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2019-01-17
Influences of interfacial oxidization on surface magnetic energy, magnetic damping and spin-orbit-torques in Pt / ferromagnet / capping structures
We investigate the effect of capping layer (CAP) on the interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy density (K_S), magnetic damping ({\alpha}), and spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in heavy-metal (Pt) / ferromagnet (Co or Py) / CAP (MgO/Ta, HfOx, or TaN). At room temperature (RT) the CAP materials influence the effective magnitude of K_S, which is associated with a formation of interfacial magnetic oxides. The dynamical dissipation parameters of Co are considerably influenced by the CAP (especially MgO) while those of Py are not. This is possibly due to an extra magnetic damping via spin-pumping process across the Co/CoO interface and incoherent magnon generation (spin fluctuation) in the interfacial CoO. It is also observed that both anti-damping and field-like SOT efficiencies vary marginally with the CAP in the thickness ranges we examined. Our results reveal the crucial role of interfacial oxides on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, magnetic damping, and SOTs.
1901.05777v1
2019-05-31
The amplitude of solar p-mode oscillations from three-dimensional convection simulations
The amplitude of solar p-mode oscillations is governed by stochastic excitation and mode damping, both of which take place in the surface convection zone. However, the time-dependent, turbulent nature of convection makes it difficult to self-consistently study excitation and damping processes through the use of traditional one-dimensional hydrostatic models. To this end, we carried out \textit{ab initio} three-dimensional, hydrodynamical numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere to investigate how p-modes are driven and dissipated in the Sun. The description of surface convection in the simulations is free from the tuneable parameters typically adopted in traditional one-dimensional models. Mode excitation and damping rates are computed based on analytical expressions whose ingredients are evaluated directly from the three-dimensional model. With excitation and damping rates both available, we estimate the theoretical oscillation amplitude and frequency of maximum power, $\nu_{\max}$, for the Sun. We compare our numerical results with helioseismic observations, finding encouraging agreement between the two. The numerical method presented here provides a novel way to investigate the physical processes responsible for mode driving and damping, and should be valid for all solar-type oscillating stars.
1905.13397v2
2019-08-23
Damping enhancement in coherent ferrite/insulating-paramagnet bilayers
High-quality epitaxial ferrites, such as low-damping MgAl-ferrite (MAFO), are promising nanoscale building blocks for all-oxide heterostructures driven by pure spin current. However, the impact of oxide interfaces on spin dynamics in such heterostructures remains an open question. Here, we investigate the spin dynamics and chemical and magnetic depth profiles of 15-nm-thick MAFO coherently interfaced with an isostructural $\approx$1-8-nm-thick overlayer of paramagnetic CoCr$_2$O$_4$ (CCO) as an all-oxide model system. Compared to MAFO without an overlayer, effective Gilbert damping in MAFO/CCO is enhanced by a factor of $>$3, irrespective of the CCO overlayer thickness. We attribute this damping enhancement to spin scattering at the $\sim$1-nm-thick chemically disordered layer at the MAFO/CCO interface, rather than spin pumping or proximity-induced magnetism. Our results indicate that damping in ferrite-based heterostructures is strongly influenced by interfacial chemical disorder, even if the thickness of the disordered layer is a small fraction of the ferrite thickness.
1908.08629v2
2019-10-03
Many-body collision contributions to electron momentum damping rates in a plasma influenced by electron strong coupling
Experimental studies of electron-ion collision rates in an ultracold neutral plasma (UNP) can be conducted through measuring the rate of electron plasma oscillation damping. For sufficiently cold and dense conditions where strong coupling influences are important, the measured damping rate was faster by 37\% than theoretical expectations [W. Chen, C. Witte, and J. Roberts, Phys. Rev. E \textbf{96}, 013203 (2017)]. We have conducted a series of numerical simulations to isolate the primary source of this difference. By analyzing the distribution of electron velocity changes due to collisions in a molecular dynamics simulation, examining the trajectory of electrons with high deflection angle in such simulations, and examining the oscillation damping rate while varying the ratio of two-body to three-body electron-ion collision rates, we have found that the difference is consistent with the effect due to many-body collisions leading to bound electrons. This has implications for other electron-ion collision related transport properties in addition to electron oscillation damping.
1910.01707v1
2019-10-18
Escape of a forced-damped particle from weakly nonlinear truncated potential well
Escape from a potential well is an extreme example of transient behavior. We consider the escape of the harmonically forced particle under viscous damping from the benchmark truncated weakly nonlinear potential well. Main attention is paid to most interesting case of primary 1:1 resonance. The treatment is based on multiple-scales analysis and exploration of the slow-flow dynamics. Contrary to Hamiltonian case described in earlier works, in the case with damping the slow-flow equations are not integrable. However, if the damping is small enough, it is possible to analyze the perturbed slow-flow equations. The effect of the damping on the escape threshold is evaluated in the explicit analytic form. Somewhat unexpectedly, the escape mechanisms in terms of the slow flow are substantially different for the linear and weakly nonlinear cases.
1910.08545v1
2019-10-24
Topological damping Rashba spin orbit torque in ballistic magnetic domain walls
Rashba spin orbit torque derived from the broken inversion symmetry at ferromagnet/heavy metal interfaces has potential application in spintronic devices. In conventional description of the precessional and damping components of the Rashba spin orbit torque in magnetization textures, the decomposition coefficients are assumed to be independent of the topology of the underlying structure. Contrary to this common wisdom, for Schr\"{o}dinger electrons trespassing ballistically across a magnetic domain wall, we found that the decomposition coefficient of the damping component is determined by the topology of the domain wall. The resultant damping Rashba spin orbit torque is protected by the topology of the underlying magnetic domain wall and robust against small deviations from the ideal domain wall profile. Our identification of a topological damping Rashba spin orbit torque component in magnetic domain walls will help to understand experiments on current driven domain wall motion in ferromagnet/heavy metal systems with broken inversion symmetry and to facilitate its utilization in innovative device designs.
1910.10977v2
2019-11-02
Tuning Non-Gilbert-type damping in FeGa films on MgO(001) via oblique deposition
The ability to tailor the damping factor is essential for spintronic and spin-torque applications. Here, we report an approach to manipulate the damping factor of FeGa/MgO(001) films by oblique deposition. Owing to the defects at the surface or interface in thin films, two-magnon scattering (TMS) acts as a non-Gilbert damping mechanism in magnetization relaxation. In this work, the contribution of TMS was characterized by in-plane angular dependent ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). It is demonstrated that the intrinsic Gilbert damping is isotropic and invariant, while the extrinsic mechanism related to TMS is anisotropic and can be tuned by oblique deposition. Furthermore, the two and fourfold TMS related to the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy were discussed. Our results open an avenue to manipulate magnetization relaxation in spintronic devices.
1911.00728v1
2019-11-13
Dipole oscillations of fermionic superfluids along the BEC-BCS crossover in disordered potentials
We investigate dipole oscillations of ultracold Fermi gases along the BEC-BCS crossover through disordered potentials. We observe a disorder-induced damping of oscillations as well as a change of the fundamental Kohn-mode frequency. The measurement results are compared to numerical density matrix renormalization group calculations as well as to a three-dimensional simulation of non-interacting fermions. Experimentally, we find a disorder-dependent damping, which grows approximately with the second power of the disorder strength. Moreover, we observe experimentally a change of oscillation frequency which deviates from the expected behavior of a damped harmonic oscillator on a percent level. While this behavior is qualitatively expected from the theoretical models used, quantitatively the experimental observations show a significantly stronger effect than predicted by theory. Furthermore, while the frequency shift seems to scale differently with interaction strength in the BEC versus BCS regime, the damping coefficient apparently decreases with the strength of interaction, but not with the sign, which changes for BEC and BCS type Fermi gases. This is surprising, as the dominant damping mechanisms are expected to be different in the two regimes.
1911.05638v1
2020-02-07
Model of damping and anisotropy at elevated temperatures: application to granular FePt films
Understanding the damping mechanism in finite size systems and its dependence on temperature is a critical step in the development of magnetic nanotechnologies. In this work, nano-sized materials are modeled via atomistic spin dynamics, the damping parameter being extracted from Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) simulations applied for FePt systems, generally used for heat-assisted magnetic recording media (HAMR). We find that the damping increases rapidly close to Tc and the effect is enhanced with decreasing system size, which is ascribed to scattering at the grain boundaries. Additionally, FMR methods provide the temperature dependence of both damping and the anisotropy, important for the development of HAMR. Semi-analytical calculations show that, in the presence of a grain size distribution, the FMR linewidth can decrease close to the Curie temperature due to a loss of inhomogeneous line broadening. Although FePt has been used in this study, the results presented in the current work are general and valid for any ferromagnetic material.
2002.02865v1
2020-04-06
Damping-like Torque in Monolayer 1T-TaS$_2$
A damping-like spin orbit torque (SOT) is a prerequisite for ultralow power spin logic devices. Here, we report on the damping-like SOT in just one monolayer of the conducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) TaS$_2$ interfaced with a NiFe (Py) ferromagnetic layer. The charge-spin conversion efficiency is found to be 0.25$\pm$0.03 and the spin Hall conductivity (2.63 $\times$ 10$^5$ $\frac{\hbar}{2e}$ $\Omega^{-1}$ m$^{-1}$) is found to be superior to values reported for other TMDs. The origin of this large damping-like SOT can be found in the interfacial properties of the TaS$_2$/Py heterostructure, and the experimental findings are complemented by the results from density functional theory calculations. The dominance of damping-like torque demonstrated in our study provides a promising path for designing next generation conducting TMD based low-powered quantum memory devices.
