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Hormones required during pubey ?
[ "LSH", "Testesterone", "Leptin", "All of the above" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above Pubey is triggered by a release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from pituitary gland. These hormones act as signals to the gonads (testes/ovaries) that trigger the production of - i) Estrogen, progesterone and some testosterone in women. ii) Testosterone in men. In both males and female...
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Mean value of weight of a group of 10 boys was found to be 18.2 kg. Later it was found that weight of one of the boys was wrongly recorded as 2.0 kg that should have been 20 kg. The true mean weight of the group is -
[ "18.2 kg", "20.2 kg", "16.4 kg", "20 kg" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 20 Kg The weight of one boy was recorded wrongly that means the weight of other 9 child was recorded correctly.
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Pathognomic of measls ?
[ "Koplik spot", "Rash", "Fever", "Conjuctivitis" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Koplik spot Measle Caused by RNA virus. Highly contagious droplet spread from secretion of nose and throat 4 day before and 5 days after rash. Secondary attack rate >90% in contact. Prodromal phase - characterized by fever, rhinorrhea, conjuctival congestion and dry hackig cough. Koplik spots bluish-g...
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Sympathomimetic drugs are used in all of the conditions, except:
[ "High blood pressure", "Acute uncompensated cardiac failure", "Low blood pressure", "Erectile dysfunction" ]
D
Erection is mediated parasympathetic stimuli, while ejaculation is under control of sympathomimetic agents. Thus sympathomimetic agents will not help in erectile dysfunction. Ref: Richard Finkel, Michelle Alexia Clark, Pamela C. Champe, Luigi X. Cubeddu (2009), Pharmacology, 4th Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins...
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What is deficient in exclusively breast fed baby -
[ "Vitamin B", "Vitamin A", "Vitamin C", "Proteins" ]
A
Vitamin A is absent.The only vitamins present are vitamin C and D.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-496
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What is the dose of niclosamide used in treatment of Taenia saginata infection in children?
[ "40 mg\\/kg single dose", "40 mg \\/ kg\\/ day for 3 days", "40 mg\\/kg\\/day for 7 days", "40 mg \\/kg \\/day for 21 days" ]
D
Niclosamide Niclosamide is a highly effective drug against cestodes infesting man-Taenia saginata, T. solium, Diphyllobothrium latum and Hymenolepis nana, as well as threadworm. The drug appears to act by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and interfering with anaerobic generation of ATP by the tapewo...
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Which of the following bacteria is classified as facultative anaerobe?
[ "Pseudomonas", "Bacteroides", "Escherichia", "Clostridium" ]
C
Facultative anaerobes which are ordinarily aerobic but can also grow in the absence of oxygen though less abundantly. Most bacteria of medical impoance are facultative anaerobes Other anaerobic: Clostridium, refer the image Ref: Ananthanarayan & paniker's Textbook of Microbiology 9th edition pg no:24
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Normal axis of heart is?
[ "-30 to +90", "+90 to 120", "+120 to -30", "60 to - 60" ]
A
ANSWER: (A) -30 to +90REF: Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th edition chapter 221The heart's electrical axis refers to the general direction of the hearts depolarization wavefront (or mean electrical vector) in the frontal plane. With a healthy conducting system the cardiac axis is related to where the major muscle bulk...
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What is stereopsis is -
[ "Perception of different colours", "Perception of depth of vision", "Perception of Peripheral visual fields", "Perception of size of an object" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e. Perception of the depth of vision o Stereopsis is a term that is most often used to refer to the perception of depth and 3-dimensional structure obtained on the basis of the visual information deriving from two eyes by individuals with normally developed binocular visiono There are two distinct aspects...
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Which event will NOT occur during depolarization phase?
[ "Na+ channels open", "Ca+ channels open", "K+ channels open", "None of the above" ]
C
Na+ channels open, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane to Na+. Sodiumions then diffuse into the cell, causing depolarization. This causes K+ channels to close quickly, decreasing the permeability of the cell membrane to K+. The decreased diffusion of K+out of the cell also causes depolarization. Ca2+ chann...
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Minimum concentration of reduced hemoglobin required for cyanosis is: (PGI Nov 2009)
[ "1gm/dl.", "3 gm/dl", "5 gm/dl", "7 gm/dl" ]
C
Ans: C (5 gm/dl) "In general, cyanosis becomes apparent when the concentration of reduced hemoglobin in capillary blood exceeds 40g/L (4 g/dL) Harrison 19thf248-49, 17th/230"Cyanosis is due to increased amount of reduced Hb (>5mg%]i' in capillary blood'-fy.Afefrta 15th/15CyanosisCyanosis refers to a bluish color of the...
