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After years of decline within Ontario’s manufacturing sector, the City of London was looking for new and innovative ways to continue economic prosperity and growth. After evaluating the City’s strengths, a non-profit organization was looking to obtain support from the London City Council, among various other partners to build investment around its Medical Devices Sector. In order to assist the City of London in increasing the role and contribution of medical devices in the community’s economic future, Schroeder & Schroeder Inc. was commissioned to create a detailed business plan. The proposed Business Plan needed to establish a vision and roadmap to accelerate the growth in the London Ontario Medical Device Sector. Within this context, the organization sought to seek assistance with the development of a detailed action-oriented business plan that included the following elements: - A brief quantitative market overview of the medical device sector’s current contribution - A brief comparison with other similar sized Canadian communities - A detailed list of promising sub-sectors and technologies that represented the strongest growth prospects for London’s medical device industry. - A list of action steps and target sub-sectors including timing and the financial and human resource requirements needed to deliver on these sectors - Forecasted benefits from a fully realized plan (jobs, investments, research dollars, new companies, etc…) - A proposed budget The main challenges we faced in conducting this project related to: - Stakeholder Differences – This project had various stakeholders whose needs and opinions needed to be reconciled in order to develop a plan that all parties could agree upon. - Vision – At the beginning, there was limited articulation of the proposed vision of the project. Vision needed to be confirmed and communicated to all stakeholders - Initial Uncertainty – There were many challenges at the beginning of the project due to miscommunication between stakeholders. Several key inputs that were expected at the beginning of the project fell through, forcing our team to adapt to new expectations. Our approach to the project included building off of the work that had been done in the past as well as the knowledge that the local public and private sector leaders in the medical devices community had. The work was conducted in 7 phases: - Background Research and Preparation – this phase consisted of confirming the design of the project methodology with the organization; identifying the work conducted to date; and in general, preparing for the project research phases, including the development of an information gathering template. - Review of Existing Work – This phase consists of conducting the required review and examination of Medical Device sector work that had been done in the past to position London as a centre for Medical Devices. Some limited research based on web sites/literature reviews was also conducted to fill in any key missing information. It addressed the key topic areas as identified in Phase I. This phase consisted of 2 steps: - Step 1: Review existing Medical Device sector work - Step 2: Conduct literature research - Creation of First Draft of Report / Business Plan – This phase was used to document the initial findings of the study. - Conduct Key Informant Research – This phase consisted of conducting interviews with selected key informants. Interviews were also supplemented with a limited number of surveys. This phase addressed the key topic areas as identified in Phase I. This phase consisted of 2 steps: - Step 1: Feedback and preparation for key informant interviews - Step 2: Interviews with key informants - Step 3: Analysis of results and documentation of key findings - Analysis – This phase was used to analyze the results of all of the data collected. - Creation of the Second Draft of Report/Business Plan – This phase was used to document the final findings of the research project study and to get final input from the organization’s project Steering Committee - Creation of Final Report/Business Plan – Finally, we documented the final results of the research in the form of a business plan. The Art and Science Difference This project required extensive political and negotiation acumen to help bring together conflicting views into a plan that all parties could buy into. Our policy to place a partner-level consultant on every project ensured that the project outcomes were aligned with its overall business objectives. Using our Art & Science of Transformation® methodology, we were able to create a business plan that not only focused on short-term results, but one that also was sustainable and had long-term vision. At the conclusion of the project the key success factors had been achieved, and the client was highly satisfied with the project solution and the value added by Schroeder & Schroeder. The client now had: - A strategic vision and position of the Medical Devices Sector – including the guiding values and core purpose concepts and principles, which are seen as important by the London’s Medical Device stakeholders. - An envisioned future – including 7 key goals that the City wanted to achieve over the next 5 years. - An operational strategy: – the findings from the research conducted pointed almost exclusively to “systemic” issues within the Medical Devices Sector within London. - An analysis of subsector focus and “business strength” issues. - A list of 3 projects that the city could initiate to help achieve its Envisioned Future. - An order of magnitude of costs and project timing. - A cost benefit analysis for years 1, 3, and 5. - Recommendations around an implementation plan along with a schedule, measurement, and tracking approaches.	68,803
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE \| August 27, 2021 Call for nominations for EPA’s 2022 Green Chemistry Challenge Awards WASHINGTON, Aug. 27, 2021 — The American Chemical Society (ACS), in partnership with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), announces the call for nominations for the 2022 Green Chemistry Challenge Awards to recognize businesses, academic institutions and nonprofits for innovative green chemistry solutions and products. “The Green Chemistry Challenge Awards is an opportunity for EPA to recognize green chemistry solutions that advance protection of human health and the environment by preventing pollution at its source,” says EPA Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention Assistant Administrator Michal Freedhoff, Ph.D. Nominations demonstrating innovations in green chemistry must be submitted to EPA by Dec. 10, 2021. Nominations will be accepted for the following awards: - Focus Area 1: Greener Synthetic Pathways - Focus Area 2: Greener Reaction Conditions - Focus Area 3: The Design of Greener Chemicals - Specific Environmental Benefit: Climate Change (for a technology in any of the three focus areas that can prevent or reduce greenhouse gas emissions) - Small Business (for a technology in any of the three focus areas developed by a small business) - Academic (for a technology in any of the three focus areas developed by an academic researcher) The ACS Green Chemistry Institute® (ACS GCI) will convene an independent panel of technical experts to formally judge the 2022 nominations and make recommendations to EPA for the 2022 winners. EPA anticipates giving awards to outstanding green chemistry technologies in six categories in June 2022. Since the inception of the awards program a quarter century ago, EPA has received more than 1,800 nominations and presented awards for 128 technologies that decrease hazardous chemicals and use of resources, reduce costs and protect human health. Winning technologies are responsible for annually reducing the use or generation of hundreds of millions of pounds of hazardous chemicals, saving billions of gallons of water and eliminating billions of pounds of carbon dioxide equivalents. “The American Chemical Society values its collaboration with EPA in recognizing outstanding green chemistry innovations through the Green Chemistry Challenge Awards program,” says Mary Kirchhoff, Ph.D., director of ACS GCI and executive vice president for scientific advancement at ACS. To receive guidance on how to submit a nomination, register for a 90-minute EPA-hosted webinar on Sept. 22, 2021 at 2 p.m. ET. More information about the upcoming webinar and the Green Chemistry Challenge Awards program can be found at www.epa.gov/greenchemistry. The ACS Green Chemistry Institute® is an institute of the American Chemical Society dedicated to catalyzing the implementation of green and sustainable chemistry and engineering through the global chemistry enterprise and the Society. ACS GCI convenes industrial roundtables, holds an annual Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference (gcande.org), and offers educational resources including grants, awards, webinars and workshops — encouraging scientific innovations to solve environmental and human health issues facing our world today. To automatically receive press releases from the American Chemical Society, contact firstname.lastname@example.org. Note: ACS does not conduct research, but publishes and publicizes peer-reviewed scientific studies.	176,806
These Behavior Clip Chart Calendars go along with my Behavior Clip System with Chevron and Koalas. They are great way to help students internalize their choices by allowing them the opportunity to record their own behavior so that they can discuss the choices they made with their parents each evening. Suggested use: At the end of the day all students take out their folders containing the Monthly Behavior Clip Chart Calendar and look to see what color their clip is on. They are responsible for coloring in the small circle on the correct date with the correct color. Set contains: Calendars for August 2016 - July 2017 Each calendar has cute month-specific clip art to encourage discussion of real-life activities that occur in each month. BONUS: A blackline koala is hidden on each calendar or the students to find. The answer to where it is hidden is written upside down right under the calendar. **Be sure to rate this product when you download it so you can earn your TpT credits! Thank you for taking the time to check out my store. Janet aka KoalaKdgTeacher for Koala Kinders	239,511
By blocking cold air from entering your living areas, mud rooms cut your heating costs. Regular maintenance of our air conditioner produces significant energy savings. Programmable thermostats help manage your energy use. Insulating water pipes is cheap, easy to do, and one of the best ways to save on energy costs. A lot of heat is lost through poorly sealed windows; upgrading can help you save. Compact fluorescent and LED lights cost more than regular lightbulbs, but they save money over the long run. Collecting rainwater during stormy spring months will give you plenty to use on your lawn during the summer. Water recycled from your drains can be used to water plants or wash your car. Tankless boilers heat water on demand, saving energy. Older appliances are very inefficient; newer models save both water and energy. A home energy audit that uses an infrared camera can help cut your heating bills and make your home greener. Cellulose insulation, made from recycled newspaper and books, is one of the most energy-efficient building materials. You don't have to take shorter showers to save water; low-flow aerators cut usage. Dark roofs absorb heat, significantly increasing the cost of air conditioning in hot climates. Subdividing your house into different temperature zones can help you conserve energy. Wood stoves are aesthetically pleasing and help you save on your heating bills.	216,992
doxycycline (generic name) It kills certain bacteria or stops their growth (dox i SYE kleen) Table of Contents Top Learning Centers(Recursos en Español) Where should I keep my medicine?Keep out of the reach of children. Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59 and 86 degrees F). Protect from light. Keep container tightly closed. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date. Taking this medicine after the expiration date can make you seriously ill. Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.	128,379
BDO Courses - Your Pathway to Becoming a Bard, Ovate or Druid Become a member of the BDO. Registration is free. Or sign up for our courses now! Click on any of the tabs below to find out more information about the Bard, Ovate and Druid courses “… the most intelligent and erudite sequential introduction to modern Druidry available.” Professor Ronald HuttonOpens in a new window, author of Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles, The Triumph of the Moon, The Druids, Blood & Mistletoe, Pagan Britain, &c.. “… real nuts and bolts Druidry.” One of our students. Our courses are built around the traditional threefold division of Druidry into the equal and complementary roles of Bard, Ovate and Druid, focusing strongly on the skills ascribed to them by classical writers: Bards are creative artists, performers and keepers of tradition; Ovates are seers, healers and natural philosophers; Druids are teachers, ritualists and walkers between worlds. Within each course, we aim to provide all the tools needed to actively pursue the path and become a skilled practitioner. We achieve this by weaving together all the available threads of information about Druidry, from archaeology, classical writers, the Medieval literature of Britain and Ireland, folk lore and folk custom, previous generations of Druid revivalists, contemporary Druid practice and our own intuition and inspiration. Courses are written by a team of bards, ovates and Druids with a couple of centuries of practical experience between them. They are edited by Greywolf (Philip Shallcrass), who is also a major contributor, drawing on his own 40 years as a Druid. Speaking of drawing, our courses include hundreds of full-colour illustrations. They are designed to be accessible to an intelligent teenager coming to Druidry for the first time whilst containing enough depth and originality to appeal to those who already have extensive knowledge and experience. Students with 30 or more years’ experience in Pagan traditions have said they are gaining fresh insight and inspiration from our courses. The Bardic, Ovate and Druid courses each offer their own path to enlightenment, while the three together provide a comprehensive guide to all aspects of the Druid path. Students may take as much time as they need to complete each course. Learning support is offered by our trusty group of volunteer tutors via e-mail or surface post. Transition between the three is by rite of passage. We trust that they will prove a valuable resource for the Druid community worldwide. Each course consists of six packages, each containing four booklets, available bi-monthly via the Paypal payment system. Courses are offered in the form of downloadable pdf files. This format allows for interactive content to be included in the course booklets while reducing administration, printing and postage costs. We are frequently asked how our courses differ from those of other groups such as OBOD (The Order of Bards, Ovates & Druids). People who are familiar with other courses tell us that ours differ greatly from any of them. Our approach to Druidry has been described as visionary and ‘shamanic,’ viewing it very much as a native European spirituality akin to other indigenous traditions, closely linking us with the spirits of land and ancestry, though open to folk of any land seeking ways of relating spiritually to the world around us. Originating in Europe, Druidry naturally appeals to folk of European origins seeking such a way of relating without the necessity of adopting local ways that may not be culturally appropriate. So, for example, we work with Native American friends without in any sense becoming ‘Wannabee Indians.’ OBOD’s Chosen Chief, Philip Carr-Gomm has been complimentary about our courses. Ronald Hutton has said that students could usefully take OBOD’s courses and then move on to ours, which are compatible whilst taking a very different approach, going into greater detail in many areas and placing more emphasis on others. Our courses are intensive, demanding, and deal with unusual areas of experience. They are, therefore, not suitable for everyone and we reserve the right to withhold or withdraw admission to them where we deem this to be necessary to safeguard the well-being of the individual and/or the BDO and its membership. “… properly bardic.” Andy Letcher (singer-songwriter with Telling the Bees, author of Shroom) “I have completed the Bardic course and loved every life enriching word of it. Thank you for a wonderful experience. It is one I will continue to go back to time and again and learn even more from. I would highly recommend the Bardic course to anyone.” UK-based Bardic student. Our aim throughout this series of courses, beginning with the Bardic, is to draw on archaeology, classical writings, the medieval literature of Britain and Ireland, folk lore and folk custom, and on centuries of Druid scholarship and practice in order to re-create a form of Druidry that honours tradition deeply while remaining relevant to life in the 21st century. Our Bardic course encourages creativity through accessing the inspiring spirit we call awen. Through this creativity, the aim is to inspire others, thus maintaining the flow of awen through the ages. The rock upon which our courses rest, and on which we seek to build, is the body of work left to us by bards, ovates and Druids of generations past. Our Bardic course lays essential foundations for the Ovate and Druid courses that follow. Whilst covering a number of basics of benefit to beginners, the depth of the course material means that students with decades of experience in the tradition still find plenty to inspire them. Though drawing on the same body of material for inspiration, our Bardic course differs significantly from any other on offer. There would be no point in simply replicating what others already do. Students of our courses and those of the Order of Bards, Ovates & Druids have found that they complement each other extremely well. OBOD chief, Philip Carr-Gomm, and our own Greywolf (Philip Shallcrass) have been friends for decades, so it was always planned that the two sets of courses should complement each other. The Bardic course comes in six packages of four booklets each, available every two months as downloadable pdf files. Each full-colour, illustrated booklet contains an average of 36 pages, the course totalling approximately 250,000 words in length. Students may take as much time as they need to complete each package and the course as a whole. Booklets contain active links to additional sources of information, online suppliers, etc. Tutorial support is available via a dedicated e-mail address or via surface mail. To sign up for the Bardic course please click the “Sign Up” button at the foot of this page. Payment is via PayPal, but you do not need to have an active PayPal account, just a valid credit or debit card. Bardic Course Outline - Package 1: Introduction to Druidry; Sources of Inspiration; Awen; Story-telling; The Story of Taliesin; Ritual; The Sacred Circle; Meditation; Robe-Making; The Crane Bag; The Universal Druid Prayer; Bards in ancient Law Codes; Bardic ‘grades’ in Irish tradition; the 13 Treasures of Britain. - Package 2: In-depth look at Awen in theory and practice; the Cauldron of Ceridwen; Gods and Fair Folk; Awen women; weaving the sacred into daily life; the sacred power of Poetry; the 24 Traditional Bardic Metres; the Songs of Taliesin, including ‘The Battle of the Trees’ and ‘The Chair of Ceridwen.’ - Package 3: Self-knowledge; who we are and where we come from; how background and beliefs, thoughts and consequent actions shape our lives and understanding; Taking responsibility; Honouring our Ancestors of Blood and Spirit; Respect and Reburial; Genealogy; Healing our past; the Mabinogi of Pwyll, Prince of Dyfed. - Package 4: Making music; the magic of sound; Bardic instruments; the Three Noble Strains; the Three Cauldrons, a native British system of yoga; Devotion and Deity; the Mabinogi of Branwen, Daughter of Llyr. - Package 5: The Wheel of the Year; Seasonal celebrations; the Gorsedd of Bards; Ritual texts; a Bardic history of Druidry; Pagan pilgrimage; Tomb-shrines; ‘Sitting out’; Circles and standing stones; the Mabinogi of Manawyddan, Son of Llyr. - Package 6: Druidry from the Bronze Age to the 21st century; Tree planting; Water offerings; The Bardic Tradition and the Song of the Land; the Mabinogi of Math, Son of Mathonwy; The Cell of Song, incubating art using traditional techniques of sensory deprivation; The Bardic Project: creating a work of art to exhibit before the tribe BDO Bardic Course Sampler Click to open a 786 kB PDF file containing sample texts and graphics from our Bardic Course. “…another remarkable achievement, of a unique level of sophistication and erudition for a Druidic correspondence course, even at this level…”Professor Ronald Hutton, Head of the Department of Humanities at the University of Bristol, author of Pagan BritainOpens in a new window, Blood & Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in BritainOpens in a new window, The DruidsOpens in a new window, Pagan Religions of the Ancient British IslesOpens in a new window, &c.. “I find myself feeling the presence of other beings as I walk, and feel them as fellow travelers in mutual aid. And I’ve finally arrived at a place I can make offerings to the gods and spirits, and do rituals, and really feel it and mean it versus going through the motions because I think I ought to. Finally, I feel the connections I’ve heard others speak of, but found so elusive to find on my own.”Ovate student, Minnesota, USA. Watchwords of the Ovate journey are: The Wheel of the Year; Seership; Divination; Trees; Herbs; Natural Philosophy; Healing; Rites of Passage. Our Ovate course follows the journey of human existence around the wheel of life from birth to death, tracing the parallel journeys of sun and moon through the seasons of the year. Each phase of being is related to our growing understanding of ourselves, the universe and our developing interactions with it. Delving deep into classical and little-known medieval sources, we’ve discovered extraordinary ‘lost’ native healing techniques as well as offering a fresh interpretation of the Ogham alphabet and a variety of ways of working with it in divination, magic and spiritual exercises. These are supported by the inclusion of a free set of Ogham cards, smaller cousins of those available from our webshopOpens in a new window. Also included are a guide to Druidic star lore and astrology, a complete Druid herbal, and complete sets of fully scripted rites of passage and ceremonies for the eight festivals of the Wheel of the Year. The course is challenging on many levels, spiritually, emotionally, intellectually and physically. The training wheels are off, so strap in tight, it’s quite a ride! NB. To access our Ovate course, you will need to have completed the BardicOpens in a new window first as each course builds on the preceding one(s). Courses can be paid for via Paypal using any credit or debit card. Our Ovate Course, like the Bardic, is delivered in pdf format in six packages of four booklets each, available every two months. Each booklet is illustrated in full colour and averages 50 pages in length, the total word-count of the course as a whole being around 550,000. To see sample pages from the course click on the link hereOpens in a new window or continue to read the outline below then click the link at the bottom of the page. Ovate Course Outline - Package 1: Creation; Birth; Blessing the Newborn; Beginnings; Cosmology; Divination as communing with, and attempting to understand, the divine. Developing sensitivity and reason. Ogham history, meaning, use in divination and magic, card oracles, etc. Rites of the Moon, rites of Midwinter and early Spring, rites of passage for birth and childhood. - Package 2: Seership, the Second Sight, the Faery Folk, augury, the awenyddion, the two Merlins, Seidr; Star lore, astrology; Learning and Growth; Adolescence; Sexual Awakening; Puberty rites of passage; Rites of Spring; the Book of the Taking of Ireland; the Prophecies of Merlin. - Package 3: The Healing Arts. Dian Cecht, the Irish healer god; Healing waters, their goddesses and gods, herbalism, meditation, massage, spirit healing, sound healing, hymns, offerings and incantations. The Twelve Doorways of the Soul. Sacred and magical trees. Rites of Summer, marriage rite, Full Moon rites. - Package 4: A Druid Herbal. Ogham tree exercises. Spirits of Trees. Incenses. The Waning Moon. Rites of full Summer, harvest, maturity; opening to a deeper understanding of spirit, how it moves through our lives and the universe and how we interact with it. Handfasting. - Package 5: The Ways of the Gods; Age; Pagan Theology. Insanity and Inspiration. Spirits of Place. Wisewoman rite. Meditations to deepen understanding and enhance practice. The Power of Three. The Cauldron of Motion. Serpent Power. Prayer. - Package 6: Hallowe’en. Dealing with death and dying. What happens to us when we die? Funeral rites. The dark of the Moon. The power of eclipses. The Soul Friend. Spirit guides and guardians. A night vigil and a vision quest. Click to open or download a BDO Ovate Course Sampler (786kb pdf file). Druid Course Outline Our Druid course goes online in April 2019. The following gives an idea of the range of topics covered. This page last revised in March 2019. - Package 1: ‘Shamanic’ Druidry in history and practice, key to the current ‘re-wilding’ of Druidry. Real democracy, magical thinking and reclaiming personal power. Ancestral ways of working with animals in spirit and otherwise across 40,000 years of history and prehistory, including hunting, sacrifice, shape-shifting and learning to fly. The Master or Mistress of Animals. Making and using drums in ceremony. Ceremony for awakening the drum. Otherworld journeying to gain wisdom and healing, encountering spirit guides and other spirit beings. - Package 2: Wolf people as companions to gods and humans, ancestors, teachers, hunters, guides and protectors, including a Wolf-inspired Winter Healing Ceremony. Wolf warrior societies around the world. Traditional Wolf stories. Bear people as companions to gods and humans, ancestors, teachers, guides and protectors, including a Midwinter Bear Feast Ceremony as created by the Bear Tribe. Traditional Bear stories. - Package 3: Dragons, Underworld or underwater spirits, or winged messengers, including Serpents, Wyrms and Water-horses, who may ‘kill or cure,’ with a Serpent Ceremony. Horses, from prey animals for hunters to companions and friends of riders, focusing on the Uffington White Horse and the widespread horse goddess known as Epona and by many other names, a teacher and guide to our ancestors across Europe. The Bull of the Heavens and the Great Cow Mother. Bovine beings as divine messengers, companions of gods, sacrificial animals, symbols of power and courage and of nurturing and fertility. Working with the spirits of Eagle, including healing charms. Eagles in the lore and legend of Britain and the wider world. - Package 4: Working with Deer people, their sacred connections, related deities, nature, lore and legends. Working with Ravens, Crows, Rooks and other Corvids, their sacred connections, related deities, nature, lore and legends. A radical approach to ritual, creating ceremonies closer in spirit to those of our ancestors. Mask-making, costume and adornment. Conducting ritual. Organising and coordinating group ceremonies, whether open celebrations of one of the major festivals, or rites of passage for individuals. Setting up and running local Groves. Sweat houses in Britain, their history and practice. Archetypal Druids in native literature and what we can learn from them. - Package 5: Additonal techniques for altering consciousness, reasons for undertaking them, their benefits and potential pitfalls. Included is an encyclopaedia of Otherworlds and their inhabitants who we might encounter during our spirit journeys. Moral philosophy. How we live in relation to other human and non-human people. Pacifism, dietary choices, gender politics, sexual relationships, etc. Bringing disparate groups together, building bridges, negotiating disputes, peace-making, mediation and arbitration. - Package 6: Spirituality in a capitalist culture. Teaching. Taking responsibility for ourselves, we begin to work with others. Leading workshops, lecturing, teaching by example, etc. This may entail further courses of study in fields such as healing, forest-craft, art, agriculture, conservation, etc. Bringing the Druidic commitment to community and service into daily life. Traditional Druid roles as judges, advocates, lawgivers. The ethics of the way we live and making changes to align with our spirituality, through running Groves, or community action, promoting recycling schemes, voluntary work, etc. Enhancing the world. Living Druidry in your community. Gender and spirituality. Building an Iron Age roundhouse. The Cauldron of Wisdom and the merging of Sun and Moon that leads to wisdom, bliss and oneness with the universe… (this is a tricky one, but we’ll do our best ) NB. Our Druid course turned out to be a lot longer than anticipated. We underestimated how much remained to be said about Druidry. Given how much is in our bardic and ovate courses, we thought the Druid course would be quite short. In fact it is at least as long as the ovate, which runs to around half a million words. The first half of the Druid course runs to over a quarter of a million. So, apologies to our ovate graduates for the long wait. We promise it’ll be worth it! The Bard, Ovate and Druid courses cost £150 each. You can pay for each course in one single payment or as a series of six monthly instalments of £25 per month. Payment can be made via PayPal or by debit card (Mastercard / Visa) Each course consists of 24 booklets (in six packages of four booklets). We understand that not everyone is able to make these payments and we do not want to deter people from undertaking these courses purely on the grounds of financial constraints. Druidry is a spiritual journey and not just an academic study. We therefore provide special concessionary rates for those who are unable to fulfil the financial requirements of the courses. Any payment you wish to make can be negotiated with our Admin Team. Please get in touch with us using our contact form on the Home Page if you wish to discuss our range of concessionary rates.	83,555
On the morning of September 8th, we had the opportunity to participate in a highly beneficial course from Hanoi Telecom, with dedicated guidance from two outstanding instructors, Bui Thanh Hung and Ha Thuy Linh. This course helped us grasp the usage of an essential tool in report writing – “5W2H,” to ensure that we can create reports effectively and in line with our objectives.. In today’s business world, knowing how to compile a report accurately is crucial. It not only provides accurate information to management and partners but also helps us gain a deeper understanding of our projects or tasks. The 5W2H tool (Who, What, When, Where, Why, How, How much) helps us answer a series of critical questions to build a perfect report. - Who: Identifying who is involved or which organizations are relevant to the project or issue you are reporting on. This helps determine responsibility and how to contact those involved when necessary. - What: Clearly defining the key information that needs to be reported. This helps focus on the most important aspects of the report. - When: Determining the time and important milestones related to the project or issue. This aids in tracking progress and planning. - Where: Identifying the location where the project or issue takes place or where information related to the report is collected. - Why: Understanding why the project or issue is important and why it needs to be reported. This ensures that the report’s objectives are clearly understood. - How: Describing the implementation of the project or resolution of the issue, as well as how information and data are gathered. - How much: If applicable, identifying specific figures, numbers, or data related to the project or issue. The course has helped us gain a clearer understanding of how to use this tool to create high-quality reports and effectively meet our objectives. More importantly, we learned from individuals with practical experience and a deep understanding of this field. We sincerely appreciate the investment and support from Hanoi Telecom, as well as the excellent guidance from our two instructors, Bui Thanh Hung and Ha Thuy Linh. Let us continue to apply this knowledge to our daily work and further develop ourselves in the future. Thank you for your participation, and we wish everyone a successful day!	245,754
Students of Dawood Public School (DPS) were declared high achievers at the International Kangaroo Mathematics Competition, the school’s management said on Saturday. Ayesha Rizwan of DPS secured first position in the country in level 7 and was awarded a gold medal along with Rs10,000 cash prize. Javeria Jawaid of Grade X achieved a silver medal in level 9 and Payal Ramesh along with Manal Farrukh of Grade V each got a bronze medal in level 4, the school’s official said. According to the school’s management, students are selected in particular levels which depend upon their class whereas papers for the competition come from Islamabad and the delegation of the Kangaroo Mathematics Competition often visits the schools. The International Kangaroo Mathematics Competition is the largest and the most celebrated mathematics contest conducted internationally. The contest’s main purpose is to promote mathematical thinking and stimulate an interest in maths by providing students with an opportunity to compare their abilities against the abilities of other students from different countries, the DPS spokesperson said. The contest originated in France in 1991 and the first-ever competition in Pakistan was organised in 2005 by the Pakistan Kangaroo Commission, he said. The Management of DPS in its statement said that this contest gave students an opportunity to prove themselves at the international level and the result of the contest proved that their talent was second to none. The DPS management said that it was delighted at this achievement and congratulated the winners for their outstanding performance.	195,119
ConnectedText has a unique feature that allows easy navigation between topics. The navigator builds a graph starting from the current topic, showing every topic that can reached from it. Below it is shown the graph starting from the welcome topic of the sample project distributed with it. Note that each node of the graph has a color indicator at upper left corner. It indicates that the node is fully expanded (green) or not (red). To expand any node, just double click in it. Automatically it will expand. Take a look at the sequence below. The node "Formatting paragraphs" is double clicked. Then node "Cascading Style Sheets" is clicked. When a node is expanded all nodes are rearranged. It is fun to watch them move. See the complete list of features of ConnectedText. Try it now for free during 30 days. We are sure it will change your way to keep your notes.	15,434
Commonly known as ILD, Interstitial Lung Disease is a collective term for a varying group of diseases that can cause scarring in the lungs. This scarring results in stiffness in the lungs which makes breathing difficult. Here are a few examples of ILD diseases: - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis - Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Mostly, ILD is caused by exposure to hazardous chemicals, some medications, and treatment of any particular disease. The lung damage from an ILD disease may or may not be reversible. It may also be progressive i.e. it gets worse over time. In most cases, it gets slowed down by consuming medicines. Symptoms of Interstitial Lung Disease: The symptoms of interstitial lung disease vary from person to person. However, the most common symptoms are: - Breath shortness during physical activities - Dry cough with phlegm - Extreme fatigue, tiredness, and weakness - Losing appetite - No reason weight loss - Pain in the chest - Labored breathing that can be either fast or slow - Bleeding in the lungs If you are suffering from any of the above-mentioned symptoms then you must consult a pulmonologist. Dr. Pankaj Gulati is one of the best pulmonologists in Jaipur that can provide you treatment for all lung diseases at BreathClinic, Jaipur.	82,279
From WUSF News, December 28, 2021 Using massive amounts of anonymous public data, New College’s Applied Data Science students are working with Community Foundation of Sarasota County to build a tool to help decision-makers find out what the community needs. New College of Florida and Community Foundation of Sarasota County are working together to create a digital dashboard to better understand the community they serve. Working with nonprofits in sectors that serve the environment, arts and culture, health and education, among others, CF Sarasota Vice President of Knowledge and Equity, Ranata Reeder says her organization wants to use information gathered by New College’s Department of Applied Data Science for good. “We want to take data so that people can make better informed decisions and community-minded choices,” she said. And this data will help Community Foundation of Sarasota County better understand the community and its needs. And help the organization measure the impacts of its investments. The data will be collected for Sarasota, Manatee, Charlotte and DeSoto Counties. Burcin Bozkaya, Ph.D., the director of the Applied Data Science Program at New College, says this two-year program brings together graduate students from a variety of disciplines to come and study data science, while building this community indicators dashboard, that “shows a lot of metrics about our immediate community here in Sarasota, and in surroundings, in Manatee County…is essentially trying to understand the composition of the community.” He said they could be health indicators, access to housing and transportation, access to education, “And generally speaking, socio economic well being in the area.” He said most of the data will be gathered from public sources, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Such data, gathered by NCF students for the dashboard and mapped using census track helped the Community Foundation of Sarasota County discover that life expectancy in one Bradenton neighborhood is “20 years below just a few miles away in Sarasota County,” Reeder said. “So, with that, we can then guide our grant-making and our investments to say, ‘Okay, should we be supporting more health nonprofits in this area?’ What can we do to inform our investments to ensure that some of these disparities that we’re discovering with the data cease to exist, or can we work on reducing those?” Reeder is quick to point out that this is a collaborative community project. “We held community listening sessions with nonprofits for them to communicate to us what they would like to see in the data and what would be useful for them, because we really want this to be a community tool that everyone can use.” Reeder said they are hoping to launch this community indicators dashboard next summer for everyone to use. And in the meantime, they will be doing testing and working with community members to make sure they’re involved while the digital dashboard is being built, so they can provide feedback.	39,758
Dozens dead in Pakistan and India after floods and landslides At least 58 people have been killed in northern Pakistan and India by flash floods and landslides triggered by heavy monsoon rains. Floods in the Chitral district of Pakistan damaged houses and a mosque killing at least 30, officials said. Another 28 are now known to have died in floods and landslides in India's Uttarakhand and Arunachal Pradesh states in recent days. Hundreds die in South Asian monsoon season floods every year. Bad weather has hampered rescue efforts in both countries. Flash floods hit the village of Arsun, in Chitral, overnight from Saturday to Sunday. Several people offering special Ramadan evening prayers in the local mosque were killed, local officials said, adding that women and children were among the dead. A spokesman for the disaster management authority said there was panic in the area as hundreds rushed to flee their homes. Dozens of houses were also swept away as well as an army post, leaving eight members of the security forces missing. Chitral is a mountainous area in Pakistan's far north, bordering Afghanistan. Flooding in the same area last year left several dead and destroyed bridges. In northern India, officials said the death toll after Friday's heavy rains caused flooding and landslides, had risen to 18 in Uttarakhand and 10 in Arunachal Pradesh. Several villages have been buried and a national highway is partially blocked. The worst-affected villages in Uttarakhand are in the remote mountainous districts of Pithoragarh and Chamoli, where 18 people have died. Many people were trapped under toppled houses and debris from the landslides, Uttarakhand Chief Minister Harish Rawat said. Uttarakhand was also badly hit by deadly flooding and landslides in 2013. Authorities had confirmed that some 600 people had died in the disaster, but later said more than 5,700 people who went missing in the devastating floods would be presumed dead.	183,467