2004.02649v1
2020-05-15
Calibration and performance of the neutron detector onboard of the DAMPE mission
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), one of the four space-based scientific missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been successfully launched on Dec. 17th 2015 from Jiuquan launch center. One of the most important scientific goals of DAMPE is to search for the evidence of dark matter indirectly by measuring the spectrum of high energy cosmic-ray electrons. The neutron detector, one of the four sub-payloads of DAMPE, is designed to distinguish high energy electrons from hadron background by measuring the secondary neutrons produced in the shower. In this paper, a comprehensive introduction of the neutron detector is presented, including the design, the calibration and the performance. The analysis with simulated data and flight data indicates a powerful proton rejection capability of the neutron detector, which plays an essential role for TeV electron identification of DAMPE.
2005.07828v1
2020-05-16
Simultaneous observation of anti-damping and inverse spin Hall effect in La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$/Pt bilayer system
Manganites have shown potential in spintronics because they exhibit high spin polarization. Here, by ferromagnetic resonance we have studied the damping properties of La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$/Pt bilayers which are prepared by oxide molecular beam epitaxy. The damping coefficient ($\alpha$) of La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$ (LSMO) single layer is found to be 0.0104. However the LSMO/Pt bilayers exhibit decrease in $\alpha$ with increase in Pt thickness. This decrease in the value of $\alpha$ is probably due to high anti-damping like torque. Further, we have investigated the angle dependent inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) to quantify the spin pumping voltage from other spin rectification effects such as anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance. We have observed high spin pumping voltage ($\sim$~20 $ \mu V$). The results indicate that both anti-damping and spin pumping phenomena are occuring simultaneously.
2005.07848v3
2020-07-25
Using a Lindbladian approach to model decoherence in two coupled nuclear spins via correlated phase-damping and amplitude damping noise channels
In this work, we studied the relaxation dynamics of coherences of different order present in a system of two coupled nuclear spins. We used a previously designed model for intrinsic noise present in such systems which considers the Lindblad master equation for Markovian relaxation. We experimentally created zero-, single- and double- quantum coherences in several two-spin systems and performed a complete state tomography and computed state fidelity. We experimentally measured the decay of zero- and double- quantum coherences in these systems. The experimental data fitted well to a model that considers the main noise channels to be a correlated phase damping channel acting simultaneously on both spins in conjunction with a generalized amplitude damping channel acting independently on both spins. The differential relaxation of multiple-quantum coherences can be ascribed to the action of a correlated phase damping channel acting simultaneously on both the spins.
2007.12972v1
2020-09-29
The effects of nonlinear damping on degenerate parametric amplification
This paper considers the dynamic response of a single degree of freedom system with nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping that is subjected to both resonant direct excitation and resonant parametric excitation, with a general phase between the two. This generalizes and expands on previous studies of nonlinear effects on parametric amplification, notably by including the effects of nonlinear damping, which is commonly observed in a large variety of systems, including micro- and nano-scale resonators. Using the method of averaging, a thorough parameter study is carried out that describes the effects of the amplitudes and relative phase of the two forms of excitation. The effects of nonlinear damping on the parametric gain are first derived. The transitions among various topological forms of the frequency response curves, which can include isolae, dual peaks, and loops, are determined, and bifurcation analyses in parameter spaces of interest are carried out. In general, these results provide a complete picture of the system response and allow one to select drive conditions of interest that avoid bistability while providing maximum amplitude gain, maximum phase sensitivity, or a flat resonant peak, in systems with nonlinear damping.
2009.14284v2
2020-11-10
Damped oscillators within the general theory of Casimir and van der Waals forces
It is demonstrated that the general theory of Casimir and van der Waals forces describes the interaction-induced equilibrium thermodynamic potentials of the damped harmonic oscillator bilinearly coupled to the environment. An extended model for a damped oscillator is suggested along the lines of the general theory of Casimir and van der Waals forces, and the corresponding thermodynamic quantities obtained. While the original model involves a heat bath consisting of a large number of free oscillators having infinitesimal damping functions, the extended model allows any generally admissible frequency and temperature dependent dissipative susceptibilities of the heat bath constituents, influenced by the additional dissipative environmental channels that are not directly linked to the system oscillator. Consequently, the results obtained are applicable to the frequency and temperature dependent damping function of the system oscillator.
2011.04960v2
2021-01-03
The effect of flow on resonant absorption of slow MHD waves in magnetic flux tubes
In this paper, we study kink and sausage oscillations in the presence of longitudinal background flow. We study resonant absorption of the kink and sausage modes in the slow continuum under magnetic pore conditions in the presence of flow. we determine the dispersion relation then solve it numerically, and find the frequencies and damping rates of the slow kink and sausage surface modes. We also, obtain analytical solution for the damping rate of the slow surface mode in the long wavelength limit. We show that in the presence of plasma flow, resonance absorption can result in strong damping for forward waves and can be considered as an efficient mechanism to justify the extremely rapid damping of slow surface sausage waves observed in magnetic pores. Also, the plasma flow reduces the efficiency of resonance absorption to damp backward waves. Furthermore, for the pore conditions, the resonance instability is avoided in our model.
2101.02064v1
2021-02-01
Blow-up and lifespan estimates for a damped wave equation in the Einstein-de Sitter spacetime with nonlinearity of derivative type
In this article, we investigate the blow-up for local solutions to a semilinear wave equation in the generalized Einstein - de Sitter spacetime with nonlinearity of derivative type. More precisely, we consider a semilinear damped wave equation with a time-dependent and not summable speed of propagation and with a time-dependent coefficient for the linear damping term with critical decay rate. We prove in this work that the results obtained in a previous work, where the damping coefficient takes two particular values $0$ or $2$, can be extended for any positive damping coefficient. In the blow-up case, the upper bound of the exponent of the nonlinear term is given, and the lifespan estimate of the global existence time is derived as well.
2102.01137v2
2021-02-02
Analysis of Lower Hybrid Drift Waves in Kappa Distributions over Solar Atmosphere
Kappa distributions and with loss cone features have been frequently observed with flares emissions with the signatures of Lower hybrid waves. We have analysed the plasma with Kappa distributions and with loss cone features for the drift wave instabilities in perpendicular propagation for Large flare and Normal flare and Coronal condition . While analysing the growth/damping rate, we understand that the growth of propagation of EM waves increases with kappa distribution index for all the three cases. In comparing the propagation large flare shows lesser growth in compared with the normal and the coronal plasmas. When added the loss cone features to Kappa distributions, we find that the damping of EM wave propagation takes place. The damping rate EM waves is increases with perpendicular temperature and loss cone index l, in all the three cases but damping is very high for large flare and then normal in comparision with coronal condition. This shows that the lower hybrid damping may be the source of coronal heating.
2102.01323v1
2021-02-25
Regularity and stability of the semigroup associated with some interacting elastic systems I: A degenerate damping case
In this paper, we examine regularity and stability issues for two damped abstract elastic systems. The damping involves the average velocity and a fractional power $\theta$, with $\theta$ in $[-1,1]$, of the principal operator. The matrix operator defining the damping mechanism for the coupled system is degenerate. First, we prove that for $\theta$ in $(1/2,1]$, the underlying semigroup is not analytic, but is differentiable for $\theta$ in $(0,1)$; this is in sharp contrast with known results for a single similarly damped elastic system, where the semigroup is analytic for $\theta$ in $[1/2,1]$; this shows that the degeneracy dominates the dynamics of the interacting systems, preventing analyticity in that range. Next, we show that for $\theta$ in $(0,1/2]$, the semigroup is of certain Gevrey classes. Finally, we show that the semigroup decays exponentially for $\theta$ in $[0,1]$, and polynomially for $\theta$ in $[-1,0)$. To prove our results, we use the frequency domain method, which relies on resolvent estimates. Optimality of our resolvent estimates is also established. Several examples of application are provided.
2102.13217v4
2021-03-05
Existence and congruence of global attractors for damped and forced integrable and nonintegrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations
We study two damped and forced discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations on the one-dimensional infinite lattice. Without damping and forcing they are represented by the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik equation (AL) featuring non-local cubic nonlinear terms, and its standard (nonintegrable) counterpart with local cubic nonlinear terms (DNLS). The global existence of a unique solution to the initial value problem for both, the damped and forced AL and DNLS, is proven. It is further shown that for sufficiently close initial data, their corresponding solutions stay close for all times. Concerning the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions to the damped and forced AL and DNLS, for the former a sufficient condition for the existence of a restricted global attractor is established while it is shown that the latter possesses a global attractor. Finally, we prove the congruence of the restricted global AL attractor and the DNLS attractor for dynamics ensuing from initial data contained in an appropriate bounded subset in a Banach space.