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An 8-year-old mentally retarded child presents with left side flank pain. On ultrasound hvperechoic lesion is seen in right kidney and multiple lesions in the liver. CT scan of abdomen shows -50 to -60 HU density of the lesions in kidney and liver. The most probable diagnosis is: (E. REPEAT 2007)
[ "Familial angiolipomatosis", "ADPKD", "VHL", "Tuberous sclerosis" ]
D
Ref: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edit ion. Pages 2049 and 2052Explanation:HOUNSFIELD SCALEIt is a quantitative scale for describing radiodensity.The Hounsfield scale applies to medical grade CT scans.A change of one Hounsfield Unit (HU) represents a change of 0.1% of the attenuation coefficient of water since...
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Which of the following is true of Kleinefelter's syndrome-
[ "Chromosome pattern is 47 XXY", "Mental retardation is present", "Hypogonadism occurs", "all" ]
D
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Chromosome pattern is 47 XXY; 'b' i.e., Mental retardation is present; `c' i.e., Hypogonadism occursKLINEFELTER SYNDROME Klinefelter syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder associated with male hypogonadism and infeility.It is defined classically by a 47, XXY karyotype with variants demonstra...
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In Wegener's granulomatosis cytoplasmic anti neutrophilic antibodies are directed against
[ "Proteinase 1", "Proteinase 2", "Proteinase 3", "Proteinase 4" ]
C
Wegener granulomatosis is a necrotizing vasculitis characterized by a specific triad of findings: * Granulomas of the lung and/or the upper respiratory tract (ear, nose, sinuses, throat) * Vasculitis of small to medium-sized vessels (capillaries, venules, aerioles, and aeries), most prominently in the lungs and upper r...
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Puberty happens due to pulasatile release of -
[ "GnRH", "Estrogen", "LH/ICSH", "Testosterone" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., GnRH o Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.o It is initiated by the release of GnRH hormone in pulseso On average, girls begin puberty around ages 10-11; boys around ages 11-12. Girls usually complete puberty...
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Preconception counseling for a woman is given by:
[ "Obstetricians", "Midwives", "General physician", "All" ]
D
Ans. d. All
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In sickle cell trait, number of bands found in
[ "2", "1", "4", "5" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 2 o In hemolobin electrophoresis, various types of hemoglobin move at varying speed. o In Sickle cell trait (heterozygous state), there are two types of hemoglobin : - HbS (40%) and HbA (60%). So, on elecrophoresis two different bands are produced. o In homozygous state, almost all hemoglobin is HbS. ...
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A nineteen year old female with sho stature, wide spread nipples and primary amenorrhoea most likely has a karyotype of -
[ "47, )0(+18", "46, XXY", "47, XXY", "45 X" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 45 XTURNER'S SYNDROME o Turner's syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal disorder in phenotypic females.o Turner's syndrome results from complete or paial loss of one X chromosome (45, X) and is characterised by hypogonadism in phenotypic females Features of Turner syndrome in childreno The most s...
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A 30 year old man since 2 months suspects that his wife is having an affair with his boss. He thinks his friend is also involved from abroad and is providing technical support. He thinks people talk ill about him. His friends tried to convince him but he is not convinced at all. Otherwise, he is normal, he doesn't have...
[ "Paranoid personality disorder", "Persistent delusion disorder", "Schizophrenia", "Acute and transient psychosis" ]
B
Persistent delusional disorder is characterized by non bizarre delusions (i.e. involving situations that occur in real life e.g. deceived by spouse) of at least 1 month duration (DSM IV) but with absence of : Prominent hallucinations & flattening of affect Thought disorder, mood disorder, inappropriate behavior Cognit...
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Hemoglobin is present in:
[ "Hydrophilic pockets", "Hydrophobic pockets", "Pyrrole rings", "Cationic ring" ]
B
Hydrophobic pockets
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Which of the following is not an example of nonlinear kinetics -
[ "Metabolism of phenytoin", "Biliary secretion of bromosulfthalein (BSP)", "Glomerular filtration of naproxen", "Metabolism of diazepam" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Metabolism of diazepam Pharmacological basis of zero order kinetics o At higher concentration, the kinetics of some drugs changes from linear (first order) to non-linear (zero-order). o This is because, metabolic or other elimination pathway become saturated, so the drug can not be eliminated at the s...
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Bajaj committee, true is –
[ "Constituted in 1946", "Recommends formation of PHC", "Recommends health manpower policy", "None" ]
C
Bajaj committee An "expert committee for healthpower planning, production and management" was constituted in 1985 under Dr. J.S. Bajaj. Major recommendations are :- Formulation of National medical & health education policy. Formulation of national health manpower policy Establishment of an educational commission for...
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Ceruloderma is characterised by-
[ "Excess melanin in dermis , pigmentation not accentuated under Wood's lamp", "Excess melanin in basal and suprabasal layers, pigmentation accentuated under Wood's lamp", "Increased epidermal and dermal melanin", "Excess melanin in basal and suprabasal layers, pigmentation not accentuated under Wood's lamp" ]
A
Ceruloderma- Due to defect in migration of melanocyte. Melanocyte derived from neural crest and migrate to stratum basale (epidermis) Defect in migration of melanocytes due to which they remain in dermis Eg. Of Ceruloderma - 1. Mongolian spot 2. Nevus of OTA3. Nevus of ITO Clinical features - Dermis- Blue lesion - Don'...
