question stringlengths 1 6.54k | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 4
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The two general types of reproduction are sexual and what? | [
"asexual",
"primitive",
"unisexual",
"bisexual"
] | A | Reproduction is how organisms produce offspring. The ability to reproduce is a characteristic of all living things. In some species, all the offspring are genetically identical to the parent. In other species, each offspring is genetically unique. Look at the kittens in Figure below . They are brothers and sisters, but... | train | sciq | null |
Acid rain is corrosive rain caused by rainwater falling to the ground through which gas? | [
"carbon dioxide",
"essential dioxide",
"sulfur dioxide",
"sulfide dioxide"
] | C | Sulfur enters the ocean in runoff from land, from atmospheric fallout, and from underwater geothermal vents. Some ecosystems rely on chemoautotrophs using sulfur as a biological energy source. This sulfur then supports marine ecosystems in the form of sulfates. Human activities have played a major role in altering the ... | train | sciq | null |
What is the net force when two forces act in the same direction? | [
"group of forces",
"sum of the forces",
"arguing forces",
"number of the forces"
] | B | Two forces may act on an object in the same direction. You can see an example of this in Figure below . After the man on the left lifts up the couch, he will push the couch to the right with a force of 25 newtons. At the same time, the man to the right is pulling the couch to the right with a force of 20 newtons. When ... | train | sciq | null |
What hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism | [
"the seager hypothesis",
"Big Bang theory",
"the gaia hypothesis",
"small world theory"
] | C | The Gaia hypothesis states that the biosphere is its own living organism. | train | sciq | null |
The planet neptune has strange dark spots that sometimes appear on its surface? what are these spots? | [
"black holes",
"seas",
"earthquakes",
"storms"
] | D | Neptune is very cold and has very strong winds. It had a large dark spot that disappeared. Another dark spot appeared on another part of the planet. These dark spots are storms in Neptune’s atmosphere. | train | sciq | null |
The thalamus acts as a gateway to and from what? | [
"cortex",
"pons",
"spine",
"medulla oblongata"
] | A | The thalamus acts as a gateway to and from the cortex. It receives sensory and motor inputs from the body and also receives feedback from the cortex. This feedback mechanism can modulate conscious awareness of sensory and motor inputs depending on the attention and arousal state of the animal. The thalamus helps regula... | train | sciq | null |
When describing motion, what factor is just as important as distance? | [
"velocity",
"momentum",
"direction",
"pressure"
] | C | Direction is just as important as distance in describing motion. For example, if Mia told a friend how to reach the post office from her house, she couldn’t just say, "go 3 kilometers. " The friend might end up at the park instead of the post office. Mia would have to be more specific. She could say, "go west for 2 kil... | train | sciq | null |
What often relies on cooperation between the motor and autonomic nervous systems? | [
"homeostasis",
"ketosis",
"hypothalamus",
"thermoregulation"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What nerves are connected to the spinal cord? | [
"posterior nerves",
"primary nerves",
"spinal nerves",
"superior nerves"
] | C | Spinal Nerves The nerves connected to the spinal cord are the spinal nerves. The arrangement of these nerves is much more regular than that of the cranial nerves. All of the spinal nerves are combined sensory and motor axons that separate into two nerve roots. The sensory axons enter the spinal cord as the dorsal nerve... | train | sciq | null |
What source of water pollution picks up chemicals from the ground with water and carries them to bodies of water? | [
"erosion",
"sediment",
"runoff",
"fertilizer"
] | C | Water pollution comes from many sources. One of the biggest sources is runoff. Runoff picks up chemicals such as fertilizer from agricultural fields, lawns, and golf courses. It carries the chemicals to bodies of water. The added nutrients from fertilizer often cause excessive growth of algae, creating algal blooms (se... | train | sciq | null |
Where do all cells come from? | [
"busy cells",
"large cells",
"pre-existing cells",
"dying cells"
] | C | All cells come from pre-existing cells. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for learning from past experiences and reasoning? | [
"insight learning",
"consequence learning",
"logical learning",
"experimental learning"