2103.03533v1
2021-05-17
Dissipation of Oscillation Energy and Distribution of Damping Power in a Multimachine Power System: A Small-signal Analysis
This paper revisits the concept of damping torque in a multimachine power system and its relation to the dissipation of oscillation energy in synchronous machine windings. As a multimachine extension of an existing result on a single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) system, we show that the total damping power for a mode stemming from the interaction of electromagnetic torques and rotor speeds is equal to the sum of average power dissipations in the generator windings corresponding to the modal oscillation. Further, counter-intuitive to the SMIB result, we demonstrate that, although the equality holds on an aggregate, such is not the case for individual machines in an interconnected system. To that end, distribution factors are derived for expressing the average damping power of each generator as a linear combination of average powers of modal energy dissipation in the windings of all machines in the system. These factors represent the distribution of damping power in a multimachine system. The results are validated on IEEE 4-machine and 16-machine test systems.
2105.07618v2
2021-06-04
Imaging spin-wave damping underneath metals using electron spins in diamond
Spin waves in magnetic insulators are low-damping signal carriers that could enable a new generation of spintronic devices. The excitation, control, and detection of spin waves by metal electrodes is crucial for interfacing these devices to electrical circuits. It is therefore important to understand metal-induced damping of spin-wave transport, but characterizing this process requires access to the underlying magnetic films. Here we show that spins in diamond enable imaging of spin waves that propagate underneath metals in magnetic insulators, and then use this capability to reveal a 100-fold increase in spin-wave damping. By analyzing spin-wave-induced currents in the metal, we derive an effective damping parameter that matches these observations well. We furthermore detect buried scattering centers, highlighting the technique's power for assessing spintronic device quality. Our results open new avenues for studying metal - spin-wave interaction and provide access to interfacial processes such as spin-wave injection via the spin-Hall effect.
2106.02508v2
2021-06-04
Inherent Non-Linear Damping in Resonators with Inertia Amplification
Inertia amplification is a mechanism coupling degrees of freedom within a vibrating structure. Its goal is to achieve an apparent high dynamic mass and, accordingly, a low resonance frequency. Such structures have been described for use in locally resonant metamaterials and phononic crystals to lower the starting frequency of a band gap without adding mass to the system. This study shows that any non-linear kinematic coupling between translational or rotational vibrations leads to the appearance of amplitude-dependent damping. The analytical derivation of the equation of motion of a resonator with inertia amplification creates insight in the damping process, and shows that the vibration damping increases with its amplitude. The theoretical study is validated by experimental evidence from two types of inertia-amplification resonators. Finally, the importance of amplitude-dependent damping is illustrated when the structure is used as a tuned mass damper for a cantilever beam.
2106.02576v2
2021-06-30
On the effect of perturbations in first-order optimization methods with inertia and Hessian driven damping
Second-order continuous-time dissipative dynamical systems with viscous and Hessian driven damping have inspired effective first-order algorithms for solving convex optimization problems. While preserving the fast convergence properties of the Nesterov-type acceleration, the Hessian driven damping makes it possible to significantly attenuate the oscillations. To study the stability of these algorithms with respect to perturbations, we analyze the behaviour of the corresponding continuous systems when the gradient computation is subject to exogenous additive errors. We provide a quantitative analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of two types of systems, those with implicit and explicit Hessian driven damping. We consider convex, strongly convex, and non-smooth objective functions defined on a real Hilbert space and show that, depending on the formulation, different integrability conditions on the perturbations are sufficient to maintain the convergence rates of the systems. We highlight the differences between the implicit and explicit Hessian damping, and in particular point out that the assumptions on the objective and perturbations needed in the implicit case are more stringent than in the explicit case.
2106.16159v2
2021-07-02
Anomalous Gilbert Damping and Duffing Features of the SFS {\boldmath $\varphi_0$} Josephson Junction
We demonstrate unusual features of phase dynamics, IV-characteristics and magnetization dynamics of the $\varphi_0$ Josephson junction at small values of spin-orbit interaction, ratio of Josephson to magnetic energy and Gilbert damping. In particular, an anomalous shift of the ferromagnetic resonance frequency with an increase of Gilbert damping is found. The ferromagnetic resonance curves show the Duffing oscillator behaviour, reflecting the nonlinear nature of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation. Based on the numerical analysis of each term in LLG equation we obtained an approximated equation demonstrated both damping effect and Duffing oscillator features. The resulting Duffing equation incorporates the Gilbert damping in a special way across the dissipative term and the restoring force. A resonance method for the determination of spin-orbit interaction in noncentrosymmetric materials which play the role of barrier in $\varphi_0$ junctions is proposed.
2107.00982v3
2021-07-13
A new approach to the quantization of the damped harmonic oscillator
In this paper, a new approach for constructing Lagrangians for driven and undriven linearly damped systems is proposed, by introducing a redefined time coordinate and an associated coordinate transformation to ensure that the resulting Lagrangian satisfies the Helmholtz conditions. The approach is applied to canonically quantize the damped harmonic oscillator and although it predicts an energy spectrum that decays at the same rate to previous models, unlike those approaches it recovers the classical critical damping condition, which determines transitions between energy eigenstates, and is therefore consistent with the correspondence principle. It is also demonstrated how to apply the procedure to a driven damped harmonic oscillator.
2107.05827v3
2021-10-26
Theory of sound attenuation in amorphous solids from nonaffine motions
We present a theoretical derivation of acoustic phonon damping in amorphous solids based on the nonaffine response formalism for the viscoelasticity of amorphous solids. The analytical theory takes into account the nonaffine displacements in transverse waves and is able to predict both the ubiquitous low-energy diffusive damping $\sim k^{2}$, as well as a novel contribution to the Rayleigh damping $\sim k^{4}$ at higher wavevectors and the crossover between the two regimes observed experimentally. The coefficient of the diffusive term is proportional to the microscopic viscous (Langevin-type) damping in particle motion (which arises from anharmonicity), and to the nonaffine correction to the static shear modulus, whereas the Rayleigh damping emerges in the limit of low anharmonicity, consistent with previous observations and macroscopic models. Importantly, the $k^4$ Rayleigh contribution derived here does not arise from harmonic disorder or elastic heterogeneity effects and it is the dominant mechanism for sound attenuation in amorphous solids as recently suggested by molecular simulations.
2110.13446v2
2021-11-21
Energy Transport in 1-Dimensional Oscillator Arrays With Hysteretic Damping
Energy transport in 1-dimensional oscillator arrays has been extensively studied to date in the conservative case, as well as under weak viscous damping. When driven at one end by a sinusoidal force, such arrays are known to exhibit the phenomenon of supratransmission, i.e. a sudden energy surge above a critical driving amplitude. In this paper, we study 1-dimensional oscillator chains in the presence of hysteretic damping, and include nonlinear stiffness forces that are important for many materials at high energies. We first employ Reid's model of local hysteretic damping, and then study a new model of nearest neighbor dependent hysteretic damping to compare their supratransmission and wave packet spreading properties in a deterministic as well as stochastic setting. The results have important quantitative differences, which should be helpful when comparing the merits of the two models in specific engineering applications.
2111.10816v3
2021-12-15
An Innovative Transverse Emittance Cooling Technique using a Laser-Plasma Wiggler
We propose an innovative beam cooling scheme based on laser driven plasma wakefields to address the challenge of high luminosity generation for a future linear collider. For linear colliders, beam cooling is realised by means of damping rings equipped with wiggler magnets and accelerating cavities. This scheme ensures systematic reduction of phase space volume through synchrotron radiation emission whilst compensating for longitudinal momentum loss via an accelerating cavity. In this paper, the concept of a plasma wiggler and its effective model analogous to a magnetic wiggler are introduced; relation of plasma wiggler characteristics with damping properties are demonstrated; underpinning particle-in-cell simulations for laser propagation optimisation are presented. The oscillation of transverse wakefields and resulting sinusoidal probe beam trajectory are numerically demonstrated. The formation of an order of magnitude larger effective wiggler field compared to conventional wigglers is successfully illustrated. Potential damping ring designs on the basis of this novel plasma-based technology are presented and performance in terms of damping times and footprint was compared to an existing conventional damping ring design.
2112.08163v1
2021-12-21
ISS-Based Robustness to Various Neglected Damping Mechanisms for the 1-D Wave PDE
This paper is devoted to the study of the robustness properties of the 1-D wave equation for an elastic vibrating string under four different damping mechanisms that are usually neglected in the study of the wave equation: (i) friction with the surrounding medium of the string (or viscous damping), (ii) thermoelastic phenomena (or thermal damping), (iii) internal friction of the string (or Kelvin-Voigt damping), and (iv) friction at the free end of the string (the so-called passive damper). The passive damper is also the simplest boundary feedback law that guarantees exponential stability for the string. We study robustness with respect to distributed inputs and boundary disturbances in the context of Input-to-State Stability (ISS). By constructing appropriate ISS Lyapunov functionals, we prove the ISS property expressed in various spatial norms.
2112.11287v1
2022-01-20
Derivation of the linear Boltzmann equation from the damped quantum Lorentz gas with a general scatterer configuration
It is a fundamental problem in mathematical physics to derive macroscopic transport equations from microscopic models. In this paper we derive the linear Boltzmann equation in the low-density limit of a damped quantum Lorentz gas for a large class of deterministic and random scatterer configurations. Previously this result was known only for the single-scatterer problem on the flat torus, and for uniformly random scatterer configurations where no damping is required. The damping is critical in establishing convergence -- in the absence of damping the limiting behaviour depends on the exact configuration under consideration, and indeed, the linear Boltzmann equation is not expected to appear for periodic and other highly ordered configurations.