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In 'A'-Esotropia the amount of detion:
[ "Increases in upward gaze and decreases in down gaze", "Decreases in upward gaze and increases in down gaze", "Increases in upward as well as downward gaze", "Decreases in upward as well as downward gaze" ]
A
Ans. Increases in upward gaze and decreases in down gaze
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What is the numerator in the calculation the sensitivity of a test
[ "True-Positive", "true-negative", "False-Positive", "False-Negative" ]
A
Sensitivity = number of true positives / number of true positives + number of false negativesSpecificity = number of true negatives / number of true negatives + number of false positives
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What is true about chorda tympani?
[ "Postganglionic sympathetic", "Postganglionic parasympathetic", "Preganglionic parasympathetic", "Postganglionic parasympathetic" ]
C
Chorda tympani from facial nerve provides preganglionic secretomotor fibres ( parasympathetic fibres ) to the glands. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Human Anatomy, seventh edition , volume 3 , pg. no., 136.
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RK - 39 antigen testing is done in
[ "Kala azar", "Chagas disease", "African sleeping sickness", "American sleeping sickness" ]
A
RK - 39 test is a Immunochromatographic test done in Kala azar.
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Diencephalic pupils are due to damage to?
[ "Superior colliculus", "Lateral geniculate body", "Optic pathway", "Hypothalamus" ]
D
Diencephalic pupils are a result of bilateral hemispheric dysfunction and are small. Damage occurs at the hypothalamus and will lead to damage to the origin of sympathetic fibers which will lead to small but reactive pupils. -Mid-position (4-7mm) non-reactive pupils are a result from direct midbrain (tectal region) dam...
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The most commonly affected tissues in cysticercosis is -
[ "Brain", "Eye", "Muscle", "Liver" ]
C
Man sometimes get infection in the same way as the pig .These cysticercus cellulosae may develop in any organ but are usually present in the subcutaneous tissues and muscles. The oncosphere is filtered out principally in the muscles,where they develop into larval stage in about 60-70 days Ref: panikers textbook of Medi...
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The orbitoaxial opening can be determined by at any point with the help of:
[ "Lateral pterygoid", "Medial pterygoid", "Masseter", "Temporalis" ]
A
null
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Cytochrome oxidase contains-
[ "Copper", "Iodine", "Magnanes", "Molybdenum" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Copper o All cytochromes are haem protein, i.e. they contain iron.o Cytochrome oxidase (cytochrome C oxidase or cytochrome aa3) also contain coppor, beside haem iron.o Vitamin B12. is a corrinoid, i.e. cobalt-containing compound possesing the corrin ring.Microminerals or trace elementsChromiumPotentia...
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Pitting of nails is seen in – a) Lichen planusb) Psoriasisc) Pemphigusd) Arsenic poisoning
[ "ab", "a", "ad", "bc" ]
A
null
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Non union is a common feature of fracture of
[ "Supracondylar humerus", "Clavicle", "Lower tibia", "Coracoid process" ]
C
C i.e. Lower tibia Fracture through the lower third of tibia. is more liable to go onto delayed union because the lower fragment becomes relatively avascular dlt poor vascularityQ.
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For Randomized Control Trial (RCT) to assess dating in adolescent, a study was done by selecting random schools, then random classes, then random sections and then random students. This is an example of:
[ "Stratified sampling", "Simple random sampling", "Cluster sampling", "Multistage sampling" ]
D
Ans. d. Multistage sampling (Ref: BK Mahajan 6/e p100-101; Park 23/e p849, 20/e p752-753)In Multistage sampling, sampling procedure is carried out in several stages using random sampling techniques.Multistage sampling is used when the population units arranged in hierarchal groups (Sampling schools, then sections, then...
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Anterior maxillary occlusal projection shows all of the following except:
[ "Anterior maxilla", "Teeth from 1st premolar to 1st premolar", "Teeth from canine to canine", "Anterior floor of the nasal fossa" ]
B
In anterior maxillary occlusal projection, the central ray is oriented through the tip of nose toward the middle of film with approximately +45 degrees vertical angulation and 0 degrees horizontal angulation. The primary field of this projection includes the anterior maxilla and its dentition, as well as the anterior f...
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LMW heparin is preferred over unfractionated heparin because:
[ "LMW heparin directly inhibit thrombin whereas unfractionated heparin acts activation of anti thrombin", "LMW heparins have higher risk of causing bleeding", "LMW heparin can be given subcutaneously as well as orally", "LMW heparin has consistent bioavailability." ]
D
LMW heparin inhibit factor Xa only and have a weak effect on thrombin , aPTT, or CT are not prolonged. Heparin acts by activation of antithrombin III. LMW heparin is given subcutaneosly due to better bioavalability.LMW heparin have subcutaneous bioavalability of 70 - 90%. From medical pharmacology padmaja 4th edition P...
