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A plant produces tiny plants around the edges of its leaves. When these tiny plants fall to the ground, they take root and become new plants. This process is an example of
[ "sexual reproduction", "asexual reproduction", "evolution", "extinction" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A function of a plant's roots is to
[ "protect the plant.", "absorb water and minerals.", "remove waste products.", "take in food for the plant." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In order for sediments to become rock, the sediments are generally
[ "mixed with organic material.", "returned to their origins.", "compacted.", "liquefied." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
When bedrock in Massachusetts is examined, it often appears scraped and polished. Which of the following most likely caused the bedrock to appear scraped and polished?
[ "crustal deformation", "frequent earthquakes", "glacial movement", "volcanic eruptions" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Endothermic reactions are reactions that require more energy to start than they give off in the products. Which statement describes an endothermic reaction?
[ "It gives off heat energy and is hot to the touch.", "It absorbs heat energy and is cold to the touch.", "It gives off light energy and produces visible light.", "It gives off water and is wet to the touch." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which pair of English and metric units has most nearly the same value?
[ "liter and quart", "gram and ounce", "kilogram and pound", "kilometer and mile" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Students are studying the classifications of stars and they learned that the majority of stars are similar to the Sun. What can the students conclude knowing that most of the stars in the galaxy are like the Sun?
[ "Most of the stars will become black holes.", "Most of the stars are main sequence stars.", "Most of the stars are protostars.", "Most of the stars are red giants." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Mosquitoes have adapted to detect carbon dioxide using certain sensory nerves. Mosquitoes instinctually move toward greater concentrations of carbon dioxide. What is the importance of this adaptation?
[ "It helps mosquitoes find food.", "It helps mosquitoes find mates.", "It helps mosquitoes find clean air.", "It helps mosquitoes find shelter." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which unit can be used to describe an object's length?
[ "grams", "minutes", "liters", "meters" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Meteorologists categorize hurricanes based on the Saffir-Simpson scale. The scale measures the intensity and destructive potential of hurricanes. Which factor has the most significant effect on the strength of a hurricane?
[ "the initial speed of a hurricane", "the direction that the hurricane rotates", "the number of hurricanes that form in a year", "the temperature of the water below the hurricane" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Multicellular organisms grow in size by producing more
[ "cells.", "organs.", "heart muscle.", "chlorophyll." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which a molecular process found only in retroviruses?
[ "reverse translation", "translation", "reverse transcription", "transcription" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A group of students are observing a fish tank for a school assignment. The group is to share the observations with the class. Which statement about observations is true?
[ "Observations should always be recorded.", "Observations should be collected only once.", "Observations are only collected by scientists.", "Observations are always correct if used in a chart." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO_{3}) is commonly known as baking soda. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that can dissolve in water. Under the proper conditions, sodium bicarbonate can release carbon dioxide (CO_{2}) gas. Which of the following is not a physical property of sodium bicarbonate?
[ "It is white.", "It is a solid.", "It can dissolve in water.", "It releases carbon dioxide." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
To help it survive, an organism has a capsule, endospore, and pili. To which group does this organism belong?
[ "bacteria", "mollusk", "insect", "reptile" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What advantage is gained by using radio telescopes as opposed to optical telescopes?
[ "viewed images are clearer", "operation is less complex", "ability to see through clouds and dust", "ability to take up less space" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The process by which organisms with favorable variations reproduce at higher rates than those without such variations is
[ "disruptive selection.", "natural selection.", "sexual selection.", "directional selection." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Competition is most likely to occur between which two organisms?
[ "deer and butterflies", "owls and bacteria", "goldfish and rabbits", "grass and strawberry plants" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Some animals, such as squirrels, may bury acorns. Which of the following is most likely to happen to the acorns after they have been buried?
[ "The acorns will be carried away by the wind.", "The acorns will attach to another organism.", "The acorns will have a chance to sprout.", "The acorns will turn into fossils." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Why are most fossils found in sedimentary rocks?
[ "Sedimentary rocks are not very old.", "Organisms live only in areas with sedimentary rock.", "Organisms can be preserved in sedimentary rock.", "Sedimentary rocks are found only at the surface of the ground." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which model is used by scientists to determine the properties of elements?
[ "a Punnett square", "the Periodic Table", "a pedigree chart", "the rock cycle" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Life is more likely to be found on a planet whose atmosphere contains abundant
[ "neon.", "oxygen.", "hydrogen.", "sulfur dioxide." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Approximately how long does Earth take to complete its orbit around the Sun?
[ "one day", "one month", "one year", "one century" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student describes a substance as lacking a definite shape. The description also states that the particles of matter are close to each other but still able to flow past each other. Which type of substance is the student most likely describing?
[ "solid", "liquid", "mixture", "compound" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Electron transport in mitochondria results in a chemiosmotic gradient of which particle across the mitochondrial membrane?
