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09ff8ecb5de0e7c8c4ab64db2a67f46a | What is a cord blood transplant? | cord blood transplant: Stem cell transplant using cells collected from the umbilical cord and placenta following the birth of healthy newborns. |
124f05a0d43dc46df071e6da50a87dd9 | What are red blood cells or erythrocytes? | red blood cells (erythrocytes): Cells that carry oxygen. |
e139f680f84c550fc9754e4f961280de | What is a bone marrow transplant? | bone marrow transplant ( BMT): A transplant containing all three types of blood cells that develop in the bone marrow: red cells, white cells, and platelets. |
3ec5fbb44fe66186d5aa4663bd1b733b | What are hematopoietic stem cells? | hematopoietic stem cells: Immature blood cells or blood-forming stem cells. |
5ff043b036cddd507bc92a5dd12e6597 | What are embryonic stem cells? | embryonic stem cells: Immature cells from umbilical cord blood that can develop into many types of cells, including blood cells. |
be51cbc61664562745cedf19c1464ac4 | What are monoclonal antibodies? | monoclonal antibodies: Molecules made in a laboratory, engineered to attach to your cancer cells so they can be seen as foreign and attacked by your immune system. |
3677a5498a1c8a57a50525a9cf38bc43 | What are granulocyte colony-stimulating factor drugs? | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor drugs: Growth factor medicines given to draw stem cells from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. |
63d9a6336b198e4ce871937892853ab9 | What is a port catheter? | port catheter: A tube surgically placed in your chest near your neck through which to give chemotherapy and receive your stem cell infusion. It may also be used to draw blood. An indwelling catheter is more commonly used for catheters in the bladder. |
d00dcee7207fe426f80dfdc554cdb75f | What is anemia? | anemia: A condition caused by a lack of red blood cells, the cells that transport oxygen to the body's tissues. |
c9ede6444639ef03328af5c0e1ac552d | What is the immune system? | immune system: A network of cells, tissues, and organs that protects your body from disease and infection. |
73ff5dbe31534d7c3895c95f4cc7aa13 | What is bone marrow in regard to stem cell transplantation? | bone marrow: The spongy part of some bones, where blood cells develop from immature marrow cells called stem cells. |
bc1e6c20c8d3da57562d69acbd0ab1c1 | What is apheresis? | apheresis: A process in which whole blood is drawn from a donor, the stem cells are then harvested, and the other blood products are returned to the donor. |
99650de048ab8e492bd2cefecea54f28 | What are antibodies? | antibodies: Proteins made by your body that fight off foreign substances. |
c1e048499e1803f6ab903ebca9d12a99 | What are the warning signs of suicide due to bipolar disorder? | People who also have a substance abuse problem may need more specialized treatment. Some people who have bipolar disorder may become suicidal. Learn the warning signs and seek immediate medical help for them: Depression (changes in eating, sleeping, activities) Isolating yourself Talking about suicide, hopelessness, or helplessness Acting recklessly Taking more risks Having more accidents Abusing alcohol or other drugs Focusing on morbid and negative themes Talking about death and dying Crying more, or becoming less emotionally expressive Giving away possessions |
f45bf94e2a6a21225dfa0948cd93f1ed | What are the symptoms of mania from bipolar disorder? | Symptoms of mania ("the highs"): Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile Restlessness Rapid speech and poor concentration Increased energy and less need for sleep Unusually high sex drive Making grand and unrealistic plans Showing poor judgment Drug and alcohol abuse Becoming more impulsive During depressive periods ("the lows"), a person with bipolar disorder may have: Sadness Loss of energy Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness Not enjoying things they once liked Trouble concentrating Uncontrollable crying Trouble making decisions Irritability Needing more sleep Insomnia Appetite changes that make them lose or gain weight Thoughts of death or suicide Attempting suicide When someone develops bipolar disorder, it usually starts when they're in late adolescence or young adulthood. |
00c46389384af4a5822c02ec58f5ebf2 | What does hypomania bipolar disorder mean? | Hypomania" describes milder symptoms of mania, in which someone does not have delusions or hallucinations, and their high symptoms do not interfere with their everyday life. |
8ee333ba824e96ea4355307bd8d6b979 | What are the symptoms of depressive periods in bipolar disorder? | Symptoms of mania ("the highs"): Excessive happiness, hopefulness, and excitement Sudden changes from being joyful to being irritable, angry, and hostile Restlessness Rapid speech and poor concentration Increased energy and less need for sleep Unusually high sex drive Making grand and unrealistic plans Showing poor judgment Drug and alcohol abuse Becoming more impulsive During depressive periods ("the lows"), a person with bipolar disorder may have: Sadness Loss of energy Feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness Not enjoying things they once liked Trouble concentrating Uncontrollable crying Trouble making decisions Irritability Needing more sleep Insomnia Appetite changes that make them lose or gain weight Thoughts of death or suicide Attempting suicide When someone develops bipolar disorder, it usually starts when they're in late adolescence or young adulthood. |