2201.08229v2
2022-01-22
Effect of MagneticField on the Damping Behavior of a Ferrofluid based Damper
This paper is an extension of our earlier work where we had reported a proof of concept for a ferrofluid based damper. The damper used ferrofluid as damping medium and it was seen that damping efficiency of the damper changes on application of magnetic field. The present paper deals with a systematic study of the effect of magnetic field on the damping efficiency of the damper. Results of these studies are reported. It is seen that damping ratio varies linearly with magnetic field ({\zeta} / H = 0.028 per kG) for magnetic field in range of 0.0 to 4.5 kG. It may be mentioned that ferrofluid is different from magnetorheological fluid even though both of them are magnetic field-responsive fluids. The ferrofluid-dampers are better suited than MR Fluid-dampers for their use in automobiles.
2201.09027v1
2022-01-28
Machine learning-based method of calorimeter saturation correction for helium flux analysis with DAMPE experiment
DAMPE is a space-borne experiment for the measurement of the cosmic-ray fluxes at energies up to around 100 TeV per nucleon. At energies above several tens of TeV, the electronics of DAMPE calorimeter would saturate, leaving certain bars with no energy recorded. In the present work we discuss the application of machine learning techniques for the treatment of DAMPE data, to compensate the calorimeter energy lost by saturation.
2201.12185v3
2022-03-10
Accelerated gradient methods combining Tikhonov regularization with geometric damping driven by the Hessian
In a Hilbert setting, for convex differentiable optimization, we consider accelerated gradient dynamics combining Tikhonov regularization with Hessian-driven damping. The Tikhonov regularization parameter is assumed to tend to zero as time tends to infinity, which preserves equilibria. The presence of the Tikhonov regularization term induces a strong convexity property which vanishes asymptotically. To take advantage of the exponential convergence rates attached to the heavy ball method in the strongly convex case, we consider the inertial dynamic where the viscous damping coefficient is taken proportional to the square root of the Tikhonov regularization parameter, and therefore also converges towards zero. Moreover, the dynamic involves a geometric damping which is driven by the Hessian of the function to be minimized, which induces a significant attenuation of the oscillations. Under an appropriate tuning of the parameters, based on Lyapunov's analysis, we show that the trajectories have at the same time several remarkable properties: they provide fast convergence of values, fast convergence of gradients towards zero, and strong convergence to the minimum norm minimizer. This study extends a previous paper by the authors where similar issues were examined but without the presence of Hessian driven damping.
2203.05457v2
2022-04-01
On the Importance of High-Frequency Damping in High-Order Conservative Finite-Difference Schemes for Viscous Fluxes
This paper discusses the importance of high-frequency damping in high-order conservative finite-difference schemes for viscous terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. Investigating nonlinear instability encountered in a high-resolution viscous shock-tube simulation, we have discovered that a modification to the viscous scheme rather than the inviscid scheme resolves a problem with spurious oscillations around shocks. The modification introduces a term responsible for high-frequency damping that is missing in a conservative high-order viscous scheme. The importance of damping has been known for schemes designed for unstructured grids. However, it has not been recognized well in very high-order difference schemes, especially in conservative difference schemes. Here, we discuss how it is easily missed in a conservative scheme and how to improve such schemes by a suitably designed damping term.
2204.00393v1
2022-06-20
Stability and Damping in the Disks of Massive Galaxies
After their initial formation, disk galaxies are observed to be rotationally stable over periods of >6 Gyr, implying that any large velocity disturbances of stars and gas clouds are damped rapidly on the timescale of their rotation. However, it is also known that despite this damping, there must be a degree of random local motion to stabilize the orbits against degenerate collapse. A mechanism for such damping is proposed by a combination of inter-stellar gravitational interactions, and interactions with the Oort clouds and exo-Oort objects associated with each star. Analysis of the gravitational interactions between two stars is a three-body problem, because the stars are also in orbit round the large virtual mass of the galaxy. These mechanisms may produce rapid damping of large perturbations within a time period that is short on the scale of observational look-back time, but long on the scale of the disk rotational period for stars with small perturbations. This mechanism may also account for the locally observed mean perturbations in the Milky Way of 8-15~km/s for younger stars and 20-30~km/s for older stars.
2206.09671v2
2022-08-25
The Effect of Frequency Droop Damping on System Parameters and Battery Sizing During Load Change Condition
Inverter-based resources (IBR) have been widely studied for their advantages on the current power systems. This increase in the penetration of renewable energy has raised some concerns about the stability of the existing grid. Historically, power systems are dominated by synchronous generators that can easily react to system instability due to high inertia and damping characteristics. However, with IBR, the control of the inverter plays a crucial role in contributing to the system stability and enhancing the functionality of the inverters. One of these novel control methods is droop control. Droop characteristics are used to control voltage, frequency, and active and reactive power. This paper presents the impact of frequency droop damping on system frequency, real power, and the rate of change of frequency with distributed energy resources. Also, battery sizing is suggested based on the results. The results also show the need for optimal selection for the frequency droop damping to fulfill the appropriate battery size in terms of cost and performance. The simulations are carried out in an electromagnetic transient program (EMTP)
2208.12291v1
2022-09-15
Superfluid $^4$He as a rigorous test bench for different damping models in nanoelectromechanical resonators
We have used nanoelectromechanical resonators to probe superfluid $^4$He at different temperature regimes, spanning over four orders of magnitude in damping. These regimes are characterized by the mechanisms which provide the dominant contributions to damping and the shift of the resonance frequency: tunneling two level systems at the lowest temperatures, ballistic phonons and rotons at few hundred mK, and laminar drag in the two-fluid regime below the superfluid transition temperature as well as in the normal fluid. Immersing the nanoelectromechanical resonators in fluid increases their effective mass substantially, decreasing their resonance frequency. Dissipationless superflow gives rise to a unique possibility to dramatically change the mechanical resonance frequency in situ, allowing rigorous tests on different damping models in mechanical resonators. We apply this method to characterize tunneling two-level system losses and magnetomotive damping in the devices.
2209.07229v2
2022-10-16
Magnetic damping anisotropy in the two-dimensional van der Waals material Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ from first principles
Magnetization relaxation in the two-dimensional itinerant ferromagnetic van der Waals material Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$, below the Curie temperature, is fundamentally important for applications to low-dimensional spintronics devices. We use first-principles scattering theory to calculate the temperature-dependent Gilbert damping for bulk and single-layer Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$. The calculated damping frequency of bulk Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$ increases monotonically with temperature because of the dominance of resistivitylike behavior. By contrast, a very weak temperature dependence is found for the damping frequency of a single layer, which is attributed to strong surface scattering in this highly confined geometry. A systematic study of the damping anisotropy reveals that orientational anisotropy is present in both bulk and single-layer Fe3GeTe2. Rotational anisotropy is significant at low temperatures for both the bulk and a single layer and is gradually diminished by temperature-induced disorder. The rotational anisotropy can be significantly enhanced by up to 430% in gated single-layer Fe$_3$GeTe$_2$.
2210.08429v1
2022-11-08
On the injection scale of the turbulence in the partially ionized very local interstellar medium
The cascade of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is subject to ion-neutral collisional damping and neutral viscous damping in the partially ionized interstellar medium. By examining the damping effects in the warm and partially ionized local interstellar medium, we find that the interstellar turbulence is damped by neutral viscosity at $\sim 261$ au and cannot account for the turbulent magnetic fluctuations detected by Voyager 1 and 2. The MHD turbulence measured by Voyager in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) should be locally injected in the regime where ions are decoupled from neutrals for its cascade to survive the damping effects. With the imposed ion-neutral decoupling condition, and the strong turbulence condition for the observed Kolmogorov magnetic energy spectrum, we find that the turbulence in the VLISM is sub-Alfv\'{e}nic, and its largest possible injection scale is $\sim 194$ au.
2211.04496v1
2022-12-11
The overtone level spacing of a black hole quasinormal frequencies: a fingerprint of a local $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry
The imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies spectrum for a static and spherically symmetric black hole is analytically known to be equally spaced, both for the highly damped and the weakly damped families of quasinormal modes. Some interesting attempts have been made in the last twenty years to understand in simple ways this level spacing for the only case of highly damped quasinormal frequencies. Here, we show that the overtone level spacing, for both the highly damped and weakly damped families of quasinormal modes, can simply be understood as a fingerprint of a hidden local $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry, near different regions of the black hole spacetime, i.e. the near-horizon and the near-photon sphere regions.
2212.05538v1
2022-12-15
Formation of shifted shock for the 3D compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping
In this paper, we show the shock formation to the compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping $\frac{a\p u}{(1+t)^{\lam}}$ in three spatial dimensions without any symmetry conditions. It's well-known that for $\lam>1$, the damping is too weak to prevent the shock formation for suitably large data. However, the classical results only showed the finite existence of the solution. Follow the work by D.Christodoulou in\cite{christodoulou2007}, starting from the initial isentropic and irrotational short pulse data, we show the formation of shock is characterized by the collapse of the characteristic hypersurfaces and the vanishing of the inverse foliation density function $\mu$, at which the first derivatives of the velocity and the density blow up, and the lifespan $T_{\ast}(a,\lam)$ is exponentially large. Moreover, the damping effect will shift the time of shock formation $T_{\ast}$. The methods in the paper can also be extended to the Euler equations with general time-decay damping.
