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After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?
[ "His body had more kinetic energy than the water.", "Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.", "The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.", "The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What is the relationship between tissues and organs?
[ "Organs are made from one type of tissue.", "Tissues are made from one type of organ.", "Tissues are made from different types of organs.", "Organs are made from different types of tissues." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What will be the most likely result for some species of animals with the continued burning of rain forests in Africa?
[ "soil erosion", "destruction of their habitats", "improved nutrients in the soil", "more grasses as a result of burning" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?
[ "Earthworm tunnels bring heat into the soil that warms plant roots.", "Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow", "Earthworm tunnels allow sunlight to reach the plant roots in the soil.", "Earthworm tunnels create places where insects can hide and protect plant roots." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?
[ "Meter stick and graduated cylinder", "Stopwatch and meter stick", "Balance and metric ruler", "Balance and stopwatch" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which tool would a student use to measure wind speed?
[ "compass", "barometer", "anemometer", "weather vane" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Why would explorers use a compass when traveling to unknown lands?
[ "to locate a direction to travel", "to measure the quality of drinking water", "to protect themselves from wild animals", "to determine levels of humanity in tropical areas" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which measurement tool is used to find the volume of a small piece of granite?
[ "thermometer", "metric ruler", "graduated cylinder", "triple beam balance" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?
[ "mechanical", "magnetic", "sound", "heat" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which characteristic is most beneficial for an animal living on a snowy mountain?
[ "thick fur", "dark spots", "moist skin", "webbed feet" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?
[ "It feels like a rock.", "It smells like a lemon.", "It is colorless.", "It is hard." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which rapid changes can be caused by storms?
[ "landslides and flooding", "flooding and earthquakes", "landslides and volcanoes", "volcanoes and earthquakes" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which is an example of a chemical reaction?
[ "nails rusting", "glass melting", "sugar dissolving", "alcohol vaporizing" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which unit of measurement can be used to describe the length of a desk?
[ "centimeters", "grams", "liters", "degrees Celsius" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The incompleteness of the fossil record results primarily from which phenomenon?
[ "the frequency and irregular timing of organism speciations", "the metamorphosis of most sedimentary rock by heat and pressure", "the geologically rapid cycling of crust material back into the mantle", "the rarity with which organic remains are exposed to fossil-forming conditions" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student conducts an investigation. In order to make a valid conclusion, she must
[ "have a testable hypothesis.", "place the data in a graph.", "use the best technology.", "test multiple variables." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The bonding of oxygen to red blood cells is important to the body because it enables the body to
[ "absorb nutrients from food.", "make energy from light.", "maintain a constant temperature.", "perform aerobic respiration in cells." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Some of Earth's water is stored underground in porous rock formations known as aquifers. Which of these could use up groundwater in aquifers?
[ "abundant rain in the Ozarks", "excessive pumping from wells", "dams on the lower Mississippi", "community water conservation" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
All plants and animals have mechanisms that
[ "transport nutrients", "perform photosynthesis", "regulate nerves", "produce flowers" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?
[ "a meter stick", "a compass", "a protractor", "a spring scale" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
All living organisms are dependent on plants because plants
[ "produce carbon dioxide", "remove oxygen from the air", "are producers", "are consumers" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Compared to other stars in our galaxy, which is the best description of our Sun?
[ "larger size, higher temperature", "smaller size, higher temperature", "larger size, average temperature", "average size, average temperature" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
While studying the relationship between number of trees and amount of atmospheric oxygen, which of the following would be most important to take into account?
[ "contributions to atmospheric oxygen from sources other than trees", "the ways in which industrialized nations use trees", "the root area of trees", "the bark mass of trees" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student is working on a science project display for the school science fair. To best communicate why her conclusions are valid, what should be included on the display?
[ "a list of authoritative sources that supports her conclusion", "instructions for viewers to repeat her procedures", "clearly illustrated diagrams of the scientific principles involved", "a complete write-up of her experimental method and data collected" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following describes asexual reproduction?
[ "the process of meiosis in a fruit fly", "fertilization of a chicken egg", "binary fission in an amoeba", "the process of embryo development in a mouse" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which scientist is known for his genetics experiments with pea plants?
[ "Charles Darwin", "Gregor Mendel", "Carolus Linnaeus", "Robert Hooke" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
On a cold, cloudy day, the local weather forecaster predicts that a high-pressure system will be moving into the area in the next 24 hours. Which weather conditions will this system most likely bring to the area?
[ "stormy", "sunny", "snowy", "hot" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What determines if twins are identical?