df8a1414112251dc571f2bb12df6a09c | What can I expect after bipolar disorder treatment? | Ongoing treatment is more effective than dealing with problems as they come up. People who also have a substance abuse problem may need more specialized treatment. |
687c1d65b3b3a867b3f7564f9d6638a4 | What are the symptoms of bipolar disorder? | In bipolar disorder, the dramatic episodes of high and low moods do not follow a set pattern. Someone may feel the same mood state (depressed or manic) several times before switching to the opposite mood. These episodes can happen over a period of weeks, months, and sometimes even years. How severe it gets differs from person to person and can also change over time, becoming more or less severe. |
ebb1e220ff51b32708d34a0f5f93ba4c | How is bipolar disorder treated? | Bipolar disorder can be treated. It's a long-term condition that needs ongoing care. Medication is the main treatment, usually involving "mood stabilizers" such as carbamazepine ( Tegretol), lamotrigine ( Lamictal), lithium, or valproate ( Depakote). Sometimes antipsychotic drugs are also used such as olanzapine ( Zyprexa), quetiapine ( Seroquel), lurasidone ( Latuda) and cariprazine ( Vraylar)), as well as antidepressants. Combinations of medicines are often used. Psychotherapy, or "talk therapy," is often recommended, too. People who have four or more mood episodes in a year, or who also have drug or alcohol problems, can have forms of the illness that are much harder to treat. |
49e4d73a98f6001b9aa1da2888b719fd | Can a pregnant woman pass genital herpes to her baby? | A pregnant woman can pass genital herpes on to her baby, so it's particularly serious during pregnancy. If you get infected near the end of pregnancy, the risk is highest. At least 30% and as many as 50% of newly infected pregnant women give the virus to their babies. For moms who were infected long before delivery, the risk is much lower. Less than 1% of babies born to mothers with an older genital herpes infection get the virus. |
b9583e830a1854a49e7c97b602d93f9f | How can you reduce the risk of passing genital herpes to your partner? | You can reduce the risk to your partner by having sex only when you have no symptoms. However, the virus can still be contagious without any noticeable symptoms such as sores or a rash on the skin. That's why you should always use a latex condom. A condom does not completely eliminate the risk, because it may not cover an affected area, but it does offer some protection. Taking the antiviral drugs acyclovir ( Zovirax), famciclovir ( Famvir), and valacyclovir ( Valtrex) can make symptoms appear less often and make them less severe. |
d86022aefd621212bee544af6ce5bc92 | How can I reduce the risk of getting pneumonia from people around me? | Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria and some viruses. So you need to make sure that people who touch you aren't transmitting any nasty germs. |
7ed7d6a863c32dc79582c5729d62a3b8 | How can I prevent pneumonia before surgery? | Follow your doctor's instructions about not eating or drinking before surgery. Usually, your doctor will tell you not to eat or drink after midnight the night before surgery. You must follow that advice. If you're going under anesthesia and still have food in your stomach, fluid or vomit may back up and get into your lungs. This can lead to one type of pneumonia called aspiration pneumonia. |
9689da1016be54e3adb8fca189edcb8a | Does the flu cause stomach problems? | They may include: Fever Headache Fatigue Aches and pains Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose It's more common in children, but older adults sometimes have stomach symptoms -- like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea -- with this illness. |
baef3e479a5c16555c22437c5bdb86aa | What symptoms suggest complications of the flu? | The flu can lead to: Pneumonia Dehydration Worsening of chronic conditions such as asthma, emphysema, and heart disease Call your doctor immediately if you have any of these symptoms: You have trouble breathing with the flu. Symptoms don't improve or get worse after 3 or 4 days. After flu symptoms improve, you suddenly develop signs of a more serious problem including nausea, vomiting, high fever, shaking chills, chest pain, or coughing with thick, yellow-green mucus. |
f96ed70a8d6627eb8f619287b8b593f4 | Can older adults use the nasal flu vaccine? | Flu Mist is a nasal spray flu vaccine that contains a live flu virus. It isn't recommended for adults over age 49. |
310998d6d2601a3dc78b0574ea078692 | Is there a specific flu vaccine for older adults? | A high-dose flu vaccine is made just for seniors. It has four times as much active ingredient as a regular flu shot to provide a better immune response in older people. It's recommended for people ages 65 and older, if it's available. |
8c1cb0ec018004ce3b4581d0e54c152c | What are flu symptoms in older adults? | Flu symptoms in older adults are pretty much the same as in other age groups. They may include: Fever Headache Fatigue Aches and pains Cough Sore throat Runny or stuffy nose It's more common in children, but older adults sometimes have stomach symptoms -- like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea -- with this illness. |
37e6ad7d311c15b6823413dd589fa687 | How is the flu treated in older adults? | Contact your doctor if you get symptoms. He'll check for complications and suggest treatment. He might prescribe an antiviral medication like oseltamivir ( Tamiflu), peramivir ( Rapivab), or zanamivir ( Relenza). Other ways to treat flu symptoms in older adults include: Get lots of rest. Drink plenty of liquids. Ask the doctor or pharmacist before you take a new over-the-counter cold or flu medicine. He can make sure it won't interfere with prescription drugs or complicate your other medical conditions. |
