question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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What is the term for a mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives inside the other? | [
"symbiosis",
"endosymbiosis",
"parasite",
"parthenogenesis"
] | B | Endosymbiosis We have mentioned that both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA and ribosomes. Have you wondered why? Strong evidence points to endosymbiosis as the explanation. Symbiosis is a relationship in which organisms from two separate species depend on each other for their survival. Endosymbiosis (endo- = “... | train | sciq | null |
All new alleles are formed by what types of mutations? | [
"chaotic",
"systemic",
"random",
"ordinary"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What are seeds plants that produce naked seeds in cones called? | [
"gymnosperms",
"angiosperms",
"cytoplasm",
"lipids"
] | A | Gymnosperms are seed plants that produce naked seeds in cones. There are about 1000 species of gymnosperms. Conifers are the most common group of gymnosperms. The spruce tree in Figure below is an example of a conifer. | train | sciq | null |
Water is the solvent in solutions called acids and? | [
"nutrients",
"alkalines",
"bases",
"proteins"
] | C | Water is the solvent in solutions called acids and bases. To understand acids and bases, it is important to know more about pure water, in which nothing is dissolved. In pure water (such as distilled water), a tiny fraction of water molecules naturally breaks down, or dissociates, to form ions. An ion is an electricall... | train | sciq | null |
What two gases are the main components of air? | [
"hydrogen and helium",
"nitrogen and oxygen",
"carbon and oxygen",
"oxygen and helium"
] | B | A: Other examples of liquid mixtures include salt water and salad dressing. Air is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen. The rock pictured in the Figure below is a solid mixture. | train | sciq | null |
Anaerobic prokaryotes can live without what compound in their environment (it's a compound that people do need to live)? | [
"nitrogen",
"carbon",
"oxygen",
"Hydrogen"
] | C | Aerobic prokaryotes live in habitats with oxygen. Anaerobic prokaryotes live in habitats without oxygen. Prokaryotes may also be adapted to habitats that are hot, moderate, or cold in temperature. | train | sciq | null |
What part of earth do many animals use for navigation? | [
"molten core",
"atmosphere",
"magnetic field",
"oceans"
] | C | Another benefit of Earth’s magnetic field is its use for navigation. People use compasses to detect Earth’s magnetic north pole and tell direction. Many animals have natural “compasses” that work just as well. For example, the loggerhead turtle in the Figure below senses the direction and strength of Earth’s magnetic f... | train | sciq | null |
Endocytosis and exocytosis are types of vesicle transport that carry very large molecules across what structure? | [
"cell substrate",
"the heart",
"cell membrane",
"dermis"
] | C | Illustration of the two types of vesicle transport, exocytosis and endocytosis. Endocytosis and exocytosis are types of vesicle transport that carry very large molecules across the cell membrane. | train | sciq | null |
What are biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy and make cell membranes? | [
"proteins",
"carbohydrates",
"nucleic acid",
"lipids"
] | D | Lipids are biochemical compounds that living things use to store energy and make cell membranes. Types of lipids include fats, oils, and phospholipids. | train | sciq | null |
What happens to the volume of a balloon when you add moles of gas to it by blowing up? | [
"increases",
"decreases",
"changes randomly",
"stays the same"
] | A | where is the number of moles of gas and is a constant. Avogadro’s law is in evidence whenever you blow up a balloon. The volume of the balloon increases as you add moles of gas to the balloon by blowing it up. | train | sciq | null |
The addition of starting materials and the removal of end products prevent metabolism from reaching what state? | [
"equilibrium",
"imbalance",
"inequality",
"constant"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
In what year was the hardy-weinberg theorem formulated? | [
"1901",
"1938",
"1908",
"1928"
] | C | Evolution occurs in a population when allele frequencies change over time. What causes allele frequencies to change? That question was answered by Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg in 1908 (see the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem concept). | train | sciq | null |
The regulation of gene expression is extremely important during the development of what? | [
"organism",
"protein",
"tissues",
"cells"
] | A | 3. Name and describe the division of gymnosperms. | train | sciq | null |
What does a virus inject into the host cell? | [
"cells acid",
"nucleic acid",
"Acetic acid",
"proteins acid"
] | B | 22.2.1 Lytic Cycle 1. Attachment: The virus binds to specific receptors on the host cell. Entry: There are two ways in which a virus can enter cells. Firstly, the virus can inject its nucleic acid into the host cell. Secondly, if a virus is contained in an envelope, the host cell can phagocytosise the entire virus part... | train | sciq | null |