[ "ADP", "ATP", "protons", "neutrons" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
At science conventions, scientists present their research, and members of the audience can discuss or ask questions about the research. The main value of these science conventions is that they allow scientists to
[ "see new places.", "find money for projects.", "practice public speaking.", "exchange their ideas." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
When a boy stands in a field in the sunlight, he usually is able to see his
[ "weight", "temperature", "reflection", "shadow" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In the human body, which system functions primarily to defend the body against disease?
[ "digestive", "immune", "nervous", "respiratory" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The moon goes through phases as it revolves around Earth. During which phase of the moon would it be possible for a solar eclipse to occur?
[ "new moon", "full moon", "waning", "waxing" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of these is the most common result of greenhouse gases altering the atmosphere of Earth?
[ "an increase in the air temperature", "a decrease in the air density", "an increase in the intensity of visible light", "a decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student was taking notes while the teacher was discussing cells. Which of these is a statement that the teacher most likely made?
[ "Most cells have the same shape.", "The shape of a cell depends upon its function.", "Cells that carry information are round and disk-shaped.", "Blood cells that move through the body are long and thread-like." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What goal does taxonomy accomplish?
[ "explains the differences between living organisms", "classifies living organisms into groups", "predicts the types of undiscovered organisms", "establishes relationships of organisms with their habitats" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The fusion reaction that fuels the Sun converts hydrogen into
[ "carbon.", "iron.", "neon.", "helium." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The main function of hormones in the human body is to
[ "identify and destroy microbes", "regulate body functions", "transport blood to cells", "store energy" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which gas, when condensed into its liquid state in the atmosphere, forms clouds?
[ "methane", "nitrogen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Fertilizers added by farmers to the soil contain high amounts of nitrates. How do fertilizers affect the nitrogen cycle?
[ "More nitrates are available for plants to absorb.", "More nitrates are available for animals to eat.", "More nitrogen gas is released into the atmosphere.", "More nitrogen is converted by bacteria into nitrates." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A scientist is comparing two body cells of a multicellular organism. Which of the following is most likely identical?
[ "shape of cell walls", "number of mitochondria", "shape of cell membranes", "number of chromosomes" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Organisms that consume wastes to obtain the nutrients they need to survive are classified as
[ "decomposers", "herbivores", "predators", "producers" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In the 1600s, Galileo Galilei studied the moons of Jupiter. What did Galileo do to make better observations?
[ "invented the microscope", "wrote a book about the planets", "created a model of the solar system", "made improvements to the telescope" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of these provides the best evidence that Earth's crust is divided into tectonic plates?
[ "the distribution of water on Earth's surface", "the distribution of biomes on Earth's surface", "the distribution of rock types on Earth's surface", "the distribution of earthquakes on Earth's surface" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What causes the soil in a flood plain to be generally rich in nutrients?
[ "constantly flowing water", "many fish in the river", "new soil deposited by the river", "warm water from an ocean" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which characteristic is common to all reptile species?
[ "endothermic (warm-blooded)", "slimy skin", "ectothermic (cold-blooded)", "hairy skin" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Scientists working for a company are testing a new medicine that they think will help heal damaged tissue. In which part of the company are the scientists working?
[ "distribution", "mass marketing", "public relations", "research" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Most of Earth's surface is covered by
[ "sand", "trees", "water", "mountains" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The chemical equation below shows reactants and products. 6CO_{2} + 12H_{2}O + light + enzymes -> C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2} + 6H_{2}O Which statement is best supported by analyzing this equation?
[ "CO_{2} is made from the chemical reaction.", "No new compounds are made from this reaction.", "O_{2}, oxygen gas, is needed to make the reaction start.", "The atoms rearrange in the chemical reaction so that C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}, glucose, is made." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In a desert environment, cactus wrens often build their nests in cholla cacti to avoid predators. This behavior does not hurt the cacti. Which type of relationship do cactus wrens and cholla cacti demonstrate?
[ "competitive", "commensalism", "mutualism", "parasitism" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?
[ "Heat and pressure", "Soil deposition", "Rain and wind", "River formation" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Photosynthesis is the process that converts carbon dioxide and water into
[ "carbon and oxygen.", "sugar and hydrogen.", "sugar and oxygen.", "nitrogen and carbon." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which statement best describes the organization of the Periodic Table of the Elements?
[ "All gases are grouped together.", "Gases easily form compounds with other elements.", "Elements within a group have similar properties.", "Elements within a period have the same number of electrons." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Signs in many stores and restaurants warn that microwaves are in use. What is the main reason for this warning?
[ "Some people do not like food cooked in microwave ovens.", "Microwaves sometimes affect people's sense of sight.", "Microwaves sometimes cause hair or teeth to fall out.", "Some people have pacemakers that may be affected by microwaves." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A scientist studies the remains of two extinct animals to learn more about how they lived. She determines that one animal was a carnivore and the other was an herbivore. Which of the following did the scientist most likely compare to make this conclusion?