I recently was involved in a conversation about the productivity of programmers and the seemingly wide range in abilities that different programmers have in this industry. Some of the comments made were reiterated a few days later when I came across a chapter in Code Complete (v2) where it says “In programming specifically, many studies have shown order-of-magnitude differences in the quality of the programs written, the sizes of the programs written, and the productivity of programmers”. In line with this is another comment presented by Code Complete when discussing teams - “Good programmers tend to cluster, as do bad programmers”. This is something I can personally relate to. I have come across some really good and bad programmers and 99% of the time it turns out the team they work in is the same - really good or really bad. When I have found a mismatch, it hasn’t stayed that way for long - the person has moved on, or the team has ejected the individual. Keeping this in mind I would like to comment on the risks an organization faces when forcing teams to remain together regardless of the mix. When you have the situation where someone is not willing to be part of the team but still wants to get a pay check at the end of each month, it presents some interesting challenges and hard decisions to make. First of all, when this occurs you need to give them an opportunity to change - for someone to change, they need to know what the problem is and what is expected. It is unreasonable to expect someone to change but have not indicated what they need to change and the consequences of not changing. If after a reasonable time of an individual being aware of the problem and not making an effort to improve you need to do two things… Follow through with the consequences of not changing. Consider the impact that this behaviour will have on the rest of the team. What is the cost of not following through with the consequences? If there is no follow through, it is often an indication to the individual that they can continue their behaviour. Why should they change if you don’t care enough to keep your end of the agreement? In many ways I think it is very similar to the “Broken Windows” principles – if you allow the windows to break and don’t fix them, more will get broken. What is the cost of keeping them on? When keeping a disruptive influence in a team you risk loosing the good in the team. As Code Complete says, good and bad programmers tend to cluster - they have a tendency to keep this balance - if you are not going to help keep the balance they will. The cost of not removing a disruptive influence is that the good in the team will eventually help you maintain the clustering themselves by leaving.	79,003
A person gets Medigap as soon as he receives the notice that he has been accepted into the program. Most people do not mean that when asking asking when they get Medicare Supplemental Insurance. People over the age of 65, suffering from renal failure, Lou Gehrig’s Disease or who have a disability may qualify for certain parts of Medicare Part A, B and D. While the coverage offered by the government-sponsored healthcare program covers nearly everything, there are some things it will not cover. The best time to get Medicare Supplemental Insurance is before you think you will need it. Private nursing care, dentures, and a long-term stay in a skilled nursing care facility are not covered by the program. Medicare Part D covers many necessary prescription drugs, but it does not cover all of them. While an individual with a supplemental plan must pay an additional premium, he is making sure to protect himself against unexpected expenses. The best time to purchase a Medicare Supplemental Plan is just after a person receives notification that he is eligible for Medicare. As long as he is in good health otherwise, his rates will be much cheaper. Insurance companies, as a general rule, do not like to carry insurance on people who have severe health problems or who need expensive treatment. All Medicare Supplemental Insurance plans only pay for items that Medicare deems as medically necessary but will not pay for. A person on Medicare must pay for other items out of their own pocket or through another insurance plan. Medigap policies, as they are also called exist to extend drug, hospital, and out patient coverage. Policies that cover the gaps in the insurance program for people over the age of 65 work with Parts A, B and D.	215,234
Students in Fisher’s Master of Business Operational Excellence Healthcare cohort spent four days last week at the Thedacare Healthcare System in Appleton, Wis., as part of the year-long program. Senior lecturer Mrinalini Gadkari was on the scene for daily recaps. Ever think about how much time you spend, and often waste, in meetings? Let’s do the math: Let’s assume you’re in one hour-long meeting in an eight-hour workday. Five meetings a week, 20 meetings a month, 240 meetings/hours a year. That’s the equivalent of 30 workdays. I got to thinking of this as lean consultant Tracey Richardson discussed the importance of even a wasted second while teaching our MBOE students the A3 problem-solving method. When Richardson started working at Toyota Motor Corp., one of her trainers translated the cost of one second lost to the company. Saving one second per plant worker, she said, was the equivalent of adding eight more cars per shift! One second to Richardson meant job security. “I started looking for seconds everywhere,” she said, urging students to look at their own processes. Seconds might not make sense but probably hours or days or weeks or months would. Any unit of time could be translated into a dollar amount or, in health care, someone’s life. Back to that one-hour-meeting calculation: With that much time invested, you’re pulling away key people in meetings that go on for years without achieving much. How does that translate into dollars or productivity? How about going to the gemba instead? How about huddling with your team for a few minutes in a day and tackling real problems?	148,930
Rebel gardeners wage veggie war on Buenos Aires BUENOS AIRES (Reuters Life!) - Forget potted plants and privet hedges; a group of Buenos Aires artists want to make the Argentine capital a free-for-all kitchen garden, turning neglected parks and verges into verdant vegetable patches. Following in the footsteps of "guerrilla gardeners" who have been scattering flower seeds in vacant lots and roadsides in cities such as London and New York since the 1970s, the Articultores group is taking the concept a step further. Armed with vegetable seedlings and seed bombs -- seeds packed with mud for throwing into neglected urban spaces, their goal is to provide organic food for city residents. "We want to make the city prettier, but in a different way. The zucchini plant can be as beautiful as an orchid, but it can be eaten," said Articultores coordinator Judith Villamayor after watering vegetables planted next to a parking lot. "Our goal is for people to find carrots, courgettes or quinoa when they take a stroll ... and we want to show them how to care after the crops," she said. The Articultores, whose name roughly translates as Arty Farmers, have thrown thousands of seed bombs in and around the sprawling capital city since they started meeting in 2009. Although providing free vegetables amid soaring food prices in Argentina lies at the heart of the group's raison d'etre, they call their raids "performances" that aim to inspire people to shun supermarkets and go organic. The group runs workshops in schools and members encourage residents to save fruit and vegetable seeds to grow their own, and to nurture the fledgling vegetable gardens. "I should come back in a few weeks to see how the plants are doing ... I hope someone gives them some water here," said Sol Ulacia, a 29-year-old Mexican student, after planting corn seedlings in a rundown public garden. Group members say getting residents to pick up the baton is their biggest challenge. A plot in the Bohemian neighborhood of San Telmo, where they planted quinoa, carrots and avocados a few months ago, has become strewn with garbage. "We have to clean the litter away and encourage them to look after the plants," Villamayor said. "It shouldn't be strange to see a neighbor watering a public garden. Food, vegetables, that is the universal language." Guerrilla gardeners have traditionally operated under the cover of darkness to avoid detection by local authorities, but the Articultores say the police have never troubled them and that doing raids during daylight helps raise public awareness. "Only once I was stopped by a policeman. He asked me whether there were marijuana seeds in the bomb. I said 'no' and gave him one. He gave it a sniff and said we could continue," said artist Martin Maistrello. (Writing by Eduardo Garcia, Editing by Helen Popper) A federal judge struck down Utah's ban on same-sex marriage as unconstitutional, handing a major victory to gay rights activists in a conservative state Slideshow	173,921
Illinois Weather Trivia for August 1st - Drought conditions continued to spread across the northwest half of Illinois during the month. Locations west of I-55 were considered to be in extreme drought conditions, with rainfall amounts several inches below normal. The drought was most significant across the Illinois River valley. Select Other Dates for Illinois Weather Trivia	36,027
August 17, 2017, by Charlotte Anscombe Brothers are heading to the University of Nottingham after securing A* A level’s at NUAST Brothers Mujahid and Mustaqueem Shiffa have both accepted places at the University of Nottingham after securing 3 As each in Physics, Chemistry and Maths, at Nottingham University Academy of Science and Technology (NUAST). Mujahid (18) is going on to study Natural Sciences and Mustaqueem (16) is going to study Physics. The boys results come as for the second year in a row, NUAST has delivered outstanding A Level and Level 3 qualification results across the board. Students have achieved a 100% pass in all subjects with over 46 % of A level students having achieved A or A in at least one subject and the A-C pass rate is 84%. Students studying vocational courses in Engineering and ICT have achieved remarkable results with the average grade being Distinction. 91% of students have achieved a distinction or higher in the qualifications studied equivalent to an A or A* grade. The value added score, the measure of achievement based against student’s previous performance at GCSE level is very high at 0.67 and will once again position NUAST as one of the top performing sixth forms in the City and County of Nottingham. Sponsored by the University of Nottingham and run by the Nova Education Trust, NUAST has been open for three years and has rapidly developed a reputation for itself as the leading STEM GCSE and A level provider in Nottingham City. The Academy received an overall OFSTED grade of ‘Good’ in June 2017 with the 6th form being judged ‘Outstanding’ during the same inspection. The Shiffa brothers were home educated up to GCSE level but Sanah Shiffa, the boys mother explained:“After GCSE, Home Schooling support is very difficult to find. NUAST was the only Academy who could accommodate both boys at A level. Other schools would not accept Mustaqueem on A level courses at 14 years of age even though he had completed his GCSEs at home. We are grateful for the chance NUAST gave them and the support they have offered”. The University of Nottingham, as sponsors of the Academy, have developed a very close working relationship with both staff and students. Bob White, Principal of NUAST describes that relationship as:“Absolutely critical to the work we do here at NUAST. The benefits of having a world class university offering academic and pastoral support to our students cannot be underestimated. NUAST is about developing passion and aspiration and there is nothing more aspirational than our students attending degree level lectures, being mentored by undergraduates and having access to the knowledge and facilities of such an important global university.” These benefits become particularly tangible when students from NUAST secure places on undergraduate courses at the university. This year 17% (12 students (Provisional)) of the Year 13 cohort (72) have applied and accepted places at the University of Nottingham. Mujahid Shiffa (18) said: “The support from the University has been essential. Attending lectures was amazing and really helped in my UCAS personal statement and in my interview.” The brother’s Father, Mohammed Shiffa, added that the links with the university have formed “a bridge that means they feel confident starting at the university.” He went on to add:“I grew up in Nottingham and NUAST is the opposite of the education I received. My school experience was just clocking in and clocking out. I didn’t know my teachers and they didn’t know me. There was nothing like NUAST. The mechanisms NUAST has in place to support students are unique and it has proved to be an amazing opportunity for our boys. Staff have been there for them both academically and in terms of pastoral care” Mujahid added:“We were emailing questions to staff in the weeks before the exams at 9 and 10pm and we were getting answers straight back. We will both keep visiting and supporting NUAST because we don’t want to loose the link with those staff.” Sarah Speight, Professor of Higher Education and Associate Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Teaching and Learning at The University of Nottingham, said: “Today is a such a big day for NUAST’s A-level students – there will be the full range of emotions as they receive those precious results that will determine their next steps. There will also be some stand-out stories of hard work and achievement. “Mujahid and Mustaqueem have certainly given us one of these. They have taken all NUAST can give them and turned it into gold – the best A-level grades they could get to secure their places with us to study Physics and Natural Sciences. Congratulations to you both – we are proud of you already and looking forward to welcoming you to the University next month.” With its recent OFSTED rating and reputation for academic achievement in the STEM subjects, Bob White, Principal is optimistic for the future. “Starting a new school is always a massive challenge and NUAST has been no exception. It has been important to the whole team at NUAST that we delivered the sponsors original vision of a centre of excellence for STEM education in Nottingham. Through the support of the University of Nottingham as sponsor along with our business and industry partners, NUAST is now realising that ambition.” No comments yet, fill out a comment to be the first	192,121
While a boon to SUU science students, the Ashcroft Observatory also hosts Monday evening public astronomy viewings. This popular activity has grown beyond expectations and now requires a part-time staff to accommodate the growing interest.In today’s world of natural resource and land management as well as the growing profession of outdoor recreation, understanding GIS technology and geospatial mapping is essential. SUU students are trained with cutting-edge technology in their preparation for outdoor careers. The lab is also available for partners’ use and community projects. Located a short drive up scenic Cedar Canyon on SUU’s 2,800-acre Mountain Ranch and forest, the Mountain Center offers over 6,000 square feet of modern amenities for educational purposes, hosting an informal retreat or a business workshop, or as an entertainment venue for family and friends. The Mountain Center has everything you need -- all in a beautiful alpine setting. The Museum of Natural History is southern Utah’s oldest and largest. Primarily for elementary and secondary education tours, but also open daily to the public, current plans are to triple its size with the completion of the proposed new Science Building. SUU’s Student Garden, managed by the Biology Department, provides interested students with a garden plot along with gardening expertise and assistance. In partnership with the College of Science’s greenhouse, students can cultivate their own flowers, fruits and vegetables right on campus. SUU’s 826-acre crop and livestock Valley Farm is located just minutes from the downtown campus. The University’s Agriculture curriculum is recognized as one of the top academic programs on campus, providing experiential, hands-on learning at the farm, downtown campus, and the mountain ranch. Last Update: Monday, December 01, 2014	206,821
Toronto, Ontario – March 8, 2020: In honour of International Women’s Day, Aura Freedom launches “Relentless Resilience” – a bold report on the impact of gender-based violence on Canadian society. Aura Freedom is a grassroots Canadian organization based in Toronto that works to end gender-based violence for good. ‘Relentless Resilience’ is a series of interviews with social workers and survivors of gender-based violence in Canada. The report is raw, real and bold. It does not sugar-coat anything, but paints a sobering picture of the current situation for countless women and girls in Canada and what has to be done. Currently, there is no National Action Plan for gender-based violence in Canada. The report calls upon the government to implement an urgent Action Plan that PREVENTS gender-based violence as opposed to solely reacting to it. “Women’s organizations, shelters and rape crisis centres will simply keep chasing their tails unless a concrete, proactive plan is implemented. Unless the violence is prevented, starting NOW,” says the report’s author, Marissa Kokkoros. -Every 3 days, a woman or girl in Canada is killed. Many of them, by their partners. -Indigenous women are killed 12 TIMES more likely to be killed than any other women in Canada. -On any given night, 6000 women and children sleep in emergency shelters because it is not safe at home. On International Women’s Day, as we celebrate women, we must recognize that in order for women and girls to live healthy and vibrant lives, the violence against them must end. But, ending the violence won’t simply benefit women and girls – it will benefit everyone. Imagine a Canada free from gender-based violence. “Very often, women are the traditional caregivers of their families and custodians of their communities. So, when you break a woman down, you break down everyone around her. Gender-based violence is robbing us all of infinite talent and love,” says Marissa. This is not just a feminist issue. Men and boys must be part of the solution. While we know that not all men are violent, we also know most violence against women is committed by men. So, it’s a men’s issue, too. While governments scramble to put together action plans to address COVID-19, women and girls are being raped, beaten, and murdered every day. Right now, hundreds of women and their children are being turned away from shelters because there is no room. Where is the national emergency? When we look at ending the violence, we must look at its connections to inequalities of gender, race, class and ability. “The only way forward is for all of us, in Canada and around the world, to invest in the way each child is treated, taught, protected and valued equally from day one. Equality is everything,” says Marissa. This International Women’s Day, let’s all stand up and say enough and work together to end gender-based violence. It is possible. The ‘Relentless Resilience’ report is available for free at www.aurafreedom.org Download Press Release here:	167,860
Sandeep Patel, assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Delaware, has received a prestigious Faculty Early Career Development Award from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to support his research using novel computer modeling methods to study the biophysics of model cell membranes, with particular focus on cell-penetrating peptides. The award also will support the purchase of a computer cluster for Newark (Del.) High School and the development of a new computational-chemistry course to be offered there. Plans call for the course to be team-taught by Patel and two veteran high school science teachers, Stewart Dotts and Robert McDowell, who hope to offer the class in fall 2013. The highly competitive NSF Career Award recognizes junior faculty members for their role as teacher-scholars and is given to those scientists and engineers considered most likely to become the academic leaders of the 21st century. "All of our bodies are composed of cells, and between the inside and outside of a cell is what one can loosely consider a barrier, the cell membrane," Patel said in explaining the foundation of his research. "Certain types of moleculeshydrophilic, or 'water-loving,' small molecules and highly charged peptidescan be observed in the membrane, moving very quickly through it, even though it's a very unfavorable environment for them." There is evidence in the literature, Patel said, suggesting that the transfer of these molecules occurs in the absence of any energy-coupled pathwaysin other words, without any help. "This is a rather non-intuitive behavior for such chemical species, and has garnered attention from experimentalists, computational chemists and theorists," Patel said. In seeking to understand this phenomenon, his group is using computer modeling of interactions between individual atoms to obtain atomic-level insights into how various chemical species suppor \|Contact: Andrea Boyle Tippett\| University of Delaware	231,496
According to Catalina Pet Hospital, in Tucson, AZ there is no one cure-all remedy for allergies. Some conditions have a quick fix, while others require a lifelong commitment to careful management. The right nutrition can play a big role in this process. There are certain aspects of your pet’s diet that can help diminish—or even eliminate—allergy symptoms. Protein is one of the key aspects of proper nutrition as it assists in promoting natural cell repair—and it is important that your pet gets the right kind. Sometimes it is necessary to switch your pet to an alternative protein such as venison or duck to help decrease reactions or intolerances to common food ingredients. Essential fatty acids are another ingredient that are helping in controlling the symptoms of allergic reactions. Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids will help nourish and protect skin from dryness and flakiness. Lastly, antioxidants are critical in helping to maintain a healthy immune system. Vitamin E and other antioxidants will help protect your pet’s immune system from damage due to cellular oxidation caused by free radicals. Diet is a simple, every day way you can support your pet’s health and wellness. Talk to your veterinarian today on what diet is right for your best friend!	148,586
Social network analysis dates back to the early 20th century, with initial studies focusing on small group behavior from a sociological perspective. The emergence of the Internet and subsequent increase in the use of online social networking applications has caused a shift in the approach to this field. Faced with complex, large datasets, researchers need new methods and tools for collecting, processing, and mining social network data. Social Network Mining, Analysis and Research Trends: Techniques and Applications covers current research trends in the area of social networks analysis and mining. Containing research from experts in the social network analysis and mining communities, as well as practitioners from social science, business, and computer science, this book proposes new measures, methods, and techniques in social networks analysis and also presents applications and case studies in this changing field.	272,660
Hornazo is a Spanish meat pie that is native to certain regions as Salamanca and Avila in Spain and is usually stuffed with pork loin, hard-boiled eggs and spiced up chorizo sausages, which are the main ingredients of the filling. However, some people even enjoy wrapping dry and sweet bread with hard-boiled eggs, known as ‘bollo de hornazo’. Hornazo recipe is an essential part of the Easter cuisine, because eggs were prohibited during Lent as they were considered non-vegetarian. However, the eggs that were laid during Lent are hard-boiled and used later on to prepare the meat pie Hornazo. History of Hornazo Recipe Hornazo has its origin in the Salamanca and Avila provinces of Spain, where the pies were eaten during the traditional Lunes de Aguas festival, also known as “Monday of the Waters”. During Lent the prostitutes of the town were sent across the Tormes River to the other side (as ordered by King Phillip II during the 16th century), so that during the religious observances of Lent, the men were not distracted. However, the Hornazo recipe became part of the “Monday of the Waters” celebrations, when the young students of the town had a party along the banks of the Tormes River, to celebrate the return of the prostitutes. It was during this time that everyone enjoyed the delicious and spicy Hornazo and it is also believed that that is how ‘Easter Eggs’ came into existence. Preparation of Hornazo Hornazo is enjoyed all through the year, though these pies are a part of the Easter traditions. Flour, yeast, water (at times even white wine) and olive oil are kneaded well and set aside for a couple of hours covered with a cloth. A little dough at a time is them rolled out to about 3 mm thickness and cut into 2 equal parts. One part of the dough is laid on a greased tray and filled with layers of pork loin, chorizo sausage and hard-boiled egg. Once done, the filling is sealed with the second half of the dough and coated with beaten egg. The pies are baked for about 35 minutes at 200 degrees F and served hot. Some people even enjoy other fillings such as bacon, chicken and even ham in their Hornazo. Hornazo Recipe Trivia Hornazo can get a nice golden yellow color if a little yellow food coloring is used while kneading the dough. It is best to use pressed yeast to be added to the flour.	100,123
Thank you Kalimah Johnson, indeed, for all your blessed work and caring… http://www.sob-csc.org Detroit Police crime statistics show that in 2011 there were 427 reported sexual assaults. It’s believed that 50% or fewer victims of rape file a police report. It can take years for victims to recover from the physical and psychological impact of rape and Detroit has only a few rape crisis centers. That lead Kalimah Johnson to organize SASHA, Sexual Assault Service for Holistic Healing and Awareness. Johnson is an Assistant Professor of Social Work at Marygrove College. She recently spoke with WDET volunteer Lori Robinson about why she was compelled to offer more services to Detroit’s victims of sexual assault.	7,461
Beginning Straight Forward Math Does your student need to sharpen some specific math skills? Maybe your math curriculum just does not have enough practice exercises or tests. These clean, uncluttered, and “straight-forward” workbooks that follow state and national standards will do the job nicely. Each topic-oriented workbook typically starts with an initial assessment of the child’s skill. Then, worksheets practice the applicable skills, periodic diagnostic tests monitor progress, and review and final exams verify progress. This method provides a before, during, and after “picture” of skill development. The large number of exercises on each page provide little additional space, so you’ll probably want to work out problems on a separate paper. This multi-volume series addresses the most commonly problematic math concepts at any student level. Use the Mastery (i.e. Tests, Fractions) books if you need a tool to understand how well your students grasp concepts and apply basic skills. Operations are specifically arranged to help you see where more attention is needed. Books in the Beginning levels practice introductory skills in any main subject (from operations of single digit addition or subtraction, to introductory trigonometry and Pre-Calc). Once these skills are solidified, you’ll find an Advanced book for any skill (such as double-digit adding and dividing to Word Problems, Pre-Algebra, Pre-Geometry, and Algebra to Pre-Calculus. Higher level books contain fewer assessments. A minor number of “reminder”-type information and some sample problems are offered—typically reserved for higher-level math skills. Includes an answers-only key in the back of each book. Reproducible for single family use. Approximately 35 pgs, pb.	300,536
This article discusses the phonological system of standard Russian based on the Moscow dialect (unless otherwise noted). For discussion of other dialects, see Russian dialects. Most descriptions of Russian describe it as having five vowel phonemes, though there is some dispute over whether a sixth vowel, /ɨ/, is separate from /i/. Russian has 34 consonants, which can be divided into two sets: - 1 Vowels - 2 Consonants - 3 Phonological processes - 4 See also - 5 References - 6 Bibliography - 7 Further reading Russian has five or six vowels in stressed syllables, /a e i o u/ and in some analyses /ɨ/, but only two or three vowels in unstressed syllables: /a i u/ after hard consonants and /i u/ after soft ones. A long-standing dispute among linguists is whether Russian has five vowel phonemes or six; that is, scholars disagree as to whether [ɨ] constitutes an allophone of /i/ or if there is an independent phoneme /ɨ/. The five-vowel analysis, taken up by the Moscow school, rests on the complementary distribution of [ɨ] and [i], with the former occurring after hard (non-palatalized) consonants and [i] elsewhere. The six-vowel view, held by the Saint-Petersburg (Leningrad) phonology school, points to several phenomena to make its case: - Native Russian speakers' ability to articulate [ɨ] in isolation: for example, in the names of the letters ⟨и⟩ and ⟨ы⟩. - Rare instances of word-initial [ɨ], including the minimal pair икать 'to produce the sound и' and ыкать 'to produce the sound ы'), as well as borrowed names and toponyms, like Ыб [ɨp] (help·info), the name of a river and several villages in the Komi Republic. - Morphological alternations like готов [ɡɐˈtof] ('ready' predicate, m.) and готовить [ɡɐˈtovʲɪtʲ] ('to get ready' trans.) between palatalized and non-palatalized consonants. The most popular view among linguists (and that taken up in this article) is that of the Moscow school, though Russian pedagogy has typically taught that there are six vowels (the term phoneme is not used). Reconstructions of Proto-Slavic show that i and y (which correspond to [i] and [ɨ]) were separate phonemes. On the other hand, numerous alternations between the two sounds in Russian indicate clearly that at one point the two sounds were reanalyzed as allophones of each other. \|/a/\|\|а\|\|(C)V\|\|[ä], [ɑ]\|\|[ə], [ɐ]\| \|/o/\|\|о\|\|(C)V\|\|[o̞ ~ ɔ]\|\|[ə], [ɐ]\| Russian vowels are subject to considerable allophony, subject to both stress and the palatalization of neighboring consonants. In most unstressed positions, in fact, only three phonemes are distinguished after hard consonants, and only two after soft consonants. Unstressed /a/ and /o/ merge (a phenomenon known as Russian: а́канье, tr. ákan'je); unstressed /e/ and /i/ merge (Russian: и́канье, tr. íkan'je); and all four unstressed vowels merge after soft consonants, except in absolute final position in a word. None of these mergers are represented in writing. When a preceding consonant is hard, /i/ is retracted to [ɨ]. Formant studies in Padgett (2001) demonstrate that [ɨ] is better characterized as slightly diphthongized from the velarization of the preceding consonant, implying that a phonological pattern of using velarization to enhance perceptual distinctiveness between hard and soft consonants is strongest before /i/. When unstressed, /i/ becomes near-close; that is, [ɪ̈] following a hard consonant and [ɪ] in most other environments. Between soft consonants, both stressed and unstressed /i/ are raised, as in пить [pʲi̝tʲ] (help·info) ('to drink') and маленький [ˈmalʲɪ̝nʲkʲɪj] ('small'). When preceded and followed by coronal or dorsal consonants, [ɨ] is fronted to [ɨ̟]. After a cluster of a labial and /l/, [ɨ] is retracted, as in плыть [plɨ̠tʲ] ('to float'); it is also slightly diphthongized to [ɯ̟ɨ̟]. In native words, /e/ only follows unpaired (i.e. the retroflexes and /t͡s/) and soft consonants. After soft consonants (but not before), it is a mid vowel [ɛ̝] (hereafter represented without the diacritic for simplicity), while a following soft consonant raises it to close-mid [e]. Another allophone, an open-mid [ɛ] occurs word-initially and between hard consonants. Preceding hard consonants retract /e/ to [ɛ̠] and [e̠] so that жест ('gesture') and цель ('target') are pronounced [ʐɛ̠st] and [t͡se̠lʲ] respectively. In words borrowed from other languages, /e/ rarely follows soft consonants; this foreign pronunciation often persists in Russian for many years until the word is more fully adopted into Russian. For instance, шофёр (from French chauffeur) was pronounced [ʂoˈfɛr] in the early twentieth century, but is now pronounced [ʂɐˈfʲɵr]. On the other hand, the pronunciations of words such as отель [ɐˈtɛlʲ] ('hotel') retain the hard consonants despite a long presence in the language. For most speakers, /o/ is a mid vowel [o̞], but it can be more open [ɔ] for some speakers. Following a soft consonant, /o/ is mid-centralized to close-mid central [ɵ] as in тётя [ˈtʲɵtʲə] ('aunt'). As with the other back vowels, /u/ is centralized to [ʉ] between soft consonants, as in чуть [t͡ɕʉtʲ] ('narrowly'). When unstressed, /u/ becomes near-close; central [ʉ̞] between soft consonants, centralized back [ʊ] in other positions. - /o/ and /a/ merge in most unstressed positions: for instance, валы 'bulwarks' and волы 'oxen' are both pronounced [vɐˈlɨ] (help·info). - Likewise, /e/ and /i/ merge in most unstressed positions: for instance, лиса 'fox' and леса 'forests' are both pronounced [lʲɪˈsa]. - All four merge in most unstressed positions after soft consonants. These mergers do not occur in all dialects. The merger of unstressed /e/ and /i/ in particular is less universal than that of unstressed /o/ and /a/; for example, speakers near the border with Belarus have the latter but not the former merger, distinguishing between лиса́ ('fox') and леса́ ('forests'), прожива́ть ('to reside') and прожева́ть ('to chew'), etc. The distinction between unstressed /e/ and /i/ is codified in some pronunciation dictionaries (Avanesov (1985:663), Zarva (1993:15)). As a result, in most unstressed positions, only three vowel phonemes are distinguished after hard consonants (/u/, /a ~ o/, and /e ~ i/), and only two after soft consonants (/u/ and /a ~ o ~ e ~ i/). For the most part, Russian orthography (as opposed to that of closely related Belarusian) does not reflect vowel reduction. In terms of actual pronunciation, there are at least two different levels of vowel reduction: vowels are less reduced when a syllable immediately precedes the stressed one, and more reduced in other positions. This is particularly visible in the realization of unstressed /o/ and /a/, where a less-reduced allophone [ɐ] contrasts with a more-reduced allophone [ə]. The pronunciation of unstressed /o ~ a/ is as follows: - [ɐ] (sometimes transcribed as [ʌ]; the former is phonetically correct for the standard Moscow pronunciation, whereas the latter is phonetically correct for the standard Saint Petersburg pronunciation; this article uses only the symbol [ɐ]) appears in the following positions: - In the syllable immediately before the stress, when a hard consonant precedes: паро́м [pɐˈrom] (help·info) ('ferry'), трава́ [trɐˈva] ('grass'). - In absolute word-initial position. - In hiatus, when the vowel occurs twice without a consonant between; this is written ⟨aa⟩, ⟨ao⟩, ⟨oa⟩, or ⟨oo⟩: сообража́ть [sɐ.ɐbrɐˈʐatʲ] ('to use common sense, to reason'). - [ə] appears elsewhere, when a hard consonant precedes: о́блако [ˈobləkə] ('cloud'). - When a soft consonant or /j/ precedes, both /o/ and /a/ merge with /i/ and are pronounced as [ɪ]. Example: язы́к [jɪˈzɨk] 'tongue'). /o/ is written as ⟨e⟩ in these positions. - This merger also tends to occur after formerly soft consonants now pronounced hard (/ʐ/, /ʂ/, /t͡s/), where the pronunciation [ɪ̈] (which after /t͡s/ can be even lower [ɘ]) occurs. This always occurs when the spelling uses the soft vowel variants, e.g. жена́ [ʐɪ̈ˈna] (help·info) ('wife'), with underlying /o/. However, it also occurs in a few word roots where the spelling writes a hard /a/. Examples: - жал- 'regret': e.g. жале́ть [ʐɨˈlʲetʲ] ('to regret'), к сожалéнию [ksəʐɨˈlʲenʲɪju] ('unfortunately'). - ло́шадь 'horse', e.g. лошаде́й, [ləʂɨˈdʲej] (pl. gen. and acc.). - -дцать- in numbers: e.g. двадцати́ [dvət͡sɨˈtʲi] ('twenty [gen., dat., prep.]'), тридцатью́ [trʲɪt͡sɨˈtʲju] ('thirty [instr.]'). - ржано́й [rʐɨˈnoj] ('rye [adj. m. nom.]'). - жасми́н [ʐɨˈsmʲin] ('jasmine'). - This merger also tends to occur after formerly soft consonants now pronounced hard (/ʐ/, /ʂ/, /t͡s/), where the pronunciation [ɪ̈] (which after /t͡s/ can be even lower [ɘ]) occurs. This always occurs when the spelling uses the soft vowel variants, e.g. жена́ [ʐɪ̈ˈna] (help·info) ('wife'), with underlying /o/. However, it also occurs in a few word roots where the spelling writes a hard /a/. Examples: - These processes occur even across word boundaries as in под морем [pɐd‿ˈmorʲɪm] ('under the sea'). There are a number of exceptions to the above vowel-reduction rules: - Vowels may not merge in foreign borrowings, particularly with unusual or recently borrowed words such as ра́дио, [ˈradʲɪ.o] (help·info) 'radio'. In such words, unstressed /a/ may be pronounced as [ɐ], regardless of context; unstressed /e/ does not merge with /i/ in initial position or after vowels, so word pairs like эмигра́нт and иммигра́нт, or эмити́ровать and имити́ровать, differ in pronunciation. - Across certain word-final inflections, the reductions do not completely apply. For example, after soft or unpaired consonants, unstressed /a/, /e/ and /i/ of a final syllable may be distinguished from each other. For example, жи́тели [ˈʐɨtʲɪlʲɪ] ('residents') contrasts with both (о) жи́теле [(o) ˈʐɨtʲɪlʲɛ] ('[about] a resident') and жи́теля [ˈʐɨtʲɪlʲə] ('of a resident'). - If the first vowel of ⟨oa⟩, or ⟨oo⟩ belongs to the conjunctions но ('but') or то ('then'), it is not reduced, even when unstressed. Unstressed /u/ is generally pronounced as a lax (or near-close) [ʊ], e.g. мужчина [mʊˈɕːinə] (help·info) ('man'). Between soft consonants, it becomes centralized to [ʉ̞], as in ютиться [jʉ̞ˈtʲit͡sə] ('to huddle'). Note a spelling irregularity in /s/ of the reflexive suffix -ся: with a preceding -т- in third-person present and a -ть- in infinitive, it is pronounced as [t͡sə], i.e. hard instead of with its soft counterpart, since [t͡s], normally spelled with ⟨ц⟩, is traditionally always hard. In other forms both pronunciations [sə] and [sʲə] alternate for a speaker with some usual form-dependent preferences.[clarification needed] In weakly stressed positions, vowels may become voiceless between two voiceless consonants: выставка [ˈvɨstə̥fkə] ('exhibition'), потому что [pə̥tɐˈmu ʂtə] ('because'). This may also happen in cases where only the following consonant is voiceless: череп [ˈt͡ɕerʲɪ̥p] ('skull'). Because of mergers of different phonemes in unstressed position, the assignment of a particular phone to a phoneme requires phonological analysis. There have been different approaches to this problem: - The Saint Petersburg phonology school assigns allophones to particular phonemes. For example, any [ɐ] is considered as a realization of /a/. - The Moscow phonology school treats [ɐ] as either /a/ or /o/, depending on morphological alternations or etymology. To make a determination, one must seek out instances where an unstressed morpheme containing [ɐ] in one word is stressed in another word. Thus, if the word [vɐˈlɨ] ('shafts') shows an alternation with [val] ('shaft'), then this instance of [ɐ] is an allophone of /a/. Meanwhile, [vɐˈlɨ] ('oxen') alternates with [vol] ('ox'), showing that this instance of [ɐ] is an allophone of /o/. If there are no alternations between stressed and unstressed syllables for a particular morpheme, then the assignment is based on etymology. - Some linguists prefer to avoid making the decision. Their terminology includes strong vowel phonemes (the five) for stressed vowels plus several weak phonemes for unstressed vowels: thus, [ɐ] represents the weak phoneme /ɐ/, which contrasts with other weak phonemes, but not with strong ones. Russian diphthongs all end in a non-syllabic [i̯], an allophone of /j/ and the only semivowel in Russian. In all contexts other than after a vowel, /j/ is considered an approximant consonant. Phonological descriptions of /j/ may also classify it as a consonant even in the coda. In such descriptions, Russian has no diphthongs. The first part of diphthongs are subject to the same allophony as their constituent vowels. Examples of words with diphthongs: яйцо́ [jɪjˈt͡so] (help·info) ('egg'), ей [jej] ('her' dat.), де́йственный [ˈdʲejstvʲɪnnɨj] ('effective'). /ij/, written ⟨-ий⟩ or ⟨-ый⟩, is a common inflexional affix of adjectives, participles, and nouns, where it is often unstressed; at normal conversational speed, such unstressed endings may be monophthongized to [ɪ̟]. ⟨ʲ⟩ denotes palatalization, meaning the center of the tongue is raised during and after the articulation of the consonant. Phonemes that have at different times been disputed are enclosed in parentheses. - Most consonant phonemes come in hard–soft pairs (exceptions are listed below). There is a marked tendency of Russian hard consonants to be velarized, though this is a subject of some academic dispute. Velarization is clearest before the front vowels /e/ and /i/. - /ʐ/ and /ʂ/ are always hard in native words (even if spelling contains a "softening" letter after them, as in жена, шёлк, жить, мышь, жюри, парашют etc.), and for most speakers also in foreign proper names, mostly of French or Lithuanian origin (e.g. Гёльджюк [ˈɡʲɵlʲdʐʊk], Жён Африк [ˈʐon ɐˈfrʲik], Жюль Верн [ˈʐulʲ ˈvɛrn], Герхард Шюрер [ˈɡʲɛrxərt ˈʂurɨr], Шяуляй, Шяшувис). Long phonemes /ʑː/ and /ɕː/ do not pattern in the same ways that other hard–soft pairs do. - /t͡s/ is generally listed among the always-hard consonants, however certain foreign proper names, including those of Ukrainian, Polish, Lithuanian, or German origin (e.g. Цюрупа, Пацюк, Цявловский, Цюрих), as well as loanwords (e.g., хуацяо, from Chinese) contain a soft [t͡sʲ]. The phonemicity of a soft /t͡sʲ/ is supported by neologisms that come from native word-building processes (e.g. фрицёнок, шпицята). However, according to Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015), /t͡s/ really is always hard, and realizing it as palatalized [t͡sʲ] is considered "emphatically non-standard", and occurs only in some regional accents. - /t͡ɕ/ and /j/ are always soft. - /ɕː/ is also always soft. A formerly common pronunciation of /ɕ/+/t͡ɕ/ indicates the sound may be two underlying phonemes: /ʂ/ and /t͡ɕ/, thus /ɕː/ can be considered as a marginal phoneme. In today's most widespread pronunciation, [ɕt͡ɕ] appears (instead of [ɕː]) for orthographical -зч-/-сч- where ч- starts a words's root, and -з/-с belongs to a preposition or a "clearly distinguishable" prefix (e.g. без часов [bʲɪɕt͡ɕɪˈsof] (help·info), 'without a clock'; расчертить [rɐɕt͡ɕɪrˈtʲitʲ], 'to rule'); in all other cases /ɕː/ is used (щётка [ˈɕːɵtkə], грузчик [ˈɡruɕːɪk], переписчик [pʲɪrʲɪˈpʲiɕːɪk], счастье [ˈɕːæsʲtʲjə], мужчина [mʊˈɕːinə], исщипать [ɪɕːɪˈpatʲ], расщепить [rəɕːɪˈpʲitʲ] etc.) - The marginal phoneme /ʑː/ is used only by speakers of the conservative Moscow accent, and is somewhat obsolete. The modern pronunciation of this sound is hard [ʐː]. This sound may derive from an underlying /zʐ/ or /sʐ/. For more information, see alveolo-palatal consonant and retroflex consonant. - /ʂ/ and /ʐ/ are somewhat concave apical postalveolar. They may be described as retroflex, e.g. by Hamann (2004), but this is to indicate that they are not laminal nor palatalized; not to say that they are subapical. - Hard /t, d, n/ are laminal denti-alveolar [t̪, d̪, n̪]; unlike in many other languages, /n/ does not become velar [ŋ] before velar consonants. - Hard /l/ has been variously described as pharyngealized apical alveolar [l̺ˤ] and velarized laminal denti-alveolar [l̪ˠ]. Because of that, some scholars transcribe it /ɫ/ even in phonemic transcription. This article uses /l/ for simplicity. - Hard /r/ is postalveolar, typically a trill [r̠]. - Soft /rʲ/ is an apical dental tap [ɾ̪ʲ] or, less often, an apical dental trill [r̪ʲ]. - Soft /tʲ, dʲ, nʲ/ are laminal alveolar [t̻ʲsʲ, d̻ʲzʲ, n̻ʲ]; as indicated in the transcription, in case of the first two the tongue is raised enough to produce slight frication. - Soft /lʲ/ is either laminal alveolar [l̻ʲ] or laminal denti-alveolar [l̪ʲ]. - /t͡s, s, sʲ, z, zʲ/ are dental [t̪͡s̪, s̪, s̪ʲ, z̪, z̪ʲ], i.e. dentalized laminal alveolar. They are pronounced with the blade of the tongue very close to the upper front teeth, with the tip of the tongue resting behind lower front teeth. - A marginal phoneme /ɣ/ occurs instead of /ɡ/ in certain interjections: ага, ого, угу, эге, о-го-го, э-ге-ге, гоп. (Thus, there exists a minimal pair of homographs: ага [ɐˈɣa] (help·info) 'aha!' vs ага [ɐˈɡa] 'agha'). The same sound [ɣ] can be found in бухгалтер (spelled ⟨хг⟩, though in цейхгауз, ⟨хг⟩ is [x]), optionally in габитус and in a few other loanwords. Also optionally (and less frequently than a century ago) [ɣ] can be used instead of [ɡ] in certain religious words (a phenomenon influenced by Church Slavonic pronunciation): Бога, Богу... (declension forms of Бог 'God'), Господь 'Lord' (especially in the exclamation Господи! 