Mutations in regulatory genes that normally control the cell cycle cause what? | [
"cancer",
"illness",
"tumors",
"anxiety"
] | A | Mutations in regulatory genes that normally control the cell cycle cause cancer. | train | sciq | null |
Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and what else? | [
"hemoglobin",
"pathogens",
"plasma",
"potassium"
] | C | Did you know that blood is a tissue? Blood is a fluid connective tissue that is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. The cells that make up blood are pictured below ( Figure below ). The different parts of blood have different roles. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment? | [
"radiology",
"ecology",
"anthropology",
"biology"
] | B | Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment. It is a major branch of biology, but has areas of overlap with geography, geology, climatology, and other sciences. This lesson introduces fundamental concepts in ecology, beginning with organisms and the environment. | train | sciq | null |
What takes place directly after developing a hypothesis in the scientific method process? | [
"making a conclusion",
"gathering materials",
"independent variables",
"testing the hypothesis"
] | D | Scientific method is a process consisting of making observations, developing a hypothesis, and testing that hypothesis. | train | sciq | null |
What should you use to protect your eyes from chemicals? | [
"your hands",
"contacts",
"certain goggles",
"eye goggles"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Because action potentials are so brief, a neuron can produce hundreds per what? | [
"day",
"second",
"minute",
"lifetime"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Darwin coined what term to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring? | [
"metabolism",
"fitness",
"strength",
"momentum"
] | B | Darwin coined the term fitness to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring. Nature selects the variations that are most useful. Therefore, he called this type of selection natural selection. | train | sciq | null |
At high pressures, how are the molecules of a gas crowded? | [
"closer together",
"further apart",
"small together",
"few together"
] | A | Particles of a hypothetical ideal gas have no significant volume and do not attract or repel each other. In general, real gases approximate this behavior at relatively low pressures and high temperatures. However, at high pressures, the molecules of a gas are crowded closer together, and the amount of empty space betwe... | train | sciq | null |
The number of possible isomers increases tremendously as carbon skeletons increase in what? | [
"weight",
"mass",
"size",
"variation"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What are vascular plants that produce seeds in cones called? | [
"deciduous",
"gymnosperms",
"angiosperms",
"evergreen"
] | B | Gymnosperms are vascular plants that produce seeds in cones. Examples include conifers such as pine and spruce trees. The gymnosperm life cycle has a very dominant sporophyte generation. Both gametophytes and the next generation’s new sporophytes develop on the sporophyte parent plant. Figure below is a diagram of a gy... | train | sciq | null |
What does photosynthesis change light energy into? | [
"chemical energy",
"radiation energy",
"carbon energy",
"electrical energy"
] | A | Photosynthesis changes light energy to chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in the bonds of glucose molecules. Glucose, in turn, is used for energy by the cells of almost all living things. Photosynthetic organisms such as plants make their own glucose. Other organisms get glucose by consuming plants (or orga... | train | sciq | null |
Addiction affects what type of chemical receptors within the brain? | [
"dopamine receptors",
"mitochondria receptors",
"bind receptors",
"serotonin receptors"
] | A | Figure above shows the accumulation of radioactive compounds that bind to dopamine receptors. The non-addicted individuals have large numbers of receptors for dopamine. The addicted persons show less binding to these receptors, indicating that fewer receptors are present. | train | sciq | null |
What is the ability of an atom to emit, or give off, charged particles and energy from the nucleus? | [
"electromagnetism",
"magnetism",
"electrolysis",
"radioactivity"
] | D | Radioactivity is the ability of an atom to emit, or give off, charged particles and energy from the nucleus. The charged particles and energy are called by the general term radiation . Only unstable nuclei emit radiation. When they do, they gain or lose protons. Then the atoms become different elements. (Be careful not... | train | sciq | null |
What group of gases are unusually unreactive? | [
"halogens",
"greenhouse gases",
"volcanic gases",
"noble gases"
