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Community-acquired Neonatal Pneumonia treatment of choice –
[ "Cefotaxime + Amikacin", "Ampicillin + Chloramphenicol", "Ampicillin + Gentamicin", "Metronidazole + Amikacin" ]
C
Antibiotic treatment for Neonatal pneumonia should cover the common causative bacteria namely. E-coli Staphylococcus Aureus Klebsiella pneumonie Antibiotic therapy for neonatal infections Neonatal pneumonia Ampicillin + Gentamicin Neonatal Meningitis Ampicillin + Gentamicin + Chloramphenicol or Cefotoxime and genta...
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A 21yrs. old pt. attended a party the previous night and gives the following symptoms - pain in abdomen radiating to back, pulse 100/min, BP 100/76 temp 39°C and vomiting before coming Most probable dx is :
[ "Acute appendicitis", "Acute cholecystitis", "Acute diverticulitis", "Acute pancreatitis" ]
D
null
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All are causes of Horner's syndrome except
[ "Pancoast tumour", "Lateral Medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome", "Internal carotid aery dissection", "Neurosyphilis" ]
D
Pancoast tumor is a tumor in apex of lung which can compress the sympathetic trunk and leads to horner syndrome. Wallenberg syndrome due to aerial hemorrhage or infarct can damage the sympathetic chain running in lateral aspect of medulla and can leads to horner syndrome. Internal carotid aery dissection can damage the...
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All are associated with coarctation of aoa, excepts
[ "Patent ductus aeriosus", "Renal aery stenosis", "Bicuspid aoic valve", "Turner's syndrome" ]
B
Coarctation occurs in ~7% of patients with congenital hea disease, is more common in males than females, and is paicularly frequent in patients with gonadal dysgenesis (e.g., Turner syndrome). Clinical manifestations depend on the site and extent of obstruction and the presence of associated cardiac anomalies; most com...
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Aerial carbon dioxide level
[ "40 mm Hg", "37 mm Hg", "45 mm Hg", "60 mm Hg" ]
A
A i.e. 40 mmHg
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30 year old female with partial seizure. Drug of choice:
[ "Phenytoin", "Na+ valproate", "Phenobarbitone", "Carbamazepine" ]
D
Ans. (d) CarbamazepineRef. Harrison's 19th ed. / 2552* Given the choices the answer will be Carbamazepine* According to Harrisons 19th ed. the current recommendable drug for GTCS is LAMOTRIGINE > Carbamazepine
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The early changes in coicosteroid-induced cataract are in the form of:
[ "Central posterior subcapsular lens changes", "Anterior coical lens changes", "Nuclear changes", "Diffuse lens changes" ]
A
Ans. Central posterior subcapsular lens changes
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Arrange the steps of spermatogenesis in the sequence of their formation.(AIIMS May 2019) a) Spermatid b) Spermatocyte c) Spermatogonium d) Spermatozoa
[ "C>B >A>D", "B>C >A>D", "C>B>D>A", "D>C >B>A" ]
A
The sequence is as described in the image. Staing from primordial germ cell -spermatogonium - primary spermatocyte - secondary spermatocyte - spermatid - spermatozoa(sperm).
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WBC cast is seen in ?
[ "Pyelonephritis", "Glomerulonephritis", "Chronic renal failure", "Hyaline cast" ]
A
Ans. (a) PyelonephritisCauses of WBC castsCauses of RBC Casts* Acute pyelonephritis* Interstitial nephritis* Lupus nephritis* Acute Glomerulonephritis* Goodpasture Syndrome* Lupus nephritis* Renal infarction* Right sided heart failure* Renal vein thrombosis* Polyarteritis Nodosa
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A 70-year-old man presents with regurgitation of food, dysphagia, halitosis, and a sensation of 'lump in the throat'.
[ "Pharyngeal pouch", "Carcinoma esophagus", "Diffuse esophageal spasm", "Esophageal Dysmotility" ]
A
Ans. A Pharyngeal pouchRef: Bailey and Love, 26th ed. page 1018The key word is regurgitation of food with dysphagia which is seen with Pharyngeal pouch. When it is small, symptoms largely reflect only in-coordination with predominantly pharyngeal dysphagia. As the pouch enlarges, it tends to fill with food on eating, a...
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The molecular weight of a protein can be determined by
[ "Native acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE)", "Sodium dodecyl Sulphate h-PAGE", "Isoelectric focusing", "Ion Exchange Chromatography" ]
B
the molecular weight of an unknown protein can be determined by using the SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) method. Although there are some other methods (i.e. analytical ultracentrifugation and light scattering) for calculating the size or molecular weight (MW) of an unknown protein,...
