question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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A 37 year old male patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis of lung and was kept on glucocoicoid therapy. The treatment may result in the bone loss because glucocoicoids causes which of the following? | [
"Increases calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract",
"Increased osteoblast growth",
"Inhibit bone formation",
"Inhibit bone resorption"
] | C | Glucocoicoids increase bone resorption. They have multiple actions that alter bone metabolism.Glucocoicoids decrease intestinal Ca++ absorption and renal Ca++reabsorption. Both mechanisms serve to lower serum . As serum drops, secretion of parathyroid hormone PTH) increases, which mobilizes Ca++from bone by stimulating... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 26 year old male with recent history of unprotected sexual intercourse comes to opd with complaints of painless, indurated ulcer over the glans which exuded clear serum. Bilateral painless inguinal lymphadenopathy is also present. The most appropriate diagnostic test is: | [
"Gram stain of ulcer discharge",
"ELISA for HIV infection",
"Dark ground microscopy of ulcer discharge",
"Giemsa stain of lymph node aspirate"
] | C | History of sexual intercourse, painless and hard ulcer (chancre) and painless inguinal lymphadenopathy is suggestive of primary syphilis.
Dark ground examination is done to demonstrate spirochetes. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Preformed antibodies cause - | [
"Hyperacute rejection",
"Acute rejection",
"Chronic rejection",
"Acute humoral rejection"
] | A | Harshmohan textbook of pathology 7th edition . *hyper acute rejection appeares with in minutes to hours of placing the transplant and destroy it.It is mediated by preformed humoral antibody against donar antigen | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common nerve involved in intracranial aneurysm is - | [
"Trochlear",
"VII",
"VIII",
"Occulomotor"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kaposi's sarcoma is associated with | [
"HIV infection",
"Adeno virus",
"Picoma virus",
"All"
] | A | Ans. a (HIV infection). (Ref. Robbins, Pathology, 7th ed., 256)KAPOSI'S SARCOMA (KS)# Kaposi's sarcoma, a highly vascular tumor is most common neoplasm in AIDS. Other neoplasms found in HIV patients are: B-cell NHL, primary brain lymphoma and invasive carcinoma cervix.# HHV-8 or KSHV is strongly implicated as a viral c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anemia of advanced renal insufficiency is best treated by | [
"Blood transfusions",
"Recombinant human erythropoietin",
"Parenteral iron therapy",
"Folic acid"
] | B | • A normocytic, normochromic anemia attributable to CRD is observed beginning at stage 3 CRD and is almost
universal at stage 4.
• The primary cause of anemia in patients with CRD is insufficient production of EPO by the diseased kidney.
• Management guidelines for correction of anemia of chronic renal disease—
1.Recom... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Bitemporal diameter of fetus is: | [
"10.5",
"8",
"11 5",
"9.5"
] | B | 8 | train | med_mcqa | null |
An obese young woman ingested a banned drug which was once used for weight reduction and she developed high fever. The drug is known to affect the ATP formation in electron transpo chain. What could be that drug? | [
"Barbiturate",
"Malonate",
"2,4 dinitrophenol",
"Rotenone"
] | C | Rotenone is a fish poison. It is not over-the-counter drug - option d is excluded. Barbiturate poisoning leads to hypothermia, not fever - option a is excluded. Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) - option b is excluded. 2,4 dinitrophenol Iionophore which allows proton to pass th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Trousseau sign positive in which poisoning ? | [
"Citric acid",
"Oxalic acid",
"Acetic acid",
"Carbolic acid"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Oxalic acid Trousseou's sign and chovstek's sign are seen in hypocalcemia. Oxalic acid poisoning can cause hypoclacemia. Oxalic acid It is also known as salt of sorrel or acid of sugar. It is used to erase writing, as bleaching agent and in calico printing. It occurs in leaves of rhubarb. Local effect... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The melting point of silver is | [
"1063° Centigrade",
"960° Centigrade",
"850° Centigrade",
"1123° Centigrade"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
As per ADA No. 25, minimum amount of setting expansion required for type V gypsum productis | [
"0.05",
"0.1",
"0.15",
"0.2"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A female presented with complaints of hair fall. Her delivery was before 2 months. Physician diagnosed her condition as Telogen Effluvium. All of the following are true regarding telogen effluvium, EXCEPT: | [
"Scarring",
"Metabolic stress",
"Recovery within 6 months",
"Insidious onset"
] | A | Telogen Effluvium (TE): The second most common cause of hair loss in women. Androgenetic Alopecia or pattern hair loss is by far the most common type of hair loss in men and women. TE is a non scarring alopecia. The pathophysiology underlying TE is best characterized as a premature shift of hairs from the anagen (growt... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year-old primagravida woman develops hypertension at 32 weeks. She reports no vision change, headache, shortness of breath, or abdominal symptoms. Her pregnancy is uneventful until now. She has no significant past medical history and is not on any medications except vitamins.On examination the blood pressure is 16... | [