] | D | Nonmetals tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions and have a high attraction to electrons within a compound. The most reactive nonmetals reside in the upper right portion of the periodic table. Since the noble gases are an unusually unreactive group, the element fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. It is also n... | train | sciq | null |
A point defect can be an atom missing from a site in the crystal known as a what? | [
"vacancy",
"deficiency",
"vacuum",
"void"
] | A | Summary Real crystals contain large numbers of defects. Defects may affect only a single point in the lattice (a point defect), a row of lattice points (a line defect), or a plane of atoms (a plane defect). A point defect can be an atom missing from a site in the crystal (a vacancy) or an impurity atom that occupies. | train | sciq | null |
What is the place called where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another? | [
"apoptosis",
"uptake",
"neurotransmitter",
"synapse"
] | D | The place where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrite of another is called a synapse . Synapses are also found between neurons and other types of cells, such as muscle cells. The axon of the sending neuron does not actually touch the dendrite of the receiving neuron. There is a tiny gap between them, the synaptic c... | train | sciq | null |
Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of what? | [
"carbon compounds",
"metals",
"hydrogen",
"oxidation"
] | A | Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of carbon compounds. | train | sciq | null |
Gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves are examples of what class? | [
"invertebrates",
"cetaceans",
"animals",
"mollusks"
] | D | Mollusks are divided into ten living classes, including the familiar gastropods, cephalopods, and bivalves. | train | sciq | null |
What type of cholesterol is commonly referred to as bad? | [
"insulin",
"unsaturated",
"hdl",
"ldl"
] | D | When you get your cholesterol tested, they are measuring not only the total amount of cholesterol in the blood, but also whether it is being transported by LDL or HDL. All of these values are important for assessing the likelihood of a heart attack. Total cholesterol gives an idea of the overall cholesterol load in the... | train | sciq | null |
Where does most natural gas come from? | [
"alchemy",
"wells that produce petroleum",
"recycled cooking oil",
"oceans"
] | B | Most natural gas comes from the wells that produce petroleum. An increasing amount comes from a new method. Hydraulic fracturing, called fracking , is very much in the news lately. Fracking makes it easier and quicker to get natural gas from the rock ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
Medical problems associated with the body responding poorly to insulin are commonly associated with what disease? | [
"diabetes",
"colitis",
"AIDS",
"pertussis"
] | A | In some cases, an endocrine gland secretes a normal amount of hormone, but target cells do not respond to the hormone. Often, this is because target cells have become resistant to the hormone. Type 2 diabetes is an example of this type of endocrine disorder. In type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond to normal amoun... | train | sciq | null |
The pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon maintain glucose homeostasis by tightly regulating the synthesis and breakdown of what? | [
"glycogen",
"pathway",
"enzyme",
"lipids"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
The marsupial embryo is nourished inside the uterus with food from a yolk sac instead of through a what? | [
"ovum",
"umbilical cord",
"placenta",
"stomach"
] | C | The marsupial embryo is nourished inside the uterus with food from a yolk sac instead of through a placenta. The yolk sac stores enough food for the short period of time the embryo remains in the uterus. After the embryo is born, it moves into the mother’s pouch, where it clings to a nipple. It remains inside the pouch... | train | sciq | null |
The substances that comprise heterogeneous mixtures can also be separated by what means? | [
"atmospheric",
"physical",
"chemical",
"thermal"
] | B | The substances that comprise heterogeneous mixtures can also be separated by physical means. We will discuss separation techniques in the following lesson. | train | sciq | null |
What type of organism has spores that are spread by water and wind? | [
"fungi",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"yeast"
] | A | Spores may be dispersed by moving water, wind, or other organisms. Some fungi even have “cannons” that “shoot” the spores far from the parent organism. This helps to ensure that the offspring will not have to compete with the parents for space or other resources. You are probably familiar with puffballs, like the one i... | train | sciq | null |
Through which organ do hookworm larvae enter the human body? | [
"through the mouth",
"through the lungs",
"through the skin",
"through the rectum"
] | C | Parasitic roundworms may have plant, vertebrate, or invertebrate hosts. Several species have human hosts. For example, hookworms, like the one in Figure below , are human parasites. They infect the human intestine. They are named for the hooks they use to grab onto the host’s tissues. Hookworm larvae enter the host thr... | train | sciq | null |