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RCH-I does not includes-
[ "Family planning", "RH", "CSSM", "Emergency obstetric care" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Emergency obstetric care o RCH-I (pase I of RCH) includes (i) Family planning, (ii)CSSM, (iii) Client approach to health care, and (iv) Prevention/ management of I/STD. o Emergency obstetric care is pa of RCH-Il (see above explanation).
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Hormone responsible for decidual reaction and arias Stella reaction in ectopic pregnancy is -
[ "Oestrogen", "Progesterone", "HCG", "HPL" ]
B
Hormone responsible for decidual reaction and arias Stella reaction in Ectopic as well as Intrauterine pregnancy is Progesterone Arias stella reaction is the localized hypersecretory endometrium seen in ectopic pregnancy.
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The purity of gold is expressed in:
[ "Carats", "Percentage", "Fineness", "Gram" ]
C
null
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The group of antibiotics which possess additional antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activities is -
[ "Tetracyclines", "Polypeptide antibiotics", "Fluoroquinolones", "Macrolides" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Macrolides The antibiotic which possesses additional immunomodulatory activities is Tacrolimus. Tacrolimus belongs to the macrolide groups of antibiotics and hence is the answer here.
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A 30-year-old male present with urethritis. All of the following can be causative agent except:
[ "N. gonorrhoeae", "Chalmydia trachomatis", "Trichomonas vaginalis", "Hemophilus ducreyi" ]
D
Ans. (d) Hemophilus ducreyi Causes of urethritis are: Neisseria gonorrhoea (MC) Chlamydia trachomatis Ureoplasma urealyticun Mycoplasma hominis Herpes virus Cytomegalovirus Gardenella vaginalis Acinetobacter woffi, Ac calcoaceticus Candida albicans Trichomonas vaginalis
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Recurrent miscarriage is defined as
[ "One or more consecutive pregnancy losses at <= 20 weeks or with a fetal weight < 500 grams", "Two or more consecutive pregnancy losses at <= 20 weeks or with a fetal weight < 500 grams", "Three or more consecutive pregnancy losses at <= 20 weeks or with a fetal weight < 500 grams", "Four or more consecutive ...
C
Recurrent miscarriage is classically defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses at <= 20 weeks or with a fetal weight < 500 grams. (Ref: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition)
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Gene of wilsons disease is -
[ "ATP 7A", "ATP7B", "ADP7A", "ADP7B" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., ATP 7B o Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired copper excretion into bile & failure to incorporate copper into ceruloplasmin.Wilson diseaseo This autosomal - recessive disorder is marked by the accumulation of toxic levels of copp...
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A neonate with a scaphoid abdomen and respiratory distress has -
[ "Congenital pyloric stenosis", "Diaphragmatic hernia", "Volvulus", "Wilm's tumor" ]
B
In congenital 'aphragmatic hernia, there is herniation of intraabdominal contents into the chest. It is also associated with pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. The infant presents with respiratory distress and a scaphoid abdomen. Those with large defects are symptomatic in the delivery room, with tachypne...
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Most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurysm is
[ "Atherosclerosis", "Syphilis", "Marfan's syndrome", "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome" ]
A
(A) Atherosclerosis # ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS:> Abdominal aortic aneurysms occur more frequently in males than in females, and the incidence increases with age.> Abdominal aortic aneurysms may affect 1 to 2% of men older than 50 years.> At least 90% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms > 4.0 cm are affected by atherosc...
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Anesthetics usually check for BP and pulse when ophthalmologist maneuvers medial rectus muscle in squint surgery. This is to prevent?
[ "Vasovagal attack", "Hypotension syndrome", "Oculocardiac reflex", "None" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Oculocardiac reflex * Oculocardiac reflex is most common in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery. Traction on extraocular muscle (especially medial rectus) causes a wide variety of cardia arrhythmias.Oculocardiac reflex* Traction on the extraocular muscles or pressure on globe (eye ball) c...
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All the following genetic syndromes are associated with Wilm's tumor except
[ "WAGR", "Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome", "Denys Drash syndrome", "Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome" ]
B
Children with some genetic syndromes are predisposed to developing Wilms tumor. These include WAGR , Denys Drash syndrome (renal failure, renal mesangial sclerosis, male hermaphroditism, WTl missense mutation) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (hemihyperophy, macroglossia, omphalocele, organomegaly, del llp15.5-WT2). Ops...
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All of the following are features of vitamin E deficiency EXCEPT:
[ "Areflexia", "Seizure", "Myopathy", "Ataxia" ]
B
Vitamin E Deficiency: Loss of deep tendon reflexes Ataxia, dysahria Myopathy Neuropathy In premature infants- hemolytic anemia
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Epithelium lining of lingual surface of epiglottis is
[ "Simple Columnar", "Pseudostratified ciliated columnar", "Simple Cuboidal", "Stratified squamous epithelium" ]
D
Stratified squamous epithelium is present in pharynx, lingual surface of epiglottis which is non keratinised in nature whereas in laryngeal surface of epiglottis it is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium).
