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All the given statements are true about PET scan except : | [
"PET is a functional imaging method that allows metabolic scanning.",
"18F-fluorine, 11 C-carbon, 13 N-nitrogen and 15 O-oxygen are positron emitters.",
"18 FDG PET is is not entirely specific to malignant tissue.",
"Half life of 18 F-fluorine is 21 days."
] | D | Positron emission tomography (PET) Is a sensitive and specific functional imaging method that allows metabolic mapping of disease processes . The most widely used tracer, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG), acts as a glucose analogue allowing imaging of glucose utilization, a process that is enhanced in many malignant tumo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Honing machine is used for: | [
"CAD CAM Inlay fabrication",
"Polishing restorations",
"Mechanical sharpening of Instruments",
"Caries detection"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following type of lipoma is prone to develop Intussusception? | [
"Submucous lipoma",
"B, Subserosal lipoma",
"Intramural lipoma",
"Serosal lipoma"
] | A | Ans: A (Submucosal lipoma) Ref: Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery 25th Edition Chapter 66 I Intestinal Obstruction Pages 1191-12 & Donald A. Antonioli, " Gastrointestinal Autonomic Nerve Tumors, expanding the spectrum of gastrointestinal stromal tumors," Arch Pathol Lab Med; 1989: 113: 831-833.Explanation:Intus... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Diabetic neuropathy is a | [
"Distal symmetric sensory polyneuropathy",
"Mononeuritis",
"Autonomic neuropathy",
"All of the above"
] | D | Diabetic neuropathy causes substantial morbidity and increases moality. It is diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and signs, after the exclusion of other causes of neuropathy . Depending on the criteria used for diagnosis, it affects between 50% and 90% of patients with diabetes, and of these, 15-30% will have painful d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
"Demographic bonus" connotes the period when the dependency ratio in a population declines because of :- | [
"Decline in feility",
"Decline in moality",
"Decline in morbidity",
"Increase in longevity"
] | A | "Demographic bonus" connotes the period when the dependency ratio in a population declines because of decline in feility, until it stas to rise again because of increasing longevity. "Demographic burden" is used to connote the increase in the total dependency ratio during any period of time, mostly caused by increased ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause additive anemia and neutropenia if administered to an AIDS patient taking zidovudine? | [
"Acyclovir",
"Amantadine",
"Ganciclovir",
"Stavudine"
] | C | * Ganciclovir is the drug of choice for CMV infections. * It should not be combined with zidovudine because both have bone marrow suppressant propey. * It is an analogue of acyclovir which is most active against CMV. but also inhibits other herpes viruses viz. H.simplex, H. zoster and EBV. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In normal adult Vd/Vt ratio is: | [
"20",
"0.35",
"40",
"50"
] | B | B i.e. 0.35Vd = Dead space volume & Vt = Tidal Volume, so Vd/Vt = 150 = 0.3 100Normal value of Vd/Vt in adults = 0.2 - 0.35Q | train | med_mcqa | null |
The maximum age of this person is:- | [
"Less than 12 years",
"5 years",
"6 years",
"18 years"
] | A | Among 8 carpal bones, Pisiform has not appeared.( it appears at 10- 12years of age ) Trapezium & trapezoid appeared: 6 years Reason: Wrist joint: Center for lower end of radius and ulna appeared, pisiform bone has not appeared; other carpal bones have appeared. Age is more than 6 years and less than 12 years. Minimum a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
What is the content of ethinyl estradiol in very low dose oral contraceptives? | [
"30 Yg",
"25 Yg",
"20 Yg",
"15 Yg"
] | A | <p> Governments of India has made available 2 types of low-dose oral pills under the brand names of MALA-N and MALA-D. It contains ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms and levonorgestrel 0.15 milligrams. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:500. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is false about mucocele of gallbladder? | [
"Complication of gall stones",
"Treatment is early cholecystectomy",
"Obstruction at neck of gall bladder",
"Gallbladder is never palpable"
] | D | Mucocele (Hydrops) Hydrops or mucocele result from prolonged obstruction of the cystic duct, usually by a large solitary calculus. Clinical Features A visible, easily palpable, nontender gallbladder sometimes extending from the RUQ into the right iliac fossa may be found on physical examination. Treatment Early cholecy... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malta fever is caused by - | [
"Treponema pallidum",
"Borrelia burgdorferi",
"Brucella melitensis",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
MC commensal gut flora in adult - | [
"Lactobacillus",
"Bacteroides",
"E. coli",
"Klebsiella"
] | B | In the human intestines, Anaerobes out number aerobic bacteria a thousand fold