dab514fec0ce7c104527f0accd919587 | Can older adults prevent the flu? | The best way to prevent it is to get an annual flu vaccine. Getting the shot is a smart idea. It makes a big difference in hospitalization and death rates among older adults who live at home and those in nursing homes. |
fcf87f51e92acaceeef1ccabc3d6f064 | What can I do if I'm embarrassed about having rosacea? | If your symptoms are seriously affecting your mood and self-esteem, do something about it. Treatment for your rosacea symptoms is key. You could also ask your doctor about using makeup to hide affected patches of skin. If you're stressed or depressed, you might get help from counseling or medications. Never ignore signs of anxiety or depression. Talk to your doctor right away so that you can get help. |
58a3b5af2c7805bbd8062d444d7de3ab | What does a differential diagnosis mean for food allergies? | A differential diagnosis is the process of telling the difference between a food allergy, a food intolerance, and other illnesses. When you go to the doctor's office and say, " I think I have a food allergy," they have to consider a list of other things that could cause similar symptoms and be confused with a food allergy. |
144bb8cb0b4a38a8077c7d81b210573a | Which food allergies are most common? | In adults, they include: Peanuts Tree nuts, such as walnuts Shellfish, including shrimp, crayfish, lobster, and crab For children, the food allergens that most often cause problems are: Eggs Milk Peanuts Adults usually don't lose their allergies, but children do sometimes. Kids are more likely to outgrow allergies to milk, eggs, and soy than to peanuts, fish, and shrimp. The foods that you'll react to are often those that you eat regularly. In Japan, for example, you'll find rice allergy. In Scandinavia, codfish allergy is common. |
3b135abca2eb26eab90dbc54209d4b75 | How can food intolerances be tied to psychological triggers? | Some people may have a food intolerance with a psychological trigger. An unpleasant event, often during childhood, that's tied to eating a particular food can bring on a rush of unpleasant sensations when you eat that food later, even as an adult. |
4cd2c8ad71cc43e72d502dd46593acca | How are patients with severe food allergies treated? | Even people who are very careful can make a mistake, so if you have severe food allergies, you must be prepared to treat an accidental exposure. If you've had anaphylactic reactions to a food, you should wear a medical alert bracelet or necklace. And you should carry two auto-injectors of epinephrine ( Adrenaclick, Auvi- Q, Epi Pen) and be ready to use them if you think a reaction is starting. Mild symptoms such as tingling in your mouth and throat or an upset stomach might not be an allergic reaction, but you should still give yourself an injection. It won't hurt, and it could save your life. Then call 911 or get a ride to the emergency room. |
7dfd587e93a885d3e23753425ea22127 | What are sensitive food allergies like? | For highly allergic people, even tiny amounts of an allergen (as little as 1/44,000 of a peanut kernel) can trigger a reaction. Less-sensitive people may be able to have small amounts of a food that they're allergic to. |
83fb5d1ae2b07c215487e99692c8a8eb | What are the benefits of breastfeeding relative to food allergies? | Doctors recommend only breastfeeding infants for the first 4-6 months, if possible, for many reasons, but there's no proof that it prevents food allergies later in life. While some pregnant women may hope limiting their diets while they're pregnant or breastfeeding may help their children avoid allergies, the experts disagree and don't suggest it. Soy formula isn't a good way to prevent allergies either. |
e869d3d0ec7c1138d4f90736e1ce4c59 | Can food allergies cause certain disorders? | Although some people think certain illnesses can be caused by food allergies, evidence doesn't back up such claims. Histamines in cheese or red wine, for example, can trigger migraines. But we can't say that food allergies actually cause migraines. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis aren't made worse by foods. Food allergies don't cause "allergic tension fatigue syndrome," where people get tired, nervous, and may have problems concentrating or headaches. |
a7e1f5b18c2c1a696a056382d41aaac1 | What are food allergens? | And since some food allergens aren't broken down by the heat of cooking or by stomach acids or enzymes that digest food, they can cross into your bloodstream. From there, they can travel and cause allergic reactions throughout your body. |
2d6b967b3754403f9f080c531d724eb4 | How much fiber should you have to prevent diverticulosis? | The American Dietetic Association recommends 20 to 35 grams of fiber a day. Every person, regardless of the presence of diverticula, should try to consume this much fiber every day. Fiber is the indigestible part of plant foods. High-fiber foods include whole grain breads, cereals, and crackers; berries; fruit; vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, spinach, carrots, asparagus, squash, and beans; brown rice; bran products; and cooked dried peas and beans, among other foods. |
7b71408b430259d46573b5f30396355e | What can you do to prevent diverticulosis? | To prevent diverticular disease or reduce the complications from it, maintain good bowel habits. |