"improves in the third trimester",
"leads to large-birth-weight babies",
"should be controlled with medications",
"spares the placenta"
] | C | This patient has preeclampsia and needs treatment of her hypertension and close follow-up. In the past, there was concern that rigorous drug treatment would harm the fetus. Approximately 5%- 1% of all pregnant women develop preeclampsia which is defined as new-onset hypertension with BP > 140/90 mmHg and proteinuria > ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 70 year old man develops pneumonia and septicemia. Patient goes into renal failure and has a BP of 70/50 mm of Hg. Drug that should be used to maintain BP is: | [
"Adrenaline",
"Ephedrine",
"Phenylephrine",
"Nor epinephrine"
] | D | Answer is D (Norepinephrine) The patient in question is presenting with features of septic shock. Dopamine is the initial recommended vasopressor agent to maintain blood pressure but is not provided amongst the options. Patients who remain hypotensive despite dopamine should he adminstered norepinephrine and hence nore... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following statements regarding drugs used in leprosy is FALSE? | [
"Single intramuscular injections of acedapsone maintain inhibitory levels of dapsone in tissues for upto 3 months",
"Monthly doses of rifampicin delay the emergence of resistance to dapsone",
"Clofazimine should not be given to patients who are intolerant to dapsone or who fail to improve during treatment with ... | C | Acedapsone is a repository form of dapsone. Single i.m. injection of acedapsone keep on releasing the drug for 3 months. Rifampicin is used once in a month (supervised dose) for the treatment of leprosy. It prevents the emergence of resistance to dapsone. Clofazimine can result in skin pigmentation(reddish-black), disc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The esophagus crosses the diaphragm at the level of: | [
"T8",
"T9",
"T10",
"T11"
] | C | The oesophagus is a muscular tube 25 cm (10 in) long, which connects the pharynx to the stomach. It begins in the neck, level with the lower border of the cricoid cailage and the sixth cervical veebra. It descends largely anterior to the veebral column through the superior and posterior mediastina, passes through the d... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following does not cause hypoglycemia ? | [
"Insulin",
"Glimepiride",
"Metformin",
"Gliclazide"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following cardiac lesions is at highest risk of occurrence of infective endocarditis | [
"Atrial septal defect",
"Mitral valve prolapse without regurgitation",
"Valvular aortic regurgitation",
"Mitral stenosis"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
65 year old man presents with anaemia and posterior column dysfunction, the likely cause is: | [
"B1-deficit",
"B12-deficit",
"SSPE",
"Multiple sclerosis"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' Vit. B12 deficit (Ref Harrison, 16/e, p 2458 (15/e, p 2432)).Patient with anaemia and post, column dysfunction is most likely suffering from subacute combined degeneration of the cord. (SACD)SACD occurs due to vitamin B12 deficiency.Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to megaloblastic anaemia and defects in myelin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In DNA, Adenine pairs with | [
"Guanine",
"Thymine",
"Cytosine",
"Uracil"
] | B | Adenine is always paired with thymine by formation of two hydrogen bonds. Guanine is always paired with cytosine by formation of three hydrogen bonds. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following describes the pelvic outlet | [
"Angle of pubic arch is less than 90 degrees.",
"Base of posterior triangle is the coccyx.",
"Descending inferior pubic rami form lateral boundaries of posterior triangle.",
"Common base of the two triangles is formed by a line drawn between the two ischial tuberosities."
] | D | Pelvic outlet consists of 2 triangular areas with a common base, which is a line drawn between the two ischial tuberosities.
Angle of pubic arch is 90 → 100 degrees.
Lateral boundaries of posterior triangle is formed by sacrotuberous ligaments. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Drugs used in ADHD are – | [
"Atomoxetine",
"Methylphenidate",
"Dextroamphetamine",
"All the above"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
In Hydrocution death occurs by | [
"Vagal inhibition",
"Laryngospasm",
"Encephalopathy",
"Loss of consciousness"
] | A | Immersion Syndrome (Hydrocution): Death in immersion syndrome is due to cardiac arrest as a result of vagal inhibition. It is produced by (i) Cold water stimulatung the nerve endings of the surface of the body (!!) Cold water striking the epigastrium and (!!!) Cold water entering the ear drums, mucosa of pharynx or Lar... | train | med_mcqa | null |
After radical mastectomy there was injury to the long thoracic nerve. The integrity of the nerve can be tested at the bedside by asking the patient to | [
"Shrug the shoulders",
"Raise the arm above the head on the affected side",
"Touch the opposite shoulder",
"None of the above"
] | B | Long thoracic nerve innervates Serratus anterior. Serratus anterior originates from outer surface of upper 8 ribs and inserts onto inferior angle and medial border of scapula.
Actions :
It rotates the scapula to help in overhead abduction.
Steady the scapula to carry weight.