2212.07828v1
2023-01-15
Damped-driven system of bouncing droplets leading to deterministic diffusive behavior
Damped-driven systems are ubiquitous in science, however the damping and driving mechanisms are often quite convoluted. This manuscript presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of a fluidic droplet on a vertically vibrating fluid bath as a damped-driven system. We study a fluidic droplet in an annular cavity with the fluid bath forced above the Faraday wave threshold. We model the droplet as a kinematic point particle in air and as inelastic collisions during impact with the bath. In both experiments and the model the droplet is observed to chaotically change velocity with a Gaussian distribution. Finally, the statistical distributions from experiments and theory are analyzed. Incredibly, this simple deterministic interaction of damping and driving of the droplet leads to more complex Brownian-like and Levy-like behavior.
2301.06041v2
2023-03-01
Generation of intraparticle quantum correlations in amplitude damping channel and its robustness
Quantum correlations between two or more different degrees of freedom of the same particle is sometimes referred to as intraparticle entanglement. In this work, we study these intra-particle correlations between two different degrees of freedom under various decoherence channels viz. amplitude damping, depolarising and phase damping channels. We observe a unique feature of the amplitude damping channel, wherein entanglement is shown to arise starting from separable states. In case of non maximally entangled input states, in addition to entanglement sudden death, the creation of entanglement is also observed, having an asymptotic decay over a long time. These counter-intuitive behaviours arise due to the subtle interplay of channel and input state parameters, and are not seen for interparticle entanglement without consideration of non-Markovian noise. It is also not observed for maximally entangled input states. Furthermore, investigation of entanglement evolution in phase damping and depolarizing channels shows its robustness against decoherence as compared to interparticle entanglement.
2303.01238v1
2023-03-07
Electrically tunable Gilbert damping in van der Waals heterostructures of two-dimensional ferromagnetic metals and ferroelectrics
Tuning the Gilbert damping of ferromagnetic (FM) metals via a nonvolatile way is of importance to exploit and design next-generation novel spintronic devices. Through systematical first-principles calculations, we study the magnetic properties of the van der Waals heterostructure of two-dimensional FM metal CrTe2 and ferroelectric (FE) In2Te3 monolayers. The ferromagnetism of CrTe2 is maintained in CrTe2/In2Te3 and its magnetic easy axis can be switched from in-plane to out-of-plane by reversing the FE polarization of In2Te3. Excitingly, we find that the Gilbert damping of CrTe2 is tunable when the FE polarization of In2Te3 is reversed from upward to downward. By analyzing the k-dependent contributions to the Gilbert damping, we unravel that such tunability results from the changed intersections between the bands of CrTe2 and Fermi level on the reversal of the FE polarizations of In2Te3 in CrTe2/In2Te3. Our work provides an appealing way to electrically tailor Gilbert dampings of two-dimensional FM metals by contacting them with ferroelectrics.
2303.03852v1
2023-03-16
Quantum Brownian Motion in the Caldeira-Leggett Model with a Damped Environment
We model a quantum system coupled to an environment of damped harmonic oscillators by following the approach of Caldeira-Leggett and adopting the Caldirola-Kanai Lagrangian for the bath oscillators. In deriving the master equation of the quantum system of interest (a particle in a general potential), we show that the potential is modified non-trivially by a new inverted harmonic oscillator term, induced by the damping of the bath oscillators. We analyze numerically the case of a particle in a double-well potential, and find that this modification changes both the rate of decoherence at short times and the well-transfer probability at longer times. We also identify a simple rescaling condition that keeps the potential fixed despite changes in the environmental damping. Here, the increase of environmental damping leads to a slowing of decoherence.
2303.09516v1
2023-03-22
A Numerical Study of Landau Damping with PETSc-PIC
We present a study of the standard plasma physics test, Landau damping, using the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm. The Landau damping phenomenon consists of the damping of small oscillations in plasmas without collisions. In the PIC method, a hybrid discretization is constructed with a grid of finitely supported basis functions to represent the electric, magnetic and/or gravitational fields, and a distribution of delta functions to represent the particle field. Approximations to the dispersion relation are found to be inadequate in accurately calculating values for the electric field frequency and damping rate when parameters of the physical system, such as the plasma frequency or thermal velocity, are varied. We present a full derivation and numerical solution for the dispersion relation, and verify the PETSC-PIC numerical solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson for a large range of wave numbers and charge densities.
2303.12620v1
2023-04-07
Shifted shock formation for the 3D compressible Euler equations with damping and variation of the vorticity
In this paper, we consider the shock formation problem for the 3-dimensional(3D) compressible Euler equations with damping inspired by the work \cite{BSV3Dfulleuler}. It will be shown that for a class of large data, the damping can not prevent the formation of point shock, and the damping effect shifts the shock time and the wave amplitude while the shock location and the blow up direction remain the same with the information of this point shock being computed explicitly. Moreover, the vorticity is concentrated in the non-blow-up direction, which varies exponentially due to the damping effect. Our proof is based on the estimates for the modulated self-similar variables and lower bounds for the Lagrangian trajectories.
2304.03506v2
2023-07-05
Bayesian evidence for two slow-wave damping models in hot coronal loops
We compute the evidence in favour of two models, one based on field-aligned thermal conduction alone and another that includes thermal misbalance as well, in explaining the damping of slow magneto-acoustic waves in hot coronal loops. Our analysis is based on the computation of the marginal likelihood and the Bayes factor for the two damping models. We quantify their merit in explaining the apparent relationship between slow mode periods and damping times, measured with SOHO/SUMER in a set of hot coronal loops. The results indicate evidence in favour of the model with thermal misbalance in the majority of the sample, with a small population of loops for which thermal conduction alone is more plausible. The apparent possibility of two different regimes of slow-wave damping, if due to differences between the loops of host active regions and/or the photospheric dynamics, may help with revealing the coronal heating mechanism.
2307.02439v1
2023-07-24
From characteristic functions to multivariate distribution functions and European option prices by the damped COS method
We provide a unified framework for the computation of the distribution function and the computation of prices of financial options from the characteristic function of some density by the COS method. The classical COS method is numerically very efficient in one-dimension but cannot deal very well with certain financial options in general dimensions. Therefore, we introduce the damped COS method which can handle a large class of integrands very efficiently. We prove the convergence of the (damped) COS method and study its order of convergence. The (damped) COS method converges exponentially if the characteristic function decays exponentially. To apply the (damped) COS method, one has to specify two parameters: a truncation range for the multivariate density and the number of terms to approximate the truncated density by a cosine series. We provide an explicit formula for the truncation range and an implicit formula for the number of terms. Numerical experiments up to five dimensions confirm the theoretical results.
2307.12843v6
2023-07-26
A Nonlinear Damped Metamaterial: Wideband Attenuation with Nonlinear Bandgap and Modal Dissipation
In this paper, we incorporate the effect of nonlinear damping with the concept of locally resonant metamaterials to enable vibration attenuation beyond the conventional bandgap range. The proposed design combines a linear host cantilever beam and periodically distributed inertia amplifiers as nonlinear local resonators. The geometric nonlinearity induced by the inertia amplifiers causes an amplitude-dependent nonlinear damping effect. Through the implementation of both modal superposition and numerical harmonic methods the finite nonlinear metamaterial is accurately modelled. The resulting nonlinear frequency response reveals the bandgap is both amplitude-dependent and broadened. Furthermore, the modal frequencies are also attenuated due to the nonlinear damping effect. The theoretical results are validated experimentally. By embedding the nonlinear damping effect into locally resonant metamaterials, wideband attenuation of the proposed metamaterial is achieved, which opens new possibilities for versatile metamaterials beyond the limit of their linear counterparts.
2307.14165v2
2023-07-28
Premature jump-down mimicks nonlinear damping in nanoresonators
Recent experiments on nano-resonators in a bistable regime use the `jump-down' point between states to infer mechanical properties of the membrane or a load, but often suggest the presence of some nonlinear damping. Motivated by such experiments, we develop a mechanical model of a membrane subject to a uniform, oscillatory load and linear damping. We solve this model numerically and compare its jump-down behaviour with standard asymptotic predictions for a one-dimensional Duffing oscillator with strain stiffening. We show that the axisymmetric, but spatially-varying, problem can be mapped to the Duffing problem with coefficients determined rationally from the model's Partial Differential Equations. However, we also show that jump-down happens earlier than expected (i.e.~at lower frequency, and with a smaller oscillation amplitude). Although this premature jump-down is often interpreted as the signature of a nonlinear damping in experiments, its appearance in numerical simulations with only linear damping suggests instead that indicate that the limitations of asymptotic results may, at least sometimes, be the cause. We therefore suggest that care should be exercised in interpreting the results of nano-resonator experiments.
2307.15656v1
2023-09-22
Long time energy averages and a lower resolvent estimate for damped waves
We consider the damped wave equation on a compact manifold. We propose different ways of measuring decay of the energy (time averages of lower energy levels, decay for frequency localized data...) and exhibit links with resolvent estimates on the imaginary axis. As an application we prove a universal logarithmic lower resolvent bound on the imaginary axis for the damped wave operator when the Geometric Control Condition (GCC) is not satisfied. This is to be compared to the uniform boundedness of the resolvent on that set when GCC holds. The proofs rely on (i) various (re-)formulations of the damped wave equation as a conservative hyperbolic part perturbed by a lower order damping term;(ii) a "Plancherel-in-time" argument as in classical proofs of the Gearhart-Huang-Pr{\"u}ss theorem; and (iii) an idea of Bony-Burq-Ramond of propagating a coherent state along an undamped trajectory up to Ehrenfest time.
