question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Salt in seawater causes it to have greater what, which is also affected by temperature and pressure? | [
"volume",
"area",
"density",
"mass"
] | C | Seawater has lots of salts in it. This increases its density (mass per volume) over fresh water. Temperature and pressure also affect density. | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of a long and low hill of sediments which have been deposited by a glacier? | [
"a floodplain",
"a crag",
"a mountain",
"a drumlin"
] | D | A drumlin is a long, low hill of sediments deposited by a glacier. Drumlins often occur in groups called drumlin fields. The narrow end of each drumlin points in the direction the glacier was moving when it dropped the sediments. | train | sciq | null |
The temperature of the products is typically lower than the temperature of the reactants in what type of reaction? | [
"endothermic",
"parabolic",
"autotrophic",
"exothermic"
] | A | In endothermic reactions, the temperature of the products is typically lower than the temperature of the reactants. The drop in temperature may be great enough to cause liquids to freeze. That’s what happens in the endothermic reaction at this URL: http://www. bbc. co. uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/c... | train | sciq | null |
What is the most common type of cancer in adult females? | [
"bone",
"lung",
"skin",
"breast"
] | D | The most common type of cancer in adult females is cancer of the breast. About one third of all cancers in women are breast cancers. | train | sciq | null |
Green plants known as producers provide basic food supply for what besides themselves? | [
"animals",
"air",
"minerals",
"water"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
The lipids that are connected to the glucose pathways are cholesterol and triglycerides. cholesterol is a lipid that contributes to cell membrane flexibility and is a precursor of this? | [
"ammonia hormones",
"Thrombopoietin",
"Somatostatin",
"steroid hormones"
] | D | Connections of Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms The lipids that are connected to the glucose pathways are cholesterol and triglycerides. Cholesterol is a lipid that contributes to cell membrane flexibility and is a precursor of steroid hormones. The synthesis of cholesterol starts with acetyl groups and proceeds in only o... | train | sciq | null |
What chemical reaction is the opposite of oxidation? | [
"evaporation",
"condensation",
"mutation",
"reduction"
] | D | The chemical reaction that is the opposite of oxidation is called reduction. Following from the notion that oxidation was originally thought to mean only the addition of oxygen, reduction was thought to be only the removal of oxygen from a substance. Many naturally occurring metal ores are present as oxides. The pure m... | train | sciq | null |
What structure is a larger assembly of several polypeptide chains that are now referred to as subunits of the protein? | [
"quaternary structure",
"geological structure",
"digital structure",
"pyramid structure"
] | A | Quaternary structure is a larger assembly of several polypeptide chains, now referred to as subunits of the protein. The quaternary structure is stabilized by the same interactions as the tertiary structure. Complexes of two or more polypeptides are called multimers. Specifically, a dimer contains two subunits, a trime... | train | sciq | null |
The punnett square shows the possible what, and their most likely ratios? | [
"chromosomes",
"genotypes",
"phenotypes",
"receptors"
] | B | If the parents had four offspring, their most likely genotypes would be one BB, two Bb, and one bb. But the genotype ratios of their actual offspring may differ. That's because which gametes happen to unite is a matter of chance, like a coin toss. The Punnett square just shows the possible genotypes and their most like... | train | sciq | null |
Angiosperms produce their gametes in separate organs, which are usually housed in these? | [
"seeds",
"stems",
"leaves",
"flowers"
] | D | Flowers and Fruits as an Evolutionary Adaptation Angiosperms produce their gametes in separate organs, which are usually housed in a flower. Both fertilization and embryo development take place inside an anatomical structure that provides a stable system of sexual reproduction largely sheltered from environmental fluct... | train | sciq | null |
What are the two types of charges? | [
"ions and neutrons",
"volume and acceleration",
"positive and negative",
"energy and mass"
] | C | Conservation of charge is the fourth of the five conservation laws in physics. There are two charges, positive and negative, and the conservation of electric charge indicates that the total charge in the universe remains the same. In any closed system charge can be transferred from one body to another or can move withi... | train | sciq | null |
What is the name for a change in a single nucleotide in dna? | [
"cell regeneration",
"spontaneous mutation",
"adaptation",
"point mutation"