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Most common cause of retropharyngeal abscess in adults?
[ "TB", "Tooth extraction", "Tonsillitis", "Lymphadenitis" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., TB Abscess in infants (acute retropharyngeal abscess) Most commonly it results from retropharyngeal lymphadenitis due to an upper respiratory tract infection. Treatment is incision and drainage. Abscess in adults (chronic retropharyngeal abscess) If an adult or an older child has a retropharyngeal inf...
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A 68-year-old man presents with crampy abdominal pain and distention with vomiting. Findings on physical examination are positive for healed abdominal scars. X-rays reveal multiple gas fluid levels. The WBC count is 12,000. What is the most likely diagnosis?
[ "Small-bowel intestinal obstruction due to adhesions", "Hernia", "Appendicitis", "Inflammatory bowel disease" ]
A
The presence of distended loops of bowel indicate bowel obstruction. The clinical features favor mechanical obstruction rather than paralytic ileus due to infection. Obstruction due to adhesions is more common than obstruction due to hernia.
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New name of mental retardation according to American Association of Mental Retardation is
[ "Feeble Mindedness", "Subnormal intelligence", "Intellectual disability", "Mentally unstable" ]
C
(C) Intellectual disability[?]Intellectual disability (ID) or Mental retardation (MR) also known as general learning disability, is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.ICD-10 conceptualization of mental retardation (MR) with the concept...
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Most common malignant bone tumor
[ "Osteogenic sarcotoma", "Secondaries", "Osteoma", "Enchondroma" ]
B
Primary bone tumors are considerably less common than bone metastases from other primary sites; metastatic disease is discussed at the end of this section. Primary bone tumors exhibit great morphologic diversity and clinical behaviors--from benign to aggressively malignant. ref : Robbins Basic Pathology, 9E,page-774
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Grisel&;s syndrome is
[ "Glucosaminidase deficiency", "Atlanto-axial joint dislocation", "Hexosaminidase deficiency", "L4-L5 displacement" ]
B
Grisel's syndromeSpontaneous subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint following peri-pharyngeal inflammation is known as Grisel's syndrome Children are most frequently affected and classically have toicollis associated with neck stiffness or pain upon neck movement(Refer: Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, SAE, 1st edition,...
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Mucopolysaccharide/proteoglycans present in eye are?
[ "Keratan sulfate & dermatan sulfate", "Dermaton sulfate & heparan sulfate", "Dermaton sulfate & chondroitin sulfate", "Keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfateKeratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are present in cornea. Hyaluronic acid is present in vitreous humor.Keratan Sulphate is the only proteoglycan that does not contain acid sugar in disaccharide repeat unit. Instead it contains D-galactose (simple sugar) in p...
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What is true about volume control ventilation:
[ "Lung inflated at constant flow rate", "Peak alveolar pressure equal to plateau pressure", "There is decelerating flow rate", "Plateau pressure fixed" ]
A
With volume control ventilation, the inflation volume is preselected, and the lung are inflated at a constant flow rate until desired volume is delivered.
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A 72-year-old woman with long history of type-2 DM presents with abdominal pain. Physical examination reveals neuromuscular weakness and hypeension. Laboratory studies show markedly reduced serum calcium and elevated PTH. A surgical exploration of the patient's neck demonstrates 4 symmetrically enlarged parathyroid gla...
[ "Adrenal insufficiency", "Chronic liver disease", "Insulin deficiency", "Renal insufficiency" ]
D
- Given clinical features suggests the diagnosis of secondary hyper-parathyroidism Secondary hyper-parathyroidism -Depicted as CB Calcium ,| PTH - Causes: Chronic renal failure Vitamin D deficiency Intestinal malabsorption Fanconi syndrome -Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a major cause of renal insufficiency. -Chronic h...
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All are a complication of Typhoid ulcer, EXCEPT -
[ "Perforation", "Stricture", "Haemorrhage", "Sepsis" ]
B
null
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Which one of the following is used to aid in smoking cessation
[ "Buspirone", "Bupropion", "Naltrexone", "Fluoxetine" ]
B
(B) Bupropion
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water hammer pulse is seen in ?
[ "Aoic regurgitation", "mitral stenosis", "Aoic stenosis", "left ventricular failure" ]
A
ref : harrisons 21st ed
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In legionnareis disease medium for culture used is:
[ "BYCE medium", "Lofflers serum slope", "Tellurite Media", "Thayer main media" ]
A
BYCE medium
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Coombs test is
[ "Precipitation test", "Agglutination test", "CFT", "Neutrilization test" ]
B
Agglutination test:-insoluble antigen +antibody=clumps. Principle-When sera containingantibodies are mixed with antigen coated red cells, the antibody globulin coats the surface of the erythrocytes,though they are not agglutinated. When such erythrocytes coated with the antibody globulin are washednfree of all unattach...
