question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Plethoric lung fields are seen in all of the following conditions, except: | [
"Atrial septal defect (ASD)",
"TAPVC (Total Anomalous Pulmonary venous connection)",
"Ebstein's' anomaly",
"Ventricular septal defect"
] | C | Ebsteins' anomaly : Plethoric lung fields are seen in conditions which increase pulmonary blood flow. They are: Left to right shunt - ASD, VSD, PDA, Coronary aery fistula into right hea, Aoopulmonary window Transposition of great aeries with ASD or VSD Truncus aeriosus Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presented with local gigantism of the leg and increased pulsations of the lower limb veins. Most probable diagnosis is : | [
"Tumor",
"AV fistula",
"Varicose veins",
"Incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction"
] | B | The patient is having congenital AV fistula which has caused overgrowth of the leg.
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF)
AVF may be congenital or acquired (by the trauma of a penetrating wound, or surgically created for renal dialysis)
Structural effect on veins → Veins are arterialised*, they become dilated tortuous and thic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Dhatura poisoning is characterized by - | [
"Pinpoint pupil",
"Dilated salivary gland",
"Dilated pupil with facial flush",
"Decrease temp"
] | C | Clinical Features of datura * Dryness of mouth (dry as bone) * Bitter taste * Difficulty in talking * Dysphagia* Dilated pupils * Diplopia* Difficulty in vision (blurring of vision, blind as bat) * Dry hot skin with flushing (red as beet) * Hyperpyrexia (hot as hare) * Drunken gait (ataxia) * Hyperreflexia * Convulsion... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diagnostic criteria for Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis include all, except | [
"Peripheral eosinophilia (>0.1 x 109/mm3)",
"Central bronchiectasis",
"Episodic Asthma",
"Detection of Aspergillus in sputum"
] | A | Answer is A (Peripheral eosinophilia (>0.1 x 109/mm3): Peripheral blood eosinophilia with eo.sinophil count >1000/mm3 is included in the primary diagnostic criteria (and not an eosinophil count > 0.1 x 109/mm3) Criteria for the Diagnosis of ABPA Primary Primary Episodic bronchial obstruction (asthma) Peripheral blood e... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Transport of two substances in the same direction is called as? | [
"Symport",
"Antiport",
"Exocytosis",
"Pinocytosis"
] | A | When the transported molecule and cotransported ion move in the same direction, the process is called Symport; when they move in opposite directions, the process is called Antiport | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tests of chicken pox- | [
"FAMA",
"ELISA",
"PCR",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a' i.e., FAMA; 'b' i.e., ELISA; 'c' i.e., PCR Laboratory Diagnosis ? A) Microscopy ? Tzank smear - multinucleated giant cells Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusion bodies B) Virus Isolation VZV does not grow in experimental animals or chick embryo. It can be grown in tissue culture cell lines : - Human fibrobla... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Germ tube test is done for: | [
"Chlamydia",
"Candida albicans",
"Bacterial vaginosis",
"Neisseria gonorrhoeae"
] | B | Ref: Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, E-book, P 634* A germ tube test is a diagnostic test in which a sample of fungal spores are suspended in serum and examined by microscopy. It is particularly indicated for colonies of white or cream color on fungal culture.* A positive germ tube test is strongly indicative of C... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common primary malignancy of bone is? | [
"Multiple myeloma",
"Osteoid osteoma",
"Osteosarcoma",
"PNET"
] | A | Ans. (a) Multiple myelomaRef.'.Apley's 8/e, p 191) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following condition has no increased risk of invasive breast carcinoma except | [
"Hyperplasia Atypical",
"Sclerosing Adenosis",
"Apocrine metaplagia",
"Duct ectasia"
] | A | Cancer risk associated (with benign breast disorders and insitu carcinoma of the breast) Non-proliferative - no increased risk Sclerosing Adenosis - no increased risk Intra ductal papilloma--no increased risk Florid hyperplasia - 1.5 to 2 fold Atypical lobular hyperplasia - 4fold Atypical ductal hyperplasia - 4fold Duc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ACNA is sensitive and specific for : | [
"Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis",
"Idiopathic cresentic glomerulonephritis.",
"Diffuse glomerulosclerosis",
"Henoch's schonlein purpura"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' Idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis | train | med_mcqa | null |
A newborn developed respiratory depression in a postoperative ward. It can result from the use of? | [
"Opioid",
"Propofol",
"Furosemide",
"Heparin"
] | A | Babies born to mothers who were addicts prior to delivery will also be dependent. Withdrawal symptoms may be irritability, excessive crying, tremors, frantic suckling if fists , diarrhea, sneezing, yawning, vomiting and fever and can result in respiratory depression. All the other given drugs do not produce withdrawal ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 65-year-old man is being evaluated for possible right pneumonectomy for bronchogenic carcinoma. The value most suggestive of postuperative problems, is | [
"Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) 55 percent predicted",
"Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 2L (83 percent of total forced vital capacity)",
"Maximal oxygen uptake (MVO2) 12 mLlkg/min",
"Pa CO2 50 torr"
] | D | All of the listed tests are used in evaluating pulmonary function. Disturbing values include DLCO less than 50 percent predicted, FEV1 0.8l (60 percent of FVC), MV02 <10 mllkg/min, PaC02 > 46 torr, Pa02 < 70 torr | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 50 year old man presents with paresthesia. Hb = 6.8 gms/dl. Peripheral smear shows macrocytes and neutrophis with hypersegmented nuclei. Endoscopy reveals atroghic gastritis. Which of the following deficiency is more likely? | [
