question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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Cells that undergo cell division continue to have their telomeres shortened, thus telomere shortening is associated with what life process? | [
"reproduction",
"metabolism",
"aging",
"reducing"
] | C | Telomerase and Aging Cells that undergo cell division continue to have their telomeres shortened because most somatic cells do not make telomerase. This essentially means that telomere shortening is associated with aging. With the advent of modern medicine, preventative health care, and healthier lifestyles, the human ... | train | sciq | null |
Which two basic parts of a plant develop tough outer coatings to protect the plant from the environment? | [
"roots and leaves",
"stems and stalks",
"leaves and stems",
"bark and stems"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What is the name for a kind of animal that eats a mix of plant and animal foods. | [
"a carnivore",
"an omnivore",
"an smorgasbord",
"an herbivore"
] | B | Some mammals are omnivores. Omnivores are heterotrophs that eat a mix of plant and animal foods. Mammals that are omnivores include bears, foxes, rats, pigs, and human beings. The chimpanzees in Figure below are also omnivorous mammals. In the wild, they eat mainly plant foods, but they supplement plants with birds, bi... | train | sciq | null |
Oxygenated air, taken in during inhalation, diffuses across the surface of the lungs into the what? | [
"bloodstream",
"liver",
"proteins",
"brain"
] | A | Types of Breathing Amphibians have evolved multiple ways of breathing. Young amphibians, like tadpoles, use gills to breathe, and they don’t leave the water. Some amphibians retain gills for life. As the tadpole grows, the gills disappear and lungs grow. These lungs are primitive and not as evolved as mammalian lungs. ... | train | sciq | null |
What substances, which serve as catalysts, are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms? | [
"carbohydrates",
"enzymes",
"vitamins",
"proteins"
] | B | Enzymes are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms. | train | sciq | null |
What is the type of plant called when its leaves seasonally turn color and fall off? | [
"evergreen",
"deciduous plant",
"conifer",
"verdant plant"
] | B | In a deciduous plant, leaves seasonally turn color and fall off the plant. They are replaced with new leaves later in the year. | train | sciq | null |
Besides the endocrine system, what other system exerts control over all the organ systems of the body? | [
"abnormal system",
"skeleton system",
"circulatory system",
"nervous system"
] | D | 16.6 | Nervous System By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Describe the form and function of a neuron • Describe the basic parts and functions of the central nervous system • Describe the basic parts and functions of the peripheral nervous system As you read this, your nervous system is performing several... | train | sciq | null |
What is the area where an electron is most likely to be found called? | [
"orbital",
"neucleus",
"proton",
"neutron"
] | A | wave functions can predict within a certain level of probability where an electron might be at any given time. The area where an electron is most likely to be found is called its orbital. Recall that the Bohr model depicts an atom’s electron shell configuration. Within each electron shell are subshells, and each subshe... | train | sciq | null |
The part of the ecosystem required by a particular species is endangered when human activity threatens loss of what? | [
"primary speciation",
"biodiversity",
"habitat",
"primary producers"
] | C | Habitat Loss Humans rely on technology to modify their environment and replace certain functions that were once performed by the natural ecosystem. Other species cannot do this. Elimination of their habitat—whether it is a forest, coral reef, grassland, or flowing river—will kill the individuals in the species. Remove ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the wavelength of light expressed in? | [
"vatts",
"nanoseconds",
"millimeters",
"nanometers (nm)"
] | D | Light As with auditory stimuli, light travels in waves. The compression waves that compose sound must travel in a medium—a gas, a liquid, or a solid. In contrast, light is composed of electromagnetic waves and needs no medium; light can travel in a vacuum (Figure 36.16). The behavior of light can be discussed in terms ... | train | sciq | null |
What is found inside the pores of spongy bone? | [
"liquid marrow",
"bone marrow",
"green marrow",
"rupture marrow"
] | B | Bone marrow is a soft connective tissue that produces blood cells. It is found inside the pores of spongy bone. | train | sciq | null |
The strength of an acid depends on how many of which ions it produces when it dissolves in water? | [