Inside a cylinder, thermal energy is converted to what type of energy of the moving piston? | [
"electrochemical energy",
"horsepower",
"kinetic energy",
"residual energy"
] | C | Thermal energy is converted to the kinetic energy of the moving piston inside the cylinder. The moving piston, in turn, can be used to turn a turbine or do other useful work. | train | sciq | null |
To the extent that behaviors are controlled by what, they may evolve through natural selection? | [
"rna",
"genes",
"mutation",
"dna"
] | B | To the extent that behaviors are controlled by genes, they may evolve through natural selection. If behaviors increase fitness , they are likely to become more common over time. If they decrease fitness, they are likely to become less common. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of muscle relationship generally produces back-and-forth movement of a body part? | [
"complementary muscles",
"antagonistic muscles",
"synchronized muscles",
"cooperative muscles"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
Science is a process of knowing about the natural universe through what two actions? | [
"guessing and observing",
"observation and experimentation",
"changes and experimentation",
"thinking and guessing"
] | B | Science is a process of knowing about the natural universe through observation and experiment. | train | sciq | null |
Through a process called electromagnetic induction, generators change what energy form of a spinning turbine to electrical energy? | [
"potential",
"electric",
"seismic",
"kinetic"
] | D | Generators change the kinetic energy of a spinning turbine to electrical energy in a process called electromagnetic induction. You can read about generators and how they work in the chapter "Electromagnetism. ". | train | sciq | null |
Footprints, burrows, and waste are considered what type of fossils? | [
"trace fossils",
"movement fossils",
"crater fossils",
"morphology fossils"
] | A | Preserved traces can include footprints, burrows, or even wastes. Examples of these types of fossils, called trace fossils are picture below ( Figure below and Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
What process of allows multicellular organisms to grow and repair themselves? | [
"DNA division",
"cell division",
"atom split",
"proteins division"
] | B | The process of cell division is how multicellular organisms grow and repair themselves. It is also how many organisms produce offspring. For many single-celled organisms, asexual reproduction is a similar process. The parent cell simply divides to form two daughter cells that are identical to the parent. Asexual reprod... | train | sciq | null |
What is the process of a confined gas escaping through a tiny hole in its container called? | [
"effluent",
"effusion",
"dilution",
"dissipation"
] | B | Another related process is effusion. Effusion is the process of a confined gas escaping through a tiny hole in its container. Effusion can be observed by the fact that a helium-filled balloon will stop floating and sink to the floor after a day or so. This is because the helium gas effuses through tiny pores in the bal... | train | sciq | null |
What is a relationship between living things that depend on the same resources? | [
"parasitic",
"contention",
"competition",
"symbiotic"
] | C | Competition is a relationship between living things that depend on the same resources. The resources may be food, water, or anything else they both need. Competition occurs whenever they both try to get the same resources in the same place and at the same time. The two organisms are likely to come into conflict, and th... | train | sciq | null |
What is the measure of an individual’s weight-to-height ratio called? | [
"body mass index (bmi)",
"density index (di)",
"body density index (bdi)",
"body matter index (bmi)"
] | A | Metabolism and Obesity Obesity in the United States is epidemic. The rate of obesity has been steadily rising since the 1980s. In the 1990s, most states reported that less than 10 percent of their populations was obese, and the state with the highest rate reported that only 15 percent of their population was considered... | train | sciq | null |
When you are walking on a sidewalk, what occurs between your shoes and the concrete each time you put down your foot? | [
"progress",
"movement",
"static friction",
"grip"
] | C | Static friction acts on objects when they are resting on a surface. For example, if you are walking on a sidewalk, there is static friction between your shoes and the concrete each time you put down your foot (see Figure below ). Without this static friction, your feet would slip out from under you, making it difficult... | train | sciq | null |
According to the english system measurement, how much is equal to 2 pints, 1 quart, and ¼ of a gallon? | [
"4 cups",
"3 cups",
"1 cup",
"2 cups"
] | A | Many quantities can be expressed in several different ways. The English system measurement of 4 cups is also equal to 2 pints, 1 quart, and ¼ of a gallon. | train | sciq | null |