"Fotate deficiency",
"Vitamin B12 deficiency",
"Riboliavan deficiency",
"Fotate deficiency"
] | B | above clinical features point towards Vit B12 deficiency due to Pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia -Type II Hypersensitivityin which ABs are formedagainst intrinsic factorthus inhibits the binding of IF+B12. Intrinsic factor deficiency-Malabsorption of vitamin B12 - Megaloblastic anemia /Pernicious anemia | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following disorders is not seen in the "REM" stage of sleep? | [
"Nightmares",
"Narcolepsy",
"Somnambulism",
"Sleep apnea"
] | C | Ans. C. SomnambulismSlow wave sleep disordersa. Night terror/pavor nocturnusb. Somnambulismc. Somniloquyd. Bruxisme. Nocturnal enuresisREM (desynchronized sleep/paradoxical sleep disorder)a. Nightmaresb. Narcolepsyc. Insomniad. Sleep apnea | train | med_mcqa | null |
Small child with discharging pus from sinus in lateral aspect of thigh. Diagnosis all Except | [
"Ewing's sarcoma",
"Garry's osteomyelitis",
"Chronic osteomyelitis",
"Infection of soft tissue"
] | D | (D) Infection of soft tissue | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true regarding lattice formation | [
"Associated with precipitation and not agglutination",
"Associated with agglutination and not precipitation",
"Associated with both precipitation and agglutination",
"Associated with neither precipitation and nor agglutination"
] | C | Lattice formation is possible only in the zone of equivalence.in the zones of antibody or antigen excess lattice doesn't enlarge as their respective valencies are stisfied,this lattice hypothesis holds good for agglutination also. Ref: anantnarayan and panikers 10 th edition. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements is not true about pancreatic carcinoma? | [
"Mutation in p53 gene is associated in 75% of cases",
"Hereditary pancreatitis significantly increase the risk",
"Median survival in locally advanced (Stage III) disease is 3-6 months",
"Five year survival after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy is 20%"
] | C | Ans. (c) Median survival in locally advanced (stage III) disease is 3-6 monthsRef: Sabiston 19/e p1541* Following surgical resection and adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer, the median survival is approximately 22 months, with 5-year survival of 15% to 20%.* In the absence of surgical resection, those with locally a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Causes of erythroderma – a) Pityriasis albab) Pityriasis versicolorc) Psoriasisd) Lichen planuse) Eczema | [
"ab",
"cde",
"acd",
"bd"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Floor of Petit triangle is formed by- | [
"Sacrospinalis",
"Internal oblique",
"Rectus abdominis",
"Fascia Transversalis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Internal oblique The lumbar triangle (Petit's triangle) is a weak area in the posterior part of the abdominal wall. It is bounded anteriorly by the posterior margin of the external oblique muscle, posteriorly by the anterior border of the latissimus dorsi muscle, and inferiorly by the iliac crest. The... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Case control study, All can be measured except - a) Relative risk b) Incidence c) Odds ratiod) Cause & effect relation | [
"cb",
"b",
"abd",
"da"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which nerve passes through Meckel's cave? | [
"Abducens",
"Facial",
"Trigeminal",
"Trochlear"
] | C | Arcuate eminence of petrous temporal bone is caused by superior aspect of superior semicircular canalQ. Meckel's cave houses gasserian ganglion of trigeminal nerveQ. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type E circuit is used for? | [
"Spontaneous ventilation",
"Controlled ventilation",
"Children",
"An used for all of the above indications"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Children * Circuit of choice for spontaneous ventilation in adult - Mapleson A* Circuit of choice for controlled ventilation in adult - Mapleson D (Bain circuit)* Circuit of choice for children - Type F, i.e. Jackson-Rees (first choice) and type E, i.e. Ayre's T piece (second choice) | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the diagnosis in this patient who appeared sick, had a bull neck, and was tachycardic? | [
"Diphtheria",
"Epiglottitis",
"Infectious mononucleosis",
"Rheumatic fever"
] | A | Answer A. DiphtheriaThe patient's features are typical of diphtheria. Her throat culture was positive for Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The patient recovered after the initiation of treatment with penicillin. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Methotrexate (an older cancer treatment medication) can be used as first-line therapy for rheumatologic and psoriatic diseases. One of the side effects of methotrexate usage mimics which one of the following vitamin deficiencies? | [
"Pyridoxine (B6)",
"Biotin (B7)",
"Niacin (B2)",
"Folate (B9)"
] | D | Methotrexate targets and inhibits FH2 reductase, which catalyzes the reduction of FH2 to FH4 . Thus, in the presence of methotrexate, FH4 cannot be regenerated, and the body becomes functionally folate deficient. Methotrexate does not interfere with the absorption or reactions of the other B vitamins listed as potentia... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 36-year-old G1P0 woman presents for her first prenatal visit late in her first trimester of pregnancy; she complains of persistent vaginal bleeding, nausea, and pelvic pain. Physical examination is notable for a gravid uterus larger than expected for gestational age. Fetal heart tones are absent. The patient has a me... | [
"β hcg levels will be higher than normal",
"β hcg levels will be lower than norma",
"uterus will be of normal levels",
"TSH levels will be increased"
] | A | In the given question patient is presenting late in her first trimester of pregnancy with complains of persistent vaginal bleeding, nausea, and pelvic pain. Physical examination is notable for a gravid uterus larger than expected for gestational age. Fetal heart tones are absent.