Pushing of arm forward in horizontal posit... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Strain used for production of Measles vaccine is: | [
"Jeryl Lynn strain",
"17 - D strain",
"Ankara strain",
"Edmonston Zagreb strain"
] | D | Strains Used For Measles Vaccine Edmonston Zagreb Strain (Most common) Schwarz strain Moraten strain Vaccine Strains Dengue/Dengavaxia : CYD-TDV BCG : Danish 1331 Mumps : Jeryl Lynn Rubella : RA 27/3 YF : 17D Varicella : Oka JE : SA 14-14-2 H1N1 : A/California/2009 Mosquirix : S,S/AS01 (World's first & only licensed ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
MC cause of maternal moality is: | [
"Post-paum hemorrhage",
"Aboion",
"Sepsis",
"Obstruction"
] | A | Post-paum hemorrhage | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common lobe involved in congenital lobar emphysema | [
"Right upper lobe",
"Right middle lobe",
"Left upper lobe",
"Left lower lobe"
] | C | Congenital lobar emphysema present with respiratory distress. Most common lobe involved is Left upper lobe. X-ray shows shift of mediastinum to Right side. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Microcornea is defined as: | [
"< 10 mm corneal diameter at bih",
"<13 mm corneal diameter at bih",
"< 10 mm axial length at bih",
"< 20 mm axial length at bih"
] | A | Microcornea < 10 mm corneal diameter at bih. Megalocornea > 13 mm after 2 yr of age or >11.7 mm before 2 yr of age. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alpo&;s syndrome is associated with all except- | [
"sensorineural deafness from bih",
"Posterior lenticonus",
"Peripheral retinal fleck",
"Hematuria"
] | C | AIpo's syndrome A number of uncommon diseases may involve the glomerulus in childhood but the most impoant one affecting adults is Alpo's syndrome. Most cases arise from a mutation or deletion of the COL4A5 gene on the X chromosome, which encodes type IV collagen, resulting in inheritance as an X-linked recessive disor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Venous return to heart during quiet standing is facilitated by all of the following factors, except | [
"Calf muscle contraction during standing",
"Valves in perforators",
"Sleeves of deep fascia",
"Gravitational increase in arterial pressure"
] | D | With gravitational force while standing, the venous return is reduced. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Consumptive coagulopathy is most commonly found in? | [
"Abruption placenta",
"IUCD",
"Dead fetus",
"Retained products of conception"
] | A | Abruption placenta REF: Williams Obstetrics 22nd edition chapter 35 One of the most common causes of clinically significant consumptive coagulopathy in obstetrics is placental abruption. Placental abruption with concealed hemorrhage carries with it much greater maternal and fetal hazards, not only because of the possib... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Major bacterial enzyme responsible for putrefaction - | [
"Hyaluronidase",
"Lecithinase",
"Metailloproteinase",
"Collagenase"
] | B | Lecithinase produced by Clostridium welchii is impoant in putrefaction as it digests lecithin, a component of cell membrane. It causes postmoem hemolysis of blood. Dr. Narayana Reddys Synopsis of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 27 th edition pg. 82. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 4-year-old female is being evaluated for the sudden onset of multiple petechiae and bruises. She is found to have a peripheral leukocyte count of 55,000, 86% of which are small, homogeneous cells that have nuclei with immature chromatin. Indistinct nucleoli are also present. Initial tests on these immature cells are ... | [
"Lymphoblasts",
"Monoblasts",
"Megakaryoblasts",
"Myeloblasts"
] | A | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is primarily a disease of children and young adults that is characterized by the presence of numerous lymphoblasts within the bone marrow. These malignant cells may spill over into the blood and other organs. In contrast to myeloblasts, lymphoblasts do not contain myeloperoxidase, but... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All are true regarding Sunitinib except - | [
"it inhibits tyrosine kinase receptors",
"It is used for renal cell carcinoma",
"It is used for the treatment of GIST",
"It is excreted primarily in urine"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., It is excreted primarily in urineo Sunitinib inhibits multiple Tyrosine kinase receptors. It inhibits PDGF, VEGF and c-kit.o Sunitinib and sorafinih are used in renal cell carcinoma (in RCC there is overexpression of VEGF) and GIST (in GIST there is over expression of C-Kit & PDGF).o Patients who deve... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is NOT used in a preterm infant to assess need for resuscitation? | [
"Color",
"Hea rate",
"Rate of respiration",
"Muscle tone"
] | C | Respiratory effo is used instead respiratory rate in APGAR scoring system for resuscitation in neonates. Apgar scoring system: Apgar scores are a numerical expression of a newborn infant's physical condition. Usually determined 1 min after bih and again at 5 min, the score is the sum of points gained on assessment of c... | train | med_mcqa | null |
All the following supply blood to Palatine tonsil except | [
"Lingual aery",
"Facial aery",
"Ascending Pharyngeal aery",
"Sphenopalatine aery"
] | D | Palatine Tonsil (The Tonsil)Blood supply:1.Main source: The Tonsillar branch of the facial aery.2.Additional sources: (a) Ascending palatine branch of facial aery; (b) Dorsal lingual branches of the lingual aery; (c) Ascending pharyngeal branch of the external carotid aery; and (d) The greater palatine branch of the ma... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Lipoprotein associated with carrying cholesterol from peripheral tissues to liver is ? | [
"HDL",
"LDL",
"VLDL",
"IDL"
] | A | HDL paicles transpo cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to liver (i.e. reverse cholesterol transpo) which is then excreted through bile. | train | med_mcqa | null |