] | A | Insight learning is learning from past experiences and reasoning. It generally involves coming up with new ways to solve problems. Insight learning generally happens quickly. An animal has a sudden flash of insight. Insight learning requires relatively great intelligence. Human beings use insight learning more than any... | train | sciq | null |
Science is the process of knowing about the natural universe through observation and this? | [
"variation",
"experimental",
"Test",
"experiment"
] | D | Chemistry is a branch of science. Although science itself is difficult to define exactly, the following definition can serve as starting point. Science is the process of knowing about the natural universe through observation and experiment. Science is not the only process of knowing (e. , the ancient Greeks simply sat ... | train | sciq | null |
What type of plant keeps it green leaves year-round? | [
"cactus",
"conifer",
"deciduous",
"evergreen plant"
] | D | An evergreen plant keeps its green leaves year-round. It may have needle-like leaves to reduce water loss. | train | sciq | null |
What are reactions that can occur only in one direction called? | [
"critical",
"instantaneous",
"permanent",
"irreversible"
] | D | Some chemical reactions can occur in only one direction. These reactions are called irreversible reactions. The reactants can change to the products, but the products cannot change back to the reactants. These reactions are like making a cake. The ingredients of a cake—such as eggs and flour—are the reactants. They are... | train | sciq | null |
What is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane? | [
"electrolysis",
"organelle motion",
"osmosis",
"active transport"
] | C | Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane and down a concentration gradient. They can move into or out of a cell, depending on the concentration of the solute. | train | sciq | null |
What forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air? | [
"smoke",
"sandstorms",
"tsunamis",
"fog"
] | D | Fog forms when there is a difference in temperature between the land and the air. | train | sciq | null |
What domain-level category of cells can contain more than 1000 times the dna found in a typical bacterial cell? | [
"eukaryotic",
"mutations",
"genetic",
"chromosomes"
] | A | Figure 11.35 (a) Capillary action depends on the radius of a tube. The smaller the tube, the greater the height reached. The height is negligible for large-radius tubes. (b) A denser fluid in the same tube rises to a smaller height, all other factors being the same. | train | sciq | null |
What gas is released by burning of fossil fuels and contributes to global warming? | [
"helium",
"hydrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"nitrous oxide"
] | C | Using fossil fuels affects the environment in a variety of ways. There are impacts to the environment when we extract these resources. Burning these fuels causes air pollution. These fuels release carbon dioxide, which is a major factor in global warming ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
A major disturbance in what results in an episode of severe weather called a storm? | [
"the oceans",
"the ozone layer",
"the atmosphere",
"the core"
] | C | A storm is an episode of severe weather. It is caused by a major disturbance in the atmosphere. Types of storms include thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. | train | sciq | null |
Bone marrow, the thymus gland, the spleen, and the tonsils are organs in what body system? | [
"nervous system",
"reproductive system",
"skeletal system",
"immune system"
] | D | Immune system organs include bone marrow, the thymus gland, the spleen, and the tonsils. Each organ has a different job in the immune system. | train | sciq | null |
What term refers to the balance, or equilibrium, within the cell or a body, and an organism’s ability to keep a constant internal environment? | [
"consciousness",
"ketosis",
"homeostasis",
"metabolism"
] | C | Homeostasis refers to the balance, or equilibrium, within the cell or a body. It is an organism’s ability to keep a constant internal environment. Keeping a stable internal environment requires constant adjustments as conditions change inside and outside the cell. The adjusting of systems within a cell is called homeos... | train | sciq | null |
Atoms of different elements can combine in simple whole number ratios to form what? | [
"chemical compounds",
"combinations",
"mixtures",
"carbon compounds"
] | A | Atoms of different elements can combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds. | train | sciq | null |
What blood component serves both structural and molecular functions in blood clotting? | [
"proteins",
"platelets",
"plasma",
"molecules"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What type of reproduction begins when an egg and sperm combine? | [
"asexual reproduction",
"regular reproduction",
"natural reproduction",
"sexual reproduction"