'Oh Lord!'), благой 'good'. - Some linguists (like I. G. Dobrodomov and his school) postulate the existence of a phonemic glottal stop /ʔ/. This marginal phoneme can be found, for example, in the word не-а [ˈnʲeʔə] (help·info). Claimed minimal pairs for this phoneme include суженный [ˈsʔuʐɨnɨj] 'narrowed' (a participle from сузить 'to narrow', with prefix с- and root -уз-, cf. узкий 'narrow') vs суженый [ˈsuʐɨnɨj] 'betrothed' (originally a participle from судить 'to judge', now an adjective; the root is суд 'court') and с Аней [ˈsʔanʲɪj] 'with Ann' vs Саней [ˈsanʲɪj] '(by) Alex'. There is some dispute over the phonemicity of soft velar consonants. Typically, the soft–hard distinction is allophonic for velar consonants: they become soft before front vowels, as in короткий [kɐˈrotkʲɪj] ('short'), unless there is a word boundary, in which case they are hard (e.g. к Ивану [k ‿ɨvanu] 'to Ivan'). Hard variants occur everywhere else. Exceptions are represented mostly by: - Soft: гёзы, гюрза́, гяу́р, секью́рити, кекс, кяри́з, са́нкхья, хянга́; - Hard: кок-сагы́з, гэ́льский, акы́н, кэб (кеб), хэ́ппенинг. - Proper nouns of foreign origin: - Soft: Алигье́ри, Гёте, Гю́нтер, Гянджа́, Джокьяка́рта, Кёнигсберг, Кюраса́о, Кя́хта, Хью́стон, Хёндэ, Хю́бнер, Пюхяя́рви; - Hard: Мангышла́к, Гэ́ри, Кызылку́м, Кэмп-Дэ́вид, Архы́з, Хуанхэ́. The rare native examples are fairly new, as most them were coined in the last century: - Soft: forms of the verb ткать 'weave' (ткёшь, ткёт etc., and derivatives like соткёшься); догёнок/догята, герцогёнок/герцогята; and adverbial participles of the type берегя, стерегя, стригя, жгя, пекя, секя, ткя (it is disputed whether these are part of the standard language or just informal colloquialisms); - Hard: the name гэ of letter ⟨г⟩, acronyms and derived words (кагебешник, днепрогэсовский), a few interjections (гы, кыш, хэй), some onomatopoeic words (гыгыкать), and colloquial forms of certain patronyms: Олегыч, Маркыч, Аристархыч (where -ыч is a contraction of standard language's patronymical suffix -ович rather than a continuation of ancient -ич). In the mid-twentieth century, a small number of reductionist approaches made by structuralists put forth that palatalized consonants occur as the result of a phonological processes involving /j/ (or palatalization as a phoneme in itself), so that there were no underlying palatalized consonants. Despite such proposals, linguists have long agreed that the underlying structure of Russian is closer to that of its acoustic properties, namely that soft consonants are separate phonemes in their own right. Voiced consonants (/b/, /bʲ/, /d/, /dʲ/ /ɡ/, /v/, /vʲ/, /z/, /zʲ/, /ʐ/, and /ʑː/) are devoiced word-finally unless the next word begins with a voiced obstruent. /ɡ/, in addition to becoming voiceless, also lenites to [x] in some words, such as бог [ˈbox]. Russian features general regressive assimilation of voicing and palatalization. In longer clusters, this means that multiple consonants may be soft despite their underlyingly (and orthographically) being hard. The process of voicing assimilation applies across word-boundaries when there is no pause between words. Within a morpheme, voicing is not distinctive before obstruents (except for /v/, and /vʲ/ when followed by a vowel or sonorant). The voicing or devoicing is determined by that of the final obstruent in the sequence: просьба [ˈprozʲbə] (help·info) ('request'), водка [ˈvotkə] ('vodka'). In foreign borrowings, this isn't always the case for /f(ʲ)/, as in Адольф Гитлер [ɐˈdolʲf ˈɡʲitlʲɪr] ('Adolf Hitler') and граф болеет ('the count is ill'). /v/ and /vʲ/ are unusual in that they seem transparent to voicing assimilation; in the syllable onset, both voiced and voiceless consonants may appear before /v(ʲ)/: - тварь [tvarʲ]) ('the creature') - два [dva] ('two') - световой [s(ʲ)vʲɪtɐˈvoj] ('of light') - звезда [z(ʲ)vʲɪˈzda] ('star') When /v(ʲ)/ precedes and follows obstruents, the voicing of the cluster is governed by that of the final segment (per the rule above) so that voiceless obstruents that precede /v(ʲ)/ are voiced if /v(ʲ)/ is followed by a voiced obstruent (e.g. к вдове [ɡvdɐˈvʲɛ] 'to the widow') while a voiceless obstruent will devoice all segments (e.g. без впуска [bʲɪs ˈfpuskə] 'without an admission'). Before /j/, paired consonants are normally soft as in пью [pʲju] (help·info) 'I drink' and пьеса [ˈpʲjɛsə] 'theatrical play'. However the last consonant of prefixes and parts of compound words generally remains hard in the standard language: отъезд [ɐˈtjest] 'departure', Минюст [ˌmʲiˈnjust] 'Min[istry of] Just[ice]'; and only when prefix ends in /s/ or /z/, there exists an optional softening: съездить [ˈs(ʲ)jezʲdʲɪtʲ] ('to travel'). Paired consonants preceding /e/ are also soft; although there are exceptions from loanwords, alternations across morpheme boundaries are the norm. The following examples show some of the morphological alternations between a hard consonant and its soft counterpart: Velar consonants are soft when preceding /i/; within words, this means that velar consonants are never followed by [ɨ]. Paired consonants preceding another consonant often inherit softness from it. This phenomenon in literary language has complicated and evolving rules with many exceptions, depending on what these consonants are, in what morphemic position they meet and to what style of speech the word belongs. In old Moscow pronunciation, softening was more widespread and regular; nowadays some cases that were once normative have become low colloquial or archaic. In fact, consonants can be softened to very different extent, become semi-hard or semi-soft. The more similar the consonants are, the more they tend to soften each other. Also, some consonants tend to be softened less, such as labials and /r/. Softening is stronger inside the word root and between root and suffix; it is weaker between prefix and root and weak or absent between a preposition and the word following. - Before soft dental consonants, /lʲ/ and often soft labial consonants, dental consonants (other than /t͡s/) are soft. - /x/ is assimilated to the palatalization of the following velar consonant: лёгких [ˈlʲɵxʲkʲɪx] (help·info)) ('lungs' gen. pl.). - Palatalization assimilation of labial consonants before labial consonants is in free variation with nonassimilation, that is бомбить ('to bomb') is either [bɐmˈbʲitʲ] or [bɐmʲˈbʲitʲ] depending on the individual speaker. - When hard /n/ precedes its soft equivalent, it is also soft and likely to form a single long sound (see gemination). This is slightly less common across affix boundaries. In addition to this, dental fricatives conform to the place of articulation (not just the palatalization) of following postalveolars: с частью [ˈɕːæsʲtʲju]) ('with a part'). In careful speech, this does not occur across word boundaries. Russian has the rare feature of nasals not typically being assimilated in place of articulation. Both /n/ and /nʲ/ appear before retroflex consonants: деньжонки [dʲɪnʲˈʐonkʲɪ]) ('money' (scornful)) and ханжой [xɐnˈʐoj]) ('sanctimonious one' instr.). In the same context, other coronal consonants are always hard. As a Slavic language, Russian has fewer phonotactic restrictions on consonants than many other languages, allowing for clusters that would be difficult for English speakers; this is especially so at the beginning of a syllable, where Russian speakers make no sonority distinctions between fricatives and stops. These reduced restrictions begin at the morphological level; outside of two morphemes that contain clusters of four consonants: встрет-/встреч- 'meet' ([ˈfstretʲ/ˈfstret͡ɕ]), and чёрств-/черств- 'stale' ([ˈt͡ɕɵrstv]), native Russian morphemes have a maximum consonant cluster size of three: For speakers who pronounce [ɕt͡ɕ] instead of [ɕː], words like общий ('common') also constitute clusters of this type. If /j/ is considered a consonant in the coda position, then words like айва́ ('quince') contain semivowel+consonant clusters. Affixation also creates consonant clusters. Some prefixes, the best known being вз-/вс- ([vz-]/[fs-]), produce long word-initial clusters when they attach to a morpheme beginning with consonant(s) (e.g. \|fs\|+ \|pɨʂkɐ\| → вспы́шка [ˈfspɨʂkɐ] 'flash'). However, the four-consonant limitation persists in the syllable onset. Clusters of three or more consonants are frequently simplified, usually through syncope of one of them, especially in casual pronunciation. Various cases of relaxed pronunciation in Russian can be seen here. All word-initial four-consonant clusters begin with [vz] or [fs], followed by a stop (or, in the case of [x], a fricative), and a liquid: \|(ему) взбрело (в голову)\|\| \|\|'(he) took it (into his head)'\| \|'to jump up'\| \|\|'to begin to smolder'\| Because prepositions in Russian act like clitics, the syntactic phrase composed of a preposition (most notably, the three that consist of just a single consonant: к, с, and в) and a following word constitutes a phonological word that acts like a single grammatical word. For example, the phrase с друзья́ми ('with friends') is pronounced [zdrʊˈzʲjæmʲɪ]. In the syllable coda, suffixes that contain no vowels may increase the final consonant cluster of a syllable (e.g. Ноя́брьск 'city of Noyabrsk' \|noˈjabrʲ\|+ \|sk\| → [nɐˈjabrʲsk]), theoretically up to seven consonants: мо́нстрств [ˈmonstrstf] ('of monsterships'). There is usually an audible release between these consecutive consonants at word boundaries, the major exception being clusters of homorganic consonants. Consonant cluster simplification in Russian includes degemination, syncope, dissimilation, and weak vowel insertion. For example, /sɕː/ is pronounced [ɕː], as in расще́лина ('cleft'). There are also a few isolated patterns of apparent cluster reduction (as evidenced by the mismatch between pronunciation and orthography) arguably the result of historical simplifications. For example, dental stops are dropped between a dental continuant and a dental nasal or lateral: ле́стный [ˈlʲesnɨj] 'flattering'. Other examples include: \|/vstv/ > [stv]\|\|чу́вство\|\|'feeling'\|\| \|/lnt͡s/ > [nt͡s]\|\|со́лнце\|\|'sun'\|\| \|/rdt͡s/ > [rt͡s]\|\|се́рдце\|\|'heart'\|\| \|/rdt͡ɕ/ > [rt͡ɕ]\|\|сердчи́шко\|\|'heart' (diminutive)\|\| \|/ndsk/ > [nsk]\|\|шотла́ндский\|\|'Scottish'\|\| \|/stsk/ > [sk]\|\|маркси́стский\|\|'Marxist'\|\| The simplifications of consonant clusters are done selectively; bookish-style words and proper nouns are typically pronounced with all consonants even if they fit the pattern. For example, the word голла́ндка is pronounced in a simplified manner [ɡɐˈlankə] for the meaning of 'Dutch oven' (a popular type of oven in Russia) and in a full form [ɡɐˈlantkə] for 'Dutch woman' (a more exotic meaning). Another method of dealing with consonant clusters is inserting an epenthetic vowel (both in spelling and in pronunciation), ⟨о⟩, after most prepositions and prefixes that normally end in a consonant. This includes both historically motivated usage and cases of its modern extrapolations. There are no strict limits when the epenthetic ⟨о⟩ is obligatory, optional, or prohibited. One of the most typical cases of the epenthetic ⟨о⟩ is between a morpheme-final consonant and a cluster starting with the same or similar consonant (e.g. со среды́ 'from Wednesday' \|s\|+ \|srʲɪˈdɨ\| → [səsrʲɪˈdɨ], not с среды; ототру́ 'I'll scrub' \|ot\|+ \|ˈtru\| → [ɐtɐˈtru], not *оттру). There are numerous ways in which Russian spelling does not match pronunciation. The historical transformation of /ɡ/ into /v/ in genitive case endings and the word for 'him' is not reflected in the modern Russian orthography: the pronoun его [jɪˈvo] 'his/him', and the adjectival declension suffixes -ого and -его. Orthographic г represents /x/ in a handful of word roots: легк-/лёгк-/легч- 'easy' and мягк-/мягч- 'soft'. There are a handful of words in which consonants which have long since ceased to be pronounced even in careful pronunciation are still spelled, e.g., the 'l' in солнце [ˈsont͡sə] ('sun'). /n/ and /nʲ/ are the only consonants that can be geminated within morpheme boundaries. Such gemination does not occur in loanwords. Between any vowel and /i/ (excluding instances across affix boundaries but including unstressed vowels that have merged with /i/), /j/ may be dropped: аист [ˈa.ɪst] ('stork') and делает [ˈdʲɛləɪt] ('does'). (Halle (1959) cites заезжать and other instances of intervening prefix and preposition boundaries as exceptions to this tendency.) Stress in Russian may fall on any syllable and words can contrast based just on stress (e.g. мука [ˈmukə] 'ordeal, pain, anguish' vs. [mʊˈka] 'flour, meal, farina'); stress shifts can even occur within an inflexional paradigm: до́ма [ˈdomə] ('house' gen. sg.) vs дома́ [dɐˈma] ('houses'). The place of the stress in a word is determined by the interplay between the morphemes it contains, as some morphemes have underlying stress, while others do not. However, other than some compound words, such as морозоустойчивый [mɐˌrozəʊˈstojtɕɪvɨj] ('frost-resistant') only one syllable is stressed in a word. /ɨ/ velarizes hard consonants: ты [tˠɨ] (help·info) ('you' sing.). /o/ and /u/ velarize and labialize hard consonants and labialize soft consonants: бок [bˠʷok] ('side'), нёс [nʲʷɵs] ('(he) carried'). Between a hard consonant and /o/, a slight [w] offglide occurs, most noticeably after labial, labio-dental and velar consonants (e.g. мок, 'side' [mˠwok]). Similarly, a weak palatal offglide may occur between certain soft consonants and back vowels (e.g. ляжка 'thigh' [ˈlʲjaʂkə]). - Help:IPA for Russian - Russian alphabet - Russian orthography - History of the Russian language - List of Russian language topics - Index of phonetics articles - See, for example, Ozhegov (1953:10); Barkhudarov, Protchenko & Skvortsova (1987:9); Chew (2003:61). The traditional name of ⟨ы⟩, еры [jɪˈrɨ] yery; since 1961 this name has been replaced from the Russian school practice (compare the 7th and 8th editions of the standard textbook of Russian for 5th and 6th grades: Barkhudarov & Kryuchkov (1960:4), and Barkhudarov & Kryuchkov (1961:20). - Chew 2003, p. 61. - Chew 2003, p. 62. - See, for example, Shcherba (1950:15); Matijchenko (1950:40–41); Zemsky, Kryuchkov & Svetlayev (1971:63); Kuznetsov & Ryzhakov (2007:6) - Thus, /ɨ/ is pronounced something like [ɤ̯ɪ], with the first part sounding as an on-glide Padgett (2003b:321) - Jones & Ward 1969, pp. 37-38. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 31. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 33. - Jones & Ward 1969, pp. 41-44. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 193. - Halle 1959, p. 63. - As in Igor Severyanin's poem, Сегодня не приду . . . - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 50. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 56. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 62. - Crosswhite 2000, p. 167. - Jones & Ward 1969, pp. 67-69. - Crosswhite 2000, p. 112. - Avanesov 1975, p. 105-106. - Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:225) - Padgett & Tabain 2005, p. 16. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 51. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 194. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 38. - Avanesov 1985, p. 663. - Zarva 1993, p. 13. - Avanesov 1985, p. 663-666. - Zarva 1993, p. 12-17. - Halle 1959. - Avanesov 1975, p. 121-125. - Avanesov 1985, p. 666. - Zarva 1983, p. 16. - Wade, Terence Leslie Brian (2010). A Comprehensive Russian Grammar (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4051-3639-6. - Avanesov 1975, p. 37-40. - e.g. Avanesov (1975) - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 37. - Padgett 2001, p. 7. - Ashby (2011:133): "Note that though Russian has traditionally been described as having all consonants either palatalized or velarized, recent data suggests that the velarized gesture is only used with laterals giving a phonemic contrast between /lʲ/ and /ɫ/ (...)." - Padgett 2003b, p. 319. - Because of the acoustic properties of [u] and [i] that make velarization more noticeable before front vowels and palatalization before back vowels Padgett (2003b) argues that the contrast before /i/ is between velarized and plain consonants rather than plain and palatalized. - See dicionaries of Ageenko & Zarva (1993) and Borunova, Vorontsova & Yes'kova (1983). - The dictionary Агеенко & Зарва (1993) explicitly says that the nonpalatalized pronunciation /t͡s/ is an error in such cases. - Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:223) - See Avanesov's pronunciation guide in Borunova, Vorontsova & Yes'kova (1983:669) - Padgett 2003a, p. 42. - Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:224) - Hamann 2004, p. 64. - Hamann 2004, p. 56, "Summing up the articulatory criteria for retroflex fricatives, they are all articulated behind the alveolar ridge, show a sub-lingual cavity, are articulated with the tongue tip (though this is not always discernible in the x-ray tracings), and with a retracted and flat tongue body." - Jones & Ward (1969:99 and 160) - Koneczna & Zawadowski (1956:?), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:187) - Jones & Ward (1969:167) - Mathiassen (1996:23) - For example Ashby (2011:133) and Krech et al. (2009). - Skalozub (1963:?); cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:221) - Jones & Ward (1969:104–105 and 162) - Jones & Ward (1969:172). This source mentions only the laminal alveolar realization. - Zygis (2003:181) - Dobrodomov & Izmest'eva 2002. - Dobrodomov & Izmest'eva 2009. - Padgett 2003a, pp. 44, 47. - Stankiewicz 1962, p. 131. - see Lightner (1972) and Bidwell (1962) for two examples. - See Stankiewicz (1962) and Folejewski (1962) for a criticism of Bidwell's approach specifically and the reductionist approach generally. - Halle 1959, p. 22. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 156. - Lightner 1972, p. 377. - Lightner 1972, p. 73. - Halle 1959, p. 31. - Lightner 1972, p. 75. - Chew (2003:67 and 103) - Lightner 1972, p. 82. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 190. - Padgett 2003a, p. 43. - Lightner 1972, pp. 9–11, 12–13. - Padgett 2003a, p. 39. - Аванесов, Р. И. (1984). Русское литературное произношение. М.: Просвещение. pp. 145–167. - Davidson & Roon 2008, p. 138. - Rubach 2000, p. 53. - Halle 1959, p. 57. - Ostapenko 2005, p. 143. - Proctor 2006, p. 2, 126. - Cubberley 2002, p. 80. - Shapiro 1993, p. 11. - Rubach 2000, p. 51. - Bickel & Nichols 2007, p. 190. - Toporov 1971, p. 155. - Zsiga 2003, p. 403. - Cubberley 2002, p. 82. - Halle 1959, p. 69. - Lightner 1972, p. 130. - Lightner 1972, p. 4. - Jones & Ward 1969, pp. 79-80. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. 79. - Jones & Ward 1969, p. ?. - Ageenko, F.L.; Zarva, M.V., eds. (1993), Словарь ударений русского языка (in Russian), Мoscow: Russkij Yazyk, pp. 9–31, ISBN 5-200-01127-2 - Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics, Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0340928271 - Avanesov, R.I. (1975) , Фонетика современного русского литературного языка [Phonetics of modern standard Russian] (in Russian), Lepizig: Zentralantiquariat der DDR - Avanesov, R.I. (1985), "Сведения о произношении и ударении [Information on pronunciation and stress].", in Borunova, C.N.; Vorontsova, V.L.; Yes'kova, N.A., Орфоэпический словарь русского языка. Произношение. Ударение. Грамматические формы [Orthoepical dictionary of the Russian language. Pronunciation. Stress. Grammatical forms] (in Russian) (2nd ed.), pp. 659–684 - Barkhudarov, S. G; Protchenko, I. F; Skvortsova, L. I, eds. (1987). Орфографический словарь русского языка [Orthographic Russian dictionary] (in Russian) (11 ed.). - Barkhudarov, S. G; Kryuchkov, S.E. (1960), Учебник русского языка, ч. 1. Фонетика и морфология. Для 5-го и 6-го классов средней школы (7th ed.), Moscow - Barkhudarov, S. G; Kryuchkov, S.E. (1961), Учебник русского языка, ч. 1. Фонетика и морфология. Для 5-го и 6-го классов средней школы (8th ed.), Moscow - Bickel, Balthasar; Nichols, Johanna (2007), "Inflectional morphology", in Shopen, Timothy, Language Typology and Syntactic Description. Vol. III: Grammatical categories and the lexicon. (2nd ed.), London: Routledge, pp. Chapter 3 - Bidwell, Charles (1962), "An Alternate Phonemic Analysis of Russian", The Slavic and East European Journal, American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages, 6 (2): 125–129, doi:10.2307/3086096, JSTOR 3086096 - Crosswhite, Katherine Margaret (2000), "Vowel Reduction in Russian: A Unified Accountof Standard, Dialectal, and 'Dissimilative' Patterns" (PDF), University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences, 1 (1): 107–172 - Cubberley, Paul (2002), Russian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge University Press - Davidson, Lisa; Roon, Kevin (2008), "Durational correlates for differentiating consonant sequences in Russian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (2): 137–165, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003447 - Dobrodomov, I. G.; Izmest'eva, I. A. (2002), "Беззаконная фонема /ʔ/ в русском языке.", Проблемы фонетики, IV: 36–52 - Dobrodomov, I. G.; Izmest'eva, I. A. (2009), "Роль гортанного смычного согласного в изменении конца слова после падения редуцированных гласных" [Guttural obstruent role in the word end alternation after reduced vowels fall] (PDF), Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук, 11, 4 (4): 1001–1005 - Folejewski, Z (1962), "[An Alternate Phonemic Analysis of Russian]: Editorial comment", The Slavic and East European Journal, 6 (2): 129–130, doi:10.2307/3086097 - Halle, Morris (1959), Sound Pattern of Russian, MIT Press - Hamann, Silke (2004), "Retroflex fricatives in Slavic languages" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 53–67, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001604 - Jones, Daniel; Trofimov, M. V. (1923). The pronunciation of Russian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. - Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press - Koneczna, Halina; Zawadowski, Witold (1956), Obrazy rentgenograficzne głosek rosyjskich, Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe - Krech, Eva Maria; Stock, Eberhard; Hirschfeld, Ursula; Anders, Lutz-Christian (2009), "7.3.13 Russisch", Deutsches Aussprachewörterbuch, Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-018202-6 - Kuznetsov, V.V.; Ryzhakov, M.V., eds. (2007), Универсальный справочник школьника [Pupil's universal reference book], Мoscow, ISBN 978-5-373-00858-7 - Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Blackwell Publishing, ISBN 0-631-19815-6 - Lightner, Theodore M. (1972), Problems in the Theory of Phonology, I: Russian phonology and Turkish phonology, Edmonton: Linguistic Research, inc - Mathiassen, Terje (1996), A Short Grammar of Lithuanian, Slavica Publishers, Inc., ISBN 978-0893572679 - Matiychenko, A.S. (1950), Грамматика русского языка. Часть первая. Фонетика, морфология. Учебник для VIII и IX классов нерусских школ. [Russian grammar. Part 1. Phonetics, morphology. Textbook for the 8th and 9th grades of non-Russian schools] (2nd ed.), Мoscow - Ostapenko, Olesya (2005), "The Optimal L2 Russian Syllable Onset" (PDF), LSO Working Papers in Linguistics, 5: Proceedings of WIGL 2005: 140–151 - Ozhegov, S. I. (1953). Словарь русского языка [Russian dictionary]. - Padgett, Jaye (2001), "Contrast Dispersion and Russian Palatalization", in Hume, Elizabeth; Johnson, Keith, The role of speech perception in phonology, Academic Press, pp. 187–218 - Padgett, Jaye (2003a), "Contrast and Post-Velar Fronting in Russian", Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 21 (1): 39–87, doi:10.1023/A:1021879906505 - Padgett, Jaye (2003b), "The Emergence of Contrastive Palatalization in Russian", in Holt, D. Eric, Optimality Theory and Language Change - Padgett, Jaye; Tabain, Marija (2005), "Adaptive Dispersion Theory and Phonological Vowel Reduction in Russian" (PDF), Phonetica, 62 (1): 14–54, doi:10.1159/000087223, PMID 16116302 - Rubach, Jerzy (2000), "Backness switch in Russian", Phonology, 17 (1): 39–64, doi:10.1017/s0952675700003821 - Schenker, Alexander M. (2002), "Proto-Slavonic", in Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville. G., The Slavonic Languages, London: Routledge, pp. 60–124, ISBN 0-415-28078-8 - Shapiro, Michael (1993), "Russian Non-Distinctive Voicing: A Stocktaking", Russian Linguistics, 17 (1): 1–14, doi:10.1007/bf01839412 - Shcherba, Lev V., ed. (1950). Грамматика русского языка. Часть I. Фонетика и морфология. Учебник для 5-го и 6-го классов семилетней и средней школы [Russian grammar. Part 1. Phonetics and morphology. Textbook for the fifth and sixth grades of seven-year school and high school] (in Russian) (11th ed.). Moscow. - Skalozub, Larisa (1963), Palatogrammy i Rentgenogrammy Soglasnyx Fonem Russkogo Literaturnogo Jazyka, Izdatelstvo Kievskogo Universiteta - Stankiewicz, E. (1962), "[An Alternate Phonemic Analysis of Russian]: Editorial comment", The Slavic and East European Journal, American Association of Teachers of Slavic and East European Languages, 6 (2): 131–132, doi:10.2307/3086098, JSTOR 3086098 - Toporov, V. N. (1971), "О дистрибутивных структурах конца слова в современном русском языке", in Vinogradov, V. V., Фонетика, фонология, грамматика, Moscow - Vinogradov, V. V., История Слов:Суть - Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 45 (2): 221–228, doi:10.1017/S0025100314000395 - Zarva, M.V. (1993), "Правила произношения" [Rules of pronunciation], in Ageenko, F.L.; Zarva, M.V., Словарь ударений русского языка (in Russian), Мoscow: Russkij Yazyk, pp. 9–31, ISBN 5-200-01127-2 - Zemsky, A. M; Svetlayev, M. V; Kriuchkov, S. E (1971). Русский язык. Часть 1. Лексикология, фонетика и морфология. Учебник для педагогических училищ [Russian. I. Lexicography, phonetics, and morphology. 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Conventional financial wisdom: Your mortgage payment can be up to 28 percent of your gross income as long as your total debt payments don't exceed 36 percent of your gross income. CFP Walt Mozdzer of Syverson Strege & Co. of West Des Moines, Iowa, recently counseled a surgeon and his wife about how much house they could afford. The surgeon is starting his first hospital job, and he will make about $240,000 a year. The hospital is paying off his $225,000 in school loans. With about $20,000 a month in gross income, 28 percent would be a house payment of $5,600 a month. Can the doctor skip the McMansion and go straight to the mansion? Not so fast. Instead: Remember, every family is different. For the surgeon and his wife, the magic number was about 25 percent of net income. Why: Although the hospital will pay off the surgeon's medical school loans, those payments will count as income, and the family will have to pay taxes on that phantom income, says Mozdzer. And after living in cramped quarters, he and his wife need money to furnish that house. Also, after living on a shoestring budget for years, they'll have pent-up demand for vacations, dining out, new clothes and more, Mozdzer says. Finally, they're overdue to start college funds for their kids.	236,440
Agriturismo Niccolai - Villa Arnilý - Working farm Agriturismo Niccolai is part of Azienda agricola Palagetto, a typical Tuscan concern which consists of a group of farmhouses, originally farmersí adobes, surrounded by cultivated hills where in ancient times they produced everything the family may need: wheat for bread, oil for seasoning, and wine, which was kept in typical flasks and drunk in feast days only. Today Azienda agricola Palagetto, an important local concern with 70hectares of land shared among vineyards (40hectares), olive groves (20hectares), sown fields, and woodland. The modern estate facilities include: the cellar, the tasting room, and the estate mill. The Estate Palagetto also owns a small farm in Montalcino, where they produced an excellent Brunello di Montalcino DOCG and an inviting Rosso di Montalcino DOC. Web design & web marketing: Genial Pixel - Web agency Tuscany - Photo: Marco Comuzzi	119,006
In the surroundings of Tirolo Castle, there’s Fontana Castle with its museum of agriculture Image gallery: Fontana Castle - Map See map When walking from Tirolo towards Tirolo Castle, a steep path on your left takes you to Fontana Castle, also known as Brunnenburg in German. The castle was built in 1250 by Wilhelm Tarant and got its name from surrounding fountains. Since the 14th century Fontana Castle has seen quite a lot of owners and so the powerful fortress turned first into a ruin, then into a farm and was finally renovated in 1903 by the industrialist Karl Schwickert from Pforzheim in Germany. Only the Kripp family possessed the castle for a longer time, in fact from the 15th until the 18th century. In the 20th century, when the castle was passed to the de Rachewiltz family, it became a centre of cultural meetings. The American writer Ezra Pound finished here the last of his 120 "Cantos" from 1958-1962. The today's owner, Dr. Siegfried de Rachewiltz, is a grandson of Ezra Pound. He established at the castle the Ezra Pound memorial site and the "Ezra Pound Centre for Literature", which is visited by students from all over the world, as well as an agricultural museum. The "Fontana Castle Museum" of agriculture, opened in 1974, introduces to the hard life of mountain farmers. Furthermore you can see different animals such as goats, donkeys and some rare domestic animals. Special exhibitions complete the offer of the museum. Despite careful control we cannot guarantee the correctness of the provided data. Fontana Castle Museum: € 8.00 adults € 7.00 seniors 65+ € 5.00 groups (10 and more persons) € 5.00 students (with ID) € 4.00 children free for children under 6 years discount with the guest card € 4.00 guided tour (per person) Guided tours to the museum are offered for school groups and for groups (on request). Castle and museum stay open from April to the end of October, season start 2024 on March 31.	208,944
The Gwinnett Braves has awarded their September grant to the Norcross High School Foundation for Excellence. According to a press release, the All About Kids-themed grant is worth $1,000 and will help fund Norcross' After School Matters program. The program aims to make after-school time productive and fun for Norcross students. Its mission is to increase the graduation rate, prepare students for a career or college, cultivate different talents, lift self-confidence and decrease risky behavior. The $1,000 grant would go specifically to training teachers for After School Matters, as well as paying for snacks and bus tickets for the students involved, says the news release. “We are so appreciative of the Gwinnett Braves and their commitment to this program,” said Foundation President Chris Saunders upon receiving the grant. “The seven week pilot program last year far exceeded school administrators’ expectations, and with these funds from the G-Braves, we will be able to continue its expansion this school year.” Over the last 11 years, the Norcross High School Foundation for Excellence has funded a wide variety of projects, including the Paul Duke House, the school’s outdoor matrix sign, teacher grants and scholarships for teachers. About the Norcross High School Foundation for Excellence: The Foundation is a 501c3 organization founded in 2001 with a generous gift from Mr. Paul Duke. Its mission is to partner with Norcross High School and the Norcross, Georgia community in continual support of Norcross High School as a world class school. Its goals are to improve facilities of the school, promote equity among all students and develop and strengthen the academic, artistic and athletic capabilities of the students. For more information on how to get involved with the NHS Foundation for Excellence, contact Mr. Chris Saunders at 404-680-0523. - NHS Foundation Hosts Tailgate Event - NHS Foundation Seeking Hall of Fame Nominees - NHS Foundation Is One of the Leading High School Foundations in U.S. - Four Honored at Norcross HS Foundation Annual Gala	168,509
Event Time: Noon – 5:00 p.m. Location: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street, Manhattan ¡Fiesta! Celebrating Hispanic and Latin American Cultures—a museum-wide cultural celebration held during Hispanic Heritage Month with an emphasis on family programming—will be presented on Saturday, September 29, at The Metropolitan Museum of Art by the Museum’s Multicultural Audience Development Initiative and the Museum’s Education Department. The Metropolitan’s fifth annual ¡Fiesta! will feature programs for all ages from noon until 5 p.m., offering visitors art-making activities, talks with renowned artists, music performances, and other exciting activities related to Precolumbian, Spanish, and Latin American art from the Museum’s collection. All of the ¡Fiesta! events are free with Museum admission. This program is made possible by the Great Circle Foundation. Additional support is provided by The Goodman Memorial Foundation and the Barbara and Paul Krieger Education Fund. Events and Programs The festivities will begin at noon on the Museum’s front steps with a dance performance by Ballet Hispanico’s BHdos. From there, visitors can follow the performers inside and participate in one of the many programs taking place throughout the Museum’s galleries and spaces. Bilingual Storytime will begin at noon and 12:30 p.m in the Nolen Library, with stories read by artist and educator Gema Álava in Spanish and English. Mariachi Real de Mexico and students from the Mariachi Academy of New York will perform at 12:30 p.m. and again at 3:00 p.m. in The Charles Engelhard Court, part of the Museum’s recently renovated American Wing. At 1:00 p.m., visitors may learn about the cuatro, a unique stringed instrument, during a demonstration in the Emma and Georgina Bloomberg Arms and Armor Court by J. Kenneth Moore, the Museum’s Frederick P. Rose Curator in Charge of Musical Instruments. In a special collaboration with El Museo del Barrio, visitors are invited to join artists Zachary Fabri and Elia Alba at 1:30 p.m. in the Vélez Blanco Patio as they lead a walk showcasing works from the Museum’s collection that have inspired them. The walk culminates in a discussion with the artists led by El Museo del Barrio curator Rocío Aranda-Alvarado in the Uris Center for Education. At 2:00 and 3:00 p.m., visitors can experience a lively, interactive demonstration of merengue and salsa with Ballet Hispanico’s BHdos in the Vélez Blanco Patio. At 2:00, 2:30, and 3:00 p.m., local TV newscasters will host a special Bilingual Storytime inside the Emma and Georgina Bloomberg Arms and Armor Court. New York City-based Latin-funk collective YerbaBuena will close out the day at 4:00 p.m., blending Caribbean music traditions with contemporary sensibilities in a performance in The Grace Rainey Rogers Auditorium. Additionally, there will be a number of ongoing activities for families from 12:30 to 4:00 p.m., including the Illustrate a Book Art Activity, during which visitors can design a booklet and illustrate a story inspired by Precolumbian art in the Museum’s collection; Cloud City Art Activity, which invites visitors to create layered cityscapes inspired by Argentinian-born artist Tomás Saraceno’s majestic roof garden installation; and Talavera Pottery Art Activity, where visitors can decorate ceramic tiles with motifs inspired by the Met’s collection of Mexican-made Talavera pottery. Special Menu Items The Museum will offer special menus in its Public Cafeteria and American Wing Café during the event. The Public Cafeteria will serve tilapia fillet with chili and lime pico de gallo; chipotle marinated chicken; and black beans and rice at its Main Course Station. The American Wing Café’s Hot Sandwich Special will be a chipotle marinated chicken burrito with rice, beans, and guacamole; churros will be available as a sweet treat. General Event Information ¡Fiesta! program information and directions to events throughout the Museum will be available at the Information Desk inside the main entrance at Fifth Avenue and 82nd Street, and in the Uris Center for Education, which is reached from the ground-floor entrance at Fifth Avenue and 81st Street. All ¡Fiesta! programs are free with Museum admission. Recommended Museum admission is $25 for adults, $17 for seniors (65 and over), and $12 for students. Children under 12 accompanied by an adult are free. About the Metropolitan Museum The Metropolitan Museum of Art is one of the world’s largest and finest museums, with collections of nearly two million works of art that span more than 5,000 years of world culture, from prehistory to the present and from every part of the globe. Located at the edge of Central Park along Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, the Metropolitan Museum welcomed 6.28 million visitors last year. The Multicultural Audience Development Initiative began more than 10 years ago at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. It reflects the Museum’s founding mission to educate and inspire by reaching out to all of its constituencies, including the many diverse communities of the New York Tristate area. Its objectives are to increase awareness of the Museum’s global collections and programs, to diversify its visitorship and Membership, and to increase participation in its programs. # # # September 25, 2012	162,777
‘Prescription Drug Take Back Day’ At Bay Area Police Stations SAN FRANCISCO (KCBS)- San Francisco Police Department’s Southern Station is just one of 5,000 sites across the nation where people can drop off unused and expired prescription drugs. Saturday is National Prescription Drug Take Back Day, an effort between local law enforcement and the Drug Enforcement Agency. Anyone in the city can bring in prescription drugs to the Bryant Street Station, no questions asked, and deposit them for destruction. KCBS’ Anna Duckworth Reports: San Francisco Sgt. Steven Smalley explained even drugs thrown in the trash can end up contaminating the environment. Smalley said the program can prevent people from trying to poison themselves and keeps it out of the hands of people that shouldn’t be taking the drugs. A similar take back last year netted more than 242,000 pounds of prescription drugs. A National Survey on drug use and health done in 2009, found more Americans abuse prescription drugs than cocaine, hallucinogens and heroin combined. Everything collected on Saturday will be incinerated according to police. (Copyright 2011 by CBS San Francisco. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Wire services may have contributed to this report.)	220,972
Gene expression in Eucalyptus branch wood with marked variation in cellulose microfibril orientation and lacking G-layers Article first published online: 14 APR 2008 © CSIRO (2008). Journal compilation © New Phytologist (2008) Volume 179, Issue 1, pages 94–103, July 2008 How to Cite Qiu, D., Wilson, I. W., Gan, S., Washusen, R., Moran, G. F. and Southerton, S. G. (2008), Gene expression in Eucalyptus branch wood with marked variation in cellulose microfibril orientation and lacking G-layers. New Phytologist, 179: 94–103. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02439.x - Issue published online: 14 APR 2008 - Article first published online: 14 APR 2008 - Received: 30 November 2007 Accepted: 7 February 2008 - cellulose microfibril angle; - fasciclin-like AGP; - tension wood - • In response to gravitational stresses, angiosperm trees form tension wood in the upper sides of branches and leaning stems in which cellulose content is higher, microfibrils are typically aligned closely with the fibre axis and the fibres often have a thick inner gelatinous cell wall layer (G-layer). - • Gene expression was studied in Eucalyptus nitens branches oriented at 45° using microarrays containing 4900 xylem cDNAs, and wood fibre characteristics revealed by X-ray diffraction, chemical and histochemical methods. - • Xylem fibres in tension wood (upper branch) had a low microfibril angle, contained few fibres with G-layers and had higher cellulose and decreased Klason lignin compared with lower branch wood. Expression of two closely related fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins and a β-tubulin was inversely correlated with microfibril angle in upper and lower xylem from branches. - • Structural and chemical modifications throughout the secondary cell walls of fibres sufficient to resist tension forces in branches can occur in the absence of G-layer enriched fibres and some important genes involved in responses to gravitational stress in eucalypt xylem are identified.	179,510
