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3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_3_Part_2_Circular_points_and_Absolute_conic.txt
so one of the use of the dual of the circular points denoted by c infinity star is to make use of it to compute the angles between any two lines on a projective plane and but before we look at how to do this in the projective plane let's refresh our memory on how to compute the angle between two lines uh suppose that i...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_5_Part_1_Camera_models_and_calibration.txt
hello everyone welcome to the lectron 3d computer vision and today we are going to talk about camera models and calibration hopefully by the end of today's lecture you will be able to describe the camera projection with the pinhole camera model and you'll be able to identify the camera center principle plane's principl...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_10_Part_2_StructurefromMotion_SfM_and_bundle_adjustment.txt
so after having computed the scene graph the next thing to do in large scale 3d reconstruction would be the structure for motion to get the sparse 3d reconstruction in general there are three paradigms of structure from motion the incremental structure for motion global structure for motion as well as the hierarchical ...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_2_Part_2_Rigid_body_motion_and_3D_projective_geometry.txt
so now let us look at the projective geometry and transformation in the 3d space after we have looked at the se3 transformation for rigid body motions and many properties of the entities in the projective three space are actually straightforward generalization of those in the projective 2d space an example here is that...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_6_Part_1_Single_view_metrology.txt
hello everyone welcome to the lecture on 3d computer vision and today we are going to talk about single view metrology hopefully by the end of today's lecture you'll be able to describe the action of camera projection on planes lines conics as well as quadric and you will be able to explain the respective effects of fi...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_11_Part_2_Twoview_and_multiview_stereo.txt
so now let's look at the derivation of the homography that will do stereo ratification to the pair of images we'll consider this by looking at the 3d point denoted as capital p which call and this 3d point corresponds to small p and p prime in the image coordinates of the respective left and right images we further den...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_8_Part_1_Absolute_pose_estimation_from_points_or_lines.txt
hello everyone welcome to the lecture on 3d computer vision and today we are going to talk about absolute post estimation from points or lines hopefully by the end of today's lecture you'll be able to define the perspective endpoint or otherwise known as the pmp camera post estimation problem we'll look at how to estim...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_12_Part_3_Generalized_cameras.txt
now after looking at the two view geometry for generalized camera let's proceed on to look at the absolute post estimation problem of a generalized camera suppose that we are given three sets of 2d to 3d correspondences which we denote at capital x1 x2 and x3 for the 3d point that are defined in the world reference fra...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_3_Part_3_Circular_points_and_Absolute_conic.txt
now let us look at the definition of a plane at infinity and it has a canonical position of pi represented by pi infinity equals to 0 0 0 1 here so we can see that this is a direct extension of the line at infinity which is on the 2d projective space which is given by 0 0 1 transpose and this is in the p2 space that we...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_11_Part_3_Twoview_and_multiview_stereo.txt
so the joint probability between two random variables x and y can be computed using the parson window method in this case uh in our context where we're comparing two patches of f and g what this simply means is the joint probability over the two random variables denoted by x that represents the vector of f and y that d...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_1_Part_1_2D_and_1D_projective_geometry.txt
hello everyone welcome to lecture 1 of 3d computer vision and today i'm going to talk about 2d and 1d projective geometry hopefully by the end of today's lecture you'll be able to explain the difference between euclidean and projective geometry in particular we'll look at the familiar cartesian 2d coordinates to descri...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_9_Part_3_Threeview_geometry_from_points_andor_lines.txt
so now let's look at several algebraic properties of the respective ti matrix in the trifocal tensor this would be evident that each of this three by three ti matrix has a rank of two this is because we've seen earlier on that the ti matrix it's made up of the sum of two outer products and in the earlier lecture we sai...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_7_Part_4_The_fundamental_and_essential_matrices.txt
so so far we have seen that given the point correspondences between two views how we can recover the fundamental matrix f in an uncalibrated setting and we have seen that by recovering f which is the fundamental matrix we can decompose it into a pair of camera projection matrices denoted by p and p prime respectively a...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_7_Part_2_The_fundamental_and_essential_matrices.txt
now so far we look at how the fundamental matrix can be used to transfer a point which we call x in one view onto a line which is the epipolar line denoted by l prime in on the other view this relation here is simply given by l prime equals to f multiplied by x and we have also seen how the fundamental matrix can be us...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_11_Part_1_Twoview_and_multiview_stereo.txt
hello everyone welcome to the lecture on 3d computer vision and today we are going to talk about tool view and multi-view stereo hopefully by the end of today's lecture you will be able to do stereo ratification and correspondence search along the scan lines to get the disparity map in the to view stereo and then we'll...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_7_Part_3_The_fundamental_and_essential_matrices.txt