] | D | 18.1 How Animals Reproduce Reproduction may be asexual when one individual produces genetically identical offspring, or sexual when the genetic material from two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring. Asexual reproduction in animals occurs through fission, budding, fragmentation, and partheno... | train | sciq | null |
What are long chains of amino acids? | [
"cells",
"Fatty Acid Chains",
"proteins",
"lipids"
] | C | The reverse reaction (amide hydrolysis) is very useful in the study of protein structure. Proteins are long chains of amino acids (each amino acid contains an amine group and a carboxyl group, both attached to a central carbon atom). The amino acids are linked together by amide bonds to form the long protein chain. One... | train | sciq | null |
What phase exists when all the water in a container has physical properties intermediate between those of the gaseous and liquid states? | [
"supercritical fluid",
"hydrothermal fluid",
"stationary fluid",
"impregnation fluid"
] | A | Supercritical Fluids If we place a sample of water in a sealed container at 25 °C, remove the air, and let the vaporization-condensation equilibrium establish itself, we are left with a mixture of liquid water and water vapor at a pressure of 0.03 atm. A distinct boundary between the more dense liquid and the less dens... | train | sciq | null |
What do you call the movement of a substance from an area of a higher amount toward an area of lower amount? | [
"filtration",
"diffusion",
"extraction",
"precipitation"
] | B | Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of a higher amount toward an area of lower amount. A concentration gradient initially exists across the cell membrane. Equilibrium is reached when there is an equal amount of the substance on both sides of the membrane. | train | sciq | null |
Each myofibril is made up of two types of proteins, called actin and what? | [
"elongation",
"dynein",
"Fatty Acid",
"myosin"
] | D | Each myofibril is made up of two types of proteins, called actin and myosin. These proteins form thread-like filaments. | train | sciq | null |
If the experimental value is less than the accepted value, the error is what? | [
"caused",
"positive",
"effective",
"negative"
] | D | If the experimental value is less than the accepted value, the error is negative. If the experimental value is larger than the accepted value, the error is positive. Often, error is reported as the absolute value of the difference in order to avoid the confusion of a negative error. The percent error is the absolute va... | train | sciq | null |
According to which process, sublevels and orbitals are filled with electrons in order of increasing energy? | [
"aufbau",
"particle dynamics",
"hausen",
"Schrodinger's cat"
] | A | According to the Aufbau process, sublevels and orbitals are filled with electrons in order of increasing energy. Since the s sublevel consists of just one orbital, the second electron simply pairs up with the first electron as in helium. The next element is lithium and necessitates the use of the next available subleve... | train | sciq | null |
The roughness of interacting surfaces and the magnitude of force pushing one object onto another are two factors related to what force? | [
"energy",
"tension",
"friction",
"temperature"
] | C | The force of friction between these two blocks is related to two factors. The first factor is the roughness of the surfaces that are interacting, which is called the coefficient of friction , (Greek letter mu). The second factor is the magnitude of the force pushing the top block down onto the lower block. It is reason... | train | sciq | null |
How many types of leptons are there? | [
"six",
"twelve",
"nine",
"two"
] | A | There are also six types of leptons, including electrons. Leptons have an electric charge of either -1 or 0. Electrons, for example, have a charge of -1. Leptons have mass, although the mass of electrons is extremely small. | train | sciq | null |
Plants, algae and bacteria are all examples of what type of organism? | [
"skeletal",
"photosynthetic",
"microbes",
"unicellular"
] | B | Photosynthetic organisms include plants, algae, and some bacteria. | train | sciq | null |
What forms after air cools below its dew point? | [
"smoke",
"sleet",
"fog",
"plasma"
] | C | Advection fog is famous in San Francisco, California. Warm, moist air comes in from the Pacific Ocean. The air blows over the cold California current. When the air cools below its dew point, fog forms. Sea breezes bring the fog onshore. | train | sciq | null |
In hornworts, the horns are the sporophytes that rise up from what? | [
"the leaflike gametophyte",
"the breaza gametophyte",
"the roots",
"the polyol gametophyte"
] | A | Jason Hollinger. In hornworts, the horns are the sporophytes that rise up from the leaflike gametophyte . CC BY 2.0. | train | sciq | null |