D/D of height of uterus larger than the... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are the high-risk factors for sudden cardiac death in hyperophic cardiomyopathy except: | [
"Family history of sudden cardiac death",
"Non-sustained Ventricular tachycardia on cardiac monitoring",
"Left ventricular septal thickness of 2-3cm",
"Abnormal drop in systolic blood pressure"
] | C | High risk factors for Sudden cardiac death in HOCM -H/o cardiac arrest, sustained ventricular tachycardia -Syncope (non-vagal) -Spontaneous non sustained ventricular tachycardia -LV thickness > 3 cm -Abnormal fall in SBP | train | med_mcqa | null |
The human plasma lipoprotein containing the highest percentage of triacylglycerol by weight is? | [
"LDL",
"Chylomicrons",
"VLDL",
"HDL"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., ChylomicronesoMaximum triglyceride content - ChylomicronsoMaximum exogenous triglyceride - ChylomicronsoMaximum endogenous triglyceride - VLDLoMaximum cholesterol content - LDLLipoproteinsoLipoproteins serve to transport the lipid in circulation. As the name suggests, lipoproteins contain lipids and p... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following nipple discharge is most probably physiological- | [
"B/L spontaneous discharge",
"B/L milky discharge with squeezing from multiple ducts",
"U/L bloody discharge",
"U/L bloody discharge with squeezing from a single duct"
] | B | Answer- B, B/L milky discharge with squeezing from multiple ductsNipple discharge is classified as pathologic if it is spontoneous, unilateral, blaody, serous, clear, or associated wlth a mass.Physiological discharge is usually bilateral, involves multiple ducts, and is assoctated with nipple stimulation or breast comp... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In vitamin B12 deficiency, folate is trapped in the form of | [
"Formyl THFA",
"Methenyl THFA",
"Methyl-THFA",
"Methylene-THFA"
] | C | Methylation of homocysteine to methionine is the only way of regeneration of active THFA from methyl THFA. Methionine synthase reaction requires methyl cobalamin. So, deficiency of methyl-B12 leads to trapping of THFA in less utilised methyl-THFA - phenomenon known as folate trap. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about Tuberculosis HIV patients - | [
"Sputum positivity",
"INH prophyaxis prevent development ofT.B",
"Lack characteristics feature of T.B",
"Highly positive PPD reaction"
] | C | Sputum is negative in half of the patients because of absence of pulmonary cavities There are 4 main differences in clinical presentation in TB in HIV patients 1.TB progresses more rapidly 2.chest x ray appearance alters 3.sputum smears may be negative 4.classic miliary pattern may be seen Ref Harrison 20th edition pg ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is the most common feature of Aoitis on chest X-ray - | [
"Calcification of ascending aoa",
"Calcification of descending aoa",
"Calcification of pulmonary aery",
"Focal oligemia"
] | A | Saccular aneurysm with pencil-thin dystrophic calcification most commonly in ascending aoa commencing near aoic root is characteristic of syphilitc aoitis. Aoic aneurysm in Marfans syndrome often involves sinuses of valsalva and ascending aoa.It can also effect aoic ring resulting in AR. Takayasu aoitis affects segment... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The likely metabolic complications of total parenteral nutrition within the first two weeks of therapy would include all of the following a) Cardiopulmonary failure b) Hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycaemia c) Zinc deficiency d) Hypophosphataemia | [
"abd",
"acd",
"abc",
"bcd"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Carbamide solution used for bleaching degrades into | [
"0.3% sodium perborate",
"30% hydrogen peroxide",
"3% hydrogen peroxide",
"30% sodium perborate"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 62-year-old male with underlying COPD develops a viral upper respiratory infection and begins taking an over-the-counter decongestant. Shortly thereafter he experiences palpitations and presents to the emergency room, where the following rhythm strip is obtained, demonstrating | [
"Normal sinus rhythm",
"Junctional rhythm",
"Atrial flutter with 4:1 atrioventricular block",
"Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with 2:1 atrioventricular block"
] | C | (c) Source: (Braunwald, 15/e, p 1297.) The rhythm strip in the question reveals atrial flutter with 4:1 atrioventricular (AV) block. Atrial flutter is characterized by an atrial rate of 250 to 350/min; the electrocardiogram typically reveals a sawtooth baseline configuration due to the flutter waves. In the strip, ever... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The activity of pyruvate carboxylase is dependent upon the positive allosteric effector | [
"Succinate",
"AMP",
"Isocitrate",
"Acetyl Co A"
] | D | Pyruvate carboxylase is an allosteric enzyme. Acetyl CoA is an activator of pyruvate carboxylase so the generation of oxaloacetate is ored when acetyl CoA level is sufficiently high.Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 120 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In direct filling gold, failure usually occurs due to? | [
"Compressive stress",
"Tensile stress",
"Shear stress",
"All of the above"
] | B | Transverse (bending) strength reflects three types of stresses: compressive, tensile, and shear. In direct filling golds, the failure usually occurs from tensile stress because of incomplete cohesion. Bending strength represents an indirect indicator of cohesive strength. Hardness indicates the overall quality of compa... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Galeazzi fracture is defined as: March 2013 (c) | [