[ "their genes", "their behavior", "their environment", "their personalities" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of these processes is a conversion made by solar panels?
[ "mechanical energy to nuclear energy", "thermal energy to chemical energy", "kinetic energy to potential energy", "radiant energy to electrical energy" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In fruit flies, red eyes are dominant over sepia eyes. A male with red eyes is crossed with a female with sepia eyes producing first generation offspring that all had sepia eyes. What does this indicate about the flies that were crossed?
[ "Both parents are homozygous for the trait.", "Both parents are heterozygous for the trait.", "The male is heterozygous and the female is homozygous recessive for the trait.", "The male is homozygous dominant and the female is heterozygous for the trait." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Acid rain caused by industrial pollution greatly reduces the number of trees in a forested region that is home to a particular species of bird. How might this decrease in the number of trees most likely affect this bird population?
[ "The population will adapt to ground dwelling.", "The population will decrease due to lack of resources.", "The population will stabilize when it moves to another region.", "The population will increase as predators move out of the region." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of these is the main function of a cell wall?
[ "To make food", "To store water", "To provide support", "To make the plant green" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which sentence about the periodic table of elements is true?
[ "All elements in period 2 are metals.", "All elements in group 18 are metals.", "Metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.", "Metals are found on the right side of the periodic table." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Salt concentration, water temperature, plankton, and the whale shark might all be used in a description of an ocean
[ "climate.", "food web.", "ecosystem.", "population." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Rocks can be classified many different ways, including as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. This classification is based on the
[ "origin of the rocks.", "use of the rocks.", "size of the rocks.", "hardness of the rocks." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A mountain range has hills around its edges. How are the mountains and hills alike?
[ "Both have grass at the top.", "Both are at least 1000 meters tall.", "Both have liquid rock at their centers.", "Both are taller than the land around them." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Human muscle cells need nutrients and oxygen during exercise. The human body is able to meet the needs of the muscle cells during exercise by increasing
[ "digestion.", "excretion.", "secretion.", "circulation." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Phyllis investigated what happened when she added some different substances to water. Which substance can combine with water to form a solution?
[ "oil", "rocks", "soil", "sugar" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Fossil fuels are considered a nonrenewable resource because they
[ "have turned into solid rock.", "take a long period of time to form.", "are expensive to remove from rock.", "are located deep within the Earth's crust." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student is growing some plants for an experiment. She notices small white spots on the leaves. Which tool should she use to get a better look at the spots?
[ "thermometer", "hand lens", "graduated cylinder", "balance" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Why are seals able to live off the coast of Antarctica while frogs, snakes, and panthers are not?
[ "Seals can swim.", "Seals are predators.", "Seals have fur and blubber.", "Seals are warm-blooded animals." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?
[ "Both are a source of energy.", "Both are replicated during meiosis.", "Both lower the activation energy of reactions.", "Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Traveling in opposite directions, buses A and B are passing each other at the relative speed of 25 km/h, while a passenger on bus A walks toward the back of the bus at the speed of 5 km/h. What is the velocity of the passenger on bus A relative to bus B?
[ "20 km/h in the direction of bus A", "20 km/h in the direction of bus B", "30 km/h in the direction of bus A", "30 km/h in the direction of bus B" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A student drops a ball. Which force causes the ball to fall to the ground?
[ "electricity", "friction", "gravity", "magnetism" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Hydrogen is located on the left side of the periodic table in the same column as the alkali metals, but it has characteristics of a nonmetal. Which of the following is a physical property of hydrogen?
[ "Hydrogen can bond to itself.", "Hydrogen makes positive ions.", "Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature.", "Hydrogen is combustible." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In an experiment, a scientist named Pavlov rang a bell before he fed his dogs, which made the dogs drool. Soon the dogs would drool when they heard the bell, even if they did not receive any food. What type of response did the dogs exhibit?
[ "an instinct", "an inherited trait", "a learned behavior", "a conscious behavior" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which invention will best help people travel quickly to far away places?
[ "car", "boat", "airplane", "skateboard" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What is an environmental threat posed by oil and gas acquisition and transport that is not posed by the acquisition and transport of the energy resources uranium, and wood?
[ "habitat change", "vehicle pollution", "pipeline leaks", "soil compaction and loss" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Some plant species are more tolerant of acidic soil than others. The tolerant species are favored in areas affected by which consequence of human activity?
[ "mixing of pollutants with rain", "erosion of topsoil by clearcutting", "runoff of fertilizer used in farming", "thinning of the atmospheric ozone layer" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which resource has the most potential for production of renewable electric energy?