"carbon",
"hydrogen",
"helium",
"silicon"
] | B | The strength of an acid depends on how many hydrogen ions it produces when it dissolves in water. A stronger acid produces more hydrogen ions than a weaker acid. For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), which is found in car batteries, is a strong acid because nearly all of it breaks down into ions when it dissolves in ... | train | sciq | null |
How many oxygen ions make up an ozone molecule? | [
"five",
"eight",
"three",
"one"
] | C | Oxygen is needed to make ozone. Ozone is a molecule made of three oxygen ions. Ozone in the upper atmosphere blocks harmful solar radiation from reaching the surface. Without oxygen, life on Earth would have been very simple. | train | sciq | null |
While light travels at different speeds in different kinds of matter, the speed of light is constant in what condition? | [
"vacuum",
"through glass",
"under water",
"outer space"
] | A | Although the speed of light is constant in a vacuum, light travels at different speeds in different kinds of matter. For example, light travels more slowly in glass than in air. Therefore, when light passes from air to glass, it slows down. If light strikes a sheet of glass straight on, or perpendicular to the glass, i... | train | sciq | null |
What kind of solution might cause animal cells to burst? | [
"hypotonic",
"Acid Solution",
"monatomic",
"eutrophic"
] | A | Unless an animal cell (such as the red blood cell in the top panel) has an adaptation that allows it to alter the osmotic uptake of water, it will lose too much water and shrivel up in a hypertonic environment. If placed in a hypotonic solution, water molecules will enter the cell, causing it to swell and burst. Plant ... | train | sciq | null |
Transition metals are superior conductors of heat as well as what else? | [
"radiation",
"light",
"cold",
"electricity"
] | D | Transition metals are superior conductors of heat as well as electricity. They are malleable, which means they can be shaped into sheets, and ductile, which means they can be shaped into wires. They have high melting and boiling points, and all are solids at room temperature, except for mercury (Hg), which is a liquid.... | train | sciq | null |
Our digestive system breaks down starch to what? | [
"Salts",
"pattern sugars",
"Waste",
"simple sugars"
] | D | Starches are complex carbohydrates. They are polymers of glucose. They consist of hundreds of glucose monomers bonded together. Plants make starch to store extra sugars. Consumers get starch from plants. Common sources of starch in the human diet are pictured in Figure below . Our digestive system breaks down starch to... | train | sciq | null |
What happens to a tectonic plate when it subducts? | [
"it warms",
"it sinks",
"it melts",
"it cracks"
] | C | Composite volcanoes are common along convergent plate boundaries. When a tectonic plate subducts, it melts. This creates the thick magma needed for these eruptions. The Pacific Ring of Fire is dotted by composite volcanoes. | train | sciq | null |
A monosaccharide is the simplest carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolyzed to produce a smaller what? | [
"amino acid",
"carbohydrate molecule",
"glucose atom",
"quark"
] | B | A monosaccharide is the simplest carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolyzed to produce a smaller carbohydrate molecule. Disaccharides contain two monosaccharide units, and polysaccharides contain many monosaccharide units. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for if multiple sperm fuse with an egg? | [
"pollenation",
"polyspermy",
"fraternization",
"in vitro fertilization"
] | B | To ensure that no more than one sperm fertilizes the egg, once the acrosomal reactions take place at one location of the egg membrane, the egg releases proteins in other locations to prevent other sperm from fusing with the egg. If this mechanism fails, multiple sperm can fuse with the egg, resulting in polyspermy. The... | train | sciq | null |
As air pressures inside and outside of the ear equalize, what phenomenon is produced? | [
"throat scratching",
"heart skipping",
"eyes blinking",
"ear popping"
] | D | Ears pop as air pressures inside and outside of the ear equalize. | train | sciq | null |
How many pairs of chromosomes are there? | [
"13",
"2",
"23",
"17"
] | C | Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell. | train | sciq | null |
Food is broken into smaller particles by mastication, a process involving action by what structures? | [
"teeth",
"proteins",
"cilia",
"tonsils"
] | A | Oral Cavity Both physical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth or oral cavity, which is the point of entry of food into the digestive system. The food is broken into smaller particles by mastication, the chewing action of the teeth. All mammals have teeth and can chew their food to begin the process of physically ... | train | sciq | null |
