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2014-02-26
Comparison of methods for numerical calculation of continuum damping
Continuum resonance damping is an important factor in determining the stability of certain global modes in fusion plasmas. A number of analytic and numerical approaches have been developed to compute this damping, particularly in the case of the toroidicity-induced shear Alfv\'en eigenmode. This paper compares results obtained using an analytical perturbative approach with those found using resistive and complex contour numerical approaches. It is found that the perturbative method does not provide accurate agreement with reliable numerical methods for the range of parameters examined. This discrepancy exists even in the limit where damping approaches zero. When the perturbative technique is implemented using a standard finite element method, the damping estimate fails to converge with radial grid resolution. The finite elements used cannot accurately represent the eigenmode in the region of the continuum resonance, regardless of the number of radial grid points used.
1402.6389v1
2014-05-16
Quantum corrections to nonlinear ion acoustic wave with Landau damping
Quantum corrections to nonlinear ion acoustic wave with Landau damping have been computed using Wigner equation approach. The dynamical equation governing the time development of nonlinear ion acoustic wave with semiclassical quantum corrections is shown to have the form of higher KdV equation which has higher order nonlinear terms coming from quantum corrections, with the usual classical and quantum corrected Landau damping integral terms. The conservation of total number of ions is shown from the evolution equation. The decay rate of KdV solitary wave amplitude due to presence of Landau damping terms has been calculated assuming the Landau damping parameter $\alpha_1 = \sqrt{{m_e}/{m_i}}$ to be of the same order of the quantum parameter $Q = {\hbar^2}/({24 m^2 c^2_{s} L^2})$. The amplitude is shown to decay very slowly with time as determined by the quantum factor $ Q$.
1405.4107v1
2014-05-19
Mesh Size and Damped Edge Effects in Micromagnetic Spin Wave Simulation
We have studied the dependence of spin wave dispersion on the characteristics of the mesh used in a finite element micromagnetic simulation. It is shown that the dispersion curve has a cut off at a frequency which is analytically predictable. The frequency depends on the average mesh length used for the simulation. Based on this, a recipe to effectively obtain the dispersion relation has been suggested. In a separate study, spin wave reflections are absorbed by introducing highly damped edges in the device. However, an abrupt change in the damping parameter causes reflections. We compare damping profiles and identify an exponential damping profile as causing significantly less reflections.
1405.4615v2
2014-07-08
Fourier-Hermite spectral representation for the Vlasov-Poisson system in the weakly collisional limit
We study Landau damping in the 1+1D Vlasov-Poisson system using a Fourier-Hermite spectral representation. We describe the propagation of free energy in phase space using forwards and backwards propagating Hermite modes recently developed for gyrokinetics [Schekochihin et al. (2014)]. The change in the electric field corresponds to the net Hermite flux via a free energy evolution equation. In linear Landau damping, decay in the electric field corresponds to forward propagating Hermite modes; in nonlinear damping, the initial decay is followed by a growth phase characterised by the generation of backwards propagating Hermite modes by the nonlinear term. The free energy content of the backwards propagating modes increases exponentially until balancing that of the forward propagating modes. Thereafter there is no systematic net Hermite flux, so the electric field cannot decay and the nonlinearity effectively suppresses Landau damping. These simulations are performed using the fully-spectral 5D gyrokinetics code SpectroGK [Parker et al. 2014], modified to solve the 1+1D Vlasov-Poisson system. This captures Landau damping via an iterated L\'enard-Bernstein collision operator or via Hou-Li filtering in velocity space. Therefore the code is applicable even in regimes where phase-mixing and filamentation are dominant.
1407.1932v1
2014-08-15
Linear hyperbolic equations with time-dependent propagation speed and strong damping
We consider a second order linear equation with a time-dependent coefficient c(t) in front of the "elastic" operator. For these equations it is well-known that a higher space-regularity of initial data compensates a lower time-regularity of c(t). In this paper we investigate the influence of a strong dissipation, namely a friction term which depends on a power of the elastic operator. What we discover is a threshold effect. When the exponent of the elastic operator in the friction term is greater than 1/2, the damping prevails and the equation behaves as if the coefficient c(t) were constant. When the exponent is less than 1/2, the time-regularity of c(t) comes into play. If c(t) is regular enough, once again the damping prevails. On the contrary, when c(t) is not regular enough the damping might be ineffective, and there are examples in which the dissipative equation behaves as the non-dissipative one. As expected, the stronger is the damping, the lower is the time-regularity threshold. We also provide counterexamples showing the optimality of our results.
1408.3499v1
2014-08-14
Particle Dynamics in Damped Nonlinear Quadrupole Ion Traps
We examine the motions of particles in quadrupole ion traps as a function of damping and trapping forces, including cases where nonlinear damping or nonlinearities in the electric field geometry play significant roles. In the absence of nonlinearities, particles are either damped to the trap center or ejected, while their addition brings about a rich spectrum of stable closed particle trajectories. In three-dimensional (3D) quadrupole traps, the extended orbits are typically confined to the trap axis, and for this case we present a 1D analysis of the relevant equation of motion. We follow this with an analysis of 2D quadrupole traps that frequently show diamond-shaped closed orbits. For both the 1D and 2D cases we present experimental observations of the calculated trajectories in microparticle ion traps. We also report the discovery of a new collective behavior in damped 2D microparticle ion traps, where particles spontaneously assemble into a remarkable knot of overlapping, corotating diamond orbits, self-stabilized by air currents arising from the particle motion.
1409.6262v1
2015-01-03
Finite-Parameters Feedback Control for Stabilizing Damped Nonlinear Wave Equations
In this paper we introduce a finite-parameters feedback control algorithm for stabilizing solutions of various classes of damped nonlinear wave equations. Specifically, stabilization the zero steady state solution of initial boundary value problems for nonlinear weakly and strongly damped wave equations, nonlinear wave equation with nonlinear damping term and some related nonlinear wave equations, introducing a feedback control terms that employ parameters, such as, finitely many Fourier modes, finitely many volume elements and finitely many nodal observables and controllers. In addition, we also establish the stabilization of the zero steady state solution to initial boundary value problem for the damped nonlinear wave equation with a controller acting in a proper subdomain. Notably, the feedback controllers proposed here can be equally applied for stabilizing other solutions of the underlying equations.
1501.00556v1
2015-06-26
A Universal Damping Mechanism of Quantum Vibrations in Deep Sub-Barrier Fusion Reactions
We demonstrate the damping of quantum octupole vibrations near the touching point when two colliding nuclei approach each other in the mass-asymmetric $^{208}$Pb + $^{16}$O system, for which the strong fusion hindrance was clearly observed. We, for the first time, apply the random-phase approximation method to the heavy-mass asymmetric di-nuclear system to calculate the transition strength $B$(E3) as a function of the center-of-mass distance. The obtained $B$(E3) strengths are substantially damped near the touching point, because the single-particle wave functions of the two nuclei strongly mix with each other and a neck is formed. The energy-weighted sums of $B$(E3) are also strongly correlated with the damping factor which is phenomenologically introduced in the standard coupled-channel calculations to reproduce the fusion hindrance. This strongly indicates that the damping of the quantum vibrations universally occurs in the deep sub-barrier fusion reactions.
1506.07963v1
2015-07-28
Phenomenology of chiral damping in noncentrosymmetric magnets
A phenomenology of magnetic chiral damping is proposed in the context of magnetic materials lacking inversion symmetry breaking. We show that the magnetic damping tensor adopts a general form that accounts for a component linear in magnetization gradient in the form of Lifshitz invariants. We propose different microscopic mechanisms that can produce such a damping in ferromagnetic metals, among which spin pumping in the presence of anomalous Hall effect and an effective "$s$-$d$" Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya antisymmetric exchange. The implication of this chiral damping in terms of domain wall motion is investigated in the flow and creep regimes. These predictions have major importance in the context of field- and current-driven texture motion in noncentrosymmetric (ferro-, ferri-, antiferro-)magnets, not limited to metals.
1507.07762v1
2015-08-06
Phenomenological description of the nonlocal magnetization relaxation in magnonics, spintronics, and domain-wall dynamics
A phenomenological equation called Landau-Lifshitz-Baryakhtar (LLBar) equation, which could be viewed as the combination of Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation and an extra "exchange damping" term, was derived by Baryakhtar using Onsager's relations. We interpret the origin of this "exchange damping" as nonlocal damping by linking it to the spin current pumping. The LLBar equation is investigated numerically and analytically for the spin wave decay and domain wall motion. Our results show that the lifetime and propagation length of short-wavelength magnons in the presence of nonlocal damping could be much smaller than those given by LL equation. Furthermore, we find that both the domain wall mobility and the Walker breakdown field are strongly influenced by the nonlocal damping.
1508.01478v1
2016-01-05
Vlasov Simulations of Electron-Ion Collision Effects on Damping of Electron Plasma Waves
Collisional effects can play an essential role in the dynamics of plasma waves by setting a minimum damping rate and by interfering with wave-particle resonances. Kinetic simulations of the effects of electron-ion pitch angle scattering on Electron Plasma Waves (EPWs) are presented here. In particular, the effects of such collisions on the frequency and damping of small-amplitude EPWs for a range of collision rates and wave phase velocities are computed and compared with theory. Both the Vlasov simulations and linear kinetic theory find the direct contribution of electron-ion collisions to wave damping is about a factor of two smaller than is obtained from linearized fluid theory. To our knowledge, this simple result has not been published before. Simulations have been carried out using a grid-based (Vlasov) approach, based on a high-order conservative finite difference method for discretizing the Fokker-Planck equation describing the evolution of the electron distribution function. Details of the implementation of the collision operator within this framework are presented. Such a grid-based approach, which is not subject to numerical noise, is of particular interest for the accurate measurements of the wave damping rates.
1601.01002v1
2016-02-13
The effect of orbital damping during planet migration on the Inclination and Eccentricity Distributions of Neptune Trojans
We explore planetary migration scenarios for formation of high inclination Neptune Trojans (NTs) and how they are affected by the planetary migration of Neptune and Uranus. If Neptune and Uranus's eccentricity and inclination were damped during planetary migration, then their eccentricities and inclinations were higher prior and during migration than their current values. Using test particle integrations we study the stability of primordial NTs, objects that were initially Trojans with Neptune prior to migration. We also study Trans-Neptunian objects captured into resonance with Neptune and becoming NTs during planet migration. We find that most primordial NTs were unstable and lost if eccentricity and inclination damping took place during planetary migration. With damping, secular resonances with Neptune can increase a low eccentricity and inclination population of Trans-Neptunian objects increasing the probability that they are captured into 1:1 resonance with Neptune, becoming high inclination NTs. We suggest that the resonant trapping scenario is a promising and more effective mechanism explaining the origin of NTs that is particularly effective if Uranus and Neptune experienced eccentricity and inclination damping during planetary migration.