"Fracture proximal radius with dislocation of superior radio-ulnar joint",
"Fracture distal radius with dislocation of inferior radio-ulnar joint",
"Fracture proximal ulna with dislocation of superior radio-ulnar joint",
"Fracture distal ulna with dislocation of inferior radio-ulnar joint"
] | B | Ans. B i.e. Fracture distal radius with dislocation of inferior radio-ulnar joint Synonyms of fractures Greenstick fracture: Childrens, Bending force, Distraction of coex on convex side & Compression on the concave side (coex intact) Bennet's fracture: Intra-aicular base of 1st metacarpal; - Extra-aicular extension is ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for acyclovir resistant HHV is? | [
"Foscarnet",
"Cidofovir",
"Valacyclovir",
"Famciclovir"
] | A | ANSWER: (A) FoscarnetREF: Harrisons 17th ed chapter 172Therapy with the antiviral drug foscarnet is useful in acyclovir-resistant cases. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In coarctation of aoa the rib changes are seen from: | [
"1-12th",
"3-6th",
"4-9th",
"8-12th"
] | C | Ans. 4-9th | train | med_mcqa | null |
Type of inheritance of Wilson desease is? | [
"Autosomal dominant",
"Autosomal Recessive",
"X Linked dominant",
"X Linked recessive"
] | B | Robbins basic pathology 6th edition. Chapter livewr. page no. 875. Wilsons disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. Due to accum ulation of toxic levels of copper in tissues and organs. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The main vector of Dengue fever is - | [
"Aedes aegypti",
"Aedes albopictus",
"Aedes polynesiensis",
"Aedes scutellaris"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Enteroviruses are associated with all of the following, EXCEPT: | [
"Aseptic Meningitis",
"Pleurodynia",
"Herpangina",
"Hemorrhagic fever"
] | D | Acute hemorrhagic fever is not caused by the enteroviruses. It usually causes non specific febrile illness, hand foot mouth disease, Herpangina, coryza, conjunctivitis, pericarditis, myocarditis, gastrointestinal symptoms and neurological symptoms. Ref: Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton (2008), "Nelson Textbook of Ped... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which clinical feature is not associated with pheochromocytoma? | [
"High systolic pressure",
"Hypoglycemia",
"High diastolic pressure",
"Erythrocytosis"
] | B | Option A & C- Both are elevated * Vol. constricted state so relative polycythemia or erythrocytosis is seen in patients. * The circulating fluid volume is reduced in pheochromocytoma d/t which it l/t | Erythrocyte count and Hypercalcemia. Note: Pheochromocytoma causes a sympathomimetic stimulation i.e. it causes |HR, |... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Branchial cyst is found in | [
"Midine of neck",
"Upper and middle third of the sternomastoid muscle at its anterior border",
"Nape of neck",
"Upper one-third along anterior tender of trapezius"
] | B | A branchial cyst probably develops from the vestigial remnants of the second branchial cleft, is usually lined by squamous epithelium, and contains thick, turbid fluid full of cholesterol crystals. The cyst usually presents in the upper neck in early or middle adulthood and is found at the junction of the upper third a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Aflatoxin is produced by the fungus? | [
"Aspergillus flavus",
"Aspergillus fumigatus",
"Aspergillus niger",
"Penicillium marneffei"
] | A | Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin that is produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Exposure to aflatoxin can cause hepatic necrosis later progressing to cirrhosis. It also acts as a carcinogen and can produce hepatocellular carcinoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Tinea incognito is seen with – | [
"Steroid treatment",
"1% BHi3",
"5% permethrin",
"Antibiotics"
] | A | Tinea incongnito is due to inappropriate use of topical corticosteroids. | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about hepatitis with HCV is: | [
"Present with fulminant liver failure",
"Chronicity is not seen",
"Genotyping helps in treatment duration",
"Feco/oral transmission"
] | C | Genotyping is helpful for predicting the likelihood of response and duration of treatment. Patients with genotypes 1 and 4 are generally treated for 12 months, whereas 6 months of treatment is sufficient for other genotypes. Genotyping can be performed by direct sequence analysis, reverse hybridization to genotype-spec... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of these is the best for management of a 3 cm stone in renal pelvis without evidence of hydronephrosis? | [
"ESWL",
"PCNL",
"Antegrae pyeloplasty",
"Retrograde pyeloplasty"
] | B | Generally, ESWLis anon-invasive method used for removal of renal calculi but themaximum size of stone that can be removed by ESWL is up to 1.5 cm If the size of the stone is more than 2 cm then the preferred treatment option is PercutaneousNephrolithotomy (PCNL) Other contraindications to ESWL are obese patient, pregna... | train | med_mcqa | null |
How much iron a patient can tolerate at a time given intravenously: | [
"1000 mg",
"2000 mg",
"2500 mg",
"3000 mg"
] | C | The dose of parenteral iron is calculated using formula given in Q. 14. If the dose is more than 50 ml (each ml has 50 mg of iron i.e. 2500 mg iron), then half the dose is given on day one and second half on next day. Thus maximum iron which can be given in a day is 2500 mg.