Cell communication that occurs over short distances is known as what? | [
"contraposition signaling",
"hypersignaling",
"cell echo",
"paracrine signaling"
] | D | Cells that are communicating may be right next to each other or far apart. In juxtacrine signaling , also known as contact-dependent signaling, two adjacent cells must make physical contact in order to communicate. Cell communication may also occur over short distances, which is known as paracrine signaling , or over l... | train | sciq | null |
Triggering a blink when something touches the surface of the eye, the corneal reflex is what type of reflex? | [
"orgasmic",
"sensory",
"somatic",
"dendritic"
] | C | connection is the basis of somatic reflexes. The corneal reflex is contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle to blink the eyelid when something touches the surface of the eye. Stretch reflexes maintain a constant length of muscles by causing a contraction of a muscle to compensate for a stretch that can be sensed by ... | train | sciq | null |
Vascular disorders involve problems with the flow of what? | [
"mucus",
"blood",
"bacteria",
"saliva"
] | B | Vascular disorders involve problems with blood flow. For example, a stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks blood flow to part of the brain. Brain cells die quickly if their oxygen supply is cut off. This may cause paralysis and loss of other normal functions, depending on the part of the brain that is damaged. | train | sciq | null |
In eukaryotes, mrna may be modified before leaving what? | [
"nucleus",
"epidermis",
"mitochondria",
"ribosome"
] | A | During transcription, a copy of mRNA is made that is complementary to a strand of DNA. In eukaryotes, mRNA may be modified before it leaves the nucleus. | train | sciq | null |
Velocity affects what type of energy more than mass does? | [
"mechanical energy",
"magnetic energy",
"harmonic energy",
"kinetic energy"
] | D | This equation for kinetic energy shows that velocity affects kinetic energy more than mass does. For example, if mass doubles, kinetic energy also doubles. But if velocity doubles, kinetic energy increases by a factor of four. That’s because velocity is squared in the equation. You can see for yourself how mass and vel... | train | sciq | null |
In which way do vertebrates reproduce? | [
"bisexually",
"sexually",
"asexually",
"unisexually"
] | B | Vertebrates reproduce sexually, and almost all of them have separate male and female sexes. Generally, aquatic species have external fertilization, whereas terrestrial species have internal fertilization. Can you think of a reason why aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates differ in this way?. | train | sciq | null |
Neutrons and protons reside in which part of the atom? | [
"nucleolus",
"nucleus",
"molecules",
"vacuoles"
] | B | Neutrons, like protons, reside in the nucleus of an atom. They have a mass of 1 and no charge. The positive (protons) and negative (electrons) charges balance each other in a neutral atom, which has a net zero charge. Because protons and neutrons each have a mass of 1, the mass of an atom is equal to the number of prot... | train | sciq | null |
What are the two best known baryons? | [
"shafts and neutrons",
"protons and neutrons",
"electrons and neutrons",
"flux and neurons"
] | B | Particles that are composed of three quarks are called baryons . The two best known baryons are protons and neutrons. A proton is composed of two up quarks and one down quark (uud). The charge on the proton is the result of adding the charges on these quarks . Neutrons are composed of one up quark and two down quarks (... | train | sciq | null |
Mutation creates new genetic variation in what? | [
"gene pool",
"form pool",
"disease pool",
"mutation pool"
] | A | Mutation creates new genetic variation in a gene pool. | train | sciq | null |
What hormone controls milk production in mammary glands? | [
"prolactin",
"dopamine",
"melanin",
"pepsin"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Cellular respiration brings hydrogen and oxygen together to form what? | [
"cold",
"air",
"water",
"Salt"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What are the two components of the autonomic nervous system? | [
"neurons and sympathetic",
"crystallisation and sympathetic",
"empathetic and sympathetic",
"parasympathetic and sympathetic"
] | D | 31.3 Peripheral nervous system The peripheral nervous system is broken down into two sub-systems, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. ANS - Autonomic Nervous System The ANS has two components - parasympathetic and sympathetic. The sympathetic nervous system is the "fight or flight" or fright re... | train | sciq | null |