1602.04303v1
2016-03-08
Damping of the Higgs and Nambu-Goldstone modes of superfluid Bose gases at finite temperatures
We study collective modes of superfluid Bose gases in optical lattices at commensurate fillings. We focus on the vicinity of the quantum phase transition to the Mott insulator, where there exists the Higgs amplitude mode in addition to the Nambu-Goldstone phase mode associated with the spontaneous U(1) symmetry breaking. We analyze finite-temperature effects on the damping of the collective modes by using an effective spin-1 model and the field theoretical methods based on the finite-temperature Green's function. We calculate the damping rates up to 1-loop order and evaluate them analytically and numerically. We show that the damping rate of the Higgs mode increases with increasing the temperature but it remains underdamped up to a typical temperature achieved in experiments. Moreover, we find that the Nambu-Goldstone mode attenuates via a Landau damping process resulting from interactions with the Higgs mode and it can be overdamped at the typical temperature in a certain parameter region.
1603.02395v1
2016-04-12
Offline software for the DAMPE experiment
A software system has been developed for the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) mission, a satellite-based experiment. The DAMPE software is mainly written in C++ and steered using Python script. This article presents an overview of the DAMPE offline software, including the major architecture design and specific implementation for simulation, calibration and reconstruction. The whole system has been successfully applied to DAMPE data analysis, based on which some results from simulation and beam test experiments are obtained and presented.
1604.03219v6
2016-04-18
Stabilization of Damped Waves on Spheres and Zoll Surfaces of Revolution
We study the strong stabilization of wave equations on some sphere-like manifolds, with rough damping terms which do not satisfy the geometric control condition posed by Rauch-Taylor and Bardos-Lebeau-Rauch. We begin with an unpublished result of G. Lebeau, which states that on S^d , the indicator function of the upper hemisphere strongly stabilizes the damped wave equation, even though the equators, which are geodesics contained in the boundary of the upper hemisphere, do not enter the damping region. Then we extend this result on dimension 2, to Zoll surfaces of revolution, whose geometry is similar to that of S^2 . In particular, geometric objects such as the equator, and the hemi-surfaces are well defined. Our result states that the indicator function of the upper hemi-surface strongly stabilizes the damped wave equation, even though the equator, as a geodesic, does not enter the upper hemi-surface either.
1604.05218v2
2016-07-25
Damping of parametrically excited magnons in the presence of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect
The impact of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) on the magnon damping in magnetic-insulator/nonmagnetic-metal bilayers was recently discussed in several reports. However, results of those experiments can be blurred by multimode excitation within the measured linewidth. In order to avoid possible intermodal interference, we investigated the damping of a single magnon group in a platinum covered Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) film by measurement of the threshold of its parametric excitation. Both dipolar and exchange spin-wave branches were probed. It turned out that the LSSE-related modification of spin-wave damping in a micrometer-thick YIG film is too weak to be observed in the entire range of experimentally accessible wavevectors. At the same time, the change in the mean temperature of the YIG layer, which can appear by applying a temperature gradient, strongly modifies the damping value.
1607.07274v1
2016-07-27
Frequency dispersion of small-amplitude capillary waves in viscous fluids
This work presents a detailed study of the dispersion of capillary waves with small amplitude in viscous fluids using an analytically derived solution to the initial value problem of a small-amplitude capillary wave as well as direct numerical simulation. A rational parametrization for the dispersion of capillary waves in the underdamped regime is proposed, including predictions for the wavenumber of critical damping based on a harmonic oscillator model. The scaling resulting from this parametrization leads to a self-similar solution of the frequency dispersion of capillary waves that covers the entire underdamped regime, which allows an accurate evaluation of the frequency at a given wavenumber, irrespective of the fluid properties. This similarity also reveals characteristic features of capillary waves, for instance that critical damping occurs when the characteristic timescales of dispersive and dissipative mechanisms are balanced. In addition, the presented results suggest that the widely adopted hydrodynamic theory for damped capillary waves does not accurately predict the dispersion when viscous damping is significant and a new definition of the damping rate, which provides consistent accuracy in the underdamped regime, is presented.
1607.08266v1
2016-10-18
On the stability of the Bresse system with frictional damping
In this paper, we consider the Bresse system with frictional damping terms and prove some optimal decay results for the $L^2$-norm of the solution and its higher order derivatives. In fact, if we consider just one damping term acting on the second equation of the solution, we show that the solution does not decay at all. On the other hand, by considering one damping term alone acting on the third equation, we show that this damping term is strong enough to stabilize the whole system. In this case, we found a completely new stability number that depends on the parameters in the system. In addition, we prove the optimality of the results by using eigenvalues expansions. Our obtained results have been proved under some assumptions on the wave speeds of the three equations in the Bresse system.
1610.05500v2
2017-01-12
Blow-up for semilinear wave equations with the scale invariant damping and super-Fujita exponent
The blow-up for semilinear wave equations with the scale invariant damping has been well-studied for sub-Fujita exponent. However, for super-Fujita exponent, there is only one blow-up result which is obtained in 2014 by Wakasugi in the case of non-effective damping. In this paper we extend his result in two aspects by showing that: (I) the blow-up will happen for bigger exponent, which is closely related to the Strauss exponent, the critical number for non-damped semilinear wave equations; (II) such a blow-up result is established for a wider range of the constant than the known non-effective one in the damping term.
1701.03232v3
2017-02-17
Transition of multi-diffusive states in a biased periodic potential
We study a frequency-dependent damping model of hyper-diffusion within the generalized Langevin equation. The model allows for the colored noise defined by its spectral density, assumed to be proportional to $\omega^{\delta-1}$ at low frequencies with $0<\delta<1$ (sub-Ohmic damping) or $1<\delta<2$ (super-Ohmic damping), where the frequency-dependent damping is deduced from the noise by means of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. It is shown that for super-Ohmic damping and certain parameters, the diffusive process of the particle in a titled periodic potential undergos sequentially four time-regimes: thermalization, hyper-diffusion, collapse and asymptotical restoration. For analysing transition phenomenon of multi-diffusive states, we demonstrate that the first exist time of the particle escaping from the locked state into the running state abides by an exponential distribution. The concept of equivalent velocity trap is introduced in the present model, moreover, reformation of ballistic diffusive system is also considered as a marginal situation, however there does not exhibit the collapsed state of diffusion.
1702.05370v1
2017-09-27
Wave turbulence in vibrating plates : the effect of damping
The effect of damping in the wave turbulence regime for thin vibrating plates is studied. An experimental method, allowing measurements of dissipation in the system at all scales, is first introduced. Practical experimental devices for increasing the dissipation are used. The main observable consequence of increasing the damping is a significant modification in the slope of the power spectral density, so that the observed power laws are not in a pure inertial regime. However, the system still displays a turbulent behavior with a cut-off frequency that is determined by the injected power which does not depend on damping. By using the measured damping power-law in numerical simulations, similar conclusions are drawn out.
1709.09438v1
2017-11-02
Vibration Damping of Carbon Nanotube Assembly Materials
Vibration reduction is of great importance in various engineering applications, and a material that exhibits good vibration damping along with high strength and modulus has become more and more vital. Owing to the superior mechanical property of carbon nanotube (CNT), new types of vibration damping material can be developed. This paper presents recent advancements, including our progresses, in the development of high-damping macroscopic CNT assembly materials, such as forests, gels, films, and fibers. In these assemblies, structural deformation of CNTs, zipping and unzipping at CNT connection nodes, strengthening and welding of the nodes, and sliding between CNTs or CNT bundles are playing important roles in determining the viscoelasticity, and elasticity as well. Towards the damping enhancement, strategies for micro-structure and interface design are also discussed.
1711.00623v1
2017-12-05
Dark Matter Annihilation from Nearby Ultra-compact Micro Halos to Explain the Tentative Excess at ~1.4 TeV in DAMPE data
The tentative 1.4 TeV excess in the $e^+e^-$ spectrum measured by The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) motivates the possible existence of one or more local dark matter concentrated regions. In particular, Ultra-compact Micro Halos (UCMHs) seeded by large density perturbations in the early universe, allocated within ~0.3 kpc from the solar system, could provide the potential source of electrons and positrons produced from dark matter annihilation, enough to explain the DAMPE signal. Here we consider a UCMH with density profile assuming radial in-fall and explore the preferred halo parameters to explain the 1.4 TeV "DAMPE excess". We find that typical parameter space of UCMHs can easily explain the "DAMPE excess" with usual thermal-averaged annihilation cross section of WIMP. The fraction of dark matter stored in such UCMHs in the Galactic-scale halo can be reduced to as small as $O(10^{-5})$, well within the current cosmological and astrophysical constraints.
1712.01724v2
2017-12-21
A new charge reconstruction algorithm for the DAMPE silicon microstrip detector
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is one of the four satellites within the Strategic Pioneer Research Program in Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS). The Silicon-Tungsten Tracker (STK), which is composed of 768 singled-sided silicon microstrip detectors, is one of the four subdetectors in DAMPE, providing track reconstruction and charge identification for relativistic charged particles. The charge response of DAMPE silicon microstrip detectors is complicated, depending on the incident angle and impact position. A new charge reconstruction algorithm for the DAMPE silicon microstrip detector is introduced in this paper. This algorithm can correct the complicated charge response, and was proved applicable by the ion test beam.
1712.08011v1
2018-01-23
The dominancy of damping like torque for the current induced magnetization switching in Pt/Co/W multilayers
Two classes of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) mechanisms have been considered as candidate sources for the spin orbit torque (SOT): the spin Hall Effect (SHE) in heavy metals with strong SOC and the Rashba effect arising from broken inversion symmetry at material surfaces and interfaces. In this work, we have investigated the SOT in perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/W films, which is compared with the results in Pt/Co/AlOx films. Theoretically, in the case of the asymmetric structure of trilayers with opposite sign of spin Hall angle, both damping like torque and field like torque due to the SHE and the Rashba effect will be enhanced. Using the harmonic measurements, we have characterized the effective fields corresponding to the damping like torque and the field like torque, but we have found the dominancy of damping like torque in the Pt/Co/W films. It is much different from the results in the Pt/Co/AlOx films, in which both the damping like torque and the field like torque are strong.
1801.07408v1
2018-02-20
The damped wave equation with unbounded damping
We analyze new phenomena arising in linear damped wave equations on unbounded domains when the damping is allowed to become unbounded at infinity. We prove the generation of a contraction semigroup, study the relation between the spectra of the semigroup generator and the associated quadratic operator function, the convergence of non-real eigenvalues in the asymptotic regime of diverging damping on a subdomain, and we investigate the appearance of essential spectrum on the negative real axis. We further show that the presence of the latter prevents exponential estimates for the semigroup and turns out to be a robust effect that cannot be easily canceled by adding a positive potential. These analytic results are illustrated by examples.