Allergy and Hayfever Testing There is a way to get relief from Allergy and Hayfever through Mistrys Pharmacy’s Testing Service Allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to a substance that is usually harmless. They can be triggered by pet dander, pollen, dust mites, or mold spores. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include sneezing, coughing, wheezing, and rashes. The NHS reports that one in four Brits suffer from allergies at some point in their life, and many adults develop new allergies as they get older. It’s important to find out what you’re allergic to so you can take steps to avoid your triggers. That’s where Mistry Pharmacy comes in! Allergy testing is the only way to know for sure if you have an allergy and what type of allergen triggers it. Our tests will help identify your specific allergies and find a treatment plan that works for you. What types of Allergy tests are there? There are a number of tests that we can provide to help you find the solution to your allergies; – Skin prick tests are the most common type of allergy test and can be done at home or in a doctor’s office. The skin prick test involves placing drops of liquid containing an allergen on your skin and then pricking it with a needle. If you have an allergy to that particular substance, an itchy red bump will appear where your skin was pricked within about 15 minutes. – Patch tests are a simple way to determine what is causing your symptoms. They involve placing small amounts of suspected allergens on patches that are then taped onto your skin for 48 hours. The patches will be removed and examined under a microscope for signs of allergy-causing substances such as pollen or pet dander. – Blood tests can be used to check whether your body has created antibodies in response to specific allergens. These tests are not as accurate as skin prick testing, but they do provide more information about the types of allergies you have and how severe they may be. They also show if you have an allergy that is not currently causing symptoms or one that would only cause symptoms when certain things happen (like eating a particular food). – Elimination diets can help identify the foods that trigger your symptoms, so you know what to avoid in order to feel better. We have an elimination diet for every type of allergy – gluten-free, dairy-free, soy-free, egg-free, corn-free and more! You’ll get personalized support from our team of experts who will guide you through this process step by step. – Challenge testing is a supervised test where you eat increasing amounts of the suspected allergen. You need to do this under strict supervision, as medical staff need to be present in case of a severe reaction. It’s important that you know what your triggers are so that you can avoid them and live an allergy-free life. Get your Allergy tests in Market Harborough with Mistry Pharmacy! If your symptoms are severe or it’s not clear what you’re allergic to, then it might be time for an allergy test with a GP or at an allergy clinic. It doesn’t matter if this sounds scary – we’re here to help! We’ll walk through everything from how the tests work, how they’re done and why they’re important. We offer a comprehensive allergy test that will help identify any substances or foods which may be triggering your symptoms. With this information, you’ll have the power to make healthier choices and live a happier life without being held back by allergies! What is Hayfever? Hayfever is a common seasonal allergy that affects around 1 in 3 adults in the UK. You can easily buy hayfever treatments from your pharmacist, such as over-the-counter antihistamines, eye drops and nasal sprays. However, if these regular treatments aren’t controlling your symptoms, there are several prescription medications available. Mistry Pharmacy is able to offer these treatments after a short consultation. What Causes Hayfever? Hayfever is an allergic response to plant and tree pollen. The condition is seasonal and has links to the time of the year when trees and plants release their pollen, most notably in the summer. If you have hayfever your symptoms may include: – Sneezing and an itchy, runny or blocked nose (allergic rhinitis) – Itchy, red, watering eyes (conjunctivitis) – Wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath and a cough – A raised, itchy, red rash (hives) Your body’s immune reaction is a defence against a potentially dangerous substance. However, when the substance is not dangerous, such as pollen, we call this response an allergy. So, an allergy is not an auto-immune disease. It is an immune response. What hayfever treatments are available? We can prescribe antihistamines and nasal sprays to treat your hayfever: – Fexofenadine – antihistamine tablets – Dymista (azelastine and fluticasone) – nasal spray – Rhinolast (azelastine) – nasal spray. These medications may be helpful if, for example, other treatments have been ineffective at controlling your hayfever symptoms. The treatments may also be suitable for children aged over 6 or 12 as well as adults. However, Fexofenadine is not available if you are over 65 years of age, pregnant or breastfeeding. Contact us, or pop into the pharmacy for more information about our Hayfever service or to book in! You can also use the easy booking system below to book an appointment. Please note: If you are late for your appointment we cannot guarantee that you will be seen and you may need to rebook.	165,696
When Religion becomes Dangerous September 11, bomb attacks in Madrid and London with hundreds of victims, burning automobiles, homes, police stations, and churches all over the world: Truth claims paired with violence or its justification yield fundamentalism. This phenomenon can be found in all religions and worldviews. And yet a critique is justified: The term ‘fundamentalism’ is often used unjustly as a polemical form against those who think differently. This absorbing book enlightens and sensitizes to a serious problem in our terminology which hinders really understanding the problem. As a sociologist the author defines fundamentalism as a militant truth claim and then finds corresponding currents in all religions and worldviews. - Thomas Schirrmacher. Fundamentalism – When Religion becomes Dangerous. The WEA Global Issues Series. Vol. 14. Culture and Science Publishing: Bonn, 2013. ISBN: 978-3-86269-054-1. 134 pp. Downloads and Links:	2,282
In Response To 'Re: Re: Numerical analysis gives wrong result' I was referring only to the computational side. you cannot expect that with a==0 where a is an approximate number and 0 is an accurate number you will get roundoff errors and other inaccuracies. For the present case it is better (and not to computationally intensive) to use exact numbers, i.s., using rationals 0.1 is replace by 1/10 etc. do not use the decimal point another issue is not to use Simplify / FullSimplify in the body of the search, since these are time consuming functions and you are looking for the numerical result I modified your program accordingly, and notice that the printout is much larger I didn't modify anything else (although I never use For loops), I have no time for this Moreover, I prefer not to get into the theory (not my field, nor having time), so I do not consider if the algorithmic search is correct, I only referred to the "Mathematica aspect" of your program Look at the attached notebook Attachment: For Forum.nb, URL: ,	94,475
Mechanistic roles for calcium and vitamin D in the regulation of body weight Obes Rev. 2012 Mar 2. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2012.00986.x. M. J. Soares1 m.soares at curtin.edu.au L. L. Murhadi1, A. V. Kurpad2, W. L. Chan She Ping-Delfos1, L. S. Piers3 1 Program of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 2 Department of Physiology, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India 3 Centre for Health & Society, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Article first published online: 2 MAR 2012 © 2012 The Authors. obesity reviews © 2012 International Association for the Study of Obesity Low intakes of calcium and inadequate vitamin D status often cluster with higher prevalence rates of obesity. Consequently, there has been much interest in the mechanisms by which calcium and vitamin D could regulate body weight and adiposity. This review has focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have manipulated these nutrients and studied pathways of energy balance. Overall, there is consistent evidence that calcium and vitamin D increase whole body fat oxidation after single and multiple meals, and that calcium promotes a modest energy loss through increased faecal fat excretion. The evidence is equivocal for - a greater diet-induced thermogenesis, - increased lipolysis, - suppression of key lipogenic enzymes, - decreased hunger ratings or - reduced energy/macronutrient intake. Emerging evidence suggests a potential improvement in insulin sensitivity following vitamin D that would impinge on food intake and substrate oxidation. However, the very few RCTs on supplemental vitamin D and energy balance have not explored postprandial avenues of the hormone's actions. Future efforts in this area need to define the threshold intake of these nutrients that would maximize metabolic and gastrointestinal outcomes. Such studies would provide a platform for endorsing the non-skeletal role of calcium and vitamin D in human pathophysiology. CLICK HERE for PDF if registered (free) - - - - - - - - - - - - - First two sentences of conclusion It is our opinion that calcium with or without vitamin D modulates human energy metabolism. The evidence is convincing that calcium increases fat oxidation after a single meal and over several meals of the day	159,741
- "Launch all fighters! Knock out that Super Star Destroyer at the docks along with anything else you can get. I want this to be messy!" - ―Isolder commands the Song of War over Dathomir The Song of War was a Hapan Battle Dragon produced by Olanji/Charubah that served as both a flagship in the Hapes Consortium's Royal Navy and Hapan Prince Isolder's cruiser from 8 ABY to at least 25 ABY. Isolder used the red-colored Song of War in 8 ABY to pursue the smuggler Han Solo to the planet Dathomir after Solo abducted Princess Leia Organa. There, the Song of War encountered and engaged the forces of rogue Imperial Warlord Zsinj while Isolder and Jedi Knight Luke Skywalker followed Solo and his captive to the planet surface before the Battle Dragon departed the system. Later, in 25 ABY, during the initial year of the Yuuzhan Vong War, the Song of War led a fleet of Hapan warships to join the New Republic's fight against the Yuuzhan Vong species. The Battle Dragon participated in a battle at the planet Fondor that saw the majority of the Hapan war fleet destroyed by a blast from the Centerpoint Station superweapon. A Hapan Battle Dragon produced by the company Olanji/Charubah, the Song of War was a heavily-armed cruiser consisting of two saucers stacked upon one another and measuring 500 meters in length. Like those on other Battle Dragons, the guns of the Song of War could rotate around the edges of the saucers, allowing recharging guns to move out of optimal position in order to permit fresh guns to take their place; this gave the Song of War the ability to maintain a steady rate of fire, despite the use of archaic recharging Hapan weapons. With a hull colored red, the Song of War had an armament consisting of torpedo tubes, ion cannons, and turbolasers. In battle, the weapons of the Song of War could drain so much power that some corridors would only be illuminated by emergency light buoys. The Battle Dragon also had a deflector shield generator, though starfighters would be able to punch through the shields with their fire and potentially knock out the rotating gun emplacements. Equipped with a hyperdrive and a Hapan navigation computer, the Song of War could travel the sixty-four parsecs from the Hapes Cluster to the planet Dathomir in seven days with the help of a Jedi to navigate; without a Jedi, the Song of War could only make it in seventeen. The Battle Dragon had a bridge, which included a viewscreen and was used as the ship's control room, as well as an alarm system that was used to deliver warnings about potential threats. Possessing flight decks, the Song of War had a complement of starfighters—including Prince Isolder's personal fighter, Storm, and at least one X-wing starfighter—and had enough room in the hangar bays to accommodate the complement alongside an additional X-wing. The Battle Dragon was further equipped with life support. Battle with ZsinjEdit - "Captain Astarta. Take over the attack. I'm going down to the planet." - ―Isolder gives command of the Song of War to Astarta By the year 8 ABY, during the time of the Galactic Civil War between the New Republic and the remnants of the Galactic Empire, the Song of War served the Hapes Consortium as a Hapan Royal Navy flagship under the command of Prince Isolder of the planet Hapes. In 8 ABY, the Hapans looked to unite themselves with the government of the New Republic by wedding Isolder to Princess Leia Organa, a prominent New Republic politician. However, former smuggler Han Solo, who had feelings for Organa, abducted her and took her to the planet Dathomir in the Outer Rim Territories. Not willing to let Solo get away with his potential bride, Isolder decided to pursue the man and did so in the Song of War, leaving behind the fleet that Isolder's mother, Ta'a Chume, was taking to go after Solo. With the aid of Jedi Knight Luke Skywalker, who was willing to help Isolder because he believed that his sister, Organa, was in danger, the Song of War took only seven days to reach Dathomir, as the Jedi's abilities let Isolder take a more efficient route. Upon its arrival at Dathomir, the Song of War found an orbital shipyard that was being used by the forces of Warlord Zsinj, a former Imperial Grand Moff, to repair his damaged warships; additionally, the docks were guarded by two Imperial Star Destroyers. Using his Jedi abilities, Skywalker was able to locate Organa, and he informed the prince that she was safely en route to the surface of Dathomir. Isolder ordered the Song of War to launch all fighters to engage the enemy, attacking the helpless Imperial ships being repaired on the dock in order to get the attention of Zsinj's forces. Ceding control of the Battle Dragon to Captain Astarta so that he could accompany Skywalker to the planet's surface to pursue Solo and Organa, Isolder ordered Astarta to continue fighting Zsinj's forces until the prince made it safely onto Dathomir. In addition, the prince commanded Astarta to warn Ta'a Chume's Hapan fleet of what to expect when they arrived at Dathomir after the Song of War retreated and to join the fleet in fighting against Zsinj. In response to the barrage of fire from the Song of War, the two Star Destroyers backed away and spread themselves apart in order to force the Battle Dragon to fire on only one of the capital ships. However, Astarta chose a different path; she took the Song of War over to the orbital docks and pounded the Executor-class Star Dreadnought Iron Fist, which was being repaired there, while the two opposing capital ships retained their distance. While the Song of War distracted Zsinj's forces, fighting off starfighters launched from a pair of Victory-class Star Destroyers sitting in the shipyards, both Isolder and Skywalker safely made it onto the planet, and Asarta then withdrew the Song of War from the vicinity of Dathomir by taking it to hyperspace. Yuuzhan Vong WarEdit The Song of War continued to serve as a flagship in the Hapan Royal Navy and was still under Isolder's command in the year 25 ABY. In that year, the extra-galactic Yuuzhan Vong species invaded the galaxy and assaulted the New Republic. Losing ground to the invaders, the New Republic convinced the Hapans to enter the war on their side, and the Song of War server as the flagship of a Hapan force led by Isolder that was dispatched to engage the Yuuzhan Vong. The red Battle Dragon led a fleet of considerable size to the world of Commenor, where the Hapan ships were to wait until the Yuuzhan Vong attacked the Corellian system, as the New Republic had planned, where the Hapan fleet and other New Republic elements would then ambush the invaders. Instead, the Yuuzhan Vong duped them and attacked the shipyards of the planet Fondor in what came to be known as the Battle of Fondor. With the other New Republic fleets unable to reach the Fondor system, the Song of War and the Hapan Royal Navy jumped to Fondor and prepared to engage the Yuuzhan Vong warships. However, both the Hapan Royal Navy and the Yuuzhan Vong fleet were devastated by a blast from the New Republic–controlled superweapon Centerpoint Station, which destroyed numerous vessels on both sides of the battle; the Song of War, with Isolder aboard, was just outside the blast and managed to survive the destruction, though it had to limp back to the Hapes Cluster after the Yuuzhan Vong retreated from Fondor. Around two weeks after the disaster at Fondor, the Song of War was in a stationary orbit of the New Republic capital world of Coruscant, from where it was scheduled to take Isolder back to Hapes that day. Commanders and crewEdit The Song of War's commander was Hapan Prince Isolder, who managed to rise to a high level of distinction in the matriarchal society of the Hapes Consortium. Despite being a prince, Isolder knew how to both command the Battle Dragon and pilot his own starfighter, Storm, in combat against enemy forces. In 8 ABY, Isolder's second-in-command was Captain Astarta, who was a loyal bodyguard for Isolder. Among the crew of the Song of War were those who served on the bridge of the red cruiser as well as the flight crews who prepared starfighters for launch on the flight decks. Behind the scenesEdit The Song of War first appeared in the 1994 novel The Courtship of Princess Leia, written by Dave Wolverton. The Battle Dragon later made an appearance in the 2000 The New Jedi Order installment Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse, by James Luceno. The Song of War has been mentioned in several sourcebooks, including both the Star Wars Encyclopedia and The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia. - The Courtship of Princess Leia (First appearance) - The New Jedi Order: Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse - Star Wars Encyclopedia - A Guide to the Star Wars Universe, Third Edition - The Official Star Wars Fact File 99 (ISO1, Prince Isolder) - The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia - Galaxy of Intrigue Notes and referencesEdit - ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 The New Jedi Order: Agents of Chaos II: Jedi Eclipse - ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 The Courtship of Princess Leia - ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Official Star Wars Fact File 90 (HAP 2, Hapan Battle Dragon) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Galaxy of Intrigue - ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia, Vol. II, p. 121 ("Isolder") - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 The Essential Reader's Companion - ↑ 7.0 7.1 The Essential Atlas - ↑ The Official Star Wars Fact File 99 (ISO1, Prince Isolder)	249,768
Ants-Hannes Viira, Anne Pöder, Rando Värnik Published: 01.03.2013 〉 Volume 62 (2013), Number 1, 52-64 〉 Resort: Articles Submitted: N. A. 〉 Feedback to authors after first review: N. A. 〉 Accepted: N. A. The process of structural changes in Estonian agriculture is influenced by both socioeconomic factors that are similar in other western countries and transition-related factors. This current paper aims to investigate the effects of such socioeconomic factors on the probabilities of farm growth, decline and exit relative to retaining the previous farm size. The survey and agricultural registers’ data are used for multinomial logit estimation. The results indicate that the farm growth probability is highest in the 40-49 year age group. The availability of successors significantly reduced farm exit probability, and the level of education of the farm operator increased the farm growth probability. While off-farm work was more probable in smaller farms and in cases of more educated and younger farm managers, it was evident that the off-farm employment of the farm operator significantly increased the probability of farm exit. While the larger farms have a higher probability of remaining in business, and lower probability to exit or decline, they do not have higher growth probability. Participation in a semi-subsistence farming scheme reduces the exit probability. It has been shown that farms founded during the beginning of transition due to restitution have lower decline and growth probabilities, indicating that such farmers are emotionally more inclined to maintain the farms of their forefathers.	284,929
"For someone 'born in Hawaii,' you'd think Obama would prefer visiting Pearl Harbor" TO ASK THE QUESTION IS TO ANSWER IT: Victor Davis Hanson: President Obama Is Visiting Hiroshima. Why Not Pearl Harbor? What opportunity does Pearl Harbor present the semi-retired president on his final tour as the nation’s official scold in chief to lecture America on its inherent evil? Related: “Let us think of Truman as President […] This year marks the 75th anniversary of the December 7, 1941, Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor that killed more than 2,400 Americans. President Obama is visiting Hiroshima this week, SHIMA, Japan (AP) — Laying bare the complex politics of reconciliation and contrition, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Wednesday rejected the idea of visiting Pearl Harbor to reciprocate for President Barack Obama's historic trip...Show More Summary President Obama is making a historic visit to Hiroshima Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe does not plan on visiting Hawaii's Pearl Harbor after Barack Obama's upcoming visit to Hiroshima.Abe said he... SHIMA, Japan (AP) — President Barack Obama said Wednesday he plans to use his historic visit to Hiroshima with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to reflect on the suffering of war and the need to take steps to prevent it. [...] that...Show More Summary Abe says that trip included a speech to a joint meeting of Congress and a visit to the World War II Memorial in Washington, where he laid a wreath. The White House says Obama won't apologize for the decision to drop the bomb, but will...Show More Summary Family members of Navy Chief Petty Officer Albert Hayden believe his mother saved the grave plot beside her own hoping her son would be returned to her. He was the first American casualty against the Japanese, nine years before Pearl Harbor. Today he has a shrine dedicated to him in China. DPAA has identified and accounted for the following formerly-missing US military personnel.: From World War II • ENS Ensign John C. England, assigned to the crew of the USS Oklahoma, US Navy, was lost at Pearl Harbor, HI, on 7 December 1941. He was accounted for on 6 May 2016. • ENS Ensign William M. […] Back in January, Hondo told us that the remains of Navy Chief Petty Officer Albert Hayden, from the crew of the USS OKLAHOMA who was lost on December 7th, 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor, were identified by the DPAA. Now we get the news that he will finally come home next week; Navy […] The U.S. military has identified the remains of a sailor from Maryland who was killed in the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. On December 7, 1941, Japan’s surprise attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor killed more han 2,000 people and drew the country into World War II. President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the War Production Board to oversee...Show More Summary Newt Gingrich, that brilliant historian of history who knows history real good, is seriously worried Barack Obama will weaken America’s place in the world when he visits Hiroshima later this month, the first time a sitting U.S. president has traveled to the site of the first atomic bombing. And while the administration has taken pains Of the three types of Japanese aircraft that descended on Pearl Harbor on the morning of Dec. 7, 1941, the Nakajima B5N bomber was by far the most destructive, becoming one of the most feared and deadly weapons of World War II. Nicknamed "Kate" by U.S. Show More Summary When Pearl Jam played Quebec City last week, they had a special guest: A 10-year-old kid from Bar Harbor, Maine, who’d driven up with his parents for the show. According to ABC News, young Noah Keeley’s parents sent the band an email with a video of Noah playing Pearl Jam songs on guitar. And during […] DPAA has identified and accounted for the following formerly-missing members of the US military. From World War II • LT Julian B. Jordan, assigned to the crew of the USS Oklahoma, was lost on 7 December 1941 at Pearl Harbor, HI. He was accounted for on 27 April 2016. • ENS Lewis B. Pride, assigned […] In their techno-thriller Ghost Fleet, authors Peter Singer and August Cole describe a cataclysmic world war that begins with a Chinese sneak attack against the U.S. in space. First, soldiers at China’s Cyber Command Headquarters in Shanghai hack into the Pentagon’s network of GPS satellites and scramble their signals. Show More Summary DPAA has identified and accounted for the following formerly-missing members of the US military. From World War II • FM3 Kenneth L. Jayne, assigned to the crew of the USS Oklahoma, was lost on 7 December 1941 at Pearl Harbor, HI. He was accounted for on 14 April 2016. • CPL George G. Simmons, H […]	203,047
This post contains affiliate links. Knowing how to prune your mint plants is so valuable as it will not only make your mint plants bushier and nicer to look at but also much more productive. In this article, I cover the easiest ways to prune mint plants of different sizes, why and when you should prune for the best results, and more. The easiest way to prune mint plants is to use pruning shears to cut the stems back by about half. The best place to cut mint stems when pruning is right above sets of leaves, as that will cause two new stems to grow from the ones you cut, thereby making the plant a lot more productive. Pruning promotes new growth and is the most efficient way to make your mint plants more productive. Keep reading as I explain the easiest ways to prune your mint, no matter the size, as well as why pruning is important, what the best time of the year to prune mint is, and more tips that will help you get a super productive and nice-looking mint plant. Why It Is Important to Prune Mint Plants Of course, your mint might grow even if you don’t prune it at all, but not pruning it would be such a shame, in my opinion, because you would be missing out on a lot more mint than you think, and it is so easy. Pruning mint is important as it promotes new growth and allows new stems and leaves to grow at a faster rate than before, thereby making the plant much more productive. Pruning also reduces the risk of pests and diseases attacking your mint, making it easier to take care of. When you prune your mint, a cool trick is to take the cuttings, root them in water, and then grow them as new plants. Just take the cuttings, remove the leaves from the bottom half and place them in water covering the bottom half. After about two weeks, they can be planted in soil as new plants. Aside from giving your mint good growing conditions (which you can learn all about here), pruning is the most important thing you can do to make your plants grow faster and better and be more productive. Now that you know why pruning your mint is important let’s get into how you do it. Pruning small mint plants is slightly different from pruning big ones as the big ones are generally more robust and can take a heavier pruning. I cover both below. How to Prune Small Mint Plants to Make Them More Productive Pruning a small mint plant is great as it will make the plant bushier and more productive already from an early stage. Small mint plants are not as robust as bigger and more established ones, so you have to be a little gentle when you prune them. The best way to prune or trim small mint plants is to cut each stem about an inch above the third set of leaves and then again after it has produced another three sets of leaves. It is important that there are leaves left on the stems after they are cut so they can absorb sunlight, as that helps them grow back faster. When you cut a mint stem right above a set of leaves, it will begin to grow as two new stems instead of the initial one, which essentially doubles the production compared to before. If you do this from the beginning and repeat it a couple of times throughout the season, the plant will surely become big, bushy, and super productive in no time. You can see exactly where to cut in the photo above. As you can see, two new stems have started to grow from the joint between the main stem and the set of leaves. When you prune your mint (and other plants, for that matter), it is important that you use some sharp and clean pruning shears to avoid damaging the plant and reducing the risk of pests and diseases taking advantage of the fresh cut. I use and recommend these pruning shears from Amazon which I bought some time ago and am really happy with. Easiest Way to Prune Large Mint Plants or Bushes Mint plants spread like wildfire, so they quickly grow really big if they are not contained in a pot. If you have a really big mint plant, you shouldn’t spend time cutting every stem one by one when you prune it, as that will take forever. I have a faster and easier way you can use. The easiest way to prune large mint plants or bushes is to grab a handful of stems and cut them back by about half at the same time. Large mint plants or bushes are typically very robust and can survive heavy prunings. The difference between pruning big and small mint plants is essentially how gentle you are. A large and well-established mint can survive almost anything, so you can be a bit rougher than with small plants. You can even use a hedge trimmer for really big mint plants instead of pruning shears to speed things up. This method is, of course, a lot rougher than the method I described for the small mint plants. You don’t have to worry about damaging your mint though, as long as you make sure not to cut it all the way to the ground as that will make it take a lot longer before it grows back. After a cold winter, your mint plant will probably not look very fresh and happy but rather dry and a bit boring. Don’t worry, though. Prune the dry mint plant properly, and it will grow back better than ever in the spring. I cover how below. How to Prune a Dried Up Mint Plant After the Winter After a cold winter, chances are your mint plant doesn’t look too good, but rather very yellow or brown and dry, but unlike a lot of other herbs, mint can actually survive the winter in most areas. To be more precise, the stems and leaves will die when the temperatures drop below the freezing point, but the roots will almost always survive as they are protected by a layer of soil. Once it gets warmer and there is more sunlight in the spring, fresh new growth will start to appear, and there will usually be more of it than before the winter. To give your mint the best start of the season after a rough winter, you should know how to prune it. Here is my tip: To prune a mint plant that has dried up and become brown over the winter, cut the stems just above ground level, but do not remove any green growth. Instead, remove as much dead growth as possible to make room for new growth and reduce the risk of mold and other problems. While this is a great thing to do in the spring if you haven’t done it earlier, I actually recommend cutting your mint back to just above the ground at the end of the growing season rather than in the spring since it can start to grow back earlier. You can read more about that on this link. Other than just removing dead growth after the winter, there are other times when it is a really good idea to prune your mint. Below, I explain the best time to prune your mint for various situations. When Should You Prune Your Mint? Best Time to Prune Mint There is a lot of contradicting information online about when you should prune your mint, and to be honest, you can do it all year, but there are some advantages to doing it at certain times. The best time to prune or trim mint is in the summer, just as the first flowers appear. Doing so will delay the flowering process and extend the growing season. As mentioned, you can prune mint more or less whenever you want. The only thing you have to keep in mind is that the more you cut back your mint, the longer it takes for it to grow back to the same size, but the bushier and more productive it will also become. I generally prefer to give my mint plants some light prunings several times throughout the season and then a heavy pruning in the summer as described above to extend the growing season. The light pruning I do is essentially just harvesting, but instead of just picking some leaves, I cut or pinch the stems as that also makes them split in two, just like regular pruning. If you do this, just make sure you don’t harvest from the same part of the plant all the time, but switch between harvests to allow it to grow back properly. You can read more about how to harvest mint so it keeps growing in this article. Gardening Know How seems to agree that it is good to frequently do some light pruning by pinching off a few stems whenever you need some in the kitchen. Pruning your mint before it begins to flower will extend the growing season and make it produce more leaves, but you might actually want it to flower. There can be multiple reasons why you would want your mint to flowers, such as attracting pollinators to your garden, collecting seeds, or even using the flowers in salads or other dishes. Below, I explain when you should and shouldn’t remove the flowers from your mint. When You Should and Shouldn’t Remove Flowers From Mint Whether or not you should remove the flowers from your mint plant depends on what you want to get out of the plant. \|Remove the flowers from your mint if: \|Do not remove the flowers from your mint if: \|You want it to keep growing so you can harvest more leaves \|You want to attract pollinators to your garden \|You want to reduce the overall size of the plant with a heavy pruning \|You want to collect seeds from the plants \|You want to harvest the flowers to use them in cooking \|You enjoy how the flowers look in your garden \|You want to use the flowers for decoration \|You don’t mind that the leaves lose a bit of taste Most people probably just want to be able to harvest as many leaves from their mint as possible. If you are one of those people, remove the flowers as soon as they appear. The faster, the better. If you have a garden with several different plants you might want to consider letting your mint flower to attract bees. You definitely shouldn’t underestimate the effect of having bees and other pollinators in your garden. They help spread the pollen from your plants, thereby pollinating them and increasing the overall production of your plants. Even large-scale agricultural projects use honey bees for pollination and increase the value of the projects by billions of dollars every year. You can read much more about that in this report from Cornell University. That’s how good bees are in your garden, so keep that in mind when you decide if you should let your mint flower or not. If you have multiple mint plants, I recommend doing both. Remove the flowers from some of them to keep them growing and producing, and let the flowers stay on some of them to attract pollinators.	224,605
President Obama, who talks about his Christian faith quite regularly, references it again in his messages around Christmas. The Obamas attended the Sunday (Dec. 16) taping of “Christmas in Washington’’ benefit concert, which aids the Children’s National Medical Center. “I should remind my girls that I like getting Christmas presents as much as anybody. (Laughter.)” he said, according to a transcript provided by the White House. “But this is also a time to remember the story of a child born to two faithful travelers on a holy night, long ago.” In his address, Obama referenced to what Jesus considered the two greatest commandments. “The sacred birth of Jesus Christ was God’s gift to man on Earth. And through His example, He taught us that we should love the Lord, love our neighbors, as we love ourselves; It’s a teaching that has endured for generations,” he said. “And today, it lies at the heart of my faith and that of millions of Americans, and billions around the globe.” As he has in the past, Obama appears to make an effort to reach out to all faiths–or those of no faith, with a call to action. “No matter who we are, or where we come from, or how we worship, it’s a message of hope and devotion that can unite all of us this holiday season,” he said. “It compels all of us to reach out and help our less fortunate citizens — our poor, our sick, our neighbors in need — and to serve those who sacrifice so much on our behalf.” The White House Christmas card with the White House as a pop-up, is fairly generic. “As we gather around this season,” the card reads, “may the warmth and joy of the holidays fill your home.” At the lighting of the Christmas tree on Dec. 6, Obama also retold the story of Jesus’s birth. “Each Christmas, we celebrate the birth of a child who came into the world with only a stable’s roof to shelter Him. But through a life of humility and the ultimate sacrifice, a life guided by faith and kindness towards others, Christ assumed a mighty voice, teaching us lessons of compassion and charity that have lasted more than two millennia.” He expanded on how Jesus impacted those around him. “[Jesus] ministered to the poor. He embraced the outcast. He healed the sick,” Obama said. “And in Him we see a living example of scripture that we ought to love others not only through our words, but also through our deeds.” Like in many of his speeches, Obama expanded on the story to make it universal. “It’s a message both timeless and universal — no matter what God you pray to, or if you pray to none at all — we all have a responsibility to ourselves and to each other to make a difference that is real and lasting,” he said. “We are our brother’s keeper. We are our sister’s keeper.”	137,103
Proserpina was so delighted when they hung the necklace round her neck that she wanted to give them something in return. “Will you come with me into the fields,” she asked, “and I will gather flowers and make you each a wreath?” “Oh no, dear Proserpina,” said the sea-children, “we may not go with you on the dry land. We must keep close beside the sea and let the waves wash over us every minute or two. If it were not for the salt water we should soon look like bunches of dried sea-weed instead of sea-children.” “That is a great pity,” said Proserpina, “but if you wait for me here, I will run to the fields and be back again with my apron full of flowers before the waves have broken over you ten times. I long to make you some wreaths as beautiful as this necklace with all its colored shells.” “We will wait, then,” said the sea-children: “we will lie under the water and pop up our heads every few minutes to see if you are coming.” Proserpina ran quickly to a field where only the day before she had seen a great many flowers; but the first she came to seemed rather faded, and forgetting what Mother Ceres had told her, she strayed a little farther into the fields. Never before had she found such beautiful flowers! Large sweet-scented violets, purple and white; deep pink roses; hyacinths with the biggest of blue bells; as well as many others she did not know. They seemed to grow up under her feet, and soon her apron was so full that the flowers were falling out of the corners. Proserpina was just going to turn back to the sands to make the wreaths for the sea-children, when she cried out with delight. Before her was a bush covered with the most wonderful flowers in the world. “What beauties!” said Proserpina, and then she thought, “How strange! I looked at that spot only a moment ago; why did I not see the flowers?” They were such lovely ones too. More than a hundred different kinds grew on the one bush: the brightest, gayest flowers Proserpina had ever seen. But there was a shiny look about them and about the leaves which she did not quite like. Somehow it made her wonder if this was a poison plant, and to tell the truth she was half inclined to turn round and run away. “How silly I am!” she thought, taking courage: “it is really the most beautiful bush I ever saw. I will pull it up by the roots and carry it home to plant in mother’s garden.” Holding her apron full of flowers with one hand, Proserpina seized the large shrub with the other and pulled and pulled. What deep roots that bush had! She pulled again with all her might, and the earth round the roots began to stir and crack, so she gave another big pull, and then she let go. She thought there was a rumbling noise right below her feet, and she wondered if the roots went down to some dragon’s cave. Then she tried once again, and up came the bush so quickly that Proserpina nearly fell backwards. There she stood, holding the stem in her hand and looking at the big hole which its roots had left in the earth.	164,226
Pirates in the town of Harardhere, off the coast of which the MV Faina had been held since its capture on September 25, said more than $3m in ransom had been paid. "The deal was $3.5m. The owners of the ship wanted to pay only one million but we resisted," said one pirate on condition of anonymity. "There was a time we thought of releasing the ship without any payment on humanitarian grounds but we spent a lot of borrowed money on khat cigarettes, coca cola, mineral water and food" Ahmed Mohamed Abdi, senior Somali pirate Ali confirmed a ransom was paid but would not reveal the amount, describing it only as "not huge... something to cover our expenses". Fishermen and pirates in the Harardhere area said they had spotted navy ships from an international anti-piracy coalition moving towards the freed Ukrainian vessel and transferring men onboard. The Ukrainian presidency also confirmed the ship's release in a statement and said the vessel had resumed its journey to its initial destination, the Kenyan port of Mombasa. But sources close to the pirates believe that the Faina does not currently have enough fuel to reach the destination. The office of Viktor Yushchenko, the Ukrainian president, said: "On February 4, the ship was freed after a very difficult operation carried out by the Ukrainian special services in co-operation with foreign special services." It was unclear what part the special services played but according to sources close to the pirates, the ransom money was flown from Nairobi and dropped to the pirates by parachute at approximately 1200 GMT on Wednesday. The sources said the air-dropped capsule contained $3.2m. "Somali pirates are very quick at counting money, they have equipment. Three million dollars is a matter of 15 minutes, but there can be disagreements between them," said one source close to the case, speaking on condition of anonymity. In the final stages of the ransom negotiations, no fewer than 50 pirates were onboard the ship and fishermen, elders and other witnesses in Haradhere said they saw the first groups return from the ship early on Thursday. \|The United States navy had been observing the vessel [EPA] The capture of the ship, which had battle tanks and other weaponry on board, was one of the longest and most high-profile hijackings since Somali piracy surged in 2007. The vessel's captain died, reportedly of natural causes, two days after the ship was seized in the Indian Ocean. Pirates had initially demanded $35m to release the ship but talks were slow to start in earnest with the Ukrainian ship owners, following threats of military action. "We were fed up with the Faina," said Ahmed Mohamed Abdi, one of the pirates, shortly after receiving his share. "There was a time we thought of releasing the ship without any payment on humanitarian grounds but we spent a lot of borrowed money on khat cigarettes, coca cola, mineral water and food," he said. Controversy still surrounds the intended recipient of the MV Faina's cargo, which includes 33 Soviet-era T-72 battle tanks and at least 14,000 rounds of different types of ammunition. After the vessel's seizure in September, Kenya claimed the weaponry was for its armed forces. However, several sources have since revealed that the cargo was intended for the government of South Sudan. According to organisations monitoring sea piracy, Somali pirates hijacked at least 49 foreign vessels in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean last year, raking in tens of millions of dollars in ransom money. At least 12 foreign ships are still held by Somali pirates.	161,445