] | D | A point mutation is a change in a single nucleotide in DNA. This type of mutation is usually less serious than a chromosomal alteration. An example of a point mutation is a mutation that changes the codon UUU to the codon UCU. Point mutations can be silent, missense, or nonsense mutations, as shown in Table below . The... | train | sciq | null |
Ocean acidification results from the ocean absorbing what gas from the atmosphere? | [
"hydrogen",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen",
"carbon dioxide"
] | D | The ocean is becoming increasingly polluted with trash. Ocean acidification is also occurring because ocean water dissolves some of the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The more acidic water harms aquatic organisms. | train | sciq | null |
What are organisms that feed on available plants called? | [
"antigens",
"plantfeeders",
"grazers",
"florophores"
] | C | Grazers, such as sea urchins, are organisms that feed on available plants. Sea urchins are omnivorous, eating both plant and animals. The sea urchin mainly feeds on algae on the coral and rocks, along with decomposing matter such as dead fish, mussels, sponges, and barnacles. | train | sciq | null |
What is the limiting factor for bacteria in a dish? | [
"speed",
"density",
"space",
"material"
] | C | The blades of simple leaves are not divided. This provides the maximum surface area for collecting sunlight. | train | sciq | null |
Where are some of the greatest concentrations of species found? | [
"in mould colonies",
"at high altitudes",
"in the tropics",
"in the arctic"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What do tadpoles clear out of waterways? | [
"disease",
"algae",
"pollution",
"oxygen"
] | B | Amphibians play important roles in many ecosystems, especially as middle players in many food chains and food webs. In addition to consuming many worms and insects and other arthropods, and even some small reptiles and mammals and fish, they are prey for turtles and snakes, as well as some fish and birds. Tadpoles keep... | train | sciq | null |
What theory says stresses build on both sides of a fault? | [
"elastic rebound theory",
"seismic load theory",
"Geiger theory",
"Big Bang theory"
] | A | Elastic rebound theory. Stresses build on both sides of a fault. The rocks deform plastically as seen in Time 2. When the stresses become too great, the rocks return to their original shape. To do this, the rocks move, as seen in Time 3. This movement releases energy, creating an earthquake. | train | sciq | null |
How many pairs of autosomes are there? | [
"four",
"three",
"five",
"Seven"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What are the only living organisms that can make their own food? | [
"plants",
"bacteria",
"protozoa",
"animals"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
The brain and spinal cord are part of what system, which serves as a control center? | [
"active nervous system",
"large nervous system",
"central nervous system",
"primary nervous system"
] | C | The central nervous includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It controls virtually all mental and physical processes. The spinal cord is a long, thin bundle of nervous tissue that passes messages from the body to the brain and from the brain to the body. | train | sciq | null |
What are the highest clouds in the atmosphere? | [
"noctilucent clouds",
"silicic clouds",
"nebulous clouds",
"alto clouds"
] | A | Noctilucent clouds are the highest clouds in the atmosphere. | train | sciq | null |
What type of reproduction results in genetically unique offspring? | [
"sexual reproduction",
"asexual reproduction",
"mitosis",
"internal reproduction"
] | A | Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically unique. They differ from both parents and also from each other. This occurs for a number of reasons. | train | sciq | null |
What is a disorder of glucose metabolism in which insulin production by the pancreas is impaired? | [
"diabetes mellitus",
"populations mellitus",
"cluster mellitus",
"sugar mellitus"
] | A | Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism in which insulin production by the pancreas is impaired. Since insulin helps glucose enter the cells, a decrease of this hormone means that glucose cannot be used in its normal fashion. When this happens, the body begins to break down fats, producing a decrease in b... | train | sciq | null |
Splitting of the nucleus of a radioactive atom into two smaller nuclei yields what type of reaction, which releases a great deal of energy from a small amount of matter? | [
"nucleation",
"solar fission",
"nuclear fission",
"nuclear fusion"
] | C | Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of a radioactive atom into two smaller nuclei. This type of reaction releases a great deal of energy from a very small amount of matter. Fission of a tiny pellet of radioactive uranium-235, like the one pictured in the Figure below , releases as much energy as burning 1,0... | train | sciq | null |
Colliding-beam accelerators create matter from what? | [
"sound",
"magnetism",
"energy",
"minerals"