Among anaerobes Bacteroides are in predominant number in human gut flora. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following condition is necessary prerequisite for this change? | [
"Rupture of membranes",
"Scanty liquor amnii",
"Adequate liquor amnii",
"Air inside the uterine cavity"
] | C | Ans. (C). Adequate liquor amniiThe photograph shows maceration, a sign of intrauterine death.Conditions favoring maceration: Intact membranes; adequate liquor amnii & NO air. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 15-year-old boy presented in an unconscious state and on connecting the ECG electrodes, atrial fibrillation was diagnosed. The relatives told the doctor that the boy had similar episodes of syncope in the past as well. Lab studies revealed normal potassium and calcium levels, normal CK-MB levels. The patient died of ... | [
"SCN5A",
"KCN5A",
"CCN5A",
"PCN5A"
] | A | THIS IS A CLASSICAL CASE OF BRUGADA SYNDROME. Syncope and cardiac arrest are the most common clinical manifestations leading to the diagnosis of Brugada syndrome. Males are more commonly affected than females. Mutations involving cardiac sodium channels (SCN5A) are identified in ~25% of cases. Administration of the sod... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common sinus involved in acute sinusitis? | [
"Ethmoid",
"Maxillary",
"Sphenoid",
"Frontal"
] | B | The sinus most commonly involved is the maxillary followed in turn by ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid. (Ref: Diseases of ENT, PL Dhingra, 7th edition, of no. 213) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Neglected Whitlow may lead to necrosis of | [
"Distal 4/5th of terminal phalanx",
"Whole of tip of terminal phalanx",
"Only the tip of terminal phalanx",
"None of the above"
] | A | Pulp space of fingers contains subcutaneous fat arranged in tight compaments. These compaments are formed by fibrous septa extending from the skin to the periosteum of terminal phalanx. Whitlow or pulp space infection is treated by lateral incision Complication is ischemic necrosis of distal 4/5 the of terminal phalanx... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Max risk of stroke after TIA: | [
"First 48 hours",
"First week",
"First month",
"First year"
] | A | Ans. a. First 48 hoursTransient ischemic attack (TIA) is sudden, transitory loss of neurologic function that comes on without headache and resolves spontaneously within 24 hours (but usually lasts less than 1 hour), leaving no neurologic sequelae.The specific symptoms depend on the area of the brain affected, which is ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is absent in normal pulp | [
"Mast cells",
"Antigen presenting cells",
"T lymphocytes",
"Macrophages"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Transfer of some chromosomal material from one bacteria uses - | [
"F factor",
"R factor",
"Transfer factor",
"All"
] | D | Ans. is 'a > c > b' i.e., F factor > Transfer factor > R factor The plasmid which is responsible for conjugation is called as transfer factor. The plasmid may be R-factor, which codes for transferrable multiple drug resistance. But, some plasmids have the ability to mobilize the chromosomal genes of bacteria it is call... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The best suited anticogulant for osmotic fragility test is: | [
"Heparin",
"EDTA",
"Trisodium citrate",
"Potassium oxalate"
] | A | Ans. (a) Heparin(Ref: Dacie 11th/pg246)Best suited anticogulant for osmotic fragility test is Heparin.Heparinized venous blood or defibrinated blood may also be usedOxalated or citrated blood is not suitable because of the additional salts added to it. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is an impoant functional parameter of pain receptors? | [
"Exhibit little or no adaptation",
"Not affected by muscle tension",
"Signal only flexion at joint capsules",
"Can voluntarily be inhibited"
] | A | Pain receptors exhibit little or no functional adaptation. Its impoance is that it allows the pain to keep the person apprised of a tissue-damaging stimulus as long as it persists. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The commonest cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is : | [
"Carcinoma parathyroid",
"Solitary adenoma of parathyroid",
"Chronic renal failure",
"Hyperplasia of the parathyroid"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' Parathyroid adenoma (Ref Harrison, 17/e, p 2380 & 16/e, p 2252 (15/e, p 2210)).Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is parathyroid adenoma. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Acetyl-CoA generated from the metabolism of fatty acid can be conveed into all of the following, except: | [
"Glucose",
"Fatty Acids",
"Cholesterol",
"Ketone bodies"
] | A | In humans and animals Acetyl-CoA cannot be used to synthesise glucose. Pyruvate or oxaloacetate is needed as the staing material for glucose production gluconeogenesis. Humans and animals do not possess the enzymes needed to conve Acetyl-CoA to pyruvate. Ref: General, Organic and Biological Chemistry By H. Stephen Stok... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Malta fever is caused by: | [
"Legionella",
"Borrelia burgdorferi",