The scalene muscles are on the side of the neck. The main function of these muscles is to bend the head to either side. They also assist with deeper breathing by lifting the ribs. The scalene muscles often become tight. Having tight scalenes can pull on the sides of the neck vertebrae, which can compress the discs and the nerve roots, both leading to discomfort. This can cause headaches. Scalene muscles can also become over-active, especially if you have a forward neck posture – a ‘text neck’! Slouching for long periods can overuse these neck muscles too, this can lead to a tightening in the abdominal muscles and the action of the diaphragm, which is the main breathing muscle. A Scalene Stretch Place the opposite hand over your head, then gently pull the head and neck so that it bends to the opposite side of the side you want to stretch, try and relax and pull the ear down towards the shoulder but don’t force the stretch. Hold for about 30 seconds and repeat on the other side a few times a day. Lucyna Massage therapy treats the scalenes by use of gentle and specific techniques. Often trigger points will be identified in this area, and by having an effective massage these would be released. Did you know that tight areas in the scalene muscles can lead to referred pain into the shoulder and arms? So, it is important not to miss them out!	62,068
Delivered: February 24, 1921 Published: First published in 1963 in the Fifth Russian Edition of the Collected Works, Vol. 42. Printed from the typewritten copy of the minutes. Source: Lenin Collected Works, 3nd English Printing, Progress Publishers, 1977, Moscow, Volume 42, pages 272b-275a. Translated: Bernard Isaacs Transcription\Markup: D. Walters Public Domain: Lenin Internet Archive (2003). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit “Marxists Internet Archive” as your source. Other Formats: Text • README I am rather surprised at the nature of today’s talk. I don’t think this is the right political moment for it. We have to cope with the present situation, which has deteriorated both internally and internationally. Peace with Poland has not yet been concluded, and at home we have a growth of banditism and kulak revolts. As for food and fuel, thinks have gone from bad to worse. Last year we consumed 15 million poods of grain during the first half-year and 8 million in the second; this year we have used 25 million poods in the first half-year and are now obliged to cut the bread rations and are not even sure we shall be able to issue them regularly. Obviously our mistake was that we wrongly distributed the grain in the first half-year; we should not have increased its consumption to 25 million poods. There are no deliveries from Siberia now, because the kulak rebels have cut off the railway. Our Siberian comrades spoke of the possibility of a kulak uprising, but it is very difficult to determine the extent of it. It is not a war, in which one can weigh the forces engaged in it. The Siberian peasantry are not yet used to privations, although they are bearing less than the peasantry of European Russia, and there is now a break off in communications with Siberia and stoppage of deliveries. Between March 1 and 10, approximately, there will be no improvement in the food situation. We have left ourselves no stocks. The thing now is to hold out, to bear the present situation with the greatest possible firmness. There is a certain improvement in deliveries from the Caucasus, but there is a likelihood that things may get worse. Apparently the uprising in Armenia will quieten down, but deliveries from the Caucasus can in no way compensate us for non-deliveries from Siberia, although pressure is being put on the South-Eastern Railway to make up the losses. This is sad news, but it can’t be helped. In the banditism one feels the influence of the Socialist-Revolutionaries. Their main forces are abroad; every spring they dream of overthrowing Soviet power. Chernov wrote about this recently in a Russian newspaper abroad. The S.R.s are connected with the local instigators. This connection is to be seen in the fact that the uprisings take place in the very districts from which we take grain. The surplus-appropriation system here met with tremendous difficulties. The same system is being applied in Siberia, but there they still have stocks left over from previous years. The deterioration has spread to fuel as well. We have no exact figures, so no clear deductions can be made, nor can we determine the causes of the fuel crisis. We have come to the conclusion that there exists discontent of a general nature. This discontent has to be caught from below, directly through the Party apparatus if it cannot be caught quickly through the administrative apparatus. In addition to signs of bureaucratism, there are mistakes in the plan. The plan should be checked when it is drawn up by being discussed in the press and at meetings. We are obliged to stop enterprises and thereby upset the work of factories which do have fuel. What is the matter? Clearly, besides mistakes, the plan contains material for legal proceedings. Proletarian elements should be sent into the offices. Undoubtedly, until the floating season is over, we shall not emerge from the fuel crisis. We must make the best possible use of sleighing and floating. The fuel crisis has affected the textile mills, too, and they are unable to fulfil even a minimum programme. There are the difficulties arising from banditism and interrupted communication with Siberia. Smirnov’s report says they are coping with banditism out there but cannot promise an improvement in grain deliveries. Therefore, we should not disperse our attention in talk about the general situation, but concentrate our efforts on finding a way out of this situation. A word or two about the situation in the Moscow organisation. Some comrades try to shift the blame for the squabbling on the majority of the Moscow Committee. If the minority are dissatisfied they can appeal against the conference decision to the Central Committee. I dont’t know how the C.C. will decide the question, but my own opinion is that the minority is to blame. The resolution of the All-Russia Conference says that the opinion of the minority is to be reckoned with and that a discussion and debate is necessary within the Party. At the gubernia conference in November elections to the Moscow Committee took place on this platform. A two-room system was applied, and that is already a rift; such a state of affairs, though, can no longer be tolerated. We permitted criticism not for the sake of criticism, but to get a correct decision passed. Moscow has broken the record in discussions. In November there was talk about the Moscow Committee’s wrong line, and 120 votes were given for it. During the discussion, when everyone put forward his own platform, the votes against the Moscow Committee were already less. What democracy is it, if a conference cannot elect the M.C.? After a three-month discussion the blame for the squabbling falls on those who are dissatisfied. Of course, there is the formal right to appeal against a decision, but it is the duty of revolutionaries to rally more closely at difficult moments and not abuse the formal right of appeal. Sixty-seven Russian newspapers abroad tell us that the S.R.s and others count on setting us at odds in the spring at non-Party conferences. And at such a moment people talk about appealing against the decision of the conference. You have got to understand what you can appeal for, when and to what extent. We gave everyone a chance to have his say, we held a discussion—and the congress will decide, but now we are at our fighting posts. We have to rally and realise that one more step in the discussion and we are no longer a Party. While not for a moment denying the right to appeal, I say that we performed our duty even without the discussion and should do our duty now. We must send Communists to all the non-Party organisations and explain this difficult situation to them. The meeting of Party activists was called by the Moscow Committee of the R.C.P.(B.) at an extremely difficult period, when economic dislocation in the country was at its worst. The purpose of the meeting was to inform the Party activists of the measures taken to improve the supply of Moscow’s working people. The meeting decided to have a report on Soviet Russia’s international and domestic situation included in the agenda of the plenary session of the Moscow Soviet. This refers to the counter-revolutionary revolt of the Dashnaks in Armenia, which started on February 13, 1921. The Dashnaks received aid in arms and money from the imperialist Govern-ments of Britain, the U.S.A., France, Menshevik Georgia and Turkey. They established a regime of terror and tyranny in the areas which they had seized, burning and razing to the ground villages and towns. The working people of Armenia under the leadership of the Bolshevik Party and with the support of units of the 11th Army of Soviet troops quelled the revolt, liberated the capital of Armenia, Yerevan, on April 4, 1921 and drove out the Dashnaks. I. N. Smirnov was the Chairman of the Siberian Revolutionary Committee. This refers to Point 9 of the resolution of the Ninth All-Russia Conference of the R.C.P.(B.) “On the Immediate Tasks of Party Organisation” (see The C.P.S. U. in Resolutions, and Decisions of Congresses, Conferences and Plenary. Meetings of the Central Committee, Part I, 1954, p. 509). See present edition, Vol. 31, pp. 408-26.	256,453
A project to improve train links with central London will create more than 2,000 jobs. Engineering and technology firm Siemens has been awarded a £1.6bn contract to build new carriages for the Thameslink rail line which links Bedford to Brighton and goes through much of southwest London. The firm will build 1,140 carriages which will enable the line to carry its first 12 carriage trains and increase its capacity by up to 29 per cent. The line goes through 50 stations including Sutton, Hackbridge, Carshalton and Wimbledon. The first carriages will be on the tracks in 2016 and the project will be finished in 2018.	177,691
Academics & Curriculum The Executive UST MBA curriculum focuses on key business fundamentals, leadership development and the global nature of business. Learning takes place not only in the classroom, but during online courses, an international residency program and through special group projects that address the current business needs of local community organizations. Our faculty is committed to ensuring that each participant masters the required courses. Our cohort model of learning ensures a supportive, team-based environment for participants balancing the challenges of a rigorous program with the demands of their professional and personal lives. The Executive UST MBA program has been carefully designed to meet the accreditation standards of the AACSB. In addition to achieving the strategic management and participant standards of the accrediting body, this program delivers on its promise to guarantee four assurance of learning standards for all program participants. These assurances of learning include: Leadership is at the core. The most powerful leaders eliminate challenges for others and motivate teams to work together. Our leadership development program ensures that participants understand how to maximize their effectiveness everywhere they practice leadership – in their personal lives, at work, and in the communities they serve. Our faculty is dedicated to delivering a tradition of rigorous content that challenges each participant to acquire a set of highly developed skills so he or she can become a better leader. Our participants master the fundamentals so they can effectively navigate the complexities inherent in the technical and human side of business. Today's leaders must be able to think critically and act quickly to help their organizations maintain their competitive edge. This program challenges participants to alter their point of view so they interpret data differently, thus establishing an environment where problem-solving moves business forward in new ways. Ethical Decision Making We believe that ethics is not only an essential component of leadership – it is a mark of professionalism. The Executive UST MBA develops leaders who will challenge themselves at every step to address vital issues and competing demands through an ethical point of view. Business decisions are affected by a diverse set of cultural, societal, economic and political factors. Executives who can effectively manage these influences thrive as leaders and help their organizations succeed. They understand how to deal with the differences that arise from the many systems active in business operations. Our participants benefit from integrated coursework that explores the following within a global context: - Organizational governance - Market-based economies - Social and political factors that affect business - Financial management and international risk - Information technology - Social justice and business ethics Our cohorts enhance their knowledge through an international residency that brings them face-to-face with emerging and established economies. The 10-day program delivers a well-rounded experience that includes site visits, business meetings, class time and personal reflection. Guided tours and special events immerse participants in the culture of the region. Cohorts have traveled to Berlin, India, Vietnam and China. Our participants report that the international residency program is an integral part of their learning and growth. Our participants benefit from coaching that is tailored to maximize their leadership effectiveness. A customized work plan serves as a guide that aligns personal goals with information gathered through assessment tools exploring: - Leadership qualities - Interpersonal relations - Managerial behavior - Critical thinking skills The process is administered by experts in professional development. Concepts, interwoven into coursework, allow faculty members to serve as mentors and participants to engage in the process by offering feedback to fellow cohort members. A wellness initiative for Executive UST MBA participants provides instruction and support in the areas of: - Energy Management - Establishing priorities - School and work/life balance - Travel related challenges The plan, co-developed by faculty, staff, and participants, honors our commitment to ensuring a positive academic experience for all cohort members. The Executive UST MBA program is structured around a cohort model that emphasizes teamwork and leadership. You will complete all of your coursework with the same group of students in 21 months. A typical cohort has 30 to 40 leaders and managers who differ in their industries and functional specialties. What they have in common is a high level of leadership or managerial responsibility. The cohort's wealth of experience enriches class discussions and team interactions. Students draw upon their collective experiences to better understand and experiment with new concepts and approaches to leadership and management in their organizations.	106,022
Like so many others who heard news of the Aurora shootings, I wish there was more I could do to offer assistance to the victims and all those involved or affected by this massacre. I first heard of the shootings when my brother, who lives in the Denver area, called to tell me that his girlfriend and 18-year-old daughter were in the adjoining theatre when the attack occurred. They witnessed the bullets tearing through the walls, and the bloody carnage of fellow moviegoers who got hit. They escaped and saw the shooter outside the theatre as they were driving off. Listen to the 2 minute recording I posted of their story and of the horrors of witnessing this type of event: http://joanjerkovich.com/2012/07/20/aurora-co-massacre/ Suspect James Holmes, 24, bought his movie ticket just like everyone else. Once inside the theatre, he opened the exit door and propped it open so that he could access the weapons he had planted outside and arm himself. He then re-entered the Aurora, Colorado movie theatre wearing a riot helmet, gas mask and bulletproof vest just after the beginning of the midnight opening of the Batman sequel “Dark Knight Rises”. He released a smoke canister, then began shooting from the front row leaving 14 dead and 50 wounded in the massacre. The suspect is in custody after being found outside the theatre holding a rifle and a handgun. Holmes, described as a loner, withdrew abruptly last month from the University of Colorado Medical School, spokeswoman Jacque Montgomery said Friday. Police were being cautious as they searched his Denver suburb, North Aurora, apartment as Holmes apparently cued police that his apartment may be booby-trapped with explosives. What causes someone to crack like this? Is the suspect mentally ill, or is he acting as some sort of vigilante? I’m sure the answers to these and more questions will begin to unfold, but in the mean time, the victims are the ones I want to focus on. Just as my brother’s girlfriend and daughter will have a long way to go to heal emotionally from just witnessing this event, it will likely be a longer journey for those who were wounded or who were affected by the loss of lives. Tragic. While writing this blog I just received a text from my brother with an update. He tells me that his girlfriend is “just sitting on the floor, in shock”. I texted back that I will light two candles, one for her and one for her daughter, at the shrine of our Blessed Virgin Mary here in the Catholic Church (honoring their Catholic beliefs as well as my own). What more can I do? One feels so helpless in these situations… To hear Joan Life Coaching with an “Aspiring Filmmaker”, “Kids Taken Away” and “Daughter Pregnant at 14”, listen this Saturday and Sunday at 9am on 910 KINA or go to http://joanjerkovich.com/ for the Podcast and link to iTunes. For Free Life Coaching on The Joan Jerkovich Show The Joan Jerkovich Show Weekends at 9am on 910 KINA On the web at www.joanjerkovich.com	105,848
I was once asked, "How could Jesus be God? Wasn't he just a prophet?" This is a very good point... the ramifications of this is if Jesus isn't God or God's son then all of Christianity is really worthless. But the issue is not what we want to believe, but rather, who did Jesus claim to be? And is his claim true? Just some things to think about... would the religious leaders of Jesus' day have had him killed if he was just a prophet or teacher? Many considered him to be a good man and he had a lot of followers. It seems like what he taught, like love your neighbor, do good to your enemies, etc., and all of the healing and feeding the poor he did wasn't really worth having him imprisoned, beaten and crucified. So why were the religious leaders so mad at him? Was Jesus just a good teacher, or did he claim to be more?Jesus claimed equality with God. In John 5 we read that Jesus healed a lame man on the Sabbath. And because he did this "work" on the Sabbath the religious leaders got upset at him. This is how John 5:16-18 reads: "16 So, because Jesus was doing these things on the Sabbath, the Jews persecuted him. 17 Jesus said to them, "My Father is always at his work to this very day, and I, too, am working." 18 For this reason the Jews tried all the harder to kill him; not only was he breaking the Sabbath, but he was even calling God his own Father, making himself equal with God." He called God "MY Father" and not "OUR Father" indicating to the Jews that he was personally relating himself to God. And the Jews completely understood him as equating himself with God. This was blasphemous to the Jews and according to their law was punishable by death. Jesus also acted as if he was God. According to Jewish theology only God could forgive sins. In Mark 2:5 we read where Jesus healed another man and after healing him he said, "Son, your sins are forgiven." Here's the response from the Jews to what Jesus just said in Mark 2:6-7: "6 Now some teachers of the law were sitting there, thinking to themselves, 7 "Why does this fellow talk like that? He's blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?" None could forgive sin except the one against whom all have sinned. Jesus must have thought he was God to act as God in forgiving people's sin.Jesus called himself God. In John 10 we read where Jesus is teaching and in the middle of his teaching, in verse 30, he says, "I and the Father are one." That, of course, did not sit well with the Jews. John 10:31-33 reads: "31 Again the Jews picked up stones to stone him, 32 but Jesus said to them, "I have shown you many great miracles from the Father. For which of these do you stone me?" 33 "We are not stoning you for any of these," replied the Jews, "but for blasphemy, because you, a mere man, claim to be God." Why were they wanting to stone him? Even though he was a man, he claimed to be God. So even after all the healing, feeding and good things he taught, the Jewish leaders had him arrested. Why? If he was just a prophet and good man it doesn't make sense. Unless the Jews thought something else. At Jesus' trial in Mark 14:61-65 we read: "...the high priest asked him, "Are you the Christ, the Son of the Blessed One?" 62 "I am," said Jesus. "And you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Mighty One and coming on the clouds of heaven." 63 The high priest tore his clothes. "Why do we need any more witnesses?" he asked. 64 "You have heard the blasphemy. What do you think?" They all condemned him as worthy of death. 65 Then some began to spit at him; they blindfolded him, struck him with their fists, and said, "Prophesy!" And the guards took him and beat him." The most confirming evidence of Jesus' claiming to be God was expressed in his response and in the reaction of the religious leaders. Look at what the high priest said, "Why do we need any more witnesses?" At that point the Jews were faced with two alternatives: that Jesus' assertions were outlandish blasphemy or that he really was God. They chose blasphemy. In most trials the accused are tried for what they are alleged to have done. This was not the case in the trial of Jesus. He was tried for who he claimed to be and for nothing that he had done. And so he was tried, convicted of blasphemy, was severely beaten, and died a torturous death on a Roman cross. What was wrong with him? Why go through all of that? At any point he could have said, "Hey, just kidding, I'm not really equating myself with God. I really don't think I'm God. You just misunderstood what I was saying." But he never did. Why? Was he lying? Maybe he was crazy? Or was he really God?Only 3 possibilities surface in the case of Jesus. Either he was lying about being God, or he was crazy (a lunatic) just foolishly believing he was God, or he really was God. There aren't logically any other possibilities. He hasn't left any others open to us.Was he a liar? Could he be a good, moral prophet and teacher and yet make up all of these lies about his equality with God? No. He would be deceitful and untrustworthy. It seems by his miracles that he was backing up this claim, so a lot of people of his day continued to follow him. And even when he was arrested, tried, beaten and crucified, he never once changed the position of his claim to be God. See he died because of that claim. People will die a lot of times for what they believe is true. But never will a person die for what they know is a lie. He couldn't have been just a good teacher and then died for what he knew was a lie.Was he crazy then? Maybe he mistakenly believed he was God because of some mental disturbance. After all, it's possible to be both sincere and wrong. Only crazy people think of themselves as God and are put in counseling or an institution because of it. But this one is hard to pin on him because of the clarity and depth of his teaching. He was incredibly consistent in his behavior and intellectually "wowed" the crowds that followed him. Many modern psychiatrists confirm the sanity of Jesus based on what he did and said. So it's unlikely that he was deranged.So was he God? What do you think? Christians don't believe Jesus is God because they say he is God. Christians believe Jesus is God because HE claimed to be and proved it. He proved it by raising himself from the dead. If Jesus raised himself from the dead, then it all makes sense. His claims to be God, his forgiving of sins and his teaching about eternal life being found only in him comes together at his resurrection. And if someone raises himself from the dead, thereby showing that he has power over death, then that's the guy I'm going to follow. We can totally trust him and what he taught if that happened. And we can trust his claim that he is God. For evidence of his resurrection check out the following:www.leaderu.com/everystudent/e…www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth22…	64,200
Civil Rights and Civil Liberties POL 401, TuTh, ALC 205, 10:50-12:05 Prof: Dr. Jim L. Riley Regis University Monday & Wednesday: 11:00- - 2:00 Tuesday &Thursday: 1:00 -4:00 Friday: By Appointment Office: Carroll Hall 215 Office Phone: 303/458-4974 web page -- http://academic.regis.edu/jriley The first sentence in the Regis Mission Statement reads: "Regis University educates men and women of all ages to take leadership roles and to make a positive impact in a changing society." Understanding the nature of politics in its broadest sense is crucial to this goal. This course seeks to expand the political knowledge of students such that each of them is better able to become capable and responsible leaders in our society that is so deeply penetrated by things political. TEXT: Constitutional Law for a Changing America: Rights, Liberties and Justice (6th edition), Epstein and Walker Members of the U.S. Supreme Court John Roberts, Chief Justice John Paul Stevens (1975) Antonin Scalia (1986) Anthony Kennedy (1988) David H. Souter (1990) Clarence Thomas (1991) Ruth Bader Ginsburg (1993) 1. Use and Significance of the Syllabus: This syllabus is a most important guide for you in understanding what it is this course is designed to accomplish and how it is organized to achieve its stated goals. Moreover, specific ground rules, obligations, and responsibilities are described below. By a careful reading, you should obtain a clear idea of what we will be doing in this class throughout the semester. It is not intended that this syllabus constitute a rigid and inflexible straitjacket binding us to a predetermined schedule, but rather that it serve as a series of guideposts enabling us to maintain some clear focus on the subject at hand. The dates and deadlines contained below will be adhered to, barring unforeseen exigencies requiring modification. Daily assignments will not be given in class. There is included at the end of this syllabus the complete semester's assignments. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with each day's assignment and to complete it prior to classtime. 2. Course Objective: It is the objective of this course to impart within its participants knowledge of, interest in, and an appreciation for the U.S. Constitution as it relates to civil rights and civil liberties. More specifically, students should, at semester's end, be sufficiently familiar with constitutional principles and development to be able to write with accuracy and completeness on these topics pertaining to the U.S. Constitution. Stress needs to be given to the fact that although this course will utilize the case method to examine constitutional principles, it is the Constitution that occupies the central point of concern. Cases are a means to an end, not an end in and of themselves. 3. Use of Text: Students are expected to have read and briefed the cases prior to class time. This is an essential element to the course inasmuch as class discussion of the reading material constitutes a most important aspect of the entire course. It is vital that students familiarize themselves with the assignments in order to plan study regimens carefully. The table of cases at the end of the text will permit easy location of the assigned cases. Moreover, the table of contents of the text will also prove most valuable in locating assigned material. There is valuable reading accompanying the opinions of the Justices. You are expected to read this ancillary material in conjunction with each assigned case. 4. Briefing of Cases: The case briefing method will be explained in detail in class. It is to be assumed that students will study these cases in sufficient depth so as to be able to respond accurately and completely to examination questions on that case and its significance to the U.S. Constitution. Most of those to be briefed are in the text but students are expected to brief all cases on the syllabus. No student can have any realistic hope of completing this course in a successful manner absent fulfillment of this case briefing requirement. Most of the cases to be briefed may be found in the assigned text book. Those with an asterisk () are not in the text and need to be briefed from another source (such as the linked web site in the name of the case). 5. Course Format: This course will utilize the lecture/ discussion format during the first few weeks of the semester. Following this period, an emphasis will be given to developing a hybrid format involving both lecture/discussion and the so-called "Socratic" method. This latter approach is one in which I will initiate questions designed to explore topics, cases (facts, decisions and rationale') to be covered in that day's class. As will be explained below, student performance during these verbal exchanges may constitute an important part of the final grade determination. 6. Examinations: There will be two (2) examinations during the semester and a final examination at the end. The examinations will each count for 20% of the course grade. Twenty percent will come from each of the the out-of-class projects outlined below. It is the policy of this class to permit no make-up examinations. There are two exceptions to this policy: (1) instances where a particular student has a verified medical excuse; and (2) instances in which a particular student submits to me within one week of the regularly scheduled examination a request for a make-up examination. Students missing a regularly scheduled examination and not meeting either of the exceptions will receive a Fail for that examination. A prior test will be made available. It should be noted that the examinations (and out-of-class papers) will be graded blindly. Each student will be assigned a personal code that will be affixed to papers. This will eliminate any personal factors from the grading process. 7. Two Out of Class Assignments: Due Date -- April 2 A. Each member of the class shall select one Supreme Court Justice whose constitutional jurisprudence will be explored, explained and critiqued. Any member of the Court throughout its history may be selected (although some will be far more amenable to such inquiry than others). The goal of this project is to discover the guiding principles underlying the chosen Justice's approach to constitutional interpretation. It would be best (but not mandatory) to choose a Justice who has developed a clear approach to constitutional decision-making in the area of civil rights and civil liberties. This will enhance your understanding of the subjects explored in this class. On reserve in the Dayton Memorial Library is various material that may be of help to you in your research and writing. One book is titled The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789-1995 (2nd edition). This will be of value in the selection of a Justice to examine for the out-of-class project. Obviously those members of the Court who were appointed after publication are not included. This paper shall be no less than five nor more than ten pages in length - double spaced. No less than three sources shall be used in gathering information about the selected Justice. On January 29 each student will submit to me the name of the Justice selected along with a one paragraph explanation as to why he/she was chosen. I will then either approve the choice or suggest another. This assignment will constitute 20% of your course grade. B. There is on the Internet a site at which one may hear the oral arguments that were presented before the Supreme Court in selected cases. Each student is assigned the task of listening to one oral argument in its entirety (about one hour) and providing a written report on this argument. The case selected must be on a topic covered in this class but not necessarily on a case covered in this class (although that would be desirable). The case chosen must be submitted to me for approval on January 29. This report shall no less than five or more than ten pages in length and include the following: (1) name of the case, (2) date of the oral argument, (3) name of the lawyers arguing the case, (4) a summary of the main points made in the oral argument by each attorney (include here important comments made by the Justices), (5) your views on what made the arguments effective or ineffective and (6) a description of your impression of what you heard (i.e, what did you learn from hearing these arguments?). This assignment will also constitute 20% of your course grade. These papers will be evaluated, critiqued and graded. Those students wishing to have to opportunity to submit a revised version of their paper(s) may do by submitting their assignment(s) initially on March 9. If a revised paper is then submitted on the April 2 due date the revised paper(s) will then be re-evaluated, critiqued and graded with this grade substituting for the one assigned for the original paper. This resubmission is an option and not a requirement but is available only to those who meet the March 9 deadline. Late papers will be heavily penalized as will papers with technical errors, superficial and/or careless summaries and analyses. 8. Quality Requirement: As a general rule, technical errors (i.e., typographical mistakes, misspellings, sloppy erasures, sentence fragments, etc.) totaling in number an amount greater than the number of pages in the body of the paper, will result in heavy grade penalty. Moreover, papers that deviate significantly from proper form will likewise be graded down. Proper form may be gleaned from Turabian's A MANUAL FOR WRITERS OF TERM PAPERS or other acceptable guide. This quality-control device has been instituted in an effort to impart within Regis students a habit of paying close attention to correct form and procedural quality. Substance of information, while vitally important in its own right, may be seriously impaired if presented in a manner that renders the communication process clouded. Clarity of message is vital to such communication. More simply, what one says is important, but saying it clearly is also critical. 9. Student-Professor Conferences: You are invited and encouraged to meet with me at any time that is mutually convenient. My office hours are given above. If these times are not convenient to you, we can easily arrange some other time. Please do not adopt the view that conferences are only for addressing problems. I will be most pleased to chat with you about matters of common interest. Certainly, we should discuss any perceived difficulties you may be having in the course. While I will normally be available and in my office during scheduled hours, there may be occasions when exigencies arise requiring me to be elsewhere. Therefore, letting me know in advance that you wish to meet will make certain my being in my office. 10. Grading Policy: I shall make every effort to adhere faithfully to the grading standards set forth in the Regis University Bulletin while relying upon my professional judgment to make the necessary applications of these standards. Grades will be determined by student performance, both in and out of class as set forth in the section on examinations. "Borderline" grades will be decided using class participation as the deciding factor. At the end of the semester any student with a course GPA of "B" or better may choose to accept that GPA and corresponding letter grade in lieu of taking the final examination. Each grade received to that point will count for one-fourth of the course grade. If this option is accepted the student will be required to prepare a 3 - 5 page thoughtful written evaluation of the class. This evaluation will have no bearing on the grade in this class (or any other for that matter). 11. In-Class Participation: Students who have consistently provided positive in-class verbal contributions will receive the benefit of any doubt when final grades are determined. Thus, "borderline" students (i.e., between A and B, or B and C) who have met this participation standard will be elevated to the next highest grade. Those who have not provided such positive in-class contributions will not receive such elevation. Past experience has shown that this will be a significant factor in about half of all instances. It is particularly important that each student be prepared to discuss all of the assigned cases on a daily basis. 12. Class Attendance and Decorum Policy: Three unexcused absences are permitted without penalty. "Cuts" beyond this will result in the course grade being lowered by 0.2 points for each day missed beyond the allowable three "cuts". All absences are considered "cuts" unless explicitly excused. Once roll is taken students entering the class late will be counted as absent for that day. This policy is instituted to discourage chronic tardiness which has become increasingly prevalent in recent semesters. Moreover, students are expected to remain in the class for the entire duration of the class. If there is a need to leave prior to the end of the class period please inform me of this need prior to the beginning of the class. I also request that there be no eating in class and that students remove their hats while in class. Bringing a soft drink or coffee to class is permissible although there is always the risk of a spill. Power down all cell phones or other communication devices. 13. COMPUTER USE IN CLASS: Any student wishing to use a computer in class needs to speak with me regarding this request. It is expected that in-class utilization of the computer will be limited exclusively to class related matters: taking notes or accessing material related to subjects under scrutiny in class. Utilization of the computer for communication purposes or accessing of material unrelated to the class is strongly disfavored and may result in the loss of in-class computer access privileges.. 14. Note Taking: In order to achieve a desirable grade in this class (presumably reflecting one's level of achievement), it is necessary to take "good" notes of three types: class notes, text notes, and research notes. Class notes should summarize material presented in class so that you may later recall what was put before you there. Ideally and desirably, these should be in the form of full and complete sentences, organized in outline form (major and minor headings being present). Text notes should condense and summarize the material given to you by the author. For this class text notes should take the form of case briefs as discussed early in the semester. Research notes serve the purpose of recording that which you have gathered through your out-of-class digging. Generally, the purpose of notes is to store, organize, and make information more readily available so that it can eventually become knowledge. It is utilitarian in nature, that is to say, it is designed to serve some larger purpose. If you find after a few meetings that your notes are not very accurate or helpful in organizing and understanding the material, meet with me at your first opportunity. One final point, you should review notes taken at the previous meeting before going to class on any given day. This five or ten minute review will prove exceedingly valuable in various ways. 15. Use of the Internet and E-Mail: A valid e-mail address(s) must be available to me at the beginning of the semester. I will send various e-messages to you during the semester. Students are expected to check their e-mail daily. Because the Internet has become such a valuable tool for gathering information and enhancing communication, we will be making extensive use of this during the semester. Periodically I will assign reading material to be gleaned from the "net." These assignments will be given by e-mail. 16. Academic Integrity: It is expected that students will act honorably in all activities related to this course and will refrain from any form of academic and professional dishonesty or deception in the classroom, clinical, and other learning settings. These behaviors include cheating, plagiarism, falsification of data, falsification of records, and aiding and/or abetting dishonesty. 17. Accommodation of Disabilities: For information regarding Regis disability services policies, visit the web site of the Office of Disability Services. 18. Summary of Important Dates and Deadlines 1/29: Justice and Case chosen and reported 2/12: Exam #1 3/10: Early Submission Deadline 3/26: Exam #2 4/2: Papers Due 4/30: Exam #3 ( = not in text) I. Course Mechanics and Case Briefing (1/13) II. Court Organization in the U.S. and Constitutional Interpretation and Exploring Constitutional Law (1/15 & 1/20) (pp. 1-71) III. The Doctrine of Incorporation (figure) (1/22 & 1/27) (pp. 71-95) A. Barron v. Baltimore (1833) B. Hurtado v. California (1884) C. Twining v. New Jersey * (1908) D. Palko v. Conn. (1937) E. Duncan v. Louisiana (1968) IV. Civil Liberties (pp. 95-99) A. Freedom of Religion (pp. 99-210)) 1. Free Exercise of Religion, (1/29 & 2/3) (pp. 99-210) (Overview) a. Cantwell v. Conn. (1940) b. Sherbert v. Werner (1963) c. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) d. Employment Division v. Smith (1990) e. City of Boerne v. Flores (1997) 2. Establishment of Religion, (2/5 & 2/10) (pp. 138-210) a. Everson v. Board of Educ. (1947) b. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) c. Edwards v. Aguillard (1987) d. Agostini v. Felton (1997) e. Lee v. Weisman (1992) f. Van Orden v. Perry (2005) EXAMINATION #1 (2/12) B. Freedom of Expression (landmark free speech decisions) 1. Emerging Principles (2/17 & 2/19) (pp. 210-244) a. Schenck v. U.S. (1919) b. Abrams v. U.S. (1919) c. Gitlow v. N.Y. (1925) (Gitlow's Manifesto) d. Brandenburg v. Ohio (1969) e. Pleasant Grove v. Summum (2009) 2. Regulating Content of Speech and Context (2/24 & 2/26) (pp. 244-314) a. Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire (1942) b. Cohen v. California (1971) c. Bates v. Bar of Arizona (1977) d. Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp. v. Public Service Commission of N.Y. (1980) e. Texas v. Johnson (1989) f. Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000) g. Hill v. Colorado (2000) 3. Freedom of the Press: Prior Restraints (3/10) (pp.314-347) a. Near v. Minnesota (1931) b. New York Times v. U.S. (1971) c. Hazelwood School Dist. v. Kuhlmeier (1988) 4. Obscenity (3/12) (pp. 347-380) a. Roth v. U.S. (1957) b. Miller v. California (1973) c. New York v. Ferber (1982) d. United States v. Williams (2008)* 5. Right to Keep and Bear Arms (3/17) (pp. 402-412) a. United States v. Miller (1939) b. District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) * 6. Libel (3/19) (pp. 380-402) a. New York Times v. Sullivan (1964) b. Gertz v. Welch (1974) c. Hustler Magazine v. Falwell (1988) 7. Right to Privacy (3/24) (pp. 412-475) a. Griswold v. Connecticut (1963) b. Roe v. Wade (1973) c. Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) d. Gonzales v. Cahart (2008) * d. Lawrence v. Texas (2003) NOTE: Because of weather induced class cancellation on 3/26 and the rescheduling of Exam #2 from that date to 3/31, it is necessary to adjust the schedule below. Accordingly, Sec. V.C. (Self-incrimination) will be covered only briefly in class. Date changes in red indicate the revised schedule. EXAMINATION #2 (3/31) V. Rights of Accused and Convicted (pp. 475-481) (landmark criminal law cases) A. Search, Seizure, Warrants and the Exclusionary Rule (3/31) (4/2) pp. 481-526) 1. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 2. Terry v. Ohio (1968) 3. U.S. v. Ross* (1982) 4. Illinois v. Gates (1983) 5. U.S. v. Leon (1984) 6. Herring v. U.S.* (2009) C. Self-Incrimination (4/2) (cursory class coverage only) (pp. 526-549) 1. Escobedo v. Illinois (1964) 2. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 3. Missouri v. Seibert (2004) D. Right to An Attorney and a Fair Trial (4/7) (pp.549-613) 1. Powell v. Alabama (1932) 2. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) 3. Richmond Newspapers v. Virginia (1980) 4. Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004) E. The Death Penalty (4/9) (pp. 613-638) (Information Overview: Current Policies) 1. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) 2. Atkins. Virginia (2002) 3. Baze v. Rees (2008) * VI. Equality Under the Law (pp. 617-738)) A. Racial Discrimination (4/14) pp. 617-660) 1. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 2. Sweatt v. Painter (1950) 3. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) 4. Brown v. Board of Education (1955) 5. Washington v. Davis (1976) * B. Gender Discrimination (4/16) (pp. 660-686) (Three Tired Tests and Standards of Review) 1. Reed v. Reed (1971) 2. Frontiero v. Richardson (1973) 3. Craig v. Boren (1976) 4. Rostker v. Goldberg (1981) C. Discrimination Remedies: Racial Preferences/Affirmative Action (4/21) (pp. 706-738) 1. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg (1971) 2. Baake v. California (1978) 3. Adarand v. Pena (1995) 4.Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) No Class on 4/23 - Professional Meeting of Professor requires presence elsewhere EXAMINATION #3 - Thursday, April 30, 1:15 - 3:15	255,948