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Which of the following will not cause a low lung diffusing capacity (DL)?
[ "Decreased diffusion distance", "Decreased capillary blood volume", "Decreased surface area", "Decreased cardiac output" ]
A
A decrease in the diffusion distance will lead to an increase in DL. A decrease in capillary blood volume, surface area, cardiac output, and blood hemoglobin concentration will decrease DL.
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Most common cause of sudden death-
[ "Venticular fibrillation", "Atrial fibrillation", "PSVT", "A-V block" ]
A
the most common cause of sudden death in people is ventricular fibrillation Ventricular fibrillation is the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death. The condition's rapid, erratic heabeats cause the hea to abruptly stop pumping blood to the body. The longer the body is deprived of blood, the greater the risk of dam...
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An infant with respiratory distress was intubated. The fastest and accurate method to confirm intubation
[ "Capnography", "Clinically by auscultation", "Chest radiography", "Airway pressure measurement" ]
A
Ans. a. Capnography Capnography is the surest confirmatory sign of correct intubationQ So, the fastest and accurate method to confirm intubation in the above mentioned infant is capnography Capnography Capnography is the continuous measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO,) and its waveform. Normal: 32 to 42 mmHe ...
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Which of the following malignancy is associated with underlying progression and spreads characteristically in a stepwise fashion and hence staging the disease is an important prognostic factor?
[ "Hodgkin's lymphoma", "Multiple myeloma", "Mature T cell NHL", "Mature B cell NHL" ]
A
null
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Which one of the following foetal functions is the last to be affected
[ "Tone", "Movement", "Heart rate reactivity", "Breathing movements" ]
A
(A) Tone
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Anti-topoisomerase I is marker of:
[ "Systemic sclerosis", "Classic polyaeritis nodosa", "Nephrotic syndrome", "Rheumatoid ahritis" ]
A
Two ANAs strongly associated with systemic sclerosis are as follows:- One of these,directed against DNA topoisomerase I (anti-Scl 70), is highly specific. Patients who have this antibody are more likely to have pulmonary fibrosis and peripheral vascular disease. The other, an anti-centromere antibody, is found in 20% t...
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Central tendon of diaphragm develops from -
[ "Septum transversum", "Dorsal mesocardium", "Pleuroperitoneal membrane", "Cervical myotomes" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Septum transversum Moore-Persuad 8th/e p. 150-52, 75]Development of diaphramo Diaphragm develops from 4 structures derived from mesoderm which unite to form a sheet.1) Septum transversum Gives origin to sternal part and central tendinous region.2) Pleuroperitoneal membrane Dorsal paired portion.3) Dor...
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Thoracic extension of cervical goitre is usually approached through
[ "Neck", "Chest", "Combined cervico-thoracic route", "Thoracoscopic" ]
A
Resection of retro sternal goitre can almost always be carried out from the neck, but median sternotomy is rarely necessary Characteristics that might predict an inability to mobilize a thoracic goiter into a cervical incision include a reoperative field, an invasive substernal thyroid malignancy, goiters that extend b...
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Which of the following is not a type of cerebral palsy:
[ "Spasticity", "Autism", "Ataxia", "Athetosis" ]
B
null
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Yawning is a common feature of: AIIMS 06
[ "Alcohol withdrawal", "Cocaine withdrawal", "Cannabis withdrawal", "Opioid withdrawal" ]
D
Ans. Opioid withdrawal
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Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is characterized histologically by
[ "Fibromuscular hyperplasia of the renal aery", "Crescents in the glomeruli", "Neutrophils in the interstitium", "Splitting of the basement membrane by mesangial cells" ]
B
The finding of crescents within the Bowman's space of many glomeruli is diagnostic of rapidly progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (RPGN). RPGN may be subdivided into three types based on the immunofluorescence (IF) staining pattern. Type I RPGN reveals linear staining of IgG and C3. The majority of these patien...
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Which is not true of carbuncle -
[ "Infective gangrene of subcutaneous tissue", "Caused by staphylococcus", "Diabetics are more prone", "Caused by streptococcus" ]
D
null
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False about acute aluminium phosphate poisoning:
[ "Subendocardial infarct", "Produce phosphine gas", "Inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase", "Oesophageal stricture" ]
D
D i.e. Oesophageal stricture Aluminium (zinc) phosphide or celphos poisoning liberates phosphine gas which inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, respiratory chain enzymes and electron transpo systemQ. It is a systemic poison and kills most of patients with in 24 hours secondry to cardiovascular collapse d/t direct...
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All of the following statements about chronic constrictive pericarditis are true except
[ "Commonest cause in India is 'Idiopathic'", "Kussmaul's sign is present", "Ascitis is not in propoion to edema", "Right ventricular End Diastolic pressure is raised" ]
A
Answer is A (Commonest cause in India is 'Idiopathic') The commonest cause of constrictive pericarditis in developing countries including India is tuberculosis Commonest cause of constrictive pericarditis in India is Tuberculosis Commonest cause of contrictive pericarditis in developing countries is tuberculosis. Commo...