1802.07026v1
2018-04-06
Exponential Integrators Preserving Local Conservation Laws of PDEs with Time-Dependent Damping/Driving Forces
Structure-preserving algorithms for solving conservative PDEs with added linear dissipation are generalized to systems with time-dependent damping/driving terms. This study is motivated by several PDE models of physical phenomena, such as Korteweg-de Vries, Klein-Gordon, Schr\"{o}dinger, and Camassa-Holm equations, all with damping/driving terms and time-dependent coefficients. Since key features of the PDEs under consideration are described by local conservation laws, which are independent of the boundary conditions, the proposed (second-order in time) discretizations are developed with the intent of preserving those local conservation laws. The methods are respectively applied to a damped-driven nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation and a damped Camassa-Holm equation. Numerical experiments illustrate the structure-preserving properties of the methods, as well as favorable results over other competitive schemes.
1804.02266v1
2018-05-29
Enhancing precision of damping rate by PT symmetric Hamiltonian
We utilize quantum Fisher information to investigate the damping parameter precision of a dissipative qubit. PT symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is used to enhance the parameter precision in two models: one is direct PT symmetric quantum feedback; the other is that the damping rate is encoded into a effective PT symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonian conditioned on the absence of decay events. We find that compared with the case without feedback and with Hermitian quantum feedback, direct PT symmetric non-Hermitan quantum feedback can obtain better precision of damping rate. And in the second model the result shows that the uncertainty of damping rate can be close to 0 at the exceptional point. We also obtain that non-maximal multiparticle entanglement can improve the precision to reach Heisenberg limit.
1805.11216v1
2018-05-31
Damping Effect on PageRank Distribution
This work extends the personalized PageRank model invented by Brin and Page to a family of PageRank models with various damping schemes. The goal with increased model variety is to capture or recognize a larger number of types of network activities, phenomena and propagation patterns. The response in PageRank distribution to variation in damping mechanism is then characterized analytically, and further estimated quantitatively on 6 large real-world link graphs. The study leads to new observation and empirical findings. It is found that the difference in the pattern of PageRank vector responding to parameter variation by each model among the 6 graphs is relatively smaller than the difference among 3 particular models used in the study on each of the graphs. This suggests the utility of model variety for differentiating network activities and propagation patterns. The quantitative analysis of the damping mechanisms over multiple damping models and parameters is facilitated by a highly efficient algorithm, which calculates all PageRank vectors at once via a commonly shared, spectrally invariant subspace. The spectral space is found to be of low dimension for each of the real-world graphs.
1806.00127v1
2018-08-10
Relativistic charge solitons created due to nonlinear Landau damping: A candidate for explaining coherent radio emission in pulsars
A potential resolution for the generation of coherent radio emission in pulsar plasma is the existence of relativistic charge solitons, which are solutions of nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation (NLSE). In an earlier study, Melikidze et al. (2000) investigated the nature of these charge solitons; however, their analysis ignored the effect of nonlinear Landau damping, which is inherent in the derivation of the NLSE in the pulsar pair plasma. In this paper we include the effect of nonlinear Landau damping and obtain solutions of the NLSE by applying a suitable numerical scheme. We find that for reasonable parameters of the cubic nonlinearity and nonlinear Landau damping, soliton-like intense pulses emerge from an initial disordered state of Langmuir waves and subsequently propagate stably over sufficiently long times, during which they are capable of exciting the coherent curvature radiation in pulsars. We emphasize that this emergence of {\em stable} intense solitons from a disordered state does not occur in a purely cubic NLSE; thus, it is {\em caused} by the nonlinear Landau damping.
1808.03657v1
2018-11-21
Super Damping of Mechanical Vibrations
We report the phenomenon of coherent super decay, where a linear sum of several damped oscillators can collectively decay much faster than the individual ones in the first stage, followed by stagnating ones after more than 90 percent of the energy has already been dissipated. The parameters of the damped oscillators for CSD are determined by the process of response function decomposition, which is to use several slow decay response functions to approximate the response function of a fast decay reference resonator. Evidence established in experiments and in finite element simulations not only strongly supported the numerical investigations, but also uncovered an unexplored region of the tuned mass damper parameter space where TMDs with total mass less than 0.2 percent of a primary free body can damp its first resonance up to a damping ratio of 4.6 percent. Our findings also shed light onto the intriguing underline connections between complex functions with different singular points.
1811.08621v2
2018-11-29
Flowing fibers as a proxy of turbulence statistics
The flapping states of a flexible fiber fully coupled to a three-dimensional turbulent flow are investigated via state-of-the-art numerical methods. Two distinct flapping regimes are predicted by the phenomenological theory recently proposed by Rosti et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 044501, 2018]: the under-damped regime, where the elasticity strongly affects the fiber dynamics, and the over-damped regime, where the elastic effects are strongly inhibited. In both cases we can identify a critical value of the bending rigidity of the fiber by a resonance condition, which further provides a distinction between different flapping behaviors, especially in the under-damped case. We validate the theory by means of direct numerical simulations and find that, both for the over-damped regime and for the under-damped one, fibers are effectively slaved to the turbulent fluctuations and can therefore be used as a proxy to measure various two-point statistics of turbulence. Finally, we show that this holds true also in the case of a passive fiber, without any feedback force on the fluid.
1811.12023v2
2018-11-29
The Lugiato-Lefever equation with nonlinear damping caused by two photon absorption
In this paper we investigate the effect of nonlinear damping on the Lugiato-Lefever equation $$ \i \partial_t a = -(\i-\zeta) a - da_{xx} -(1+\i\kappa)|a|^2a +\i f $$ on the torus or the real line. For the case of the torus it is shown that for small nonlinear damping $\kappa>0$ stationary spatially periodic solutions exist on branches that bifurcate from constant solutions whereas all nonconstant solutions disappear when the damping parameter $\kappa$ exceeds a critical value. These results apply both for normal ($d<0$) and anomalous ($d>0$) dispersion. For the case of the real line we show by the Implicit Function Theorem that for small nonlinear damping $\kappa>0$ and large detuning $\zeta\gg 1$ and large forcing $f\gg 1$ strongly localized, bright solitary stationary solutions exists in the case of anomalous dispersion $d>0$. These results are achieved by using techniques from bifurcation and continuation theory and by proving a convergence result for solutions of the time-dependent Lugiato-Lefever equation.
1811.12200v3
2018-11-26
Linear Theory of Electron-Plasma Waves at Arbitrary Collisionality
The dynamics of electron-plasma waves are described at arbitrary collisionality by considering the full Coulomb collision operator. The description is based on a Hermite-Laguerre decomposition of the velocity dependence of the electron distribution function. The damping rate, frequency, and eigenmode spectrum of electron-plasma waves are found as functions of the collision frequency and wavelength. A comparison is made between the collisionless Landau damping limit, the Lenard-Bernstein and Dougherty collision operators, and the electron-ion collision operator, finding large deviations in the damping rates and eigenmode spectra. A purely damped entropy mode, characteristic of a plasma where pitch-angle scattering effects are dominant with respect to collisionless effects, is shown to emerge numerically, and its dispersion relation is analytically derived. It is shown that such a mode is absent when simplified collision operators are used, and that like-particle collisions strongly influence the damping rate of the entropy mode.
1811.12855v2
2019-01-17
Influences of interfacial oxidization on surface magnetic energy, magnetic damping and spin-orbit-torques in Pt / ferromagnet / capping structures
We investigate the effect of capping layer (CAP) on the interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy density (K_S), magnetic damping ({\alpha}), and spin-orbit torques (SOTs) in heavy-metal (Pt) / ferromagnet (Co or Py) / CAP (MgO/Ta, HfOx, or TaN). At room temperature (RT) the CAP materials influence the effective magnitude of K_S, which is associated with a formation of interfacial magnetic oxides. The dynamical dissipation parameters of Co are considerably influenced by the CAP (especially MgO) while those of Py are not. This is possibly due to an extra magnetic damping via spin-pumping process across the Co/CoO interface and incoherent magnon generation (spin fluctuation) in the interfacial CoO. It is also observed that both anti-damping and field-like SOT efficiencies vary marginally with the CAP in the thickness ranges we examined. Our results reveal the crucial role of interfacial oxides on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, magnetic damping, and SOTs.
1901.05777v1
2019-05-31
The amplitude of solar p-mode oscillations from three-dimensional convection simulations
The amplitude of solar p-mode oscillations is governed by stochastic excitation and mode damping, both of which take place in the surface convection zone. However, the time-dependent, turbulent nature of convection makes it difficult to self-consistently study excitation and damping processes through the use of traditional one-dimensional hydrostatic models. To this end, we carried out \textit{ab initio} three-dimensional, hydrodynamical numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere to investigate how p-modes are driven and dissipated in the Sun. The description of surface convection in the simulations is free from the tuneable parameters typically adopted in traditional one-dimensional models. Mode excitation and damping rates are computed based on analytical expressions whose ingredients are evaluated directly from the three-dimensional model. With excitation and damping rates both available, we estimate the theoretical oscillation amplitude and frequency of maximum power, $\nu_{\max}$, for the Sun. We compare our numerical results with helioseismic observations, finding encouraging agreement between the two. The numerical method presented here provides a novel way to investigate the physical processes responsible for mode driving and damping, and should be valid for all solar-type oscillating stars.
1905.13397v2
2019-10-03
Many-body collision contributions to electron momentum damping rates in a plasma influenced by electron strong coupling
Experimental studies of electron-ion collision rates in an ultracold neutral plasma (UNP) can be conducted through measuring the rate of electron plasma oscillation damping. For sufficiently cold and dense conditions where strong coupling influences are important, the measured damping rate was faster by 37\% than theoretical expectations [W. Chen, C. Witte, and J. Roberts, Phys. Rev. E \textbf{96}, 013203 (2017)]. We have conducted a series of numerical simulations to isolate the primary source of this difference. By analyzing the distribution of electron velocity changes due to collisions in a molecular dynamics simulation, examining the trajectory of electrons with high deflection angle in such simulations, and examining the oscillation damping rate while varying the ratio of two-body to three-body electron-ion collision rates, we have found that the difference is consistent with the effect due to many-body collisions leading to bound electrons. This has implications for other electron-ion collision related transport properties in addition to electron oscillation damping.
1910.01707v1
2019-10-18
Escape of a forced-damped particle from weakly nonlinear truncated potential well
Escape from a potential well is an extreme example of transient behavior. We consider the escape of the harmonically forced particle under viscous damping from the benchmark truncated weakly nonlinear potential well. Main attention is paid to most interesting case of primary 1:1 resonance. The treatment is based on multiple-scales analysis and exploration of the slow-flow dynamics. Contrary to Hamiltonian case described in earlier works, in the case with damping the slow-flow equations are not integrable. However, if the damping is small enough, it is possible to analyze the perturbed slow-flow equations. The effect of the damping on the escape threshold is evaluated in the explicit analytic form. Somewhat unexpectedly, the escape mechanisms in terms of the slow flow are substantially different for the linear and weakly nonlinear cases.