Carl Jung wrote often of religion. In one article, he analyzes the Book of Job. He notes that the god of the Old Testament is something called a demiurge, a leftover from the Fall. Let’s face it, the god of the Old Testament was a pretty nasty overlord. I mean, really, drowning everyone in the world? Yikes! How different is that god from the God of the New Testament, the forgiving, God, the God that admits that suffering is a part of life? Quite different, I’d say. In this way, Carl Jung is validating Gnostic Christianity. Yes, we fell from grace. But how do we get back? In the Old Testament, it was by going through folks like the Pharisees or a god that had a temper and disliked those not of the chosen people. But with the New Testament, the path to God was through the Self and all people, even the Samaritans and even worse the Gentiles. And it’s when the topic of the conversation gets to the Self that the works of Carl Jung come most into play. Carl Jung understood that the path to being at peace with God was through self-reflection and …, well, meditation and psychoanalysis. The mind is a complicated instrument. For example, it’s fairly clear that most human beings act in a self-defeating manner, at least sometimes (for many, all the time, and how about those that admit defeat with suicide?). What Carl Jung realized was that the path to self knowledge, to greater self-awareness was through Eastern practices in, say, Buddhism. I would like to point out that somewhere in the Bible it says, if you want to know God, know thyself. But maybe that was in a Gnostic gospel. Those are gospels written by Coptic Christians and others but were not incorporated into the Rome-approved version of the Bible. In fact, these gospels were destroyed wherever they were found, and it was a lucky find for these scrolls in pottery jars, hidden away from the Roman occupiers. But the Western religions believe in an external God, who exists somewhere (typically above) and to whom we must kneel and worship. Well, hidey ho, that’s not how Buddhists see it. God is in us. We have the divine spark. Even in the West we admit that we have a soul. Right? And isn’t this soul a part of the divine Oneness? I think so. And it makes sense to me that in order to find the path to God, I examine myself and try to sort out all the crap and see what is divine in me. And in a sense isn’t that also the goal of Jungian psychoanalysis? Yes! And Jung’s conundrum was that he wanted to incorporate the inner contemplation of Eastern Religion with the context of the gospels of the New Testament. Well, of course Gnostic gospels show the way. Carl Jung in fact purchased some of these Gnostic gospels, the originals, and had his institute study them. I wish he’d had another 20 years or so of life to give us his interpretation. And because he was media savvy, he could start a movement. And that’s what he wanted. He said as much in one of his essays. But how to do it? How do we intertwine the Western and Eastern religions. Jung suspected the solution would have to come from America, if it were to come at all. America, after all, was a melting pot, a place where ideas could clash and be talked about without the threat of arrest from an overzealous government. (aka, Soviet Union).	141,130
Dr. William H. McCumber, It is with deep regret and sorrow that EagleRidge Technologies, Inc., announces the death of co-founder and president Dr. William Henry McCumber. Crystal Sloan, VP of EagleRidge Technologies, Inc., states, "He was a world-class systems engineer and much-loved educator, and a dear friend. He will be sorely missed by the many people whose lives he influenced." Dr. McCumber, of Rockwood, Tennessee, 68, passed away peacefully at 12:01 PM at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee on Sunday, July 20, 2003 after a short illness. Dr. McCumber, a Professor of Practice at the Graduate School of Management and Technology of the University of Maryland University College of Adelphi, MD, has taught systems engineering for decades. In addition to serving as president of EagleRidge Technologies, Inc., of Rockwood, he was a partner in TEAMS of Houston, a consulting firm. Dr. McCumber was one of the world's leading systems engineers and educators, working in space, military, medical, solar, industrial, and agricultural applications on five continents; he contributed to every Apollo mission through the moon landing, to the Space Lab, and to the Space Shuttle. From 1960 to 1969 he worked for Douglas Aircraft, as a flight control circuit designer for the Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile, as a flight test engineer at Eglin Air Force Base, as Apollo telemetry and systems integration engineer at Cape Canaveral Space Center, and as an Apollo remote site real-time Later at IBM Federal Systems, he earned two outstanding achievement awards, as Program Manager of Systems Integration Engineering for IBM World Trade Asia, in 1988 and 1989, and was awarded the Systems Engineering Chair on IBM Federal Systems Division Technical Staff from 1986 through 1988; he is retired from IBM Federal Systems and Loral/Lockheed Martin. A graduate of the University of Oklahoma in Electrical Engineering, he received his graduate degrees in Industrial (Systems) Engineering from the University of Alabama at Huntsville and the University of Houston, and had been a licensed Professional Engineer in the states of Texas and Alabama. A member of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), he was elected to the prestigious rank of Fellow in July 2000, “for contributions as a quintessential industrial leader, especially in the education and training of practicing systems engineers.” He is the former Chairman of the INCOSE Principles Working Group, former Associate Editor and reviewer for Systems Engineering, the Journal of INCOSE, and the author of many technical papers and other works; his paper, Educating Systems Engineers: Encouraging Divergent Thinking, was named Best Paper in the Education and Research category by INCOSE for 2002. Dr. McCumber served as a radio engineer in the Air Force during the Korean War, and later was engineer for the University of Oklahoma radio station. An athlete as well as scholar, he played football in high school in both Balboa High School in Panama and in Midland, TX, and briefly at the University of Oklahoma. A former Panama resident, he was a member of the Panama Canal Society of Florida. He was also past President of the Huntsville Folk Music Society of Huntsville, AL, and a gifted guitarist and folksinger. He is survived by his six children and their mother, his nine beloved grandchildren, and by his partner and close friend Crystal Sloan. Services were held 2PM Wednesday, July 23, 2003 at Lakewood Baptist Church in Huntsville, Alabama. He was buried with full military honors at Valley View Memorial Gardens, Meridian Bottom Road, Meridianville, Alabama. In lieu of flowers, contributions may be sent to his favorite charity, the Southwest Point Chapter of the Daughters of the American	150,158
We have been learning "This is My Beloved Son" (CS 76) this month. I made black and white copies of the pictures that represent each verse in the song, then cut each copy into four puzzle pieces, and wrote discovery questions on the back of each piece. I would ask a child to come up, select a puzzle piece and read the question on the back. We then would sing the verse and answer the question, put the puzzle together, and repeat. The next week after we put together all four puzzles, I mixed up all 16 pieces and had a child come up and put together one full verse puzzle as we sang the song and reviewed any necessary parts. I am currently the primary chorister in my ward. It's a fun and fabulous opportunity to learn the beautiful primary music, be creative in a unique teaching environment, and feel the Spirit as we teach gospel truths through song. Three of my five daughters are in primary, which I love, because I can happily sing these songs I love right along with them each week. I find I have the most success with the children when I follow this recipe: 1. Pray about the kids, pray about teaching the songs 2. Learn the songs backwards and forwards. I rarely use the book when I'm singing in Primary because of the importance of step #3. 3. Eye contact, eye contact, eye contact 4. Smile and sing with love 5. Bear testimony of gospel truths 6. Have fun	155,378
Mentoring has become widely recognised as a positive resource for progressing personal and professional career development. At Imperial College London, ACFs and CLs are positively encouraged to find a mentor to support them during the course of their clinical academic training. At the heart of mentoring is a relationship based on trust and mutual regard. Colleagues use their expertise and knowledge to support the development of another colleague. The basic principles of mentoring are: \|Mentoring provides\|\|Mentoring shouldn’t be used as\| Talking with a mentor can be particularly helpful for new clinical academics as they start their programme. They need to adapt to the dual demands of clinical and academic training while also learning to respond to the expectations of supervisors, patients and research funding bodies. Mentors can also help mentees with making decisions about their career trajectory and provide independent support and advice with any difficulties that they may be having. As part of Integrated Academic Training at Imperial, new ACFs and CLs will be expected to identify a mentor whom they can meet with and have access to during the course of their programme. For ACFs, the specialty academic lead may be an appropriate and excellent choice for a mentor. There is a range of coaching and mentoring schemes available to healthcare professionals to help develop their skills and careers, however, in this particular context, the aim is to benefit from a mentoring relationship with an experienced and skilled clinical academic. The CATO office provides details of clinical academics at Imperial who are happy to provide mentoring to academic trainees. Alternatively, trainees can identify someone themselves and approach them directly to see if they are willing and available to act as a mentor. Some Departments within the Imperial Faculty of Medicine also run their own local mentoring schemes that ACFs and CLs can join to find a mentor via the staff development web pages. A further option available for CLs is to find a mentor through the Academy of Medical Sciences mentoring scheme website. Although not a mandatory requirement, ACFs and CLs are positively encouraged to take advantage of this opportunity and the CATO team will follow up with each trainee to check their progress and engagement. The process itself is not prescriptive and mentees/mentors have the flexibility to use mentoring in whichever way works best for them. Buddying for Academic Clinical Fellows Buddying, through teaming up with a CL, is an additional source of support for ACFs as they start their programmes. CLs have faced the challenges of balancing clinical and academic commitments alongside dealing with the day to day complexities of understanding how academic training really happens, what you need to know that the handbooks and your supervisor may not have told you, and how to navigate the myriad of systems and protocols involved. The CATO office holds a list of current CLs who have volunteered to buddy up with new ACFs and show them the ropes in the early days of academic training. This is a very informal arrangement with no prescribed structure or expectations but could be a particularly useful source of support to new ACFs.	278,859
On the eve of her move to the White House, first lady-in-waiting Laura Bush walked into a political minefield by saying the law legalizing abortion should not be overturned. Asked on NBC's Today show if Roe vs. Wade, the Supreme Court's 1973 decision that recognized a woman's right to legalized abortion, should be overturned, Mrs. Bush said flatly, "No. I don't think it should be overturned." Mrs. Bush said she favors measures that reduce the need for abortion, including abstinence education for young people "everywhere." "I think that we should do what we can … to try to reduce the number of abortions in a lot of ways, and that is by talking about responsibility with girls and boys, by teaching abstinence, having abstinence classes everywhere in schools and in churches and in Sunday school," Mrs. Bush said in the Thursday interview. "I think there are a lot of ways we can reduce the number of abortions and I agree with my husband in that — on that issue." President-elect Bush opposes abortion but has said he doesn't believe the nation is ready for Roe vs. Wade to be reversed. But asked Thursday in an interview with FOX News if he would rule out supporting a challenge to the ruling, Bush answered: "Not at all. We'd just have to see." "I campaigned as a pro-life candidate," Bush also said. "I understand people disagree on this issue, but I think that it is very important for us to be conscious of the value of life." The president-elect has said repeatedly that his judicial appointments would not be required to meet a "litmus test" on the abortion issue, but he has vowed to appoint only "strict constructionist" judges to the nation's highest court, citing conservatives Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas as model justices. "I am going to put judges on the bench who will strictly interpret the Constitution," he said Thursday. The incoming chief executive also supports a ban on late-term abortions and would require doctors to notify parents before performing abortions on teenagers. 'Pro-Lifers' Call Comments 'Upsetting' Mrs. Bush's remarks Thursday — her most explicit to date on the controversial issue — caught leading members of the anti-abortion rights community off-guard, leading many to now question her husband's commitment to their cause. "[Mrs. Bush's statement] is not very helpful," said Nellie Gray, president of the March for Life Fund. "I would have thought that if she didn't want to have Roe vs. Wade overturned, she would have made it clear somewhere along the way on the campaign trail." "It would have been very helpful if … she would have said she would not join in being a truly pro-life advocate," Gray added. "Millions of pro-life people were led to believe … that George Bush was more pro-life than he said he was," said Colleen Parro of the Republican National Coalition for Life. "The fact that Mrs. Bush spoke her mind … should be upsetting to them — to everybody who supported George Bush thinking that he was pro-life." Bush transition spokesman Ari Fleischer declined to comment on Mrs. Bush's remarks. "I don't discuss the personal views of the president's family," he said at a news conference in Washington this afternoon. Ashcroft Remarks Also at Issue	226,416
Actor and comedian Robin Williams was battling early stages of Parkinson's disease, which he had not shared publicly before he was found dead from an apparent suicide Monday at his home in Tiburon, his wife said Thursday in a statement. The revelation came as fans around the Bay Area and across the globe struggle to make sense of the death of the 63-year-old performer, who had fought drug and alcohol addiction and depression. "Robin's sobriety was intact and he was brave as he struggled with his own battles of depression, anxiety as well as early stages of Parkinson's disease, which he was not yet ready to share publicly," his wife, Susan Schneider, said. An estimated 1 million people in the United States have Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative brain disorder that progresses slowly and affects movement and mood, according to the National Parkinson's Foundation. Tremors, slowed speech and sometimes dementia are among the symptoms of the incurable disease. Several celebrities have waged public battles with Parkinson's, including singer Linda Ronstadt, who revealed in 2013 that she had the disease, and Michael J. Fox, who was diagnosed with Parkinson's in 1991 before publicly disclosing his condition in 1998. "Stunned to learn Robin had PD. Pretty sure his support for our (foundation) predated his diagnosis. A true friend; I wish him peace," Fox tweeted Thursday. Depression is sometimes a symptom of Parkinson's. Nearly 16 percent of adults reported experiencing major depression in the past year, but for Parkinson's patients that percentage is roughly twice as high, said Patricia Arean, a professor in psychiatry at UCSF and licensed clinical psychologist. Effects on mood In some cases, the disease influences the brain's ability to produce serotonin - a chemical thought to contribute to happiness. "If he was already suffering from depression, the Parkinson's would probably make it worse or harder to treat," she said. "In his case, he already had several risk factors (for suicide). He was an older white man, he had a history of substance abuse, and a new illness that's known to affect mood - and a history of depression." Older white men are more likely to take their own lives than any other demographic, and suicide rates among that group have shot up in the past decade, Arean said. Experts can't pinpoint one factor in the spike, but Arean said it might be linked to the stigma around admitting a struggle with a mood disorder. Williams was last seen alive at 10:30 p.m. Sunday when Schneider went to bed, said Marin County sheriff's officials. On Monday, his personal assistant became concerned after he failed to answer knocks at his door, then discovered his body hanging from a belt around 11:45 a.m., said Lt. Keith Boyd, the assistant chief deputy coroner. 'Love and respect' Schneider did not directly address the suspected suicide. "Robin spent so much of his life helping others. Whether he was entertaining millions on stage, film or television, or troops on the front lines, or comforting a sick child - Robin wanted us to laugh and to feel less afraid," she said. Williams' three children - Zachary, 31, Zelda, 25, and Cody Williams, 22 - had earlier released statements expressing sadness and confusion over their father's death. Cody Williams said there were "no words strong enough to describe the love and respect I have for my father." He expressed hope that he would see him in the afterlife. Robin Williams' wife, Susan Schneider, released the following statement Thursday: "Robin spent so much of his life helping others. Whether he was entertaining millions on stage, film or television, or troops on the front lines, or comforting a sick child - Robin wanted us to laugh and to feel less afraid. "Since his passing, all of us who loved Robin have found some solace in the tremendous outpouring of affection and admiration for him from the millions of people whose lives he touched. His greatest legacy, besides his three children, is the joy and happiness he offered to others, particularly to those fighting personal battles. "Robin's sobriety was intact and he was brave as he struggled with his own battles of depression, anxiety as well as early stages of Parkinson's disease, which he was not yet ready to share publicly. "It is our hope in the wake of Robin's tragic passing, that others will find the strength to seek the care and support they need to treat whatever battles they are facing so they may feel less afraid."	99,239
Dr. Anthony D’Ambrosio & Dr. Michael Sisti — ‘The Dynamic Duo’ Recently, Dr. Anthony D’Ambrosio received a charming note from his patient Joan Hughes. Joan is a nurse who was treated by Dr. D’Ambrosio and Dr. Michael Sisti, whom she called “the dynamic duo.” We are pleased that Mrs. Hughes has allowed us to share her note. Please enjoy her letter below: Dr. D’Ambrosio is one of our New Jersey affiliates. He is Director of Neurosurgery at Valley Hospital and Co-Director of their Gamma Knife Center. Dr. D’Ambrosio specializes in the treatment of brain tumors and trigeminal neuralgia as well as the use of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery. Dr. Michael Sisti is the James G. McMurtry Associate Professor of Clinical Neurosurgery, Radiation Oncology & Otolaryngology at Columbia University Medical Center/New York Presbyterian hospital and Co-Director for their Center for Radiosurgery. Dr. Sisti specializes in the treatment of a variety of brain tumors and the use of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery.Posted on Oct 3, 2013 by Department Author In Areas of Expertise, Brain Tumor, Brain Tumor Blog, Brain Tumors, Centers, Gamma Knife, Gamma Knife Blog, News, Pain, Trigeminal Neuralgia Tags: , D'Ambrosio, Dr. Anthony D'Ambrosio, Dr. Michael Sisti, letter, patient letter, Sisti, testimonial	10,651
The home Jean Merian built for his family in 1851. And lived in all his life. The first St. Louis church. This was the primary church for the colonists until a larger church was built in 1865. The first St. Louis church is located on the grounds of the Moye Center. A dam on the Medina River that Jean Merian is credited with building. This is located in the Landmark Inn State Park. Under the Highway 90 bridge. St. Louis school This is where our family reunion is held every two years. The Jean Merian House circa 1969 The Merian house from space. An aerial image of Castroville The dam on the Medina river is in the right of the screen, the Merian Homestead is just north of the highway in the center of the screen. The picture above is the Merian Homestead Return to the home page.	34,542
If you and your significant other have shared a home address for 12 months or have a child together then you should prepare and file your taxes together. While many young Canadians living together with a partner may not know this, it is an essential step to take. Sure, you split the rent, share the groceries and take turns doing the chores, but when it is tax season you should step it up a notch. Another thing to note is that even if you do file tax returns together, you can still file your own individual return. The Canadian law has separate definitions of the term ‘marital status’ that could help you decided whether to go the joint tax filing way or not. A spouse is defined as “someone you are legally married to.” While a Common-law partner is someone you are living in a conjugal relationship with. The latter is defined as “You have a common-law partner if you are living in a conjugal relationship with someone who is not your spouse and at least one of the following applies – you have been living together for at least 12 continuous months (this could include any period you were separated for less than 90 days because of a breakdown in the relationship) – he or she is the parent of your child by birth or adoption – he or she has custody and control of your child (or had custody and control right before the child turned 19) and your child is completely dependent on that person for support). A separation is considered one only after a period of 90 days. A separation of less than 90 days is not considered a separation for child and family benefits. While you may have heard some scary tales about joint tax filing, it is not as bad as you imagine. There are many benefits you can get from filing jointly, the most important being that you can share tax credits. Tax credits can help reduce the amount of tax you owe. This is unlike a tax deduction, which lowers your income and saves taxes based on your income and marginal tax bracket. You can reduce your household taxes once you start pooling together receipts. Start storing receipts for household refunds. There are many pros and some cons as well. Here are some pros. There are various types of receipts that can be filed jointly. They include Donations you make can be qualified for a tax credit. The first $200 of charitable donations qualifies for a 15 percent tax credit and every dollar above $200 gets a 29 percent credit. These donations are good to be filed jointly as the total amount will increase and thus raise the total credit that can be claimed. Transit expense is applicable if both you and your partner take public transit and have monthly passes, you can get a bigger return when you pool them as household expenses. Medical expenses have to add up to more than 3 percent of your net income, pooling is very helpful here as the partner with lower income can claim the total household medical expenses and thus become more likely to qualify to claim the expenses. If your partner is still in school you can use that to lower the household tax burden as the student can transfer unused tuition credits worth $5000 to the higher earning partner. While all of these are pros to benefit from filing taxes jointly, you should note that there are some cons too. The three main cons are that you may not qualify for the GST/HST rebate anymore, your student loans repayments could increase and if you unfortunately end up breaking up with your partner then you will now have to deal with the paperwork apart from a broken heart. Remember that in Canada returns are coupled together during preparation and filing, your partner’s name, social insurance number and net income should be on your personal tax return. Also be aware that you could be reassessed if it is later realized that you have been living together but not disclosing this in your tax filings. As tax season approaches be ready to tackle it as a team!	229,010
It may surprise some outside the tech world to find out just how often a price fixing scheme is uncovered. On the other hand, there are probably people who assume that price fixing is going on all the time. For those who believe that price fixing is prevalent, reports of companies like Apple engaging in the practice probably only fuel that fire. When it comes to price fixing, the only way to really combat it is to shed light on the issue and then take the perpetrators to court. Recently, AT&T (News - Alert) did just that and Telecom Company won a ruling in a price-fixing lawsuit that was brought against several Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) makers. AT&T had taken its case to the 9th Circuit US Court of Appeals when a lower court had ruled that AT&Ts claims against the price fixing conglomerate had violated the “due process” clause of the United States Constitution. By reversing that ruling, the higher court found that California’s anti-trust statute, known as the Cartwright Act, can be applied as long as some of the price fixing took place in California. The defendants, who include Samsung (News - Alert) and AU Optronics, declined to make a comment after the ruling. AT&T’s spokesman, Marty Richter had a short statement that stated that the company was happy with the Appeals Court ruling. AT&T’s lawsuit is just one of several that have been filed against the LCD cartel. Currently, there is also an ongoing criminal investigation against the group. AU Optronics (News - Alert) has already been found guilty of engaging in illegal practices. Two of the company’s executives were convicted in a jury trial in California last year. The victory by AT&T is just the first step, one that allows the company to continue the lawsuit against the group that went ahead with the price fixing. The next step will be an actual lawsuit where the Telecom giant will most likely be going after damages. Edited by Brooke Neuman	148,049
Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that can be found in mammals, both wild and domestic. The virus attacks the nervous system and can be transmitted through an animal bite or when saliva, brain tissue, or spinal fluid of a rabid animal enters the eye, mouth, or a preexisting wound. To learn more about Rabies from the Virginia Department of Health, click here. The Chickahominy Health District works with local animal control to investigate rabies exposure and provides guidance in helping individuals who may have been exposed. If you believe you or your animal has been exposed to rabies it is important to contact your local health department and animal control. If you have been bitten by an animal, immediately contact your family doctor and thoroughly treat your wound with first aid. To avoid being a victim of a wildlife animal bite, please leave the handling of wildlife to experts. To contact a Wildlife Rehabilitator please visit Virginia.gov and then select your location. Tips to Prevent Rabies:	287,139
Multiplication Color by Number: Butterfly 4 This educational multiplication printable doubles as a coloring sheet! There's no better way to make math practice enjoyable. Challenge your third grader to enrich his math expertise with some multiplication facts, and then show him how to use his answers to complete a fun color-by-number activity. Looking for more worksheets like this? Check out the rest of the Color by Number series!	256,638
- Brian Sass Fixing Brain Fog Part 4: Protein Quality and Considerations This is the 4th part of the Fixing Brain Fog blog series. Previously, we discussed the role of carbohydrates and dietary fats in brain health and function. In this blog and the upcoming blogs in this series, we will dive deeper into the different nutritional strategies for restabilizing brain chemistry and eliminating brain fog. We will discuss protein and the effect it has on brain health and function in this blog, and protein’s role to help reduce brain fog, anxiety, and other symptoms. The protein content from animal products is some of the best protein you can get from your diet. As we have previously alluded to, protein quality is usually more important than protein quantity. A few decades ago, before the inventions of commercial farming methods and genetically modified organisms (GMO), protein from beef was for the most part a healthy source of protein. Currently, there is a drastic difference in the protein quality you get from the average store-bought cheeseburger and organic grass-fed beef. The saturated fats are also not as nutritious in non-organic grass-fed beef, with a significantly higher omega-6 fatty acid content compared to its organic counterpart. Leaner cuts of organic meat are not only better in terms of protein quality, but also have lower amounts of omega-6s and higher amounts of brain-healthy minerals and vitamins like iron and vitamin B12. As with beef and other meat products, eggs tend to be vastly different in terms of quality protein from different sources. Some egg companies will label “all-natural”, “cage-free”, “vegetarian-fed”, and “pasteurized” – but these labels can be misleading and not necessarily correlate to the healthy conditions chickens need to live in to produce the highest quality eggs. Key words to search for when buying eggs are “organic”, “free-roaming”, and “pastured” – as a general rule, the eggs from these chickens will have a much higher omega-3 fatty acid content as well as a better source of vitamins and minerals. When it comes to other protein sources like dairy (cheese, milk, yogurt, cream, etc.), this can be tricky as sometimes dairy can be pro-inflammatory to the gut (even when someone is not lactose-intolerant), and contribute to fatigue, brain fog, and low energy symptoms from the effect on the gut. As a general rule, organic dairy products are much less likely to cause adverse effects on your brain and symptoms compared to non-organic, heavily processed dairy products. Soy is one of the most abundant protein products on the market. While natural forms of soy can be healthy and provide beneficial effects for the brain, the standard American diet is overloaded with processed soy products like soy protein isolate, textured soy, vegetable protein, and soy flour. All of these ingredients are cheap fillers that food companies use to add protein content or enhance the texture of the food. This type of processing that food companies use to add soy into their products can drastically increase the amounts of isoflavones in the product. Isoflavones are estrogen-like structures that have been found to cause issues like infertility and altered hormonal function in animals. Soy protein isolate is of particular concern when taken in large amounts, which is typical for vegans or vegetarians who consume a large amount of soy burgers, soy yogurt, and other meat substitutes. As you will recall from the last blog on dietary fats, soybean oil is excessively high is omega-6 fatty acids and found in numerous foods in the grocery store. To make matters worse, soy products that are not organic or not non-GMO have some of the highest levels of pesticides of any food. To make matters worse, roughly 90% of soybeans grown in the United States are genetically modified! But remember, not all soy products are bad. When a good source of soy is consumed, it is a “complete” protein – meaning it provides all of the essential amino acids (building blocks of protein) that you must get from your diet (your body doesn’t produce “essential” amino acids). These essential amino acids include tryptophan and tyrosine, which are used to make serotonin and dopamine, two very important neurotransmitters in the brain. The very best source of soy for most people is fermented soy – which includes tempesh, miso, natto, and tamari. All of these foods have potent anti-cancer properties in addition to beneficial effects on the brain. Non-fermented soy (like soy protein isolate and processed soy) can contribute to depression, weight gain, and fatigue, especially when taken in large quantities. Fermenting the soy deactivates these harmful processes. Tofu and edamame are also good choices (when taken in moderation) if you cannot consume fermented soy. It is important to remember that just because a food is labeled as “a good source of protein” or “over 25 grams of protein per serving”, it is not a good indication of the quality of the protein. Many people fall into the trap of consuming a food with a high amount of protein that also has high levels of processed sugars and thinking they are eating “healthy”. Most granola bars or protein bars are good examples of this (you want to look at the amount of “added sugar” on labels – this should theoretically be zero for almost all of the foods you consume). Also consider the quality of the fat content in the protein source – many animal products like beef that contain high amounts of saturated fat along with protein are not necessarily bad for your; unless the beef is non-organic, non-grass fed, and pumped with antibiotics and pesticides (this raises the omega-6 content drastically as well as drastically increases inflammation markers in the body). Consuming brain-healthy protein takes investigation and research into the food products that you consume, but when performed correctly, protein plays an important role in overall brain health and functioning. 1. Dow, Mike. The Brain Fog Fix: Reclaim your focus, memory and joy in three weeks. Published and distributed by Hay House Inc. 2015. MEDICAL DISCLAIMER The content above is for informational and educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide medical advice or to take the place of such advice or treatment from a personal physician. Great Lakes Functional Neurology does not take responsibility for possible health consequences of any person or persons reading or following the information in this educational content. We recommend readers that are taking prescription or over-the-counter medications consult their physicians before starting any nutrition, supplement or lifestyle program.	265,888
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 1. Marketing Defined. Has to do with dealing with customers, they are an essential component of the marketing system. Creating customer value and satisfaction. Making a sale and satisfying customer needs. Selling stars once the product is produced and marketing stars long before an organization has a product. It is theway to asses needs, measure their extent and intensity and determine, whether a profitable opportunity exists; and continuous throughout the product´s life trying to find new customers and keep current customer by improving products appeal and performance, learning from product sales results and managing repeat performance. If the marketer understands consumer needs, develops products andservices that provide superior customer value, and prices, distribution and promotes them effectively, these products will sell easily. Marketing is managing profitable customer relationship-goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to keep a grow currents customers by delivering satisfaction. The aim of marketing is to make selling unnecessary. Peter Drucker. Theaim of marketing is to know and understands the customer so well that the product or service fits and sells itself. Is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchange products and value with others. \|Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationship in orderto \| \|capture value from customer return. \| Social definition: it is a societal process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want trough creating, offering, and freely exchanging products and services of value with others. Managerial definition: the art of selling products.What is marketed? Ideas, goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, organizations, information, ideas... Product: product variety, quality, design, features, brand name, size, package… Price: discounts, allowance, payment period… Promotion: sales promotion, advertising, sales force public relations… Place: channels, coverage, locations, inventory… What ismarketing? A managerial process deployed by an organization (individual or group). What is its objective? To fulfill the needs and wants of the organization: maximize profits, change needs and wants of other individuals or groups; although the objective of commercial marketers is usually to achieve sales targets or market share objectives. How is this achieved? A social process whereby otherindividuals or groups obtain needs and wants by creating and exchanging products and value- this limits how the deploying organizations behaves. 2. The Marketing Process Step 1. Understanding the market place and customer needs. 1. Needs, wants and demands. Needs: states of felt deprivation. Include: -physical needs (food, clothing, safety…) -social needs (belonging and affection)-individual needs (knowledge and self expression) Wants: the form that human needs take as shaped by culture and individual personality- people narrow, basic needs but almost unlimited wants. Demands: human wants that are backed up by buying power. 2. Marketing offerings (products, services and experiences). Value proposition: a set of benefits that the company promise toconsumers to satisfy their needs. It is fulfilled through a market offering. Market offering: some combination of products, services, information or experiences offered by a market to satisfy a need or want. 3. Value, satisfaction and quality. How do consumers choose among many marketing offerings? Customers form expectations about the value and satisfaction.	213,981