] | C | Conceptual Questions 33.3 Accelerators Create Matter from Energy 1. The total energy in the beam of an accelerator is far greater than the energy of the individual beam particles. Why isn’t this total energy available to create a single extremely massive particle? 2. Synchrotron radiation takes energy from an accelerat... | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the measure of the force of gravity pulling down on an object? | [
"pressure",
"density",
"weight",
"mass"
] | C | Weight is a measure of the force of gravity pulling down on an object. It depends on the object’s mass, which is how much matter the object contains. It also depends on the downward acceleration of the object due to gravity, which is the same all over Earth. Weight can be represented by the equation:. | train | sciq | null |
Aging is associated with the death of what? | [
"cells",
"muscles",
"genes",
"proteins"
] | A | Aging is associated with the death of cells. Give two reasons why cells die. | train | sciq | null |
Animals that live in groups with other members of their species are called what? | [
"available animals",
"social animals",
"aggressive animals",
"grouping animals"
] | B | Without communication, animals would not be able to live together in groups. Animals that live in groups with other members of their species are called social animals. Social animals include many species of insects, birds, and mammals. Specific examples are ants, bees, crows, wolves, and human beings. | train | sciq | null |
What are typically named for their major physical or climatic factors in addition to their predominant vegetation? | [
"communities",
"aqueous biomes",
"habitats",
"terrestrial biomes"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What type of vents are giant tube worms found at? | [
"oxygen",
"hydrothermal",
"temperature",
"Heated"
] | B | Giant tube worms are found at hydrothermal vents. They get food from the chemosynthetic bacteria that live within them. The bacteria provide food; the worms provide shelter. | train | sciq | null |
What results when a force does work? | [
"movement",
"pressure",
"side effect",
"momentum"
] | A | work: A force is said to do work when it acts on a body so that there is a displacement of the point of application, however small, in the direction of the force. Thus a force does work when it results in movement. The work done by a constant force of magnitude on a point that moves a distance in the direction of the f... | train | sciq | null |
At the earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of what above you? | [
"magnetic force",
"humidity",
"water",
"air"
] | D | 11.4 Variation of Pressure with Depth in a Fluid If your ears have ever popped on a plane flight or ached during a deep dive in a swimming pool, you have experienced the effect of depth on pressure in a fluid. At the Earth’s surface, the air pressure exerted on you is a result of the weight of air above you. This press... | train | sciq | null |
What is a common condition caused by stomach acid? | [
"heartburn",
"sunburn",
"arthritis",
"headache"
] | A | Have you ever experienced heartburn? Heartburn is actually a condition caused by stomach acid, rather something in your heart. The stomach produces HCl, which is a necessary component of digestion. However, excessive amounts of stomach acid can cause a great deal of discomfort. Various factors can cause the overproduct... | train | sciq | null |
Where do the majority of species live? | [
"air",
"trees",
"ocean",
"land"
] | C | Mollusks live in most terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. However, the majority of species live in the ocean. They can be found in both shallow and deep water and from tropical to polar latitudes. They have a variety of ways of getting food. Some are free-living heterotrophs. Others are internal parasites. Mo... | train | sciq | null |
What process brings nutrients from the ocean's floor to its surface? | [
"Tides",
"Down welling",
"coastal swell",
"upwelling"
] | D | Upwelling brings nutrients to the surface from the ocean floor. Nutrients are important resources for ocean life. However, they aren’t the only resources on the ocean floor. | train | sciq | null |
Crests and troughs are the high and low points of a what? | [
"darker wave",
"rupture wave",
"heat wave",
"transverse wave"
] | D | Crests and troughs are the high and low points of a transverse wave. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for materials that have been left behind by organisms that once lived? | [
"bones",
"detritis",
"fossils",
"skulls"
] | C | Sediments are small fragments of rocks and minerals. Pebbles, sand, silt, and clay are examples of sediments. Sedimentary rocks may include fossils. Fossils are materials left behind by once-living organisms. Fossils can be pieces of the organism, like bones. They can also be traces of the organism, like footprints. | train | sciq | null |
A penguin must do what before molting? | [
"hibernate",
"use muscle mass",
"mate",
"increase muscle mass"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
The pelvic girdle, consisting of a hip bone, serves to attach a lower limb to this? | [