1910.08545v1
2019-10-24
Topological damping Rashba spin orbit torque in ballistic magnetic domain walls
Rashba spin orbit torque derived from the broken inversion symmetry at ferromagnet/heavy metal interfaces has potential application in spintronic devices. In conventional description of the precessional and damping components of the Rashba spin orbit torque in magnetization textures, the decomposition coefficients are assumed to be independent of the topology of the underlying structure. Contrary to this common wisdom, for Schr\"{o}dinger electrons trespassing ballistically across a magnetic domain wall, we found that the decomposition coefficient of the damping component is determined by the topology of the domain wall. The resultant damping Rashba spin orbit torque is protected by the topology of the underlying magnetic domain wall and robust against small deviations from the ideal domain wall profile. Our identification of a topological damping Rashba spin orbit torque component in magnetic domain walls will help to understand experiments on current driven domain wall motion in ferromagnet/heavy metal systems with broken inversion symmetry and to facilitate its utilization in innovative device designs.
1910.10977v2
2019-11-13
Dipole oscillations of fermionic superfluids along the BEC-BCS crossover in disordered potentials
We investigate dipole oscillations of ultracold Fermi gases along the BEC-BCS crossover through disordered potentials. We observe a disorder-induced damping of oscillations as well as a change of the fundamental Kohn-mode frequency. The measurement results are compared to numerical density matrix renormalization group calculations as well as to a three-dimensional simulation of non-interacting fermions. Experimentally, we find a disorder-dependent damping, which grows approximately with the second power of the disorder strength. Moreover, we observe experimentally a change of oscillation frequency which deviates from the expected behavior of a damped harmonic oscillator on a percent level. While this behavior is qualitatively expected from the theoretical models used, quantitatively the experimental observations show a significantly stronger effect than predicted by theory. Furthermore, while the frequency shift seems to scale differently with interaction strength in the BEC versus BCS regime, the damping coefficient apparently decreases with the strength of interaction, but not with the sign, which changes for BEC and BCS type Fermi gases. This is surprising, as the dominant damping mechanisms are expected to be different in the two regimes.
1911.05638v1
2020-02-07
Model of damping and anisotropy at elevated temperatures: application to granular FePt films
Understanding the damping mechanism in finite size systems and its dependence on temperature is a critical step in the development of magnetic nanotechnologies. In this work, nano-sized materials are modeled via atomistic spin dynamics, the damping parameter being extracted from Ferromagnetic Resonance (FMR) simulations applied for FePt systems, generally used for heat-assisted magnetic recording media (HAMR). We find that the damping increases rapidly close to Tc and the effect is enhanced with decreasing system size, which is ascribed to scattering at the grain boundaries. Additionally, FMR methods provide the temperature dependence of both damping and the anisotropy, important for the development of HAMR. Semi-analytical calculations show that, in the presence of a grain size distribution, the FMR linewidth can decrease close to the Curie temperature due to a loss of inhomogeneous line broadening. Although FePt has been used in this study, the results presented in the current work are general and valid for any ferromagnetic material.
2002.02865v1
2020-04-06
Damping-like Torque in Monolayer 1T-TaS$_2$
A damping-like spin orbit torque (SOT) is a prerequisite for ultralow power spin logic devices. Here, we report on the damping-like SOT in just one monolayer of the conducting transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) TaS$_2$ interfaced with a NiFe (Py) ferromagnetic layer. The charge-spin conversion efficiency is found to be 0.25$\pm$0.03 and the spin Hall conductivity (2.63 $\times$ 10$^5$ $\frac{\hbar}{2e}$ $\Omega^{-1}$ m$^{-1}$) is found to be superior to values reported for other TMDs. The origin of this large damping-like SOT can be found in the interfacial properties of the TaS$_2$/Py heterostructure, and the experimental findings are complemented by the results from density functional theory calculations. The dominance of damping-like torque demonstrated in our study provides a promising path for designing next generation conducting TMD based low-powered quantum memory devices.
2004.02649v1
2020-05-15
Calibration and performance of the neutron detector onboard of the DAMPE mission
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), one of the four space-based scientific missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has been successfully launched on Dec. 17th 2015 from Jiuquan launch center. One of the most important scientific goals of DAMPE is to search for the evidence of dark matter indirectly by measuring the spectrum of high energy cosmic-ray electrons. The neutron detector, one of the four sub-payloads of DAMPE, is designed to distinguish high energy electrons from hadron background by measuring the secondary neutrons produced in the shower. In this paper, a comprehensive introduction of the neutron detector is presented, including the design, the calibration and the performance. The analysis with simulated data and flight data indicates a powerful proton rejection capability of the neutron detector, which plays an essential role for TeV electron identification of DAMPE.
2005.07828v1
2020-05-16
Simultaneous observation of anti-damping and inverse spin Hall effect in La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$/Pt bilayer system
Manganites have shown potential in spintronics because they exhibit high spin polarization. Here, by ferromagnetic resonance we have studied the damping properties of La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$/Pt bilayers which are prepared by oxide molecular beam epitaxy. The damping coefficient ($\alpha$) of La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_{3}$ (LSMO) single layer is found to be 0.0104. However the LSMO/Pt bilayers exhibit decrease in $\alpha$ with increase in Pt thickness. This decrease in the value of $\alpha$ is probably due to high anti-damping like torque. Further, we have investigated the angle dependent inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) to quantify the spin pumping voltage from other spin rectification effects such as anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance. We have observed high spin pumping voltage ($\sim$~20 $ \mu V$). The results indicate that both anti-damping and spin pumping phenomena are occuring simultaneously.
2005.07848v3
2020-07-16
Linearized wave-damping structure of Vlasov-Poisson in $\mathbb R^3$
In this paper we study the linearized Vlasov-Poisson equation for localized disturbances of an infinite, homogeneous Maxwellian background distribution in $\mathbb R^3_x \times \mathbb R^3_v$. In contrast with the confined case $\mathbb T^d _x \times \mathbb R_v ^d$, or the unconfined case $\mathbb R^d_x \times \mathbb R^d_v$ with screening, the dynamics of the disturbance are not scattering towards free transport as $t \to \pm \infty$: we show that the electric field decomposes into a very weakly-damped Klein-Gordon-type evolution for long waves and a Landau-damped evolution. The Klein-Gordon-type waves solve, to leading order, the compressible Euler-Poisson equations linearized about a constant density state, despite the fact that our model is collisionless, i.e. there is no trend to local or global thermalization of the distribution function in strong topologies. We prove dispersive estimates on the Klein-Gordon part of the dynamics. The Landau damping part of the electric field decays faster than free transport at low frequencies and damps as in the confined case at high frequencies; in fact, it decays at the same rate as in the screened case. As such, neither contribution to the electric field behaves as in the vacuum case.
2007.08580v1
2020-07-25
Using a Lindbladian approach to model decoherence in two coupled nuclear spins via correlated phase-damping and amplitude damping noise channels
In this work, we studied the relaxation dynamics of coherences of different order present in a system of two coupled nuclear spins. We used a previously designed model for intrinsic noise present in such systems which considers the Lindblad master equation for Markovian relaxation. We experimentally created zero-, single- and double- quantum coherences in several two-spin systems and performed a complete state tomography and computed state fidelity. We experimentally measured the decay of zero- and double- quantum coherences in these systems. The experimental data fitted well to a model that considers the main noise channels to be a correlated phase damping channel acting simultaneously on both spins in conjunction with a generalized amplitude damping channel acting independently on both spins. The differential relaxation of multiple-quantum coherences can be ascribed to the action of a correlated phase damping channel acting simultaneously on both the spins.
2007.12972v1
2020-09-29
The effects of nonlinear damping on degenerate parametric amplification
This paper considers the dynamic response of a single degree of freedom system with nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping that is subjected to both resonant direct excitation and resonant parametric excitation, with a general phase between the two. This generalizes and expands on previous studies of nonlinear effects on parametric amplification, notably by including the effects of nonlinear damping, which is commonly observed in a large variety of systems, including micro- and nano-scale resonators. Using the method of averaging, a thorough parameter study is carried out that describes the effects of the amplitudes and relative phase of the two forms of excitation. The effects of nonlinear damping on the parametric gain are first derived. The transitions among various topological forms of the frequency response curves, which can include isolae, dual peaks, and loops, are determined, and bifurcation analyses in parameter spaces of interest are carried out. In general, these results provide a complete picture of the system response and allow one to select drive conditions of interest that avoid bistability while providing maximum amplitude gain, maximum phase sensitivity, or a flat resonant peak, in systems with nonlinear damping.
2009.14284v2
2020-11-10
Damped oscillators within the general theory of Casimir and van der Waals forces
It is demonstrated that the general theory of Casimir and van der Waals forces describes the interaction-induced equilibrium thermodynamic potentials of the damped harmonic oscillator bilinearly coupled to the environment. An extended model for a damped oscillator is suggested along the lines of the general theory of Casimir and van der Waals forces, and the corresponding thermodynamic quantities obtained. While the original model involves a heat bath consisting of a large number of free oscillators having infinitesimal damping functions, the extended model allows any generally admissible frequency and temperature dependent dissipative susceptibilities of the heat bath constituents, influenced by the additional dissipative environmental channels that are not directly linked to the system oscillator. Consequently, the results obtained are applicable to the frequency and temperature dependent damping function of the system oscillator.
2011.04960v2
2020-11-16
Technology to Counter Online Flaming Based on the Frequency-Dependent Damping Coefficient in the Oscillation Model
Online social networks, which are remarkably active, often experience explosive user dynamics such as online flaming, which can significantly impact the real world. However, countermeasures based on social analyses of the individuals causing flaming are too slow to be effective because of the rapidity with which the influence of online user dynamics propagates. A countermeasure technology for the flaming phenomena based on the oscillation model, which describes online user dynamics, has been proposed; it is an immediate solution as it does not depend on social analyses of individuals. Conventional countermeasures based on the oscillation model assume that the damping coefficient is a constant regardless of the eigenfrequency. This assumption is, however, problematic as the damping coefficients are, in general, inherently frequency-dependent; the theory underlying the dependence is being elucidated. This paper discusses a design method that uses the damping coefficient to prevent flaming under general conditions considering the frequency-dependence of the damping coefficient and proposes a countermeasure technology for the flaming phenomena.