\|\| Email \| Full Article (TrendHunter.com/id/177128)\| In this latest exhibition, the Jolene Lai Allegory series portrays various female characters taken out of traditional Chinese mythologies. Jolene Lai grew up on traditional Chinese literature and traditional folk stories, which she found to have an impact on shaping Chinese culture and the Chinese people of today. In her oil on canvas paintings, the artist captures the bizarre aspects, the romance and the emotion that these women embody in the various stories. We see the humor and folly within the characters, as well as their determination and righteousness in their quest to do what’s right. Each painting is set in a surreal environment that comes straight out of her imagination. The Jolene Lai Allegory series re-imagines the classic narratives of traditional Chinese folklore.	38,211
The founder/acarya (one who teaches by example) of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), is His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada (Srila Prabhupada). He arrived in New York from India in September of 1965, after crossing the Atlantic Ocean on a freighter - The Jaladuta. After spending a month in Butler, Pennsylvania, at the home of his sponsor, he came back to New York City to begin his movement to spread bhakti-yoga (the yoga of devotion and service to God) throughout the western world. He struggled for almost 6 months -- during which time he was subjected to a bitter New York winter, theft of his meager belongings and abuse from a drug-crazed roommate. Yet he was determined to bring about a spiritual revolution. In May of 1966, Srila Prabhupada, with the help of just two followers, rented a storefront in New York's Lower East Side - here at 26 Second Avenue. The storefront was previously a curio shop with the name, "Matchless Gifts." Early visitors to Srila Prabhupada's new center were struck by the prophetic name. In July of 1966, Srila Prabhupada incorporated his beloved institution, ISKCON, with headquarters at this storefront. Later, he often fondly remembered those early days, as he saw the Hare Krishna Movement quickly grow into the worldwide movement we see today. From 1966 to 1968 ISKCON was headquartered here at 26 Second Avenue. As the number of followers grew, the storefront became too small so the temple moved to larger locations, leaving the humble storefront behind -- but never forgotten. About twenty-five years and hundreds of worldwide temples later, the directors of the Brooklyn- based Hare Krishna temple, led by Ramabhadra Prabhu, were able to take control of the space and once again lease the original ISKCON temple at 26 Second Avenue. To commemorate the 25th Anniversary of the founding of ISKCON, members of the Krishna temple in Brooklyn renovated the site, rededicated it, and reopened it to the public in July of 1991. Since that time, the Hare Krishna temple here at 26 Second Avenue has become a beacon of Krishna consciousness in New York City. Moreover, to followers of the Hare Krishna movement all over the world it is a sacred place of pilgrimage, a tirtha (holy place), being the place from where Srila Prabhupada began the dynamic expansion of Krishna consciousness and bhakti-yoga in New York City and throughout the world. To learn more about Srila Prabhupada, visit The Prabhupada Connection, an incredible repository of information by and about this great 20th century saint.	285,521
Pastors collaborate on 13-session study to help Guatemalan men rethink their view of masculinity by Pat Cole \| Presbyterian News Service LOUISVILLE — A resource developed by a U.S. pastor and a clergy colleague in Guatemala is helping Guatemalan men rethink the meaning of authentic masculinity. “Men in the Mirror: Orienting Our Lives Toward a Christ-Centered Masculinity” is a 13-session study that is being taught to male leaders in six Guatemalan presbyteries, and efforts are underway to begin study groups in congregations. It was originally written in 2012 by the Rev. Kevin Frederick, pastor of Waldensian Presbyterian Church in Valdese, North Carolina, and revised last year with help from the Rev. Mateo González, a pastor in the National Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Guatemala and a counselor. The study examines the values that typically shape how men see themselves in relationships and offers tools to critique relationship skills. In each session, Bible passages inform how healthy relationships are developed. The biblical texts draw heavily on the life of Jesus, and how he related to various types of people. “Men who grow up in North America, Central America or wherever learn a lot of messages about what it means to be a man,” Frederick said. These unexamined messages, he explained, often have negative impacts on interpersonal relationships. “Even within the context of a relatively healthy family like my own, I had to unlearn or modify some things that I grew up with,” he observed. In a culture like Guatemala’s, where the machismo attitude is even more pronounced, boys are bombarded with messages of male superiority, he said. “All of these cultural messages left unexamined have created some very unhealthy dynamics.” Frederick has long been active in the Presbytery of Western North Carolina’s partnership with Sur Occidente and Suchitepéquez presbyteries in Guatemala. He has taught family health and development related courses in Guatemala 11 times in 14 years. While teaching “Men in the Mirror,” he sensed the need for revisions and invited González to make it more “user friendly” to Guatemalan audiences. He commended González’s contributions, saying they were “exactly what the curriculum needed in order to be trusted and accepted.” González is recruiting and training facilitators to lead “Men in the Mirror” studies in congregations. When the studies conclude, learners are encouraged to form ongoing support groups. Through this process, González hopes men “will look at themselves, analyzing their relationships with their wives, daughters, sons, work colleagues — both male and female — and their relationships with other men and women in their community.” The goal, he stressed, is to “make significant changes or improvements in these relationships.” Having a place where men can talk freely about what it means to be a man is sorely needed in all cultures, Frederick said. Men, he noted, are taught to be in competition with one another and therefore tend not to express thoughts that might reveal their vulnerability. “We really don’t trust each other as men to engage in much deep and personal dialogue about what it means to be a man,” he said. As better understandings of masculinity develop, González hopes there will be a reconsideration of the duties typically assigned to men and women. Women, he said, traditionally do all the cleaning, cooking, childcare, and laundry duties in Guatemalan homes. González believes that men learning to share these chores will build more respect for women, which will reduce the incidence of domestic violence. In congregations, while many women hold the office of deaconess, González said their roles often focus on cooking, cleaning, arranging flowers, and communion preparation and cleanup. He wants men to join them in these chores. González would also like to see more women serving as pastors and elders, “and in the long run, God willing, to have women moderators in the assemblies of the presbyteries and synods.” Currently, 15 “Men in the Mirror” facilitators have been trained. González is heartened by their energy and motivation and encouraged by supportive pastors who want “Men in the Mirror” groups established in their congregations. Yet González emphasized the program will not be sustained by human effort alone. “It gives me hope that it is the Holy Spirit who will enable the work, the change, the total regeneration of all of those men whom God has chosen to participate in the organized groups.” To read an English version the 2012 edition of “Men in the Mirror,” click here. You may freely reuse and distribute this article in its entirety for non-commercial purposes in any medium. Please include author attribution, photography credits, and a link to the original article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDeratives 4.0 International License. Categories: Education, Mission Engagement & Support Tags: machismo, men in the mirror, national evangelical presbyterian church of guatemala, presbytery of western north carolina, rev. kevin frederick, Rev. Mateo González, waldensian presbyterian church Tags: 13-session study, critique relationship skills, examines the values, examines the values that typically, gonzalez, guatemalan men, guatemalan men rethink, men, men and women, men in the mirror, men rethink, offers tools to critique, offers tools to critique relationship, relationships and offers, relationships and offers tools, tools to critique, tools to critique relationship, tools to critique relationship skills, values that typically, values that typically shape Ministries: Mission Engagement and Support	67,411
A 103-year-old looks back at a life well lived sans bitterness Updated 11:00 pm, Sunday, February 9, 2014 SAN ANTONIO — To describe his lovely mother, who turns 103 on Monday, 72-year-old retired educator and longtime social-justice activist Francisco “Pancho” Gonzalez refers to the theory of relative depravation. “If you feel you are poor, you are poor,” he says. “If you don't feel poor, you aren't.” His mother Elvira Jimenez Chavez de Espinoza always was in the second camp. Even though she indeed was born into poverty, began working in fields as a child and continued to work all her life, she wasn't poor. On Sunday, as her family gathered for a dinner in her honor, she took stock of her long life, speaking with surprising clarity and a command of memory. “I've had a happy life, a good life,” she said. For sure, Espinoza experienced tough times, especially as part of a migrant family in the 1920s that traveled the country looking for work, making enough for sustenance and moving to the next crop. She remembered beets were especially hard to tend and pick. In her 10 decades, her family story has included almost every dramatic twist a Lifetime movie can offer — love and loss, the Great Depression, massive deportations of Mexican Americans, a murder trial and imprisonment (her father's). Along the way, she had lovers, children and ultimately a husband. Always being able to find work was a blessing, she said, as were two sons. Neither of them ever had to be bailed out of jail, she said. Her advice for a long life was simple. “No smoking. No drinking. Work hard.” “I don't have any enemies,” she said, offering another hint at happiness; and of memories, “I don't have any disagreeable ones.” Gonzalez says his mother's philosophy has been to keep it simple. “She tries not to complicate life,” he said. Life delivered complications, no doubt. Born in El Paso in 1911, she almost died in Wyoming in 1918. She remembered Armistice Day that year because she was able to stand in the doorway to watch fireworks and hear locomotives blare their whistles. She and brother Napoleón walked to school, registering themselves each time. She would stay until the sixth grade. By 1920, they were in Colorado, where her father was arrested for shooting and killing a man. He was found guilty and sentenced to 20 years in prison. Gonzalez says no one doubted his guilt. He killed a man “who didn't pay us for the work we did,” she said. She became head of household, as her own mother spoke no English. Gonzalez said his mother grew up being in charge. They lived and worked near the prison until the warden offered a deal: Go back to Mexico, and her father would get an early release. Deportations of U.S.-born Mexican Americans were common at the time, blamed in part for the severity of the Great Depression. “Mind you,” Gonzalez said, “these were American citizens.” They stayed in Mexico for about 20 years. Again, her knowledge of English came in handy for finding jobs. She came back to the United States in the 1950s after receiving a letter that she was about to lose her U.S. citizenship. “Imagine that,” Gonzalez said of the times. Again, she wasn't bitter. Espinoza landed in San Antonio, managing the cafeteria at Woodlawn Elementary School from 1954 to '74, spending summers flipping burgers at Brackenridge Park. It's just how you measure the amount of water in your glass. She can't get around on her own anymore and is a little hard of hearing. But she went to her party Sunday and will attend another celebration today, when Mayor Julián Castro is expected to drop by to wish her a happy birthday. firstname.lastname@example.org Twitter: @ElaineAyala	153,262
Biography & Family History Add details Ora Jones (1885 - 1966) was born on February 8, 1885. She was born into the Jones family. There are no known spouses or children on file for Ora. Ora died in December 1966 at age 81. Ora Jones's last known residence is at Amarillo, Potter County, Texas. This record of Ora Jones comes from the United States Social Security Death Index. What is the SSDI? This genealogy of Ora Jones's history is maintained by AncientFaces users Share facts about Ora to connect to the people who knew her. Some common things we would like to know about Ora's genealogy: - Where was Ora born? - Where did Ora die? - Who was Oras family? - What did Ora look like? Add some photos of their life. History of Ora Jones Add details - Given name - Jones family history - Last Known Residence - Amarillo, Potter County, Texas Do you know more about Ora Jones? You can add details to this page and share Ora's story. Obituary Add details No one has entered details on Ora's obituary records. You can add obituary information about Ora Jones by clicking "Add Details". Share your memories below with the rest of Ora's family. We'll notify anyone else who is searching for Ora of your message.	134,832
Grade Level(s): 4 By Reviewer 1 Love that the kids get to work in teams of two to discover the relative positions of the Earth, Sun and Moon that produce the different phases of the Moon. Its a fun lesson that they will not forget! By Reviewer 2 This is a solid activity for teaching the lunar phases. Here are a few suggestions to make it even stronger. 1) For safety the instructor should tell the students not to stare directly at the light. 2) This lesson asks students to look up lunar phases in their textbook--textbooks with this may not be available to everyone. The instructor should print an additional resource to provide information on lunar phases. 3) To fully meet the second benchmark the instructor should explicitly explain that this is a model used to teach a complex idea. SOURCE AND ACCESS INFORMATION Name of Author/Source: Engineering K-Ph.D. Program, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University District/Organization of Contributor(s): Seminole Is this Resource freely Available? Yes Access Privileges: Public * Please note that examples of resources are not intended as complete curriculum. Click here to send us your feedback on this resource »	166,892
David F. Carr, Contributor I study social business, collaboration, and digital innovation. What is behind this growth in business analytics? Ashe says it reflects a demand from customers who, after spending years creating systems to record data and transactions, want to get more mileage out of that information. Businesses want information that is more timely and useful, particularly if it can feed directly into growth and profitability. “Business intelligence” refers to the analysis and organization of historical data and the delivery of meaningful business information in convenient forms, such as executive dashboards that show high-level measurements of corporate performance. By delivering information online, rather than in static reports, business intelligence tools allow the curious executive to “drill down” to details, for example by clicking on a chart to see the numbers behind it. Ashe’s division is broadening the understanding of business intelligence, to include, for example, the sort of “predictive analytics” handled by SPSS products. This sort of analytics extrapolates from the available data to identify trends and patterns. An example would be looking at past purchases to predict what a customer might buy next. Even more broadly, Ashe says IBM also sees analytics expanding to include extracting information from unstructured data–that is, information never recorded in neat rows in columns but scattered across the Web or stored in text documents. The effectiveness of analytics can be improved even more with the use of collaboration and social media tools to make it easier to share and comment on data, he says. The quality of analysis depends on the quality of the data, so large organizations usually undertake a data warehousing, data cleansing and master data management effort in advance of any business intelligence initiative. The goal is to gather information from many systems into common repositories, eliminate duplicates and errors, and reconcile discrepancies. An analysis based on clean data from a data warehouse may be the ideal, but it is not usually the whole story, Ashe says. Usually, there are also scenarios where the analytics tool must pull data from multiple systems and consolidate it on the fly. “The reality is customers have to do both,” Ashe says. “They can’t afford to stop the provision of data into their business while they clean up their infrastructure.” But IBM coaches its customers to set an “information agenda” aimed at continually improving the quality of the information available for analysis. Some of the analytic capabilities companies exploit today come packaged in other systems. Part of the reason Ashe said part of the way his organization competes is to make sure its tools can not only do a good job of analyzing data in SAP or Oracle enterprise resource planning systems, but then go beyond them. “Our view is, first of all, companies are always going to have many sources of data–even companies that say they have standardized on SAP have vast other sources of data,” Ashe says. A typical Ashe customer is a very large enterprise. By contrast, the small to midsize businesses I usually write about in this column are likely to get their analytics as part of some integrated business software package, perhaps with an embedded version of Cognos or one of its competitors. Ashe says that approach has a drawback: the analytics has sometimes been added as an afterthought. Alternatives that may be more practical for midsize businesses include a simplified Cognos Express product an IBM Smart Analytics System “appliance” (a preconfigured data server). “One of the fastest growing areas for analytics is with the midsize customers, and that’s driven by something,” perhaps a realization that they need an analytics strategy of their own that goes beyond the capabilities embedded in some other product, Ashe says. David F. Carr is Forbes’ columnist on technology for small to midsize businesses. Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.org .	183,965
TIMING/LENGTH (IN MINUTES): 15’ In the next activity we can learn a little more about background of first-hand and second-hand shops. Are you a second-hand shop customer? Did you ever give it a try? -Think about the possible advantages and disadvantages of acquiring items from second-hand stores. -Write down 1 advantage and 1 disadvantage you thought about. FIRST HAND IS OVERVALUED Everything that has had one or more previous owners is considered second hand, but this does not mean anything about the state it is in. It is quite common to “inherit” clothes from older brothers or sisters, or relatives, a house, a vehicle… on many occasions this is done without the need for economic mediation. On other occasions, this can be done through the exchange of money in an informal way (through flea markets, garage sales, bazaars) or through shops dedicated to the sale of second-hand products or auctions. The sale of these products is done by assessing the initial sale price with a discount, which depends on the state, the hands it has gone through and the type of article it is. The origin of second-hand shops comes from the intention of different people to transform the industry, concerned with generating a less harmful impact on the environment. It was a movement often followed by minority groups. -Think of the social value of second-hand items in your culture and in this country, where you are in now. Write down the common points and the main differences?	123,053
BURRILLVILLE â€“ Town officials have drafted new zoning guidelines to ensure that any solar energy projects that come to town do not compromise public safety or impact natural and historic resources, and are compatible with the neighborhood in which they are located. The Town Council is inviting public comment on the new guidelines, which are proposed as amendments to the townâ€™s zoning ordinance, at a hearing to be held Aug. 28 at 7 p.m. at Town Hall, 105 Harrisville Main St., Harrisville. The purpose of the amendment is to promote the creation of ground-mounted solar installations by providing standards for their placement, design, construction and operation and to make sure they are compatible with the townâ€™s comprehensive plan. When a solar system project was proposed and later withdrawn in town earlier this year, the Town Council realized there was a need to set local guidelines for companies seeking to operate solar energy systems and directed the Ordinance Subcommittee to draft an ordinance amendment in coordination with the Zoning and Planning Boards. According to the proposed Burrillville regulations, all solar photovoltaic installation applications must be reviewed by the Planning Board and will be allowed in a general commercial zoning district through a special use permit. Net metering solar photovoltaic installations for residential or commercial uses, however, will be allowed in all zoning districts as a matter of right. The regulations do not preclude the town from installing ground mounted or other solar photovoltaic facilities on any town-owned or controlled property regardless of the zoning district The domestic solar energy industry continues to grow at a staggering pace. In 2011, photovoltaic installations grew 109 percent over the previous year, bringing the current total of installed domestic capacity to almost 4,000 megawatts â€“ enough solar energy to meet average demand from almost one million U.S. homes More and more cities and towns, including Burrillville, are interested in pursuing solar energy systems to directly offset energy expenses. In East Providence, for example, city officials this week broke ground on the first phase of the Forbes Street solar farm project, which will include a 3 megawatt solar array facility. At full estimated capacity, the Forbes Street solar energy system would be one of the largest solar facilities in New England and the first active use of the 229-acre Forbes Street property since the landfill closed in 1979 after a decade as the cityâ€™s dump. Two years ago, the Town of Uxbridge signed an agreement with Constellation Energy to construct an $8 million 2,400-kilowatt ground-mounted solar photovoltaic plant on 15.5 acres of privately owned land on Commerce Drive. As part of that arrangement, the town will receives annual property tax payments of $41,000 over the 20-year lease term, as well as a 10 percent net excess generation credit applied to meters owned by the town to offset the townâ€™s energy bill. In Bellingham, the School Department has negotiated a deal with Energy in the Bank to build an 8,000-panel solar farm on the Maple Street landfill, which would offset 90 percent of its energy use and save the district more than $2 million in energy costs over the next 20 years. The Town of Blackstone is also preparing to contract with a solar energy developer that will finance, build, and operate ground-mounted photovoltaic solar panels at the former landfill on Chestnut Street.	209,754
(b London, 1588; d London, 1666). Eng. composer. Protégé of Cecil family 1605–13. Wrote mus. for 4 masques by Ben Jonson. Appointed master of mus. to Prince Charles in 1618, so when the prince became Charles I in 1625 Lanier became first Master of the King's Mus. Held same office under Charles II from 1660. Comp. cantatas and songs. Skilled painter who bought pictures in It. for Charles I between 1625 and 1628, purchasing Duke of Mantua's coll. for over £25,000.	134,393
Mobilization of contaminants by CO2-charged brines is one concern relating to injection of CO2 as part of carbon capture and storage projects. This study monitors the mobility of trace metals in an exhumed CO2-charged aquifer near the town of Green River, Utah (USA), where CO2-charged brines have bleached red sandstones, and concentrated trace metals at the bleaching reaction front. Mass balance calculations on the trace metal enrichments are used to calculate time-integrated fluid fluxes and show that a significant fraction of the metals mobilized by the CO2-rich brines are redeposited locally. A sequential extraction procedure on metal-enriched samples shows that these metals are incorporated into secondary carbonate and oxide phases which have been shown to grow at the CO2-promoted bleaching reaction front. We argue that while CO2-charged brines are capable of mobilizing trace metals, local metal redeposition implies that the potential for contamination of overlying freshwater aquifers is low.	230,363
THE BOARD OF REGENTS VS BAKKE 1978 In the mid 1970's Allan Bakke, a white graduate student, protested his inability to enter medical school at the University of California at Davis. He arugued that affirmative action programs prevented him from entering and were denying him his rights under the 13th and 14th amendments of the Constitution. It was during the 1970's that there were protests of "reverse discrimination" or giving of preference to minorities over "whites" in many facets of life. The court case reached the Supreme Court and was settled by a split 5-4 decison in favor of Bakke. The court said racial quaotas must be eliminated but as Supreme court Justice Lewis Powell commented the " ..race can be a factor but only one of many to achieve a balance." In other words race could not be a decisive factor in admitting or excluding applicants. Affirmative action policies continued but was further defined.	195,161
Assembly of First Nations National Chief Shawn A-in-chut Atleo says First Nations in Canada will not stand down while Canada seeks to develop their natural resources while neglecting the treaty rights and human rights of the country's one million Indigenous People. Atleo says the inherited responsibility of the First Nations to protect the land and the water Canada seeks to destroy for windfall profits is paramount--paramount over parliament and any laws Canada might pass. In the wake of protests and demonstrations by First Nations across Canada on Friday, Atleo promises to challenge Prime Minister Harper and the Government of Canada in the courts, at the UN, and at the Organization of American States. As the ink dries on the anti-environment, anti-Indian legislation passed by Harper and the Canadian parliament last week, First Nations are preparing to fight for the rights and promises long neglected by Ottawa. As Atleo notes, "This is our time, a moment in time when Indigenous Peoples are taking our rightful place."	257,324
Welcome to September! As we usher in National Recovery Month, I’m reminded that so much of recovery is about learning and relearning how to live on the planet. Drinking and using used to be my problem. Thankfully those have not been solutions to my problems for many years, but I am continually humbled by how much there is to learn about being alive. Today’s meditation is a Native American prayer which I find to be a great comfort as I continue to trudge: Earth, teach me quiet, as the grasses are still with new light. Earth, teach me suffering, as old stones suffer with memory. Earth, teach me humility, as blossoms are humble with beginning. Earth, teach me caring, as mothers nurture their young. Earth, teach me courage, as the tree that stands alone. Earth, teach me limitation, as the ant that crawls on the ground. Earth, teach me freedom, as the eagle that soars in the sky. Earth, teach me acceptance, as the leaves that die each fall. Earth, teach me renewal, as the seed that rises in the spring. Teach me to forget myself, as melted snow forgets its life, and to remember kindness, as dry fields weep with rain. This Ute prayer reminds me that whatever cosmic force it is that we are a part of, life on this planet holds many lessons if we will only open our eyes and our awareness to them. Many human beings suffer the pain of addiction, whether it’s their own or someone elses. As sober people who have found freedom from this pain, we are responsible for carrying the message that there is life and joy beyond the pain of addiction. Peace 🙂	199,919
Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a 1953 American comedy horror film directed by Charles Lamont and stars the comedy team of Abbott and Costello, and co-stars Boris Karloff. Loosely based on the novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, the film follows the story of two American detectives visiting Edwardian London who become involved with the hunt for Dr. Jekyll, who is responsible for a series of murders. A rash of murders (by an unknown "monster") is plaguing London, and police are baffled. A newspaper reporter, Bruce Adams (Craig Stevens), finds one of the murder victims while coming home from a bar at night and calls the police. The next day, two American policemen, Slim (Bud Abbott) and Tubby (Lou Costello), who are working for the London Police Force, respond to a mob fight at a Women's Suffrage Rally in Hyde Park. Reporter Adams, young suffragette Vicky Edwards (Helen Westcott), Slim, and Tubby, all get caught up in the fray and wind up in jail. Later, Vicky's guardian, Dr. Henry Jekyll (Boris Karloff), bails Vicky and Adams out. Tubby and Slim are thereafter kicked off the police force. Unknown to anyone, however, Dr. Jekyll has developed an injectable serum which transforms him into Mr. Hyde (the "monster" responsible for the recent murders). When Jekyll notices Vicky's and Bruce's mutual attraction, he has more thoughts of murder, injects himself, and transforms once again into Hyde (with the intent of murdering Adams). Meanwhile, Tubby and Slim decide that in order to get back on the police force they must capture this "monster" (Hyde). While walking down the street that night, Tubby spots Hyde (whom Slim at first mistakes for a burglar). They decide to follow Hyde into a music hall (where Vicky is performing and Adams is visiting her). A chase ensues, and Tubby traps Hyde in a wax museum. However, by the time he brings the Inspector (Reginald Denny), Adams, and Slim to the scene, the monster has already reverted to Dr. Jekyll and Tubby is once again scolded by the Police Inspector. The "good" doctor, however, asks Slim and Tubby to escort him to his home. Once at Jekyll's home, Tubby goes off exploring and winds up drinking a potion which transforms him into a large mouse. Afterward, Slim and Tubby try to bring news of Jekyll's activities to the Inspector, but the Inspector refuses to believe them. Later, when Vicky announces to Jekyll her intent to marry Adams, Jekyll (who is secretly in love with Vicky) does not share her enthusiasm and transforms into Hyde right in front of her. Bent, this time, on murdering Vicky, Hyde attempts to attack her. However in the nick of time, Bruce, Slim, and Tubby save her and Hyde escapes. During the struggle, though, Jekyll's serum needle is dropped into a couch cushion, which Tubby accidentally falls onto, transforming him also into a Hyde-like monster. Another mad-cap chase insues, this time with Bruce chasing Jekyll's monster and Slim pursuing Tubby's monster (both believing they are after Jekyll). Bruce's chase ends up back at Jekyll's home, where Hyde falls from an upstairs window to his death, revealing to everyone his true identity when he reverts to normal form. Slim then brings Tubby (still in monster form) to the Inspector. Tubby then bites the Inspector (and four officers) and reverts to himself, much to the chagrin of Slim. However, before Slim and Tubby can be once again derided by the Inspector, the Inspector and his men have each transformed into monsters themselves (probably from Tubby's bite) and chase Slim and Tubby out of the office. Bud Abbott as Slim Lou Costello as Tubby Boris Karloff as Dr. Henry Jekyll/Mr. Hyde Craig Stevens as Bruce Adams Helen Westcott as Vicky Edwards Reginald Denny as Inspector John Dierkes as Batley Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde was filmed between January 26th and February 20th, 1953 and received an "X" rating in Britain because of the scenes with Mr. Hyde. Furthermore, Boris Karloff (contrary to the credits) only actually played Dr. Jekyll and did not play Hyde. Once the transformation sequences were over, Hyde was, instead, played by stuntman Eddie Parker, who remained uncredited. In the movie, Bud Abbott's character consistently pronounces Dr. Jekyll's name as "JAKE ull." Most movies about the character pronounce the name as "JEEK ull," which is the British style and the way Stevenson pronounced it, or as "JECK ull," which is the standard American style (as in Jekyll Island). Abbott's pronunciation of the name appears to be unique. The film received a 6.4 film rating on IMDb based 2,343 user Reviews. Many reviewers complained that, in this version, there was no struggle in the transformation between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, giving the impression that Dr. Jekyll himself was evil and enjoyed the acts of Mr. Hyde. Other reviews complained of the lack of a strong script; calling the production cheap. Rotten Tomatoes has given the film a 6/10 score and the movie stands at an overall rating of 84. It also received an audience rating of 3.4 out of 5 (based on 3,553 user ratings). One critic, Steve Crum of the Kansas City Kansan, gave the film 3/5 saying "Bud and Lou meet another monster for infrequent laughs." This film has been released twice on DVD, on The Best of Abbott and Costello Volume Four, on October 4, 2005, and again on October 28, 2008 as part of Abbott and Costello: The Complete Universal Pictures Collection.	311,150
Remains of Old Europe ‘Remains of the Day‘ is a subtle, thought-provoking work, and perhaps Anthony Hopkins’ all-time best performance. He plays Stevens, a career butler at the service of Lord Darlington, a Nazi appeaser who uses his diplomatic influences to promote cross-cultural ties with Germany in the early 1930s. Stevens is a dutiful servant and a perfectionist to the point of being an heartless automaton. Isolating his feelings both about his master’s diplomatic mission and his own passions, his professionalism and reserve almost entirely inhibit his ability to convey his emotions. When he warms to the spirited, but equally efficient housekeeper Miss Kenton (played by Emma Thomson), he begrudgingly recognises her as an equal and later, as a friend. However, she holds an attraction to him that he is quite unable to reciprocate owing to house rules and, more powerfully, his own sense of self-possession. Stevens’ comportment, as he fights down his feelings, perhaps knowingly against his own passions, is so subtly played by Hopkins that we do not know where the professional ends and the human begins. Has a life of butlering totally frozen his feelings, or is the struggle against his passions a conscious, willful act of self-destruction? ‘Remains of the Day‘ keeps us guessing until the end, as Stevens has one more opportunity to fulfill his affection for Miss Kenton, but will be capable of righting the wrongs of the past? ‘Remains of the Day‘ also looks at the vestiges of Britain’s landed power, the politics of the noble gentleman that was finally buried by the outbreak of the second world war. Christopher Reeve plays an American statesman disgusted by the amateurism of the old order, warning of a need to enter an era of real politics in the face of the modern threat of Nazism. The illusion of the old way of doing diplomacy in old manor houses, with gentleman’s agreements struck over cognac and cigars, was to be brutally undermined by history. Lord Darlington’s naivety and blindness to the events unfolding around him mirrors poignantly with Stevens’ refusal to aknowledge his feelings or those of others. There are a number of establishing shots in the film that view the house though doorways and windows that seem suggestive of blinkered perspective. Butlering itself, and the meticulous presentation of the house for the guests, are acts of performance and illusion at odds with reality. ‘Remains of the Day‘, like Ishiguru’s subsequent novel ‘When we were Orphans‘, concerns itself with the ways in which the second world war destroyed quaint British philosophy of the gentleman, and its ability to solve the world’s ills through reason and reserve. Ultimately Stevens belongs to a dying era of people for whom this philosophy represents an all-encompassing framework, and who use it to imprison their spirit. There are a number of great scenes in this film but the finest for me – and possibly the most famous – is when Miss Kenton finds Stevens reading a romantic novel in his study and literally has to corner him and prise his fingers off it to discover what it is. The corny romance of such a book is a flight of fancy to a man like Stevens, and its exposure represents a massive violation of his privacy. The intrusion revealing a human fragility and innocence beneath the professional veneer, and he seems either unaware or simply terrified by Miss Kenton’s apparant advances. His body language throughout the scene is a work of remarkable complexity and subtlety. Superb.	186,356
The Source Project indulges in a whole new way of purchasing and dispensing packaged drinking water. The system requires store owners and vendors to install a Source Water Fountain outside their shops, like how you have those candy dispensing machines. You need to do a onetime purchase of the special Source Bottle from them, and then fill up the water. Every time you purchase a refill of water, you get credited a certain number of redeemable points. The highlight is the unique water-filling process and the bottle. The bottle fills via a valve in the base; see the video as it explains the process nicely. Oh, and the points are transferred from the fountain system to the vendor’s log via RFiD technology. On the face of it I quite like the idea; however it will be a bummer if you have already purchased a Source Bottle and forget to carry it with you. The bottle design is pretty sleek and slim, but that only goes on to diminish its capacity. Meaning if you consume water pretty often (like you should), then you’re gonna need to tank up regularly. Also this system requires too much of an effort, no matter how sustainable and long lasting it promises to be. Designer: Oliver Craig	191,420
USHCN published the graph below indicating the total size of their temperature adjustments – about 0.5 degrees and flat after 1990. I doubt that these adjustments are legitimate, but that isn’t the point of this post. The smoking gun is that their actual adjustments are much larger, are offset by 2.5 degrees, and that they increase exponentially after 1990 – instead of going flat as they claim. The graph below shows the actual adjustments in blue, and the documented adjustments in red. They don’t even vaguely resemble each other. USHCN adjustments are being used as the basis of NOAA claims that 2012 is the hottest year ever – a claim which is not borne out by the temperature record.	78,279
A company is using aerial infrared to count deer. PITTSBURGH (AP) -- An Idaho-based company is taking to the air with video cameras and infrared equipment that can detect the body heat of animals to conduct a census of deer in Pennsylvania's 281,000 acres of state forest land. The numbers could be used to determine how many special doe-hunting coupons are issued under the state's Deer Management Assistance Program, and how long they'll be valid, state officials said. "We can see dogs, we can see a deer's ear, we can tell what's a puddle, what's a stick, what's a rock," said Susan Bernatas, president and founder of Boise-based Vision Air Research. Fewer deer, fewer coupons Her company was hired by the state Department of Conservation and Natural Resources to count deer on the public lands. Bernatas and her pilot, Charlie Gay of Tunkhannock, Wyoming County, will fly in grid patterns for about 100 hours over the next three weeks and hope to have the results of what they've found in time for the Pennsylvania Game Commission's April meeting. "We're hoping to know if we've got a low deer population that's still browsing the habitat, or if we've got a high deer population that's overbrowsing the area, or if we've got a low deer population and that the habitat is starting to recover," said Merlin Benner, a wildlife biologist with the DCNR. Some hunters are hopeful the flights will confirm their claims that there are fewer deer in the woods than game commission models project. If so, the flights would prove that doe license allocations should be cut back and the hunting season shortened to strengthen the state's herd, the hunters believe. Work is double-checked The Deer Management Assistance Program is applied to public lands and qualified private landowners enrolled in one of the game commission's public access programs. Through the program, qualified landowners receive a limited number of coupons that must be made available to hunters, who, in turn, redeem them for a DMAP antlerless deer permit to hunt on the property for which the coupon was issued, according to the game commission. Bernatas said experience has shown her that she'll be able to count about 83 percent of the wildlife in the areas she surveys. The DCNR will double-check Bernatas' work by having her fly over some areas where deer are enclosed in a pen and comparing those numbers to what Bernatas observes. "There is no way, ever, unless you nail their little feet to the ground to see all of them," Bernatas said. "There's an equal opportunity for animals to walk in or out of your transect. There's always the potential for missing them or possibly double counting them."	242,247