ACOG recommends the use of iron sorbitol as ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gleason's classification is used for | [
"Carcinoma breast",
"Carcinoma Prostrate",
"Carcinoma pancreas",
"Carcinoma rectum"
] | B | Refer Robbins page no Grading and Staging. Grading is of paicular impoance in prostatic cancer, because grade and stage (discussed below) are the best prognostic predictors. Prostate cancer is graded using the Gleason system, which stratifies pros- tate cancer into five grades on the basis of glandular pat- terns of di... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug with high plasma protein binding have | [
"Sho duration of action",
"Less drug interaction",
"Lower volume of distribution",
"All of the above"
] | C | Ref-KDT 6/e p22 Plasma protein binding causes restriction of drugs in the vascular compament and thus lower volume of distribution. Longer duration of action - as the protein-bound fraction is not available for metabolism ofexcretion. Plasma protein bound drugs tend to have more drug internactions due to displacement o... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Vaginal sphincter is formed by all except - | [
"Internal urethral sphincter",
"External urethral sphincter",
"Pubovaginalis",
"Bulbospongiosus"
] | A | Urogenital sphincters in Females
- Vaginal sphincters
Bulbospongiosus
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
External urethral sphincter
Pubovaginalis
- Urinary sphincters
Compressor urethrae
External urethral sphincter
Sphincter urethrovaginalis
Pubourethralis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is a fungus | [
"Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis",
"Clostridium botulinum",
"Pneumocystis jerovecii",
"Listeria monocytogenes"
] | C | Fugus - possess rigid cell wall containing chitin mannan and other polysaccharides. The cytoplasmic membrane containing sterols. Cytoplasm contains true nuclei with nuclear membrane, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. May be unicellular or multicellular. They divide asexually, sexually or by both processes. Ref: T... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 60 yr old female with H/O 8 blood transfusion In 2 years. Her II b- 60g/l ,, TLC-5800, plutelet-3.4 lakhs, MCV 60, RBC-2.1 Inkhs/mnul. He Is having hypochromic microcytic anemia. Which Investigation Is not needed - | [
"Evaluation for pulmonary hemosiderosis",
"Urinary hemosiderin",
"Bone marrow examination",
"Q1 endoscopy"
] | A | Clinically, IPH manifests as a triad of haemoptysis, diffuse parenchymal infiltrates on chest radiographs, and iron deficiency anaemia. It is diagnosed at an average age of 4.5 plus or minus 3.5 years, and it is twice as common in females. The clinical course of IPH is exceedingly variable, and most of the patients con... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following snake produces paralysis with convulsions - | [
"Vipers",
"Sea Snakes",
"Cobra",
"Krait"
] | C | Types of venom -- may be * Neurotoxic -- cobra, krait * Hemotoxic -- vipers * Myotoxic -- sea snake NEUROTOXIC in krait,eventhough it is neurotoxic,there is no swelling or burning pain at the site of bite and convulsions are milder REF;THE SYNOPSIS OF FORENSIC MEDICINE:KS NARAYANA REDDY;28th EDITION | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which NSAID undergoes enterohepatic circulation - | [
"Aspirin",
"Phenylbutazone",
"Piroxicam",
"Ibuprofen"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Piroxicam o Piroxicam is rapidly and completely absorbed, metabolized in liver by hydroxylation and glucoronide conjugation excreted in urine and bile and undergoes enterohepatic circulation. Hence, it has a long plasma VA of nearly 2 days. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is the description used for the term allodynia? | [
"Absence of pain perception",
"Complete lack of pain sensation",
"Unpleasant sensation with or without a stimulus",
"Perception of an ordinarily non noxious stimulus as severe pain"
] | D | Allodynia refers to central pain sensitization (increased response of neurons) following normally non-painful, often repetitive, stimulation. Allodynia can lead to the triggering of a pain response from stimuli which do not normally provoke pain.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology, 23rd edition, Page no:168 | train | med_mcqa | null |
The type of fracture occur by fall from height on the feet or buttock is | [
"Comminuted fracture",
"Pond fracture",
"Sutural fracture",
"Ring fracture"
] | D | Ring fracture It is a fissured fracture which encircles the foramen magnum. This type of fracture may occur by fall from a height on the feet or buttock A heavy blow on the top of head may also cause a ring fracture. In traffic accidents a forceful impact on the front of chin may also cause an annular fracture probably... | train | med_mcqa | null |
One of your patients is diagnosed with retinoblastoma. He has a single tumor in one eye. The patient is worried whether his children would suffer from the same condition. What test could be used to determine whether it is a heritable or sporadic tumor? | [
"DNA footprinting",
"Fluorescence-activated cell soing (FACS)",
"Nohern blotting",
"PCR"
] | D | Foy percent of retinoblastomas are heritable; the child inherits one mutant allele through the germline and a somatic mutation in the other allele occurs, resulting in the loss of function of that gene. This leads to tumor development, often with multiple tumors in both eyes. Penetrance, however, is not complete, since... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Antibiotics are useful in all of the following conditions except - | [
"Whipple disease",
"Blind loop syndrome",
"Celiac disease",
"Colon polyps"
] | C | The intestinal microbiota has been proposed to play a pathogenic role in coeliac disease(CD). Although antibiotics are common environmental factors with a profound impact on intestinal microbiota, data on antibiotic use as a risk factor for subsequent CD development are scarce Whipple's disease This rare condition is c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anterior surface of stomach is in contact with the following ribs: | [
"4th to 7th",
"6th to 9th",
"7th to 10th",
"None of the above"