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The process of destroying all microbes including spores is called :
[ "Disinfection", "Antisepsis", "Asepsis", "Sterilization" ]
D
null
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Health promotion includes:
[ "PAS smear", "Mass treatment", "Immunization", "Health education" ]
D
Ans: D (Health.....) HEALTH PROMOTION Park 23rd/ 43# It is process of enabling people to increase control over & to improve health# The well known interventions in this area are: health education, environmental modification, nutritional interventions & life style & behavioural changes # Health education: This is one of...
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The burrows in scabies is in the -
[ "Stratum basale", "Stratum granulosum", "Stratum corneum", "Dermis" ]
C
Scabies mite burrows into Stratum corneum. These are visible clinically as irregular grey-brown lines.
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Investigation of choice for diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis:
[ "USG", "Plain CT scan", "CT scan with contrast", "MRI Scan" ]
C
Ans. CT scan with contrast
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Cranial nerve related to apex of the petrous temporal bone -a) VIIIb) VIIc) VId) Ve) IX
[ "cd", "bc", "bd", "ac" ]
A
Site Cranial Nerves  Sphenoid fissure (superior orbital)  III, IV, first division V, VI  Lateral wall of cavernous sinus  III, IV, first division V, VI, often with proptosis  Retrosphenoid space  II, III, IV, V, VI  Apex of petrous bone  V, VI  Internal auditory meatus  VII, VIII  Po...
train
med_mcqa
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All of the following statements about bronchial circulation are true, Except:
[ "Contribute 2% of systemic circulation", "Contribute to gaseous exchange", "Cause venous admixing of blood", "Provide nutritive function to lung" ]
B
B i.e. Contribute to gaseous exchangeBronchial circulation does not take pa in gaseous exhangeQ. Gaseous exchange takes place in pulmonary circulation.Bronchial Circulation- Bronchial aeries arise directly from aoa and provide nourishment/ oxygenated blood to lung parenchymaQ. Bronchial aeries are usually 3 in number, ...
train
med_mcqa
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All are live vaccines except -
[ "17 - D", "Rubella", "Salk", "Measles" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Salk Salk vaccine is killed polio vaccine. 17 D is yellow fever live vaccine.
train
med_mcqa
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In the WHO recommended EPI Cluster sampling for assessing primary immunization coverage, the age group of children to be surveyed is-
[ "0-12 months", "6-12 months", "9-12 months", "12-23 months" ]
D
null
train
med_mcqa
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Most of the CO2 transported in the blood is
[ "Dissolved in plasma.", "In carbamino compounds formed from plasma proteins.", "In carbamino compounds formed from hemoglobin.", "In HCO3–" ]
D
The CO2 that diffuses into red blood cells is rapidly hydrated to H2CO3 because of the presence of carbonic anhydrase. The H2CO3 dissociates to H+ and HCO3-, and the H+ is buffered, primarily by hemoglobin, while the HCO3- enters the plasma.
train
med_mcqa
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Zero order kinetics occur in following drug with high dose ?
[ "Phenytoin and Theophylline", "Digoxin and Propranolol", "Amiloride and Probenecid", "Lithium and Theophylline" ]
A
null
train
med_mcqa
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True about vibrio cholerae is -
[ "Disease more common in woman", "Classical vibrio protect against development of 0-139 Tor is milder than classical", "El - Tor is milder than classical", "All" ]
C
El - Tor is milder than classical
train
med_mcqa
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Shortest diameter of pelvis is-
[ "Bispinous", "Antero-posterior", "Oblique", "Transverse" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Bispinous
train
med_mcqa
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School closure is recommended during an outbreak of swine flu. All of the following support this except:
[ "Closure of school will not lead to reduction in contact between children", "Children are the most common affected population by swine flu", "Increased rates of transmission due to more opportunities for contact", "Playing together of students increases transmission" ]
A
Ans. a. Closure of school will not lead to reduction in contact between children (Ref: style="font-size: 1.04761904761905em; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif"> pubmed/24267871 Transmission dynamics of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in India: the impact of holiday-related school closure. J Epidemics. 201...
train
med_mcqa
null
Contraindications to intrauterine contraceptive device are all except
[ "Wilson disease", "Uterine abnormality with distorted uterine cavity", "Menorrhagia due to coagulation disorder", "High risk for PID" ]
C
Menorrhagia due to coagulation disorder is not a contraindication to IUD use.
train
med_mcqa
null
Recurrent Giardiasis is associated with:
[ "Severe combined immunodeficiency", "Common variable immunodeficiency", "Digeorge syndrome", "C8 deficiency" ]
B
Common variable immunodeficiency is associated with the deficient production of antibodiesThey have a normal number of B lymphocytes but fail to mature into plasma cellsResults in hypogammaglobulinemia, with a reduction in all classes of Ig but sometimes only IgG is reducedVarious disorders associated:Intestinal disord...