What generally sets the direction that technology takes? | [
"problems of society",
"local animals",
"local weather",
"random chance"
] | A | The goal of technology is to solve people’s problems. Therefore, the problems of society generally set the direction that technology takes. Technology, in turn, affects society. It may make people’s lives easier or healthier. Two examples are described in Figure below . | train | sciq | null |
Living things that feed on others are generally known as what? | [
"isolators",
"customers",
"consumers",
"producers"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What is an isotope that is radioactive called? | [
"isotopes",
"radioisotopes",
"matured isotope",
"radionuclides"
] | B | Many elements have one or more isotopes that are radioactive. These isotopes are called radioisotopes. An example of a radioisotope is carbon-14. | train | sciq | null |
What is a compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water called? | [
"compound",
"isolate",
"electrolyte",
"sulfate"
] | C | acid will form a homogeneous solution with water. (In fact, the solubility of both butanol and pentanoic acid in water is quite low, only about 3 g per 100 g water at 25°C. ) 10. An electrolyte is any compound that can form ions when it dissolves in water. When a strong electrolyte dissolves in water, it dissociates co... | train | sciq | null |
When using a generator, we are transforming what energy into what energy? | [
"kinetic into electrical",
"thermal into radioactive",
"magnetic into kinetic",
"mechanical into thermal"
] | A | Generators may be set up to produce either direct or alternating current. Generators in cars and most power plants produce alternating current. Regardless of the type of current, all generators change kinetic energy to electrical energy. | train | sciq | null |
What kind of resource is soil? | [
"finite",
"viable",
"renewable",
"nonrenewable"
] | C | Soil is a renewable resource. Sometimes it is lost faster than it can be replaced. | train | sciq | null |
What is the term for the stalk connecting a leaf to a stem? | [
"cuticle",
"blades",
"base",
"petiole"
] | D | Figure 30.4 Leaves are attached to the plant stem at areas called nodes. An internode is the stem region between two nodes. The petiole is the stalk connecting the leaf to the stem. The leaves just above the nodes arose from axillary buds. | train | sciq | null |
What are the specialized cells within the brain called? | [
"neurons",
"electrons",
"ions",
"protons"
] | A | Figure 3.9 (a) A typical human brain weighs about 1.5 kg and occupies a volume of roughly 1.1 L. (b) Information is transmitted in brain tissue and throughout the central nervous system by specialized cells called neurons (micrograph shows cells at 1600× magnification). Specialized cells called neurons transmit informa... | train | sciq | null |
What stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands following childbirth? | [
"estrogen",
"prolactin",
"progesterone",
"melanin"
] | B | (PRL) in females. Prolactin stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands following childbirth. Prolactin levels are regulated by the hypothalamic hormones prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) and prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) which is now known to be dopamine. PRH stimulates the release of prolactin and PI... | train | sciq | null |
In vascular plants, the sporophyte generation is what? | [
"resting",
"submissive",
"non-existant",
"dominant"
] | D | In vascular plants, the sporophyte generation is dominant. | train | sciq | null |
What organ system transports blood through the body and to and from the lungs? | [
"nervous",
"circulatory",
"metabolism",
"digestive"
] | B | in animals but also in plants. An organ system is a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs. Mammals have many organ systems. For instance, the circulatory system transports blood through the body and to and from the lungs; it includes organs such as the heart and blood vessels. Organi... | train | sciq | null |
"cardio" has become slang for what type of exercise that raises your heart rate for an extended amount of time? | [
"cyclical",
"anaerobic",
"aerobic",
"kinetic"
] | C | "Cardio" has become slang for aerobic exercise that raises your heart rate for an extended amount of time. Cardio can include biking, running, or swimming. Can you guess one of the main organs of the cardiovascular system? Yes, your heart. | train | sciq | null |
How many protons do all atoms of a particular element have in their nuclei? | [
"varying number",
"same number",
"zero",
"three"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
One of the five fundamental conservation laws in the universe refers to conservation of what, which is the product of mass and velocity? | [
"light",
"fluid",
"momentum",
"energy"