] | B | The lateral pa of the anterior surface is posterior to the left costal margin and in contact with the diaphragm, which separates it from the left pleura, the base of the left lung, the pericardium and the left sixth to ninth ribs. Ref: Gray's anatomy 40th edition, Chapter 71. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A teenager girl with moderate acne is also complaining of irregular menses. Drug of choice will be: | [
"Oral isotretinon",
"Oral acitretin",
"Oral minocycline",
"Cyproterone acetate"
] | D | D i.e. Cyproterone acetateCyproterone acetate is a progestin and a weak anti androgen by viue of binding to the androgen receptor (i.e. progestational antiandrogen that blocks androgen receptor). Because of antiandrogen action, it is efective in conditions like acne seborrhoea, hirsutism, female pattern hair loss (andr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drug of choice for dermatitis herpetiformis is : | [
"Dapsone",
"Griseofulvin",
"Rifampicin",
"Ketoconazole"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' Dapsone The drug of choice for Dermatitis herpetiformis - Dapsone (50-200 mg/day)Dermatitis herpetiformis is a bullous lesion in which there is Gluten Hypersensitivity. Treatment -Dapsone*Gluten free diet*Vitamins & minerals | train | med_mcqa | null |
Left Umbilical vein becomes? | [
"Ligamentum teres",
"Ligamentum venosum",
"Medial umbilical ligament",
"Ligamentum aeriosum"
] | A | Ligamentum teres | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common cause of a pleural effusion is | [
"Cirrhosis",
"Left ventricular failure",
"Pulmonary embolism",
"Pneumonia"
] | B | The most common cause of pleural effusion is left ventricular failure. Pleural effusions occur in hea failure when there are increased hydrostatic forces increasing the pulmonary interstitial fluid and the lymphatic drainage is inadequate to remove the fluid.Right-sided effusions are more common than left-sided effusio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Where in the cell does Glycolysis occur? | [
"Cytosol",
"Mitochondria",
"Nucleus",
"Lysosome"
] | A | Glycolysis occurs in Cytosol, whereas TCA cycle occurs in Mitochondrion. | train | med_mcqa | null |
When scaling and root planning, the primary objective of the procedure is to | [
"Cause shrinkage of gingival tissue",
"Create glass - like root surfaces",
"Remove all cementum",
"Restore the gingival tissue to health"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Concentration of sodium in RL is | [
"154",
"120",
"130",
"144"
] | C | Sodium concentrations in various crystalloids and colloid Hamann's (RL) 130mmol/L Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) 154mmol/L Dextrose saline (4% dextrose in 0.18 saline) 30mmol/L Gelofusine 150mmol/L Hemacel 145 mmol/L Hetastarch - Lactated potassium saline injection (Darrow's solution) 121mmol/L Ref: Bailey and love 27th edi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Blood flow to skeletal muscles (ml/min) | [
"100",
"200",
"400",
"800"
] | D | Blood Flow Regulation in Skeletal Muscle at Rest and During Exercise Very strenuous exercise is one of the most stressful condi- tions that the normal circulatory system faces. This is true because there is such a large mass of skeletal muscle in the body, all of it requiring large amounts of blood flow. Also, the card... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What erupts from unerupted tooth : | [
"Dental cyst",
"Dentigerous cyst",
"Both of the above",
"None of the above"
] | B | Essentials for diagnosis of a Dentigerous cyst: Epithelial-lined, developmental, odontogenic cysts. Second most common type of jaw cyst associated with the crown of an impacted, unerupted, or developing tooth. Well-defined, radiolucent, sometimes expansile lesion. Usually slow growing and benign. Initially asymptomatic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The finnish type of congenital nephritic syndrome occurs due to gene mutation affecting the following protein - | [
"Podocin",
"Alpha-actinin",
"Nephrin",
"CD2 activated protein"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Nephrin Congenital nephrotic syndrome o Infant who develop nephrotic syndrome within the first 3 months of life are considered to have congenital nephrotic syndrome. o The most common cause of this syndrome is finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome, an autosomal recessive disorder. o Two most comm... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A study has been done to establish the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. It was found that the association was more in people who exercise less and less in people exercise more. In this situation, exercise is a | [
"Bias",
"Confounding",
"Effect modifier",
"Collinear factor"
] | C | Ans. c. Effect modifier | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is true about Factories Act: | [
"Cannot be employed under 14",
"Cannot be employed under 14 for dangerous jobs",
"Maximum 72 hours per week for adolescents",
"It was can be employed"
] | A | Ans. a. Cannot be employed under 14THE FACTORIES ACTScope: The Act defines factory as an establishment employing 10 or more persons where power is used and 20 or more person where power is not used.Work related rules:Employment of young persons.Employment prohibited foe age less than 14 years.15-18 years old adolescent... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Rule of nine to estimate surface area of a burnt patient was introduced by - | [
"Mortiz Kaposi",
"Alexander Wallace",
"Joseph Lister",
"Thomas Barclay"
] | B | "Rule of nine' has been devised by Palaski and Tennison (1949) and later modified by Wallace (1951). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Spontaneous breathing circuit used in children is - | [
"Jackson Rees modification of Ayre's T piece",
"Mapleson A or Magill's circuit",
"Mapleson C or water's to & fro canister",
"Bain's circuit"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Jackson Rees modification of Ayre's T piece o Repeat from previous sessions | train | med_mcqa | null |
A community has a population of 10,000 and a bih rate of 36 per 1000.5 maternal deaths were repoed in the current year the MMR is - | [
"14.5",
"13.8",
"20",
"5"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 13.8 o You should keep in mind that MMR denotes maternal moality ratio (not maternal moality rate). | train | med_mcqa | null |
Myositis ossificans is due to: | [
"Ossification",
"New bone formation",
"Ossification of subperiosteal haematoma",