train
med_mcqa
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The following condition is not associated with an Anti-phopholipid syndrome:
[ "Venous thrombosis", "Recurrent foetal loss", "Thrombocytosis", "Neurological manifestations" ]
C
Ans is C (Thrombocytosis) Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with thrombocytopenia and not thrombocytosis. Common obstetric complications associated with antiphospholipid syndrome are: Recurrent fetal lossQ IUGRQ Pregnancy associated hypeensionQ Placental abruptionQ Recurrent thrombotic eventsQ ThrombocytopeniaQ (...
train
med_mcqa
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Acute chest syndrome is caused by?
[ "Sickle cell anemia", "Pneumonia", "Acute myocardial infarction", "Penetrating chest tratuma" ]
A
Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell anemia is a distinctive manifestation characterised by chest pain,tachypnea,fever,cough,and aerial oxygen desaturation.It can mimic pneumonia,pulmonary embolism,bone marrow infarction and embolism,myocardial ischemia,or insitu lung infarction.Pulmonary infarction and pneumonia are th...
train
med_mcqa
null
Pseudopolyps are typically seen in
[ "Crohn's disease", "Ulcerative colitis", "Celiac disease", "Tropical sprue" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Ulcerative colitis Pseudopolyps are typically seen in Ulcerative colitis. The involved mucosa in ulcerative colitis shows broad based ulcers are aligned along the long axis of the colon. Isolated
train
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Clinical feature of CRF -
[ "Broad cast in urine", "Hypomagnesemia", "Hypokalemia", "Impotence" ]
A
In chronic renal diseases, Degenerated cellular casts called waxy casts or broad casts(arising in the dilated tubules that have undergone compensatory hyperophy in response to reduced renal mass) may be seen in urine. Ref:Harrison 20th edition pg no. 294
train
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Ambivalence is most commonly associated with:
[ "Depression", "Generalized anxiety disorder", "Schizophrenia", "OCD" ]
C
C i.e. Schizophrenia
train
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Regarding HSV-2 infection -a) Primary infection is usually wide spreadb) Recurrent attacks are due to reactivation of latent infectionc) Encephalitis can be caused by HSV - 2d) Newborn may acquire infection via the birth canal at the time of labore) Treatment is with acyclovir
[ "abde", "bcde", "acde", "ade" ]
A
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Ha&;s rule is related to
[ "Mechanism of Internal rotation.", "Mechanism of Crowning.", "Mechanism of Engagement.", "Mechanism of Restitution." ]
A
Elastic recoil of Levator Ani occurs bringing the occiput forwards in the midline. The process is repeated until the occiput is placed anteriorly. This is called as rotation by law of pelvic floor- Ha&;s rule.
train
med_mcqa
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Relative to filgrastim (G-CSF), sargramostim (GM-CSF)
[ "Has greater oral bioavailability", "Is more likely to cause thrombocytopenia", "Is more likely to elicit an allergic reaction", "Stimulates production of a wider variety of hematopoietic stem cells" ]
D
Stimulates production of a wider variety of hematopoietic stem cells GM-CSF has wider biologic activity than G-CSF; it stimulates early myeloid stem cells in addition to cells destined become neutrophils.
train
med_mcqa
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The drug of choice for the treatment of Thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy is
[ "Carbimazole", "Iodine therapy", "Propyl Thiouracil", "Metimazole" ]
C
(C) Propyl Thiouracil # All antithyroid drugs can cross placenta so risk of fetal hypothyroidism and goitre is always there.> Both carbimazole and propylthiourcil can be used during pregnancy, but propyl-thiouracil is the drug of choice because its greater protein binding allows low doses of propylthioracil to be trans...
train
med_mcqa
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Which of the following is not a feature of pseudohypoparathyroidism?
[ "Hyperparathyroidism", "Hypocalcemia", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Hyperphosphatemia" ]
C
Pseudohypoparathyroidism ( PHP ) is a group of inherited disorders characterised by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia is due to resistance to parathyroid hormone, which results in hyperplasia of parathyroid glands, and thus causing elevation of PTH levels. Reference: Harrison 21st edition, page 2485
train
med_mcqa
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A fixed bridge with pontics rigidly fixed to the retainers provides:
[ "Strength to the abutments", "Reduction of stress associated with restoration", "Aesthetics to the fixed bridge", "Reciprocation of forces acting on the pontic" ]
B
null
train
med_mcqa
null
Which of the following nerves has the best prognosis for repair after injury -
[ "Ulnar", "Radial", "Median", "Lateral popliteal" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Radial nerveRecovery potential after nerve repairExcellent :- Radial, Musculocutaneous, femoral, digital nervesModerate :- Median, Ulnar, TibialPoor :- Common peroneal (lateral popliteal)
train
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False about 'SEPS' procedure is:
[ "Used for incompetent perforators .", "Procedure is done with the help of endoscope .", "Vascular clip is applied above the level of deep fascia .", "None of the above" ]
C
Subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS) SEPS is a new endoscopic technique for the management of chronic insufficiency due to incompetent perforator veins. SEPS involves inseion of a rigid endoscope through the skin and fascia to a plane below the deep fascia, such that perforator veins are visible as they...