[ "the number of bones in the animals", "the size of the animals", "the body covering of the animals", "the skull of the animals" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Human actions can change the rate at which soil erodes. Which of the following would most likely slow the rate of soil erosion?
[ "applying nitrogen-rich fertilizers", "keeping grasses trimmed short", "building houses on stilts", "planting trees along cliffs" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which ability is the most useful for making observations?
[ "senses", "memory", "creativity", "imagination" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Sterling silver is a combination of silver and copper. Which of the following is also a combination of two or more metals?
[ "aluminum.", "lead.", "gold.", "brass." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The cows in a rancher's herd of cattle have been selectively bred to produce milk. Which of the following will cause the next generation of cows to receive the trait for producing large quantities of milk?
[ "nutrients in the cows' food", "essential minerals in the cows' water", "electrical impulses in the cows' brains", "information in the cows' chromosomes" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What is the correct explanation for why we have day and night on Earth?
[ "The Sun orbits around the Earth.", "Earth orbits around the Sun.", "Earth turns on its axis.", "The Sun turns on its axis." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The body maintains equilibrium through a series of messages called a feedback mechanism. What organ releases hormones that maintain balanced glucose levels?
[ "liver", "blood", "fat cells", "pancreas" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Environmental organizations have asked businesses to take action to reduce waste. Which of the following changes could a business make in order to become more “environmentally friendly”?
[ "Purchase only recycled paper and paper products.", "When making photocopies, print on only one side of the paper.", "Purchase wood products manufactured only in other countries.", "When packing boxes, use Styrofoam™ filler instead of old newspapers." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The sound heard when a piano key is hit is caused by
[ "vibration.", "refraction.", "momentum.", "acceleration." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Wolves kill many elk every year and often attack old, sick, and injured members of a herd. Which of the following best describes the role of the wolves in the wolf-elk relationship?
[ "competitor", "host", "parasite", "predator" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following is produced when sugar is digested in an animal cell?
[ "carbon dioxide.", "chlorophyll.", "oxygen.", "sunlight." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of these groups contains single-celled organisms?
[ "birds", "plants", "fungus", "animals" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Students studying rocks notice that in a particular location there are many igneous rocks that are very similar. This observation best supports which statement?
[ "A nearby volcano is tall.", "A nearby volcano is inactive.", "A nearby volcano is about to erupt.", "A nearby volcano had once been active." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Shale is a sedimentary rock that can be metamorphosed into slate by
[ "cementation.", "chemical weathering.", "sedimentation.", "increased pressure." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Plants need iron to grow. What parts of plants take in iron?
[ "roots", "flowers", "stems", "leaves" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following is the best observation of the refraction of light?
[ "Looking at oneself in a mirror", "Looking at a shadow of an object", "Viewing an object through an open window", "Viewing an object partially in water" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A group of students investigated the effect of water temperature on the gill movements of goldfish. The students tested water temperatures from 20°C to 10°C at 2-degree intervals. The data showed that as water temperature decreased, the average number of gill movements per minute by the goldfish also decreased. Which t...
[ "a bar graph", "a pie chart", "a line graph", "a tally chart" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The directions for making a protein
[ "result in DNA.", "are carried by DNA.", "result in amino acids.", "are carried by amino acids." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Denise was driving east over a hill in the afternoon, shortly after a rain shower. Suddenly the sun broke through the clouds, and she saw a rainbow ahead of her. Which of the following made the rainbow possible?
[ "Sunlight can be separated into all the colors of the rainbow.", "Water reflects sunlight like a mirror to make it look colored.", "Overhead black clouds reflect in puddles to cause a mirage.", "Air pollution causes the sky to look colored under these conditions." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Rhea is a moon of Saturn. Which of these facts about Rhea best indicates that it does not have a water cycle in which water changes state?
[ "Its radius is 765 km.", "Its density is about 1.3 kg/m3.", "Its period of rotation is about 4.5 Earth days.", "Its temperature is between -174°C and -220°C." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which two factors determine the gravitational attraction between two objects?
[ "time and temperature", "shape and orbital speed", "color and hardness", "mass and distance apart" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
When a red bull (RR) is bred with a white cow (WW), a roan calf (RW) is sometimes produced. If a roan bull (RW) is bred with a roan cow (RW), what is the most likely outcome of the offspring?
[ "1 red, 1 white, and 2 roan", "0 red, 1 white, and 3 roan", "2 red, 2 white, and 0 roan", "0 red, 0 white, and 4 roan" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which adaptive feature most helps a baby jaguar survive the first few weeks of life?