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Which one of the following will be affected by inter- observer variation in epidemiological studies
[ "Sensitivity", "Predictive value of the positive test", "Specificity", "Reliability" ]
A
the term sensitivity was introduced by Yerushalmy in 1940 s as a statistical index of diagnostic accuracy.it has been defined as the ability of a test to identify correctly all those who have the disease that is true positive.it also gets affected by the intern observer variations in the epidemiological studies. ref:pa...
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Torsion of knee results in injury most commonly to :
[ "Torsion of knee results in injury most commonly to :", "Medial meniscus", "Fibular collateral ligament", "Tibial collateral ligament" ]
D
D i.e. Tibial collateral ligament Most knee ligament injuries occur while the knee is bent i.e. when the capsule and ligaments are relaxed and the femur is allowed to rotate on tibia. Injury to the medial (tibial) collateral ligament is the most common knee ligament injuryQ The medial structures are most often affected...
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Ohngren's classification is used for ?
[ "Maxillary carcinoma", "Mandibular carcinoma", "Buccal carcinoma", "Tongue carcinoma" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Maxillary carcinoma In head and neck cancer, Ohngren's line is a line that connects the medial canthus of the eye to the angle of the mandible. The line defines a plane ohogonal to a sagittal plane that divides the maxillary sinus into (1) an anterior-inferior pa, and (2) a superior-posterior pa. Tumo...
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A person shows HBSAg+ HBeAg+ What does that indicate?
[ "Recovering from Hep B", "Active replication of virus", "Vaccination", "Chronic hepatitis" ]
B
null
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Which of the following pathway occurs paly in mitochondria and paly in cytosol ?
[ "Glycolysis", "Kreb's cycle", "Ketogenesis", "Urea cycle" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Urea cycle
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Ice pack test is due for -
[ "Myesthenia gravis", "Multiple system atrophy", "Hyperparathyroidism", "Hypokalemic periodic paralysis" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Myesthenia gravis o The ice pack test is a bedside test to help in the diagnosis of myethenia gravis.
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Intracardiac defibrillator (ICD) is useful in which of the following ?
[ "Person with Brugada", "Person with Arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia", "Person after acute MI with CAD", "All of the above" ]
D
Ref. AHA guidelines   ICD Indications (AHA Guidelines) Class I indications (ie, the benefit greatly outweighs the risk, and the treatment should be administered) are as follows: Structural heart disease, sustained VT Syncope of undetermined origin, inducible VT or VF at electrophysiologic study (EPS) Left ventricular ...
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Fever, clubbing and Osler's nodes occur in:
[ "Typhoid fever", "Rheumatic fever", "Infective endocarditis", "Leptospirosis" ]
C
null
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Most common cause of maternal mortality is ?
[ "Sepsis", "Eclampsia", "Hemorrhage", "Obstructed labour" ]
C
ANSWER: (C) HemorrhageREF: Williams 23I,d ed Ch 35 Pg 757Repeat OBG 2012 Session II, December 2010
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Syndromes associated with jaundice include all EXCEPT
[ "Gilbert's syndrome", "Dubin-Johnson syndrome", "Gardner's syndrome", "Rotor's syndrome" ]
C
null
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Oncogene associated with burkitt's lymphoma is:
[ "BCL-1, IgH", "BCL-2, IgH", "C-MYC", "ALK" ]
C
Disease Cytogenetic Abnormality Oncogene Mantle cell lymphoma t(11;14)(q13;q32) BCL-1, IgH Follicular lymphoma t(14;18)(q32;q21) BCL-2, IgH Diffuse large cell lymphoma t(3;-)(q27;-) t(17;-)(p13;-) BCL-6 p53 Burkitt's lymphoma, Burkitt's leukemia t(8;-)(q24;-) C-MYC CD30+ Anaplastic large cell lymphoma t(2;5)(p23;q35) A...
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Least malignant thyroid cancer is -
[ "Papillary carcinoma", "Follicular carcinoma", "Medullary carcinoma", "Anaplastic carcinoma" ]
A
null
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The tertiary structure of protein is detected by
[ "X-ray diffraction/crystallographs.", "Spectrophotometry", "Electrophoresis", "Chromatography" ]
A
null
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Lariche syndrome is due to?
[ "Bilateral iliac aery occlusion with sterility", "Bilateral iliac aery occlusion with impotency", "Unilateral iliac aery occlusion with sterility", "Unilateral iliac aery occlusion with impotency" ]
B
. Due to block in the common iliac aery or aooiliac segment or bilateral iliac aery may cause pain in the buttocks often associated with impotence is called Leriche's syndrome.pain commonly develops when the muscles are exercising.cause of pain is accumulation of substance p and metabolites. Refer page no 170 of SRB's ...