[ "coal", "oil", "natural gas", "geothermal" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A layer of solid brittle rock comprises the outer 100 kilometers of Earth. This layer, which contains both the crust and the upper mantle, is called the
[ "core.", "sediment.", "lithosphere.", "hemisphere." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
During its lifetime, which object is known to change in brightness, color, and temperature?
[ "star", "moon", "asteroid", "planet" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What causes a free falling object to accelerate?
[ "inertia", "gravity", "initial speed", "initial direction" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What is the main source of energy that drives all weather patterns?
[ "the Sun", "oceans", "the Moon", "mountains" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What is one factor that contributes to seasons occurring in New York State?
[ "the revolution of the Moon around Earth", "the tilt of Earth on its axis", "the rising and falling of ocean tides", "the distance of Earth from the Sun" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which cell part is correctly paired with its function?
[ "nucleus-controls cell activities", "chloroplast-outside boundary of plant cells", "cell wall-controls what goes in and out of cells", "cell membrane-where photosynthesis takes place" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A meeting of scientists, called a symposium, occurs every year to share recent research about the atmosphere of Earth. This symposium mainly serves which purpose in science?
[ "to test research methods used by other scientists", "to develop questions about space research", "to discuss the meaning of new discoveries", "to explain gas properties to the general public" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A wind turbine primarily uses which type of energy?
[ "nuclear", "thermal", "chemical", "mechanical" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A rubber band will make a sound when it is
[ "vibrated.", "stretched.", "cut into pieces.", "shot across a room." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What would a warm air mass over the ocean most likely cause?
[ "earthquake", "snowfall", "tsunami", "rainfall" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The Moon is visible to observers on Earth because of
[ "reflected sunlight", "absorbed light from Earth's atmosphere", "gases in the Moon's interior", "volcanic eruptions on the Moon's surface" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which illness is always caused by an infection?
[ "a heart attack", "a broken bone", "influenza", "cancer" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Jonny climbed an apple tree. How are Jonny and the apple tree similar to each other?
[ "Both are made of cells.", "Both take in carbon dioxide.", "Both get nutrients directly from soil.", "Both get energy from other organisms." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What are the names of the products in the chemical equation shown below? HCl + NaHCO_{3} -> NaCl + CO_{2} + H_{2}O
[ "hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate", "sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water", "hydrogen chloride and sodium bicarbonate", "sodium chloride, carbon monoxide, and dihydrogen oxide" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A ball is tossed up in the air and it comes back down. The ball comes back down because of
[ "gravity", "friction", "erosion", "magnetism" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Timber companies can best manage the number of trees in forests by
[ "converting deforested areas into malls.", "planting trees to replace what they cut down.", "adding pesticides to the soil around the trees.", "removing the tree stumps when trees are cut down." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The formation of the Himalayan Mountains is one example of land features caused by compressive forces. Which action most likely led to the formation of these mountains?
[ "seafloor spreading", "strike-slip faulting", "colliding plates", "hot spots" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What abiotic factor would most likely signal a population of birds that it is time to migrate from north to south?
[ "decrease in sunlight", "change in precipitation", "increase in food source", "change in wind direction" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A greenhouse is used as a model of the atmosphere. Which of the following cannot be demonstrated by the model?
[ "energy used to evaporate water", "changes in greenhouse gases", "light energy trapped as heat energy", "energy that builds up in the greenhouse air" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A light bulb manufacturer claims its light bulb is "twice as bright" per unit of electrical energy consumed as the leading light bulb. If this claim is correct, what factor must be accurately compared between the two bulbs?
[ "how much each bulb weighs", "how long each bulb lasts", "how much heat each bulb releases", "how much metal each bulb contains" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In the 17th century, Gregor Mendel crossed pea plants with different traits and observed the results in their offspring. To which of these did Mendel contribute most directly with his work?
[ "medicine", "agriculture", "science of force and motion", "science of heredity and variation" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
How does the appearance of a constellation change during the night?
[ "Its shape appears to become longer.", "Its position appears to shift relative to the horizon.", "Its brightest stars begin to appear orange.", "Its distance to the North Star decreases." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The freezing and thawing action of water affects a rock by
[ "transforming the rock into igneous rock.", "chemically changing the rock.", "gradually breaking down the rock into smaller pieces.", "leaving behind sedimentary particles from evaporated solutions." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Delilah put a container of water in the freezer and left it there overnight. The next morning she saw that the water in the container had changed to ice. Which of the following statements best explains why the water changed to ice?