now let's look at the proof of the lemma given two pairs of camera projection matrix which we denote as p p prime and p tilde and p theta prime they have the same fundamental matrix which is essentially given by the first cross product here a cross with capital a and this is also equals to a tilde cross product with ca...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_6_Part_3_Single_view_metrology.txt
so now let's look at how the calibration can be done we assign a frame on the 3d image pattern or which is a square and we'll simply call this 0 0 and if this is the x axis we'll call this 1 0 and zero one and one one over here so we will simply assign a set of coordinates on the 3d imaging device up to scale notice th...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_10_Part_1_StructurefromMotion_SfM_and_bundle_adjustment.txt
hello everyone welcome to the lecture on 3d computer vision and today we are going to talk about structure from motion and bundle adjustment hopefully by the end of today's lecture you'll be able to describe the pipeline of large-scale 3d reconstruction it consists of three parts namely the data association structure f...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_10_Part_3_StructurefromMotion_SfM_and_bundle_adjustment.txt
so after obtaining the 3d structures as well as the camera poses from the initial reconstruction as mentioned in the earlier slide the next thing to do would be to apply bundle adjustment on these estimates to obtain a better 3d reconstruction more specifically we achieved this by minimizing the total reprojection erro...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_4_Part_2_Robust_homography_estimation.txt
now we have seen that the direct linear transformation algorithm it minimizes the norm of ah where we can rewrite ah to be equals to epsilon and we will call this epsilon here the residual vector hence the direct linear transformation algorithm aims to minimize the residual vector and each point correspondence here x i...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_3D_Point_Cloud_Processing.txt
okay shall we start how's everybody doing okay and today we are going to ask promise uh I'm going to talk about 3D Point Cloud processing and we are almost reaching the end of the semester so next week would be the last uh lecture where I'm going to today I'm going to talk about 3D Point Cloud processing and next week ...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_7_Part_1_The_fundamental_and_essential_matrices.txt
hello everyone welcome to the lecture on 3d computer vision and today we are going to look at the fundamental and essential matrices and hopefully by the end of today's lecture you will be able to describe the epipolar geometry between two views and estimate the fundamental or the essential matrix with eight point corr...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Neural_Field_Representations.txt
hello everyone how's everybody doing okay so today we will talk about uh the neural Fields representation it's going to be our last lecture of the semester so hopefully the end of today's lecture you will be able to appreciate what newer Radiance view is and the concept of volume rendering I also talk about the limitat...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_5_Part_2_Camera_models_and_calibration.txt
now let's look at the action of the projective camera on points we'll first consider forward projection and this is just a simple mapping as what we have seen earlier on given a point in 3d space that we represent by capital x over here the the action by the projective camera it's simply the multiplication of the proje...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_5_Part_3_Camera_models_and_calibration.txt
so now finally let's re-look at the projective camera projection matrix that we have seen earlier on that there are altogether 11 degrees of freedom in the projection camera projection matrix which is given by the k with 5 degrees of freedom from the intrinsics this is the intrinsics and then another 3 plus 3 equals to...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_2_Part_1_Rigid_body_motion_and_3D_projective_geometry.txt
hello everyone welcome to the lecture on 3d computer vision and today we are going to talk about rigid body motion and 3d projective geometry hopefully by the end of today's lecture you'll be able to explain the concepts of the special euclidean three group and use it to describe rigid body motions in the 3d space we a...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_8_Part_3_Absolute_pose_estimation_from_points_or_lines.txt
so we saw that the three-point correspondences are needed to solve the camera pose estimation problem in the grenade formulation and although it uses a minimal set of three-point correspondences the disadvantage of this particular formulation is that it ends up with a four degree polynomial which means that it could gi...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_12_Part_2_Generalized_cameras.txt
so unfortunately linear 17-point algorithm that we've seen we will not work for any configurations of the general camera we'll look at the degenerate cases under three configuration in particular the locally central projection axial cameras and the locally central and axial camera configuration now we'll follow the not...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_6_Part_2_Single_view_metrology.txt
so now let's look at two applications of the camera under pure rotation the first application that we are going to look at would be to generate what we call the synthetic views suppose that we are given a source image of a corridor and we know that this corridor contains of multiple planes for example the floor plane t...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_10_Part_4_StructurefromMotion_SfM_and_bundle_adjustment.txt
so if we were to naively make use of the lovable algorithm we will find ourselves quickly running into a cubic complexity at every iteration since we are going to solve for the normal equation given by j transpose j delta equals to minus j transpose epsilon over here and this we have seen that this is equivalent to uh ...