"All of the above"
] | D | D i.e. All | train | med_mcqa | null |
NK cells express - | [
"CD 15,CD55",
"CD16,CD56",
"CD 16,CD 57",
"CD21 CD 66"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., CD16, CD56 Null cells (Large granular lymphocytes)o Null cells are called so because they lack features of surface markers of both B and T lymphocytes,o The account for 5 to 10% of peripheral blood lymphocytes.o They are also called "'largegranular lymphocytes (LGL) " as they contain large azurophilic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is bailey maneuver in patients with high risk of larygospasm:- | [
"LMA is inseed just before reversal of patient after removing ETT.",
"During intubation and extubation LMA is used and intraoperative period ETT",
"The deflated LMA is placed behind the in situ ETT. The ETT is removed and the LMA is inflated",
"None of the above"
] | C | When patient has high risk of developing larygospasm baileys maneuvre can be practiced. In which the deflated Laryngeal Mask Airway is placed behind the in situ Endotracheal tube. The ETT is removed and the LMA is inflated. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drug does not act on neuromuscular junction? | [
"Succinylcholine",
"Dantrolene",
"Vecuronium",
"Mivacurium"
] | B | Ans. (B) Dantrolene(Ref: Katzung 13th/e p467-468)Dantrolene is a directly acting muscle relaxant. It does not act at neuromuscular junction Neuromuscular blockersDepolarisingNon-depolarisingSChTubocurarineAtracuriumCis-atracuriumMivacuriumPancuroniumVecuroniumPipecuronium | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following has no role in the diagnosis of childhood TB? | [
"ELISA",
"Mantoux",
"CXR",
"FNAC"
] | A | Lab investigations of pediatric TB
ESR and blood count: No value in diagnosis or follow up of TB.
Demonstration of AFB: Children don't expectorate out sputum, but swallow it. Therefore sputum is not available for examination. A laryngeal swab may be obtained for smear and culture examination for mycobacteria. It is cu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is not a lichenoid reaction? | [
"Lichenoid contact reaction",
"Pemphigus",
"Lichenoid drug eruption",
"Lichenoid reaction of graft versus host disease"
] | B | Lichenoid reactions represent a family of lesions with different etiologies with a common clinical & histological appearance. They include LIchenoid contact reactions, Lichenoid drug eruptions, Lichenoid reaction of graft versus host disease. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is true about Agar hydrocolloid impression material? | [
"Liquefies between 71 - 100°C",
"Solidfies between 50 - 70°C",
"Facilitates fabrication of metal dyes",
"Cannot register fine surface details"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are the requirements of the classification of a partially edentulous arch; Except | [
"It should permit immediate visualization of the type of partially edentulous arch that is being considered.",
"It should permit immediate differentiation between the tooth-supported and the tooth- and tissue-supported removable partial denture.",
"It should be universally acceptable.",
"None of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A child was diagnosed of having Finnish type of nephrotic syndrome. It is caused by defect in following protein: | [
"Nephrin",
"Podocin",
"CD2 activated protein",
"Alpha actinin"
] | A | Congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type is an autosomal recessive disorder, and clinical features are due to mutations of NPHS1 gene which may lead to release of defective protein nephrin. Mutation of NPHS2 codes for podocin causes autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Ref: Genetic Disease... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The cause of oedema in Nephritic syndrome is | [
"Decreased in plasma protein concentration",
"Increased in plasma protein concentration",
"Reduced plasma osmotic pressure",
"Sodium and water retension"
] | D | (Sodium and water retension) (80, 522 - R) (100, 683 - HM) (554- Basic pathology 8th)Patho Physiologic categories of EDEMAIncreased Hydrostatic pressureReduced plasma Osmotic pressure(Hypo proteinemia)Increased venous return* CHF* Constrictive pericarditis* Ascites (liver cirrhosis)* Venous obstruction or compression* ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All require hospitalization except:- | [
"5% burns in children",
"10% scalds in children",
"Electrocution",
"15% deep burns in adults"
] | A | PATIENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING CRITERIA ARE REFERRED TO DESIGNATED BURN CENTER Paial-thickness burns>10% TBSAQ Burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum or major jointsQ Any full-thickness burnQ Electrical burns, including lightning injuryQ Chemical burnsQ Inhalation injuryQ Burns in patients with preexis... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In acute hepatitis B, all are raised except | [
"HBsAg",
"IgM anti-HbC",
"Anti HBsAb",
"Total anti-HbC"
] | B | Anti-HBc total antibodies (all classes of antibodies, ie IgG IgM) also increaseThe serological pattern of Hepatitis B virus:HBe Antigen positive chronic hepatitisHBe Antigen negative chronic hepatitis Replicative phase Non replicative phase HBV DNA ++HBeAg ++Intrahepatocyte HBcAg ++DNA polymerase ++HBV DNA very low HBe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In the RBC series, proliferation occurs at which stage? | [
"Early normoblast",
"Intermediate normoblast",
"Late normoblast",
"Proerythroblast"
] | A | Proliferation occurs at early normoblast Ref : guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:111,112,113 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Liver enzyme showing liver obstruction? | [
"ALP",
"AST",
"ALT",
"Aminotransferase"
] | A | There are 4 isoenzymes for ALP enzyme 1. ALP-I - Intestinal 2. ALP-L- tissue non-specific present mainly in Liver, bone and kidneys 3. ALP-P- Placental Iso enzyme present also called as Regan isoenzyme increased during pregnancy. 4. GC type (Germ cell type) -Present in Germ cell Increased ALP levels are seen in 1. Live... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following is not an atypical antipsychotic - | [
"Thioridazine",
"Clozapine",
"Olanzapine",
"Risperidone"
] | A | Antipsychotics (Neuroleptics)
Antipsychotics are a group of psychoactive drugs commonly used to treat psychosis, e.g. Schizophrenia.