train
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A 23-year-old male had unprotected sexual intercourse with a commercial sex worker. Two weeks later, he developed a painless, indurated ulcer on the glans which exuded clear serum on pressure. Inguinal lymph nodes in both groins were enlarged and not tender. The most appropriate diagnostic test is –
[ "Gram's stain of ulcer discharge", "Darkfield microscopy of ulcer discharge", "Giemsa stain of lymph node aspirate", "ELISA for HIV infection" ]
B
It is very easy to diagnose an STD by a simple stepwise approach ​Step -1 The first step is to see whether the ulcer is painful or painless. Painless ulcer     →   LGV, donovanosis, chancre. Painful ulcers    → HSV, chancroid. Step - 2 For painless ulcer, see whether lymphadenopathy is present or not:- Lymphadenopa...
train
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Transpulmonary pressure is the difference between:
[ "The bronchus and atmospheric pressure", "Pressure in alveoli and intrapleural pressure", "Atmosphere and intrapleural pressure", "Atmosphere and intraalveolar pressure" ]
B
Transpulmonary pressure is the pressure difference between alveolar pressure and intrapleural pressure. Before the sta of inspiration or at the end of expiration it is about +5cm H2O. Positive transpulmonary pressure keeps the alveoli open. Intrapleural pressure is the pressure between two layers of pleura. It is about...
train
med_mcqa
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Amitryptyline is a
[ "Antibiotic", "Sedative", "Tricyclic antidepressant", "Diuretic" ]
C
null
train
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Which of the following is not a hereditary disease-
[ "Neurofibromatosis", "Cretinism", "Huntingtons disease", "Hereditary spherocytosis" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cretinism Cretinismo Cretinism is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones (congenital hypothyroidism) usually due to maternal hypothyroidism. Thus cretinism is a non hereditary condition.
train
med_mcqa
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Muscle which has influence in the formation of buccal frenum of maxilla:
[ "Levator anguli oris", "Quadratus labii superioris", "Triangularis", "Inferioris" ]
A
Buccal frenum of maxilla contains levator anguli oris (caninus), buccinator and orbicularis oris. Buccal frenum of mandible contains triangularis or depressor anguli oris.
train
med_mcqa
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Fungal spores may be produced:
[ "Singly", "In chains", "In sporangium", "All of the above" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of the above(Ref: Jawetz, 23rd/e, p. 626)* Fungal spores have different morphology. They may be unicellular, multicellular or in chains.* Sporangium contains asexual spores of phycomycetes, called sporangiospores.
train
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A 16-year-old boy arrives to your office soon after beginning basketball season. He states that he has had progressive pain in his knees. A physical examination reveals, in addition to tenderness, a swollen and prominent tibial tubercle. Radiographs of the area are unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likel...
[ "Osgood-Schlatter disease", "Popliteal cyst", "Slipped capital femoral epiphysis", "Legg-Calve-Perthes disease" ]
A
This history is typical of Osgood-Schlatter disease. Microfractures in the area of the insertion of the patellar tendon into the tibial tubercle are common in athletic adolescents. Swelling, tenderness, and an increase in size of the tibial tuberosity are found. Radiographs can be used to rule out other conditions. Tre...
train
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Kinky hair disease is a disorder where the affected child has a peculiar white stubby hair, growth retardation, brain degeneration, and dies by age of 2 years. Mrs. A is hesitant about having children because her two sisters had sons who had died from kinky hair disease. Her mother&;s brother also died of the same cond...
[ "X-linked recessive", "X-linked dominant", "Autosomal recessive", "Autosomal dominant" ]
A
The mode of inheritance in her family is X-linked recessive The point in our are as follows: Only males have manifested this disease. Females act as carriers; sister&;s sons had the disease X-Linked recessive disorder: Males are affected more commonly and more severely than females Female carriers have a 25% risk for h...
train
med_mcqa
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Early diagnosis of acute hepatitis-B infection is made by-
[ "Presence of HbeAg in serum", "Presence of IgM anti-Hbc in serum", "Presence HbsAg in serum", "Presence of IgG anti-HBc in serum" ]
C
After a person is infected with HBV, the first virologic marker detectable in serum within 1-12 weeks, usually between 8-12 weeks, is HBsAg. Circulating HBsAg precedes elevations of serum aminotransferase activity and clinical symptoms by 2-6 weeks and remains detectable during the entire icteric or symptomatic phase o...
train
med_mcqa
null