3D_Computer_Vision_National_University_of_Singapore
3D_Computer_Vision_Lecture_9_Part_2_Threeview_geometry_from_points_andor_lines.txt
so after defining the trifocal tensor from the incidence relations of three views we'll now move on to see that a fundamental geometric property that is encoded in the trifocal tensor is the homography between the first and the third view or any of the two views that is induced by the line the back projection of the li...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_5_GDA_Naive_Bayes_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018.txt
Hey, morning everyone. Welcome back. Um, so last week you heard about uh, logistic regression and um, uh, generalized linear models. And it turns out all of the learning algorithms we've been learning about so far are called discriminative learning algorithms, which is one big bucket of learning algorithms. And today u...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_12_Backprop_Improving_Neural_Networks_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Hi everyone. [NOISE] Welcome, welcome to the second lecture on deep learning for CS229. So a quick announcement before we start. There is a Piazza post Number 695 which is the mid-quarter survey for CS229, so fill it in when you have time. Okay. So let's get back to deep learning. So last week together we've seen, uh, ...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_17_MDPs_ValuePolicy_Iteration_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Andrew_Ng_Autumn2018.txt
Welcome back, everyone. I hope you had a good Thanksgiving. Um, I actually didn't ask, I'm not sure why this chair is here. All right. Let's get rid of this. Um, by the way, not sure- um, thanks, Anand. I'm not sure if you guys are following the news, but in, in reinforcement learning, we chat a lot about robotics, rig...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_16_Independent_Component_Analysis_RL_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Hey everyone. Um, let's get started. So, um, let's see, the plan for the [NOISE] day is, uh, we'll go over the rest of ICA, independent component analysis. In particular, talking about CDFs, cumulative distribution functions [NOISE]. And then, um, actually, uh, let's do that later. [NOISE]. All right. So the plan is we...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_15_EM_Algorithm_Factor_Analysis_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Andrew_Ng_Autumn2018.txt
All right. Hi everyone, welcome back. Um, so what we'll see today is, um, additional, uh, elaborations on the EM, um, on the expectation maximization algorithm. And so, um, what you see today is, um, go over, you know, quick recap of what we talked about EM on Monday, and then describe how you can monitor if EM is conv...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Course_Lecture_1_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018.txt
Welcome to CS229 Machine Learning. Uh, some of you know that this class has been taught at Stanford for a long time. And this is often the course that, um, I most look forward to teaching each year because this is where we've helped I think, several generations of Stanford students become experts in machine learning, g...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_13_Debugging_ML_Models_and_Error_Analysis_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Okay. Happy Halloween. Um, what I want to do today is share with you advice for applying machine learning. And, and you've heard me allude to this before, but, um, uh, yeah, I think over the last several weeks, you've learned a lot about the mechanics of how to build different learning algorithms. Everything from linea...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_4_Perceptron_Generalized_Linear_Model_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Couple of announcements, uh, before we get started. So, uh, first of all, PS1 is out. Uh, problem set 1, um, it is due on the 17th. That's two weeks from today. You have, um, exactly two weeks to work on it. You can take up to, um, two or three late days. I think you can take up to, uh, three late days, um. There is, u...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_19_Reward_Model_Linear_Dynamical_System_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Okay, hey everyone. So welcome to the final week of the class. Uh, what I wanna do today, is share with you a few generalizations of, um, reinforcement learning and of MDPs. So you've learned about the basic MDP formulas of state action, state transition probability, discount factor and rewards. Um, the first thing you...