d1098bc1a72c86175995804bdba71005 | What does diverticular disease consist of? | Diverticular Bleeding Diverticular bleeding occurs with chronic injury to the small blood vessels that are next to the diverticula. |
112db563d46005046681ece4f72d488b | How does diverticular bleeding occur? | Diverticular Bleeding Diverticular bleeding occurs with chronic injury to the small blood vessels that are next to the diverticula. |
c479d84c5f01e32fa62edfaddcbd4ba3 | How is diverticulosis diagnosed? | Symptoms of diverticulitis may include: Diarrhea and/or constipation Painful cramps or tenderness in the lower abdomen Chills or fever Because people with diverticulosis do not have any symptoms, it is usually found through tests ordered for an unrelated reason. They usually include barium enema, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. |
22f5d0bc34576e027bbad76fa9eb0bf4 | How do complications occur in diverticulosis? | Complications can occur in about 20% of people with diverticulosis. One of these complications is rectal bleeding, called diverticular bleeding, and another is diverticular infection, called diverticulitis. |
4a9587aa29ffdf9c7eb0d091bf3381a0 | How does diverticulitis occur? | Diverticulitis Diverticulitis occurs when there is inflammation and infection in one or more diverticula. This usually happens when outpouchings become blocked with waste, allowing bacteria to build up, causing infection. |
334a9d46ef0d0e1b8ba5388621557d6d | What are symptoms of diverticulosis? | Diverticulosis does not cause any troublesome symptoms. |
159bd27d24cf2893e167db70810b1cc0 | How does repetitive physical stress lead to neuropathy, and how can I manage it? | Repetitive Physical Stress This includes activities such as typing, playing tennis, or any activity that repeatedly uses a certain part of the body (like your wrist or elbow). This can cause your ligaments, tendons, and muscles to become inflamed and swollen. That puts pressure on your nerves, which can lead to neuropathy. |
0037a0346715ca65e51feb4972e60d92 | Can vitamin imbalances cause neuropathy? | Vitamin Imbalances or Deficiencies If you don't get enough of certain vitamins, your nerves can become damaged and stop working properly. Vitamin B12 is especially important for your nerves to work properly. Vitamins E, B1, B6, B9, folate, and niacin also play a role. A restricted or poor diet or health problems such as Crohn's disease are some reasons you may not get enough vitamins. What helps: If you're on a diet, or if you have a condition that makes it hard for you to get the nutrients you need, ask your doctor for advice. She may refer you to a dietitian. |
b15ae2a16555f69c617208dfac366238 | Can diabetes cause nerve damage (neuropathy)? | Diabetes It doesn't happen overnight, but diabetes can cause nerve damage, especially if your blood sugar is out of control. You may have pain, tingling, or no feeling in your feet, legs, and hands. Or you might not have any symptoms. What helps: It's important to get your blood sugar under control. If you have pain, tell your doctor. And be sure to clean your feet daily and check them for any problems, in case you don't have feeling in them. |
07e04c6962a9392905ded6dadc34a0d2 | How do injuries lead to neuropathy, and how can I manage it? | Injury Car accidents, sports injuries, broken bones, or even surgery can cause nerve damage. That can lead to neuropathy. What helps: Talk with your doctor about ways to control any pain and whether physical therapy, acupuncture, or aids such as a brace, cane, or orthopedic shoes would be useful. |
4df46b2a5e9a3ae1f1d3901a328534ee | How do poison or toxins lead to neuropathy, and how can I manage it? | Poison or Toxins If you're exposed to heavy metals like lead, arsenic, or mercury, or certain insecticides or industrial-strength chemicals, you could develop neuropathy. What helps: If you know you've been exposed, call your doctor or poison control center. |
2132a886eddf328ba9218559170133a6 | Is there a cure or treatment for bone metastasis? | But treatment can often help relieve symptoms. The kind of treatment your doctor recommends depends, in part, on what kind of primary cancer you have. |
2ff7e4c51dcc9618e41254e6919af2d1 | How is radiation therapy used to treat bone metastasis? | High-energy X-rays can kill cancer cells or slow their growth. Alone or combined with other treatments, this can relieve symptoms of bone mets. |
6a16443f86d7a871dd134113f47df053 | Are bones usually formed or destroyed in bone metastasis? | This includes bones in the: Spine Pelvis Ribs Upper arms Thighs In some cases, areas of bone are destroyed (osteolytic). In other cases, new bone may form in response to bone metastasis (osteoblastic). In many cases of cancer such as breast cancer, either - or both -- bone destruction and new bone formation may occur. |
adf6bc52efa514bf213ca674d4efc16d | How is denosumab used in bone metastasis? | Denosumab ( Xgeva). Similar to bisphosphonates, this drug is injected to help keep bone from breaking down. |
30d506eb620a9d6ae4c5f492dc736c26 | What is the process by which cancers metastasize to the bones? | The spread of cancer to bone is a complex process that doctors are just beginning to understand. Metastasis typically involves the following process: Cancer cells invade normal tissue nearby, then move through the walls of nearby lymph or blood vessels and begin circulating through the lymphatic system and bloodstream to reach other parts of the body. After stopping in small blood vessels at a further location, they invade the blood vessel walls and migrate into surrounding tissue where they multiply and form smaller tumors. Those new tumors need a blood supply for continued growth, so they stimulate the growth of new blood vessels. |