"Brucella melitensis",
"Pseudomonas"
] | C | Ans. (c) Brucella melitensis | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hypoglycemia in neonates occurs in blood glucose less than | [
"20 mg%",
"40 mg%",
"60 mg%",
"10mg%"
] | B | B. i.e. (40%) (177 - Ghai 6th) (155. Ghai 7th)NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA is defined as blood glucose of less than 40 mg/dL irrespective of the gestational age* Early transitional adaptive hypoglycemia occurs in LBW and babies of diabetic mothers* Classical transient neonatal hypoglycemia is observed in infants with small fo... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alcoholic hyaline, in alcoholic liver disease is composed of | [
"Lipofuscin",
"Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions",
"Basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions",
"Hemozoin"
] | B | mallory body or hyaline degeneration consist of dense eosinophilic ropey cytoplasmic inclusion body GENERAL AND SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY RAMDAS NAYAK PGNO.449 IMAGE REF: | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cardiomegaly is seen in – | [
"Multivalvular disease",
"Anemia",
"Pericardial effusion",
"All of these"
] | D | Causes of Cardiomegaly
Myocardial disease
Endocardial fibroelastosis o Glycogen storage disease
Myocarditis (viral or idiopathic)
Coronary artery diseases resulting in myocardial insufficiency
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery
Collagen disease (peria... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Receptor seen in this region is | [
"Merkel cell",
"Meissner's corpuscle",
"Paccinian corpuscle",
"Ruffini's receptor"
] | B | Receptor Location Function 1. Meissner Dermo-epidermal junction Rapidly adapting two- point discrimination 2. Pacinian corpuscle Deeper dermis Rapidly adapting pressure & vibration 3. Ruffini Deeper dermis Slowly adapting 4. Merkel disc Basal layer of epidermis Slowly adapting light touch sensation. Reading braille - M... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Horizontal rotational tendency is seen in a mandibular class I RPD to the patients left is resisted by the denture bases by | [
"The Lingual slope of the left alveolar ridge and the buccal slope of the right alveolar ridge",
"The lingual slope of the right alveolar ridge and buccal slope of the left alveolar ridge",
"By the lingual slope of the right and left alveolar ridge",
"By the buccal slope of the left and right alveolar ridge"
... | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Staghorn calculus is made of | [
"Oxalate",
"Phosphate",
"Uric acid",
"Cystine"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Muscles of rotator cuff are all EXCEPT: | [
"Teres major",
"Teres minor",
"Infraspinatous",
"Supraspinatous"
] | A | 55. Ans. (a) Teres majorRef: BDC 6th ed. vol. I / 68-69, 73* The rotator cuff is a group of tendons and muscles in the shoulder, connecting the upper arm (humerus) to the shoulder blade (scapula). The rotator cuff tendons provide stability to the shoulder; the muscles allow the shoulder to rotate.The Muscles in the Rot... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Glue Ear shows | [
"Cart wheel appearance of Tympanic membrane",
"Blue Tympanic membrane with Air bubbles",
"Purulent discharge",
"Painful Ear"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Causes of breech presentation are:a) Hydrocephalusb) Oligohydramniosc) Pelvic contracture d) Placenta praevia | [
"acd",
"ad",
"bc",
"bde"
] | A | At 28 weeks of pregnancy, approximately 20% of women have breech presentation. The fetus undergoes spontaneous version usually between 30th and 34th week. This corrects the breech position such that, at term only 3% of pregnant women have breech presentation.
Any maternal or fetal condition, which prevents this spontan... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Raschkow is separated from odontoblasts by | [
"Cell rich zone",
"Cell free zone",
"Fibrous zone",
"Zone of blood vessels"
] | B | Sensory nerve fibers that originate from inferior and superior alveolars innervate the odontoblastic layer of the pulp cavity. These nerves enter the tooth through the apical foramen as myelinated nerve bundles. They branch to form the subodontoblastic nerve plexus of Reschkow which Is separated from the odontoblasts b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Biopsy of a long bone was taken and the histology is shown below. Which of the following is the likely diagnosis? | [
"Osteoporosis",
"Osteosclerosis",
"Osteomalacia",
"Paget's disease"
] | D | Paget's disease -Characterized by:- - Mosaic pattern of lamellar bone - Measles: SQSTM 1 gene involved in pathogenesis | train | med_mcqa | null |
True positivity is indicated by- | [
"Sensitivity",
"Specificity",
"Predictive value",
"Validity"
] | A | .the term sensitivity is defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly al those who have the disease,that is true positive. ref:park&;s textbook,22nd edition,pg no 131 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Atracurium is metabolized by - | [
"Conjugation",
"Hoffman degradation",
"Pseudocholineaterase",
"Methylation"