Many important crops, such as corn, are planted and harvested as what? | [
"trees",
"berries",
"seeds",
"cuttings"
] | C | Many important crops, such as corn, are planted and harvested as seeds. These seeds are important sources of food. For example, corn is ground into feed for chickens and cows. And corn syrup is used to sweeten beverages and candy. But most importantly, seeds are the starting point for a new plant. | train | sciq | null |
The turbine of a windmill spins and creates what? | [
"pollution",
"lightning",
"grains",
"electricity"
] | D | Wind power uses moving air as a source of energy. Some types of wind power have been around for a long time. People have used windmills to grind grain and pump water for hundreds of years. Sailing ships have depended on wind for millennia. Wind is now used to generate electricity. Moving air can make a turbine spin, ju... | train | sciq | null |
Found in cord blood and other sources, what kind of cells hold the promise of renewing and repairing body tissues? | [
"neurons",
"stem cells",
"white blood cells",
"red blood cells"
] | B | Stem Cell Research Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, whic... | train | sciq | null |
Which law explains why a ship weighing thousands of metric tons floats on water? | [
"water pressure law",
"ganymede ' law",
"hofstadter ' law",
"archimedes' law"
] | D | Do you see the man sitting on top of this tanker truck? He gives you a sense of how big the truck is. What’s behind the truck? Is it a huge apartment complex? It’s just as massive as a very large building, but it’s not even resting on land. It’s a giant cruise ship, and it’s floating on water. The ship weighs about 100... | train | sciq | null |
The urinary system can be considered a smaller part of what other body system? | [
"circulatory",
"extraneous",
"excretory",
"sensory"
] | C | Sometimes, the urinary system ( Figure below ) is called the excretory system. But the urinary system is only one part of the excretory system. Recall that the excretory system is also made up of the skin, lungs, and large intestine, as well as the kidneys. The urinary system is the organ system that makes, stores, and... | train | sciq | null |
Essential minerals that the body needs in tiny quantities are called what? | [
"flux minerals",
"draw minerals",
"byproduct minerals",
"trace minerals"
] | D | Food and Drink App: Vitamins and Minerals Vitamins are nutrients that our bodies need in small amounts but cannot synthesize; therefore, they must be obtained from the diet. The word vitamin comes from “vital amine” because it was once thought that all these compounds had an amine group (NH2) in it. This is not actuall... | train | sciq | null |
The process by which leaves collect sunlight and make food is called this? | [
"budding",
"photosynthesis",
"glycolysis",
"pollination"
] | B | The primary function of leaves is to collect sunlight and make food by photosynthesis. | train | sciq | null |
What are the three types of rna involved in protein synthesis? | [
"messenger, organic and transfer",
"messenger, transfer, and organic",
"organic , transfer , and ribosomal",
"messenger, transfer, and ribosomal"
] | D | There are three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribisomal RNA (rRNA). All three of these nucleic acids work together to produce a protein. The mRNA takes the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where the ribosomes are located. Ribosomes are ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for chordates with a vertebral column and endoskeleton of cartilage and bone? | [
"insect",
"am",
"mammel",
"vertebrate"
] | D | Vertebrates are chordates with a vertebral column and endoskeleton of cartilage and bone. Vertebrates also have several organ systems. | train | sciq | null |
What does a keratometer measure in the cornea? | [
"diameter",
"Lenght",
"curve",
"Width"
] | C | 25.7 Image Formation by Mirrors 53. What is the focal length of a makeup mirror that has a power of 1.50 D? 54. Some telephoto cameras use a mirror rather than a lens. What radius of curvature mirror is needed to replace a 800 mm focal length telephoto lens? 55. (a) Calculate the focal length of the mirror formed by th... | train | sciq | null |
What is it called when an egg develops into an individual without being fertilized? | [
"metamorphosis",
"abiogenesis",
"symbiosis",
"parthenogenesis"
] | D | Parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into an individual without being fertilized. The resulting offspring can be either haploid or diploid, depending on the process in the species. Parthenogenesis occurs in invertebrates such as water fleas, rotifers, aphids, stick ... | train | sciq | null |
Many adolescents experience frequent mood swings. name one of the causes for this. | [
"growing hormones",
"maturing nervous system",
"surging hormones",
"psychological changes"
] | C | Adolescents may have mood swings because of surging hormones. | train | sciq | null |
Through what does the nerve impulses travel to the brain? | [
"trochlear nerve",