fcf81955b00d0eb674218182ffd5caba | What are some treatments that can help relieve bone metastasis pain and other symptoms? | These treatments for the bone can help relieve bone metastasis pain and other symptoms: Radiation therapy. High-energy X-rays can kill cancer cells or slow their growth. Alone or combined with other treatments, this can relieve symptoms of bone mets. Radiopharmaceuticals. Used only for cancer that spreads to bone, these are drugs with radioactive elements. When they are injected, they go to the bone with cancer, killing cancer cells and helping to relieve pain. Low blood counts can be a side effect of this type of therapy. Ablation. In this method, a needle is put directly into a tumor to destroy it with heat, cold, electric current, or alcohol. MRI- Guided Focused Ultrasound. This is a noninvasive procedure that uses ultrasound energy guided by MRI scanning to destroy nerve endings in the area of the tumor. The procedure is used to relieve pain in people who have not had success with radiation or who are unable to be treated with radiation. Bisphosphonates ( Aredia and Zometa). Given intravenously ( IV) for bone mets, these drugs can reduce damage to the bone, lower the risk of breaks, reduce high blood calcium levels, and lessen pain. Denosumab ( Xgeva). Similar to bisphosphonates, this drug is injected to help keep bone from breaking down. Surgery. If bone damage is severe, inserting a supportive rod may be a good option. Other types of surgery may relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Injections of bone cement. These can also strengthen bones to prevent breaks. Your options for treatment of bone mets may vary depending on your type of cancer, your condition, and tolerance of possible side effects. |
3f59b2ffdde535e8ff403ced2bf98151 | What is the most common area of metastasis for breast, prostate, lung, or kidney cancer? | Bone metastasis is more likely with cancers such as: Breast Prostate Lung Kidney Thyroid About three out of four cases of bone metastasis result from tumors in the breast, prostate, lung, or kidney. Almost 70% of people with advanced breast or prostate cancer have bone metastasis; bone is commonly the first area of metastasis for these cancers. |
b457220bb80befc91ca7dac7f3c62a34 | How is ablation used to treat bone metastasis? | In this method, a needle is put directly into a tumor to destroy it with heat, cold, electric current, or alcohol. |
d920feffdb676afc4f74c0effd21cb6a | How do doctors treat bone metastasis? | Other factors include: Which bones the cancer has invaded Damage to the bones Which treatments you have already had Your state of health In most cases, doctors treat bone metastasis by treating the primary cancer. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy are examples of treatments commonly used to treat the primary cancer. These are systemic treatments, so they can travel through the bloodstream to reach different parts of the body. |
d8ed15f5baef8375d3f5f5ca8dbe0782 | How is surgery used to treat bone metastasis? | If bone damage is severe, inserting a supportive rod may be a good option. Other types of surgery may relieve pressure on the spinal cord. |
135bc2562aa5962e46042c5940f4d228 | Where are the most common places for cancer to spread? | Here are the types of cancer that are most likely to metastasize to the bone and what treatments can provide relief. |
e9d8227e1a9da2b35cf83b6c22ccfe27 | What are some factors that doctors consider when treating bone metastasis? | But treatment can often help relieve symptoms. The kind of treatment your doctor recommends depends, in part, on what kind of primary cancer you have. Other factors include: Which bones the cancer has invaded Damage to the bones Which treatments you have already had Your state of health In most cases, doctors treat bone metastasis by treating the primary cancer. |
5a6afbfe39365e9e0426153858d75e2c | How are injections of bone cement used to treat bone metastasis? | These can also strengthen bones to prevent breaks. |
1ffed9ff2cf9a07b10a2eef60733d193 | Why and where do tumors form in the bones? | The type of cancer may have something to do with why tumors form in bones. Certain cancers may release proteins that affect how a tumor forms. |
c580c9a822e4aa0e5380239634e5f029 | Why do tumors most often form in the bones? | The type of cancer may have something to do with why tumors form in bones. Certain cancers may release proteins that affect how a tumor forms. Bones provide fertile ground for the growth of tumor cells, because they are areas of constant cell turnover and growth. And bone cells release substances that may prompt faster cancer growth. |
1d86e3b411f5efae87eeed75038ed16e | How is MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound used to treat bone metastasis? | This is a noninvasive procedure that uses ultrasound energy guided by MRI scanning to destroy nerve endings in the area of the tumor. The procedure is used to relieve pain in people who have not had success with radiation or who are unable to be treated with radiation. |
f931fc676ea1c46687bc19a073088e3f | What are the symptoms of bone metastasis? | Compression of the spinal cord if cancer in a bone of the spine grows and puts pressure on the spinal cord; this can cause nerve symptoms of numbness, weakness, urinary problems, and paralysis. |