] | B | Ans. B. Hoffman degradationThe unique feature of atracurium is inactivation in plasma by spontaneous non enzymatic degradation (Hofmann elimination).Consequently its duration of action is not altered in patients with hepatic/renal insufficiency or hyperdynamic circulation ---> Hence, preferred muscle relaxant for such ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most important source of infection for meningococci - | [
"Case",
"Subclinical case",
"Carriers",
"Latent case"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pneumococcus can be differentiated from streptococcus by | [
"Type of hemolysis",
"Gram staining",
"Growth characteristics",
"Bile solubility"
] | D | Bile solubility test: Streptococcus pneumoniae are bile soluble. If a few drops of 10% sodium deoxycholate solution are added to 1 ml of an overnight broth culture, the culture clears due to the Lysis of cocci. Alternatively, if a loopful of 10 % deoxycholate solution is placed on a Streptococcus pneumoniae colony on b... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are features of Borderline tumors except: | [
"Occurs in younger age",
"Mitotic figures <9/10 per high power filed",
"Very good prognosis",
"Stromal invasion seen"
] | D | Ans. is d, i.e. Stromal invasionRef: Shaw gynae 15th/ed, p373-374Malignant tumor has 2 characteristics different from borderline tumors:(i) Stromal invasion present (it is absent in borderline tumor).(ii) Mitosis >=4/10 per high power field, (in borderline <4/10 per high power) | train | med_mcqa | null |
Beta blockers are antiarrhythmic agents of class | [
"1",
"11",
"111",
"1V"
] | B | Refer kDT 6/e p 511 The five main classes in the Vaughan Williams classification of antiarrhythmic agents are: Class I agents interfere with the sodium (Na+) channel. Class II agents are anti-sympathetic nervous system agents. ... Class III agents affect potassium (K+) efflux. Class IV agents affect calcium channels an... | train | med_mcqa | null |
HER-2/NEU receptor gene mutation is seen in which cancer? | [
"Squamous cell carcinoma",
"Breast cancer",
"Glioblastoma",
"All of the above"
] | B | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition. HER 2/ neu is a EGF receptor proto oncogene also called ERB B2 its amplification is associated with cancer of breast, ovary ,stomach and lungs.. | train | med_mcqa | null |
IUGR is defined when: | [
"Birth weight is below the tenth percentile of the average of gestational age",
"Birth weight is below the 20 percentile of the average of gestational age",
"Birth weight is below the 30 percentile of the average of gestational age",
"Weight of baby is less than 1000 gm"
] | A | Ans. is a, i.e. Birth weight is below the tenth percentile of the average of gestational ageRef Dutta Obs. 7/e, p 461Intrauterine growth restriction is said to be present in those babies whose birth weight is below the tenth percentile of the average for the gestational age. | train | med_mcqa | null |
According to American College of Rheumatology, all of the following are clinical criteria for the diagnosis of osteoahritis, EXCEPT: | [
"Lack of warmth",
"Atrophy of quadriceps muscles",
"Crepitus",
"Age > 50 years"
] | B | Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of osteoahritis, established by the American College of Rheumatology, include: Age > 50 years Stiffness < 30 minutes Crepitus Bony tenderness Bony enlargement Lack of warmth The presence of 3 of these 6 criteria in the patient with chronic knee pain is 95% sensitive and 69% specific ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Syndrome of internal iliac aery occlusion manifested by | [
"Pain in calf",
"Absent pulse at the dorsalis pedis aery",
"Intermittent claudication",
"Gangrene"
] | B | Aerial pulses It is standard practice to examine the femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis aeries together with the abdomen for an aoic aneurysm or renal aery bruit, which may coexist with lower limb occlusive disease. Diminution of a femoral and/or popliteal pulse can often be appreciated by comparin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Extranodal marginal zone (MALT) lymphomas can involve thymus in the setting of: | [
"HIV",
"SLE",
"Sjogrens syndrome",
"Crohns disease"
] | C | Extranodal marginal zone (MALT) lymphomas It involve the thymus in the setting of Sjogren's syndrome or other autoimmune disorders The lymphoma cells often express IgA instead of IgM on their surface. Other tumors that involve thymus: Castleman's disease Germ cell tumors Carcinoid tumors thymoma. Ref: Harrison, E-18, C... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In xerophthalmia classification X2 stage is - | [
"Bitots spots",
"Corneal xerosis",
"Corneal ulceration",
"Corneal scar"
] | B | xeraphthalmia:- *The most characteristic and specific signs of vitamin A deficiency are eye lesions. *These develop before the age of 2years. *The term xerophthalmia comprises all the occular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency. WHO classification (1982) *The new xerophthalmia classification is as follows: *XN Night... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common cause of ectopic ACTH production - | [
"Renal cell carcinoma",
"Hepatocellular carcinoma",