] | C | The universe has many remarkable qualities, among them a rather beautiful symmetry: the total amount of motion in the universe balances out … always. This law only makes sense if we measure “motion” in a specific way: as the product of mass and velocity. This product, called momentum , can be exchanged from one object ... | train | sciq | null |
Copper oxide is a result of what two substances mixing? | [
"crystal and oxygen",
"copper and oxygen",
"metal and oxygen",
"copper and gas"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The process of getting oxygen into the body and releasing carbon dioxide is called? | [
"osmosis",
"persperation",
"precipitation",
"respiration"
] | D | The process of getting oxygen into the body and releasing carbon dioxide is called respiration . Sometimes breathing is called respiration, but there is much more to respiration than just breathing. Breathing is only the movement of oxygen into the body and carbon dioxide out of the body. The process of respiration als... | train | sciq | null |
Someone who believes something despite the evidence is referred to by what term that references a false belief about our planet? | [
"conspiracy theorist",
"flat-earther",
"solid - earther",
"geocentric-earther"
] | B | Flat-earther is a term used to describe someone who believes something despite the evidence. Or who does not believe something despite the evidence. There are actually people who believe that Earth is flat. They say that satellite photos are faked. They believe that the Apollo Moon landings were faked. But there are ve... | train | sciq | null |
Which cells continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients and transport these nutrients to the lymphatic and circulatory systems? | [
"blood cells",
"myocyte",
"epithelial cells",
"neurons"
] | C | Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege. org/l/sintestine) that depicts the structure of the small intestine, and, in particular, the villi. Epithelial cells continue the digestion and absorption of nutrients and transport these nutrients to the lymphatic and circulatory systems. In the small intestine, the produc... | train | sciq | null |
Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on? | [
"surface",
"speed",
"weight",
"gravity"
] | A | Pressure is defined as the force per unit area on a surface. | train | sciq | null |
What do body cells use for energy? | [
"solvents",
"mixtures",
"chlorophyll",
"sugars"
] | D | A: You may eat a wide variety of carbohydrates—from sugars in fruits to starches in potatoes. However, body cells use only sugars for energy. | train | sciq | null |
What force pulls people and objects toward the center of the earth? | [
"variation",
"motion",
"magnetism",
"gravity"
] | D | You are already very familiar with Earth’s gravity. It constantly pulls you toward the center of the planet. It prevents you and everything else on Earth from being flung out into space as the planet spins on its axis. It also pulls objects above the surface, from meteors to skydivers, down to the ground. Gravity betwe... | train | sciq | null |
The rate of decay of carbon-14 does what over time? | [
"remains stable",
"decreases",
"becomes unstable",
"increases"
] | A | The rate of decay of carbon-14 is stable over time. | train | sciq | null |
What behavior includes all the ways that animals interact with each other and the environment? | [
"instinct",
"animal behavior",
"interdependence",
"adaptation"
] | B | Did you ever see a dog sit on command? Have you ever watched a cat trying to catch a mouse? These are just two examples of the many behaviors of animals. Animal behavior includes all the ways that animals interact with each other and the environment. Examples of common animal behaviors are pictured in Figure below . | train | sciq | null |
Food chains carry energy from what group to what group? | [
"producers to consumers",
"refiners to consumers",
"consumers to producers",
"decomposers to producers"
] | A | Food chains carry energy from producers (autotrophs) to consumers (heterotrophs). 99% of energy for life comes from the sun via photosynthesis. Note that only nutrients recycle. Energy must continue to flow into the system. Though this food chains "ends" with decomposers, do decomposers, in fact, digest matter from eac... | train | sciq | null |
What are professionals in technology are generally called ? | [
"doctors",
"biomechanics",
"engineers",
"scientists"
] | C | Companies that design and build roller coasters employ a range of technology professionals. Technology is the application of science to real-world problems. Professionals in technology are generally called engineers . Engineers are creative problem solvers. They use math and science to design and develop just about eve... | train | sciq | null |
What force occurs whenever two surfaces come into contact? | [
"friction",
"vibration",
"tension",
"gravity"