2011.08117v1
2021-01-03
The effect of flow on resonant absorption of slow MHD waves in magnetic flux tubes
In this paper, we study kink and sausage oscillations in the presence of longitudinal background flow. We study resonant absorption of the kink and sausage modes in the slow continuum under magnetic pore conditions in the presence of flow. we determine the dispersion relation then solve it numerically, and find the frequencies and damping rates of the slow kink and sausage surface modes. We also, obtain analytical solution for the damping rate of the slow surface mode in the long wavelength limit. We show that in the presence of plasma flow, resonance absorption can result in strong damping for forward waves and can be considered as an efficient mechanism to justify the extremely rapid damping of slow surface sausage waves observed in magnetic pores. Also, the plasma flow reduces the efficiency of resonance absorption to damp backward waves. Furthermore, for the pore conditions, the resonance instability is avoided in our model.
2101.02064v1
2021-02-01
Blow-up and lifespan estimates for a damped wave equation in the Einstein-de Sitter spacetime with nonlinearity of derivative type
In this article, we investigate the blow-up for local solutions to a semilinear wave equation in the generalized Einstein - de Sitter spacetime with nonlinearity of derivative type. More precisely, we consider a semilinear damped wave equation with a time-dependent and not summable speed of propagation and with a time-dependent coefficient for the linear damping term with critical decay rate. We prove in this work that the results obtained in a previous work, where the damping coefficient takes two particular values $0$ or $2$, can be extended for any positive damping coefficient. In the blow-up case, the upper bound of the exponent of the nonlinear term is given, and the lifespan estimate of the global existence time is derived as well.
2102.01137v2
2021-02-02
Analysis of Lower Hybrid Drift Waves in Kappa Distributions over Solar Atmosphere
Kappa distributions and with loss cone features have been frequently observed with flares emissions with the signatures of Lower hybrid waves. We have analysed the plasma with Kappa distributions and with loss cone features for the drift wave instabilities in perpendicular propagation for Large flare and Normal flare and Coronal condition . While analysing the growth/damping rate, we understand that the growth of propagation of EM waves increases with kappa distribution index for all the three cases. In comparing the propagation large flare shows lesser growth in compared with the normal and the coronal plasmas. When added the loss cone features to Kappa distributions, we find that the damping of EM wave propagation takes place. The damping rate EM waves is increases with perpendicular temperature and loss cone index l, in all the three cases but damping is very high for large flare and then normal in comparision with coronal condition. This shows that the lower hybrid damping may be the source of coronal heating.
2102.01323v1
2021-02-25
Regularity and stability of the semigroup associated with some interacting elastic systems I: A degenerate damping case
In this paper, we examine regularity and stability issues for two damped abstract elastic systems. The damping involves the average velocity and a fractional power $\theta$, with $\theta$ in $[-1,1]$, of the principal operator. The matrix operator defining the damping mechanism for the coupled system is degenerate. First, we prove that for $\theta$ in $(1/2,1]$, the underlying semigroup is not analytic, but is differentiable for $\theta$ in $(0,1)$; this is in sharp contrast with known results for a single similarly damped elastic system, where the semigroup is analytic for $\theta$ in $[1/2,1]$; this shows that the degeneracy dominates the dynamics of the interacting systems, preventing analyticity in that range. Next, we show that for $\theta$ in $(0,1/2]$, the semigroup is of certain Gevrey classes. Finally, we show that the semigroup decays exponentially for $\theta$ in $[0,1]$, and polynomially for $\theta$ in $[-1,0)$. To prove our results, we use the frequency domain method, which relies on resolvent estimates. Optimality of our resolvent estimates is also established. Several examples of application are provided.
2102.13217v4
2021-03-05
Existence and congruence of global attractors for damped and forced integrable and nonintegrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations
We study two damped and forced discrete nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations on the one-dimensional infinite lattice. Without damping and forcing they are represented by the integrable Ablowitz-Ladik equation (AL) featuring non-local cubic nonlinear terms, and its standard (nonintegrable) counterpart with local cubic nonlinear terms (DNLS). The global existence of a unique solution to the initial value problem for both, the damped and forced AL and DNLS, is proven. It is further shown that for sufficiently close initial data, their corresponding solutions stay close for all times. Concerning the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions to the damped and forced AL and DNLS, for the former a sufficient condition for the existence of a restricted global attractor is established while it is shown that the latter possesses a global attractor. Finally, we prove the congruence of the restricted global AL attractor and the DNLS attractor for dynamics ensuing from initial data contained in an appropriate bounded subset in a Banach space.
2103.03533v1
2021-05-17
Dissipation of Oscillation Energy and Distribution of Damping Power in a Multimachine Power System: A Small-signal Analysis
This paper revisits the concept of damping torque in a multimachine power system and its relation to the dissipation of oscillation energy in synchronous machine windings. As a multimachine extension of an existing result on a single-machine-infinite-bus (SMIB) system, we show that the total damping power for a mode stemming from the interaction of electromagnetic torques and rotor speeds is equal to the sum of average power dissipations in the generator windings corresponding to the modal oscillation. Further, counter-intuitive to the SMIB result, we demonstrate that, although the equality holds on an aggregate, such is not the case for individual machines in an interconnected system. To that end, distribution factors are derived for expressing the average damping power of each generator as a linear combination of average powers of modal energy dissipation in the windings of all machines in the system. These factors represent the distribution of damping power in a multimachine system. The results are validated on IEEE 4-machine and 16-machine test systems.
2105.07618v2
2021-06-04
Imaging spin-wave damping underneath metals using electron spins in diamond
Spin waves in magnetic insulators are low-damping signal carriers that could enable a new generation of spintronic devices. The excitation, control, and detection of spin waves by metal electrodes is crucial for interfacing these devices to electrical circuits. It is therefore important to understand metal-induced damping of spin-wave transport, but characterizing this process requires access to the underlying magnetic films. Here we show that spins in diamond enable imaging of spin waves that propagate underneath metals in magnetic insulators, and then use this capability to reveal a 100-fold increase in spin-wave damping. By analyzing spin-wave-induced currents in the metal, we derive an effective damping parameter that matches these observations well. We furthermore detect buried scattering centers, highlighting the technique's power for assessing spintronic device quality. Our results open new avenues for studying metal - spin-wave interaction and provide access to interfacial processes such as spin-wave injection via the spin-Hall effect.
2106.02508v2
2021-06-04
Inherent Non-Linear Damping in Resonators with Inertia Amplification
Inertia amplification is a mechanism coupling degrees of freedom within a vibrating structure. Its goal is to achieve an apparent high dynamic mass and, accordingly, a low resonance frequency. Such structures have been described for use in locally resonant metamaterials and phononic crystals to lower the starting frequency of a band gap without adding mass to the system. This study shows that any non-linear kinematic coupling between translational or rotational vibrations leads to the appearance of amplitude-dependent damping. The analytical derivation of the equation of motion of a resonator with inertia amplification creates insight in the damping process, and shows that the vibration damping increases with its amplitude. The theoretical study is validated by experimental evidence from two types of inertia-amplification resonators. Finally, the importance of amplitude-dependent damping is illustrated when the structure is used as a tuned mass damper for a cantilever beam.
2106.02576v2
2021-06-30
On the effect of perturbations in first-order optimization methods with inertia and Hessian driven damping
Second-order continuous-time dissipative dynamical systems with viscous and Hessian driven damping have inspired effective first-order algorithms for solving convex optimization problems. While preserving the fast convergence properties of the Nesterov-type acceleration, the Hessian driven damping makes it possible to significantly attenuate the oscillations. To study the stability of these algorithms with respect to perturbations, we analyze the behaviour of the corresponding continuous systems when the gradient computation is subject to exogenous additive errors. We provide a quantitative analysis of the asymptotic behaviour of two types of systems, those with implicit and explicit Hessian driven damping. We consider convex, strongly convex, and non-smooth objective functions defined on a real Hilbert space and show that, depending on the formulation, different integrability conditions on the perturbations are sufficient to maintain the convergence rates of the systems. We highlight the differences between the implicit and explicit Hessian damping, and in particular point out that the assumptions on the objective and perturbations needed in the implicit case are more stringent than in the explicit case.
2106.16159v2
2021-07-13
A new approach to the quantization of the damped harmonic oscillator
In this paper, a new approach for constructing Lagrangians for driven and undriven linearly damped systems is proposed, by introducing a redefined time coordinate and an associated coordinate transformation to ensure that the resulting Lagrangian satisfies the Helmholtz conditions. The approach is applied to canonically quantize the damped harmonic oscillator and although it predicts an energy spectrum that decays at the same rate to previous models, unlike those approaches it recovers the classical critical damping condition, which determines transitions between energy eigenstates, and is therefore consistent with the correspondence principle. It is also demonstrated how to apply the procedure to a driven damped harmonic oscillator.
2107.05827v3
2021-10-26
Theory of sound attenuation in amorphous solids from nonaffine motions
We present a theoretical derivation of acoustic phonon damping in amorphous solids based on the nonaffine response formalism for the viscoelasticity of amorphous solids. The analytical theory takes into account the nonaffine displacements in transverse waves and is able to predict both the ubiquitous low-energy diffusive damping $\sim k^{2}$, as well as a novel contribution to the Rayleigh damping $\sim k^{4}$ at higher wavevectors and the crossover between the two regimes observed experimentally. The coefficient of the diffusive term is proportional to the microscopic viscous (Langevin-type) damping in particle motion (which arises from anharmonicity), and to the nonaffine correction to the static shear modulus, whereas the Rayleigh damping emerges in the limit of low anharmonicity, consistent with previous observations and macroscopic models. Importantly, the $k^4$ Rayleigh contribution derived here does not arise from harmonic disorder or elastic heterogeneity effects and it is the dominant mechanism for sound attenuation in amorphous solids as recently suggested by molecular simulations.
2110.13446v2
2021-11-21
Energy Transport in 1-Dimensional Oscillator Arrays With Hysteretic Damping
Energy transport in 1-dimensional oscillator arrays has been extensively studied to date in the conservative case, as well as under weak viscous damping. When driven at one end by a sinusoidal force, such arrays are known to exhibit the phenomenon of supratransmission, i.e. a sudden energy surge above a critical driving amplitude. In this paper, we study 1-dimensional oscillator chains in the presence of hysteretic damping, and include nonlinear stiffness forces that are important for many materials at high energies. We first employ Reid's model of local hysteretic damping, and then study a new model of nearest neighbor dependent hysteretic damping to compare their supratransmission and wave packet spreading properties in a deterministic as well as stochastic setting. The results have important quantitative differences, which should be helpful when comparing the merits of the two models in specific engineering applications.