"Small cell carcinoma lung",
"Pheochromacytoma"
] | C | Ectopic ACTH can be secreted from original cancer tissues or metastatic lesions of SCLC. ... We repo a case of SCLC with Cushing syndrome due to EAS from the original tumor tissue in a 69-year-old male presenting with severe hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypeension without any respiratory symptoms Ref Harrison ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 6-year-old child has a DQ of 50. Which of the following can the child do? | [
"Identify colors",
"Read a sentence",
"Ride a bicycle",
"Copy a triangle"
] | A | a. Identify colors(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 65-77, Ghai 8/e p 52-53)DQ=Developmentalagex100/actualage.In the given question, a 6 year old child has a DQ of 50; so his developmental age is 3 years.So, he can do milestones corresponding to 3 years age only; At 3 years, a child can name 2 colors and at 5 years, 4 colors. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A female child has recently learned to eat with spoon without spilling; to dress and undress herself with supervision and to understand that she is a girl. These skills are FIRST mastered between the ages: September 2012 | [
"2 and 3 years",
"3 and 4 years",
"4 and 5 years",
"5 and 6 years"
] | A | Ans. A i.e. 2 and 3 years Impoant milestones Copies circle: 3 years Crawls: 11 months Child smiles at familiar persons: 2 months Head control: 3 month Sits with own suppo/ tripod fashion: 6 months Sits without suppo: 8 months Transfer object from one hand to other: 6 months Says mama dada: 10 months Self decisions: 7 y... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following are true about glucose transport in kidney except | [
"Sodium Glucose symport is an example of primary active transport",
"GLUT - 2 receptors are present along basolaterl membrane",
"Defective SGLT - 2 leads to isolated renal glycosuria",
"Transport maximum for glucose is 2 oomg / dL"
] | A | Sodium glucose linked transporter is an example of secondary active transport. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Triple assessment for carcinoma breast includes: September 2012 | [
"History, clinical examination & mammogram",
"History, clinical examination & FNAC",
"USG, Mammogram & FNAC",
"Clinical examination, Mammogram & FNAC"
] | D | Ans. D i.e. Clinical examination, Mammogram & FNAC | train | med_mcqa | null |
Floor of 4th ventricle is not formed by ? | [
"Sulcus limitans",
"Anterior medullary velum",
"Posterior surface of pons",
"Posterior surface of medulla"
] | C | Floor of the fouh ventricle is not formed by Anterior medullary velum.Anterior medullary velum forms the roof.All the other options are associated with the floor of the ventricle. Fouh ventricle: It is a tent like structure, it is situated in front of the cerebellum and behind the pons and upper half of the medulla obl... | train | med_mcqa | null |
RNTCP is staed after an evaluation of the previous programme by a committee in 1992. How it differ from previous programme? | [
"Active case finding",
"Prophylactic vaccines to newborn",
"Strategy for multi drug resistant TB cases",
"Unsupervised sho course therapy"
] | C | Active case finding and unsupervised sho course therapy are features of previous programme. Dots plus is a strategy under development of the management of multidrug resistant TB. Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 179 | train | med_mcqa | null |
In starvation, last to disappear: JIPMER 10 | [
"Buccal fat",
"Fat around the abdomen",
"Fat around the eyes",
"Fat in the mesentery"
] | A | Ans. Buccal fat | train | med_mcqa | null |
A man presented with a 3 day H/o lacrimation redness and discharge from left eye. Later on he developed perforation. Discharge from his eye demonstrated gram negative cocci which were oxidase positive. Which of the following can be the probable organism? | [
"Pseudomonas",
"Acinetobacter",
"Neissera gonorrhoea",
"Moraxella catarrhalis"
] | C | Ans. (c) Neisseria Gram negative oxidase positive bacteria can be none other than neisseria, and here in this case it is N. gonococci. Occular gonorrhea in adults Results from autoinoculation from an infected genital site Manifestations range from mild to very severe Severe signs include markedly swollen eyelid, chemos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
MC late complication of central venous line: March 2013 (f) | [
"Air embolism",
"Thromboembolism",
"Cardiac arrhythmias",
"Sepsis"
] | D | Ans. D i.e. Sepsis Central venous lines (CVLs) They are routinely used for monitoring and the administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and medications in almost all critical / intensive care units (CCUs). Central venous access is normally obtained by cannulation of the internal jugular, the subclan, or the fe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is fastest calcium lowering agents | [
"Calcitonin",
"Plicamycin",
"Etidronate",
"Zoledronate"
] | A | Refer CMDT 2010/801 Bisphoshonates are the treatment of choice for hypercalcemia of malignancy but require 48-72 hours before reaching full therapeutic effect Calcitonin may be helpful to treat hypercalcemia before the onset of action of bisphoshonates | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true regarding idiopathic edema of women except - | [