"axial skeleton",
"appendicular skeleton",
"cytoskeleton",
"exoskeleton"
] | A | 8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis The pelvic girdle, consisting of a hip bone, serves to attach a lower limb to the axial skeleton. The hip bone articulates posteriorly at the sacroiliac joint with the sacrum, which is part of the axial skeleton. The right and left hip bones converge anteriorly and articulate with each ... | train | sciq | null |
Why does water have a high surface tension? | [
"oxygenation",
"helium bonding",
"high freezing point",
"hydrogen bonding"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What are the two types of vascular tissues found in vascular plants? | [
"xylem and phloem",
"ectoderm and phloem",
"cytoplasm and chloroplasm",
"xylem and chloroplasm"
] | A | Xylem and phloem are the two types of vascular tissues in vascular plants. | train | sciq | null |
What are the two types of photoreceptors in the retina? | [
"circles and cones",
"rods and cones",
"images and cones",
"holes and cones"
] | B | Which of the following statements about the human eye is false? a. Rods detect color, while cones detect only shades of gray. When light enters the retina, it passes the ganglion cells and bipolar cells before reaching photoreceptors at the rear of the eye. The iris adjusts the amount of light coming into the eye. The ... | train | sciq | null |
Forces which cause objects to turn around continuously in a circle are known as? | [
"frictional forces",
"hydrodynamic forces",
"tension forces",
"centripetal forces"
] | D | In the absence of a net force, objects move in a straight line. If they turn — that is, if their velocity changes, even only in direction — there must be an applied force. Forces which cause objects to turn around continuously in a circle are known as centripetal forces. When an object moves in a circle its velocity at... | train | sciq | null |
Why is a synthetic diamond not considered a mineral? | [
"Minerals must not occur naturally.",
"minerals must be created naturally",
"interactions must be created naturally",
"fluctuations must be created naturally"
] | B | Could a mineral be made by a process that was not natural? People make gemstones in a laboratory. Synthetic diamond is a common one. But that stone is not a mineral. That's because a mineral must be created by natural processes. This is part of the definition of a mineral. | train | sciq | null |
What type of plug is generally used on metal appliances? | [
"3 prong",
"4 prong",
"5 prong",
".2 prong"
] | A | A three-prong plug is generally used on metal appliances. The two flat prongs carry current to and from the appliance. The round prong is for safety. It connects with a wire inside the outlet that goes down into the ground. If any stray current leaks from the circuit or if there is a short circuit, the ground wire carr... | train | sciq | null |
What term describes the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances? | [
"oxidation",
"Diffusion",
"reactivity",
"permeability"
] | C | Reactivity is the ability of matter to combine chemically with other substances. For example, iron is highly reactive with oxygen. When it combines with oxygen, it forms the reddish powder called rust (see Figure below ). Rust is not iron but an entirely different substance that consists of both iron and oxygen. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when waves interact with other waves? | [
"resurgence",
"vibration",
"frequency",
"interference"
] | D | Wave interference occurs when waves interact with other waves. Constructive interference increases wave amplitude. Destructive interference decreases wave amplitude. | train | sciq | null |
What is defined in physics as the amount of force pushing against a given area? | [
"energy",
"gravity",
"pressure",
"resistance"
] | C | Particles of gas are constantly moving in all directions at random. As a result, they are always bumping into each other and other things. This is modeled in the Figure below . The force of the particles against things they bump into creates pressure. Pressure is defined in physics as the amount of force pushing agains... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call the heat below earth’s surface that can be used to produce electricity? | [
"inert energy",
"natural energy",
"geothermal energy",
"renewable energy"
] | C | Heat below Earth’s surface—called geothermal energy— can be used to produce electricity. A power plant pumps water underground where it is heated. Then it pumps the water back to the plant and uses its thermal energy to generate electricity. On a small scale, geothermal energy can be used to heat homes. Installing a ge... | train | sciq | null |
How do most plants create food? | [
"photosynthesis",
"electrolysis",
"atherosclerosis",
"glycolysis"
] | A | Plants are multicellular eukaryotes. They have organelles called chloroplasts and cell walls made of cellulose. Plants also have specialized reproductive organs. Almost all plants make food by photosynthesis. Life as we know it would not be possible without plants. | train | sciq | null |