2309.12709v1
2023-10-11
Damping Density of an Absorptive Shoebox Room Derived from the Image-Source Method
The image-source method is widely applied to compute room impulse responses (RIRs) of shoebox rooms with arbitrary absorption. However, with increasing RIR lengths, the number of image sources grows rapidly, leading to slow computation. In this paper, we derive a closed-form expression for the damping density, which characterizes the overall multi-slope energy decay. The omnidirectional energy decay over time is directly derived from the damping density. The resulting energy decay model accurately matches the late reverberation simulated via the image-source method. The proposed model allows the fast stochastic synthesis of late reverberation by shaping noise with the energy envelope. Simulations of various wall damping coefficients demonstrate the model's accuracy. The proposed model consistently outperforms the energy decay prediction accuracy compared to a state-of-the-art approximation method. The paper elaborates on the proposed damping density's applicability to modeling multi-sloped sound energy decay, predicting reverberation time in non-diffuse sound fields, and fast frequency-dependent RIR synthesis.
2310.07363v1
2023-10-14
Exploring Damping Effect of Inner Control Loops for Grid-Forming VSCs
This paper presents an analytical approach to explore the damping effect of inner loops on grid-forming converters. First, an impedance model is proposed to characterize the behaviors of inner loops, thereby illustrating their influence on output impedance shaping. Then, based on the impedance representation, the complex torque coefficient method is employed to assess the contribution of inner loops to system damping. The interactions among inner loops, outer loops, and the ac grid are analyzed. It reveals that inner loops shape the electrical damping torque coefficient and consequently influence both synchronous and sub-synchronous oscillation modes. The virtual admittance and current control-based inner-loop scheme is employed to illustrate the proposed analytical approach. The case study comprises the analysis of impedance profiles, the analysis of damping torque contributed by inner loops under various grid strengths, and the comparison between dq-frame and {\alpha}\b{eta}-frame realizations of inner loops. Finally, simulation and experimental tests collaborate with theoretical approaches and findings.
2310.09660v1
2023-10-24
Frictional weakening of a granular sheared layer due to viscous rolling revealed by Discrete Element Modeling
Considering a 3D sheared granular layer modeled with discrete elements, it is well known the rolling resistance significantly influences the mechanical behavior. Even if the rolling resistance role has been deeply investigated as it is commonly used to represent the the roughness of the grains and the interparticle locking, the role of rolling viscous damping coefficient has been largely overlooked so far. This parameter is rarely used or only to dissipate the energy and to converge numerically. This paper revisits the physical role of those coefficients with a parametric study of the rolling friction and the rolling damping for a sheared layer at different shear speeds and different confinement pressures. It has been observed that the damping coefficient induces a frictional weakening. Hence, competition between the rolling resistance and the rolling damping occurs. Angular resistance aims to avoid grains rolling, decreasing the difference between the angular velocities of grains. Whereas, angular damping acts in the opposite, avoiding a change in the difference between the angular velocities of grains. In consequence, grains keep rolling and the sample strength decreases. This effect must be considered to not overestimate the frictional response of a granular layer.
2310.15945v1
2023-12-12
Coordination of Damping Controllers: A Data-Informed Approach for Adaptability
This work proposes a data-informed approach for an adaptable coordination of damping controllers. The novel concept of coordination is based on minimizing the Total Action, a single metric that measures the system's dynamic response post-disturbance. This is a performance measure based on the physics of the power system, which encapsulates the oscillation energy related to synchronous generators. Deep learning theory is used to propose a Total Action function approximator, which captures the relationship between the system wide-area measurements, the status of damping controllers, and the conditions of the disturbance. By commissioning the switching status (on/off) of damping controllers in real-time, the oscillation energy is reduced, enhancing the power system stability. The concept is tested in the Western North America Power System (wNAPS) and compared with a model-based approach for the coordination of damping controllers. The data-informed coordination outperforms the model-based approach, demonstrating exceptional adaptability and performance to handle multi-modal events. The proposed scheme shows outstanding reductions in low-frequency oscillations even under various operating conditions, fault locations, and time delay considerations.
2312.07739v1
2024-01-26
Efficient Control of Magnetization Dynamics Via W/CuO$_\text{x}$ Interface
Magnetization dynamics, which determine the speed of magnetization switching and spin information propagation, play a central role in modern spintronics. Gaining its control will satisfy the different needs of various spintronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate that the surface oxidized Cu (CuO$_\text{x}$) can be employed for the tunability of magnetization dynamics of ferromagnet (FM)/heavy metal (HM) bilayer system. The capping CuO$_\text{x}$ layer in CoFeB/W/CuO$_\text{x}$ trilayer reduces the magnetic damping value in comparison with the CoFeB/W bilayer. The magnetic damping even becomes lower than that of the CoFeB/CuO$_\text{x}$ by ~ 16% inferring the stabilization of anti-damping phenomena. Further, the reduction in damping is accompanied by a very small reduction in the spin pumping-induced output DC voltage in the CoFeB/W/CuO$_\text{x}$ trilayer. The simultaneous observation of anti-damping and spin-to-charge conversion can be attributed to the orbital Rashba effect observed at the HM/CuO$_\text{x}$ interface. Our experimental findings illustrate that the cost-effective CuO$_\text{x}$ can be employed as an integral part of modern spintronics devices owing to its rich underneath spin-orbital physics.
2401.14708v1
2024-02-08
The stability analysis based on viscous theory of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells
The linear instability of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells is investigated with consideration of the viscosity of fluids after gap-averaging the governing equations due to the damping from two lateral walls and the dynamic behavior of contact angle. A new hydrodynamic model is thus derived and solved semi-analytically. The contribution of viscosity to critical acceleration amplitude is slight compared to other factors associated with dissipation, and the potential flow theory is sufficient to describe onset based on the present study, but the rotational component of velocity can change the timing of onset largely, which paradoxically comes from the viscosity. The model degenerates into a novel damped Mathieu equation if the viscosity is dropped with two damping terms referring to the gap-averaged damping and dissipation from dynamic contact angle, respectively. The former increases when the gap size decreases, and the latter grows as frequency rises. When it comes to the dispersion relation of Faraday waves, an unusual detuning emerges due to the imaginary part of the gap-averaged damping.
2402.05505v2
2024-04-08
Stability Enhancement of LCL-Type Grid-Following Inverters Using Capacitor Voltage Active Damping
An LCL filter offers superior attenuation for high-frequency harmonics for three-phase grid-following inverters compared to LC and L filters. However, it also introduces an inherent resonance peak, which can lead to power quality issues or even instability of the inverter control system. Active damping (AD) is widely employed to effectively mitigate this resonance. Capacitor voltage feedback (CVF) and capacitor current feedback (CCF) are effective AD methods for LCL resonance damping. CVF is preferred due to its lower sensor requirement compared to CCF. However, a derivative term appears in the active damping loop, which introduces high-frequency noise into the system. This paper proposes a noise-immune approach by replacing the derivative term with a discrete function suitable for digital implementation. The LCL resonance can be damped effectively, resulting in enhanced stability of the inverter control system. Simulation results verify the proposed effectiveness of the method with grid inductance variation and weak grid conditions
2404.05640v1
2024-04-10
Chemical Interface Damping by Electrochemical Gold Oxidation
Chemical interface damping is a change in the effective collision frequency of conduction band electrons in metal originating from a chemical change of the metal interface. In this work, we present in-situ ellipsometric measurements that reveal the chemical interface damping effect from electrochemical oxidation of single crystal and polycrystalline gold films. We observe an increase in collision frequency of up to 21 meV for single-crystalline gold. To compare to results obtained with thiols and metal-oxides on gold nanoparticles, we normalize the collision frequency by the electron mean free path to the surface of the structure. We show that electrochemical gold oxidation provides a stronger effect on collision frequency than these coatings. Similar ellipsometric experiments have previously been conducted to investigate the optical properties of gold oxide, but without taking chemical interface damping into account. The change in reflection from oxidation of gold was solely attributed to the oxide coating. We also show that the chemical interface damping effect saturates at a larger effective oxide thickness, which is attributed to the stabilization of the gold-oxide interface.
2404.06799v1
1996-09-10
The Damping Tail of CMB Anisotropies
By decomposing the damping tail of CMB anisotropies into a series of transfer functions representing individual physical effects, we provide ingredients that will aid in the reconstruction of the cosmological model from small-scale CMB anisotropy data. We accurately calibrate the model-independent effects of diffusion and reionization damping which provide potentially the most robust information on the background cosmology. Removing these effects, we uncover model-dependent processes such as the acoustic peak modulation and gravitational enhancement that can help distinguish between alternate models of structure formation and provide windows into the evolution of fluctuations at various stages in their growth.
9609079v1
1997-09-16
Lyman-alpha emission as a tool to study high redshift damped systems
We report a quantitative study of the escape of Lyman-alpha photons from an inhomogeneous optically thick medium that mimics the structure of damped Lyman-alpha absorbers. Modeling the optically thick disk with 3 components (massive stars and HII regions, dust, and neutral hydrogen), we study the resulting emission line profile that may arise near the extended damped absorption profile.