2111.10816v3
2021-12-15
An Innovative Transverse Emittance Cooling Technique using a Laser-Plasma Wiggler
We propose an innovative beam cooling scheme based on laser driven plasma wakefields to address the challenge of high luminosity generation for a future linear collider. For linear colliders, beam cooling is realised by means of damping rings equipped with wiggler magnets and accelerating cavities. This scheme ensures systematic reduction of phase space volume through synchrotron radiation emission whilst compensating for longitudinal momentum loss via an accelerating cavity. In this paper, the concept of a plasma wiggler and its effective model analogous to a magnetic wiggler are introduced; relation of plasma wiggler characteristics with damping properties are demonstrated; underpinning particle-in-cell simulations for laser propagation optimisation are presented. The oscillation of transverse wakefields and resulting sinusoidal probe beam trajectory are numerically demonstrated. The formation of an order of magnitude larger effective wiggler field compared to conventional wigglers is successfully illustrated. Potential damping ring designs on the basis of this novel plasma-based technology are presented and performance in terms of damping times and footprint was compared to an existing conventional damping ring design.
2112.08163v1
2021-12-21
ISS-Based Robustness to Various Neglected Damping Mechanisms for the 1-D Wave PDE
This paper is devoted to the study of the robustness properties of the 1-D wave equation for an elastic vibrating string under four different damping mechanisms that are usually neglected in the study of the wave equation: (i) friction with the surrounding medium of the string (or viscous damping), (ii) thermoelastic phenomena (or thermal damping), (iii) internal friction of the string (or Kelvin-Voigt damping), and (iv) friction at the free end of the string (the so-called passive damper). The passive damper is also the simplest boundary feedback law that guarantees exponential stability for the string. We study robustness with respect to distributed inputs and boundary disturbances in the context of Input-to-State Stability (ISS). By constructing appropriate ISS Lyapunov functionals, we prove the ISS property expressed in various spatial norms.
2112.11287v1
2022-01-20
Derivation of the linear Boltzmann equation from the damped quantum Lorentz gas with a general scatterer configuration
It is a fundamental problem in mathematical physics to derive macroscopic transport equations from microscopic models. In this paper we derive the linear Boltzmann equation in the low-density limit of a damped quantum Lorentz gas for a large class of deterministic and random scatterer configurations. Previously this result was known only for the single-scatterer problem on the flat torus, and for uniformly random scatterer configurations where no damping is required. The damping is critical in establishing convergence -- in the absence of damping the limiting behaviour depends on the exact configuration under consideration, and indeed, the linear Boltzmann equation is not expected to appear for periodic and other highly ordered configurations.
2201.08229v2
2022-01-22
Effect of MagneticField on the Damping Behavior of a Ferrofluid based Damper
This paper is an extension of our earlier work where we had reported a proof of concept for a ferrofluid based damper. The damper used ferrofluid as damping medium and it was seen that damping efficiency of the damper changes on application of magnetic field. The present paper deals with a systematic study of the effect of magnetic field on the damping efficiency of the damper. Results of these studies are reported. It is seen that damping ratio varies linearly with magnetic field ({\zeta} / H = 0.028 per kG) for magnetic field in range of 0.0 to 4.5 kG. It may be mentioned that ferrofluid is different from magnetorheological fluid even though both of them are magnetic field-responsive fluids. The ferrofluid-dampers are better suited than MR Fluid-dampers for their use in automobiles.
2201.09027v1
2022-01-28
Machine learning-based method of calorimeter saturation correction for helium flux analysis with DAMPE experiment
DAMPE is a space-borne experiment for the measurement of the cosmic-ray fluxes at energies up to around 100 TeV per nucleon. At energies above several tens of TeV, the electronics of DAMPE calorimeter would saturate, leaving certain bars with no energy recorded. In the present work we discuss the application of machine learning techniques for the treatment of DAMPE data, to compensate the calorimeter energy lost by saturation.
2201.12185v3
2022-03-10
Accelerated gradient methods combining Tikhonov regularization with geometric damping driven by the Hessian
In a Hilbert setting, for convex differentiable optimization, we consider accelerated gradient dynamics combining Tikhonov regularization with Hessian-driven damping. The Tikhonov regularization parameter is assumed to tend to zero as time tends to infinity, which preserves equilibria. The presence of the Tikhonov regularization term induces a strong convexity property which vanishes asymptotically. To take advantage of the exponential convergence rates attached to the heavy ball method in the strongly convex case, we consider the inertial dynamic where the viscous damping coefficient is taken proportional to the square root of the Tikhonov regularization parameter, and therefore also converges towards zero. Moreover, the dynamic involves a geometric damping which is driven by the Hessian of the function to be minimized, which induces a significant attenuation of the oscillations. Under an appropriate tuning of the parameters, based on Lyapunov's analysis, we show that the trajectories have at the same time several remarkable properties: they provide fast convergence of values, fast convergence of gradients towards zero, and strong convergence to the minimum norm minimizer. This study extends a previous paper by the authors where similar issues were examined but without the presence of Hessian driven damping.
2203.05457v2
2022-04-01
On the Importance of High-Frequency Damping in High-Order Conservative Finite-Difference Schemes for Viscous Fluxes
This paper discusses the importance of high-frequency damping in high-order conservative finite-difference schemes for viscous terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. Investigating nonlinear instability encountered in a high-resolution viscous shock-tube simulation, we have discovered that a modification to the viscous scheme rather than the inviscid scheme resolves a problem with spurious oscillations around shocks. The modification introduces a term responsible for high-frequency damping that is missing in a conservative high-order viscous scheme. The importance of damping has been known for schemes designed for unstructured grids. However, it has not been recognized well in very high-order difference schemes, especially in conservative difference schemes. Here, we discuss how it is easily missed in a conservative scheme and how to improve such schemes by a suitably designed damping term.
2204.00393v1
2022-06-20
Stability and Damping in the Disks of Massive Galaxies
After their initial formation, disk galaxies are observed to be rotationally stable over periods of >6 Gyr, implying that any large velocity disturbances of stars and gas clouds are damped rapidly on the timescale of their rotation. However, it is also known that despite this damping, there must be a degree of random local motion to stabilize the orbits against degenerate collapse. A mechanism for such damping is proposed by a combination of inter-stellar gravitational interactions, and interactions with the Oort clouds and exo-Oort objects associated with each star. Analysis of the gravitational interactions between two stars is a three-body problem, because the stars are also in orbit round the large virtual mass of the galaxy. These mechanisms may produce rapid damping of large perturbations within a time period that is short on the scale of observational look-back time, but long on the scale of the disk rotational period for stars with small perturbations. This mechanism may also account for the locally observed mean perturbations in the Milky Way of 8-15~km/s for younger stars and 20-30~km/s for older stars.
2206.09671v2
2022-08-25
The Effect of Frequency Droop Damping on System Parameters and Battery Sizing During Load Change Condition
Inverter-based resources (IBR) have been widely studied for their advantages on the current power systems. This increase in the penetration of renewable energy has raised some concerns about the stability of the existing grid. Historically, power systems are dominated by synchronous generators that can easily react to system instability due to high inertia and damping characteristics. However, with IBR, the control of the inverter plays a crucial role in contributing to the system stability and enhancing the functionality of the inverters. One of these novel control methods is droop control. Droop characteristics are used to control voltage, frequency, and active and reactive power. This paper presents the impact of frequency droop damping on system frequency, real power, and the rate of change of frequency with distributed energy resources. Also, battery sizing is suggested based on the results. The results also show the need for optimal selection for the frequency droop damping to fulfill the appropriate battery size in terms of cost and performance. The simulations are carried out in an electromagnetic transient program (EMTP)
2208.12291v1
2022-09-15
Superfluid $^4$He as a rigorous test bench for different damping models in nanoelectromechanical resonators
We have used nanoelectromechanical resonators to probe superfluid $^4$He at different temperature regimes, spanning over four orders of magnitude in damping. These regimes are characterized by the mechanisms which provide the dominant contributions to damping and the shift of the resonance frequency: tunneling two level systems at the lowest temperatures, ballistic phonons and rotons at few hundred mK, and laminar drag in the two-fluid regime below the superfluid transition temperature as well as in the normal fluid. Immersing the nanoelectromechanical resonators in fluid increases their effective mass substantially, decreasing their resonance frequency. Dissipationless superflow gives rise to a unique possibility to dramatically change the mechanical resonance frequency in situ, allowing rigorous tests on different damping models in mechanical resonators. We apply this method to characterize tunneling two-level system losses and magnetomotive damping in the devices.
2209.07229v2
2022-11-08
On the injection scale of the turbulence in the partially ionized very local interstellar medium
The cascade of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is subject to ion-neutral collisional damping and neutral viscous damping in the partially ionized interstellar medium. By examining the damping effects in the warm and partially ionized local interstellar medium, we find that the interstellar turbulence is damped by neutral viscosity at $\sim 261$ au and cannot account for the turbulent magnetic fluctuations detected by Voyager 1 and 2. The MHD turbulence measured by Voyager in the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) should be locally injected in the regime where ions are decoupled from neutrals for its cascade to survive the damping effects. With the imposed ion-neutral decoupling condition, and the strong turbulence condition for the observed Kolmogorov magnetic energy spectrum, we find that the turbulence in the VLISM is sub-Alfv\'{e}nic, and its largest possible injection scale is $\sim 194$ au.
2211.04496v1
2022-12-11
The overtone level spacing of a black hole quasinormal frequencies: a fingerprint of a local $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry
The imaginary part of the quasinormal frequencies spectrum for a static and spherically symmetric black hole is analytically known to be equally spaced, both for the highly damped and the weakly damped families of quasinormal modes. Some interesting attempts have been made in the last twenty years to understand in simple ways this level spacing for the only case of highly damped quasinormal frequencies. Here, we show that the overtone level spacing, for both the highly damped and weakly damped families of quasinormal modes, can simply be understood as a fingerprint of a hidden local $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry, near different regions of the black hole spacetime, i.e. the near-horizon and the near-photon sphere regions.
2212.05538v1
2022-12-15
Formation of shifted shock for the 3D compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping
In this paper, we show the shock formation to the compressible Euler equations with time-dependent damping $\frac{a\p u}{(1+t)^{\lam}}$ in three spatial dimensions without any symmetry conditions. It's well-known that for $\lam>1$, the damping is too weak to prevent the shock formation for suitably large data. However, the classical results only showed the finite existence of the solution. Follow the work by D.Christodoulou in\cite{christodoulou2007}, starting from the initial isentropic and irrotational short pulse data, we show the formation of shock is characterized by the collapse of the characteristic hypersurfaces and the vanishing of the inverse foliation density function $\mu$, at which the first derivatives of the velocity and the density blow up, and the lifespan $T_{\ast}(a,\lam)$ is exponentially large. Moreover, the damping effect will shift the time of shock formation $T_{\ast}$. The methods in the paper can also be extended to the Euler equations with general time-decay damping.