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The parents of a 2-year-old boy with hyposadias (urethra opens on the ventral aspect of the penis) visit a genetic counselor to discuss the chances that a similar birth defect will occur in their future offspring. This birth defect shows which of the following patterns of inheritance?
[ "Autosomal recessive", "Autosomal dominant", "Multifactorial", "X-linked dominant" ]
C
The inheritance of a number of birth defects is multifactorial. Most normal human traits are inherited neither as dominant nor as recessive mendelian attributes, but rather in a more complex manner. For example, multifactorial inheritance determines intelligence, height, skin color, body habitus, and even emotional dis...
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Brown Tumor is seen in -
[ "Hypothyroidism", "Hyperthyroidism", "Hypoparathyroidism", "Hyperparathyroidism" ]
D
Brown's tumor is seen in hyperparathyroidism
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High inguinal orchidectomy specimen showed tumor testis with involvement of epididymis without vascular invasion; Stage is -
[ "T\n1", "T\n2", "T\n3", "T\n4" ]
A
null
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The structures that pass between middle cerebellar peduncle and pons is
[ "Trigeminal nerve", "Vagus nerve", "Olfactory nerve", "Optic nerve" ]
A
Trigeminal nerve exits the brain by a large sensory root and a smaller motor root coming out of the pons at its junction with the middle cerebral peduncle.(Ref: Vishram Singh textbook of clinical neuroanatomy second edition pg-81, fig 8.9)
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Not a feature of dequervan's disease:
[ "Autoimmune in etiology", "TESR", "Tends to regress spontaneousl", "Painful & associated with enlargements of thyroid" ]
A
Answer is A (Autoimmune etiology) De Quervain's Thyroiditis is viral in origin (and not autoimmune). Symptoms usually follow an upper respiratory tract infection.
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An outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis has occurred in a remote village. In order to carry out the epidemiological investigations of the outbreak it is necessary to perform the culture of the throat swab of the patients suffering from the disease. The transport media of choice would be:
[ "Salt mannitol media", "Pike's media", "Stuart's media", "Cary Blair media" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Pike's media(Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 215 and 8th/e, p. 211)"For cultures, swabs should be collected under vision from the affected site and either plated immediately or sent to the laboratory in Pike's medium (blood agar containing crystal violet and sodium azide)."* This medium is also used to...
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Tzank smear is positive in -
[ "Herpes simplex", "Psoriasis", "LP", "Was" ]
A
Tzanck smear is a bedside test. It enables cytodiagnosis in vesicular and bullous lesions to demonstrate acantholytic or multinucleated cells. Acantholytic cells are keratinocytes which are large round cells with a dark central nucleus and peripheral condensed pink cytoplasm. These cells may be singular or in groups an...
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The most common position adopted for surgical procedures is
[ "Trendelenburg position", "Lithotomy position", "Supine position", "Prone position" ]
C
.Lithotomy position used for all perineal surgeries like for fissure, piles, fistula, and APR. ref:SRB&;s manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 913
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who gave the concept of id pa of mind
[ "bleuler", "lorenz", "erikson", "freud" ]
D
CONTRIBUTIONS OF FREUD o Father of psychoanalysis He founded a type of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis. It is nothing but analyzing the psych(MIND) o Interpretation of dreams According to Freud dreams are royal road to unconscious In dreams several conflicts that are present in the unconscious comes to the consciou...
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This classical "Ice-cream cone" appearance of this intensely enhancing lesion at the right CP angle recess suggests:
[ "Epidermoid cyst", "Arachnoid cyst", "Acoustic schwannoma", "High grade glioma" ]
C
Ans. C Acoustic schwannomaLarge chunk of tumour in the CP angle recess is the ice-cream whereas extension into internal auditory canal forms the cone. Bilateral Acoustic schwannomas suggest - Neurofibromatosis type 2 - MISME syndrome - Multiple Inherited Schwannoma, Meningioma and Ependymoma. The various CP angle masse...
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Graze is a type of -
[ "Bruise", "Contusion", "Laceration", "Abrasion" ]
D
The synopsis of forensic medicine & toxicology ; Dr k.s narayan reddy ; 28th edition ; pg.no . 105 Grazes (sliding ,scrapping or grinding abrasion) they occur when there is horizontal or near horizontal movement between the skin & some rough surface in contact with it .