9709150v1
1997-10-17
The chemical evolution of galaxies causing damped Ly$α$ absorption
We have compiled all available data on chemical abundances in damped Lyman alpha absorption systems for comparison with results from our combined chemical and spectrophotometric galaxy evolution models. Preliminary results from chemically consistent calculations are in agreement with observations of damped Ly$\alpha$ systems.
9710193v1
1998-01-26
Are Damped Lyman alpha Systems Rotating Disks ?
We report on high spectral resolution observations of five damped Lyman alpha systems whose line velocity profiles and abundances are analyzed. By combining these data with information from the literature, we study the kinematics of the low and high ionization phases of damped systems and discuss the possibility that part of the motions is due to rotation.
9801243v1
2001-10-29
Damping of inhomogeneities in neutralino dark matter
The lightest supersymmetric particle, most likely the neutralino, might account for a large fraction of dark matter in the Universe. We show that the primordial spectrum of density fluctuations in neutralino cold dark matter (CDM) has a sharp cut-off due to two damping mechanisms: collisional damping during the kinetic decoupling of the neutralinos at O(10 MeV) and free streaming after last scattering of neutralinos. The cut-off in the primordial spectrum defines a minimal mass for CDM objects in hierarchical structure formation. For typical neutralino and sfermion masses the first gravitationally bound neutralino clouds have masses above 10^(-6) M_\odot.
0110601v1
2002-08-03
Adiabatic Index of Dense Matter and Damping of Neutron Star Pulsations
The adiabatic index Gamma_1 for perturbations of dense matter is studied under various physical conditions which can prevail in neutron star cores. The dependence of Gamma_1 on the composition of matter (in particular, on the presence of hyperons), on the stellar pulsation amplitude, and on the baryon superfluidity is analyzed. Timescales of damping of stellar pulsations are estimated at different compositions, temperatures, and pulsation amplitudes. Damping of pulsations by bulk viscosity in the neutron-star cores can prevent the stars to pulsate with relative amplitudes > (1-15)% (depending on the composition of matter).
0208078v1
2003-01-07
Damping of Neutron Star Shear Modes by Superfluid Friction
The forced motion of superfluid vortices in shear oscillations of rotating solid neutron star matter produces damping of the mode. A simple model of the unpinning and repinning processes is described, with numerical calculations of the consequent energy decay times. These are of the order of 1 s or more for typical anomalous X-ray pulsars but become very short for the general population of radio pulsars. The superfluid friction processes considered here may also be significant for the damping of r-modes in rapidly rotating neutron stars.
0301112v1
2005-04-25
Radiative Effect on Particle Acceleration via Relativistic Electromagnetic Expansion
The radiation damping effect on the diamagnetic relativistic pulse accelerator (DRPA) is studied in two-and-half dimensional Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation with magnetized electron-positron plasmas. Self-consistently solved radiation damping force converts particle energy to radiation energy. The DRPA is still robust with radiation, and the Lorentz factor of the most high energy particles reach more than two thousand before they decouple from the electromagnetic pulse. Resulted emitted power from the pulse front is lower in the radiative case than the estimation from the non-radiative case due to the radiation damping. The emitted radiation is strongly linearly polarized and peaked within few degrees from the direction of Poynting flux.
0504561v1
1999-05-06
Collective and chaotic motion in self-bound many-body systems
We investigate the interplay of collective and chaotic motion in a classical self-bound N-body system with two-body interactions. This system displays a hierarchy of three well separated time scales that govern the onset of chaos, damping of collective motion and equilibration. Comparison with a mean-field problem shows that damping is mainly due to dephasing. The Lyapunov exponent, damping and equilibration rates depend mildly on the system size N.
9905007v2
1997-05-12
Damping of Oscillations in Layer-by-Layer Growth
We present a theory for the damping of layer-by-layer growth oscillations in molecular beam epitaxy. The surface becomes rough on distances larger than a layer coherence length which is substantially larger than the diffusion length. The damping time can be calculated by a comparison of the competing roughening and smoothening mechanisms. The dependence on the growth conditions, temperature and deposition rate, is characterized by a power law. The theoretical results are confirmed by computer simulations.
9705100v1
1999-09-17
Thermoelastic Damping in Micro- and Nano-Mechanical Systems
The importance of thermoelastic damping as a fundamental dissipation mechanism for small-scale mechanical resonators is evaluated in light of recent efforts to design high-Q micrometer- and nanometer-scale electro-mechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). The equations of linear thermoelasticity are used to give a simple derivation for thermoelastic damping of small flexural vibrations in thin beams. It is shown that Zener's well-known approximation by a Lorentzian with a single thermal relaxation time slightly deviates from the exact expression.
9909271v1
2000-10-01
Super-Radiance and the Unstable Photon Oscillator
If the damping of a simple harmonic oscillator from a thermally random force is sufficiently strong, then the oscillator may become unstable. For a photon oscillator (radiatively damped by electric dipole moments), the instability leads to a low temperature Hepp-Lieb-Preparata super-radiant phase transition. The stable oscillator regime is described by the free energy of the conventional Casimir effect. The unstable (strongly damped) oscillator has a free energy corresponding to Dicke super-radiance.
0010013v1
2001-08-07
Non-damped Acoustic Plasmon and Superconductivity in Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes
We show that non-damped acoustic plasmons exist in single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and propose that the non-damped acoustic plasmons may mediate electron-electron attraction and result in superconductivity in the SWCNT. The superconducting transition temperature Tc for the SWCNT (3,3) obtained by this mechanism agrees with the recent experimental result (Z. K. Tang et al, Science 292, 2462(2001)). We also show that it is possible to get higher Tc up to 99 K by doping the SWCNT (5,5).
0108124v2
2001-10-11
Enhanced Gilbert Damping in Thin Ferromagnetic Films
Using a scattering matrix approach, the precession of the magnetization of a ferromagnet is shown to transfer spins into adjacent normal metal layers. This ``pumping'' of spins slows down the precession corresponding to an enhanced Gilbert damping factor in the Landau-Lifshitz equation. The damping is expressed in terms of the scattering matrix of the ferromagnet-normal metal interface, which is accessible to model and first-principles calculations. Our estimates for permalloy thin films explain the trends observed in recent experiments.
0110247v2
2001-12-16
The Damping of the Bose-Condensate Oscillations in a Trap at Zero Temperature
We discuss an existence of the damping for the radial condensate oscillations in a cylindric trap at zero temperature. The damping is a result of the parametric resonance leading to energy transfer from the coherent condensate oscillations to the longitudinal sound waves within a finite frequency interval. The parametric resonance is due to the oscillations of the sound velocity. The triggering amplitudes at zero temperature are associated with the zero-point oscillations.
0112292v1
2002-02-11
Radiation Induced Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Damping in Ferromagnets
The Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping coefficient employed in the analysis of spin wave ferromagnetic resonance is related to the electrical conductivity of the sample. The changing magnetization (with time) radiates electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic energy is then absorbed by the sample and the resulting heating effect describes magnetic dissipative damping. The ferromagnetic resonance relaxation rate theoretically depends on the geometry (shape and size) of the sample as well as temperature in agreement with experiment.
0202181v1
2002-06-13
Beliaev damping of quasi-particles in a Bose-Einstein condensate
We report a measurement of the suppression of collisions of quasi-particles with ground state atoms within a Bose-Einstein condensate at low momentum. These collisions correspond to Beliaev damping of the excitations, in the previously unexplored regime of the continuous quasi-particle energy spectrum. We use a hydrodynamic simulation of the expansion dynamics, with the Beliaev damping cross-section, in order to confirm the assumptions of our analysis.
0206234v1
2002-06-28
Accidental suppression of Landau damping of the transverse breathing mode in elongated Bose-Einstein condensates
We study transverse radial oscillations of an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate using finite temperature simulations, in the context of a recent experiment at ENS. We demonstrate the existence of a mode corresponding to an in-phase collective oscillation of both the condensate and thermal cloud. Excitation of this mode accounts for the very small damping rate observed experimentally, and we find excellent quantitative agreement between experiment and theory. In contrast to other condensate modes, interatomic collisions are found to be the dominant damping mechanism in this case.
0206582v1
2004-04-19
Nonlinear response of superparamagnets with finite damping: an analytical approach
The strongly damping-dependent nonlinear dynamical response of classical superparamagnets is investigated by means of an analytical approach. Using rigorous balance equations for the spin occupation numbers a simple approximate expression is derived for the nonlinear susceptibility. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from the exact (continued-fraction) solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. The formula obtained could be of assistance in the modelling of the experimental data and the determination of the damping coefficient in superparamagnets.
0404445v1
2004-09-24
Minimal field requirement in precessional magnetization switching
We investigate the minimal field strength in precessional magnetization switching using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in under-critically damped systems. It is shown that precessional switching occurs when localized trajectories in phase space become unlocalized upon application of field pulses. By studying the evolution of the phase space, we obtain the analytical expression of the critical switching field in the limit of small damping for a magnetic object with biaxial anisotropy. We also calculate the switching times for the zero damping situation. We show that applying field along the medium axis is good for both small field and fast switching times.