5006146581f04189acd0721e24cc683f | How are radiopharmaceuticals used to treat bone metastasis? | Used only for cancer that spreads to bone, these are drugs with radioactive elements. When they are injected, they go to the bone with cancer, killing cancer cells and helping to relieve pain. Low blood counts can be a side effect of this type of therapy. |
a2b077880fed983d99fad76dd3670c3c | How is bone metastasis usually treated? | Other factors include: Which bones the cancer has invaded Damage to the bones Which treatments you have already had Your state of health In most cases, doctors treat bone metastasis by treating the primary cancer. Chemotherapy and hormone therapy are examples of treatments commonly used to treat the primary cancer. These are systemic treatments, so they can travel through the bloodstream to reach different parts of the body. |
fc7f11237ba635b7ca0c179f7892d6e2 | What factors are involved in the treatment of bone metastasis other than type of primary cancer? | Other factors include: Which bones the cancer has invaded Damage to the bones Which treatments you have already had Your state of health In most cases, doctors treat bone metastasis by treating the primary cancer. |
080172459745e314ffbf3a25db236ac4 | What are usual symptoms of food allergies that will lead to asthma? | Additives, such as sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite, are commonly used in food processing or preparation and can be found in foods such as: Dried fruits or vegetables Potatoes (packaged and some prepared) Wine and beer Bottled lime or lemon juice Shrimp (fresh, frozen, or prepared) Pickled foods For most people, the usual symptoms of food allergies are hives, rash, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. If you have food allergies that trigger symptoms of an asthma attack, you will likely have these allergy symptoms, followed by coughing and wheezing. And if not caught quickly, anaphylaxis -- swelling of the throat, cutting off your airway -- may result. |
24306bcf2b4147e9925f0de716e3405f | How can keeping epinephrine help me deal with asthma? | If your allergies are severe, you should keep two epinephrine shot kits with you that are always easy to get to. If you have any sign of anaphylaxis, don't hesitate to use the epinephrine auto-injector, even if you aren't sure your symptoms are allergy-related. Using the auto-injector as a precaution won't hurt you and might save you. Dial 911 after you give yourself the shot. |
3e7ba1b68eff0d0068be914e0c8254f7 | How can allergy shots help me deal with asthma? | They can train your immune system to not overreact. The doctors will give you allergy shots (immunotherapy) -- a small amount of the substance that causes your allergy. After repeated shots over a period of time, your immune system eventually stops causing the allergic reaction. Ask your doctor if you're a candidate for allergy shots. Sublingual immunotherapy ( SLIT) is an alternative to allergy shots. |
fba9285bba2c23bb9c202143704a0e01 | How can sleep help with fibro fog and fatigue? | There's a strong connection between sleep quality and your level of fatigue. While some fibromyalgia medications may help, they may not be enough. In addition to regular exercise and pacing yourself, practice good sleep habits. These include a regular bedtime and wake-up time and a dark, cool, quiet room Some people with fibromyalgia have a second condition that causes fatigue, like an inflammatory disease, anemia, or low thyroid. Get tested and, if needed, treated. |
c87f4ba146e592326fa297aa32b6a058 | What can you do at work to help with fibro fog and fatigue? | Take a fibromyalgia education program to learn healthy behaviors and how to tweak everyday activities for less stress. If you work outside the home, talk to your employer about things that might help you do your job: Take breaks more often Change your work schedule Switch to a different position that better matches your abilities A psychologist or neurologist may be able to suggest more adaptations, or use biofeedback or cognitive behavior therapy to boost your focus. An occupational therapist can show you how to make physical changes, from a better workstation to stretches you can do at your desk. |
76e4d972083918d71c663245f167734b | How should you get organized if you have fibro fog and fatigue? | Use an online calendar or app that lets you color-code activities by importance. Plan work projects and home responsibilities at least a week in advance. Then take a big-picture look. Are there too many high-priority items and not enough down time? Make adjustments, even if it means sometimes saying "no." |
b68bad7d90278dca6e07e5252b31c932 | What is fibro fog? | It can also affect your thinking ability, a symptom called fibro fog, and your energy level, leaving you with extreme fatigue. Even though you feel these symptoms, they aren't visible, and there aren't any tests that can measure them. You'll need to work closely with your medical team to address your specific challenges with fatigue and fibro fog, because they're a little different for everyone. Do your part by taking steps to conserve energy and overcome concentration and memory issues to power through your day. Severe fatigue -- more than just being tired -- affects up to 4 out of 5 of people with fibromyalgia. It often goes hand-in-hand with sleepless nights. |