In a ketone, two of which kind of groups are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom? | [
"nitrogen groups",
"carbon groups",
"oxygen groups",
"ions"
] | B | Note The carbonyl group is ubiquitous in biological compounds. It is found in carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, and vitamins—organic compounds critical to living systems. In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to the carbonyl carbon atom. The following general formulas, in which R represents ... | train | sciq | null |
Tapeworms are what type of flatworms? | [
"symbiotic",
"single-celled",
"endogenous",
"parasitic"
] | D | Flatworms can be free-living or parasitic. Tapeworms are parasitic flatworms. | train | sciq | null |
In most crustaceans, what two structures fuse to form a cephalothorax? | [
"wing and legs",
"foot and toes",
"body and shoulders",
"head and thorax"
] | D | Unlike that of the Hexapoda, the head and thorax of most crustaceans is fused to form a cephalothorax (Figure 28.40), which is covered by a plate called the carapace, thus producing a body structure of two tagma. Crustaceans have a chitinous exoskeleton that is shed by molting whenever the animal increases in size. The... | train | sciq | null |
What class of animal, including hydras and jellies, is considered the simplest to contain a nervous system? | [
"sponges",
"cnidarians",
"prokaryotes",
"fish"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
When iron and sulfur are mixed together in a certain ratio and heated, what do they become? | [
"rust",
"iron sulfide",
"iron oxide",
"sulfuric acid"
] | B | When iron and sulfur are mixed together in a certain ratio and heated, a chemical reaction occurs. This results in the formation of a unique new compound, called iron sulfide (FeS). A magnet cannot be used to mechanically separate the iron from the iron sulfide because metallic iron does not exist in the compound. Inst... | train | sciq | null |
What do many scientists think are the oldest eukaryotes? | [
"protists",
"plants",
"arthropods",
"prokaryotes"
] | A | Scientists think that protists are the oldest eukaryotes. If so, they must have evolved from prokaryotic cells. How did this happen? The endosymbiotic theory provides the most widely-accepted explanation. That’s because it is well supported by evidence. | train | sciq | null |
Culprits in the common cold and aids, what infectious agents are far smaller and simpler than bacteria? | [
"pathogens",
"viruses",
"poisons",
"parasites"
] | B | Infectious diseases caused by viruses include the common cold, influenza, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and are among the most significant health problems in our society. Viruses are infectious agents far smaller and simpler than bacteria that are composed of a tightly packed central core of nucleic aci... | train | sciq | null |
What triangular feature is formed when a river empties into a large body of still water? | [
"region",
"delta",
"flow",
"confluence"
] | B | Deposition also occurs when a stream or river empties into a large body of still water. In this case, a delta forms. A delta is shaped like a triangle. It spreads out into the body of water. An example is shown in Figure above . | train | sciq | null |
Professionals known as genetic counselors can help them understand the risks of? | [
"contagion",
"children being affected",
"infection",
"disease"
] | B | A genetic disorder that is caused by a mutation can be inherited. Therefore, people with a genetic disorder in their family may be concerned about having children with the disorder. Professionals known as genetic counselors can help them understand the risks of their children being affected. If they decide to have chil... | train | sciq | null |
What type of fronts often bring sudden changes in the weather, including different types of precipitation, depending on the season? | [
"stationary fronts",
"occluded fronts",
"cold fronts",
"warm fronts"
] | C | As the fast-moving cold air mass keeps advancing, so does the cold front. Cold fronts often bring sudden changes in the weather. There may be a thin line of storms right at the front that moves as it moves. In the spring and summer, the storms may be thunderstorms and tornadoes. In the late fall and winter, the storms ... | train | sciq | null |
Similarity in biochemicals, like the glucose used by virtually all living things for energy, provides evidence of what? | [
"variation",
"gravity",
"evolution",
"DNA"
] | C | Virtually all living things use glucose for energy, but glucose is just one of many examples of biochemical compounds that are found in most or all living things. In fact the similarity in biochemical compounds between living things provides some of the best evidence for the evolution of species from common ancestors. ... | train | sciq | null |
In type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond to normal amounts of what hormone? | [
"hemoglobin",
"glucose",
"estrogen",
"insulin"