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_9_ApproxEstimation_Error_ERM_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Okay. Welcome everyone. So, um, today we'll be going over learning theory. Um, this is, um, this used to be taught in the main lectures in- and in previous offerings. Ah, this year we're gonna cover it as, ah, as a Friday section. Um, however, some of the concepts here are, ah, we gonna be covering today are- are, um, ...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_11_Introduction_to_Neural_Networks_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Hello everyone. Uh, welcome to CS229. Um, today we're going to talk about, um, deep learning and neural networks. Um, we're going to have two lectures on that, one today and a little bit more of it on, ah, Monday. Um, don't hesitate to ask questions during the lecture. Ah, so stop me if you don't understand something a...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_10_Decision_Trees_and_Ensemble_Methods_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Hello everyone. Uh, so my name is Raphael Townshend. I'm one of the head TAs for this class. This week Andrew is traveling and my advisor is still dealing with medical issues. So I'm going to be giving today's lecture. Um, you heard from my wonderful co-head TA Anand a couple of weeks ago. And so today, we're gonna be ...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Linear_Regression_and_Gradient_Descent_Lecture_2_Autumn_2018.txt
Morning and welcome back. So what we'll see today in class is the first in-depth discussion of a learning algorithm, linear regression, and in particular, over the next, what, hour and a bit you'll see linear regression, batch and stochastic gradient descent is an algorithm for fitting linear regression models, and the...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_8_Data_Splits_Models_CrossValidation_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
Hey guys. Um, let's get started. So over the last several weeks, you've learned a lot about many different learning algorithms from linear regression, to logistic regression, to generalizing models, generative algorithms like GDA and Naive Bayes to most recently support-vector machines. Um, what I'd like to do today is...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
RL_Debugging_and_Diagnostics_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Andrew_Ng_Lecture_20_Autumn_2018.txt
All right. Hey, everyone, actually started a little bit late. So welcome to the, uh, final lecture of, uh, CS229 of this quarter or I guess, uh, to the home viewers, welcome to the season finale. So what I'd like to do today is, um, wrap up our discussion on reinforcement learning and then, um, and then we'll conclude ...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_18_Continous_State_MDP_Model_Simulation_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
All right. Hey, everyone. Welcome back. Um, so let's continue our discussion today of reinforcement learning and MDPs. And specifically, what I hope you learned from today is how to apply reinforcement learning, um, even to continuous state or infinite state MDPs. Um, so we'll talk about discretization, model-based RL,...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_7_Kernels_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018.txt
All right. Good morning. Um, let's get started. So, ah, today you'll see the Support Vector Machine Algorithm. Um, and this is one of my favorite algorithms because it's very turnkey, right? If you have a classification problem, um, you just, kind of, run it and it more or less works. So in particular, I'll talk a bit ...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_14_ExpectationMaximization_Algorithms_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Autumn_2018.txt
All right. [NOISE] Um, let's get started. So, um, let's see, logistical reminder, uh the class midterm, um, is this Wednesday and it's 48-hour take-home midterm. Um, and the logistical details you can find, uh, at this Piazza post, okay? So the midterm will start Wednesday evening. You have 48 hours to do it and then s...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Locally_Weighted_Logistic_Regression_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Lecture_3_Autumn_2018.txt
What I'd like to do today is continue our discussion of supervised learning. So last Wednesday, you saw the linear regression algorithm, uh, including both gradient descent, how to formulate the problem, then gradient descent, and then the normal equations. What I'd like to do today is, um, talk about locally weighted ...
Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Full_Course_taught_by_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018
Lecture_6_Support_Vector_Machines_Stanford_CS229_Machine_Learning_Andrew_Ng_Autumn_2018.txt
All right. Hey, everyone. Morning and welcome back. Um, so what I'd like to do today is continue our discussion of Naive Bayes and in particular, um, we've described how to use Naive Bayes in a generative learning algorithm, to build a spam classifier that will almost work, right? And, and, and so today you see how Lap...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_10_Matrices_and_Uncertainty.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: DA, thank you. It's an excellent point. You're absolutely right. So I think both statements stand. So Compton's experiments convinced even more of the community. To win the Nobel Prize then or now you have to convince three people in Stockholm, which is hard. To convince ...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_16_Secrecy_and_Security_in_the_Nuclear_Age.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: Welcome to 8.225/ STS.042. Just a quick announcement-- hopefully, you saw the message also through the Canvas course site, as well. We're going to do a similar routine for this coming week as we had done earlier this week, which is to say students' main assignment for Mon...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_25_String_Theory_and_the_Multiverse.txt
[SQUEAKING] [CLICKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: Welcome to our final class session for 8.225 STS042. Kind of hard to believe-- hard for me to believe at least. But we've made it to the end of the semester, this very strange and unusual semester. So I hope you're all doing OK. It's I know it's crunch time, ev...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_2_Faraday_Thomson_and_Maxwell_Lines_of_Force_in_the_Ether.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: OK. Welcome everyone. Welcome back to 8225, which is also STS 042, Physics in the 20th Century. Let me start by asking just quickly if there are any logistical questions, any kind of course structure or other questions like that we can try to clear up quickly. And then we...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_6_Reception_of_Special_Relativity.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: So today, we are talking about the reception of Einstein's work from 1905 on the electrodynamics of moving bodies. So we'll talk about the reception of what we have come to call the Special Theory of Relativity. So as a quick reminder, we're going to-- sorry, excuse me. T...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_9_Rethinking_Matter.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: So for today, we're going to continue this story, or this unit, of what we began thinking about together last time, a body of work, a set of ideas that came to be grouped together under this title old quantum theory. And as I mentioned last time, that only makes sense onc...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_7_A_Political_History_of_Gravity.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: Our last main lecture, at least for quite a while in this class, on our relativity subunit. And today, I want to talk about a project that I've been working on for a long time, probably since-- not since before you were born, most of you, but since many of you were probab...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_19_Counterculture_and_Physics.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: OK. So for today, it's kind of fortuitous given, again, all the sources of let's just say swirling uncertainty in the wider world. Maybe it's a lucky timing that the lecture for today is on maybe a little bit lighter material. So we can wrap up our unit on physics, and th...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Optional_Discussion_The_Day_After_Trinity.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: Welcome, everyone. This optional informal discussion for 8.225 STS.042, as hopefully you all know, we're just going to take our time, just very informally chat about really anything that's on your mind around the most recent material, but in particular things that might h...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_14_Radar_and_the_Manhattan_Project.txt
[AUDIO LOGO] DAVID KAISER: OK. Let me start. I'll share a screen, and we can start today's material. So on Monday's class, we talked a bit about some of the kinds of work that was going on, largely within Germany or at least other parts of Europe, but a lot of it right within Germany itself around topics like the disco...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_18_Coldwar_Classroom_Teaching_Quantum_Theory_in_Postwar_American_Physics.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: So today, we're really kind of making a transition in the material from the overtly war time focus we've had for a couple of classes in a row. And now we'll start moving toward the last part of the semester, asking about some implications or some effects from that very dr...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_24_The_Big_Bang_Cosmic_Inflation_and_the_Latest_Observations.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: So today, we're going to pick up where we were on the most recent classes. So in the last few class sessions, we were looking at some changes in high energy particle theory with the development of things like quantum chromodynamics and so on and ways to try to make sense ...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_4_Waves_in_the_Ether.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: OK, so today we're going to be talking about waves in the ether-- a great topic, I think. Welcome back to 8225 STS 042, Physics in the 20th Century. To Maxwell and his really quite extraordinary work from the 1860s where he unites, as we've seen a few times, really, the s...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_21_Teaching_Feynmans_Tools_The_Dispersion_of_Feynman_Diagrams_in_Postwar_Physics.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: So today we're going to continue the story that we were looking at in on Monday's class, some of these early developments after the end of the Second World War to grapple with quantum field theory, trying to piece together a quantized treatment of things like the Maxwell ...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_13_Physics_under_Hitler.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: Today we're starting this new unit for the class. So the first main unit-- we had a kind of warm-up unit of a kind of 19th-century legacy, as you probably remember. And then we spent a good chunk of time right up until the previous class session on looking at physics real...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_22_Quarks_QCD_and_the_Rise_of_the_Standard_Model.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: Today, we're now sort of in the middle of our unit of our last main unit on a kind of quarks to the cosmos, trends in high energy physics, astrophysics, and gravitation and cosmology. And so today, we'll be picking up part of the kind of threads that we were looking at be...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_8_Rethinking_Light.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: We're going to launch in today on the first part of our new kind of material, new set of material on quantum theory. So we talked a bit about the road toward relativity in the first few class sessions. We're going to pivot now and talk about this other amazing edifice of ...