Antipsychotic drugs are divided into:
A) Typical antipsychotics (first-generation antipsychotics)
Phenothiazines - Chlorpromazine, Thioridazine, Trifluoperazine, Fluphenazine.
Thioxan... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 41-year-old woman is known to have multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. She has multiple family members who have had adenoma tumors removed from the parathyroid, pancreas, and/or pituitary glands. She has severe diarrhea associated with low gastric acid secretion and a normal gastrin level. Which of the following s... | [
"Glucagon",
"Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)",
"Cholecystokinin",
"Serotonin"
] | B | VIP producing tumors (VIPomas) are usually malignant, although benign tumors and hyperplasia may also occur. Increase of VIP results in the WDHA syndrome. Diarrhea is severe and results in fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Treatment is directed to removal of the pancreatic tumor. Gastrinoma is more common but is asso... | train | med_mcqa | null |
cause of oedema in Glomenulonephritis is : | [
"Increased hydrostatic pressure.",
"Sodium and water retention.",
"Lymphatic obstruction.",
"Reduced plasma oncotic pressure."
] | B | The nephrotic oedema is classically more severe and marked and is present in the subcutaneous tissues as well as in the visceral organs. The affected organ is enlarged and heavy with tense capsule.
Microscopically, the oedema fluid separates the connective tissue fibres of subcutaneous tissues. Depending upon the prote... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Injury caused by pedestrian in a vehicular accident due to striking to the object on road is known as - | [
"Primary injury",
"Secondary injury",
"Acceleration injury",
"Deceleration injury"
] | B | the synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology; Dr k.s narayan reddy; 28th edition ;pg.no. 148 . Injury caused by the victim's striking object such as the ground comes under secondary injury . | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are features of musculo - cutaneous nerve injury at axilla except : | [
"Loss of flexion of shoulder",
"Loss of flexion of elbow",
"Loss of supination of forearm",
"Loss of sensation on radial side of forearm"
] | A | Musculocutaneous nerve supplies biceps and brachialis. It also gives sensory supply along the radial side of forearm. When it is damaged, it might show the following :
Flexion at elbow weakened (Biceps & Brachialis).
Supination of semiflexed elbow is affected (Biceps).
Sensory loss on radial side of forearm. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Gegenhalten is | [
"Cogwheel rigidity",
"Paratonic rigidity",
"Claspknife rigidity",
"Lead pipe rigidity"
] | B | Paratonic rigidity or Gegenhalten: an erratic, fluctuating, "pseudoactive" increase in resistance to passive movement.On repeated flexing and extending the patient's arm at the elbow, on abruptly ceasing the arm is extended and continues the sequence by flexion(facilitory paratonia) Clasp-knife rigidity: increased tens... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Conjugated and unconjugated bilirubins are increased in: | [
"Prehepatic jaundice",
"Hepatocellular jaundice",
"Posthepatic jaundice",
"Hemolytic jaundice"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prolonged QT interval is not seen in | [
"Hypokalemia",
"Hypocalcemia",
"Hypomagnesemia",
"Hypercalcemia"
] | D | Hypercalcemia: The most common ECG findings of hypercalcemia are a sho QT interval secondary to a shoened ST segment. There may also be a widened or flattened T wave; however, significant hypercalcemia can cause ECG changes that mimic an acute myocardial infarction cuases of prolonged QT Bradycardia Central Nervous Sys... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most impoant feature to diagnose severe pneumonia- | [
"Cyanosis",
"Chect indrawing",
"Nasal flaring",
"Fast breathing"
] | B | <p> classification of pneumonia. Fast breathing is present when the respiratory rate is : 1. 60 breaths/min or more in child < 2 months of age. 2. 50 breaths/min or more in child aged 2-12 months. 3. 40 breaths/min or mote in child 12 months - 5 yrs. VERY SEVERE DISEASE:- 1. Not able to drink 2. Convulsions, abnormally... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Oral contraceptive pills do not decrease risk of : | [
"STDs",
"Benign breast disease",
"Ovarian cyst",
"Ectopic pregnancy"
] | A | STDs | train | med_mcqa | null |
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