MIC-2- Marker of - | [
"Ewing sarcoma",
"Osteosarcoma",
"Dermatofibrous protruberans",
"Alveolar cell sarcoma"
] | A | . Ewing sarcoma | train | med_mcqa | null |
In caissons, disease pain in joint is because of | [
"Nitrogen bubble",
"Oxygen bubble",
"Carbon monoxide",
"Air in joint"
] | A | Caisson's disease has many synonyms : as:- Bends - Decompression sickness - Diver's paralysis - Dysbarism.It occurs in divers, compressed air is taken in order to match the pressures at deep sea.The air contains Nitrogen in almost 70 % of the mixture.At high pressures in the sea, the pressure over the body is balanced ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 68-year-old man presents with progressive shoness of breath. He had a metallic hea valve replacement 13 years ago for severe aoic stenosis. Which of the following clinical findings is most indicative of a failing aoic valve replacement? | [
"Clicking sound to S2",
"Early diastolic murmur heard at the left sternal edge",
"New onset atrial fibrillation",
"Ejection systolic murmur heard in the aoic region"
] | B | Option B: Early diastolic murmur heard at left sternal edge We know if metallic valves get older & undergo on sheering stress, so there will be backflow of blood from aoa to L.V so early diastolic murmur heard at left sternal edge. Severe aoic stenosis : 1.Transvalvular pressure gradient of > 40 mmHg. 2. Ejection veloc... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about visceral pleura ? | [
"Pain insensitive",
"Supplied by phrenic nerves",
"Has three borders",
"Develops from splanchnopleural mesoderm"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Supplied by phrenic nervesPleuraPleura is a serous membrane covering the lung. There are two layers of pleura :- (i) Visceral (pulmonary) pleura intimately invests the lungs and is developed from splanchnopleural mesoderm, and (ii) Parietal pleura is developed from smatopleural mesoderm. Parietal pleu... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A peripheral smear with increased neutrophils basophils, eosinophils, and platelets is highly suggestive of - | [
"Actute myeloid leukemia",
"Acute lymphoblastic leukemia",
"Chronic myelogenous leukemia",
"Myelodysplasia syndrome"
] | C | Peripheral smear picture of chronic myeloid leukemia shows marked leucocytosis (myelocytes,metamyelocytes,mature segmented neutrophils , basophils,eosinophils) , with normal or raised platelet count. Harsh mohan textbook of pathology 6th edition pg no 358. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Two farmers were brought and they died soon. Smell of bitter almonds was coming from their mouth. They died of which poison: | [
"Organophosphorus",
"Hydrogen Cyanide",
"Aconite",
"Opium"
] | B | B i.e. Hydrogen Cyanide Hydrocyanic acid (prussic acid) is a colourless gas with penetrating odour resembling that of bitter almondsQ and poisoning may be seen after young linseed plant consumptionQ. Poisoning Odour - H2S (Hydrogen sulphide) - Rotten - eggQ - Zinc phosphide - Fishy - Arsenic Zinc phosphide, - Garlic od... | train | med_mcqa | null |
True about HSP -a) Palpable purpurab) Kidneys commonly affectedc) C-ANCA positived) Thrombocytopenia | [
"ac",
"a",
"ad",
"ab"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Machine used noninvasively to monitor an external chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is | [
"Zoll depth synchronizer",
"Zoll strength sensor",
"Zoll pAO2 monitor",
"Zoll AED -plus automatic external defibrillator"
] | D | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Radiotherapy is not used in - | [
"Ca oesophagus ;",
"Ca cervix",
"Ca stomach",
"Brain tumour"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hallmark of Arias - stella reaction is | [
"Pinopods",
"Nuclear enlargement",
"Vacuoles in cytoplasm",
"Nuclear pyknosis"
] | B | Classical hallmark of nuclear enlargement in glandular cells is seen in Arias stella reaction. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Most common ovarian tumor to undergo torsion: | [
"Benign cystic teratoma",
"Dysgerminoma",
"Serous adenoma",
"Brenners tumor"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Benign cystic teratoma * Benign cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) is the MC benign germ cell tumor and also the MC ovarian tumor to undergo torsion (as it has a lot of fat content, it is more prone to torsion) in nonpregnant patients as well as in pregnancy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following is most sensitive and specific screening test for carcinoma of breast: September 2010 | [
"FNAC",
"Mammogram",
"USG",
"Self Examination"
] | B | Ans. B: Mammogram Mammography is the process of using low-dose amplitude-X-rays (usually around 0.7 mSv) to examine the human breast and is used as a diagnostic and a screening tool. The goal of mammography is the early detection of breast cancer, typically through detection of characteristic masses and/or microcalcifi... | train | med_mcqa | null |
ASHA is? | [
"Village",
"Subcentre",
"PHC",
"CHC"
] | A | Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)
Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) will be involved to bring out suspected cases from their villages for diagnosis at PHC and after confirmation of diagnosis, will follow up the patients for completion of treatment. Her duties will be monitored by the concerned PHC medica... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 5 year old child with gas under diaphragm is seen in - | [
"Enteric fever with intestinal perforation",
"Chilaiditi's syndrome",
"Iatrogenic pneumoperitoneum",
"All of above"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e.. All of above o Chilaiditi's syndrome : Condition characterised by inter position of small or large bowel between liver and right diaphragm.Radiologically it gives gas under diaphragm.o Iatrogenic pneumoperitoneum : Certain procedure like peritoneal dialysis, Iatrogenically air pushed before putting PD... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Normal size but non functioning uterus is usually associated with : | [