"optic nerve",
"abducent nerve",
"oculomotor nerve"
] | B | When light hits rods and cones, it causes chemical changes. The chemical changes start nerve impulses. The nerve impulses travel to the brain through the optic nerve . | train | sciq | null |
The difference in electric potential energy which allows for an electric charge to move from one position to another is measured by what si unit? | [
"joule",
"volt",
"meter",
"ohm"
] | B | In general, for an electric charge to move from one position to another, there must be a difference in electric potential energy between the two positions. The difference in electric potential energy is called potential difference, or voltage . Voltage is measured in an SI unit called the volt (V). For example, the ter... | train | sciq | null |
The properties of the alkali metals are similar to each other as expected for elements in the same what? | [
"family",
"class",
"branch",
"farm"
] | A | The properties of the alkali metals are similar to each other as expected for elements in the same family. The alkali metals have the largest atomic radii and the lowest first ionization energy in their periods. This combination makes it very easy to remove the single electron in the outermost (valence) shell of each. ... | train | sciq | null |
Which division of the peripheral nervous system carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system? | [
"extrasensory division",
"vascular division",
"neural division",
"sensory division"
] | D | All other nervous tissue in the body makes up the peripheral nervous system, which has two major divisions. The sensory division carries messages from sense organs and internal organs to the central nervous system. The motor division carries messages from the central nervous system to muscles, internal organs, and glan... | train | sciq | null |
An ether is an organic compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same atom of what? | [
"sulfur",
"oxygen",
"hydrogen",
"nitrogen"
] | B | An ether is an organic compound in which two hydrocarbon groups are bonded to the same atom of oxygen. An ether is represented by the general formula R−O−R’. The R’ in the formula means that the hydrocarbon group can be the same as R or it can be different. The steps for naming ethers are listed below. | train | sciq | null |
Featuring a stalk-like filament that ends in an anther, what is the male reproductive organ in a flower? | [
"stamen",
"petals",
"angiosperms",
"cones"
] | A | The male reproductive organ in a flower is the stamen . It has a stalk-like filament that ends in an anther. The anther is where pollen forms. | train | sciq | null |
What controls the movements of hands and arms? | [
"voluntary nervous system",
"somatic nervous system",
"autonomic nervous system",
"functional nervous system"
] | B | Scott Schram. The somatic nervous system controls the movements of hands and arms . CC BY 2.0. | train | sciq | null |
Refraction happens when light bends from doing what in a new medium? | [
"changing color",
"changing trajectory",
"changing brightness",
"changing speed"
] | D | Facts are true. Data, gathered correctly, is factual. Facts and data are not subject to opinion or bias. | train | sciq | null |
What is the basic structure that holds plants upright, allowing plants to get the sunlight and air they need? | [
"root",
"twig",
"stem",
"stamen"
] | C | Stems are organs that hold plants upright. They allow plants to get the sunlight and air they need. Stems also bear leaves, flowers, cones, and smaller stems. These structures grow at points called nodes. The stem between nodes is called an internode. (See Figure below . ). | train | sciq | null |
The waves on the strings of musical instruments are transverse—so are electromagnetic waves, such as visible light. sound waves in air and water are this? | [
"hydroelectric",
"horizontal",
"longitudinal",
"symmetrical"
] | C | Waves may be transverse, longitudinal, or a combination of the two. (Water waves are actually a combination of transverse and longitudinal. The simplified water wave illustrated in Figure 16.30 shows no longitudinal motion of the bird. ) The waves on the strings of musical instruments are transverse—so are electromagne... | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage? | [
"pelvis",
"sternum",
"tibia",
"collar bone"
] | B | Sternum The sternum is the elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. The manubrium is the wider, superior portion of the sternum. The top of the manubrium has a shallow, U-shaped border called the jugular (suprasternal) notch.... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most numerous species on the planet? | [
"trees",
"bacteria",
"humans",
"viruses"
] | B | Practically all surfaces. Bacteria can live and grow in practically any environment. It is this ability that has made bacteria the most numerous species on the planet. | train | sciq | null |
What are the earth's two poles called? | [
"north and south",
"west and south",
"east and west",
"southwest and south"