2212.07828v1
2023-01-15
Damped-driven system of bouncing droplets leading to deterministic diffusive behavior
Damped-driven systems are ubiquitous in science, however the damping and driving mechanisms are often quite convoluted. This manuscript presents an experimental and theoretical investigation of a fluidic droplet on a vertically vibrating fluid bath as a damped-driven system. We study a fluidic droplet in an annular cavity with the fluid bath forced above the Faraday wave threshold. We model the droplet as a kinematic point particle in air and as inelastic collisions during impact with the bath. In both experiments and the model the droplet is observed to chaotically change velocity with a Gaussian distribution. Finally, the statistical distributions from experiments and theory are analyzed. Incredibly, this simple deterministic interaction of damping and driving of the droplet leads to more complex Brownian-like and Levy-like behavior.
2301.06041v2
2023-03-01
Generation of intraparticle quantum correlations in amplitude damping channel and its robustness
Quantum correlations between two or more different degrees of freedom of the same particle is sometimes referred to as intraparticle entanglement. In this work, we study these intra-particle correlations between two different degrees of freedom under various decoherence channels viz. amplitude damping, depolarising and phase damping channels. We observe a unique feature of the amplitude damping channel, wherein entanglement is shown to arise starting from separable states. In case of non maximally entangled input states, in addition to entanglement sudden death, the creation of entanglement is also observed, having an asymptotic decay over a long time. These counter-intuitive behaviours arise due to the subtle interplay of channel and input state parameters, and are not seen for interparticle entanglement without consideration of non-Markovian noise. It is also not observed for maximally entangled input states. Furthermore, investigation of entanglement evolution in phase damping and depolarizing channels shows its robustness against decoherence as compared to interparticle entanglement.
2303.01238v1
2023-03-16
Quantum Brownian Motion in the Caldeira-Leggett Model with a Damped Environment
We model a quantum system coupled to an environment of damped harmonic oscillators by following the approach of Caldeira-Leggett and adopting the Caldirola-Kanai Lagrangian for the bath oscillators. In deriving the master equation of the quantum system of interest (a particle in a general potential), we show that the potential is modified non-trivially by a new inverted harmonic oscillator term, induced by the damping of the bath oscillators. We analyze numerically the case of a particle in a double-well potential, and find that this modification changes both the rate of decoherence at short times and the well-transfer probability at longer times. We also identify a simple rescaling condition that keeps the potential fixed despite changes in the environmental damping. Here, the increase of environmental damping leads to a slowing of decoherence.
2303.09516v1
2023-03-22
A Numerical Study of Landau Damping with PETSc-PIC
We present a study of the standard plasma physics test, Landau damping, using the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm. The Landau damping phenomenon consists of the damping of small oscillations in plasmas without collisions. In the PIC method, a hybrid discretization is constructed with a grid of finitely supported basis functions to represent the electric, magnetic and/or gravitational fields, and a distribution of delta functions to represent the particle field. Approximations to the dispersion relation are found to be inadequate in accurately calculating values for the electric field frequency and damping rate when parameters of the physical system, such as the plasma frequency or thermal velocity, are varied. We present a full derivation and numerical solution for the dispersion relation, and verify the PETSC-PIC numerical solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson for a large range of wave numbers and charge densities.
2303.12620v1
2023-04-07
Shifted shock formation for the 3D compressible Euler equations with damping and variation of the vorticity
In this paper, we consider the shock formation problem for the 3-dimensional(3D) compressible Euler equations with damping inspired by the work \cite{BSV3Dfulleuler}. It will be shown that for a class of large data, the damping can not prevent the formation of point shock, and the damping effect shifts the shock time and the wave amplitude while the shock location and the blow up direction remain the same with the information of this point shock being computed explicitly. Moreover, the vorticity is concentrated in the non-blow-up direction, which varies exponentially due to the damping effect. Our proof is based on the estimates for the modulated self-similar variables and lower bounds for the Lagrangian trajectories.
2304.03506v2
2023-07-05
Bayesian evidence for two slow-wave damping models in hot coronal loops
We compute the evidence in favour of two models, one based on field-aligned thermal conduction alone and another that includes thermal misbalance as well, in explaining the damping of slow magneto-acoustic waves in hot coronal loops. Our analysis is based on the computation of the marginal likelihood and the Bayes factor for the two damping models. We quantify their merit in explaining the apparent relationship between slow mode periods and damping times, measured with SOHO/SUMER in a set of hot coronal loops. The results indicate evidence in favour of the model with thermal misbalance in the majority of the sample, with a small population of loops for which thermal conduction alone is more plausible. The apparent possibility of two different regimes of slow-wave damping, if due to differences between the loops of host active regions and/or the photospheric dynamics, may help with revealing the coronal heating mechanism.
2307.02439v1
2023-07-24
From characteristic functions to multivariate distribution functions and European option prices by the damped COS method
We provide a unified framework for the computation of the distribution function and the computation of prices of financial options from the characteristic function of some density by the COS method. The classical COS method is numerically very efficient in one-dimension but cannot deal very well with certain financial options in general dimensions. Therefore, we introduce the damped COS method which can handle a large class of integrands very efficiently. We prove the convergence of the (damped) COS method and study its order of convergence. The (damped) COS method converges exponentially if the characteristic function decays exponentially. To apply the (damped) COS method, one has to specify two parameters: a truncation range for the multivariate density and the number of terms to approximate the truncated density by a cosine series. We provide an explicit formula for the truncation range and an implicit formula for the number of terms. Numerical experiments up to five dimensions confirm the theoretical results.
2307.12843v6
2023-07-26
A Nonlinear Damped Metamaterial: Wideband Attenuation with Nonlinear Bandgap and Modal Dissipation
In this paper, we incorporate the effect of nonlinear damping with the concept of locally resonant metamaterials to enable vibration attenuation beyond the conventional bandgap range. The proposed design combines a linear host cantilever beam and periodically distributed inertia amplifiers as nonlinear local resonators. The geometric nonlinearity induced by the inertia amplifiers causes an amplitude-dependent nonlinear damping effect. Through the implementation of both modal superposition and numerical harmonic methods the finite nonlinear metamaterial is accurately modelled. The resulting nonlinear frequency response reveals the bandgap is both amplitude-dependent and broadened. Furthermore, the modal frequencies are also attenuated due to the nonlinear damping effect. The theoretical results are validated experimentally. By embedding the nonlinear damping effect into locally resonant metamaterials, wideband attenuation of the proposed metamaterial is achieved, which opens new possibilities for versatile metamaterials beyond the limit of their linear counterparts.
2307.14165v2
2023-07-28
Premature jump-down mimicks nonlinear damping in nanoresonators
Recent experiments on nano-resonators in a bistable regime use the `jump-down' point between states to infer mechanical properties of the membrane or a load, but often suggest the presence of some nonlinear damping. Motivated by such experiments, we develop a mechanical model of a membrane subject to a uniform, oscillatory load and linear damping. We solve this model numerically and compare its jump-down behaviour with standard asymptotic predictions for a one-dimensional Duffing oscillator with strain stiffening. We show that the axisymmetric, but spatially-varying, problem can be mapped to the Duffing problem with coefficients determined rationally from the model's Partial Differential Equations. However, we also show that jump-down happens earlier than expected (i.e.~at lower frequency, and with a smaller oscillation amplitude). Although this premature jump-down is often interpreted as the signature of a nonlinear damping in experiments, its appearance in numerical simulations with only linear damping suggests instead that indicate that the limitations of asymptotic results may, at least sometimes, be the cause. We therefore suggest that care should be exercised in interpreting the results of nano-resonator experiments.
2307.15656v1
2023-09-22
Long time energy averages and a lower resolvent estimate for damped waves
We consider the damped wave equation on a compact manifold. We propose different ways of measuring decay of the energy (time averages of lower energy levels, decay for frequency localized data...) and exhibit links with resolvent estimates on the imaginary axis. As an application we prove a universal logarithmic lower resolvent bound on the imaginary axis for the damped wave operator when the Geometric Control Condition (GCC) is not satisfied. This is to be compared to the uniform boundedness of the resolvent on that set when GCC holds. The proofs rely on (i) various (re-)formulations of the damped wave equation as a conservative hyperbolic part perturbed by a lower order damping term;(ii) a "Plancherel-in-time" argument as in classical proofs of the Gearhart-Huang-Pr{\"u}ss theorem; and (iii) an idea of Bony-Burq-Ramond of propagating a coherent state along an undamped trajectory up to Ehrenfest time.
2309.12709v1
2023-10-11
Damping Density of an Absorptive Shoebox Room Derived from the Image-Source Method
The image-source method is widely applied to compute room impulse responses (RIRs) of shoebox rooms with arbitrary absorption. However, with increasing RIR lengths, the number of image sources grows rapidly, leading to slow computation. In this paper, we derive a closed-form expression for the damping density, which characterizes the overall multi-slope energy decay. The omnidirectional energy decay over time is directly derived from the damping density. The resulting energy decay model accurately matches the late reverberation simulated via the image-source method. The proposed model allows the fast stochastic synthesis of late reverberation by shaping noise with the energy envelope. Simulations of various wall damping coefficients demonstrate the model's accuracy. The proposed model consistently outperforms the energy decay prediction accuracy compared to a state-of-the-art approximation method. The paper elaborates on the proposed damping density's applicability to modeling multi-sloped sound energy decay, predicting reverberation time in non-diffuse sound fields, and fast frequency-dependent RIR synthesis.
2310.07363v1
2023-10-14
Exploring Damping Effect of Inner Control Loops for Grid-Forming VSCs
This paper presents an analytical approach to explore the damping effect of inner loops on grid-forming converters. First, an impedance model is proposed to characterize the behaviors of inner loops, thereby illustrating their influence on output impedance shaping. Then, based on the impedance representation, the complex torque coefficient method is employed to assess the contribution of inner loops to system damping. The interactions among inner loops, outer loops, and the ac grid are analyzed. It reveals that inner loops shape the electrical damping torque coefficient and consequently influence both synchronous and sub-synchronous oscillation modes. The virtual admittance and current control-based inner-loop scheme is employed to illustrate the proposed analytical approach. The case study comprises the analysis of impedance profiles, the analysis of damping torque contributed by inner loops under various grid strengths, and the comparison between dq-frame and {\alpha}\b{eta}-frame realizations of inner loops. Finally, simulation and experimental tests collaborate with theoretical approaches and findings.