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_20_A_Conservative_Revolution_QED_and_Renormalization.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: With today's class, we're now transitioning into the last main kind of unit thematically for the course. And so the last main section is trying to follow one set of threads, a very set of ideas and developments weaving from the end of the Second World War toward more rece...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Optional_Discussion_Containment.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: So as I think you know, today, again, we're going to have just an informal optional discussion. You've all come. So I guess you've exercised your option. But we'll be talking today in 8225 SJS 042 about some of the themes raised by that second documentary film that hopefu...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_1_Introduction_to_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_in_the_20th_Century.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: We'll go ahead and get started. Hello, everyone. Welcome to 8225, which is also STS.042-- Physics in the 20th century. My name is David Kaiser. Today's class is going to be a little shorter than average. I just wanted to go over a kind of quick introduction for the course...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_23_The_Birth_of_Particle_Cosmology.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: So today we're going to be talking about the kind of invention or the hybridization of a whole new subfield within physics that now is often called particle cosmology. It happens to be the field where I spend a lot of my time. I think it's just fantastic. But it's actuall...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_12_Quantum_Weirdness_Schrödingers_Cat_EPR_and_Bells_Theorem.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: But if there are no immediately pressing questions on the assignments, then I will jump in. We can start talking some more about quantum weirdness. We can continue our discussion from yesterday, which was clearly insufficiently shocking for you. You were all very quantum ...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_3_Worldviews_Wranglers_and_the_Making_of_Theoretical_Physicists.txt
[SQUEAKING] [RUSTLING] [CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: Hi, everyone. Welcome back to 8225 STS 042. Any questions on, again, any kind of logistical stuff? If not, then I think we'll jump right in. So I'm going to go ahead and share screen. I'm eager to get into this next set of material together. So hopefully, you now see my s...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_5_Einstein_and_Experiment.txt
DAVID KAISER: So today, at long, long last, we meet this fella named Albert Einstein. We're going to talk a bit more about how he was approaching some of these questions in the early years of the 20th century. So as usual, today's class has three main parts. We're going to look at Einstein leading up to this year of 19...
MIT_STS042J_Einstein_Oppenheimer_Feynman_Physics_In_The_20th_Century_Fall_2020
Lecture_11_Waves_and_Probabilities.txt
[SQUEAKING, RUSTLING, CLICKING] DAVID KAISER: If there are no immediate questions, that's good. And if so, then I'll go ahead and share screen. And we'll launch into our continuing adventure with quantum theory, which is, frankly, one of my favorite adventures ever, speaking just for myself. OK, so you will hopefully r...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
13_Classical_Statistical_Mechanics_Part_2.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So we've been won...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
3_Thermodynamics_Part_3.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So what we've bee...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
4_Thermodynamics_Part_4.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: Let's start. Any ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
7_Kinetic_Theory_of_Gases_Part_1.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu PROFESSOR: So we started by t...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
23_Ideal_Quantum_Gases_Part_2.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So we've been dev...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
22_Ideal_Quantum_Gases_Part_1.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: Particles in qua...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
14_Classical_Statistical_Mechanics_Part_3.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. MEHRAN KARDAR: You decide at...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
21_Quantum_Statistical_Mechanics_Part_2.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So last lecture,...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
11_Kinetic_Theory_of_Gases_Part_5.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: OK. Let's start. ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
12_Classical_Statistical_Mechanics_Part_1.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So the question i...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
8_Kinetic_Theory_of_Gases_Part_2.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: Let's say that I ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
1_Thermodynamics_Part_1.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: This is 8.333 St...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
5_Probability_Part_1.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: We established th...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
6_Probability_Part_2.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: We'll begin this ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
19_Interacting_Particles_Part_5.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: Begin with a new...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
15_Interacting_Particles_Part_1.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: OK, let's start. ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
20_Quantum_Statistical_Mechanics_Part_1.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: OK. Let's start. ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
26_Ideal_Quantum_Gases_Part_5.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So last time we s...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
9_Kinetic_Theory_of_Gases_Part_3.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: OK. Let's start. ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
10_Kinetic_Theory_of_Gases_Part_4.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: Let's start. Are...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
24_Ideal_Quantum_Gases_Part_3.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: We looked at the ...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
16_Interacting_Particles_Part_2.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation, or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: OK, let's start....
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
2_Thermodynamics_Part_2.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So I'll briefly r...
MIT_8333_Statistical_Mechanics_I_Statistical_Mechanics_of_Particles_Fall_2013
18_Interacting_Particles_Part_4.txt
The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high quality educational resources for free. To make a donation or view additional materials from hundreds of MIT courses, visit MIT OpenCourseWare at ocw.mit.edu. PROFESSOR: So today's topic ...