] | A | A magnet is an object that attracts certain materials such as iron. You’re probably familiar with common bar magnets, like the one shown in the Figure below . Like all magnets, this bar magnet has north and south magnetic poles . The red end of the magnet is the north pole and the blue end is the south pole. The poles ... | train | sciq | null |
Chloroplasts and chromoplasts are examples of which membrane bound organelle containing their own dna? | [
"polymers",
"bacteria",
"plastids",
"chromosomes"
] | C | Plastids are membrane-bound organelles with their own DNA. Examples are chloroplasts and chromoplasts. Chloroplasts contain the green pigment chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis. Chromoplasts make and store other pigments. They give flower petals their bright colors. | train | sciq | null |
Birds are the most numerous type of what vertebrates? | [
"amphipod",
"ornithopod",
"tetrapod",
"arachnipod"
] | C | Birds evolved from a reptile ancestor but they are very different from reptiles today. Birds are also the most numerous tetrapod vertebrates. | train | sciq | null |
Viruses were assumed to exist before they were first seen with an electron microscope in which decade? | [
"1890's",
"1960's",
"1940's",
"1930 ' s"
] | D | Viruses were assumed to exist before they were first seen with an electron microscope in the 1930s. Multiple hypotheses for viral origins have been proposed. | train | sciq | null |
Matter is always conserved in what type of reaction? | [
"chemical reaction",
"developed reaction",
"toxic reaction",
"Quick reaction"
] | A | In a chemical reaction, the quantity of each element does not change; there is the same amount of each element in the products as there was in the reactants. This is because matter is always conserved. The conservation of matter is reflected in a reaction’s chemical equation. The same number of atoms of each element ap... | train | sciq | null |
Most flowers carry both stamens and carpels; however, a few species are capable of what and are nicknamed "perfect" flowers? | [
"self-pollination",
"cloning",
"sexual reproduction",
"germination"
] | A | Most flowers carry both stamens and carpels; however, a few species self-pollinate. These are known as “perfect” flowers because they contain both types of sex organs (Figure 14.25. Biochemical and anatomical barriers to self-pollination promote cross-pollination. Self-pollination is a severe form of inbreeding, and ca... | train | sciq | null |
The entry of food into the esophagus marks the beginning of the esophageal phase of deglutition and the initiation of this? | [
"peristalsis",
"relaxation",
"propagation",
"digestion"
] | A | The Esophageal Phase The entry of food into the esophagus marks the beginning of the esophageal phase of deglutition and the initiation of peristalsis. As in the previous phase, the complex neuromuscular actions are controlled by the medulla oblongata. Peristalsis propels the bolus through the esophagus and toward the ... | train | sciq | null |
Where are the seeds in gymnosperms found? | [
"in cones",
"in folds",
"in leaves",
"in roots"
] | A | Gymnosperms have seeds, but they do not produce fruit. Instead, the seeds of gymnosperms are usually found in cones. | train | sciq | null |
Oil is found in the porous rock layer and trapped by the what? | [
"crystalline layer",
"\\",
"mantle",
"impermeable layer"
] | D | Oil (red) is found in the porous rock layer (yellow) and trapped by the impermeable layer (brown). The folded structure has allowed the oil to pool so a well can be drilled into the reservoir. | train | sciq | null |
The number of valence electrons determines variation of what property in nonmetals? | [
"turbidity",
"reactivity",
"permeability",
"density"
] | B | Reactivity is how likely an element is to react chemically with other elements. Some nonmetals are extremely reactive, whereas others are completely nonreactive. What explains this variation in nonmetals? The answer is their number of valence electrons. These are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom that ... | train | sciq | null |
Hydrogen and helium are specifically involved as reactants in what nuclear reaction that is useful for making energy? | [
"nuclear fission",
"destructive fusion",
"radioactive fusion",
"nuclear fusion"
] | D | The use of nuclear fusion for energy has several pros. Unlike nuclear fission, which involves dangerous radioactive elements, nuclear fusion involves just hydrogen and helium. These elements are harmless. Hydrogen is also very plentiful. There is a huge amount of hydrogen in ocean water. The hydrogen in just a gallon o... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most widely used form of renewable energy in the world? | [
"fossil fuel",
"hydropower",
"solar",
"wind"
] | B | Moving water has energy ( Figure above ). That energy is used to make electricity. Hydroelectric power , or hydropower, harnesses the energy of water moving down a stream. Hydropower is the most widely used form of renewable energy in the world. This abundant energy source provides almost one fifth of the world’s elect... | train | sciq | null |
What energy is the energy of motion? | [
"optimal",