Where do lancelets live? | [
"shallow ocean water",
"riverbeds",
"deep sea caves",
"on land"
] | A | There are only about 25 living species of lancelets. They inhabit the ocean floor where the water is shallow. Lancelet larvae are free-swimming. The adults can swim but spend most of their time buried in the sand. Like tunicates, lancelets are filter feeders. They take in water through their mouth and expel it through ... | train | sciq | null |
What is caused when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels? | [
"atherosclerosis",
"blood pressure",
"high cholesterol",
"aneurysm"
] | B | Blood pressure occurs when circulating blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels. | train | sciq | null |
What is the most common bacterial sti in the u. s.? | [
"tuberculosis",
"chlamydia",
"diarrhea",
"influenza"
] | B | Chlamydia is the most common bacterial STI in the U. S. Females are more likely to develop it than males. Symptoms may include burning during urination and a discharge from the vagina or penis. | train | sciq | null |
In what unit is heat measured in? | [
"thermals",
"velocities",
"amperes",
"joules"
] | D | The heat that is either absorbed or released is measured in joules. The mass is measured in grams. The change in temperature is given by , where is the final temperature and is the initial temperature. | train | sciq | null |
In which type of cells are most organelles not found? | [
"prokaryotic cells",
"heterogeneous cells",
"endoplasmic cells",
"eukaryotic cells"
] | A | Eukaryotic cells have many specific functions, so it can be said that a cell is like a factory. A factory has many machines and people, and each has a specific role. Just like a factory, the cell is made up of many different parts. Each part has a special role. The different parts of the cell are called organelles , wh... | train | sciq | null |
Which three colors are called the primary colors of light? | [
"red, blue, yellow",
"blue, green, violet",
"black, white, red",
"red, green, blue"
] | D | The human eye can distinguish only red, green, and blue light. These three colors are called the primary colors of light. All other colors of light can be created by combining the primary colors. Look at the Venn diagram below . Red and green light combine to form yellow light. Red and blue light combine to form magent... | train | sciq | null |
Water dissolving minerals out of rocks makes ocean water what? | [
"muddy",
"sweet",
"salty",
"bitter"
] | C | Ocean water is salty because water dissolves minerals out of rocks. This happens whenever water flows over or through rocks. Much of this water and its minerals flow in rivers that end up in the oceans. Minerals dissolved in water form salts. When the water evaporates, it leaves the salts behind. As a result, ocean wat... | train | sciq | null |
Like the energy content in food, the energy expenditures of exercise are also reported in what units? | [
"ironies",
"gigabytes",
"kilocalories",
"grams"
] | C | To Your Health: Energy Expenditures Most health professionals agree that exercise is a valuable component of a healthy lifestyle. Exercise not only strengthens the body and develops muscle tone but also expends energy. After obtaining energy from the foods we eat, we need to expend that energy somehow, or our bodies wi... | train | sciq | null |
What's the term for an allele that's always expressed over another? | [
"prevalent",
"dominant",
"mutated",
"recessive"
] | B | When two different alleles (heritable factors) are inherited together, one may be expressed, while the effect of the other may be “silenced. ” In the case of pod color, the allele for green pods is always expressed and is dominant . The allele for yellow pods, which is not expressed, is recessive . For instance, if a p... | train | sciq | null |
Series and parallel circuits are two basic types of what? | [
"mechanical circuits",
"chemical circuits",
"electric circuits",
"mutual circuits"
] | C | There are two basic types of electric circuits, called series and parallel circuits. They differ in the number of loops through which current can flow. You can see an example of each type of circuit in Figure below . | train | sciq | null |
Transport of water and solutes in plants water potential is a measure of the difference in potential energy between a water sample and this? | [
"pure water",
"dirty water",
"salty water",
"green water"
] | A | 30.5 Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants Water potential (Ψ) is a measure of the difference in potential energy between a water sample and pure water. The water potential in plant solutions is influenced by solute concentration, pressure, gravity, and matric potential. Water potential and transpiration influence h... | train | sciq | null |