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double meaning words is called as
[ "puns", "echolalia", "echopraxia", "clang assosiation" ]
A
clang, ====subsequent words will have rhyming seen in MANIA puns,=== double meaning words echolalia=== unconscious repletion of words said by the examiner, seen in catatonia Ref. Kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg.no 195
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Psychrometer is used to measure
[ "Humidity", "Air velocity", "Room temperature", "Radiant heat" ]
A
• Air humidity can be measured by: Dry and wet bulb thermometers Hygrometer Sling/Whirling Psychrometer Assman Psychrometer
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Ferric chloride test is used to diagnose:
[ "Phenylketonuria", "Alkaptonuria", "Hartnup disease", "Cystinuria" ]
A
a. Pheylketonuria(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 636-642; Ghai 8/e p 653-655)Ferric chloride test is used to determine the presence or absence of phenols in a given sample.FeCl3 test with urine gives green colour in Phenylketonuria (detects phenylalanine in urine).
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Which virus remains dormant but can be reativated is -
[ "Herpes simplex", "Herpes zoster", "Ebvirus", "CMV" ]
B
The reactivation of herpes zoster associated with inflammation of nerve which accounts for neuritic pain that often precedes skin infection REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.472
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All are true about Ebner glands, EXCEPT:
[ "Is an exocrine gland", "Situated on the dorsal surface of tongue", "Secrete an acid labile lipase", "Their secretion helps in digestion of fat" ]
C
Ebner's Gland or Von Ebner Glands are exocrine glands located on the dorsal surface of tongue and are responsible for the secretion of lingual lipase. Lingual lipase is a acid stable lipase. Lingual lipase uses a catalytic triad consisting of Aspaatic Acid, Histidine, and Serine, to initiate the hydrolysis of a triglyc...
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A 35-year-old man presents with following problem. Most likely diagnosis?
[ "Cellulitis", "Deep vein thrombosis", "Gout", "PAN" ]
C
Ans. C. Gouta. Acute gout causing swelling, erythema and extreme pain and tenderness of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.b. This is also known as Podagra- Colchicine and indomethacin are the drug of choice in this acute attack.
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All are true about gang rape, except: Bihar 11
[ "Sexual intercourse by one person", "Sexual intercourse by two persons", "Sexual intercourse by three persons", "Sexual intercourse by many persons" ]
A
Ans. Sexual intercourse by one person
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Streptomycin single dose is more effective than multiple small doses because it is -
[ "Concentration dependent lytic effect", "Longer half life", "Not dependent on renal clearance", "Tubular secretion and reabsorption is more" ]
A
Ans. is `a' i.e., Concentration dependent lytic effect Concentration dependent effect o The outcome is related to the peak antibiotic concentration achieved at the site of infection in relation to the minimum inhibitory concentration. o The killing effect of a drug is high when ratio of peak concentration to MIC is mor...
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The time taken for the cell to divide and pass through the entire epithelium is known as:
[ "Differentiation.", "Turn over time.", "Desquamation.", "Maturation." ]
B
Differentiation – After mictosis, during its migration, a keratinocyte becomes committed to biochemical & morphologic changes. Desquamation – Process of shedding of surface epithelial cells. Maturation – Process of cell migration from the basal layer to the surface. Turnover time / rate – The time taken for the cell to...
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A 50 yr old male presented with history of hematemesis - 500 ml of blood and on examination shows BP - 90/60, PR - 110/min and splenomegaly 5 below lower costal margin. Most probable diagnosis is
[ "Mallory Weiss tear", "Duodenal ulcer", "Gastritis", "Poal hypeension" ]
D
Ans. is 'd' i.e. Poal hypeension
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Pasteurization of milk is a type of -
[ "Primary prevention", "Secondary prevention", "tertiary prevention", "None of the above" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pimary prevention * Pasteurization of milk is done to prevent bacterial infection - primary prevention
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Distichiasis is
[ "Increased number of lashes in the lower eyelid", "Growth of eyelashes from Meibomian Orifices", "Hyperpigmentation of eyelashes", "Increased thickness of eyelashes" ]
B
Answer- B. Growth of eyelashes from Meibomian OrificesDistichiasis is a rare disorder defined as the abnormal grorvth of lashes from the orifces of the meibomian glands on the posterior lamella of the tarsal plate.
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All are features of Paget's disease except -
[ "Defect in osteoclasts", "Common in female", "Can cause deafness", "Can cause osteosarcoma" ]
B
Paget&;s disease affects from 1.5 to 8.0 percent of the population, and is most common in those of British descent. It is primarily diagnosed in older people, and is rare in people less than 55 years of age. Men are more commonly affected than women (3:2). The disease is named after Sir James Paget X RAY OF SKULL OF PA...
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A 3-month old male child with normal genitalia presents to the emergency depament with severe dehydration, hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. The measurement blood levels of which of the following will be helpful ?
[ "17-hydroxy progesterone", "Renin", "Coisol", "Aldosterone" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 17 hydroxyprogesterone o This is a case of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficiency of 21 - hydroxylase deficiency. o Because of the enzyme block ,there is increased formation of 17- hydroxyprogesterone, which is then shunted into the production of testosterone. o Levels of coisol and aldoster...