[ "The water gained energy.", "The water absorbed light.", "Mass was released from the water.", "Heat was taken away from the water." ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Earth's rotation (turning on its axis) causes
[ "the seasons to change.", "the Moon to appear as different shapes.", "day and night.", "solar eclipses." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following climates has cold winters and hot summers?
[ "polar", "subtropical", "temperate", "tropical" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
What form of energy is being used when a person pushes a wooden block across the floor?
[ "mechanical", "magnetic", "sound", "electrical" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which action is an example of good water management?
[ "letting faucets drip", "watering the grass every day", "turning off the faucet when brushing teeth", "running the dishwasher when it is not full" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
An Earth year is the length of time it takes for
[ "Earth to rotate once on its axis", "the Moon to revolve once around Earth", "the Sun to revolve once around Earth", "Earth to revolve once around the Sun" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which land form results when carbonic acid in groundwater seeps through rock and dissolves limestone?
[ "valleys", "ravines", "caverns", "mountains" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which part of a DNA molecule represents encoded information?
[ "phosphate", "sugar", "guanine", "hydrogen bond" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Early scientists most likely saw a discharge of electricity for the first time when observing a
[ "waterfall", "rainbow", "lightning storm", "volcano erupting" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
In humans, the amount of sugar in blood is controlled by the release of a hormone called insulin. This process is an example of
[ "depletion", "digestion", "regulation", "excretion" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
It is necessary to add a day to the calendar every four years because
[ "the axis of Earth is tilted.", "the gravitational pull of the Sun affects Earth's revolution.", "the revolution of Earth is not exactly 365 days.", "the Moon crosses the orbit of the Sun every 28 days." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which tool would be best to measure the length of a butterfly?
[ "triple beam balance", "graduated cylinder", "metric ruler", "thermometer" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Scientists invented a liquid that removes grease and keeps the skin soft. How could this discovery most likely be used?
[ "to improve dish soap", "to cure a disease", "to make clothes", "to grow plants" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The first step in the water cycle is evaporation. What gives water the energy to evaporate?
[ "Sun", "wind", "clouds", "waves" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
On a warm sunny afternoon, ocean water splashed onto a rock. A short time later, the rock was dry. Which statement best explains what happened to the water on the rock?
[ "Heat caused the water to become a gas.", "Heat melted the water and it disappeared.", "Salt caused the water to become a gas.", "Salt melted the water and it disappeared." ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which is a nonrenewable natural resource that is used to make electrical energy?
[ "coal", "wind", "water", "thermal" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which process initiates the passage of half of a parent's DNA to offspring?
[ "meiosis", "mitosis", "fertilization", "differentiation" ]
A
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which resource provides the minerals plants need to grow?
[ "sunlight", "water", "soil", "air" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
At what time on a sunny day will the shadow of the school's flagpole be the shortest?
[ "sunrise", "noon", "mid-afternoon", "sunset" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Animals get energy for growth and repair from
[ "soil", "food", "water", "air" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A flower produces seeds that fall to the ground and grow into new plants that produce more flowers. The seeds begin to grow by the process of
[ "fertilization.", "germination.", "maturation.", "pollination." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A rock has most likely traveled a long distance from its place of origin if it is
[ "very small.", "rounded and smooth.", "partially faded.", "rough and dense." ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Which of the following best explains why the tectonic plates of Earth move?
[ "conduction from solar heating", "heat convection from the mantle", "global winds", "ocean currents" ]
B
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
Over a long period of time, a rocky volcanic island that previously did not support any form of life got transformed into a dense forested region. Which of these species is most likely to have been the pioneer species that initiated this transformation?
[ "ferns", "grasses", "lichens", "mushrooms" ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
The formation of coal deposits occurred over millions of years. Which feature was most responsible for these deposits?
[ "barren deserts", "active volcanoes", "mountains covered in trees", "swamps with dense vegetation" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
A teacher is performing a demonstration about static electricity for his class by rubbing a balloon against a wool sweater. The balloon sticks to the wool sweater. Which particles are exchanged during the demonstration?
[ "atoms", "protons", "neutrons", "electrons" ]
D
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy
After a race, a newspaper lists the names of the five fastest runners. Another method that could be used to identify the five fastest runners is to make a chart that shows the
[ "average of the speeds of the runners.", "total distance for each runner.", "time it took each runner to run the race.", "percentage of the runners who finished the race." ]
C
train
null
ai2_arc_ARC-Easy