0409671v1
2005-03-03
Collapse of thermal activation in moderately damped Josephson junctions
We study switching current statistics in different moderately damped Josephson junctions: a paradoxical collapse of the thermal activation with increasing temperature is reported and explained by interplay of two conflicting consequences of thermal fluctuations, which can both assist in premature escape and help in retrapping back into the stationary state. We analyze the influence of dissipation on the thermal escape by tuning the damping parameter with a gate voltage, magnetic field, temperature and an in-situ capacitor.
0503067v1
2006-01-10
Voltage dependence of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping of a spin in a current driven tunnel junction
We present a theory of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert damping $\alpha$ for a localized spin ${\vec S}$ in the junction coupled to the conduction electrons in both leads under an applied volatege $V$. We find the voltage dependence of the damping term reflecting the energy dependence of the density of states. We find the effect is linear in the voltage and cotrolled by particle-hole asymmetry of the leads.
0601185v1
2006-03-13
Universal features of the defect-induced damping of lattice vibrations
It is shown that any defect gives an Ohmic contribution to the damping of any normal mode of the crystal lattice with nonzero wavevector which does not vanish at zero temperature. This explains the large phason damping observed at low temperatures in incommensurate phases, and might be a key factor to understand the linear-in-$T$ specific heat observed in a number of real dielectrics at low enough temperatures.
0603343v2
2006-04-25
Spin Precession and Avalanches
In many magnetic materials, spin dynamics at short times are dominated by precessional motion as damping is relatively small. In the limit of no damping and no thermal noise, we show that for a large enough initial instability, an avalanche can transition to an ergodic phase where the state is equivalent to one at finite temperature, often above that for ferromagnetic ordering. This dynamical nucleation phenomenon is analyzed theoretically. For small finite damping the high temperature growth front becomes spread out over a large region. The implications for real materials are discussed.
0604563v1
2007-02-11
Non-Markovian coherence dynamics of driven spin boson model: damped quantum beat or large amplitude coherence oscillation
The dynamics of driven spin boson model is studied analytically by means of the perturbation approach based on a unitary transformation. We gave the analytical expression for the population difference and coherence of the two level system. The results show that in the weak driven case, the population difference present damped coherent oscillation (single or double frequency) and the frequencies depend on the initial state. The coherence exhibit damped oscillation with Rabi frequency. When driven field is strong enough, the population difference exhibit undamped large-amplitude coherent oscillation. The results easily return to the two extreme cases without dissipation or without periodic driven.
0702268v1
2005-05-10
Highly Damped Quasinormal Modes of Generic Single Horizon Black Holes
We calculate analytically the highly damped quasinormal mode spectra of generic single-horizon black holes using the rigorous WKB techniques of Andersson and Howls\cite{Andersson}. We thereby provide a firm foundation for previous analysis, and point out some of their possible limitations. The numerical coefficient in the real part of the highly damped frequency is generically determined by the behavior of coupling of the perturbation to the gravitational field near the origin, as expressed in tortoise coordinates. This fact makes it difficult to understand how the famous $ln(3)$ could be related to the quantum gravitational microstates near the horizon.
0505044v1
2006-05-01
Stability and quasinormal modes of the massive scalar field around Kerr black holes
We find quasinormal spectrum of the massive scalar field in the background of the Kerr black holes. We show that all found modes are damped under the quasinormal modes boundary conditions when $\mu M$ is not large, thereby implying stability of the massive scalar field. This complements the region of stability determined by the Beyer inequality for large masses of the field. We show that, similar to the case of a non-rotating black holes, the massive term of the scalar field does not contribute in the regime of high damping. Thereby, the high damping asymptotic should be the same as for the massless scalar field.
0605013v1
1993-02-09
Damping rates for moving particles in hot QCD
Using a program of perturbative resummation I compute the damping rates for fields at nonzero spatial momentum to leading order in weak coupling in hot $QCD$. Sum rules for spectral densities are used to simplify the calculations. For massless fields the damping rate has an apparent logarithmic divergence in the infrared limit, which is cut off by the screening of static magnetic fields (``magnetic mass''). This demonstrates how at high temperature even perturbative quantities are sensitive to nonperturbative phenomenon.
9302242v1
1994-04-21
Is \lq\lq Heavy Quark Damping Rate Puzzle'' in Hot QCD Really the Puzzle?
Within the framework of perturbative resummation scheme of Pisarski and Braaten, the decay- or damping-rate of a moving heavy quark (muon) to leading order in weak coupling in hot QCD (QED) is examined. Although, as is well known, the conventionally-defined damping rate diverges logarithmically at the infrared limit, shown is that no such divergence appears in the physically measurable decay rate. The cancellation occurs between the contribution from the \lq\lq real'' decay diagram and the contribution from the diagrams with \lq\lq thermal radiative correction''.
9404318v1
1996-01-12
Damping Rate of a Scalar Particle in Hot Scalar QED
In contrast to the damping of partons in a quark-gluon plasma, the damping of a scalar particle in a hot scalar QED plasma can be calculated to leading order for the whole momentum range using the Braaten-Pisarski method. In this way the evolution of the logarithmic infrared singularity caused by the exchange of a transverse photon from soft to hard momenta can be studied.
9601254v1
1996-09-17
Damping Rate of Quasiparticles in Degenerate Ultrarelativistic Plasmas
We compute the damping rate of a fermion in a dense relativistic plasma at zero temperature. Just above the Fermi sea, the damping rate is dominated by the exchange of soft magnetic photons (or gluons in QCD) and is proportional to $(E-\mu)$, where E is the fermion energy and $\mu$ the chemical potential. We also compute the contribution of soft electric photons and of hard photons. As in the nonrelativistic case, the contribution of longitudinal photons is proportional to $(E-\mu)^2$, and is thus non leading in the relativistic case.
9609369v1
1997-05-28
Classical Statistical Mechanics and Landau Damping
We study the retarded response function in scalar $\phi^4$-theory at finite temperature. We find that in the high-temperature limit the imaginary part of the self-energy is given by the classical theory to leading order in the coupling. In particular the plasmon damping rate is a purely classical effect to leading order, as shown by Aarts and Smit. The dominant contribution to Landau damping is given by the propagation of classical fields in a heat bath of non-interacting fields.
9705452v1
1997-12-01
A potential infrared problem with the damping rates for gluons with soft momentum in hot QCD
We calculate the damping rate $\gamma_l$ for longitudinal gluons with zero momentum in finite high temperature QCD and show that some of its contributing terms are infrared divergent. This is in contrast with the expectation that this damping rate is to be equal to the corresponding one $\gamma_t$ for transverse gluons which is known to be finite. Our calculation was motivated by the fact that similar divergent terms occur when we calculated in a previous work $\gamma_t$ to order $ p^2$, p being the momentum of the gluon. After we present our results, we briefly discuss them.
9712210v1
1998-04-21
The Plasmon Damping Rate for T -> T_C
The plasmon damping rate in scalar field theory is computed close to the critical temperature. It is shown that the divergent result obtained in perturbation theory is a consequence of neglecting the thermal renormalization of the coupling. Taking this effect into account, a vanishing damping rate is obtained, leading to the critical slowing down of the equilibration process.
9804351v2
1998-10-06
Self-consistent Study on Color Transport in the Quark Gluon Plasma at Finite Chemical Potential
We calculate the relaxation time self-consistently to study the damping of collective color modes and the color conductivity in a QGP by deriving self-consistent equations for the damping rates of gluons and quarks to leading order QCD by TFD including a chemical potential for quarks. We show that the damping rates are not sensitive to the chemical potential whereas color conductivity is enhanced considerably.
9810256v1
1999-02-19
The problem of nonlinear Landau damping in quark-gluon plasma
On the basis of the semiclassical equations for quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and Yang-Mills equation, the generalized kinetic equation for waves with regard to its interaction is obtained. The physical mechanisms defining nonlinear scattering of a plasmon by QGP particles are analysed. The problem on a connection of nonlinear Landau damping rate of longitudinal oscillation with damping rate, obtained on the basis of hard thermal loops approximation, is considered.
9902397v2
1999-07-21
A Slavnov-Taylor identity and equality of damping rates for static transverse and longitudinal gluons in hot QCD
A Slavnov-Taylor identity is derived for the gluon polarization tensor in hot QCD. We evaluate its implications for damping of gluonic modes in the plasma. Applying the identity to next to the leading order in hard-thermal-loop resummed perturbation theory, we derive the expected equality of damping rates for static transverse and longitudinal (soft) gluons. This is of interest also in view of deviating recent reports of $\gamma_t(p=0)\neq\gamma_l(p=0)$ based on a direct calculation of $\gamma_l(p=0)$.
9907439v1
2000-09-15
Fermion Damping Rate Effects in Cold Dense Matter
We review the non-Fermi or marginal liquid behavior of a relativistic QED plasma. In this medium a quasiparticle has a damping rate that depends linearly on the distance between its energy and the Fermi surface. We stress that this dependence is due to the long-range character of the magnetic interactions in the medium. Finally, we study how the quark damping rate modifies the gap equation of color superconductivity, reducing the value of the gap at the Fermi surface.
0009182v1
2001-07-19
Photon Damping Caused by Electron-Positron Pair Production in a Strong Magnetic Field
Damping of an electromagnetic wave in a strong magnetic field is analyzed in the kinematic region near the threshold of electron-positron pair production. Damping of the electromagnetic field is shown to be noticeably nonexponential in this region. The resulting width of the photon $\gamma \to e^+ e^-$ decay is considerably smaller than previously known results.
0107217v1