3219d67c0464edb7921f265d9205d407 | Should you exercise if you have fibro fog and fatigue? | Given how you feel, you may want to shy away from exercise. But it's one of the most effective ways to handle fibromyalgia. When you're too tired to exercise, that lack of activity leads to greater muscle weakness and more fatigue. Over time, regular exercise lessens fatigue. Consistency can have a greater impact than intensity. It's possible that exercise also creates a positive chain reaction that boosts brain function. Studies show a link between physical ability and thinking ability. People who can do more physically often do better in areas like attention and decision-making. Start out at an easy pace. Work with a physical therapist to find the right beginner program for you and adapt it as you get stronger. This is especially helpful if you're nervous about exercising. Strength training helps you regain muscle, and that helps with pain and fatigue for some people. Use resistance bands or a light weight to start. Very gentle movement therapies like yoga, tai chi, and qi gong all get you moving, but yoga often has best effect on fatigue. |
8308d5dd1a06b5ca419c1c32bd756f59 | How can eating healthier foods help prevent weight gain during menopause? | In astudy, women lost weightat menopause by eating a diet with more nutrients and fewer calories. They ditched sugary drinks, fried foods, meats, cheese, and desserts for fish, fruits, and vegetables. |
541863cf04839bb814bf986c6f44ba57 | Why do you need to manage your menopause symptoms to prevent weight gain? | Hot flashes and poor sleep can raise your stress levels. Stress packs on pounds. Exercise can help. Ask your doctor what else might work for you. |
8a0265ae226c1377a3a0000443a47703 | Why do you need to avoid weight gain during menopause? | Belly fat is linked to heart problems, stroke, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, arthritis, and breast and colon cancer. Even when body mass index ( BMI -- a measure of body fat based on height and weight) is normal, a large waist (35 inches or more for women) along with other risks is linked to more chances of getting diabetes in women. |
aa4d696f2b846ab61c7105892fae067f | How does a doctor diagnose abnormal vaginal discharge? | Types of Abnormal Discharge and Their Possible Causes Type of Discharge What It Might Mean Other Symptoms Bloody or brown Irregular menstrual cycles, or less often, cervical or endometrial cancer Abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain Cloudy or yellow Gonorrhea Bleeding between periods, urinary incontinence, pelvic pain Frothy, yellow or greenish with a bad smell Trichomoniasis Pain and itching while urinating Pink Shedding of the uterine lining after childbirth (lochia) Thick, white, cheesy Yeast infection Swelling and pain around the vulva, itching, painful sexual intercourse White, gray, or yellow with fishy odor Bacterial vaginosis Itching or burning, redness and swelling of the vagina or vulva The doctor will start by taking a health history and asking about your symptoms. Questions may include: When did the abnormal discharge begin? What color is the discharge? Is there any smell? Do you have any itching, pain, or burning in or around the vagina? Do you have more than one sexual partner? Do you douche? |
4848e5fc3fbd68460450593d2d36e7f4 | What is a normal vaginal discharge? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Vaginal discharge serves an important housekeeping function in the female reproductive system. Fluid made by glands inside the vagina and cervix carries away dead cells and bacteria. This keeps the vagina clean and helps prevent infection. Most of the time, vaginal discharge is perfectly normal. The amount can vary, as can odor and color (which can range from clear to a milky white-ish), depending on the time in your menstrual cycle. For example, there will be more discharge when you're ovulating, breastfeeding, or sexually aroused. It may smell different when you're pregnant or you've been letting your personal hygiene slide. None of those changes is cause for alarm. However, if the color, smell, or consistency seems quite different than usual, especially if you also have vaginal itching or burning, you could be dealing with an infection or other condition. |
8dd9dbffdfb6b2002e9ad60df6be768b | What brain diseases are caused by injuries? | Trauma includes these conditions: Concussion: A brain injury that causes a temporary disturbance in brain function, sometimes with unconsciousness and confusion; traumatic head injuries cause concussions and may result in headache, along with concentration and memory problems. Traumatic brain injury: Acquired, often permanent brain damage from a traumatic head injury; obvious mental impairment or more subtle personality and mood changes can occur. Intracerebral hemorrhage: Any bleeding inside the brain, which may occur after a traumatic injury or stroke as a result of high blood pressure This category of brain disease includes: Brain tumor: Any abnormal tissue growth inside the brain; whether malignant (cancerous) or benign, brain tumors usually cause problems by the pressure they exert on the normal brain. |
235e986c2fe93acb54bccefd0fcd38eb | What can cause seizures? | Included in the seizure category of brain diseases is epilepsy, a condition characterized by recurring seizures caused by abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain. |