"Stenosis of the external os",
"Uterine synechiae",
"Paial agenesis of the vagina",
"Complete absence of vagina"
] | B | A hysterosalpingogram or preferably a diagnostic hysteroscopy helps to establish the diagnosis of Asherman syndrome, first described in 1948. Operative hysteroscopy to lyse the synechiae, followed by cyclic hormonal therapy with high doses of conjugated oestrogens of 2.5-5.0 mg/day for 3-6 months, results in the restor... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Radiological finding in ileal atresia – a) Microcolon on Ba enemab) Double bubble signc) Coil spring appearance in Ba-Enemad) Obstruction in Ba meal | [
"b",
"c",
"ad",
"ab"
] | C | Radiological features of ileal - atresia are multiple bubble sign (not double bubble), obstruction on barium meal, microcolon on barium meal, Apple-peel appearance. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Feilised ovum reaches uterine cavity by : | [
"3 to 4 days after feilisation",
"6 to 7 days after feilisation",
"7 to 9 days after feilisation",
"1 to 2 days after feilisation"
] | A | Feilization takes place at the ampullary end of the Fallopian tube, the ovum is then transpoed by the contractions of the tube into the uterine cavity, aided by the fluid current impaed from ciliated epithelium. The morula enters the uterine cavity about 3 days after feilization. Reference : Williams Textbook of Obstet... | train | med_mcqa | null |
International certificate for travelling is required for - | [
"Pertusis",
"Yellow fever",
"Cholera",
"Plague"
] | B | Ans. is 'b' ie Yellow Fever "India and most other countries require a valid certificate of vaccination against yellow fever from travellers coming from infected areas.It rests with each country to decide whether a certificate of vaccination against yellow fever shall be required for infants under one year of age. India... | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 22-year old woman develops an acute contact dermatitis to a household-cleaning agent. Which of the following treatments is most appropriate during the bullous, oozing stage? | [
"Wet dressings",
"Systemic coicosteroids",
"Topical Anesthetics",
"Systemic antibiotics"
] | A | For highly oedematous, vesicular and exudative eruptions treatment is: Astringent soaked in such as a 1: 10 000 solution of potassium permanganate. Burow's solution (aluminium acetate 1%) can also be used. applications of emollients are soothing | train | med_mcqa | null |
Alpha wave on EEG represent | [
"Awake and fully alert",
"Awake with eyes closed with mind wandering",
"Awake with eyes open",
"Deep sleep"
] | B | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 25 year old male presents to the dental clinic with black spots on his tooth. Intra-oral examination reveals pit and fissure caries with 16. Which of the following ICDAS score will be given to this tooth based on the histological depth of the lesion? | [
"Lesion depth in P/F was 50% inner enamel and 50% into the outer 1/3 dentin - score 2",
"Lesion depth in P/F with 77% in dentin - score 3",
"Lesion depth in P/F with 100% in dentin - score 5",
"Lesion depth in P/F was 100% reaching inner 1/3 dentin - score 6"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
A young basketball player develops an acute onset of subclavian vein thrombosis (effort thrombosis) after heavy exercise. What is the next step in management? | [
"Active exercise of the limb",
"Anti-inflammatory drugs",
"Thrombolytic therapy",
"Antibiotics"
] | C | Effort thrombosis, also called Paget-von Schroetter syndrome, is the development of thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein as a result of injury or compression. It occurs primarily in young athletes and is disabling. When these patients are seen early, thrombolytic therapy is the first step in management and is fol... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Secobarbitone is ? | [
"Long acting barbiturate",
"Intermediate acting barbiturate",
"Sho acting barbiturate",
"Ultra sho acting barbiturate"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Sho acting barbiturate Long acting barbiturates - Phenobarbitone, Mephobarbitone. Sho acting barbiturates - Butobarbitone, secobarbitone, Pentobarbitone. Ultrasho acting - Thiopentone, Methohexitone, Hexobarbitone. | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following about leptospirosis is true except ? | [
"High fever with chills",
"Seen in sewage workers",
"Jaundice is present",
"Tetracycline is the drug of choice"
] | D | Ans. is 'e' i.e., Tetracycline is drug of choice Treatment of leptospirosis Mild cases --> Doxycycline or amplicillin or amoxicillin *Moderate or severe --> Penicillin G or ampicillin or amoxicillin or erythromycin Chemoprophvloxis *Doxycycline is the DOC. "In severe illness, I.V. benzyl penicillin is the drug of choic... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which one of the following is not a feature of liver histology in Non cirrhotic poal fibrosis (NCPF) ? | [
"Fibrosis in and around the poal tracts",
"Thrombosis of the medium and small poal vein branches",
"Non specific inflammatory cell infiltrates in the poal tracts",
"Bridging fibrosis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Bridging fibrosisFibrosis bridging one poal tract to another (bridging fibrosis) is not seen.Pathology : o Non cirrhotic poal fibrosis is primarily a vascular disorder of the liver characterized by fibrous intimal thichening of the poal vein or its branches in patients with non cirrhotic protal hypeen... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following medications can be safely used in pregnancy - | [
"Propylthiouracil",
"Methotrexate",
"Warfarin",
"Tetracycline"