] | D | In some cases, an endocrine gland secretes a normal amount of hormone, but target cells do not respond to the hormone. Often, this is because target cells have because resistant to the hormone. Type 2 diabetes is an example of this type of endocrine disorder. In Type 2 diabetes, body cells do not respond to normal amou... | train | sciq | null |
What fibres are seen in some vertebrates that twitch at rates far faster than any human muscle? | [
"fast oxidative fibres",
"skeletal muscle fibers",
"fast glycolytic fibres",
"slow twitch fibres"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The cytoplasm divides during what process? | [
"metamorphosis",
"osmosis",
"genesys",
"cytokinesis"
] | D | During mitosis , the nucleus divides as the chromosomes are equally separated. One nucleus becomes two nuclei, each with an identical set of chromosomes . Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis , when the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two cells. After cytokinesis, cell division is complete. The one parent cell (the divid... | train | sciq | null |
Where do birds store and moisten food that is waiting to be digested? | [
"gullet",
"nest",
"tree",
"crop"
] | D | Birds have a sac-like structure called a crop to store and moisten food that is waiting to be digested. They also have an organ called a gizzard that contains swallowed stones. The stones make up for the lack of teeth by grinding food, which can then be digested more quickly. Both structures make it easier for the dige... | train | sciq | null |
Where can you find humid subtropical climates? | [
"between 40 and 60 degrees longitude",
"between 20 and 40 degrees longitude",
"between 20 and 40 degrees latitude",
"between 40 and 60 degrees latitude"
] | C | Humid subtropical climates are found on the eastern sides of continents between about 20° and 40° latitude. The southeastern U. S. has this type of climate. Summers are hot and humid, but winters are chilly. There is moderate rainfall throughout the year. Pine and oak forests grow in this climate ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
What type of lenses can correct myopia? | [
"concave lenses",
"polarized lenses",
"diffusion lenses",
"convex lenses"
] | A | Nearsightedness, or myopia, is the condition in which nearby objects are seen clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. The eyeball is longer than normal, focusing images front of the retina. Concave lenses can correct the problem. | train | sciq | null |
Photoautotrophs including (a) plants, (b) algae, and (c) cyanobacteria synthesize their organic compounds via photosynthesis using sunlight as this? | [
"light source4",
"energy source",
"fuel source",
"heating source"
] | B | Figure 8.2 Photoautotrophs including (a) plants, (b) algae, and (c) cyanobacteria synthesize their organic compounds via photosynthesis using sunlight as an energy source. Cyanobacteria and planktonic algae can grow over enormous areas in water, at times completely covering the surface. In a (d) deep sea vent, chemoaut... | train | sciq | null |
Glaciers modify the landscape by what? | [
"truncation",
"silt",
"erosion",
"sediment"
] | C | Glaciers modify the landscape by erosion. They also modify the landscape by deposition. Glaciers carry an enormous amount of material and dump it. The features they leave behind show where they were and what happened as they were melting away. | train | sciq | null |
The cells in the follicle undergo physical changes and produce a structure called a what? | [
"primordial follicle",
"secondary ovum",
"corpus luteum",
"liberated ovum"
] | C | Following ovulation, the ovarian cycle enters its luteal phase, illustrated in Figure 43.15 and the menstrual cycle enters its secretory phase, both of which run from about day 15 to 28. The luteal and secretory phases refer to changes in the ruptured follicle. The cells in the follicle undergo physical changes and pro... | train | sciq | null |
Scientists can use what tool to determine an earthquake's strength? | [
"geiger counter",
"seismogram",
"kilocalorie",
"telescope"
] | B | Seismograms record earthquake strength. Scientists can use them to determine the distance to an earthquake. Using at least three seismograms, they can locate the earthquake's epicenter. Scientists measure earthquake intensity in several ways. So far no one has found a way to predict earthquakes. | train | sciq | null |
How many moons does pluto have? | [
"two",
"six",
"four",
"three"
] | D | Pluto has three moons of its own. The largest, Charon, is big compared to Pluto. The Pluto-Charon system is sometimes called a double dwarf planet ( Figure above ). Two smaller moons, Nix and Hydra, were discovered in 2005. | train | sciq | null |
Huge calderas form when the mountain above an empty chamber of what collapses? | [
"magma",
"mercury",
"coal",
"gas"
] | A | During a massive eruption, all of the material may be ejected from a magma changer. Without support, the mountain above the empty chamber may collapse. This produces a huge caldera . Calderas are generally round, bowl-shaped formations ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