Three distinct layers or tunics form the walls of what structures; the first is a smooth, inner lining of endothelial cells in contact with the red blood cells? | [
"blood vessels",
"lungs",
"white blood cells",
"alveoli"
] | A | The structure of the different types of blood vessels reflects their function or layers. There are three distinct layers, or tunics, that form the walls of blood vessels (Figure 40.16). The first tunic is a smooth, inner lining of endothelial cells that are in contact with the red blood cells. The endothelial tunic is ... | train | sciq | null |
Groundwater does what to the rock beneath the ground surface? | [
"accelerates it",
"creates it",
"boosts it",
"erodes it"
] | D | Groundwater erodes rock beneath the ground surface. Limestone is a carbonate and is most easily eroded. | train | sciq | null |
Technetium is named after the greektechnikos, meaning “artificial,” because all its isotopes are what? | [
"plastic",
"neutral",
"rare",
"radioactive"
] | D | Group 7 (Mn, Tc, and Re) Continuing across the periodic table, we encounter the group 7 elements (Table 23.5 "Some Properties of the Elements of Groups 6 and 7"). One group 7 metal (Mn) is usually combined with iron in an alloy called ferromanganese, which has been used since 1856 to improve the mechanical properties o... | train | sciq | null |
What is a galvanic process that can be prevented using cathodic protection? | [
"sublimation",
"vaporization",
"explosion",
"corrosion"
] | D | Corrosion is a galvanic process that can be prevented using cathodic protection. CONCEPTUAL PROBLEMS 1. | train | sciq | null |
What are drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes formed by? | [
"meteors",
"glaciers",
"earthquakes",
"tsunamis"
] | B | Drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes are features made of glacial till. | train | sciq | null |
What is the vector sum of all the torques acting on the object called? | [
"net torque",
"gross torque",
"critical torque",
"total torque"
] | A | The net torque is the vector sum of all the torques acting on the object. When adding torques it is necessary to subtract CW from CCW torques. | train | sciq | null |
An electric current flows in a path called what? | [
"electric ring",
"electric course",
"fuse",
"electric circuit"
] | D | Electricity refers to a number of phenomena associated with the presence and flow of electric charge. Electricity includes such diverse things as lightning, static electricity, the current generated by a battery as it discharges, and many other influences on our daily lives. The flow or movement of charge is an electri... | train | sciq | null |
What gas can be generated by reacting sodium bromide with elemental chlorine? | [
"Molecular Bromine Gas",
"photons bromine gas",
"gaseous bromine gas",
"elemental bromine gas"
] | D | Elemental bromine gas can be generated by reacting sodium bromide with elemental chlorine. The other product is sodium chloride. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books. | train | sciq | null |
What is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits? | [
"symbiosis",
"endosymbiosis",
"parasitism",
"morphogenesis"
] | A | Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits. | train | sciq | null |
Over many generations, the resulting genetic diversity provides valuable raw material for what? | [
"intelligent selection",
"coral selection",
"characteristic selection",
"natural selection"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What pulls skydivers towards the earth? | [
"inertia",
"impact",
"momentum",
"gravity"
] | D | Skydivers are pulled towards the Earth by gravity. Gravity exerts a force on the skydivers. A force is a push or pull. Some pushes and pulls can be seen. | train | sciq | null |
What occurs when a gas passes through an opening that is smaller than the mean free path of the particles? | [
"malformation",
"precipitation",
"effusion",
"dissipation"
] | C | Figure 9.28 Diffusion occurs when gas molecules disperse throughout a container. Effusion occurs when a gas passes through an opening that is smaller than the mean free path of the particles, that is, the average distance traveled between collisions. Effectively, this means that only one particle passes through at a ti... | train | sciq | null |
What are the preserved remains of animals, plants, and other organisms called? | [
"skulls",
"basalt",
"rocks",
"fossils"
] | D | Fossils are the preserved remains of animals, plants, and other organisms from the distant past. Examples of fossils include bones, teeth, and impressions. By studying fossils, evidence for evolution is revealed. Paleontologists are scientists who study fossils to learn about life in the past. Fossils allow these scien... | train | sciq | null |
What group of elements cannot conduct electricity? | [
"carbonates",
"phosphates",
"metals",
"nonmetals"