The demand for translations from and into Chinese represents a significant amount of work for our agency because of the growth in economic and commercial exchanges between Canada and China. Indeed, business between Canada and China has grown in Toronto (Ontario), Montreal (Quebec), Calgary (Alberta), Ottawa (Ontario), Edmonton (Alberta), Mississauga (Ontario), Winnipeg (Manitoba) and Vancouver (British-Columbia). Chinese translation services Our translation agency provide English to Chinese translation services and Chinese to English translation services for commercial, legal, technical documents and user manuals. Just email us your document(s) to get a free quote within an hour (during business hours). Certified Chinese translation Our certified Chinese translators can provide official translations that will be accepted by the Immigration Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), or any administration in Canada. Just send us the scan of your document(s) to translate to get a free quote. Our professional translators only translate into their native language to ensure the highest quality of work. Brief History of the Chinese Language The Chinese language (中国语文, Zhōnggúo yǔwén), or Sinitic language, is a language family that forms one of the branches of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Although it consists of many varieties, which can be considered separate languages (语, yǔ) or dialects (话, huà), it is often collectively referred to as “Chinese” (中文, zhōngwén). Mandarin is by far the most widely spoken form of Chinese, with 850 million speakers, followed by Wu (90 million speakers), Cantonese (70 million speakers) and Min (50 million speakers). Today, there are approximately 1.3 billion people who speak some variety of Chinese as their native language, primarily in China, Singapore and Taiwan. Type of project: Chinese Translation, Layout and Typesetting using Indesign Field of expertise: Leisure and Luxury Number of words: 17,000 words (66 pages) Language combination: French to Chinese A prominent Parisian communications agency specializing in the leisure and luxury industry needed a Chinese translation of their client Dior’s product catalogue (fashion and accessories, perfume and beauty products, jewellery and watches). The end client was extremely satisfied with our work, as much for the style our translators used as for the layout and typesetting. Indeed, translations in this field require translators to masterfully weave formal language with a fluid and poetic style. The agency also entrusted us with the Indesign typesetting and layout of all the Asian language versions of the catalogue (Chinese, Korean and Japanese).	44,363
By Larry Rohter \| Published: Monday, November 15, 1993 Rebuffing their Governor and his efforts to make this Caribbean island commonwealth the 51st state, Puerto Ricans voted narrowly today to continue their existing ambiguous relationship with the United States. By choosing to maintain the commonwealth status that has been in place here for more than 40 years, Puerto Ricans made it clear that they prefer “the best of two worlds,” in the words of a pro-commonwealth campaign slogan, to the prospect of more intimate ties with the United States. By an overwhelming margin, they also rejected independence, the third option that had been offered to them in the nonbinding vote today. With all votes counted, the commonwealth option won 48 percent of the vote, compared with 46 percent for statehood. Independence accounted for about 4 percent of the vote, with a small number of ballots being deliberately cast blank or spoiled as a protest against the plebiscite. Problems of Statehood “Commonwealth is the formula that is most convenient for Puerto Rico,” said Angel Casanova, a 52-year-old woodworker, after voting this morning in Bayamon, a San Juan suburb. “Statehood would only result in more problems.” Gov. Pedro Rossello acknowledged the defeat in a speech at the headquarters of his New Progressive Party a few hours after the voting ended this afternoon. “The people have spoken, and I have to obey,” he said. He added that by turning out in large numbers and peacefully exercising their right to vote, “in the eyes of the whole world the people of Puerto Rico have shown their class and their commitment to democracy.” A Majority for Neither Nevertheless, the result threatens to usher in a period of political uncertainty here and change Puerto Rico’s relations with Washington. Thanks to the showing of the Puerto Rico Independence Party, neither of the two main parties here can claim to represent a majority of the island’s 3.7 million people. In addition, Mr. Rossello and Puerto Rico’s non-voting delegate to Congress, Carlos Romero-Barcelo, will now be expected to ask Washington to enhance Puerto Rico’s existing commonwealth status after having spent the last three months attacking the status quo as a “shameful” remnant of colonialism. Tonight, leaders of the pro-commonwealth Popular Democratic Party called on Mr. Rossello to begin discussions with them over how those enhancements should be pursued in Washington. Since 1952, Puerto Rico has been a commonwealth of the United States, a unique arrangement that gives the residents of Puerto Rico some, but not all, of the rights and responsibilities of American citizenship. With commonwealth status, Puerto Ricans are subject to the military draft, but do not vote in Federal elections and do not pay Federal taxes so long as they live here. An additional 2.6 million Puerto Ricans live on the American mainland and are treated like all other citizens. Mr. Rossello, who campaigned on a statehood platform when he won office a year ago, had made that one of his main arguments for statehood, saying it was time to end Puerto Rico’s “second class” status. The Popular Democratic Party, in contrast, offered a slightly modified version of commonwealth. They vowed to seek restoration of tax benefits that Congress reduced earlier this year to cut the Federal budget deficit. The party also said it would fight for an increase in Federal aid to the elderly, the disabled and the poor. Throughout the campaign, backers of commonwealth status also argued that statehood would require Puerto Rico to relinquish both its use of the Spanish language and its cultural identity. They also said that statehood would bring with it a Federal income and increased Federal levies on gasoline, cigarettes and liquor. Though three former Republican Presidents had urged voters here to choose statehood, President Clinton remained neutral during the campaign, saying only that he would respect the will of Puerto Rico’s people. “Whatever they want, I want,” Mr. Clinton told the Congressional Hispanic Caucus in September. What voters apparently did not want was a substantial change, said Representative Jose Serrano, Democrat of the Bronx, who is one of three Puerto Ricans in Congress. But Mr. Serrano, who did not take a public position on the issue, added: “I question how long we can keep this kind of relationship. Essentially, we have a colony in the Caribbean. We go around the world talking about democracy but we still have a colony. Eventually it’s going to be a problem for us.” Sparing Congress Still, the result of the vote spares Congress the difficult and controversial decision that would have confronted it had Mr. Rossello’s party been successful: whether to grant or reject statehood for Puerto Rico. Privately, many members of Congress say they are content with the current relationship and are reluctant to tinker with it. At a news conference Saturday night and in his speech tonight, Mr. Rossello, a 49-year-old pediatric surgeon, gave no timetable for submitting the “enhanced commonwealth” program to Congress for approval. But he did give one indication of the political difficulties that may lie ahead for the island. He said that since the Popular Democratic Party, which controls neither the commonwealth government nor Puerto Rico’s representative in Washington, had offered the winning option in the vote, “it is up to them to keep their word with the people of Puerto Rico.” The plebiscite on Puerto Rico’s political status was the first since 1967, when commonwealth won 60 percent of 700,000 votes cast, compared with 39 percent for statehood. The Puerto Rico Independence Party had urged a boycott of that vote, and independence was favored by fewer than one percent of voters. Heavy Turnout The last series of public opinion polls taken before the vote today had shown statehood and commonwealth in a virtual tie, with each supported by about 40 percent of voters surveyed. Leaders of both parties were predicting that victory would go to whichever side did the best job in bringing its supporters to the polls. Turnout for the vote today was higher than in the 1967 plebiscite, when just under two-thirds of registered voters cast ballots. Members of the State Electoral Commission estimated that more than 73 percent of Puerto Rico’s 2.2 million voters voted today, a sign of the passions aroused by the issue. Despite rain that began at mid-morning and continued until the polls closed at 3 P.M. local time, the mood across the island was one of celebration. Cars bearing oversized American flags or the banners of the two main parties raced through the streets during the day and into the evening, their horns tooting and their passengers leaning out the windows to chant political slogans. At polling places, 5,611 of which were set up at schools around the island, election judges good-naturedly kidded each other about their parties’ chances; there were no immediate complaints of voting irregularities. Once the polls closed, supporters of the three options flocked to their respective party headquarters to hear the results come in, dancing, singing, and eating in the 85-degree heat as they waited for the tabulations to be posted. At one polling place in Carolina, another San Juan suburb, an ambulance drove up around midday, and election officials carried an elderly voter to the booth so that he could vote. Radio stations carried reports of commonwealth party volunteers in many areas ferrying elderly or infirm sympathizers to the polls so they could vote for the status quo. “I have no doubt the success we are enjoying now is the result of that effort by our members,” said Celeste Benitez, director of the commonwealth campaign. She added that “statehooders received a tremendous setback, especially when you consider the economic resources they had at their disposal.” Lesser of Two Evils But the commonwealth total apparently was also swelled by the adherence of some voters who had declared themselves in favor of independence. Faced with the possibility of Puerto Rico entering the union, they opted for the lesser of what they viewed as two evils. “In my heart, I’ve always been for independence,” said Carlos Fuentes, a 29-year-old teacher in Carolina. “But the strong campaign effort and ad campaign of the statehooders left me in sort of a panic, and so I voted for commonwealth to make sure that statehood would not win.” At the same time, many voters who last November cast their ballots for Mr. Rossello and the New Progressive Party, giving them control of two-thirds of the island’s municipalities, switched parties this time. They made it clear that though they were not critical of Mr. Rossello’s performance, they simply could not commit themselves to the drastic change in Puerto Rico’s political status that he was advocating. “I always look for the best candidate, and I thought that was Rossello,” said Jorge Valcarcel, a resident of Caguas, about 20 miles south of the capital. “But I believe in commonwealth, and that’s what I voted for.” RETHINKING PUERTO RICO, POLITICALLY In Sunday’s nonbinding plebiscite, Puerto Rico grappled again with whether to remain a commonwealth of the United States, to become the 51st state or to become an independent nation. Political History Puerto Rico became a United States territory in 1898, after the Spanish-American War. It was ruled by a presidentially appointed governor until 1947, when Congress voted to allow Puerto Ricans to elect their own governor. Since 1900, the island has been represented in the United States Congress by a nonvoting, locally elected resident commissioner. The commissioner has a four-year term. Puerto Ricans became United States citizens in 1917, but they cannot vote for President, are exempt from Federal taxes and get limited Federal aid. Commonwealth In 1952 the current Constitution of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico was drafted by its elected Constituent Assembly, approved in referendum by 80 percent of voters and ratified by the United States Congress. As a Commonwealth, Puerto Rico is part of the United States for purposes of international trade, foreign policy and war (including military service), but has its own laws, taxes and representative government. In a plebiscite in 1967, 60.5 percent of voters were in favor of improved commonwealth status rather than statehood or independence. Population Puerto Rico is home to 3.7 million people, of whom 2.3 million are registered voters. The 2.6 million Puerto Ricans living on the United States mainland could not vote in Sunday’s plebiscite. Economy The island’s annual per capita income in 1989 was $6,200, the highest in Latin America but about half that of the United States mainland. Many manufacturing jobs, notably in pharmaceuticals, depend on Section 936 of the Internal Revenue Code, which shelters profits made in Puerto Rico from Federal taxes.	8,210
Many immigrants in Glengary Township and the surrounding area were Catholics of Czech and Irish descent. During the early years few priests were available, so they visited the community whenever possible beginning in 1874. Local parishioners conducted prayer services regularly when priests were not present. The chapel, the first permanent house of worship in Fillmore County, was built in the 1870s on the Josef Kotas form northwest of this cemetery. A successor church, St. Wenceslaus Catholic Church, was erected in the newly formed town of Milligan in 1890. Burials commenced here before Anton Svec purchased the property from the Burlington & Missouri River Railroad in 1878. He deeded two acres for a cemetery to his Czech brethren in 1887. Although known locally in earlier years as the Catholic Cemetery, and later as the North Cemetery, it was incorporated as the Cesky Bratri (Czech Brethren) Cemetery Association in 1904. The chapel was moved to the cemetery from the Kotas farm in 1901. The building was restored and dedicated as the Pioneer Chapel in 1998. Cesky Bratri Cemetery Assn. & Donors Fillmore County Foundation Nebraska State Historical Society Nebraska 41, 1 mile west of the Milligan Corner	192,512
This may look like just an ordinary stretch of newly-paved road, but it’s actually being hailed as the first mile of recycled plastic highway on a state road anywhere in the U.S. Using more than 150,000 single-use plastic bottles, sustainable landscaping company TechniSoil partnered with state transit officials to repave the one-mile stretch of three-lane road in July. According to CalTrans (California Department of Transportation), which already has slated the material for use throughout the state, the eco-friendly road formula has been shown to be 2-3 times more durable than traditional asphalt pavement. Not only is the formula more durable, Technisoil officials say the procedure generates 90% less greenhouse gas emissions than the process currently used by Caltrans. Typically, the department repaves state highways by tearing up the topmost 3 to 6 inches of asphalt so it can be ground up and mixed with bitumen—a sludge-like binding agent generated by oil refineries. Since this material can only be used as a base for the roadway, however, Caltrans is still forced to import roughly 42 truckloads of hot asphalt in order to finish the road. By replacing the bitumen with a polymer-based binding agent made from melted plastic bottles, Technisoil’s procedure eliminates the need for imported asphalt and guarantees that the road is made out of 100% recycled plastic in a liquid polymer. Following the historic completion of the pilot project in Butte County, Technisoil told Fast Company that they have already begun working on launching additional plastic road projects across California. “We’re excited about introducing a new sustainable technology and helping pave the way for utilization of recycled plastics throughout the state,” said Caltrans District 3 Director Amarjeet S. Benipal. “This process is better for the environment because it keeps plastic bottles out of landfills and helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels.” Motorists will be traveling later today on a section of Highway 162 that has been repaved using recycled asphalt pavement and liquid plastic made with plastic bottles. Read more at https://t.co/NswIs8f65x @CaltransHQ pic.twitter.com/EasMSu5qcJ — Caltrans District 3 (@CaltransDist3) July 30, 2020 Elsewhere in the country, Dow Chemical used plastic to pave two stretches of local roads in Freeport, Texas last year, using 1,686 pounds of recycled low-density polyethylene plastic. The company had been testing the plastic roads in Asia, but wants to do more in the US. GNN has reported on efforts in India and the Netherlands to pave with plastic, too. Pave The Road To Positivity By Sharing The Good News With Your Friends On Social Media…	183,852
The world’s first solar-powered train is here! India’s first solar-powered trains has begun service, running a 12.5-mile route from Delhi’s Safdarjung station to Farukh Nagar in the country’s north. The diesel-electric hybrid train has six coach cars with solar panels embedded in their roofs. The panels feed a battery that can power the train for up to 72 hours. Roughly 50 solar-harvesting coaches are set to be launched in the next several days, running primarily along commuter routes. The new trains are a part of Indian Railways’ plan to establish an energy-generation capacity of 1 gigawatt of solar and 130 megawatts of wind power in the next five years. The state-owned company has been using train-mounted solar panels since 2015 to power interior lights and air conditioning, but their newest train is the first in the world to use solar power. Although some people may be concerned about Warranty And Battery Life of these new trains. However, they have proven to be rather reliable. India isn’t the only country exploring solar-powered trains. A research team at the Imperial College London is embarking on a similar quest to take trains off-grid and power them with solar energy. However, the UK project is looking to track-side solar panels, not ones directly mounted to the trains themselves. Visit the source article with a video as well on curbed.com	83,276
Chemistry : back to top. Turbulence in molcular clouds : back to top. Molcular Clouds Caution!! The Milky Way in Molecular Clouds: A New Complete CO Survey Sgr B2: Saggittarius B2 Complex. Cooling Curve : Cooling rate of gas as a function of temperature. Results : database with 1,, spectra. They showed Iint maps, channel maps, p-v diagrams, grand average spectrum, etc. Stil et al. Results : database with pointing. Results : It is found that sufficiently large gas sphere is graviattionally unstable, which is comparable to the Jean's formula of gravitational instability. Tomisaka, PASJ Motte et al. It was the first time to get the compact circumstellar dusty structures around YSOs and the extended emission from dense cores and ambient clouds detected simultaneously. The diffuse clouds are fragmented into 58 starless cores, with 19 of them showing flat intensity profile, 10 of them showing sharp peak. Ballesteros-Paredes et al. Results : They found that the clouds are usually trancient objects without well-defined cloud edge. Neither the thermal equilibrium nor the turbulent pressure is the cloud confining agent. Quasi-hydrostatic configurations can not be produced by turbulence. Results : They found that the Larson's density-size relation is an artifact due to limited dynamical range in column density in the old observation, while the velocity dispersion-size relation is true in both physical and observed clumps. They also confirmed that the clump mass histrogram follows a log-normal distribution. They concluded that successful fitting of BE profile to an observed cloud core does not guarantee hydrostatic equilibrium , and the fitted parameters mass, central density, density contrast, temperature, and radial profile of the BE sphere may differ significantly from the actual values in the cores. Results : 1 He argued that a turbulence eventually becomes unimportant in star formation because it is dissipative and decay rapidly to smaller scales; b magnetic field can be dissipated through ambipolar diffusion and the anisotropic magnetic field lines do not prevent matter from accumulating along the field lines. In contrast, thermal pressure work at all size scales and becomes increasingly important during the contraction of the interstellar clouds. Therefore, the Jeans mass determined by the ballance between thermal pressure and gravity is universal in the star formation processes, irrespective of what happened during the early stage of the star formation. During the cloud contraction processes, the atomic cooling rates increase with density in low density gas, thus the cloud temperature decreases with the progress of contraction. But when the density is higher than a certain threshold, the atomic cooling rates do not increase anymore due to opacity effect , the cloud temperature reaches a minimum of about 5K Larson and then turns to rise up due to the more and more efficient gravitational collapse heating. Therefore, the Jeans mass will decrease with further process of contraction. Consequently, the Jeans mass will decrease thus with more active fragmentation during the cold low-density contraction phase, whilst it will increase thus with fragmentation suppressed during the warmer high-density contraction phase. The critical state between the low-density and high-density contraction phases thus determines the final properties of the cloud fragmentation. Nearby Molecular Clouds This critical density is determined by the cooling properties, and thus nature and status of the material, of the clouds. Thus the mass of the first stars is largely determined by the intrinsic atomic and molecular properties of the H2. This is important at some stages when most polar molecules have been frozen out onto grains, because then the gas is thermally coupled with dust grains and the dust thermal emission becomes the major cooling agent. This limit is 0. Simulations support that the Jeans mass or Bonnor-Ebert mass at the critical density for the temperature minimum determines the peak mass of the IMF. He did not mention: why? In dense clouds, the cloud core can only collapse to form spherical structure. The thin sheets in the circumstellar discs can maintain for a long enough time to fragment to form smaller stars or planets, but it does not alter the overall shape of the IMF. Ballesteros-Paredes, et al. Results : 1 They proposed that GMCs are formed by large-scale gravitational instability induced by the stellar spiral arms in the galactic disc mid-plane, whilst the more scattered smaller-scale MCs distributed as turbulent atomic gas are formed by the compression of turbulence produced by SNe, superbubbles or HII regions. The PDF is usually a log-normal function, with the logarithmic density being in a Gaussian distribution. If, as suggested by some researchers, the lifetime of MCs is comparable or even shorter than the free-fall time constantly destroyed by star formation activities , the turbulence in MCs may never have enough time to decay. This is expected because clouds with much lower column density may not be molecular , while clouds with much higher column density may collapse quickly. MCs represent the tip of iceburg of the neutral stable gas distribution. However, both larger and smaller beta have been determined by other work. The index of compressible flows is uncertain yet. It could be several times of free-fall time, say, several Myr. Thus, angular momentum must be lost at all stages of star formation. The Astrophysics Spectator: Molecular Clouds The dynamics of multiple system can have effect to the formation of cluster. The more massive stars tend to move slower and thus sink to the center of the cluster. Accretion should be the major parth of star growth, because stellar encounter has very low possibility, unless it's in a very dense proto-cluster. Solomon, et al. Myers et al. Densities are estimated with the visual cloud sizes. The typical C18O sources have properties as below. They concluded that most of clouds should be supported by turbulence ; more than half of the sources show non-Gaussina profiles and blue screwed profile dominate, indication infall motions. Strong sources are also mapped. Sanders et al. Results : 1 the total mass of H2 3. Winnewisser, M. Frosts in the p Oph molecular cloud. Zinnecker, A. Websterl, T. Observations of 12 CO data and models for the dark cloud L Vedi, I. Williams, L. Avery, G. White, N. Dense cores and star formation in nearby dark clouds. IRAS observations of star formation in nearby molecular clouds. - Language Matters: A Guide to Everyday Questions About Language; - Reimagining with Christian Doctrines: Responding to Global Gender Injustices. - Iceland and the International Financial Crisis; - Ethical principles for social policy. - Navigation menu. Beichman, J. Emerson, R. Jennings, S. Harris, B. Baud, E. - Molecular Clouds and Dark Nebulae. - Young Star Clusters In Nearby Molecular Clouds.. - Star Formation in Molecular Clouds - Mark R. Krumholz! - Young Star Clusters In Nearby Molecular Clouds? - "Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission from Nearby Molecular Clouds as a Probe of " by Ryan Abrahams! Star formation in the centrally condensed core of the Rho Ophiuchi dark cloud. Warm dust in the RCRA molecular cloud. On the possible contribution of the frustrated total reflection in the composite dielectric grains to the extinction and polarization of light. The coexistence of spectral features of dust particles and of ionized gas as found in IRAS data. CO observations of high velocity gas around S The stellar content of nearby clouds — T Tauri stars. Mass outflows from T Tauri stars and their interaction with the environment. An overview on herbig-haro objects. VLA observations of point sources in the Rho Ophiuchi cloud. Montmerle, Ph. Upper limits to coronal emission from X-ray detected T Tauri stars. Lago, M. Penston, R. Rotation and X-ray activity in T Tauri stars. Bouvier, C. Bertout, W. Benz, M. Sandell, L. Nyman, A. Haschick, A. Wesselius, P.	152,458
An anonymous reader writes "SpaceX has cancelled the launch of a Falcon 9 rocket after identifying a potential concern during preflight testing. This is the third straight day technical issues or weather have caused a delay. "Today's Orbcomm launch attempt has been scrubbed to address a potential concern identified during pre-flight checks," a SpaceX spokesperson said in a statement. "The vehicle and payload are in good condition, and engineering teams will take the extra time to ensure the highest possible level of mission assurance prior to flight," the statement said. The rocket is now scheduled for a Tuesday launch."	81,554
The issue of same sex marriage remains a hot button topic, and continues to become state law across the country. President Obama expressed his pride in Illinois, when the state officially legalized same sex marriage yesterday. Illinois is the 15th state to put same sex marriage into law. Roland Martin spoke with journalist Deborah Mathis about the topic in regards to how gays and lesbians might feel about same sex marriage backlash. “I’ve seen members in my close family who have a serious and legitimate and earnest conundrum about this,” she said. “Now they are told to lay their principles aside… and accept this new way of thinking.” Where do you stand of the issue? Do you support same sex marriage?	230,893
There are 11 new "PatchOperation" actions we can perform to modify Defs without copying the whole thing. This in turn improves mod compatability dramatically - it allows two mods to modify different parts of the same Def without conflict. This guide only describes the basics of each operation available to us. Patches go in xml files in a subfolder named "Patches" in your mod folder (So "MyMod\Patches", just like you might have "MyMod\Defs" or "MyMod\Textures"). Example. Each PatchOperation has an "xpath" node, which should contain an xpath selector for the xml node(s) that the operation should affect. This is not an xpath tutorial. If you don't know xpath, not my problem. But minimurgle has you covered! To illustrate the operations, I'll use this simple example def:	22,207
When Sam Walton started his first retail outlet, even he would not have been sure of where it would take him and the paradigm shift he would give to the age old tale of retailing. From the sixties to this millennium, retail has evolved from being “the monkey” to being a “homo-sapien”. The evolution has been swift primarily because of the turnaround from supply side economics to demand oriented economics. One base learning that has been deeply enrooted in me during the course of my curricular studies is that “Customer is the King”, or more appropriately, “A profitable customer is the king”. On a pure philosophical level, the shift from capitalism to consumerism is something like the patriarchy giving way to democracy, and one thing is for sure: it is here to stay. The questions that this evolution is posed with are multiple, but the need of the hour is to find the perfect retail mix or whether it even exists or not. Romantically speaking, the current economic crisis has opened more possibilities than ever. For the real hero an adversity is more of a testing ground than something to give an excuse about: Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest thwarts the same fact. In this light, what is really that would make “the fit”-“fitter” can be viewed in the following ways: Collaboration Vs. Competition In the retail industry, it is common to have high footfalls but low conversion. To tackle this issue an alternative approach can be reengineering the supply chain not only on a company level but on an intra industry level. Integrating competitor resources together would only add buyer’s power to the cumulative retail sector. Common sourcing can be one way of going ahead. This would be helpful in getting better margins from manufacturers and would also be helpful in developing the organised retail market. The solution may be similar to the collaborative approach that is adopted by the banking sector in interbank ATM transactions that has made a tremendous improvement in terms of reach and more importantly market penetration. Technology as facilitator Vs. Technology as value provider Technology has always been looked upon as the facilitator of business activities but now looking at the expectations of consumers, technology should be looked at as a value provider. The new role of technology would impart it an unprecedented position in the coveted retail mix. This requires a fundamental shift of position driven by change in consumer perception towards technology. The awe that consumers had towards technology in the 20th century has been replaced by an expectation of consumers that stores should minimally have “state of art” IT infrastructure. This new demand for technology can only be captured by surprising the customers with an altogether new standard of technology. Not only would it add to the value proposition of the retailer it would also help tapping the new information age, tech savvy customer. Employees Vs. Business Facilitators "It's ironic that retailers and restaurants live or die on customer service, yet their employees have some of the lowest pay and worst benefits of any industry. That's one reason so many retail experiences are mediocre for the public." Howard Schultz When someone enters a shopping arcade one of the biggest turnoffs is the undernourished, exhausted looking employees that retail stores have. In this information age the role of sales executives has to change to being purchase facilitators in the true sense of the phrase. A major boost to this idea will be revaluation of the compensation structure. The training of employees at the grass root level is important and would only enhance the conversion rate. Drawing conclusion from the above mentioned ideas, the tale of retail would have a “happily ever after” continuum when the entire concept of retail is restructured, renovated and rejuvenated with greater enthusiasm. Eventually the shopping experience has to be enriched by enhancing quality through conscious endeavours of innovating and adding value. Lastly, the way to a resurrected retail sector in terms of quality of shopping experience can be elucidated by the following lines by William A. Foster “Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction and skilful execution; it represents the wise choice of many alternatives."	70,028
Google Remains Busy in Africa Google continues to work on making the Internet be part of everyday life in Africa. They are serious about Africa and their strategy is simple: get users online by developing a relevant, accessible, vibrant and self-sufficient Internet ecosystem. The current focus is to strengthen the African developer community so that they can provide local innovation for Africa. Of course, the local content will naturally rely on Google’s tools. The Google Africa Blog is a great source to hear immediate news and view a calendar of Google events on tap for Africa. From this site we can gather major events in Google’s African timeline and examine how Google is focusing its efforts. Recent major happenings include: - Mapping efforts have begun for Southern Sudan. Google Maps. - g\|funze, a workshop for teaching with technology was held in late April. Google Search, Google Apps, Google Earth. - AdSense payments made easier for Cameroon, Senegal, and Mauritius. Google AdSense. - Somalia received a local Google search domain, Google.so. Google Search. - AdSense for mobile content was made available in Nigeria as part of a global effort to add 15 nations to the program. Google AdSense. - A business conference in the Gambia touted Google Apps. Google Search, Google Maps, Google Apps. Additionally, three events for developers – g-Cameroon , g-Nigeria , g-Ghana – will have occurred from late-April to late-June. g-Kenya and g-Uganda were held back in September 2010. These events use a two-day format to help both software developers and marketers. The events tout the use of Google Maps, Apps, Chrome, Trends, YouTube, Analytics, Website Optimizer, and AdSense to facilitate business. So far, these events have been limited to areas where Google has offices. Speaking of events, Google looks busy throughout the summer: Lastly, Google is actively growing various teams in the African region. Google is hiring for these following locations in: East Africa (Kenya/Uganda), Francophone Africa (Senegal), Nigeria, South Africa and West/Central Africa (Ghana). There are roles open in various areas: Business Operations and Development, Engineering Operations and Management, Legal & Public Policy, Marketing and Communications and Sales.	22,054
Lazy. For a short little word, it sure comes with a bad reputation. And it hangs out with a notorious crew of other words: fat, boring, stupid, sluggish. To be honest, I thought of this post idea a long, long time ago, but I’ve been too lazy to sit down and write it. Until tonight. So we’ve all heard “lazy” used in a derogatory way. “Get off that couch and do something, you lazy bum” is a phrased that I heard way too many times when I was a teenager. And I get it, sometimes being a human sloth isn’t really the best way to get anything accomplished. But we all have a limited amount of energy to get through our days, and sometimes you just need to take a break for a while and be lazy for the evening. Or the weekend. Or in my case, for a decade 😊. To borrow a phrase from Dean Wormer in the movie Animal House: “Lazy is no way to go through life.” But I want to flip that idea on its head. If you’re reading my blog, you’ve probably heard that actively-managed mutual funds under-perform low-fee passive index funds, so maybe our friend “lazy” has some positive attributes, too! Legendary inventor and telemarketing salesman Ron Popeil had a famous line he used over and over about his Showtime Rotisserie & BBQ: What if we applied that to our financial lives? Could you “set it and forget it” if you set up automatic contributions to your workplace 401(k)? Maybe just check back once or twice a year… that is still infrequent enough to be considered lazy! Could you “set it and forget it” if you set up automatic bill pay for your recurring expenses and routine transfers to your high-yield savings account? That’s not just lazy, it’s smart! Would it be ok to be “lazy” and hire a property manager so you can just sit back and collect rent checks from your rental property? Sure, it might cut into your profits a little bit, but think of the headaches it will save you! How about hiring a cleaning service and a lawn service to take care of chores so you can be lazy and have someone else take care of your house? It could be a good move if that frees you up to spend more time and mental energy expanding your side business or working on a special project that could result in a promotion at work. I think lazy gets a bad wrap, and it shouldn’t be considered such a terrible thing. What do you think? Am I just lazily defending myself for being a slug?	35,634
Nationwide Children’s Research Institute This first-ever computer-programmed and sensor-interactive donor wall at the Columbus Children's Research Institute celebrates donors whose names are displayed as a connecting path of trailblazers between science and the child. A brilliantly designed and computer-driven LED lighting system illuminates the 26-foot-wide curving mural with an interactive and progressively pulsing light that follows the flow of foot traffic in the lobby. Connecting all the artistic elements and symbols of science and generosity is a beautiful and "musical" trajectory of subatomic particles in liquid hydrogen emanating from the flute of a small child calling the scientists to their work. Winner, Award of Distinction for Environmental Graphics and Signage, 35th Annual Creativity Awards Competition	295,767
Do you work for yourself as a self-employed independent contractor or freelancer? Depending on the amount of work you’ve done, you may get a 1099 form in the future. Nevertheless, what precisely is a 1099 and why is it so critical? The 1099 Form: The Basics Freelancers and independent contractors aren’t exempt from taxation because of their status as self-employed. In essence, 1099 papers inform the Internal Revenue Service of the amount a business paid you as a “non-employee” during the previous tax year. As a substitute for the W-2 forms that companies use to report income for workers, think of this data as you only qualify for 1099 if you provide services to a business rather than work directly for it. The majority of the time, an independent contractor is able to choose their own schedule and work as much or as little as they desire. Do you currently work for a ride-sharing service? What are you doing for a friend’s company? In each of these cases, you would be qualified for a 1099 since you are an independent contractor. Choosing the 1099 services from Checkissuing is a good decision there. If a business pays a freelancer less than $600 in a year, the independent contractor does not required getting a 1099. On the other hand, Freelancers must still report their earnings on their tax returns. This is when things start to become dangerous. What You Need to Know About 1099s Having a fundamental understanding of 1099 forms, we’ll now look at how an employer prepares a 1099 form. Here are a few things to keep in mind while preparing this paperwork for submission to the IRS: Your Data Should Be Checked Having accurate information on your contractors is critical. Each freelancer’s name, address, and Social Security number should be on a W-9 form that you’ve previously completed. Ask your independent contractors whether any of their personal information has changed. Prepare your 1099 tax forms At this point, getting your 1099s and getting started is all that’s left. One error to avoid here is utilizing a downloadable form or even a sample from the IRS. If this seems like a bother to you, that’s because it is. Use forms that can be read by the IRS scanners that handle 1099 forms instead. Completing the Required Paperwork This is the part that will take the most time to complete. The contractor’s details and your federal tax ID number should be included on each 1099 form. Box 7 under “Non-employee compensation” is where you’ll see the amount of money that was handed out to the contractor. Filling out the contact information forms is the last step. Because of this, completing 1099s by hand might take a considerable amount of time. That’s why an e-filing service like OnlineFileTaxes.com is recommended. Send Out The Paperwork You’ve spent a lot of time filling out 1099s and are now ready to send them out and go back to operating your company. Independent contractors must get their copy by the 1st of February through mail or personal delivery. You may be subject to significant IRS penalties if you miss this deadline. Make duplicates for your own reference. Copy C is for your records and should not be thrown away. Keeping these data on hand is critical, even if you don’t want them cluttering up your workplace. The last thing you want is to be called by the IRS and not have your own copy of a contractor’s 1099.	4,648
E-cigarette users in California, heads up. If this bill gets through, you may no longer be able to bring your e-cigarette anywhere you go. A new bill pushed by Democrat Mark Leno seeks to control the sale and use of e-cigarettes, also called vapour cigarettes, by banning smoking them in public. It also wants to penalize any store that sells the product to minors. Vapor cigarettes have become extremely popular over the last few years as an alternative to traditional cigarettes. Many studies have already proven that the latter contains too much carcinogens. In fact, more than 90% of lung cancer can be attributed to long-term smoking of traditional cigarettes. E-cigarettes work by heating a liquid with nicotine then inhaling the steam. Until now there's no definite study when it comes to the health risks of e-cigarettes. Nevertheless, according to Leno, e-cigarettes will just as be harmful as regular cigarettes as they can still cause nicotine addiction. He further added that if the use and sale of vapor cigarettes is not controlled, there will be more families and friends dying from them just like how it is with traditional tobacco. With the bill, e-cigarette smokers can no longer use the device in their workplaces, restaurants, and other public spaces. But that's not all. The bill will also restrict the sale of e-cigarettes to minors by imposing penalties to stores that sell them to these young ones. There's a growing number of teens who are smoking e-cigarettes since they don't leave any nasty scent that is normally associated with tobacco. Moreover, they are available in different fun flavors such as chocolate and bubble gum. As early as now, the bill is already facing some scrutiny from groups such as American Vaping Association. They believe that the bill may prevent traditional smokers from quitting. Leno, on the other hand, has gained support by none other than American Heart Association and American Cancer Society.	70,448

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