2310.09660v1
2023-10-24
Frictional weakening of a granular sheared layer due to viscous rolling revealed by Discrete Element Modeling
Considering a 3D sheared granular layer modeled with discrete elements, it is well known the rolling resistance significantly influences the mechanical behavior. Even if the rolling resistance role has been deeply investigated as it is commonly used to represent the the roughness of the grains and the interparticle locking, the role of rolling viscous damping coefficient has been largely overlooked so far. This parameter is rarely used or only to dissipate the energy and to converge numerically. This paper revisits the physical role of those coefficients with a parametric study of the rolling friction and the rolling damping for a sheared layer at different shear speeds and different confinement pressures. It has been observed that the damping coefficient induces a frictional weakening. Hence, competition between the rolling resistance and the rolling damping occurs. Angular resistance aims to avoid grains rolling, decreasing the difference between the angular velocities of grains. Whereas, angular damping acts in the opposite, avoiding a change in the difference between the angular velocities of grains. In consequence, grains keep rolling and the sample strength decreases. This effect must be considered to not overestimate the frictional response of a granular layer.
2310.15945v1
2023-12-12
Coordination of Damping Controllers: A Data-Informed Approach for Adaptability
This work proposes a data-informed approach for an adaptable coordination of damping controllers. The novel concept of coordination is based on minimizing the Total Action, a single metric that measures the system's dynamic response post-disturbance. This is a performance measure based on the physics of the power system, which encapsulates the oscillation energy related to synchronous generators. Deep learning theory is used to propose a Total Action function approximator, which captures the relationship between the system wide-area measurements, the status of damping controllers, and the conditions of the disturbance. By commissioning the switching status (on/off) of damping controllers in real-time, the oscillation energy is reduced, enhancing the power system stability. The concept is tested in the Western North America Power System (wNAPS) and compared with a model-based approach for the coordination of damping controllers. The data-informed coordination outperforms the model-based approach, demonstrating exceptional adaptability and performance to handle multi-modal events. The proposed scheme shows outstanding reductions in low-frequency oscillations even under various operating conditions, fault locations, and time delay considerations.
2312.07739v1
2024-01-26
Efficient Control of Magnetization Dynamics Via W/CuO$_\text{x}$ Interface
Magnetization dynamics, which determine the speed of magnetization switching and spin information propagation, play a central role in modern spintronics. Gaining its control will satisfy the different needs of various spintronic devices. In this work, we demonstrate that the surface oxidized Cu (CuO$_\text{x}$) can be employed for the tunability of magnetization dynamics of ferromagnet (FM)/heavy metal (HM) bilayer system. The capping CuO$_\text{x}$ layer in CoFeB/W/CuO$_\text{x}$ trilayer reduces the magnetic damping value in comparison with the CoFeB/W bilayer. The magnetic damping even becomes lower than that of the CoFeB/CuO$_\text{x}$ by ~ 16% inferring the stabilization of anti-damping phenomena. Further, the reduction in damping is accompanied by a very small reduction in the spin pumping-induced output DC voltage in the CoFeB/W/CuO$_\text{x}$ trilayer. The simultaneous observation of anti-damping and spin-to-charge conversion can be attributed to the orbital Rashba effect observed at the HM/CuO$_\text{x}$ interface. Our experimental findings illustrate that the cost-effective CuO$_\text{x}$ can be employed as an integral part of modern spintronics devices owing to its rich underneath spin-orbital physics.
2401.14708v1
2024-02-08
The stability analysis based on viscous theory of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells
The linear instability of Faraday waves in Hele-Shaw cells is investigated with consideration of the viscosity of fluids after gap-averaging the governing equations due to the damping from two lateral walls and the dynamic behavior of contact angle. A new hydrodynamic model is thus derived and solved semi-analytically. The contribution of viscosity to critical acceleration amplitude is slight compared to other factors associated with dissipation, and the potential flow theory is sufficient to describe onset based on the present study, but the rotational component of velocity can change the timing of onset largely, which paradoxically comes from the viscosity. The model degenerates into a novel damped Mathieu equation if the viscosity is dropped with two damping terms referring to the gap-averaged damping and dissipation from dynamic contact angle, respectively. The former increases when the gap size decreases, and the latter grows as frequency rises. When it comes to the dispersion relation of Faraday waves, an unusual detuning emerges due to the imaginary part of the gap-averaged damping.
2402.05505v2
2024-02-09
Damping of density oscillations from bulk viscosity in quark matter
We study the damping of density oscillations in the quark matter phase that might occur in compact stars. To this end we compute the bulk viscosity and the associated damping time in three-flavor quark matter, considering both nonleptonic and semileptonic electroweak processes. We use two different equations of state of quark matter, more precisely, the MIT bag model and perturbative QCD, including the leading order corrections in the strong coupling constant. We analyze the dependence of our results on the density, temperature and value of strange quark mass in each case. We then find that the maximum of the bulk viscosity is in the range of temperature from 0.01 to 0.1 MeV for frequencies around 1 kHz, while the associated minimal damping times of the density oscillations at those temperatures might be in the range of few to hundreds milliseconds. Our results suggest that bulk viscous damping might be relevant in the post-merger phase after the collision of two neutron stars if deconfined matter is achieved in the process.
2402.06595v1
2003-08-05
Reliability of Calderbank-Shor-Steane Codes and Security of Quantum Key Distribution
After Mayers (1996, 2001) gave a proof of the security of the Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol, Shor and Preskill (2000) made a remarkable observation that a Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code had been implicitly used in the BB84 protocol, and suggested its security could be proven by bounding the fidelity, say F(n), of the incorporated CSS code of length n in the form 1-F(n) <= exp[-n E+o(n)] for some positive number E. This work presents such a number E=E(R) as a function of the rate of a code R, and a threshold R' such that E(R)>0 whenever R < R', which is larger than the achievable rate based on the Gilbert-Varshamov bound that is essentially due to Shor and Preskill (2000). The codes in the present work are robust against fluctuations of channel parameters, which fact is needed to establish the security rigorously and was not proved for rates above the Gilbert-Varshamov rate before in the literature. As a byproduct, the security of a modified BB84 protocol against any joint (coherent) attacks is proved quantitatively.
0308029v6
2011-07-13
(In-)Stability of Singular Equivariant Solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert Equation
In this paper we use formal asymptotic arguments to understand the stability proper- ties of equivariant solutions to the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert model for ferromagnets. We also analyze both the harmonic map heatflow and Schrodinger map flow limit cases. All asymptotic results are verified by detailed numerical experiments, as well as a robust topological argument. The key result of this paper is that blowup solutions to these problems are co-dimension one and hence both unstable and non-generic. Solutions permitted to deviate from radial symmetry remain global for all time but may, for suitable initial data, approach arbitrarily close to blowup. A careful asymptotic analysis of solutions near blowup shows that finite-time blowup corresponds to a saddle fixed point in a low dimensional dynamical system. Radial symmetry precludes motion anywhere but on the stable manifold towards blowup. A similar scenario emerges in the equivariant setting: blowup is unstable. To be more precise, blowup is co-dimension one both within the equivariant symmetry class and in the unrestricted class of initial data. The value of the parameter in the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation plays a very subdued role in the analysis of equivariant blowup, leading to identical blowup rates and spatial scales for all parameter values. One notable exception is the angle between solution in inner scale (which bubbles off) and outer scale (which remains), which does depend on parameter values. Analyzing near-blowup solutions, we find that in the inner scale these solution quickly rotate over an angle {\pi}. As a consequence, for the blowup solution it is natural to consider a continuation scenario after blowup where one immediately re-attaches a sphere (thus restoring the energy lost in blowup), yet rotated over an angle {\pi}. This continuation is natural since it leads to continuous dependence on initial data.
1107.2620v1
1996-09-10
The Damping Tail of CMB Anisotropies
By decomposing the damping tail of CMB anisotropies into a series of transfer functions representing individual physical effects, we provide ingredients that will aid in the reconstruction of the cosmological model from small-scale CMB anisotropy data. We accurately calibrate the model-independent effects of diffusion and reionization damping which provide potentially the most robust information on the background cosmology. Removing these effects, we uncover model-dependent processes such as the acoustic peak modulation and gravitational enhancement that can help distinguish between alternate models of structure formation and provide windows into the evolution of fluctuations at various stages in their growth.
9609079v1
1997-09-16
Lyman-alpha emission as a tool to study high redshift damped systems
We report a quantitative study of the escape of Lyman-alpha photons from an inhomogeneous optically thick medium that mimics the structure of damped Lyman-alpha absorbers. Modeling the optically thick disk with 3 components (massive stars and HII regions, dust, and neutral hydrogen), we study the resulting emission line profile that may arise near the extended damped absorption profile.
9709150v1
1997-10-17
The chemical evolution of galaxies causing damped Ly$α$ absorption
We have compiled all available data on chemical abundances in damped Lyman alpha absorption systems for comparison with results from our combined chemical and spectrophotometric galaxy evolution models. Preliminary results from chemically consistent calculations are in agreement with observations of damped Ly$\alpha$ systems.
9710193v1
1998-01-26
Are Damped Lyman alpha Systems Rotating Disks ?
We report on high spectral resolution observations of five damped Lyman alpha systems whose line velocity profiles and abundances are analyzed. By combining these data with information from the literature, we study the kinematics of the low and high ionization phases of damped systems and discuss the possibility that part of the motions is due to rotation.
9801243v1
2001-10-29
Damping of inhomogeneities in neutralino dark matter
The lightest supersymmetric particle, most likely the neutralino, might account for a large fraction of dark matter in the Universe. We show that the primordial spectrum of density fluctuations in neutralino cold dark matter (CDM) has a sharp cut-off due to two damping mechanisms: collisional damping during the kinetic decoupling of the neutralinos at O(10 MeV) and free streaming after last scattering of neutralinos. The cut-off in the primordial spectrum defines a minimal mass for CDM objects in hierarchical structure formation. For typical neutralino and sfermion masses the first gravitationally bound neutralino clouds have masses above 10^(-6) M_\odot.
0110601v1
2002-08-03
Adiabatic Index of Dense Matter and Damping of Neutron Star Pulsations
The adiabatic index Gamma_1 for perturbations of dense matter is studied under various physical conditions which can prevail in neutron star cores. The dependence of Gamma_1 on the composition of matter (in particular, on the presence of hyperons), on the stellar pulsation amplitude, and on the baryon superfluidity is analyzed. Timescales of damping of stellar pulsations are estimated at different compositions, temperatures, and pulsation amplitudes. Damping of pulsations by bulk viscosity in the neutron-star cores can prevent the stars to pulsate with relative amplitudes > (1-15)% (depending on the composition of matter).
0208078v1
2003-01-07
Damping of Neutron Star Shear Modes by Superfluid Friction
The forced motion of superfluid vortices in shear oscillations of rotating solid neutron star matter produces damping of the mode. A simple model of the unpinning and repinning processes is described, with numerical calculations of the consequent energy decay times. These are of the order of 1 s or more for typical anomalous X-ray pulsars but become very short for the general population of radio pulsars. The superfluid friction processes considered here may also be significant for the damping of r-modes in rapidly rotating neutron stars.
0301112v1