] | D | Nonmetals are elements that generally cannot conduct electricity. They are the second largest class of elements after metals. Examples of nonmetals include hydrogen, carbon, chlorine, and helium. | train | sciq | null |
What is the name of a tough, fibrous membrane which protects the outer layer of bone? | [
"marrow",
"cartilage",
"the epithelium",
"the periosteum"
] | D | Periosteum is a tough, fibrous membrane that covers and protects the outer surfaces of bone. | train | sciq | null |
Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and what? | [
"covalent double bonds",
"wavefunction double bonds",
"gravitational double bonds",
"trivalent bonds"
] | A | Bond lengths are intermediate between covalent single bonds and covalent double bonds. | train | sciq | null |
Under a microscope, salt crystals are what shape? | [
"triangles",
"circles",
"squares",
"cubes"
] | D | Under a microscope, salt crystals are cubes. | train | sciq | null |
Where part of the atmosphere is the uppermost mantle? | [
"troposphere",
"isosphere",
"thermosphere",
"lithosphere"
] | D | The lithosphere is the brittle crust and uppermost mantle. | train | sciq | null |
In a heat map, what color represents the hottest temperatures? | [
"pink",
"bright red",
"orange",
"bright yellow"
] | D | A heat wave over the United States as indicated by heat radiated from the ground. The bright yellow areas are the hottest, and the blue and white are coolest. | train | sciq | null |
All living things require what, which most ecosystems obtain from the sun? | [
"water",
"energy",
"oxygen",
"heat"
] | B | All living things need energy. Most ecosystems get energy from the Sun. Producers use the energy to make food. They pass some of the energy to consumers. Food chains and food webs show how energy flows through ecosystems. | train | sciq | null |
Kelvin is a temperature measure in which the lowest temperature is what? | [
"anomalous zero",
"absolute zero",
"accurate zero",
"definitive zero"
] | B | Kelvin is a temperature measure in which the lowest temperature is absolute zero. | train | sciq | null |
The basic fabric of most biological membranes is a double layer of _________ and other lipids? | [
"solids",
"liquids",
"antibodies",
"phospholipids"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What is the name for the organs behind the head of a fish that absorb oxygen from water? | [
"alveoli",
"pores",
"gills",
"lungs"
] | C | Fish have gills. Gills are organs behind the head that absorb oxygen from water. Water enters through the mouth, passes over the gills, and then exits the body. | train | sciq | null |
What system gets less effective with age, that generally makes older people more disease susceptible? | [
"infectious system",
"reproductive system",
"nervous system",
"immune system"
] | D | The immune system naturally becomes less effective as people get older. This is why older people are generally more susceptible to disease. | train | sciq | null |
Which type of tides are created when the sun and moon's tides match? | [
"spring tides",
"low tides",
"weak tides",
"Neap tides"
] | A | When the Sun's and Moon's tides match, there are spring tides. When the two tides are opposed, there are neap tides. | train | sciq | null |
What is the process of creating an exact genetic replica of an organism called? | [
"reproducing",
"copying",
"converting",
"cloning"
] | D | Cloning is the process of creating an exact genetic replica of an organism. The clone’s DNA is exactly the same as the parent’s DNA. Bacteria and other single-celled organisms have long been able to clone themselves through asexual reproduction. Plants can also reproduce asexually. In animals, however, cloning does not... | train | sciq | null |
An example of hydrolysis working within our bodies is the process of what? | [
"filtration",
"absorption",
"breathing",
"digestion"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
What theory can explain virtually all the properties of metals? | [
"band theory",
"bonding theory",
"formation theory",
"property law theory"
] | A | Band theory can explain virtually all the properties of metals. Metals conduct electricity, for example, because only a very small amount of energy is required to excite an electron from a filled level to an empty one, where it is free to migrate rapidly throughout the crystal in response to an applied electric field. ... | train | sciq | null |
Serious imbalances, cancer and other diseases can result when expression of what goes awry? | [
"gametes",
"proteins",
"ribosomes",
"genes"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
Which organ's diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes? | [
"heart",
"kidney",
"lungs",
"pancreas"
] | B | Kidney diseases include kidney stones, infections, and kidney failure due to diabetes. Kidney failure may be treated with dialysis. | train | sciq | null |