"kinetic",
"potential",
"thermal"
] | B | Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. Any object that is moving possesses kinetic energy. Baseball involves a great deal of kinetic energy. The pitcher throws a ball, imparting kinetic energy to the ball. When the batter swings, the motion of swinging creates kinetic energy in the bat. The collision of the bat with t... | train | sciq | null |
Where do stratus clouds occur in the troposphere? | [
"mid to high region",
"high",
"low",
"mid-region"
] | C | Stratus clouds occur low in the troposphere. They form in layers that spread horizontally and may cover the entire sky like a thick blanket. Stratus clouds that produce precipitation are called nimbostratus. The prefix nimbo- means “rain. ”. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of movement do planets in the solar system make around the sun? | [
"optical orbits",
"spinning orbits",
"round orbits",
"elliptical orbits"
] | D | Flickr:Image Editor. Planets in the solar system make elliptical orbits around the Sun . CC BY 2.0. | train | sciq | null |
Which process breaks down glucose to extract energy for cell metabolism? | [
"photosynthesis",
"glycolysis",
"meiosis",
"mitosis"
] | B | Glycolysis You have read that nearly all of the energy used by living things comes to them in the bonds of the sugar, glucose. Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cell metabolism. Many living organisms carry out glycolysis as part of their metabolism. Glycolysis takes place in... | train | sciq | null |
What does fluorine attract better than any other element? | [
"magnets",
"shared electrons",
"ionic bonds",
"electron shells"
] | B | Valence electrons of both atoms are always involved when those two atoms come together to form a chemical bond. Chemical bonds are the basis for how elements combine with one another to form compounds. When these chemical bonds form, atoms of some elements have a greater ability to attract the valence electrons involve... | train | sciq | null |
What term is used to describe the muscular canal (approximately 10 cm long) that serves as the entrance to the reproductive tract? | [
"vagina",
"uterus",
"urethra",
"cervix"
] | A | Vagina The vagina, shown at the bottom of Figure 27.9 and Figure 27.9, is a muscular canal (approximately 10 cm long) that serves as the entrance to the reproductive tract. It also serves as the exit from the uterus during menses and childbirth. The outer walls of the anterior and posterior vagina are formed into longi... | train | sciq | null |
What type of energy travels through space as electrical and magnetic waves? | [
"electromagnetic energy",
"solar energy",
"sound energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | A | 4. Electromagnetic energy is energy that travels through space as electrical and magnetic waves. The light flooding the stage in the Figure above is one type of electromagnetic energy. Other types include radio waves, microwaves, X rays, and gamma rays. | train | sciq | null |
What are subatomic particles of the nucleus called? | [
"baryons",
"nucleons",
"cores",
"isotopes"
] | B | Summary Subatomic particles of the nucleus (protons and neutrons) are called nucleons. Anuclide is an atom with a particular number of protons and neutrons. An unstable nucleus that decays spontaneously is radioactive, and its emissions are collectively called radioactivity. Isotopes that emit radiation are calledradio... | train | sciq | null |
What blood pressure reading measures the pressure in the vessels between heartbeats? | [
"metabolic",
"systolic",
"plasma",
"diastolic"
] | D | 40.4 | Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the system of blood flow through the body • Describe how blood pressure is regulated Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by blood on the walls of a blood vessel that helps to push blood through the body. ... | train | sciq | null |
What holds ionic and covalent compounds together? | [
"electrostatic attractions",
"gravity",
"magnetic force",
"water"
] | A | Ionic and covalent compounds are held together by electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged particles. Describe the differences in the nature of the attractions in ionic and covalent compounds. Which class of compounds contains pairs of electrons shared between bonded atoms?. | train | sciq | null |
Amines are bases; they react with acids to form what? | [
"oils",
"ions",
"salts",
"proteins"
] | C | Amines are bases; they react with acids to form salts. | train | sciq | null |
If water from a spring can't flow downwards, it can spread out to form one of 2 things. what are they? | [
"ocean or river",
"pond or lake",
"ocean or sea",
"lake or ocean"
] | B | Water flowing out of the ground at a spring may flow downhill and enter a stream. That’s what happens to the water that flows out of Big Spring in Missouri. If the water from a spring can’t flow downhill, it may spread out to form a pond or lake instead. Lake George in New York State, which is pictured in Figure below ... | train | sciq | null |
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