] | A | Even if Laura didn’t try to stop the skateboard, it would stop sooner or later. That’s because there’s also friction between the wheels and the pavement. Friction is a force that counters all kinds of motion. It occurs whenever two surfaces come into contact. | train | sciq | null |
The anatomy of primate eyes shows they tend to rely more on vision than what sense, which is dominant in many other mammals? | [
"smell",
"taste",
"hearing",
"touch"
] | A | Primates usually rely more on the sense of vision rather than the sense of smell, which is the dominant sense in many other mammals. The importance of vision in primates is reflected by the bony socket that surrounds and protects the primate eye. Primates have widely spaced eyes in the same plane that give them stereos... | train | sciq | null |
What are sensory cells? | [
"specialized epithelial or squirm cells",
"specialized neurons or navigable cells",
"specialized neurons or epithelial cells",
"specialized neurons or squirm cells"
] | C | train | sciq | null | |
What is it called when waves interact with other waves? | [
"wave impact",
"wave interference",
"wave collision",
"combination interference"
] | B | Waves interact not only with matter in the ways described above. Waves also interact with other waves. This is called wave interference . Wave interference may occur when two waves that are traveling in opposite directions meet. The two waves pass through each other, and this affects their amplitude. How amplitude is a... | train | sciq | null |
What is the ph level for pure water? | [
"pH of 0",
"ph of 6.47",
"ph of 7",
"ph of 3.17"
] | C | The extremely low hydronium ion concentration of pure water gives pure water a neutral pH of 7. Acids have a pH lower than 7, and bases have a pH higher than 7. | train | sciq | null |
What is vital for nervous system functions that include muscle stimulation, memory formation, and learning? | [
"glycogen",
"acetylcholine",
"thiamine",
"glutamate"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The benthic zone is found at the bottom of all of what type of biomes? | [
"well",
"aquatic",
"space",
"desert"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
The hydroxyl radical is highly reactive because it has what? | [
"paired electron",
"unpaired electron",
"unpaired neutron",
"paired proton"
] | B | Because the hydroxyl radical has an unpaired electron, it is highly reactive. (This is true of any substance with unpaired electrons, known as a free radical. ) This hydroxyl radical can react with all kinds of biological molecules (DNA, proteins, enzymes, and so on), causing damage to the molecules and disrupting phys... | train | sciq | null |
Gametes swim with the aid of what structure to the female gametangium, and fertilization ensues? | [
"flagella",
"acrosome",
"nucleus",
"oocyte"
] | A | gametes swim with the aid of their flagella to the female gametangium (the archegonium), and fertilization ensues. The zygote grows into a small sporophyte still attached to the parent gametophyte. It will give rise, by meiosis, to the next generation of spores. Liverwort plants can also reproduce asexually, by the bre... | train | sciq | null |
A phospholipid is a bond between the glycerol component of a lipid and what else? | [
"elemental molecule",
"chlorine molecule",
"oxygen molecule",
"phosphorous molecule"
] | D | Phospholipids As its name suggests, a phospholipid is a bond between the glycerol component of a lipid and a phosphorous molecule. In fact, phospholipids are similar in structure to triglycerides. However, instead of having three fatty acids, a phospholipid is generated from a diglyceride, a glycerol with just two fatt... | train | sciq | null |
What connects the fetus to the placenta? | [
"umbilical cord",
"amniotic sac",
"fallopian tube",
"womb"
] | A | The placenta allows nutrients and wastes to be exchanged between the mother and fetus. The fetus is connected to the placenta through the umbilical cord. | train | sciq | null |
In desert cactus, thorns that protect the water held in a large, barrel-shaped stem are an example of what? | [
"adaptation",
"feature",
"species",
"characteristic"
] | A | The saguaro cactus pictured in Figure below has adapted in all three ways. When it was still a very small plant, just a few inches high, its shallow roots already reached out as much as 2 meters (7 feet) from the base of the stem. By now, its root system is much more widespread. It allows the cactus to gather as much m... | train | sciq | null |
What are the most common dietary lipids? | [
"triglycerides",
"diglycerides",
"phospholipids",
"monoglycerides"
] | A | Lipid Digestion A healthy diet limits lipid intake to 35 percent of total calorie intake. The most common dietary lipids are triglycerides, which are made up of a glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acid chains. Small amounts of dietary cholesterol and phospholipids are also consumed. The three lipases responsible f... | train | sciq | null |