] | A | Ans: A | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient has normal anterior chamber and hazy cornea in one eye and shallow anterior chamber and miotic pupil in fellow eye. Busacca nodules on iris are seen. Diagnosis is: | [
"Endophthalmitis",
"Acute congestive glaucoma",
"Chronic simple glaucoma",
"Acute anterior uveitis"
] | D | Anterior uveitis is most common and is usually unilateral and acute in onset. Typical symptoms include pain, photophobia, and blurred vision. Examination usually reveals circumcorneal redness with minimal injection of the palpebral conjunctiva or discharge. The pupil may be small (miosis) or irregular due to the format... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anticholinergic drug useful in treatment of peptic ulcer disease is | [
"Cimetidine",
"Misoprostol",
"Omeprazole",
"Pirenzipine"
] | D | Peptic Ulcer Disease 1) Drug inhibiting the M1 receptor - Pirenzepine 2) Drug blocking the H2 receptor - Cimetidine - Ranitidine 3) Prostaglandin - Misoprostol - It is chemically PGE1 but work like PGE2 4) Proton pump inhibitors: - Omeprazole - Esomeprazole - Pantoprazole - Lansoprazole - Rabeprazole | train | med_mcqa | null |
A 52-year-old woman has long-standing rheumatoid ahritis (RA) and is being treated with coicosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Which of the following cardiac complications may arise in this clinical setting? | [
"Constrictive pericarditis",
"Restrictive cardiomyopathy",
"Dilated cardiomyopathy",
"Hyperophic cardiomyopathy"
] | B | Long-standing inflammatory conditions such as RA are associated with deposition of a form of amyloid known as AA (amyloid-associated protein), which may involve kidneys, hea, liver, skeletal muscle, and skin, for example. Amyloid deposition in the myocardium results in decreased compliance and impaired diastolic fillin... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Highest insight is ? | [
"Intellectual",
"Emotional",
"Psychological",
"Affective"
] | B | Ans. b. EmotionalNeziroglu and Stevens proposed four different levels of insights:True emotional insightIntellectual insightPaial internally and externally based insightDenial of illnessTrue emotional insight is representative of the highest level of insight possible. In it the patients' awareness and understanding of ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The resting membrane potential depends mainly on gradient of | [
"Sodium",
"Potassium",
"Chloride",
"Calcium"
] | B | Ans. b (Potassium). (Ref. Ganong Physiology, 21st ed., 55, 56)Myocardial action potentialPhase 0Rapid upstrokeVoltage-gated Na-channels open.Phase 1Initial repolarizationInactivation of voltage-gated Na+ balances K+ effiux.Phase 2PlateauCa2+ influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels balances K+ efflux.Ca2+ influx trig... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The finding of a single umbilical artery on examination of the umbilical cord after delivery is: | [
"Insignificant",
"Occurs in 10% of newborns",
"An indicator of considerably increased incidence of major malformation of the fetus",
"Equally common in newborn of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers"
] | C | Ans. is c, i.e. An indicator of considerably increased incidence of major malformation of the fetusRef: Williams Obs 23/e, p 582Single Umblical ArteryIt is seen in 07-0.8% cases of single pregnancy and 5% of twin pregnancyMore common in diabetic patients and black patients.Finding of a single umbilical artery is not in... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The following statements concerning chorda tympani nerve are true except that it | [
"Carries secretomotor fibers to submandibulgar gland",
"Joins lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa",
"Is a brach of facial nerve",
"Contains postganglionic parasympathetic fibers"
] | D | The chorda tympani is a branch of the facial nerve that originates from the taste buds in the front of the tongue, runs through the middle ear, and carries taste messages to the brain. It joins the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) inside the facial canal, at the level where the facial nerve exits the skull the petrotym... | train | med_mcqa | null |
If the kidney biopsy is done in a bronchogenic carcinoma patient who presents as a case of nephrotic syndrome, which lesions will be seen most likely? | [
"Membranous GN",
"Focal proliferative GN",
"Minimal change disease",
"Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis"
] | A | If a nephrotic syndrome presents in an adult patient, underlying malignancy should be considered. It may be found in 10- 22% of cases, being more prevalent in the older age group. Though both MGN and MPGN can be associated with lung malignancy, on a comparative basis the more commonly seen is MGN and is hence the answe... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Mesangial deposition of electron dense substance seen in- | [
"IgA nephropathy",
"Membranous nephropathy",
"Minimal change disease",
"Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., IgA nephropathy o IgA Nephropathy: shows presence of electron dense deposits in the mesangium. DiseaseMost frequentclinicalpresentationPathogenesisGlomerular pathology Light MicroscopyFluorescenceMicroscopy-Electron MicroscopyPostinfectious gl omerulonephritisNephriticsyndromeImmune complex mediated; ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
3 day old neonatal is brought by the mother to pediatrician, with complaints of yellowish discoloration of body. On testing bilirubin level is found to be 20mg/dL. What is the next step of management | [
"Stop breast feeding",
"Stop breast feeding and start phototherapy",
"Continue breastfeeding and start phototherapy",
"Initiate exchange transfusion"
] | C | Age
Cut - off for phototherapy
24-48 hours
15mg/dl
48-72 hours
18mg/dl
> 72 hours
20mg/dl | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not a criteria of a solitary benign pulmonary nodule on chest X-ray | [
"Less than 5cm size",
"Peripheral Location",
"Cavitation",
"Concentric Calcification."