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Twin-Peak sign in First-trimester sonography signifies
[ "Dichorionic Diamnionic Pregnancy", "Monochorionic Diamnionic Pregnancy", "Monochorionic Monoamniotic Pregnancy", "Conjoint Twins" ]
A
Two separate placentas suggest dizygosity. Identification of a thick dividing membrane generally 2 mm or greater suppos a presumed diagnosis of dichorionicity. The twin peak sign or Lamda sign is seen by examining the point of origin of the dividing membrane on the placental surface. The peak appears as a triangular pr...
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Commonest malignant tumor of skeletal system -
[ "Multiple myeloma", "Metastasis", "Osteosarcoma", "Chondrosarcoma" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., MetastasisImportant factso Commonest bone malignancies-Secondarieso Commonest primary malignant tumor-Multiple myelomao Commonest primary malignant tumor of long bones-Osteosarcomao Commonest benign tumor of bone(Osteochondroma is not true neoplasm since its growth stops with cessation of growth at th...
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Acute hyponatremia become symptomatic at:
[ "<135 mEq", "<125 mEq", "<120 mEq", "<110 meq" ]
B
Hyponatremia is commonly defined as a serum sodium <135 mmol/L (<135 mEq/L). In patient with hyponatremia that develops over hours, life-threatening seizures and cerebral edema may occur at values as high as 125 mmol/L. In contrast some patients with more chronic hyponatremia that has slowly developed over months to ye...
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Diplopia is usually seen in ?
[ "Paralytic squint", "Non-paralytic squint", "Both of the above", "None of the above" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Paralytic squint
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Sparrow foot marks are associated with which type of injury: Odisha 11; Al 11; NEET 14
[ "Motor cyclist's fracture", "Under-running or tail gating", "Steering wheel impact", "Wind screen impact" ]
D
Ans. Wind screen impact
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Blood agar is -
[ "Enriched media", "Indicator media", "Enrichment media", "Selective media" ]
A
Enriched Media - When a basal medium is added with additional nutrients such as blood, serum or egg, it is called enriched medium. They suppo the growth of fastidious bacteria, eg - Blood agar Chocolate agar Loeffler's serum slope Indicator media - Contains indicator that give specific colour / characteristic to growin...
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Which of the following drug is used for reversal of cerebral vasospasm and infarct following subarachnoid hemorrhage?
[ "Nimodipine", "Amlodipine", "Diltiazem", "Verapamil" ]
A
Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) These are the drugs that block L-type of voltage gated calcium channels present in blood vessels and hea. Three groups of CCBs include phenylalkylamines (verapamil, nor-verapamil), benzothiazepines (diltiazem) dihydropyridines (nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipi...
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A sexually active male comes with multiple painful ulcers, the smear is enclosed? What is the most likely diagnosis?
[ "Chancre", "Chancroid", "Herpes", "Aphthosis" ]
B
Ans. B. ChancroidImage shows pleomorphic gram negative coccobacilli (H. ducreyi) arranged in a parallel chains of two's or four described as "School of fish"
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"Ropy discharge" from the eye is seen in -
[ "Phylectenular conjunctivitis", "Swimming pool conjunctvitis", "Spring catarrh", "Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis" ]
C
Ropy (Stringy) discharge is seen in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Ref: Parson's 22nd/e p.180-181 & 21st/e p.178; Khurana 7th/e p.81 & 4th/e p.74
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Elevated systolic blood pressure in the right ventricle suggests stenosis of which valve?
[ "Aoic", "Mitral", "Pulmonary", "Tricuspid" ]
C
In these sos of questions, you need to identify the valve immediately distal to the area of high pressure. This is the valve that must be blocked, because you can assume that blood is backing up into the area where the pressure is high. In this case, pressure is high in the right ventricle. So, there must be stenosis o...
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All are true about meta-analysis except:-
[ "Easy to conduct", "Analysis of analyses", "Funnel plot and forest plot are used", "Apple oranges effect seen in it" ]
A
Metanalysis:- Analysis of Analyses. Analysis of multiple studies together. Difficult to Conduct, but it does give you the best estimate for a given study design-Strength of Association. Funnel plot, forest plot are used. Disadvantages:- Publication bias. "Apple Orange Effect" seen in it.