What type of bonds are the attractive forces between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and one or more pairs of electrons that are located between the atoms? | [
"covalent",
"reactive",
"gravitational",
"active"
] | A | Note that there is a system for naming some polyatomic ions; -ate and -ite are suffixes designating polyatomic ions containing more or fewer oxygen atoms. Per- (short for “hyper”) and hypo- (meaning “under”) are prefixes meaning more oxygen atoms than -ate and fewer oxygen atoms than -ite, respectively. For example, pe... | train | sciq | null |
Chemical elements and water are constantly recycled in the ecosystem through what? | [
"inorganic cycles",
"greenhouse gases",
"geothermal cycles",
"biogeochemical cycles"
] | D | Chemical elements and water are constantly recycled in the ecosystem through biogeochemical cycles. | train | sciq | null |
What system is the spinal cord related to? | [
"lymphatic system",
"digestive system",
"circulatory system",
"nervous system"
] | D | Some people recover from spinal cord injuries. But many people are paralyzed for life. Thanks to the work of Christopher Reeve ( Figure below ), more research is being done on spinal cord injuries now than ever before. For example, scientists are trying to discover ways to regrow damaged spinal cord neurons. | train | sciq | null |
What is the total range of the energy from the sun called? | [
"solar spectrum",
"measured spectrum",
"molecular spectrum",
"electromagnetic spectrum"
] | D | Energy from the Sun has a wide range of wavelengths. The total range of energy is called the electromagnetic spectrum ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and what? | [
"leaves",
"sacs",
"clusters",
"lungs"
] | A | Plants have specialized organs that help them survive and reproduce in a great diversity of habitats. Major organs of most plants include roots, stems, and leaves. | train | sciq | null |
The lungs of mammals are unique in having what? | [
"alveolar",
"acini",
"alveoli",
"glands"
] | C | The lungs of mammals are unique in having alveoli . These are tiny, sac-like structures. Each alveolus is surrounded by a network of very small blood vessels (see Figure below ). Because there are millions of alveoli in each lung, they greatly increase the surface area for gas exchange between the lungs and bloodstream... | train | sciq | null |
The organs of female mammals that that produce eggs are called what? | [
"testes",
"fallopian tubes",
"ovaries",
"Uterus"
] | C | Like other female vertebrates, all female mammals have ovaries. These are the organs that produce eggs (see Figure below ). Therian mammals also have two additional female reproductive structures that are not found in other vertebrates. They are the uterus and vagina. | train | sciq | null |
What do you call the patterns and groups of stars in the sky that ancient people observed and made stories about? | [
"constellations",
"planets",
"meteors",
"asteroid fields"
] | A | The stars that make up a constellation appear close to each other from Earth. In reality, they may be very distant from one another. Constellations were important to people, like the Ancient Greeks. People who spent a lot of time outdoors at night, like shepherds, named the constellations. They told stories about them.... | train | sciq | null |
Each enzyme has an optimal what at which its reaction rate is greatest? | [
"temperature",
"precipitation",
"size",
"weight"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What type of prokaryotes live in habitats without oxygen? | [
"aerobic",
"enzymatic",
"phosphoric",
"anaerobic"
] | D | Anaerobic prokaryotes live in habitats without oxygen. | train | sciq | null |
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature? | [
"hydrogen",
"gas",
"water",
"mercury"
] | D | A familiar liquid is mercury metal. Mercury is an anomaly. It is the only metal we know of that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury also has an ability to stick to itself (surface tension) – a property all liquids exhibit. Mercury has a relatively high surface tension, which makes it very unique. Here you see mercur... | train | sciq | null |
What do animals store with the help of saturated fatty acids? | [
"oxygen",
"sugar",
"protein",
"energy"
] | D | In saturated fatty acids , carbon atoms are bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. This causes the molecules to form straight chains, as shown in Figure below . The straight chains can be packed together very tightly, allowing them to store energy in a compact form. This explains why saturated fatty acids are so... | train | sciq | null |
What are the dark areas of the moon called? | [
"hollow space",
"craters",
"laura",
"maria"
] | D | The Moon has dark areas, called maria, surrounded by lighter colored highland areas, called terrae. | train | sciq | null |
What do people use from aquifers from springs or wells? | [
"soil",
"salt",
"fresh water",
"oxygen"
] | C | People use fresh water from aquifers from springs or wells. | train | sciq | null |
What item lost by diffusion and in the urine are replenished by eating? | [
"yeast",
"protein",
"salt",