"It is due in estrogen mediated sodium retention",
"It is not related to menstrual cycles",
"There is increased water retention in upright position",
"ACE inhibitors can be useful in some cases"
] | A | Idiopathic edema is a common cause of fluid retention and swelling (edema) in women. "Idiopathic" means that the cause of this condition is unknown. Idiopathic edema occurs in the absence of hea, kidney, or liver disease. It is often associated with diabetes, obesity, and emotional problems. The edema may develop perio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The Colposcopic features suggestive of malignancy are all except : | [
"Condyloma",
"Vascular atypia",
"Punctation",
"White epithelium"
] | D | White epithelium | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are examples of Independent variables except: | [
"Cause",
"Predisposing factors",
"Risk factor",
"Outcome"
] | D | Variables:
Independent variable
Eg: Cause, predisposing factor, risk factor
Can be manipulated
Dependent variable
Eg: Outcome, result, effect
Cannot be controlled or manipulated | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is responsible for Bezold-Jarisch Reflex | [
"Serotonin",
"Histamine",
"Prostaglandin",
"Angiotensin"
] | A | Ans. (a) Serotonin(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.592, 662)Bezold-Jarisch reflexIntracardiac injections of chemicals like serotonin, veratridine, capsaicin, phenylbiguanide activates this reflexAfferents for this reflex travel through unmyelinated vagal C fiber endingsThe reflex responses are:#Apnea followed by rapid breathing... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Commonest cause for grommet insertion- | [
"Secretory otitis media",
"Otosclerosis",
"CSOM",
"Cholesteatoma"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Water hammer pulse seen in - | [
"Aortic stenosis",
"Aortic regurgitation",
"Aortic stenosis and Aortic regurgitation",
"Mitral regurgitation"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sho gastric aery is a branch of | [
"Splenic aery",
"Left gastroduodenal aery",
"Left gastroepiploic aery",
"Poal vein"
] | A | Sho gastric aery is a branch of the splenic aery. Splenic aery gives it branches to branches to pancreas, sho gastric aery, left gastroepiploic and posterior gastric. right gastroepiploic is not its branch. ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg277 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) Donors are included in Maastricht category: | [
"2",
"3",
"4",
"5"
] | B | ORGAN DONORS - Organ donors are of two types: Dead or deceased donors & living donors. Maastricht classification for donation after circulatory death (DCD) Donors Category Description (DRACUla) 1 Dead on arrival at hospital 2 Resuscitation attempted without success 3 Awaiting cardiac arrest after withdrawal of suppo (M... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 60 year old man with optic disc swelling in the right eye and optic atrophy in left eye optic atrophy most likely has | [
"Left sphenoid ridge meningioma",
"Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy",
"Left optic nerve glioma",
"Anterior Ischemic optic neuropathy"
] | D | This is a case of pseudo foster Kennedy syndrome.- It is characterized by occurrence of unilateral papilloedema associated with raised intracranial pressure (due to any cause) and a pre-existing optic atrophy (due to any cause) on the other side. It is caused most commonly by bilateral sequential anterior ischemic opti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A person with tuberculosis on domiciliary treatment is expected to do all, except ? | [
"Dispose sputum safely",
"Use separate vessels",
"Collect drugs regularly",
"Repo to PHC if new symptoms arise"
] | B | <p> Use of seperate vessels are not needed. Domiciliary treatment :self administration of (oral) drugs by patients themselves without recourse to hospitalisation. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,21st edition,of no:119,172-75, park 23rd edition,page no:187. <\p> | train | med_mcqa | null |
Persistent Moro's reflex at 6–7 months indicates – | [
"Normal child",
"Brain damage",
"Hungry child",
"Irritable child"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Child rights are guaranteed in which article of the constitution – a) Article 24b) Article 28c) Article 35d) Article 42e) Article 45 | [
"ae",
"b",
"ab",
"ad"
] | A | Articles on Child rights in our Constitution: | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 48-year old woman comes with bilateral progressive weakness of both lower limbs, spasticity and mild impairement of respiratory movements. MRI shows an intradural mid-dorsal midline enhancing lesion. What is the diagnosis? | [
"Intradural lipoma",
"Meningioma",
"Neuroenteric cyst",
"Dermoid cyst"
] | B | CNS Tumor Intra-axial Extra-axial Neuronal Astrocytoma (Glioma) Lymphoma Pituitary Schwannoma Meningioma Ref: Harrison 19th edition Pgno: 602 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice? | [
"Periampullary carcinoma",
"Carcinoma gall bladder",