What process is the opposite of fusion and releases energy only when heavy nuclei are split? | [
"fission",
"diffusion",
"activation",
"osmosis"
] | A | Fission is the opposite of fusion and releases energy only when heavy nuclei are split. As noted in Fusion, energy is released if the products of a nuclear reaction have a greater binding energy per nucleon ( BE / A ) than the parent nuclei. Figure 32.25. | train | sciq | null |
Visible light is the narrow segment of what, to which the normal human eye responds? | [
"phenomena spectrum",
"radio spectrum",
"electromagnetic spectrum",
"molecular spectrum"
] | C | Visible Light Visible light is the narrow segment of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the normal human eye responds. Visible light is produced by vibrations and rotations of atoms and molecules, as well as by electronic transitions within atoms and molecules. The receivers or detectors of light largely utilize ele... | train | sciq | null |
Bromine is much less abundant than fluorine or chlorine, but it is easily recovered from seawater, which contains about 65 mg of br− per what? | [
"liter",
"gallon",
"pound",
"foot"
] | A | electrolysis2NaOH ( aq ) + Cl2 ( g ) + H 2 ( g ) Bromine is much less abundant than fluorine or chlorine, but it is easily recovered from seawater, which contains about 65 mg of Br− per liter. Salt lakes and underground brines are even richer sources; for example, the Dead Sea contains 4 g of Br− per liter. Iodine is t... | train | sciq | null |
Karyotyping shows whether what structures, which contain genetic information, are normal in number and appearance? | [
"chromosomes",
"ribosomes",
"nucleoids",
"neutrons"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
Real gases deviate from ideal form at high pressure and what other thermodynamic condition? | [
"high winds",
"high temperatures",
"low pressure",
"low temperatures"
] | D | Real gases deviate from ideal gases at high pressures and at low temperatures. | train | sciq | null |
Organic substances, including proteins, carbohydrates, and oils, contain what element? | [
"acid",
"iron",
"carbon",
"oxygen"
] | C | A mineral is an inorganic substance. It was not made by living organisms. Organic substances contain carbon. Some types of organic substances are proteins, carbohydrates, and oils. Everything else is inorganic. In a few cases, living organisms make inorganic materials. The calcium carbonate shells made by marine animal... | train | sciq | null |
What term describes anything that occupies space and has mass, and is generally divided into three states? | [
"stuff",
"matter",
"lquid",
"galaxy"
] | B | Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. A physical change involves the conversion of a substance from one state of matter to another, without changing its chemical composition. Most matter consists of mixtures of pure substances, which can behomogeneou... | train | sciq | null |
When light strikes the rods and cones, they hyperpolarize, shutting off their release of what? | [
"vitreous fluid",
"enzyme",
"dopamine",
"glutamate"
] | D | train | sciq | null | |
The heart contracts rhythmically to pump what to the lungs and the rest of the body? | [
"Cerumen",
"Bile",
"blood",
"Chyle"
] | C | The heart contracts rhythmically to pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body. Specialized cardiac muscle cells trigger the contractions. | train | sciq | null |
What do light emitters do to what you see? | [
"block frequencies",
"add frequencies",
"divide frequencies",
"subtract frequencies"
] | B | Discussions of colors can sometimes become confusing because of the difference between light emitters and light absorbers. Light absorbers, such as dyes and pigments, absorb frequencies from those that you see, while light emitters add frequencies to what you see. If I were to shine red light, green light, and blue lig... | train | sciq | null |
A turbine using tides in the ocean can create what type of energy? | [
"kinetic",
"conversion",
"diffused",
"electricity"
] | D | Tides in the ocean can also turn a turbine to create electricity. This energy can then be stored until needed ( Figure below ). | train | sciq | null |
The atomic number is the same as the number of what in an atom? | [
"electrons",
"protons",
"ions",
"neutrons"
] | B | The number of protons in an atom is called its atomic number. This is also unique for each element. | train | sciq | null |
What is the closed circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates called? | [
"digestive system",
"cardiovascular system",
"respiratory system",
"reproductive system"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
"red-shift" refers to a shift toward red in the spectrum from what celestial bodies? | [