What single-celled organism can be either a predator, decomposer, herbivore, or parasite in the food chain? | [
"Diatoms",
"vertebrates",
"mites",
"protozoa"
] | D | Protozoa generally feed by engulfing and digesting other organisms. As consumers, they have various roles in food chains and webs. Some are predators. They prey upon other single-celled organisms, such as bacteria. In fact, protozoa predators keep many bacterial populations in check. Other protozoa are herbivores. They... | train | sciq | null |
What layer, made of hot, solid rock, is beneath the earth's crust? | [
"core",
"mantle",
"magma",
"marble"
] | B | Beneath the crust is the mantle . The mantle is made of hot, solid rock. Through the process of conduction, heat flows from warmer objects to cooler objects ( Figure below ). The lower mantle is heated directly by conduction from the core. | train | sciq | null |
Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause what illness? | [
"natural poisoning",
"bacterial spoilage",
"bacterial poisoning",
"food poisoning"
] | D | Some bacteria can contaminate food and cause food poisoning. | train | sciq | null |
The enzyme pepsin works only in the presence of what? | [
"acid",
"carbohydrates",
"oxygen",
"sodium"
] | A | The enzyme pepsin works only in the presence of acid. A strong acid is secreted into the stomach. It provides the acid that pepsin needs. You will learn about acids in the next chapter, "Chemistry of Solutions. " Vinegar and lemon juice are two common acids. | train | sciq | null |
What organisms known as decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms into smaller molecules? | [
"trees",
"bacteria",
"herbivores",
"consumers"
] | B | Bacteria known as decomposers break down wastes and dead organisms into smaller molecules. These bacteria use the organic substrates they break down to get their energy, carbon, and nutrients they need for survival. | train | sciq | null |
Both flukes and tapeworms are parasites with what kind of host? | [
"trees",
"insect",
"cells",
"vertebrate"
] | D | Both flukes and tapeworms are parasites with vertebrate hosts, including human hosts. Flukes live in the host’s circulatory system or liver. Tapeworms live in the host’s digestive system. Usually, more than one type of host is required to complete the parasite’s life cycle. Look at the life cycle of the liver fluke in ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the transfer of information from rna to dna called? | [
"forward transcription",
"reverse differentiation",
"reverse transcription",
"confront transcription"
] | C | Reverse transcription is the transfer of information from RNA to DNA. The is the reverse of normal transcription. Reverse transcription occurs in retroviruses, such as HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Retroviruses are RNA viruses that are duplicated in a host cell by using reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA fr... | train | sciq | null |
In science, anything that has mass and volume is considered what? | [
"an element",
"visible",
"renewable",
"matter"
] | D | Matter is all the “stuff” that exists in the universe. Everything you can see and touch is made of matter, including you! The only things that aren’t matter are forms of energy, such as light and sound. In science, matter is defined as anything that has mass and volume. Mass and volume measure different aspects of matt... | train | sciq | null |
Cells with different functions often differ in what physical property? | [
"weight",
"size",
"shape",
"density"
] | C | Cells come in many different shapes. Cells with different functions often have different shapes. | train | sciq | null |
Wich disorder arises when defective valves allow blood to accumulate within the veins? | [
"varicose veins",
"vascular disease",
"bulging veins",
"cataracts veins"
] | A | Edema may be accompanied by varicose veins, especially in the superficial veins of the legs (Figure 20.8). This disorder arises when defective valves allow blood to accumulate within the veins, causing them to distend, twist, and become visible on the surface of the integument. Varicose veins may occur in both sexes, b... | train | sciq | null |
Ocean water has what property because water dissolves minerals out of rocks? | [
"muddy",
"fizzy",
"salty",
"sweet"
] | C | Ocean water is salty because water dissolves minerals out of rocks. The ions enter the water. This happens whenever water flows over or through rocks. Much of this water and its minerals end up in the oceans. Minerals dissolved in water form salts. When the water evaporates, it leaves the salts behind. As a result, oce... | train | sciq | null |
What term refers to patterns of stars seen from earth? | [
"constellations",
"horoscope",
"astrology",
"astronomers"