"Carcinoma head of pancreas",
"CBD stones"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., CBD Stones Most common surgical cause of obstructive jaundice is choledocholithiasis | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient was brought to the hospital with a history of RTA eight hours back. A few drops of blood is noted at the external urethral meatus. He has not passed urine and his bladder is palpable per abdomen. The probable diagnosis is : | [
"Urethral injury",
"Rupture bladder",
"Urethral injury with extravasation of urine in the retroperitoneum",
"Anuria due to hypovolemia"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e. Urethral injury Blood at urethral meatus and urine retention are suggestive of urethral injury. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Essential fructosuria is due to the deficiency of which enzyme? | [
"Aldolase A",
"Aldolase B",
"Fructokinase",
"Glucokinase"
] | C | Ans. (c) FructokinaseRef: Harper, pg. 169"Deficiencies in the enzymes of fructose and galactose metabolism lead to essential fructosuria and galactosemias""Lack of hepatic fructokinase causes essential fructosuria, and absence of hepatic aldolase B, which cleaves fructose 1-phosphate,leads to hereditary fructose intole... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ductus-dependent congenital hea lesions is a type of | [
"Distributive shock",
"Obstructive shock",
"Hypovolaemic shock",
"Cardiogenic shock"
] | B | Ductus dependent congenial cardiac lesions represent a decreased in cardiac output secondary to direct impediment to right- or left-hea outflow or restriction of all cardiac chambers. Ref:- Nelson&;s textbook of paediatrics | train | med_mcqa | null |
The side effect of phenytoin when its plasma concentration is above therapeutic level is : | [
"Ataxia",
"Gum hypertrophy",
"Osteomalacia",
"Hirsutism"
] | A | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following antiepileptic agents acts on the GABAergic system to decrease the uptake of GABA into neurons and glial cells ? | [
"Vigabatrin",
"Progabide",
"Gabapentin",
"Tiagabine"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Fever of Unknown Origin is caused by the following organisms in a farmer, who raised goats | [
"Brucella melitensis",
"Clostridium novyi",
"Mycobactrium tuberculosis",
"Plasmodium vivax"
] | A | (A) Brucella melitensis # BRUCELLOSIS is a zoonosis, primarily affecting goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, pigs and other animals and transmitted to humans by contact with infected animals or through their products. Acute brucellosis is mostly due to Br. melitensis. (It is usually known as undulant fever, but this is mi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are seen in 3rd nerve palsy except? | [
"Ptosis",
"Diplopia",
"Miosis",
"Outwards eye deviation"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
How many doses of MMR are given: September 2007 | [
"1",
"2",
"3",
"4"
] | A | Ans. A: 1 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Ketone bodies cannot be utilized by which of the following? | [
"Skeletal muscle",
"Red blood cells",
"Brain",
"Heart"
] | B | Ans. b. Red blood cells (Ref: Harper's 27/e p190-191)Ketone bodies cannot be utilized Red blood cells.Substrate utilized for energy productionOrganFedFastingStarvationBrainGlucoseGlucoseKetone bodiesQHeartFatty acidQFatty acidKetone bodiesLiverGlucoseFatty acidAmino acidMusclesGlucoseFatty acidFatty acidHeart utilizes ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Role of Ubiquitin in cell - | [
"Energy dependent protein folding",
"Energy independent protein folding",
"Energy dependent protein degradation",
"Energy independent protein degradation"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Energy dependent protein degradation o There are two major enzyme systems responsible for degradation of damaged or unneeded proteins1) Ubiquitin-proteosome proteolytic pathway# Defective protein is first covalently attached to ubiquitin. Covalent bond is formed between glycine (a- carboxyl group) of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pneumothorax is seen in all, except? | [
"Marfan syndrome",
"Assisted ventilation",
"Eosinophilic granuloma",
"Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis"
] | D | Answer is D (Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis) Bronehoptilmoi.ary Aspergillosis has not been mentioned as a cause for pneumothorax. Aificial ventilation is an established cause for iatrogenic pneumothorax while Marfan's syndrome and Eosinophilic granuloma are established causes for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Cataract blindness is: | [
"Preventable",
"Curable",
"Avoidable",
"Curable and avoidable"
] | B | Ans. Curable | train | med_mcqa | null |
Visual loss in diabetic retinopathy is due to all except: | [
"Cataract formation",
"Background diabetic retinopathy",
"Ischaemic maculopathy",
"Vitreous hemorrhage"
] | B | Ans. Background diabetic retinopathy | train | med_mcqa | null |
The enzymes involved in Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6- phosphate are: | [
"Hexokinase",
"Glucokinase",
"Phosphofructokinase",
"Both A. and B."