"comets",
"stars",
"planets",
"galaxies"
] | B | The spectrum from stars is shifted toward the red; this is known as red-shift. Red-shift of galaxies is evidence that the Universe is expanding. | train | sciq | null |
What is the name for substances with a ph above 7? | [
"bases",
"acid",
"protein",
"nutrient"
] | A | Bases have a lower concentration of hydronium ions than pure water, and a pH higher than 7. | train | sciq | null |
The subducting oceanic plate does what as it reenters the mantle? | [
"evaporates",
"melts",
"freezes",
"disappers"
] | B | As you would expect, where plates collide there are lots of intense earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The subducting oceanic plate melts as it reenters the mantle. The magma rises and erupts. This creates a volcanic mountain range near the coast of the continent. This range is called a continental arc . The Andes Mou... | train | sciq | null |
Which stage of development is a period during which apoptosis is widespread and plays a crucial role? | [
"embryonic",
"transgenic",
"puberty",
"infancy"
] | A | train | sciq | null | |
What orifice in the body is particularly helpful in both digestion and respiration? | [
"anus",
"mouth",
"nostril",
"nose"
] | B | train | sciq | null | |
What subphylum, which includes crabs and crayfish, represents the dominant aquatic arthropods? | [
"invertebrates",
"crustaceans",
"sponges",
"arachnids"
] | B | Crustaceans, such as shrimp, lobsters, crabs, and crayfish, are the dominant aquatic arthropods. A few crustaceans are [3] terrestrial species like the pill bugs or sow bugs. The number of described crustacean species stands at about 47,000. Although the basic body plan in crustaceans is similar to the Hexapoda—head, t... | train | sciq | null |
What do neurons pass to the next neuron? | [
"receptors",
"neurotransmitters",
"contaminants",
"blood"
] | B | Did you ever watch a relay race? After the first runner races, he or she passes the baton to the next runner, who takes over. Neurons are a little like relay runners. Instead of a baton, they pass neurotransmitters to the next neuron. Examples of neurotransmitters are chemicals such as serotonin, dopamine, and adrenali... | train | sciq | null |
What determines which type of precipitation falls in the atmosphere? | [
"air temperature",
"moon phase",
"time of day",
"air density"
] | A | Why does it snow instead of rain? Air temperature determines which type of precipitation falls. Rain falls if the air temperature is above freezing (0° C or 32° F). Frozen precipitation falls if the air or ground is below freezing. Frozen precipitation may fall as snow , sleet , or freezing rain . Below, you can see ho... | train | sciq | null |
The main functions of what complex carbohydrates are to store energy and form structural tissues? | [
"polysaccharides",
"monosaccharides",
"polypeptides",
"oligosaccharides"
] | A | The main functions of polysaccharides are to store energy and form structural tissues. Examples of several other polysaccharides and their roles are listed in the Table below . These complex carbohydrates play important roles in living organisms. | train | sciq | null |
High consumption of saturated fats is linked to an increased risk of what disease? | [
"cardiovascular disease",
"pulmonary edema",
"diabetes",
"high blood pressure"
] | A | Unsaturated fat is generally considered to be healthier because it contains fewer calories than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. Additionally, high consumption of saturated fats is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Some examples of foods with high concentrations of saturated fats include butt... | train | sciq | null |
What does hair get its color from? | [
"melanin pigments",
"elasticity pigments",
"stimulating pigments",
"fluorescent pigments"
] | A | 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin Accessory structures of the skin include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands. Hair is made of dead keratinized cells, and gets its color from melanin pigments. Nails, also made of dead keratinized cells, protect the extremities of our. | train | sciq | null |
What type of animal in the sea spend most of their lives as medusae? | [
"jellyfish",
"whales",
"fish",
"sharks"
] | A | Jellyfish spend most of their lives as medusae. They live virtually everywhere in the ocean. They prey on zooplankton, other invertebrates, and the eggs and larvae of fish. | train | sciq | null |
Desert plants have evolved processes to conserve water and deal with harsh conditions. a more efficient use of co2 allows plants to adapt to living with what? | [
"more sunlight",
"less water",
"more water",
"less competition"
] | B | perpendicular to the surface at the point where the ray strikes the surface. | train | sciq | null |
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