] | C | Ans. is 'c' ie Cavitation (Ref Sutton, 6/e, p 316; Harrison, 16/e, p 512, 516 (15/e, p 568))Even looking in a large no. of books including radiology books, I could not get a satisfactory explanation. But still I could give some help on a repeatedly asked topic - Solitary Pulmonary nodule (SPN)"When apt: presents with a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Investigation of choice for Hydrocephalus in infants ? | [
"Cranial USG",
"CT Scan",
"MRI",
"X-ray skull"
] | A | Brain imaging Imaging tests can help diagnose hydrocephalus and identify underlying causes of the symptoms. These tests may include: Ultrasound. Ultrasound imaging, which uses high-frequency sound waves to produce images, is often used for an initial assessment for infants because it&;s a relatively simple, low-risk pr... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Eyebrows don't grow beyond ceain length as they have a sho ? | [
"Anagen phase",
"Telogen phase",
"Telogen phase",
"Exogen phase"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Anagen phase Hair grows in cycles of various phases. Anagen is growth phase. Catagen is involuting or regression phase. Telogen is resting phase. Exogen is shedding phase. Normally 90% of the follicles are in anagen phase, 10-14% are in Telogen and 1-2 % are in catagen. The cycles duration is variable... | train | med_mcqa | null |
In morphogenic stage of amelogenesis | [
"Inner enamel epithelium shows short columnar cells",
"Correlates with late bell stage of enamel formation",
"Both",
"None of the above"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
Size of particle for aerosol therapy is? | [
"0.5-1 µ",
"1-5 µ",
"5-10 µ",
"10-15 µ"
] | B | Reference: KDT, Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7th ed., Pg. 232.
Efficacy of aerosolized drug depends on the particlesize: 1–5 μm diameter particles deposit on the bronchioles and effectively deliver the drug. Larger particles settle on the oropharynx, while very fine particles do not settle anywhere and are exhal... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Pulsepressure is affected by? | [
"Stroke volume",
"Compliance of aorta",
"Ejection fraction",
"All"
] | D | ANSWER: (D) AllREF: Guytons physiology 11th edition page173Pulse Pressure is most easily defined as being the amount of pressure required to create the feeling of a pulse."Two major factors affect the pulse pressure; (1) the stroke volume output of the heart and (2) the compliance (total distensibility) of the arterial... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Methods to measure errors of refraction are all except | [
"Retinoscopy",
"Refractometry",
"Keratometry",
"Binocular balancing"
] | D | The final step in the subjective refraction is called "Binocular Balancing" - a process which is known as sometimes "Equalizing the accomodative effo" or "spherical equalization" This allows both eyes have the retinal image simultaneously in focus. Reference: AK khurana 7th edition | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient present painful vesicles in ear, and tongue. He is also complaining of facial weakness and hearing loss. Dignosis is ? | [
"Fungal infection",
"Chicken pox",
"Ramsay hunt syndrome",
"None"
] | C | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ramsay hunt syndrome Ramsay hunt syndrome It is lower motor neuron type official palsy due to Varicella (herpes) zoster. Pain is often a prominent feature and vesicles are seen in the ipsilateral ear, on the hard palate and/or on anterior two third of tongue. It may involve other cranial nerves-V, VII... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Amotivational syndrome is seen in - | [
"Cannabis",
"Cocaine",
"Amphetamine",
"LSD"
] | A | Amotivational syndrome is seen in Cannabis abuse. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Not true about Chondroblastoma | [
"Chicken wire appearance",
"CODMAN's tumor",
"Epiphyseal tumor",
"Treated by chemotherapy"
] | D | Treatment is surgical, extended currettage with bone grafting. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following disease is X-linked? | [
"Thalassemia",
"Colour blindness",
"Sickle cell anemia",
"Galactosemia"
] | B | Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 142
Below is a list of few X- Linked disorders from Robbins | train | med_mcqa | null |
Plateau phase of ventricular muscle is d/t opening of: | [
"Na+ channel",
"K+ channel",
"Ca2+-Na+ channel",
"Closure of K+channel"
] | C | Ans: C (Ca2+-Na+ channel) Guyton 11th/ 117: WritesCardiac muscle has three types of membrane ion channels that play important roles in causing the voltage changes of the action potential. They are (1) fast sodium channels, (2) slow sodium-calcium channels, and (3) potassium channels/* Opening of the fast sodium channel... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Morphine causes vomiting by acting on- | [
"C.T.Z",
"Gastric mucosa",
"Both of the above",
"None of the above"
] | A | Ans. is 'a' i.e., C.T.Z | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which aery does not take pa in Little&;s area? | [
"Anterior ethmoidal aery",
"Sphenopalatine aery",
"Greater palatine aery",
"Posterior ethmoidal aery"
] | D | (Refer: PL Dhingra, Textbook of Ear, Nose, Throat, 6thedition, pg no: 176)Little's area (Kiesselbach's plexus)Woodruff's areaSituated in anteroinferior pa of nasal septum just above the vestibule Situated in posterior end of inferior turbinateAeries - anterior ethmoidal, septal branch of superior labial, septal branch ... | train | med_mcqa | null |
5 YR old unvaccinated came to OPD with fever and red eyes on examination the following type of rash is seen. What is the most likely complication associated with this condition Caption | [
"Acute myocarditis",
"Acute nephritis",