] | D | Ans. D. Both (a) and (b)This is the first regulatory enzyme of Glycolysis. Hexokinase is present in all the tissues whereas Glucokinase is present only in the liver and is regulated by Insulin. It has high km and low affinity for glucose. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is least absorbable in renal tubules? | [
"Creatinine",
"Glucose",
"Urea",
"Sucrose"
] | A | Creatinine is an end product of creatine metabolism and is expoed into our blood continuously by skeletal muscle. The rate is propoional to skeletal muscle mass, and to the extent that muscle mass is constant in a given individual, the creatinine production is constant. Creatinine is freely filtered and not reabsorbed.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Neither raised nor depressed is – | [
"Macule",
"Plaque",
"Nodule",
"Papule"
] | A | Macule and patch are flat lesions, i.e. they are neither raised nor depressed. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Infantile polycystic disease is- | [
"Autosomal dominant",
"Autosomal recessive",
"X-linked",
"Multifactorial genetic disease"
] | B | Robbins basic pathology 6th edition, page no.940. polycystuc kidney disease can be an adult type or childhood type. The childhood type or infantile type is an autosomal ressesive, while the other is autosomal dominant. With this autoaomal ressesive inheritance the infant may succumb rapidly into renal failure. | train | med_mcqa | null |
High HDL cholesterol is seen in? | [
"Abetalipoproteinemia",
"Hyperalphalipoproteinemia",
"Sitosterolemia",
"Dysbetalipoproteinemia"
] | B | Hyperalphalipoproteinemia Elevated Apo-A-I and Apo-A-II -Elevated HDL. Paradoxically have a higher incidence of hea disease. Abetalipoproteinemia Low cholesterol and triglycerides. Present in infancy with diarrhea and fat malabsorption. Neurological features develop with loss of DTR, reduced vibration and proprioceptio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Sarcoidosis is associated with - | [
"Band keratopathy",
"Systemic amylodosis",
"Angioid streaks",
"Cataracts nigra"
] | A | This is a commom condition in chronic uveitis,especially in blind shrunken eyes and in children suffering from Still disease. Occasionally it is associated with hyperparathyroidism,vitamin D poisoning or sarcoidosis. REF:Parsons' disease of eye,20th edition,pgno.201. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Buerger disease triad involves all except | [
"Raynaud’s Phenomenon",
"Thrombophlebitis of migratory superficial vein",
"Intermittent Claudication",
"None of the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
When is the World No Tobacco Day celebrated? | [
"1st May",
"31st May",
"1st August",
"31st August"
] | B | World no tobacco day is celebrated on 31st May. Ref: Health policies and programmes in India, D.K. Taneja 11th edition page: 368 | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trauma to spleen in a stable patient is best diagnosed by: September 2005, March 2008 | [
"X-ray abdomen",
"USG",
"CT scan",
"diagnostic peritoneal lavage"
] | C | Ans. C: CT scan Plain radiographs demonstrate a wide variety of abnormal findings. The constitution of findings reflects whether the spleen has sustained capsular rupture. Normal findings on chest and abdominal radiographs do not exclude splenic injury. USG/Focused abdominal sonar for trauma (FAST) is commonly used as ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Succinylcholine is contraindicated in? | [
"Hyperkalemia",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hypercalcemia",
"Hypocalcemia"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hyperkalemia * Sch can cause dangerous hyperkalemia in and is contraindicated in:1. Burn, massive trauma, crush injury2. Severe intraabdominal infection (sepsis),3. Spinal cord injury, hemiplegia /paraplagia4. Muscular dystrophy, gb syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, myasthenia gravis,5. Severe parkinsonism, t... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient presented with acute onset of jaundice and raised aminotranferases. Preliminary serology repo showed HBsAg positivity. On fuher testing, which of the following is least likely to be found in this patient? | [
"HBeAg",
"Anti-HBs antibodies",
"HBV DNA",
"HBV DNA polymerase"
] | B | HBsAg appears before the onset of symptoms and peaks in acute, symptomatic disease. HBsAg persists in cases of chronic hepatitis B. Anti-HBs antibody begins to rise following the resolution of acute disease, generally after the disappearance of HBsAg. Anti-HBs antibodies tend to persist for life, conferring protection;... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about fragile-X syndrome | [
"Triple nucleotide repeat sequence",
"Chromosome breaking",
"Mitochondrial mutation",
"Centrachrome absent"
] | A | Triplet Repeat Mutations: Fragile X Syndrom Fragile X syndrome is the prototype of diseases in which the causative mutation occurs in a long repeating sequence of three nucleotides. Other examples of diseases associated with trinucleotide repeat mutations are Huntington disease and myotonic dystrophy. About 40 diseases... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All of the following is used in treatment of women having stress incontinence associated with intrinsic sphincter deficiency, except | [
"Pubovaginal slings",
"Urethral bulking agent injection",
"Tension - free vaginal tape",
"Needle suspension procedures"
] | D | Needle suspension is where proximal urethra is suspended by anterior abdominal wall.
It has low long - term success rates, so no longer recommended. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Possible source of “SECOND SIGNAL” to a bound Bcell by specific antigen include | [
"EB virus",
"Endotoxin",
"Antigen specific T-cell",
"plasma cells."
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Regarding color vision, which of the following is TRUE? | [
"Independent of wavelength of light",
"Depends on intensity discrimination",
"Involves opponent color cells",
"Minimum at fixation point"
] | C | The color opponent process is a color theory that states that the human visual system interprets information about color by processing signals from cones and rods in an antagonistic manner. The opponent-process theory states that the cone photoreceptors are linked together to form three opposing color pairs: blue/yello... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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