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A 42 year old smoker has developed an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction. The coronary angiogram done on him is likely to show an obstruction of the -
[ "Left anterior descending aery", "Left posterior descending aery", "Right coronary aery", "Circumflex aery" ]
A
Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary aery (LAD) may cause infarction of the anterior wall of the left ventricle, manifested as precordial ST-segment elevations. Inferior ST-segment elevations due to occlusion of a LAD may reflect an ischemia of wrapped LAD aery . Ref Davidson 23rd edition pg444
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Incidence of preterm delivery in twin pregnancy is:
[ "25%", "50%", "75%", "100%" ]
B
50%
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Type of external root resorption that occurs in concussion and subluxation:
[ "Surface resorption", "Replacement resorption", "Ankylosis resorption", "Inflammatory root resorption" ]
A
Surface resorption:  It is non invasive process which occurs after luxation injury.  Small superficial resorption cavities occur within cementum and the outer dentin. It is repair process of physical damage to calcified tissue by recruitment of  cells following removal of damaged tissues by macrophages. Inflammatory ...
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Which of the following inborn errors of metabolism is associated with mental retardation -
[ "Alkaptonuria", "Homocystinuria", "Pentosuria", "All" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Homocystinuria Metabolic disorders associated with mental retardation. i) Aminoaciduria Phenylketonuria, homocystinemia, histidinemia ii) Galactosemia iii) Mucopolysaccharidosis
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Lactional amenorrhea is due to
[ "Prolactin induced inhibition of GnRH", "Prolactin induced inhibition of FSH", "Oxytocin induced inhibition of GnRH", "Oxytocin induced inhibition of FSH" ]
A
High levels of prolactin inhibits GnRH release from Hypothalamus and thus indirectly FSH and LH secretion from anterior pituitary Reference: Textbook of Gynaecology; Sheila balakrishnan; 2nd edition; Page no 27
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Normal pregnancy can be continued in aEUR'
[ "Primary pulmonary hypeension", "Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome", "Eisenmenger syndrome", "Marfan syndrome with dilated aoic root" ]
B
Wolf Parkinson-While syndrome Marfan's syndrome Ideally, a patient with Marfan's syndrome contemplating pregnancy should have a preconceptional echocardiography to determine the diameter of the aoic root risk depends upon the diagmeter of aoic root. If it is greater than 4.0 cm, she is at significant risk for aoic diss...
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Drug used for prophylaxis of rheumatic hea disease: March 2011
[ "Sulfadiazine", "Phenoxy-methyl penicillin", "Benzathine penicillin", "All of the above" ]
D
Ans. D: All of the above Patients with acute rheumatic fever are susceptible to fuher attacks of the rheumatic fever if another streptococcal infection occurs, and a long term prophylaxis with penicillin should be given as benzathine penicillin 1.2 million U I/ M monthly or oral phenoxymethylpenicillin 250 mg 12 hourly...
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The thyroid angle in male is:
[ "60deg", "90deg", "100deg", "120deg" ]
B
The two laminae of thyroid cartilage meet in the midline forming an angle - the thyroid angle. It is 90deg in male and 120deg in female. The acute angle formed in male is also responsible for Adam's apple. Thyroid on its inner side gives attachment to vocal cords in its middle while just above it is the attachment of e...
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The most common cause of sho stature is ___________
[ "Constitutional", "Systemic diseases", "Hypothyroidism", "Growth hormone deficiency" ]
A
sho stature: Defined as height below third centile or more than 2 standard detions below the median height for age and gender according to the population standard. Children whose stature s more than 3 SD below the population mean for age and gender are more likely to be suffering from pathological sho stature as compar...
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Which is electrical synapse?
[ "Motor end plate", "Gap junction", "Tight junctions", "Pores of kahn" ]
B
In electrical synapses, the membranes of the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons come close together, and gap junctions form between the cells.(REF: GANONG'S REVIEW OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY 23rd EDITION page no.115)
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HDL is increased by
[ "Exercise", "400 mg Vit. E daily", "Aspirin", "DHEA" ]
A
Exercise Aerobic exercise increases the level of HDL cholesterol.
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Tone decay test is done for
[ "Neural deafness", "Cochlear deafness", "Middle ear problem", "Otosclerosis" ]
A
THRESHOLD TONE DECAY TEST It is a measure of nerve fatigue and is used to detect retrocochlear lesions. Normally, a person can hear a tone continuously for 60 s. In nerve fatigue, he stops hearing earlier. The threshold tone decay test is simple and is performed in the following manner: A tone of 4000 Hz is presented a...
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Yellow color of a bruise is due to which of the following?
[ "Bilirubin", "Hemoglobin", "Hemosiderine", "Deoxyhemoglobin" ]
A
The yellow color is due to degradation of hemoglobin to bilirubin. Deoxyhemoglobin is responsible for bluish bruise seen on the first day after the injury. Bruises change color over time, because of the degradation of haemoglobin in the blood. However, the timescale of this degradation is not fixed, and it is therefore...