"Acute pancreatitis",
"Acute orchits"
] | A | In above case child is usually suffering from measles. Most likely complication associated with this condition among the above option is Acute myocarditis. Virus causing myocarditis- Common - Coxsackie A,B , Echovirus, HIV , Influenza Less common - Adenovirus, measles , HSV 1, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella and varicella zos... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Kidney changes in AIIDS patient -a) Membranous GNb) Wire loop lesionc) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosisd) Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritise) Kimmelstiel Wilson lesion | [
"abc",
"ad",
"bc",
"bde"
] | C | null | train | med_mcqa | null |
The most common association of renal failure in obstetrics is? | [
"PIH",
"Sepsis",
"Abruptio placentae",
"HELLP syndrome"
] | A | Ans. A. PIH. (Ref Williams Obstetrics. 22nd ed. Chapter 48; pg. 1255-1258; Table 48-6).Today, renal failure is most often associated with severe preeclampsia - eclampsia [with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome) developed renal failure).Obstetrical hemorrhage, notably placental abrupti... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Post-term pregnancy is the pregnancy which continues beyond: | [
"274 days",
"284 days",
"294 days",
"304 days"
] | C | The pregnancy which exceeds 294 days(42 weeks) or more from the first day of the last menstrual period is known as prolonged or post term pregnancy. | train | med_mcqa | null |
A patient has dyspnea, syncope and angina. What is the most likely diagnosis? | [
"Aortic stenosis",
"Aortic regurgitation",
"Atrial septal defect",
"Ventricular septal defect"
] | A | Ans. a. Aortic stenosis (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1529. 18/e p 1939)Patients of aortic stenosis have dyspnea, syncope and angina.'Most patients with pure or predominant AS have gradually increasing obstruction over years, but do not become symptomatic until the sixth to eighth decades. Exertional dyspnea, angina pectoris, a... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Brown tumour is seen in- | [
"Increased ptfcathyroid hormone",
"Increased thyroxine",
"Increase thyroid",
"Increased calcitonin"
] | A | Brown tumour is seen in hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumours are not actually tumours but are localised accumulations of hemorrhage and blood pigments and reactive masses of osteoclasts in a spindle shaped stroma. Ref:harrison | train | med_mcqa | null |
Which of the following DOES NOT depend on insulin for glucose uptake : | [
"Brain",
"Cardiac muscles",
"Skeletal muscles",
"Adipose tissue"
] | A | Option a - Brain does not depend on insulin for glucose uptake Glucose uptake occurs in muscles (cardiac & skeletal) & adipose tissue GLUT-4 , which is insulin dependent. Only GLUT-4 is dependent on Insulin. In brain, GLUT-1 & GLUT-3 are present which are active during fasting state. Insulin always acts in a fed state.... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Hilar lymphadenopathy is seen in which type of Hodgkin's desease - | [
"Lymphocyte predominent",
"Mixed type",
"Lymphocyte depleted",
"Nodular sclerosis"
] | D | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Nodular sclerosiso Mediastnal lymphnode involvement is mostly seen with Nodular sclerosis type of HL. | train | med_mcqa | null |
In an infant born to a HIV infected mother, at what age of child the ELISA test can reliably diagnose HIV infection | [
"18 months",
"9 months",
"12 months",
"3 months"
] | A | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting are used to initially detect HIV-specific antibodies but these tests are not used for diagnosis in patients younger than 18 months of age. This is because of the persistence of the maternal HIV antibody in infants younger than 18 months.
Infants younger th... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Following organelles are involved in the formation of N-glycosylated producta) Golgi apparatusb) Nucleolusc) SERd) RERe) Peroxisomes | [
"ad",
"c",
"ac",
"ab"
] | A | Organelles involved in N-linked glycosides are:- Ribosomes (synthesis of polypeptide chain), rough endoplasmic reticulum: RER (synthesis of oligosaccharide unit on dolichol, transfer of oligosaccharide unit from dolichol to the polypeptide chain, processing) and Golgi apparatus (processing, i.e. trimming and/or additio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
Prolonged allopurinol therapy in a patient with gout is NOT indicated for: | [
"Acute gouty ahritis",
"Tophi",
"Urate nephropathy",
"Evidence of bone/joint damage"
] | A | Allopurinol is the drug of choice in- Severe tophaceous deposits Uric acid nephropathy/nephrolithiasis. Sudden increase or decrease in serum levels of uric acid can trigger acute gout attack. Allopurinol initially mobilizes uric acid stored in the tissues and increases serum uric acid level, which can make the situatio... | train | med_mcqa | null |
The pre-malignant condition with the highest probability of progression to malignancy is | [
"Dysplasia",
"Hyperplasia",
"Leuoplakia",
"Erythroplakia"
] | D | Incidence of malignant change in erythroplakia is 17- fold higher than in leukoplakia. | train | med_mcqa | null |
Anti topoisomerase 1 is marker of | [
"Systemic sclerosis",
"Classical polyaeritis nodosa",
"Nephrotic syndrome",
"Rheumatoid ahritis"
] | A | Ref Robbins 9/e p228 B cell activation also occurs, as indicated by the pres- ence of hypergammaglobulinemia and ANAs. Although there is no evidence that humoral immunity plays a signifi- cant role in the pathogenesis of SS, two of the ANAs are viually unique to this disease and are therefore useful in diagnosis (Table... | train | med_mcqa | null |
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