"sugar"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What is the primary cause of air movement in the troposphere? | [
"asteroids",
"solar winds",
"the ozone layer",
"differences in heating"
] | D | Air movement takes place in the troposphere. Air moves because of differences in heating. The differences create convection currents and winds. | train | sciq | null |
In cellular respiration, glucose is broken down and what is made? | [
"simple sugars",
"rna",
"chlorophyll",
"atp"
] | D | The flow of energy through living organisms begins with photosynthesis. This process stores energy from sunlight in the chemical bonds of glucose. By breaking the chemical bonds in glucose, cells release the stored energy and make the ATP they need. The process in which glucose is broken down and ATP is made is called ... | train | sciq | null |
The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system’s atoms and molecules is called what? | [
"internal energy",
"used energy",
"stored energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | A | Internal energy—the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system’s atoms and molecules. Can be divided into many subcategories, such as thermal and chemical energy. Depends only on the state of a system (such as its P , V , and T ), not on how the energy entered the system. Change in internal energy is path in... | train | sciq | null |
After what state is reached, the concentrations of all reaction components remain constant unless a change is made to the system? | [
"equilibrium",
"level",
"homeostasis",
"equality"
] | A | After equilibrium has been reached, the concentrations of all reaction components will remain constant unless a change is made to the system. Because the concentrations are no longer changing, it may appear that the reaction has "stopped. " This is incorrect; both the forward and reverse reactions are still going on, e... | train | sciq | null |
What type of reproduction is exemplified by starfish and yeasts? | [
"asexual reproduction",
"bacteria reproduction",
"sexual reproduction",
"microscopic reproduction"
] | A | Starfish: Flickr:amanderson2; Yeast: Zappy's. Starfish and yeasts are examples of organisms that reproduce asexually . Starfish: CC BY 2.0; Yeast: CC BY-NC 3.0. | train | sciq | null |
What is the scientific term for stored energy an object has due to its position or shape? | [
"new energy",
"repeat energy",
"potential energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | C | Why do charges flow in an electric current? The answer has to do with electric potential energy. Potential energy is stored energy that an object has due to its position or shape. An electric charge has potential energy because of its position in an electric field. For example, when two negative charges are close toget... | train | sciq | null |
What kind of current flows in just one direction? | [
"direct current",
"Alternating current",
"physical current",
"slow current"
] | A | When current flows in just one direction, it is called direct current (DC) . The diagram below shows how direct current flows through a simple circuit. An example of direct current is the current that flows through a battery-powered flashlight. In addition to batteries, solar cells and fuel cells can also provide direc... | train | sciq | null |
Most motions in nature follow ________ rather than straight lines? | [
"vertical paths",
"curved paths",
"sharp paths",
"horizontal paths"
] | B | Introduction to Two-Dimensional Kinematics The arc of a basketball, the orbit of a satellite, a bicycle rounding a curve, a swimmer diving into a pool, blood gushing out of a wound, and a puppy chasing its tail are but a few examples of motions along curved paths. In fact, most motions in nature follow curved paths rat... | train | sciq | null |
An object's energy due to motion is known as? | [
"kinetic energy",
"inertia",
"residual energy",
"thermodynamic energy"
] | A | An object’s kinetic energy is the energy due to motion. Kinetic energy can be defined mathematically as. | train | sciq | null |
While populations with unlimited resources grow exponentially, the population of a species will level off when what limit of its environment is reached? | [
"niche",
"carrying capacity",
"reproduction",
"extinction"
] | B | 45.3 Environmental Limits to Population Growth Populations with unlimited resources grow exponentially, with an accelerating growth rate. When resources become limiting, populations follow a logistic growth curve. The population of a species will level off at the carrying capacity of its environment. | train | sciq | null |
Group 16 is called what? | [
"metalloids",
"the acid group",
"noble gases",
"the oxygen group"
] | D | Group 16 is called the oxygen group. The first three elements in this group are nonmetals. They are followed by one metalloid and one metal. All the elements in the oxygen group have six valence electrons, and all are reactive. Oxygen (O), for example, readily reacts with metals to form compounds such as rust. Oxygen i... | train | sciq | null |
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