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The maximum carbon content of steel used in dentistry is:
[ "19%", "2%", "1.70%", "4%" ]
C
Carbon steels can be described simply as iron-carbon binary alloys that contain less than 2.1% of carbon by weight. Composition (percent by weight) of three types of stainless steel by crystal structure of iron
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Normal serum value of magnesium ?
[ "1.5 mEq/L", "5 mEq/L", "25 mEq/L", "50 mEq/L" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., 1.5 mEq/L
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Gluconeogenesis is mainly seen in:
[ "Kidney", "Liver", "Spleen", "Heart" ]
B
Ans. (b) LiverRef: Vasudevan Biochemistry 8/e. P 136SITE OF GLUCONEOGENESIS* Major site of gluconeogenesis: Liver (90%)* Secondary site: Kidney cortex and in small intestine under some conditions. (10%)* It takes place in the mitochondria and cytoplasm.* The production of glucose is necessary for use as a fuel source b...
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A man comes to emergency with stab injury to left flank. He has stable vitals. What would be the next step in management?
[ "CECT", "Diagnostic peritoneal lavage", "Laprotomy", "Laproscopy" ]
A
Ans. is 'a'. i.e. CECT The main decision in an abdominal injury is to decide whether an exploratory laparotomy is necessary or not. Physical examination though may help sometimes, has significant limitations and may be unreliable.The diagnostic approach to penetrating (Gunshot and Stab wounds) and blunt abdominal traum...
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Posterior pa of hypothalamus is concerned with: March 2013
[ "Regulation of sexual function", "Role in circadian rhythm", "Regulation of response to smell", "Secretion of posterior pituitary hormones" ]
C
Ans. C i.e. Regulation of response to smell
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Bleeding vessel in haemorrhoids is
[ "Superior rectal aery", "Superior rectal vein", "Middle rectal aery", "Middle rectal vein" ]
B
Bleeding vessel in haemorrhoids is superior rectal vein which is a branch of inferior mesenteric vein at the level of rectum. Dilation of these vessels leads to bleeding leading to internal haemorrhoids. Veins are better option than aery.
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What is the concentration of Na (meq/L) in normal saline?
[ "77", "109", "130", "154" ]
D
Normal saline is an isotonic crystalloid. The composition of normal saline is water, sodium: 154meq/l and 154meq/l of chloride. Types of crystalloids: Isotonic: D5W, normal saline, Ringer's lactate. Hypotonic: Half normal saline, 0.25% NaCl solution. Hypeonic: Dextrose 10% in water, Dextrose 50% in water. Composition o...
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Appeal against penal eraser can be done in: WB 11
[ "State Medical Council", "Medical Council of India", "Central Health Ministry", "State Health Ministry" ]
C
Ans. Central Health Ministry
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Defence mechanism by the bacteria which produce biofilm are all except?
[ "Antibiotics are expelled from the surface", "They stick to the surface strongly", "Antibiotics penetration into the biofilm is less", "They protect from the inflammatory mediators" ]
A
Biofilms: These are well-organised microcolonies of bacteria enclosed in self-produced extracellular polymer matrices known as glycocalyx. They are separated by water channels that remove water and deliver nutrients. Biofilm is one of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. They stick to the surface strongly. Antibiot...
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A 22-year-old man has symptoms of low back pain and stiffness. After several months of mild symptoms, he notes more severe stiffness at night and hip pain. On physical examination, there is paravertebral muscle tenderness and limited flexion of the lumbar spine. Figure given below shows an x-ray of the lumbar spine. Wh...
[ "Reiter syndrome", "Marfan syndrome", "ankylosing spondylitis (AS)", "RA" ]
C
AS occurs in 1-6% of adults inheriting human lymphocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27). However, the prevalence in B27-positive relatives of patients with AS is up to 30%. Men are three times more likely to be affected.
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A 6 year old child is continuously criticized by the teachers in classroom, it is a type of :
[ "Physical abuse", "Failure to thrive", "Emotional abuse", "Any of the above" ]
C
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About CPAP all are true except –
[ "Given prophylactically in all preterm with respiratory distress", "Started with FiO2 50-60%", "Given in infants less than 28 weeks and less than 1 kg weight", "Improves oxygenation and improves lung compliance" ]
B
CPAP is started at a pressure of 5 cm of H2O and FiO2 of 40-50%.
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Which among the following is not a ultrasound feature of Congenital Hyperophic Pyloric Stenosis?
[ "95% sensitivity by ultrasound", "Thickness of pylorus > 4mm", "Canal length > 16mm", "High gastric residue" ]
D
Ans is 'd' i.e. High gastric residue Ultrasound is the investigation of choice. It can diagnose HPS accurately in 95% of patients. Criteria for ultrasound diagnosis of HPS: a. channel length of > 16mm b. pyloric thickness of > 4mm "The diagnosis of pyloric stenosis usually can be made on physical examination by palpati...
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