] | A | Constellations are patterns of stars seen from Earth. These stars are usually not near each other. | train | sciq | null |
What gives the plant cell strength and protection? | [
"a cell wall",
"the cell nucleus",
"the protons",
"the genes"
] | A | Second, plant cells have a cell wall , while animal cells do not ( Figure below ). The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane but does not keep substances from entering or leaving the cell. A cell wall gives the plant cell strength and protection. | train | sciq | null |
If pollination occurs, what does the zygote develop into? | [
"a sperm",
"an egg",
"an ovum",
"an embryo"
] | D | Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from a male to female cone. If sperm then travel from the pollen to an egg so fertilization can occur, a diploid zygote results. The zygote develops into an embryo within a seed, which forms from the ovule inside the female cone. If the seed germinates, it may grow into a m... | train | sciq | null |
Hiv has proteins called what, internal to the envelope, which help stabilize virion shape? | [
"sphere proteins",
"matrix proteins",
"step proteins",
"reduction proteins"
] | B | Figure 21.4 Viruses can be either complex in shape or relatively simple. This figure shows three relatively complex virions: the bacteriophage T4, with its DNA-containing head group and tail fibers that attach to host cells; adenovirus, which uses spikes from its capsid to bind to host cells; and HIV, which uses glycop... | train | sciq | null |
What are two basic types of pollutants in the air? | [
"pesticides and smog",
"smog and coal",
"organic and inorganic",
"primary and secondary pollutants"
] | D | There are two basic types of pollutants in air. They are known as primary pollutants and secondary pollutants. | train | sciq | null |
How do humans learn behaviors? | [
"pressure",
"Verbal pressure",
"Aural pressure",
"conditioning"
] | D | Humans learn behaviors through conditioning, as well. A young child might learn to put away his toys by being rewarded with a bedtime story. An older child might learn to study for tests in school by being rewarded with better grades. Can you think of behaviors you have learned by being rewarded for them?. | train | sciq | null |
Just about all life processes depend on what? | [
"air",
"carbon",
"water",
"meat"
] | C | Water is involved in many biochemical reactions. As a result, just about all life processes depend on water. | train | sciq | null |
During labor, what do contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus cause? | [
"excretion",
"spontaneous abortion",
"premature birth",
"cervical dilation"
] | D | Near the time of birth, the amniotic sac breaks in a gush of fluid. Labor usually begins within a day of this event. Labor involves contractions of the muscular walls of the uterus, which cause the cervix to dilate. With the mother’s help, the contractions eventually push the fetus out of the uterus and through the vag... | train | sciq | null |
How is communication initiated and maintained with spacecraft? | [
"telegraph",
"sonar",
"radio waves",
"wi-fi"
] | C | Radio waves are used for communicating with spacecraft. A round-trip communication from Earth to Mars takes anywhere from 6 to 42 minutes. What challenges might this present for sending unmanned spacecraft and probes to Mars?. | train | sciq | null |
Dna replication is the first step in what process for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? | [
"cell death",
"cell growth",
"cell transfer",
"cell division"
] | D | 1. The first step in eukaryotic cell division, as it is in prokaryotic cell division, is DNA replication. As you can see in Figure below , each chromosome then consists of two identical copies. The two copies are called sister chromatids. They are attached to each other at a point called the centromere. | train | sciq | null |
The prostate is formed of both muscular and which other tissues? | [
"cartilage tissue",
"nonvascular tissue",
"scar",
"glandular"
] | D | Prostate Gland As shown in Figure 27.2, the centrally located prostate gland sits anterior to the rectum at the base of the bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra (the portion of the urethra that runs within the prostate). About the size of a walnut, the prostate is formed of both muscular and glandular tissues. It ... | train | sciq | null |
A mammal that reproduces by laying eggs is called what? | [
"maidenhair",
"mammal",
"cactaceae",
"monotreme"
] | D | Platypus. The platypus is a monotreme, a mammal that reproduces by laying eggs. | train | sciq | null |
Adaptations that go along with the active, carnivorous lifestyle of sharks are known as? | [
"Relative traits",
"acute senses",
"similar senses",
"acute parameters"
] | B | train | sciq | null |
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