26cbb922a027fdf476088185b91de535 | What are common brain tumors? | Intracerebral hemorrhage: Any bleeding inside the brain, which may occur after a traumatic injury or stroke as a result of high blood pressure This category of brain disease includes: Brain tumor: Any abnormal tissue growth inside the brain; whether malignant (cancerous) or benign, brain tumors usually cause problems by the pressure they exert on the normal brain. Glioblastoma: An aggressive, cancerous brain tumor; glioblastomas progress rapidly and are usually difficult to cure. Hydrocephalus: An abnormally increased amount of cerebrospinal (brain) fluid inside the skull; usually, this is because the fluid is not circulating properly. |
15343a9918812a5d1029d975154e567a | What brain diseases are linked autoimmune diseases? | Multiple sclerosis ( MS): The immune system mistakenly attacks and damages the body's own nerves. |
fc0e1600029bd0d21feae465a0866ae2 | What cold and flu medicines can help me with a headache or body aches? | Headache or body aches: Choose a pain reliever that contains acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen. If you take one of these, look at any other medicines you're taking to make sure they don't contain the same drug. Many cold and flu treatments have the same ingredients. |
221c61d225dc1ae101be59d3e9e438cd | What cold and flu medicines can help me with sore throat? | Sore throat: Use throat lozenges or cough drops to soothe your sore throat. Or try a pain reliever, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen. |
876b6576ab14b7b245118a2cb23ae0c4 | What cold and flu medicines can help me with cough? | Cough: There are two types of over-the-counter cough medicines: expectorants and cough suppressants. Expectorants, like guaifenesin, help thin mucus so you can cough it up more easily. Cough suppressants, such as dextromethorphan, help control cough. You can buy these medicines separately or combined. Ask your doctor or pharmacist which is best for your cough. Cough drops and throat lozenges can also reduce your urge to cough. |
d336775500f09c85c49f1b1c3e05e0b7 | What cold and flu medicines can help me with fever? | Fever: Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen can ease your fever, which may help you feel better. |
e0eebf3dcd4139c9448f727adba94423 | What cold and flu medicines can help me with stuffy nose? | Stuffy nose: Look for decongestant pills that contain phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine. Decongestants help a stuffy nose by shrinking swollen nasal passages that cause congestion. You can also try decongestant nose drops or sprays, but you should not use these products for more than 3 days. Saline (saltwater) nose sprays or rinses can also help relieve congestion and break up mucus. These sprays are safe to use as often as you want. |
68302e95472c94a8d9e091aa8359ba29 | Why are my glands swollen? | !s_sensitive, chron ID: $('article embeded_module[type=video][align=top]:eq(0)').attr('chronic_id'), continuous Play: true, cp Options: { flyout: true }, display Ads: true, mode: 'in-article', sticky: true }) }); }); } else { $(function(){ $('.responsive-video-container').remove(); }); } Swollen glands are a sign that your body is fighting off an infection or an illness. Most of the time, they return to normal size when their job is done. These glands are your lymph nodes. You have them throughout your body. But there are clusters of them in places like your neck, under your arm and in the crease between your thigh and your torso (where your leg begins). You can sometimes feel these clusters as little bumps, especially if they're swollen. They're part of your lymphatic system. Along with your spleen, tonsils, and adenoids, they help protect you from harmful germs. |
94221c0f75c61e2ba5f505aa84c26029 | How can you keep the cat litter box clean? | 1 rule, and the only thing that will keep litter box odor at bay, is constant cleaning. That means scooping the box out at least twice a day, removing the solids and liquid clumps if you use clumping litter. For those who don’t use clumping litter, use a large, solid metal spoon (such as a large kitchen spoon) to lift out the most urine-soaked areas each time you clean. Add litter as needed to replace what is removed. Also wash the box weekly, or every other week if you are using clumping litter. Use a mild, unscented dish detergent or a mild bleach spray (20 parts water to one part bleach) and rinse well. Clean your scooper also. When dry, add 2 to 3 inches of litter. Cats don’t like a deep tray of litter and this allows you to add litter as you scoop. |
a09603b171d5291bf23771318940b55a | What types of cat litter box should you avoid? | And avoid covered boxes. Most cats don’t like them, and they can trap odors inside, making it unpleasant for your pet to enter. Many cats also don’t like plastic liners, which can snare cat’s claws when they dig. This also allows urine to seep under the liner, where it won’t be absorbed by the litter and can cause odors. As for self-cleaning litter boxes, it depends. Some cats, especially skittish and large cats, may dislike them. But if your cat doesn’t mind, it’s an option for people who are gone for long periods. |
0f4a81832f9d73b5c38b64b9c0b6f55f | What are corticosteroids for the treatment of uveitis? | You may know these as steroids. They're probably the first treatment you'll try. They block a chemical that causes inflammation. They can be given in a few different forms. |
326b0722bd7bce1cc2177196324fcf1c | What are some immunosuppressants that treat uveitis? | They include: Azathioprine Cyclosporine Methotrexate Mycophenolate You may need to have blood tests regularly while you take these. This would be to watch for serious side effects, like liver damage. |
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