[ "the ability to roar", "the ability to hunt", "a diet of land mammals", "being born during spring months" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Frank needs to move a box by sliding it across the floor. Which two factors will most strongly affect how hard Frank needs to push the box?
[ "The density of the box material and the hardness of the floor", "The thickness of the box material and the hardness of the floor", "The total mass of the box and the friction between the box and the floor", "The total height of the box and the distance between his hands and the floor" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
An ocean, a forest, and a grassy meadow are each examples of a complete ecosystem. Complete ecosystems contain only
[ "animals.", "rocks and water.", "living and nonliving things.", "populations of plants and animals." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The Great Basin in Nevada is characterized by uplifted, tilted blocks forming mountain ranges and downthrown blocks forming basins. What rock type is MOST likely to form in the basins?
[ "metamorphic", "sedimentary", "intrusive igneous", "extrusive igneous" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
As the human population increases, more fossil fuels are being used. The burning of fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases. How might humans reduce greenhouse gases?
[ "Buy cars that use gasoline.", "Build power plants that use coal.", "Use renewable resources to generate power.", "Use nonrenewable resources to generate power." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which situation would most likely cause an object to travel in a circular motion?
[ "one force acting on the object in the opposite direction of the motion", "two forces acting on the object in the same direction as the motion", "one force acting on the object perpendicular to the direction of the motion", "two forces acting on the object in different directions to the motion" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following does not give an example of how sparrows use resources in their environment to survive?
[ "Sparrows breathe air.", "Sparrows drink water.", "Sparrows use the sun for food.", "Sparrows use plants for shelter." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Henry and Emily are building a tree house. Which tool should be used to measure the height of the door?
[ "hammer", "meter stick", "balance", "stopwatch" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Windy, cloudy, rainy, and cold are words that help describe
[ "evaporation", "deposition", "matter", "weather" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
All these statements concerning galaxies are accurate except
[ "They contain millions of stars.", "Most can be seen without a telescope.", "They are millions of light-years apart.", "Space contains several billion galaxies." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas combine to form water. Which would be a more concise way of expressing what happens in this chemical reaction?
[ "write a chemical formula", "write a chemical equation", "describe the rearrangement of the atoms", "describe the procedure for creating this change" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What safety equipment should be taken on all field trips?
[ "gloves", "fire extinguisher", "first-aid kit", "goggles" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The surface gravity of Pluto is the weakest of the nine planets because Pluto
[ "has the lowest temperature.", "has the smallest mass.", "rotates the slowest.", "is farthest from the Sun." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
If a class wants to measure the speed of a bicycle during an outdoor lab exercise, which two devices would be most useful?
[ "stopwatch and camera", "binoculars and tape measure", "binoculars and camera", "stopwatch and tape measure" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
When sunlight shines on a plant, its leaves
[ "make food.", "absorb water.", "produce seeds.", "take in oxygen." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Toads lay their eggs in ponds. Tadpoles hatch from the eggs and eat the plants floating in the pond. Which resource is most important for toads to survive?
[ "grass", "rocks", "trees", "water" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which structure surrounds and protects an animal cell?
[ "Nucleus", "Vacuole", "Cytoplasm", "Cell membrane" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A ball is thrown straight up. Which statement best describes the motion of the ball while the ball is at the maximum height?
[ "The speed and acceleration are constant.", "The velocity is zero, and the acceleration is constant.", "The speed and acceleration are changing.", "The velocity is zero, and the acceleration is changing." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which organ is most responsible for oxygen entering the blood stream?
[ "nose", "trachea", "bronchi", "lungs" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Why is a healthy diet important?
[ "It maintains a constant body temperature.", "It prevents damage to internal organs.", "It makes oxygen for all the cells in the body.", "It supplies the body’s needs for growth and energy." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In the human body, the breaking down of food into simple substances occurs in the
[ "digestive system.", "excretory system.", "circulatory system.", "respiratory system." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following processes is an important part of star formation?
[ "nuclear fusion", "nuclear fission", "molecular fusion", "molecular fission" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Carlos puts a new battery into a radio. What does the battery supply to the radio that makes it turn on?
[ "friction", "electricity", "a sound wave", "a magnetic field" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What may form as a direct result of a star collapsing?
[ "constellation", "galaxy", "protostar", "supernova" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A shoe manufacturer randomly selects 10% of the production from each shift. Each of these shoes is checked to ensure that it is correctly made. What is this process called?
[ "quality control", "product distribution", "production selection", "research and development" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Some materials are electrical conductors. Which material best conducts electricity?
[ "copper", "plastic", "rubber", "wood" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Angela wants to report daily weather conditions. In which unit should Angela record the air temperature?
[ "degrees Celsius", "centimeters", "milliliters", "grams" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which organisms use the energy from the remains of dead animals and recycle the nutrients back into the environment?
[ "producers", "herbivores", "omnivores", "decomposers" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy