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11,841,117
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[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of separating microorganisms from a sample using ion exchange and a means for capturing microorganisms, a container for pretreating a sample containing microorganisms, and a device for separating microorganisms. 2. Description of the Related Art Methods of separating microorganisms from a sample include centrifugation and filtration. Further, in a method of concentrating and separating particular cells, the cells are allowed to bind specifically to receptors or ligands attached to a surface of a support. For example, an affinity chromatography method includes flowing a sample containing cells over a support to which antibodies capable of specifically binding to the cells are attached, thereby binding the cells to the antibodies and washing out unbound cells. Further, Korean Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2006-0068979 describes a cell separation system using an ultrasound field and traveling wave dielectrophoresis. The cell separation system includes a piezoelectric transducer, which is connected to both ends of an upper glass substrate and may convert an electric input from the outside into a mechanical vibration so as to be applied to the upper glass substrate; and electrodes which are arranged on a lower substrate parallel to the upper glass substrate, the number of the electrodes being N. A fluid containing cells can fill the space between the upper glass substrate and the lower substrate. Each of the electrodes is disposed in a vertical direction relative to the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric transducer and all of the N electrodes are arranged at regular intervals along the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric transducer. Thus, in the above methods, specific cells are selectively concentrated or separated from a sample using specific ligands or receptors immobilized on a solid substrate or using an external driving force. However, a method or a device for separating cells by using the properties of a solid support in itself and the conditions of a liquid medium have not been reported yet. Further, a method of removing materials preventing the cells from binding to the solid support using ion exchange in such a method has not been reported yet.
|
['C12N702' 'C12M100' 'C12N100' 'C12N114' 'C12N120']
|
background
|
12,454,412
|
[description] Overview FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a video delivery system 100, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Video delivery system 100 comprises channel loaders 120 which provide clients 148 with video streams they request. Optionally, a video on demand (VoD) server 144 stores video streams and provides them to channel loaders 120 upon requests. The video streams may be provided to clients 148 directly from channel loaders 120 or may be delivered through a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) tuner 146, or other appropriate mediation unit. Channel loaders 120 may perform one or more statistical multiplexing tasks and/or may perform block replacement or selection tasks in fitting the video stream into available bandwidth on the connection 140 to the client 148, for example using any of the methods described in US patent publication 2006/0195881, titled Distributed Statistical Multiplexing of Multimedia”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/217,836, titled: “Distributed Transcoding”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/221,975 titled “Constant Bit Rate Video Stream” or US patent publication 2009/0052540, titled “Quality Based Video Encoding”, the disclosures of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In some embodiments, channel loaders 120 may perform size adjustment of video streams based on compression instructions received with the video stream. In these and/or other embodiments, channel loaders 120 may perform block discarding when necessary to meet bandwidth constraints. A network management unit 130 optionally manages routing of streams to clients in a manner which maximizes the video image quality, when multiple optional communication channels are available, for example when multiple QAMs 146 can be used to service a specific client 148. Network management unit 130 may also handle billing and/or other network tasks. In some embodiments, network management unit 130 performs request admission, deciding whether a channel loader 120 is to handle a new request or not, depending on the number of requests already handled and their properties. Alternatively, the request admission decisions are performed by the channel loaders 120. In some embodiments of the invention, video delivery system 100 comprises a preparation unit 104 adapted to encode video streams received on an input line 106, typically for storage in VoD server 144. Alternatively or additionally, preparation unit 104 assigns size measures to the video streams, for use by network management unit 130 and/or channel loaders 120 in admission decisions. System 100 may be used for real time video streams or for prestored video streams, for example in video on demand (VoD) services. When handling real time video streams, channel loader 120 generally processes the video stream a short time (for example less than 1 minute or even less than five seconds) after it is handled by preparation unit 104. In non-real-time embodiments, the handling by preparation unit 104 may be performed more than an hour, more than a day or even more than a week before the handling by channel loader 120. Clients 148 may be any suitable device for receiving video, including television sets, computers and cellular phones. Communication channel 140 may be configured in a wide variety of ways and may be of various technologies including a cable or satellite connection, a packet based (e.g., Internet) connection, a wireless connection or other connections suitable for video delivery. Communication channel 140 may be dedicated solely for video delivery or may be used for various communication tasks. Admission Decisions FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an admission method for determining whether to accept a request to provide a candidate video stream, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention. For each video stream handled by channel loader 120, one or more parameters of the bandwidth required for the video stream are managed (202). The parameters are optionally managed for each video stream, and represent the bandwidth required for each of a plurality of quality levels of the video stream. In a similar manner, the one or more parameters are determined (204) for the candidate video stream. The parameters of the currently handled video streams and the candidate video stream are compared (206) to predetermined requirements relating to one or more quality levels and based on the available bandwidth, to determine whether the available bandwidth can handle the currently handled video streams, with the candidate video stream, while still meeting the predetermined requirements. If (206) the requirements are met, the candidate video stream is admitted (208) for handling. Otherwise, the request for the video stream is rejected (210). In some embodiments, the parameter values are determined in advance for each video stream, for example by preparation unit 104, and are provided together with the request for admitting the video stream. Optionally, for video streams received without parameters, channel loader 120 determines the parameters on its own, or assigns default values. Parameters In some embodiments of the invention, the parameters of each video stream comprise values for a plurality of different quality levels. Optionally, the parameters include the average bandwidths of the video stream at a plurality of different quality levels. Optionally, the parameters additionally include for each quality level one or more values which represent the bandwidth variation of the video stream around the average over time, such as the variance over time and/or the standard deviation over time. Optionally, the predetermined requirements require that at any given time the chances that there will be sufficient bandwidth for delivery of the video stream are above a required predetermined threshold, for each quality level. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the requirements for all the video streams are the same, the determination of whether the predetermined requirements are met is performed once, on an aggregation of the parameters for the different video streams. For each quality level i=1, 2, 3 . . . n, an average bit rate μi(x) of the stream x at the quality level and a corresponding standard deviation σi(x), are provided. The averages μi(x) and standard deviations σi(x) of the streams to be provided together are summed to provide a combined
|
['G08C1500']
|
detailed_description
|
11,972,589
|
[invention] High-throughput purification to provide high-quality compounds for evaluation is an important part of combinatorial chemistry technology platforms. Typically, preparatory scale purification is employed with some form of detection (e.g., mass spectroscopic detection, ultraviolet/visible wavelength (UV/Vis) detection, luminescence, evaporative light-scattering (ELS) detection, refractive index (RI) detection, electrochemical detection, and/or chemiluminescence nitrogen (CLN) detection) to collect the fractions that contain the compounds of interest. Compounds to be purified are often presented to the purification system in 96 well deep well plates of standard footprint (e.g., 96 wells in twelve columns and eight rows). An ideal work flow would process a block of 96 unpurified compounds to provide a 96 well block of purified compounds and would involve a limited number of operations. For example, the unpurified compound at a particular position of a multiwell plate (e.g., A1) would be injected onto the purification system and separated, with the fraction containing the purified compound being collected in the corresponding position (e.g., A1) of the deep well collection block. However, many preparatory purification systems provide the compound of interest in a 2-10 mL fraction, while the volume of even a deep well plate is typically at most only 2.2-4 mL and many standard centrifugal vacuum concentrators require 20-30% of the collection vessel to remain empty to allow for solvent expansion under vacuum and/or spill-free sample processing. This necessitates several concentration, reconstitution, and transfer steps that can drastically increase the complexity of this process. The present invention overcomes the above noted difficulty by providing a temporarily increased (and optionally adjustable) capacity for sample processing regions such as e.g., the wells of a 96 well plate. A complete understanding of the invention will be obtained upon review of the following.
|
['B01L900' 'B04B712']
|
background
|
12,086,816
|
[description] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown by a way of example, and not limitation, in the accompanying figures, in which: FIG. 1 is a right-front perspective view showing an illustrative spring supported sleeper bunk in both a lowered or deployed position and in a substantially raised position; FIG. 2 a left-front perspective view showing a sleeper bunk similar to that shown in FIG. 1 in both a deployed position and a substantially raised position; FIG. 3 is a right-front perspective view showing an illustrative spring supported sleeper bunk similar to that shown in FIG. 1 in a lowered position; FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a portion of a sleeper bunk similar to that shown in FIG. 1 as mounted within an illustrative vehicle; FIG. 5 is a side view of an illustrative spring that can be employed in illustrative embodiments of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a graph showing illustrative spring forces over the stroke of the spring in accordance with some illustrative embodiments; and FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating positional states of a spring mechanism in accordance with some illustrative and non-limiting embodiments.
|
['B60P3377']
|
detailed_description
|
12,247,763
|
Integrated Circuit [SEP] [abstract] According to an embodiment, an integrated circuit including a plurality of resistance changing memory cells is disclosed. Each memory cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode and resistance changing memory element arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. A front surface area of an end section of the first electrode that faces the resistance changing memory element is smaller than a front surface area of an end section of the second electrode that faces the resistance changing memory element.
|
['H01L2900' 'H01L2100']
|
abstract
|
12,558,801
|
[claim] 1. A system for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media, wherein wastewater influent path is changed between a first mode and a second mode at a certain period of time interval, wherein the system comprises: a. the first mode where wastewater sequentially flows into a first anoxic tank and a second anoxic tank in which microorganism adsorbs organic matter contained in the wastewater, and then an aerobic tank in which the wastewater concentrating ammonia nitrogen, which has undergone the organic matter adsorption process, is nitrified by concentrated nitrifying bacteria, at a certain period of time interval; and b. a second mode where wastewater sequentially flows into the second anoxic tank and the first anoxic tank in which microorganism adsorb organic matter contained in the wastewater, and then an aerobic tank in which the wastewater concentrating ammonia nitrogen, which has undergone the organic matter adsorption process, is nitrified by concentrated nitrifying bacteria; and part of the wastewater that flows into the aerobic tank at the first mode and the second mode bypasses the first anoxic tank or the second anoxic tank; or part of the wastewater that flows from the aerobic tank into the first anoxic tank or from the aerobic tank into the second anoxic tank continuously bypasses the aerobic tank through an internal recirculation pump. 2. The system for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media according to claim 1, wherein: a. the first mode allows for internal recirculation at 1˜4 Q times the amount of influent from the aerobic tank to the second anoxic tank to enhance the denitrification efficiency; and b. the second mode allows for internal recirculation at 1˜4 Q times the amount of influent from the aerobic tank (3) to the first anoxic tank (1) to enhance the denitrification efficiency. 3. The system for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media according to claim 1, wherein the first and second anoxic tanks and the aerobic tank are filled with a floating media. 4. The system for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media according to claim 3, wherein: a. the floating media comprises EPP whose cell structure is a closed form and is flexible due to PP resin; and the floating media is shaped as a sphere, a bar, or a doughnut, whose specific surface area is increased as activated carbon is added to the EPP when the EPP is foamed. 5. The system for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media according to claim 3, wherein the floating media is manufactured in such a way that: a. polypropylene resin of 96.0-98.5 wt %, activated carbon of 1-2.5 wt % shaped as powder of 50-250 μm, sands of 0.5-1.5 wt % or 50-100 μm are mixed together and melted to produce resin beads; b. resin beads of 15.0-66.9 wt %, foam of 3-4 wt %, water of 30-80 wt %, and dispersant of 0.1-1 wt % are mixed together and stirred in a pressure-resistant container; the mixture is heated at a temperature of 147-156° C., under 1.3-3.5 kgf/cm2; and the melted mixture is discharged into the air through a nozzle and is foamed, wherein the particle size of the floating media is reduced from 4-6 mm to 2-3 mm, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the floating media, so that the conventional tank can be used in existing systems without the need for a new tank. 6. The system for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media according to claim 1, wherein a. the first and second anoxic tanks and the aerobic tank install partitions, shaped as a bar, a cross, a rectangle, or a diamond shape, thereunder horizontally or orthogonally alternatively, b. the partitions are operatively configured to easily break the floating media lump during the backwashing process, thereby enhancing the backwashing efficiency. 7. A system for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media, wherein a wastewater influent path is changed between a first mode and a second mode at a certain time interval, the system comprising: i. a first anoxic tank; ii. a second anoxic tank; iii. a n aerobic tank; iv. v. the first mode where wastewater sequentially flows into the first anoxic tank and the second anoxic tank in which microorganism adsorbs organic matter contained in the wastewater, and operatively configured that the wastewater flows into the aerobic tank in which the wastewater interacts with concentrating ammonia nitrogen, which has undergone the organic matter adsorption process, the wastewater is nitrified by the nitrifying bacteria, at a certain period of time interval; and vi. the second mode operatively configured such that wastewater sequentially flows into the second anoxic tank and the first anoxic tank in which microorganism adsorb organic matter contained in the wastewater, and then into the aerobic tank in which the wastewater interacts with ammonia nitrogen, which has undergone the organic matter adsorption process, is nitrified by concentrated nitrifying bacteria; and part of the wastewater that flows into the aerobic tank at the first mode and the second mode bypasses the first anoxic tank or the second anoxic tank; or part of the wastewater that flows from the aerobic tank into the first anoxic tank or from the aerobic tank into the second anoxic tank continuously bypasses the aerobic tank through an internal recirculation pump. 8. A method for treating recirculating nutrients using floating media, wherein a wastewater influent path is changed between a first mode and a second mode at a certain time interval, the method comprising the steps of: a. the first mode where wastewater sequentially flows into the first anoxic tank and the second anoxic tank in which microorganism adsorbs organic matter contained in the wastewater, and then into the aerobic tank in which the wastewater concentrating ammonia nitrogen, which has undergone the organic matter adsorption process, is nitrified by the nitrifying bacteria, at a certain period of time interval; and b. the second mode where wastewater sequentially flows into the second anoxic tank and the first anoxic tank in which microorganism adsorb organic matter contained in the wastewater, and then into
|
['C02F330' 'C02F308']
|
claim
|
12,216,517
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to computerized statistical or combinatorial procedures and methods, and particularly to a facilities optimization method implemented on a computer for selecting efficient facility locations based on supply and demand laws. 2. Description of the Related Art Facility layout and planning is an important topic that has a wide variety of applications in real life. Both private and public sectors are often faced with problems involving facility layout decisions. Facility location, for example, is concerned with the finding the best locations for facilities based on supply-demand requirements. This problem has many applications in real life including locating retail stores, schools, hospitals, ambulance bases, fire stations, automatic teller machines, gas stations and wireless base stations. Design parameters of the facility location problem include how many facilities should be sited, where should each facility be located, how large each facility should be, and how should demand be allocated. Modeling of the facility location problem has been investigated widely in the literature. Persons having ordinary skill in the art have categorized the problem into different types of models including set covering, maximum covering, P-center and P-Median models. Models can also be planar, network, or discrete. Static as well as dynamic models are also considered in the literature. In static models the inputs to the problem do not change with time while in dynamic models, the inputs are dependent on time. Other categories of the location problem involve elastic versus inelastic demand, capacitated versus uncapacitated facility, deterministic versus probabilistic models. Different distance metrics are considered in these models, including the Manhattan (right-angle), Euclidean (straight-line), and l p metrics. Solution of the facility location problem has also been discussed extensively in the literature. Linear and integer programming are used widely to solve location problems. Other common approaches well known to practitioners of ordinary skill are used, including tabu search, simulated annealing and genetic algorithm. These approaches show a considerable amount of success in solving particular location problems. However, every one of these approaches has its own limitation. Some of these approaches are difficult to understand and implement, requiring an expert's input. In addition, the formulation of the problem in most of these methods is not straight-forward. Furthermore, they all tend to have high computation cost especially for problems with large dimension. Finally, a solution is not always guaranteed and may be sensitive to the modeling parameters. Thus, a facilities optimization method solving the aforementioned problems is desired.
|
['G06F1710']
|
background
|
11,213,106
|
[invention] This disclosure relates generally to the advertisement of goods and services to mobile units and more specifically to a method and system utilizing presentation slots to manage advertising and coupon presentation to mobile units. Traditionally, roadside billboards have acted as a means for advertising goods and services to travelers, including drivers, walkers, and bikers. This advertising outlet has been frequently used by restaurants, automobile dealers, convenience stores, hotels, hospitals, and other service industries and manufacturers to provide information on services or goods available, as well as the location of the advertiser. These businesses depend on customers responding to roadside advertising or observing the business in close proximity to the roadway. The advent of vehicles having vastly improved information delivery capabilities based on a combination of peer-to-peer technologies, such as 802.11 or DSRC, and cellular technologies, such as G3, may significantly expand the advertising options of service providers. For commercial reasons, it is very likely these new vehicle information capabilities will be used to deliver advertisements and implement other marketing strategies. This would be in addition to, and perhaps in association with, delivery of information on traffic, safety, weather, and other entertainment content. However, the capacity to deliver advertisements will vastly exceed the number of advertisements that will be welcome by vehicle users. To address the issue of limiting the distraction and irritation that would result if advertisements were delivered frequently, it would be useful to have a system that would limit the quantity and improve the quality of the advertisements received by individual vehicles.
|
['G06Q3000']
|
background
|
11,828,687
|
[invention] 1. Technical Field The present application relates generally to an improved data processing system and method. More specifically, the present application is directed to a method and procedure for detecting cable length in a storage subsystem with wide ports. 2. Description of Related Art In storage network systems, high speed serial differential interfaces are used to interconnect multiple storage components. For example, in BladeCenter® products from IBM Corporation, a serially attached SCSI (SAS) switch may be used to interconnect the server blades to external storage, such as a typical storage enclosure. The server blades may be directly connected to the SAS switch via an internal high speed fabric. The SAS switch is connected to the external storage via external SAS cables. Generally, multiple cable lengths are required for attaching storage at different distances from the SAS switch. The initial release of the first BladeCenter® storage product may require a “short” cable, such as three meters, and a “long” cable, such as eleven meters. Soon thereafter, the storage product may require longer cables, such as twenty meters. As the high speed interfaces increase in data rate speed, it becomes necessary to selectively adjust the transmitter/receiver characteristics, such as pre-emphasis and de-emphasis. With significantly disparate cable lengths, it is difficult to optimize the high speed interface for both short and long cables. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine the cable length attached to each port of the SAS switch. Furthermore, some scenarios may occur in which a short cable is inadvertently, or possibly deliberately, replaced with a long cable. To accommodate the different cable lengths, created either by statically preplanned cabling procedures or by dynamically swapping cables in a customer location, it becomes necessary to dynamically determine cable lengths between a SAS switch and external storage. Several methods have been proposed and implemented in the prior art. For example, some fiber channel cables implement an embedded VPD (vital product data) circuit that includes cable length information. This has only been implemented with cables using small form factor pluggable (SFP) connections. Whether the cables are optical or copper, it remains that the necessary cable length information is implemented with some type of cable VPD, which is only accessible via some sort of out-of-band interface embedded within the high speed cable. Furthermore, very recent SAS cabling technology employs the notion of a “wide” port. A wide port consists of multiple lanes or physical transceiver elements (PHYs). Today, SFPs are designed for a single port. It is quite impractical to provide a wide SFP for optical ports. For example, a four-wide port would require four laser transmitters and four receivers. Using a wide SFP for copper cabling would be more likely, but a significant cost adder would be required. It should be noted that SFPs, whether optical or copper, require an out-of-band interface, something that is heretofore not standardized or implemented. A generally accepted bit error rate (BER) for high speed serial interfaces is 1×10 −12 (one error occurrence for every 10 12 bits that are transferred). Some things that can affect high speed signaling include impedance variation caused by unexpected electrical discontinuities along the transmission path, high speed driver/receiver circuit defects, improper mating contacts caused by bent or damaged connector pins, incomplete connector mating caused by mechanical or installation problems, and signal coupling between adjacent signal paths. Individual components are tested to a performance range, but tolerance buildup can cause attenuation beyond nominal design targets. Often, performance parameters are guaranteed by the manufacturing process controls and not 100% tested. Therefore, there is an exposure to maverick defects. Ideally, all the above problems are tested and verified by interconnect and subsystem manufacturers. However, often this is not the case, and such defects are introduced into the final system integration process. All the low speed circuitry (<1 GHz) can be adequately tested. The high speed circuitry must be carefully verified. A common technique is to wrap the high speed interfaces using a cable or wrap paths external to the subsystem; however, this does not cover the actual interface connections at the time of system integration. As subsystem components are integrated into a system, the parametric variance from the nominal may cause a communication failure across the high speed interface. Aggravating factors may include customer data pattern, printed circuit variations and parasitics, connector parasitics, cable length or cable discontinuities, and system environment. When a communication failure is detected, the system may try to retransmit the data or may employ error correction schemes. The price for transmission recovery may be realized in lost performance. Performance degradation may be measured in bit error rate (BER).
|
['G01B702']
|
background
|
11,870,774
|
[invention] Spools or reels are well known for transporting and storing bulk wire, cable and/or other wound material such as welding wire, electrical wire, bailing wire, and the like. A typical spool comprises a pair of spaced apart disc-shaped flanges joined by a central barrel. Wire or cable is spirally wound around the central barrel between the spaced flanges until the spool is filled with the appropriate amount of material. Filled spools can then be stacked atop one another for shipment, storage and subsequent use. When it is desired to dispense the wire or cable, it may be pulled progressively from the spool, which may be mounted on an arbor or spindle to rotate and thus pay out the wound material. If only a portion of the wire or cable is used, the free end of the remaining portion may be secured to one of the flanges of the reel, whereupon the spool can be stored for future use. Welding wire is one type of material that may be wound on to and dispensed from a spool. The spool is typically placed onto the arbor of a wire feeder where the coiled wire is fed to a drive motor and subsequently to a welding gun. One example of a welding process using spools in this manner may include Gas-Metal-Arc-Welding (GMAW). The welding wire or electrode may be continuously fed to the workpiece until the spool has been depleted of welding wire. One aspect in the use of spools to retain welding wire relates to how the product is identified. Welding wire requires proper labeling to identify not only the type of material included therein but also to identify product usage warnings. It is important for any label once applied to remain in place until all of the welding wire has been dispensed from the spool. Many labels applied to spools become dislodged from the surface of the spool to which they are applied and/or their edges frayed, making them susceptible to peeling. What is needed is a spool having a delineated area for receiving one or more labels that helps the labels stay in place once applied. Another aspect of welding wire spools pertains to how the welding wire is secured to the spool when not in use. Coiled welding wire has memory and a tendency to unravel when not secured or grounded to the spool or wire feeder. In some applications, welding wire is routed through holes in the spool to retain an end of the welding wire. However, the wire frequently pulls free from the holes in the spool thereby inadvertently unraveling, which may contact other welding components connected to the welding power supply. What is needed is an economical and reliable way to retain welding wire wound on the spools when not in use. Still another aspect of welding wire spools relates to the strength of the spool components. Plastics have become commonplace for the construction of articles like spools or reels. However, the manufacture of plastic spools by conventional forming techniques is complex and many of the currently available low-cost plastic spools are deficient in strength and durability. Higher strength plastic spools, on the other hand, frequently contain additional plastic material making them heavier and more expensive. What is needed is a spool design that minimizes the amount of material used in constructing the spool. Advancements in manufacturing have led to the increased use of automated technology. These advancements frequently utilize sensors that detect the presence and/or position of products used in the manufacturing process. Such use of sensors is also applied to the winding of welding wire on to spools. However, consistent and reliable data fed back from the sensors is necessary to ensure quality. This in part may be related to the construction of the spool itself. What is needed is a spool that can be used in conjunction with sensor technology to feedback reliable information used to control quality in the manufacturing process. The embodiments of the subject invention obviate the aforementioned problems of currently available spools used in the marketplace today.
|
['B65H4900']
|
background
|
12,024,753
|
[claim] 1. A circuit comprising: a global clock circuit capable of producing a primary timing signal; a local clock buffer circuit having a plurality of outputs, wherein the local clock buffer circuit is connected to the global clock circuit, and wherein the local clock buffer circuit is capable of producing a secondary timing signal based on the primary timing signal; a latch connected to the local clock buffer circuit, wherein the latch is capable of producing a select signal that controls which outputs of the plurality of outputs are active, and wherein only a third signal, based on the secondary timing signal, controls an operation of the latch. 2. The circuit of claim 1 wherein connection between the latch and the global clock is avoided. 3. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the third signal comprises the secondary timing signal. 4. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the third signal comprises an inverse of the secondary timing signal. 5. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the local clock buffer circuit is capable of holding the select signal at a constant value during a first half of a cycle of the local clock buffer circuit, and wherein the local clock buffer circuit is capable of allowing the select signal to change in a second half of the cycle. 6. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the local clock buffer circuit is capable of, responsive to clock activity being gated off due to de-assertion of a clock gate signal, holding the latch open. 7. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the local clock buffer circuit is laid out such that a capacitive load imposed by the latch is buffered by the local clock buffer circuit. 8. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the local clock buffer circuit is laid out such that switching activity of the signal controlling the latch is gated-off when the local clock buffer circuit is gated-off. 9. The circuit of claim 1 further comprising: a second local clock buffer circuit having a second plurality of outputs, wherein the second local clock buffer circuit is connected to the global clock circuit, and wherein second the local clock buffer circuit is capable of producing a second secondary timing signal based on the primary timing signal; a second latch connected to the second local clock buffer circuit, wherein the second latch is capable of producing a second select signal that controls which outputs of the second plurality of outputs are active, and wherein only a fourth signal, based on the second secondary timing signal, controls an operation of the second latch. 10. The circuit of claim 9 wherein the local clock buffer circuit is capable of generating the third signal and the fourth signal by combining the secondary timing signal and the second secondary timing signal. 11. The circuit 10 wherein the local clock buffer circuit is capable of combining by inputting the secondary timing signal and the second secondary timing signal into a NOR gate. 12. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the local clock buffer circuit is capable of, responsive to the secondary timing signal being low, avoiding clocking of a capacitance of the local clock buffer circuit. 13. A method for controlling operation of a latch connected to a local clock buffer circuit having a plurality of outputs, the method comprising: receiving in the local clock buffer circuit a primary timing signal generated by a global clock circuit; producing, by the local clock buffer circuit, a secondary timing signal based on the primary timing signal; producing, by the latch, a select signal, wherein the select signal controls which outputs of the plurality of outputs are active; and controlling operation of the latch using only a third signal, wherein the third signal is based on the secondary timing signal. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the third signal comprises the secondary timing signal. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein the third signal comprises an inverse of the secondary timing signal. 16. The method of claim 13 further comprising: holding the select signal at a constant value during a first half of a cycle of the local clock buffer circuit; and allowing the select signal to change in a second half of the cycle. 17. The method of claim 13 further comprising: responsive to clock activity being gated off due to de-assertion of a clock gate signal, holding the latch open. 18. The method of claim 13 further comprising: producing, by a second local clock buffer circuit, a second secondary timing signal based on the primary timing signal; producing, by a second latch connected to the second local clock buffer, a second select signal, wherein the second select signal controls which outputs of a second plurality of outputs of the second local clock buffer are active; and controlling operation of the second latch using only a fourth signal, wherein the fourth signal is based on the second secondary timing signal. 19. The method of claim 18 further comprising: generating the third signal and the fourth signal by combining the secondary timing signal and the second secondary timing signal. 20. The method of claim 13 further comprising: responsive to the local clock buffer circuit being gated-off, gating off the switching activity of the signal controlling latch.
|
['G06F112']
|
claim
|
12,158,187
|
[summary] The present invention is directed to an adhesive tape assembly comprising a double-sided adhesive tape having a pressure sensitive adhesive (“PSA”) on each side thereof, and a delaminatable release liner attached to one or both outer adhesive surfaces of the double-sided adhesive tape. The adhesive tape assembly is capable of forming a roll of tape having superior roll stability (i.e., the rolls are less likely to fall apart when the roll is held suspended along its outer circumferential edge) compared to double coated tape rolls having two liners. In this way, the present invention satisfies the need for more stable rolls, especially more stable narrow planetary rolls of a tape assembly comprising a double-sided tape with a PSA on each side. The present invention also provides a double-sided PSA tape assembly that includes a delaminatable release liner, portions of which may be easily and efficiently removed in a step-wise order to apply the adhesive tape to one or more substrates. In one aspect of the present invention, an exemplary adhesive tape assembly comprises a double-sided adhesive tape comprising front and back adhesive sides, each of the adhesive sides comprising a pressure sensitive adhesive; and a delaminatable release liner in contact with, bonded to and readily removable from at least one of the adhesive sides, the delaminatable release liner comprising a first major release surface on an exposed side of the release liner, a second major release surface on an opposite side of the release liner, and a plane of weakness between the first and second major release surfaces, wherein the release liner can be readily delaminated lengthwise along the plane of weakness, between the first and second major release surfaces, so as to form a first delaminated layer and a second delaminated layer, with the first delaminated layer comprising the first major release surface and a first back side surface opposite the first major release surface, and the second delaminated layer comprising the second major release surface and a second back side surface opposite the second major release surface; wherein the adhesive tape assembly has (i) a first bond strength between the first back side surface and the second back side surface, and (iii) a second bond strength between the first major release surface and the front adhesive side, and wherein the second bond strength is lower than the first bond strength. In a further aspect of the present invention, an exemplary adhesive tape assembly comprises double-sided adhesive tape comprising front and back adhesive sides, wherein each of the adhesive sides comprises a pressure sensitive adhesive; a substrate, wherein the front adhesive side of the double-sided adhesive tape is permanently bonded to a surface of the substrate; and a delaminatable release liner in contact with, bonded to and readily removable from the back adhesive side of the double-sided adhesive tape, the delaminatable release liner comprising a first major release surface on one side of the release liner, a second major release surface on an opposite side of the release liner, and a plane of weakness between the first and second major release surfaces, wherein the release liner can be readily delaminated lengthwise along the plane of weakness, between the first and second major release surfaces, so as to form a first delaminated layer and a second delaminated layer, with the first delaminated layer comprising the first major release surface and a first back side surface opposite the first major release surface, and the second delaminated layer comprising the second major release surface and a second back side surface opposite the second major release surface, wherein the second major release surface is in contact with, bonded to and readily removable from the back adhesive side, and the first major release surface is exposed. The double-sided adhesive tape comprises front and back adhesive sides, with each of the adhesive sides comprising an acrylic or other suitable pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). The adhesive tape can further comprise an acrylic or other suitable foam core with the front adhesive side and the back adhesive side forming opposite sides thereof. Each of the first backing layer and the second backing layer has a release material thereon in the form, for example, of an extruded or laminated layer or a coating in contact with, bonded to and readily removable from at least one of the adhesive sides of the tape. The adhesive tape assembly may further include a tab heat bonded or otherwise adhered to at least one of the first and second backing layers upon separation of the first backing layer from the second backing layer or vice versa. Each tab is operatively adapted (e.g., dimensioned) to facilitate removal of the backing layer it is bonded to from the adhesive tape by pulling on the tab. The adhesive tape assembly can have a width and be wound into a roll, with both release layers (i.e., the first and second release layers) of the delaminatable release liner contacting the outer adhesive surfaces of the adhesive tape with the resulting roll having an outer circumferential edge. As a result of the present invention, the diameter of the roll can be, for example, at least about 20 times the width of the roll, and the roll not fall apart when held suspended along the outer circumferential edge. In another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for permanently adhering or otherwise applying a double-sided pressure sensitive adhesive tape to one or more surfaces such as, for example, a surface on a product such as, e.g., an interior or exterior body molding, a window pane, etc. that is to be adhered to a surface on a vehicle (e.g., a body part of an automobile, aircraft, watercraft, etc.) or a building, and other separate surfaces on opposing substrates, etc. The method comprises providing an adhesive tape assembly like that described above and herein; exposing the pressure sensitive adhesive of an adhesive side (e.g., by unwinding the adhesive tape assembly) along a length of the adhesive tape assembly; and
|
['C09J702' 'B32B3700']
|
summary
|
12,152,661
|
[description] In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a helicopter with a stabilizer system, in accordance with one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the helicopter of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of a rear portion of a helicopter with a stabilizing system, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the rear portion of the helicopter taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a tail boom and strakes along 5-5 of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is an elevational view of the tail boom and strakes along 6-6 of FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is an isometric view of a vertical stabilizer, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 8 is an isometric, partial exploded view of the vertical stabilizer of FIG. 7, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the vertical stabilizer taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 8, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a trailing edge section for a vertical stabilizer, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 11 is an isometric view of an upper portion of the trailing edge section of FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is a front elevational view of the upper portion of FIG. 11. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the upper portion of FIG. 12 taken along line 13-13. FIG. 14 is an isometric view of a vertical stabilizer with a V-shaped trailing edge, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 15 shows a V-shaped trailing edge section separated from a main body of the vertical stabilizer, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the V-shaped trailing edge section taken along line 16-16 of FIG. 15, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 17 is an isometric view of a rounded trailing edge section ready to be coupled to the main body of the vertical stabilizer, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 18 is an isometric view of the vertical stabilizer of FIG. 17 after the rounded trailing edge section is coupled to the main body. FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of a rear portion of a helicopter with a stabilizing system, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a tail section and strakes of FIG. 19 taken along line 20-20. FIG. 21 is a side elevational view of a rear portion of a helicopter with a stabilizing system, according to one illustrated embodiment. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a tail section and strakes of FIG. 21 taken along line 22-22. FIG. 23 is an elevational view of the tail section and strakes taken along 23-23 of FIG. 22. FIG. 24 is an elevational view of the tail section and strakes taken along 24-24 of FIG. 23. FIG. 25 shows azimuth angle versus a percent of left pedal used to maintain heading of an aircraft, according to one embodiment. FIG. 26 shows azimuth angle versus a percent of left pedal used to maintain heading of an aircraft, according to one embodiment.
|
['B64C500' 'B64C2782' 'B21D5388']
|
detailed_description
|
11,105,318
|
Quality of service admission control based on congestion of backhaul connection [SEP] [abstract] The present invention provides a method of communication using at least one base station and at least one switch. The method includes allocating at least one resource of at least one backhaul connection between said at least one base station and said at least one switch based upon at least one indication of congestion associated with said at least one backhaul connection.
|
['H04L1226']
|
abstract
|
11,535,680
|
[claim] 1. A method to match an autonomic manager with a manageable resource, the method comprising: using a management style profile to match the autonomic manager with the manageable resource; and validating that the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource using a defined management style of the autonomic manager. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining if each requirement of the manageable resource matches a capability of the autonomic manager; and determining if each requirement of the autonomic manager matches a capability of the manageable resource. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising assigning the autonomic manager to the manageable resource in response to at least each requirement of the manageable resource matching a capability of the autonomic manager and each requirement of the autonomic manager matching a capability of the manageable resource. 4. The method of claim 2, further comprising advising a orchestrating manager that the autonomic manager is managing the manageable resource in response to at least each requirement of the manageable resource matching a capability of the autonomic manager and each requirement of the autonomic manager matching a capability of the manageable resource. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising setting a desired management style of the autonomic manager in response to a determination that the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein setting the desired management style of the autonomic manager comprises: calling any manageable resource operations that allow the autonomic manager to set any events the manageable resource should send to the autonomic manager; and designating the autonomic manager callout operations useable by the manageable resource. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a preliminary analysis to determine which autonomic manager of a plurality of autonomic managers to assign to the manageable resource. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a dynamic analysis in response to assignment of the autonomic manager to the manageable resource. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein performing the dynamic analysis comprises obtaining information from a group of sources comprising at least the manageable resource. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein obtaining the information comprises: obtaining a web service-resource metadata descriptor (WS-RMD) document; and obtaining a web service descriptor language (WSDL) document. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein using the management style profile comprises using a set of metadata documents. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein using a set of metadata documents comprises: using a first set of metadata documents associated with the manageable resource, wherein the first set of metadata documents comprise a plurality of capabilities and requirements of the manageable resource; and using a second set of metadata documents associated with the autonomic manager, wherein the second set of metadata documents comprise a plurality of capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: analyzing a plurality of capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource; and determining that the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource in response to a match between the capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource. 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising: setting a management style of the autonomic manager; and starting to manage the manageable resource in response to determining that the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource. 15. A method to match an autonomous manager with a manageable resource, comprising: analyzing a plurality of capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource; determining that the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource in response to a match between the capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource; setting a management style of the autonomic manager; and starting to manage the manageable resource in response to determining that the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising using a management style profile to match the autonomic manager with the manageable resource. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising using metadata to determine a match between the capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein using metadata to determine a match between the capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource, comprises: using a first set of metadata documents associated with the manageable resource, wherein the first set of metadata documents comprise a plurality of capabilities and requirements for the manageable resource; and using a second set of metadata documents associated with the autonomic manager, wherein the second set of metadata documents comprise a plurality of capabilities and requirements for the autonomic manager. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: performing a preliminary analysis to determine which autonomic manager of a plurality of autonomic managers to assign to the manageable resource; and performing another analysis in response to assignment of the autonomic manager to the manageable resource. 20. A system to match an autonomic manager with a manageable resource, comprising: an orchestrating autonomic manager comprising: a module to perform a preliminary analysis to determine which of a plurality of autonomic managers to match with the manageable resource; and a module to assign the autonomic manager to manage the manageable resource based on results from the preliminary analysis. 21. The system of claim 20, wherein the autonomic manager assigned to manage the manageable resource is adapted to validate that the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource using a defined management style of the autonomic manager. 22. The system of claim 20, wherein the autonomic manager assigned to manage the manageable resource is adapted to perform another analysis to match a plurality of capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource and to determine whether the autonomic manager can manage the manageable resource based on a match between the capabilities and requirements of the autonomic manager and the manageable resource. 23. The system of claim 20, further comprising a
|
['G06F15173']
|
claim
|
11,244,085
|
[claim] 1. A display apparatus comprising a display part to display a picture, the display apparatus further comprising: a signal processor to convert a video signal to have a format suitable for the display part; an anion generator to generate anions; and a controller to control the display part and the signal processor to display a picture corresponding to the video signal, and to control the anion generator to generate the anions. 2. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a power supply to supply an electric power to the display part, the signal processor, and the anion generator; and an anion switching part to switch the electric power supplied from the power supply to the anion generator, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to generate the anions by controlling a switching operation of the anion switching part. 3. The display apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: an anion indicator to indicate whether the anion generator generates the anions. 4. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the anion indicator comprises a light emitting diode (LED) controlled by the controller to blink according to a determination of whether the anion generator generates the anions. 5. The display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the controller controls the light emitting diode to change a color of a light emitted from the light emitting diode according to a determination of whether the anion generator generates the anions. 6. The display apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the anion indicator further comprises: an OSD generator controlled by the controller to display whether the anion generator generates the anions. 7. The display apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the anion generator comprises: a booster to boost the power supplied from the power supply via the anion switching part; a high voltage terminal to which high voltage outputted from the booster is applied; and a ground terminal spaced from the high voltage terminal. 8. The display apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a user input part to input a key signal to the controller according to operations of a user, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to generate the anions according to the key signal inputted from the user input part. 9. The display apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising: an OSD generator to display an OSD menu on the display part, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to generate the anions according to the key signal inputted through the OSD menu. 10. The display apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to periodically generate the anions. 11. The display apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to stop generating the anions when the display apparatus is changed into a power saving mode. 12. The display apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the controller determines whether the display apparatus is in the power saving mode, on the basis of a display power management signaling according to video electronics standards association (VESA) standards. 13. A display apparatus comprising: a display part to display a picture; a signal processor to convert a video signal to a picture having a format suitable for the display part; an anion generator to generate anions; a controller to control the display part, the signal processor and the anion generator; and an anion switching part which is controlled by the controller to switch the electric power supplied from the power supply to the anion generator. 14. The display apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: an anion indicator to indicate whether the anion generator generates the anions. 15. The display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the anion indicator comprises: a light emitting diode (LED) controlled by the controller to blink according to a determination of whether the anion generator generates the anions. 16. The display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the controller controls the light emitting diode (LED) to change a color of a light emitted from the light emitting diode (LED) according to whether the anion generator generates the anions. 17. The display apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the anion indicator further comprises: an OSD generator controlled by the controller to display whether the anion generator generates the anions, on the display part. 18. The display apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: a user input part to input a key signal to the controller, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to generate the anions according to the key signal inputted from the user input part. 19. The display apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising: an OSD generator to display an OSD menu on the display part, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to generate the anions according to the key signal inputted through the OSD menu. 20. The display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to periodically generate the anions. 21. The display apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the controller controls the anion generator to stop generating the anions when the display apparatus is changed into a power saving mode. 22. The display apparatus according to claim 21, wherein the controller determines whether the display apparatus is in the power saving mode on the basis of a display power management signaling (DPMS) signal according to video electronics standards association (VESA) standards. 23. The display apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the anion generator comprises: a booster to boost the power supplied from the power supply via the anion switching part; a high voltage terminal to which high voltage outputted from the booster is applied; and a ground terminal spaced from the high voltage terminal. 24. The display apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising: an OSD generator controlled by the controller to display an OSD menu including at least one of an anion setting bar to turn on or off the anion generator, a period setting bar to adjust a period to turn on or off the anion generator,
|
['G02F1153']
|
claim
|
11,385,086
|
[summary] The present invention in accordance with one aspect thereof provides at least one extra pad, referred to herein as a height-sensing pad, on an integrated circuit die. In the illustrative embodiment, the present invention provides methods and apparatus for wire-bonding an integrated circuit during packaging. More particularly, the present invention provides methods and apparatus for determining appropriate pad height coordinates without causing damage to bond pads during the wire-bonding process. One aspect of the invention is a method for performing a wire-bonding operation in an integrated circuit, comprising the following steps. The positions of at least one height-sensing pad and at least one bond pad on a surface of an integrated circuit die are determined, where the height-sensing pad is electrically isolated from the die circuitry and the bond pad is electrically connected to the die circuitry. A bonding tool is then lowered to the height-sensing pad, and a height coordinate of the height-sensing pad is determined. Finally, the bond pad is wire-bonded to a lead of a leadframe utilizing the height coordinate of the height-sensing pad. An additional aspect of the invention relates to compensating for tilt of the integrated circuit die in the bonding tool. Height-sensing pads may be disposed on the surface of the integrated circuit die. The bonding tool may be lowered to each height-sensing pad in order to obtain height coordinates for each pad and thus the plane of the integrated circuit die. The bonding tool is then able to determine the tilt of the integrated circuit die in relation to the bonding tool. This tilt measurement is used in determining the position and height coordinates of the bond pads of the integrated circuit. Further, the height-sensing pads may be in close proximity to bond pads but more distant from active circuitry than the bond pads. Advantageously, the present invention eliminates yield loss caused by pad damage without any additional hardware and is easy to implement with any integrated circuit technology. Further, the height-sensing pads may be placed anywhere on the surface of the die. Determining the tilt of an integrated circuit die in a bonding tool is especially useful for a larger die. These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
|
['H01L2352']
|
summary
|
12,356,680
|
[description] The particular values and configurations discussed in these non-limiting examples can be varied and are cited merely to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective three-dimensional view of a non-contact capacitive throttle control apparatus 100, which can be implemented in accordance with a preferred embodiment. Note that in FIGS. 1-9, identical or similar parts or elements are generally indicated by identical reference numerals. Preferably, the non-contact capacitive throttle control apparatus 100 includes a pair of electrodes 120 and 130 mounted thereon for position sensing. The non-contact capacitive throttle control apparatus 100 generally includes a throttle lever 140 associated with a handle 150. The throttle lever 140 associated with the handle 150 has a long, extended portion. The length of the handle 150 can be adjusted as well, depending on the preferences of different riders. The throttle lever 140 can be mounted on the handle bar 150 utilizing a torsion spring (not shown), which controls throttle of the engine. The non-contact capacitive throttle control apparatus 100 further includes a rotatable electrode 130 that can be mounted on the throttle lever 140. The throttle lever 140 rotates corresponding to the opening of a throttle valve (not shown) and is further provided with a stationary electrode 120. The stationary electrode 120 and the rotatable electrode 130 are preferably configured from, for example, copper or aluminum. It can be appreciated, of course, that other types of film may be utilized in place of the copper or aluminum, depending upon design considerations. The rotatable electrode 130 can be attached to the throttle lever 140 and it can rotate with the throttle lever 140. The capacitance between the rotatable electrode 130 and the stationary electrode 120 changes with the position of the throttle lever 140. The position of the throttle lever 140 can be measured by measuring the capacitance between the two electrodes 120 and 130 and a signal can be generated based on the sensed position. In general, capacitance can be a measure of the amount of electric charge stored (or separated) for a given electric potential between two electrodes such as the stationary electrode 120 and the rotatable electrode 130. By measuring the capacitance between the electrodes 120 and 130, the position of the throttle control lever 140 can be measured simultaneously. Note that the throttle control apparatus as a non-contact capacitive sensor can eliminate the need of cables and other mechanical parts that are traditionally utilized in off-road vehicles. FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded view of the non-contact capacitive throttle control apparatus 100, which can be implemented in accordance with a preferred embodiment. The drive-by-wire throttle control apparatus 100 typically includes the throttle lever 140, a PCB 210 associated with a PCB housing 220. Drive-by-wire technology in the automotive industry replaces the traditional mechanical and hydraulic control systems with electronic control systems. The PCB 210 can be utilized to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components such as the electrodes 120 and 130 utilizing conductive pathways, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. A sensed member can be provided, which is preferably the rotatable electrode 130 and the stationary electrode 120 associated with the throttle lever 140. Preferably, the rotatable electrode 130 and the stationary electrode 120 can be configured to sense the position of the throttle lever 140. In a preferred embodiment, the stationary electrode 120 can be mounted to a mounting bracket 230 and is stationary with respect to the throttle lever 140. The extended portion of the handle 150 terminates at the mounting bracket 230. The mounting bracket 230 is preferably operably designed and configured to mount the throttle lever 140 to the handle bar 150. The throttle lever 140 is preferably received within the mounting bracket 230 and preferably coaxial therewith, although the throttle lever 140 can be received in other positions and/or orientations. The preferred throttle lever 140 is a twist throttle, which receives the handle bar 150 for rotation thereabout. The mounting bracket 230 comprises a curved body, as depicted in FIG. 2. In a preferred embodiment, the throttle lever 140 can be molded in one piece from a plastic or another similar material, depending upon design considerations. Of course, the throttle lever 140 can be configured from other materials as well such as, for example, metal. Note that the embodiments discussed herein should not be construed in any limited sense. It can be appreciated that such embodiments reveal details of the structure of a preferred form necessary for a better understanding of the invention and may be subject to change by skilled persons within the scope of the invention without departing from the concept thereof. A collar 240 is positioned on the outer periphery of the throttle lever 140 for rotation therewith, the collar 240 having a gripping surface formed around the outer periphery thereof. The collar 240 can be non-rotatably mounted on the throttle lever 140 for engaging and selectively holding the gripping surface and hand grip at any desired throttle setting. A lock washer 250 can be configured for locking the rotatable electrode 120 and the throttle lever 140 in a predetermined position. The electrodes 120 and 130 of the throttle control apparatus 100 can act as a capacitive sensor that can eliminate the need for throttle cable in the off-road vehicles. As the throttle lever 140 rotates, the rotatable electrode 130 can also rotate. This results in a change in the capacitance between the electrodes 120 and 130. The measured change in the capacitance between the electrodes 120 and 130 can be utilized to measure the position of the throttle lever 140 and a respective signal based on the sensed position can be generated. The signal in turn can be sent to an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) 260 which is converted to a voltage value that is used to control the throttle of a vehicle. The ECU 260 determines the required throttle position by calculations from data
|
['G01R2726' 'H01G700' 'G06F1900']
|
detailed_description
|
12,430,540
|
[claim] 1. An oral care composition having improved dispersibility during use comprising (a) a thickening/binding agent comprising from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of the oral care composition of carrageenan that provides a water viscosity of at least about 20 mPa·s in a 1.5% solution at 25° C. and effective water-binding capacity to prevent significant water loss from the composition when exposed to air to cause unacceptable drying out, and (b) an orally acceptable carrier comprising no more than about 10% by weight of humectant(s) and one or more other oral care agents. 2. An oral care composition in the form of a dentifrice having improved dispersibility during use comprising (a) a thickening/binding agent comprising from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of carrageenan that provides a water viscosity of at least about 20 mPa·s in a 1.5% solution at 25° C. and effective water-binding capacity such that there is no more than about 0.75% water loss from the dentifrice composition when exposed to air for 30 minutes at room temperature conditions and 50% relative humidity, and (b) an orally acceptable carrier comprising no more than about 10% by weight of humectant(s) and one or more other oral care agents. 3. An oral care composition according to claim 1, wherein the orally acceptable carrier comprises one or more of oral care agents selected from abrasive, anticaries agent, fluoride ion source, antimicrobial/antiplaque agent, bleaching agent, anticalculus agent, desensitizing agent, tooth substantive agent, chelating agent, surfactant or flavor system. 4. An oral care composition according to claim 1 further comprising an additional thickening/binding agent selected from one or a combination of carboxyvinyl polymers, natural and synthetic clays, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), gum karaya, xanthan gum, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, magnesium aluminum silicate or finely divided silica. 5. An oral care composition according to claim 1 wherein the humectant when present comprises one or a mixture of glycerin, sorbitol, xylitol, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol and trimethyl glycine 6. An oral care composition according to claim 3 wherein the abrasive comprises one or a mixture of silica, calcium carbonate, sodium polymetaphosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate or calcium pyrophosphate. 7. An oral care composition according to claim 3 wherein the fluoride ion source comprises one or a mixture of sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, indium fluoride, amine fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate. 8. An oral care composition according to claim 3 wherein the tooth substantive agent comprises one or a mixture of phosphate compounds selected from polyphosphates having an average chain length of 3 or more, phytates, alkyl phosphates or alkyl (poly)alkoxy phosphates. 9. An oral care composition according to claim 3 wherein the anticalculus agent comprises a pyrophosphate salt. 10. A method for improving dispersibility of dentifrice compositions comprising formulating the dentifrice with a thickening/binding agent comprising from about 0.1% to about 10% by weight of carrageenan that provides a water viscosity of at least about 20 mPa·s in a 1.5% solution at 25° C. and effective water-binding capacity such that there is no more than about 0.75% water loss from the dentifrice composition when exposed to air for 30 minutes at room temperature conditions and 50% relative humidity and an orally acceptable carrier comprising no more than about 10% by weight of humectant(s) and one or more other oral care agents, wherein the dentifrice essentially disperses completely during a typical brushing period.
|
['A61K873' 'A61K821' 'A61K824']
|
claim
|
12,132,506
|
[claim] 1. A compound of the formula (I) its derivatives, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutical compositions, wherein, --- represents a bond or no bond; A is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclyl; B represents a ring system selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted 5 to 18-membered aryl, 5 to 6 membered saturated and unsaturated heterocyclyl having 1-4 hetero atoms selected from N, O or S R1 represents —OR10 or NR11R12; R2 and R3 may be same or different and independently represent H, COR13, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio or heterocyclyl; R4 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl and aralkyl; R5 represents H, halogen, nitro, cyano, formyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoyl and carboxylic acids and its derivatives; R7, R8, and R9 may be same or different and represent hydrogen, nitro, nitrile, hydroxy, formyl, azido, halo, or substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, amino, hydrazine, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, sulfamoyl and carboxylic acid and its derivatives; R10 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl and a counter ion; R11 and R12 may be same or different and independently represent H, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl and aryl or R11 and R12 together with nitrogen may represent substituted or unsubstituted mono or bicyclic saturated or unsaturated ring system which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S or N; R13 represents H, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyloxy, aryloxy, alkoxy and aralkoxy; Z represents O, S or NR14, R14 represents hydrogen or alkyl; when Z represents O or S, R6 represents hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl and heterocyclyl; when Z represents NR14, R6 represents H, hydroxy, protected hydroxyl group, alkyloxy, aryloxy, amino, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl and heterocyclyl; R14 represents hydrogen or alkyl; Y represents O, S or NR14; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer from 0 to 4; X represents a bond, O, S, SO or SO2. 2. A compound of the formula (I) its derivatives, stereoisomers, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and pharmaceutical compositions, wherein, --- represents a bond or no bond; A is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted 5 to 18-membered aryl and heterocyclyl; B represents a ring system selected from the group consisting of: 5 to 18-membered aryl substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated hetereocyclic ring which is selected from pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, isooxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, and the like; and substituted and unsubstituted 5 to 6-membered saturated and unsaturated heterocyclyl having 1-4 hetero atoms selected from N, O or S R1 represents —OR10 or NR11R12; R2 and R3 may be same or different and independently represent H, COR13, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio or heterocyclyl; R4 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl and aralkyl; R5 represents H, halogen, nitro, cyano, formyl, amino, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, alkanoyl and carboxylic acids and its derivatives; R7, R8, and R9 may be same or different and represent hydrogen, nitro, nitrile, hydroxy, formyl, azido, halo, or substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, acyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, amino, hydrazine, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, acylamino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, sulfamoyl and carboxylic acid and its derivatives; R10 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl and a counter ion; R11 and R12 may be same or different and independently represent H, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl and aryl or R11 and R12 together with nitrogen may represent substituted or unsubstituted mono or bicyclic saturated or unsaturated ring system which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from O, S or N; R13 represents H, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkenyloxy, aryloxy, alkoxy and aralkoxy; Z represents O, S or NR14, R14 represents hydrogen or alkyl; when Z represents O or S, R6 represents hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl and heterocyclyl; when Z represents NR14, R6 represents H, hydroxy, protected hydroxyl group, alkyloxy, aryloxy, amino, substituted or unsubstituted groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl and heterocyclyl; R14 represents hydrogen or alkyl; Y represents O, S or NR14; m is an integer from 0 to 8; n is an integer from 0 to 4; X represents a bond, O, S, SO or SO2. 3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ring system represented by B is selected from the group consisting of substituted phenyl, naphthyl and the like which may be further substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 6 membered saturated or unsaturated hetereocyclic ring which is selected from pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, isooxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, and the like. 4. A compound according to claim 2 wherein A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridinyl, indolyl and diazinyl. 5. A compound according to claim 1 wherein A
|
['A61K31195' 'C07C23301' 'A61K3116' 'C07D29500' 'A61P1100' 'A61P3700'
'A61P300' 'A61K315375' 'C07C22900']
|
claim
|
12,143,169
|
[claim] 1. A measurement apparatus for measuring optical characteristics of a detection target, the measurement apparatus comprising: a polarization controller which controls polarization of light which is incident on the detection target; a wavefront dividing unit which divides a wavefront of the light from the polarization controller; a polarizing unit which polarizes the light transmitted through the detection target; a detector which detects the light transmitted through at least one of said wavefront dividing unit and said polarizing unit; a processor which calculates the optical characteristics of the detection target based on a detection result of said detector; and a first driving unit which moves said wavefront dividing unit with respect to said detector to position said wavefront dividing unit in or outside an optical path running from the detection target to said detector, wherein said processor calculates the optical characteristics of the detection target using a detection result obtained when said wavefront dividing unit is positioned in the optical path and a detection result obtained when said wavefront dividing unit is positioned outside the optical path. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second driving unit which moves said polarizing unit with respect to said detector to position said polarizing unit in or outside the optical path, and a control unit which controls said first driving unit and said second driving unit so that said second driving unit positions said polarizing unit outside the optical path when said first driving unit positions said wavefront dividing unit in the optical path, and that said second driving unit positions said polarizing unit in the optical path when said first driving unit positions said wavefront dividing unit outside the optical path. 3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said wavefront dividing unit includes one of a diffraction grating, a parallel plate, a translucent reflecting substrate, and a prism, and said polarizing unit includes one of a waveplate, a polarizer and a polarizing beam splitter. 4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said polarizing unit includes a rotatable element, said detector detects interference fringes when said wavefront dividing unit is positioned in the optical path, and a change in light intensity distribution caused by rotation of at least one element of said polarizing unit when said wavefront dividing unit is positioned outside the optical path, and said processor calculates differential data of aberration caused by the detection target based on the detected interference fringes, and data on birefringence of the detection target based on the detected change in light intensity distribution. 5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said wavefront dividing unit includes a diffraction grating, the apparatus further comprises a selecting window which selects only a wavefront with a predetermined order among wavefronts diffracted by said diffraction grating, and said selecting window is positioned in or outside the optical path simultaneously with said wavefront dividing unit. 6. An exposure apparatus comprising an illumination system which illuminates an original, a projection optical system which projects a pattern of the original illuminated by said illumination system onto a substrate, and a measurement apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the detection target comprises said projection optical system, said polarization controller is positioned in said illumination system, and said wavefront dividing unit and said polarizing unit are positioned between said projection optical system and said detector. 7. An exposure apparatus comprising an illumination system which illuminates an original, a projection optical system which projects a pattern of the original illuminated by said illumination system onto a substrate, and a measurement apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the detection target comprises said projection optical system, said polarization controller is positioned in said illumination system, said wavefront dividing unit is positioned between said illumination system and said projection optical system, and said polarizing unit is positioned between said projection optical system and said detector. 8. An apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a reflecting mirror which reflects the light transmitted through said projection optical system, wherein said detector is positioned to detect the light reflected by said reflecting mirror and transmitted again through said projection optical system. 9. An apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising a reflecting mirror which reflects the light transmitted through said projection optical system, wherein said detector is positioned to detect the light reflected by said reflecting mirror and transmitted again through said projection optical system. 10. An exposure apparatus comprising an illumination system which illuminates an original, a projection optical system which projects a pattern of the original illuminated by said illumination system onto a substrate, and a measurement apparatus defined in claim 1, wherein the detection target comprises said illumination system. 11. An exposure apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a control unit which controls at least one of said illumination system and said projection optical system based on a result calculated by said processor. 12. A method of manufacturing a device, the method comprising: exposing a substrate using an exposure apparatus defined in claim 6; developing the exposed substrate; and processing the developed substrate to manufacture the device.
|
['G03B2742' 'G03B2772']
|
claim
|
12,641,297
|
TOUCH PANEL DEVICE HAVING HIGH TOUCH SENSITIVITY AND TOUCH POSITIONING METHOD THEREOF [SEP] [abstract] A touch panel device having high touch sensitivity includes sensing capacitors, switches, storage capacitors, a differential amplifier and a signal processing unit. During a sense period, the switches are periodically turned on alternately for periodically transferring the charges of the sensing capacitors to the storage capacitors. The differential amplifier is put in use for amplifying the voltage difference of two corresponding storage capacitors for generating a touch readout signal. The signal processing unit performs an OR operation on two touch readout signals generated during different sense periods based on different sensing capacitor combinations regarding same panel touch position for providing a touch position signal.
|
['G06F3041']
|
abstract
|
12,091,471
|
[description] Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspect(s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more aspects. Referring to FIG. 1, a multiple access wireless communication system according to one aspect is illustrated. A multiple access wireless communication system 100 includes multiple cells, e.g. cells 102, 104, and 106. In the aspect of FIG. 1, each cell 102, 104, and 106 may include an access point 150 that includes multiple sectors. The multiple sectors are formed by groups of antennas each responsible for communication with access terminals in a portion of the cell. In cell 102, antenna groups 112, 114, and 116 each correspond to a different sector. In cell 104, antenna groups 118, 120, and 122 each correspond to a different sector. In cell 106, antenna groups 124, 126, and 128 each correspond to a different sector. Each cell includes several access terminals which are in communication with one or more sectors of each access point. For example, access terminals 130 and 132 are in communication base 142, access terminals 134 and 136 are in communication with access point 144, and access terminals 138 and 140 are in communication with access point 146. Controller 130 is coupled to each of the cells 102, 104, and 106. Controller 130 may contain one or more connections to multiple networks, e.g. the Internet, other packet based networks, or circuit switched voice networks that provide information to, and from, the access terminals in communication with the cells of the multiple access wireless communication system 100. The controller 130 includes, or is coupled with, a scheduler that schedules transmission from and to access terminals. In other aspects, the scheduler may reside in each individual cell, each sector of a cell, or a combination thereof. As used herein, an access point may be a fixed station used for communicating with the terminals and may also be referred to as, and include some or all the functionality of, a base station, a Node B, or some other terminology. An access terminal may also be referred to as, and include some or all the functionality of, a user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, terminal, a mobile station or some other terminology. It should be noted that while FIG. 1, depicts physical sectors, i.e. having different antenna groups for different sectors, other approaches may be utilized. For example, utilizing multiple fixed “beams” that each cover different areas of the cell in frequency space may be utilized in lieu of, or in combination with physical sectors. Such an approach is depicted and disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/260,895, entitled “Adaptive Sectorization in Cellular System.” Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram of an aspect of a transmitter system 210 and a receiver system 250 in a
|
['G06F15177']
|
detailed_description
|
11,443,056
|
Self-adhesive note assembly having multiple note surfaces [SEP] [abstract] A self-adhesive note assembly includes a support in the form of a three dimensional object and at least one stack of self-adhesive notes on each of plural surfaces of the three dimensional object. Another self-adhesive note assembly includes a flat support having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the top surface has thereon at least one stack of self-adhesive notes and the bottom surface has at least two stacks of self-adhesive notes. Still another self-adhesive note assembly includes a support having on one side a first surface and second surface, wherein the first surface has thereon at least one stack of self-adhesive notes and the second surface has thereon at least one stack of self-adhesive notes, wherein the support can be folded such that the first surface faces the second surface.
|
['B32B3300']
|
abstract
|
12,031,756
|
[invention] This invention relates generally to improvements in computer processors that execute relatively simple instructions in hardware controlled execution units and execute relatively complex instructions in a milli-mode architected state with vertical microcode (i.e., millicode) routines executing in the same hardware controlled execution units, and more particularly to millicode store access checking instructions with reduced delays. Instruction sets used in computer systems employing so-called Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) architecture include both simple instructions (e.g., Load, or Add) and complex instructions (e.g., Program Call, or Load Address Space Parameters). As the computer systems have become more powerful, larger percentages of the instruction set have been implemented using hardware execution units to increase the systems performance. Conventionally, complex functions are implemented in microcode because building hardware execution units to execute them is expensive and error prone. Implementing complex functions in microcode provides flexibility to fix problems and expandability in that additional functions can be included later. In certain prior art machines, where much of the processor is hardware controlled, a dedicated microprocessor based execution unit is often provided in order to implement the complex functions. This unit can be microprogrammed to execute complex instructions and complex functions such as handling interrupt conditions. A milli-mode operation enables implementation of complex functions in a large, hardware controlled, pipelined, general-purpose digital computer without an additional dedicated microprocessor-based execution unit. Milli-mode implements these complex functions with flexibility provided by firmware and avoids a packaging problem introduced by the inclusion of the additional microprocessor hardware. Rather than an additional microprocessor, milli-mode uses preexisting dataflow and hardware controlled execution units of a pipelined processor to accomplish complex functions. Additional hardware controlled instructions (private milli-mode only instructions) are added to provide control functions or to improve performance. These private milli-mode instructions augment the architected instruction set. Milli-mode routines can intermingle the milli-mode only instructions with architected instructions to implement complex functions. Milli-mode detection logic in instruction decode logic detects a need to enter milli-mode, and this causes millicode routines to be fetched. The millicode routines are decoded by the decoder hardware and dispatched for execution in the same way as the architected macro-instructions (system-mode instructions). A majority of the architected macro-instructions that are implemented as hardware controlled instructions can be executed in milli-mode. The set of instructions available in milli-mode can be considered to be an alternate architecture that the processor can execute. The hardware-executed instructions which are valid only for millicode are generally of a format and a function similar to those of the architected instructions. In this way, the unique hardware required to implement these instructions is minimized, and the simplicity of the hardware design is maintained. This simplicity of hardware controls is a chief advantage of millicode over other forms of internal code (e.g., microcode), which require considerably more unique hardware. A disadvantage of a millicoded design is that some complex operations require more internal code instructions and/or more machine cycles than with some forms of microcode. In some cases, this is due to the inefficiency of the base instruction set when used to perform these complex operations. Depending on the frequency with which these operations are performed, the impact on overall system performance may be significant. Millicode that accesses storage, just like architected instructions, are executed by generic hardware constructs. Therefore, millicode is subject to various kinds of hardwired architectural access exception checks and default cache operation behavior. It is desirable for millicode to be capable of accessing a storage location, as well as to avoid or alter certain default operand cache behavior. Any storage access may require proper authority. Prior approaches provide an operand access control register (OACR) mechanism to override many aspects of default operand cache access characteristics. One such approach includes suppressing interrupts when an access exception is detected. However, this is subject to pipeline delays when the OACR needs to be written (after execution) before the affected instruction can issue its operand fetch (occurring much earlier in the processor pipeline). This results in a “bubble” in the pipeline that translates to a reduction in instructions per cycle as delays are incurred to rectify interlock condition between the instruction and the OACR. One example is described in U.S. Pat. 5,790,844, which provides a “load and access test” that can check for “load” type exceptions without taking an actual interrupt, but requires a test “tag” from the OACR to be updated to check for a “store” type access exception. It would be beneficial to develop milli-mode assist instructions enabling millicode access to a storage operand and directly checking for store-type access exceptions without incurring OACR update interlock delays. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for millicode store access checking instructions.
|
['G06F930']
|
background
|
11,215,908
|
[invention] The current sanitary napkin disposal bins used in public bath room facilities use paper, cellophane or plastic bags which are loosely placed in the bins. The plastic bags, even when placed over the upper edge of the bin, often slip down into the bin when the bag becomes filled. Paper and/or cellophane bags frequently collapse or fold inward, allowing sanitary products and the like to be disposed between the bag and a wall of the bin, thereby soiling the bin. Removal of sanitary products creates a problem as well. Maintenance staff must remove the bag and the sanitary products which have fallen between the bag and the wall of the bin. Further, maintenance personnel must then clean the bin before placing a new bag in the bin, so that the bin does not become malodorous. Bag removal and bin cleaning are hazardous activities for maintenance personnel, who must handle with care sanitary products and other refuse contaminated with body fluids and the like. An improved disposal bag and system for disposing of sanitary products would be desirable. Such a bag would desirably be configured so that it did not slip down into the bin, resulting in sanitary products and/or other materials being deposited between the bag and the wall of the bin. Desirably, such a bag would provide a structure which would hold the bag in place on the bin. In addition, such a bag would desirably provide a safe and easy way for maintenance personnel to remove the bag and seal it. In addition, such a disposal bag would provide odor absorbent material to reduce or eliminate odor therein. Definitions As used herein, the terms “sanitary products” include, but are not limited to, feminine napkins, tampons, colostomy bags, ileostomy bags, male incontinence pads, baby diapers, disposable training pants for children, adult incontinence products including pads, disposable underwear, and so forth. As used herein, the term “fasteners” means devices that fasten, join, connect, secure, hold, or clamp components together. Fasteners include, but are not limited to, screws, nuts and bolts, rivets, snap-fits, tacks, nails, loop fasteners, and interlocking male/female connectors, such as fishhook connectors, a fish hook connector includes a male portion with a protrusion on its circumference. Inserting the male portion into the female portion substantially permanently locks the two portions together. As used herein, the term “couple” includes, but is not limited to, joining, connecting, fastening, linking, or associating two things integrally or interstitially together. As used herein, the term “configure” or “configuration” means to design, arrange, set up, or shape with a view to specific applications or uses. For example: a military vehicle that was configured for rough terrain; configured the computer by setting the system's parameters. As used herein, the term “hinge” refers to a jointed or flexible device that connects and permits pivoting or turning of a part to a stationary component. Hinges include, but are not limited to, metal pivotable connectors, such as those used to fasten a door to frame, and living hinges. Living hinges may be constructed from plastic and formed integrally between two members. A living hinge permits pivotable movement of one member in relation to another connected member. As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to something which is done to a great extent or degree; for example, “substantially covered” means that a thing is at least 95% covered. As used herein, the term “alignment” refers to the spatial property possessed by an arrangement or position of things in a straight line or in parallel lines. As used herein, the terms “orientation” or “position” used interchangeably herein refer to the spatial property of a place where or way in which something is situated; for example, “the position of the hands on the clock.” As used herein, the term “sanitary disposal unit” refers to a unit provided on or in a wall or other structure of a public bathroom, that is, in the stall of each area containing a toilet, which is configured to receive sanitary products. These terms may be defined with additional language in the remaining portions of the specification.
|
['B65D2514']
|
background
|
11,745,109
|
[invention] Hybrid diesel electric vehicles, such as hybrid diesel electric locomotives, for example, include an energy storage system with several energy storage devices (i.e. batteries). These energy storage devices are typically utilized to store secondary electric energy during a dynamic braking mode, when the traction motors generate excess electrical energy which may be stored, or during a motoring mode, when the locomotive engine produces excess electrical energy which may be stored. Each locomotive typically includes several energy storage devices, such as between ten and fifty, for example, where each energy storage device is a large massive body including several hundred individual cells combined together, and each amounting to several hundred pounds in weight. Some of the high temperature storage devices need to be heated to achieve a desired operating temperature. During normal operation of the locomotive, a voltage is typically applied across the heater terminals of each energy storage device, thereby activating an electrical heating circuit to heat the energy storage device. Although each energy storage device is manufactured to operate with consistent operating characteristics under similar operating conditions, the energy storage devices actually operate with varying operating characteristics, when subjected to the same operating conditions. For example, during operation of the locomotive, a maximum temperature storage device operates at a maximum temperature and a minimum temperature storage device operates at a minimum temperature, as compared to the other energy storages devices of the energy storage system. FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary timing diagram of a maximum temperature 504 and minimum temperature 502 for a respective maximum temperature storage device and minimum temperature storage device of a conventional energy storage system. All other storage device temperatures typically fall within the maximum and minimum temperature of the respective maximum and minimum temperature storage devices. At different times, different energy storage devices may be the maximum temperature storage device with the maximum temperature. Similarly, at different times, different energy storage devices may be the minimum temperature storage device with the minimum temperature. In the illustrated diagram, the time rate of change of the maximum temperature 504 and minimum temperature 502 typically share the same sign at any time instant (i.e. rise and fall together) since they are operated similarly. Additionally, the conventional cooling system for the energy storage system activates when the maximum temperature 504 exceeds a maximum temperature threshold 506 , which is approximately 335 degrees Celsius in the illustrated diagram. Further, the conventional cooling system for the energy storage system deactivates when the minimum temperature 502 falls below a minimum temperature threshold 508 , which is approximately 270 degrees Celsius in the illustrated diagram. The illustrated diagram in FIG. 13 , and particular values are merely an example of a conventional cooling system for a conventional energy storage system, and other systems may operate at varying temperature ranges. Since the operating range of the cooling system, measured by the difference between the maximum temperature threshold 506 and the minimum temperature threshold 508 , is greater than the difference between the maximum temperature 504 and the minimum temperature 502 , the cooling system can clearly determine whether or not to activate or deactivate at any instant. However, if the difference between the maximum temperature 504 and the minimum temperature 502 exceeded the operating range of the cooling system, the maximum temperature 504 may exceed the maximum temperature threshold 506 while the minimum temperature 502 simultaneously fell below the minimum temperature threshold 508 , resulting in confusion as to whether or not to activate or deactivate the cooling system. Accordingly, it would be advantageous to provide a cooling system for the energy storage devices of a locomotive which reduces the confusion in determining whether to activate or deactivate the cooling system.
|
['F25D1702' 'B60K100' 'H01M804']
|
background
|
11,308,211
|
[invention] This invention relates generally to locking pliers and, more particularly, to an improved adjustment mechanism for such pliers. Pliers-type hand tools with toggle-locking mechanisms are generally known as locking pliers. These pliers usually comprise a fixed handle having a fixed jaw on one end thereof. A movable jaw and a movable handle are pivotal relative to the fixed handle to open and close the jaws. To operate the pliers the movable handle is closed relative to the fixed handle to close the fixed jaw and movable jaw and seize a workpiece firmly therebetween. The handles are then tightly compressed such that the toggle mechanism locks the pliers onto the workpiece. The pliers will remain firmly locked in place without the continuous application of force by the user. The pliers may comprise a relatively simple toggle-locking mechanism where a single link has one end pivotably connected to the movable jaw and the opposite end adjustably and pivotably received in the movable handle such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,546,680. The pliers may also comprise a more complex toggle-locking mechanism that uses a compound linkage where multiple links are pivotably connected to one another between the fixed handle and the movable handle such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,056,385. The locking pliers may also comprise self-adjusting pliers such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,941,844. Other embodiments of locking pliers are also known. The jaws may be shaped to function as long nose pliers, ordinary wrenches with curved serrated jaws, jaws in the shape of C-clamps, C-clamps with swivel pads, hole punches, or any other kind of hand tool where the toggle-locking action is useful. Adjustments in the force applied by the jaws to the workpiece are generally made by turning an adjusting screw mounted in the fixed handle that engages the toggle locking mechanism. The adjusting screw is translated relative to the fixed handle to modify the physical dimensions of the toggle mechanism. Specifically, the adjustment screw contacts the end of the toggle locking mechanism such that as the screw is translated relative to the fixed handle the end of the toggle-locking mechanism is moved relative to the fulcrum point to vary the effective length of the toggle-locking mechanism. This adjustment varies the distance between the jaws and further adjustment of the screw varies the force applied by the jaws to the workpiece when the tool is locked. Force can be applied to the workpiece via the jaws by turning the adjustment screw in a direction to increase the pressure exerted on the toggle link assembly when the tool is closed whether or not pressure is applied by the jaws to the workpiece when the tool is locked. This adjustment allows the tool to apply and increase the pressure on the workpiece in a very controlled manner such that the workpiece can be compressed, bent or drawn together. By turning the adjustment screw in a direction that lessens the force exerted on the toggle link assembly when the tool is locked, pressure on the workpiece can be eased while the tool is locked on a workpiece such that the tool can be unlocked easily and in a controlled manner. Without the adjusting mechanism, a tool that is locked under high pressure can be difficult to release. The adjustment mechanism also allows the tool to function similarly to a table or bench vise. The mechanism for applying the rotational force to the adjustment screw may consist of a knurled knob that is intended to be gripped between a user's fingers such that the rotational force is applied to the adjusting screw by hand. As will be appreciated such a configuration is common and is desired by the end user because it allows a fine application of force to be applied by hand and provides the user with direct feedback on the gripping force applied to the workpiece. One problem with such a configuration is that it may be difficult to apply by hand a large torque to the adjustment screw. In order to allow the user to apply a greater torque to the adjustment screw, it is known to replace the knurled knob with a knob having plural pairs of opposed flat surfaces similar to the exterior surfaces of a nut. Such a configuration allows the adjustment screw to be gripped by a tool such as a box wrench, adjustable wrench or pliers. The use of a wrench or pliers allows the user to apply a much greater torque to the adjustment screw such that the gripping force of the tool is increased. One problem with such an arrangement is that the user looses the “feel” of the knurled knob for making manual adjustments. Another problem is that a conventional wrench or pliers can apply an overload to the adjustment screw and cause a failure of the toggle-locking mechanism or other components of the pliers. Another mechanism for rotating the adjustment screw comprises a lever or “tommy bar” permanently attached to the adjustment screw. The lever comprises a bar that is slidably received in a bore formed in the adjustment screw head. Typically the lever is formed with enlarged ends that are larger than the diameter of the bore such that the lever is prevented from falling out of the bore and is permanently retained in the screw head. Another similar mechanism employs a lever that is pivotably mounted to the adjustment screw such that it can be flipped open to an operative position. The lever increases the amount of torque that can be applied to the adjustment screw; however, because the lever is permanently attached to the adjustment screw it is a cumbersome design and the lever is often in the way during use of the pliers and adds unwanted size and weight to the tool. The lever also hinders the direct manual application of torque to the adjustment screw. Moreover, if an overload torque is applied to the lever, the lever may fail and bend. While failure of
|
['B25B712']
|
background
|
11,542,477
|
System and method for whole body landmark detection, segmentation and change quantification in digital images [SEP] [abstract] A method for segmenting digitized images includes providing a training set comprising a plurality of digitized whole-body images, providing labels on anatomical landmarks in each image of said training set, aligning each said training set image, generating positive and negative training examples for each landmark by cropping the aligned training volumes into one or more cropping windows of different spatial scales, and using said positive and negative examples to train a detector for each landmark at one or more spatial scales ranging from a coarse resolution to a fine resolution, wherein the spatial relationship between a cropping windows of a coarse resolution detector and a fine resolution detector is recorded.
|
['G06K900']
|
abstract
|
12,626,799
|
[claim] 1. A component supply head device for holding a component at a mounting side surface with protruding electrodes to be mounted on a substrate, and reversing an orientation of the mounting side surface of the component to transfer the component to a component mounting head device so that the component mounting head device mounts the component onto the substrate, comprising: a suction nozzle provided with a distal end surface where a suction hole is opened and a suction passage communicated with the suction hole at one end thereof, wherein a portion of the distal end surface outside the suction hole abuts against the protruding electrodes of the component, wherein the suction holes is opposed with a gap to a portion of the mounding side surface on which the protruding electrodes are not provided, and wherein an air flow is generated by vacuum suction force acting from the other end of the suction passage, the air flow flowing from the gap between the suction hole and the mounting side surface into the suction passage through the suction hole and generating a negative pressure to hold the component at the distal end surface. 2. The component supply head device according to claim 1, wherein the suction hole comprises a center section communicated with the suction passage and a plurality of branch sections extending radially from the center section. 3. The component supply head device according to claim 1, wherein an outer dimension of the distal end surface is set so that an outer peripheral edge of the distal end surface is positioned inside a peripheral edge of the component held by the suction nozzle and outside the protruding electrodes. 4. A component supply apparatus, comprising: the component supply head device according to claim 1; a component disposing section where a plurality of components are disposed so that they can be taken out by the suction nozzle; and a component supply and accommodation section for accommodating the components so that they can be disposed in the component disposing section. 5. A component mounting apparatus, comprising: the component supply apparatus according to claim 4; the component mounting head device for releasably holding the component; a substrate holding section for releasably holding the substrate; and a alignment device for aligning the substrate held by the substrate holding section and the component held by the component mounting head device. 6. A component mounting head device for holding a component at a non-mounting side surface opposite to a mounting side surface where a plurality of protruding electrodes are provided, and joining the protruding electrodes to corresponding substrate electrodes formed on a substrate to mount the component on the substrate, comprising: a heater for heating the component; and a suction nozzle comprising a distal end surface where a suction hole is opened and a suction groove communicated with the suction hole is formed in an entire area corresponding to a joining area of the mounting side surface of the component where the protruding electrodes are provided, a proximal end surface opposite to the distal end surface abutting against the heater, and a suction passage communicated with the suction hole at one end thereof, wherein the component is held at the distal end surface by a vacuum suction force acting from the other end of the suction passage. 7. The component mounting head device according to claim 6, wherein the suction groove comprises: a closed pattern section disposed along a peripheral edge of the distal end surface; a plurality of first line sections disposed inside the closed pattern section so as to extend in a first direction and communicated with the closed pattern section at both ends thereof; and a plurality of second line sections disposed inside the closed pattern so as to extend in a direction crossing the first direction, communicated with the closed pattern section at both ends thereof, and communicated with the first line sections intersecting therewith. 8. The component mounting head device according to claim 6, wherein the suction groove comprises: a plurality of first line sections disposed so as to extend in a first direction; and a plurality of second sections disposed so as to extend in a second direction crossing the first direction and communicated with the first line sections intersecting therewith. 9. The component mounting head device according to claim 6, wherein the suction groove comprises: at least one closed pattern section disposed so as to surround a center of the area of the distal end surface corresponding to the joining area; and a plurality of line sections extending radially from the center of the area of the distal end surface corresponding to the joining area and communicated with the closed pattern section intersecting therewith. 10. The component mounting head device according to claim 9, wherein the suction groove comprises a plurality of the closed pattern sections disposed concentrically with respect to the center of the area of the distal end surface corresponding to the joining area. 11. The component mounting head device according to claim 6, wherein the suction groove has a form of a single continuous line. 12. The component mounting head device according to claim 11, wherein the suction groove has a form of a spiral constituted by joining a plurality of line sections respectively extending in substantially the same directions to respective portions of the peripheral edge of the distal end surface. 13. The component mounting head device according to claim 11, wherein the suction groove has a rectangular wave-like shape comprising alternately connected first straight line sections extending in a first direction and second straight line sections extending in a direction crossing the first direction. 14. The component mounting head device according to claim 6, wherein the suction nozzle further comprises a recess formed in the distal end surface and separated from the suction hole. 15. The component mounting head device according to claim 14, wherein the recess is disposed between the suction groove and the peripheral edge of the distal end surface. 16. The component mounting
|
['B23P1900']
|
claim
|
12,579,228
|
[claim] 1. A fuel dispenser security system for use with a fuel dispenser having a shell and a fuel dispensing circuit that controls the dispensing of fuel from the fuel dispenser and includes a handle hang-up switch operable for placing the fuel dispenser in a fuel pump handle hang up condition that prevents dispensing of fuel and a payment authorization switch operable for placing the fuel dispenser in a transaction not-authorized condition that prevents dispensing of fuel, the fuel dispenser security system comprising: at least one tamper detection sensor mountable at the fuel dispenser, the at least one tamper detection sensor being operable to detect dislocation of at least one portion of the fuel dispenser shell and output a tamper detection signal upon detecting such dislocation; a dispenser security controller communicatively coupled to the at least one tamper detection sensor, the dispenser security controller being operable to generate a tamper trigger signal in response to receiving the tamper detection signal from the at least one tamper detection sensor; and a dispenser transaction-termination switch electrically coupled to the fuel dispensing circuit and in signal communication with the dispenser security controller, the dispenser transaction-termination switch operable to simulate at least one of: the fuel pump handle hang up condition; and the transaction not-authorized condition, upon receipt of the tamper trigger signal from the dispenser security controller. 2. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein the handle hang-up switch is moveable and the simulation of the fuel pump handle hang up condition electrically mimics a movement of the handle hang-up switch at a location on the shell. 3. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein the simulation opens the fuel dispensing circuit at a handle hang-up switch location on the shell. 4. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein the simulation of the transaction not-authorized condition is an electrical mimic of an authorization decline signal received at the fuel dispenser from a banking institution. 5. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein: the fuel dispenser has a payment terminal; and operation of the simulation does not interrupt power to the payment terminal. 6. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein the simulation is operable to at least temporarily prevent subsequent fuel purchase transactions. 7. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one tamper detection sensor comprises: a magnetic reed switch held in a first position when a magnet is in proximity to the magnetic reed switch and moves to a second position when the magnet is not within proximity to the magnetic reed switch. 8. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein the dispenser transaction-termination switch is in series with a portion of the fuel dispensing circuit. 9. The fuel dispenser security system according to claim 1, wherein the dispenser transaction-termination switch comprises: a first position allowing normal operation of the fuel dispensing circuit; and a second position interrupting the fuel dispensing circuit. 10. In combination with a fuel supply system having a shell, a fuel dispenser with a fuel pump handle hang up condition that prevents dispensing of fuel when activated, and a fuel dispensing circuit that controls the dispensing of fuel from the fuel dispenser and has a transaction not-authorized condition prevents dispensing of fuel when activated, a fuel dispenser security system, the improvement comprising: at least one tamper detection sensor being operable to detect dislocation of at least one portion of the shell and to generate a tamper detection signal; a dispenser security controller communicatively coupled to the at least one tamper detection sensor and being operable to generate a tamper trigger signal in response to receiving the tamper detection signal; and a dispenser transaction-termination switch electrically coupled to at least one of the fuel dispenser and the fuel dispensing circuit and in signal communication with the dispenser security controller, the dispenser transaction-termination switch operable to activate at least one of: the fuel pump handle hang up condition; and the transaction not-authorized condition, in response to receipt of the tamper trigger signal from the dispenser security controller. 11. A method for preventing theft of fuel from a fuel dispenser that includes a fuel dispenser shell and a fuel dispensing circuit that controls the dispensing of fuel from the fuel dispenser, the method comprising: monitoring at least one tamper detection sensor at the fuel dispenser shell, the at least one tamper detection sensor being operable to detect an intrusion into the fuel dispenser shell; generating a trigger signal with a dispenser security controller communicatively coupled to the at least one tamper detection sensor in response to receiving a tamper detection signal from the at least one tamper detection sensor; and simulating with a dispenser transaction-termination switch electrically coupled to the fuel dispensing circuit and in signal communication with the dispenser security controller, at least one of: a fuel pump handle hang up condition; and a transaction not-authorized condition, in response to receiving the trigger signal from the dispenser security controller. 12. The method according to claim 11, which further comprises carrying out the fuel pump handle hang up condition by electrically mimicking a movement of a hang up lever at the fuel dispenser shell. 13. The method according to claim 11, which further comprises carrying out the fuel pump handle hang up condition by opening the fuel dispensing circuit at a hang up lever on the fuel dispenser shell. 14. The method according to claim 11, which further comprises carrying out the simulation of a transaction not-authorized condition by mimicking a receipt of an authorization decline signal received at the fuel dispenser from a banking institution. 15. The method according to claim 11, which further comprises carrying out the simulation while not interrupting power to a payment terminal at the fuel dispenser. 16. The method according to claim 11, which further comprises carrying out the simulation to at least temporarily prevent subsequent fuel purchase transactions. 17. The method
|
['B67D732' 'B67D708' 'B67D722']
|
claim
|
12,318,702
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a film formation method and apparatus for a semiconductor process for forming a silicon nitride film on a target substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer. The term “semiconductor process” used herein includes various kinds of processes which are performed to manufacture a semiconductor device or a structure having wiring layers, electrodes, and the like to be connected to a semiconductor device, on a target substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer or a glass substrate used for an FPD (Flat Panel Display), e.g., an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), by forming semiconductor layers, insulating layers, and conductive layers in predetermined patterns on the target substrate. 2. Description of the Related Art In manufacturing semiconductor devices for constituting semiconductor integrated circuits, a target substrate, such as a semiconductor wafer, is subjected to various processes, such as film formation, etching, oxidation, diffusion, reformation, annealing, and natural oxide film removal. US 2006/0286817 A1 discloses a semiconductor processing method of this kind performed in a vertical heat-processing apparatus (of the so-called batch type). According to this method, semiconductor wafers are first transferred from a wafer cassette onto a vertical wafer boat and supported thereon at intervals in the vertical direction. The wafer cassette can store, e.g., 25 wafers, while the wafer boat can support 30 to 150 wafers. Then, the wafer boat is loaded into a process container from below, and the process container is airtightly closed. Then, a predetermined heat process is performed, while the process conditions, such as process gas flow rate, process pressure, and process temperature, are controlled. In order to improve the performance of semiconductor integrated circuits, it is important to improve properties of insulating films used in semiconductor devices. Semiconductor devices include insulating films made of materials, such as SiO 2 , PSG (Phospho Silicate Glass), P—SiO (formed by plasma CVD), P—SiN (formed by plasma CVD), and SOG (Spin On Glass), Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride). Particularly, silicon nitride films are widely used, because they have better insulation properties as compared to silicon oxide films, and they can sufficiently serve as etching stopper films or inter-level insulating films. Further, for the same reason, carbon nitride films doped with boron are sometimes used. Several methods are known for forming a silicon nitride film on the surface of a semiconductor wafer by thermal CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). In such thermal CVD, a silane family gas, such as monosilane (SiH 4 ), dichlorosilane (DCS: SiH 2 Cl 2 ), hexachlorodisilane (HCD: Si 2 Cl 6 ), bistertialbutylaminosilane (BTBAS: SiH 2 (NH(C 4 H 9 )) 2 ), or (t-C 4 H 9 NH) 2 SiH 2 , is used as a silicon source gas. For example, a silicon nitride film is formed by thermal CVD using a gas combination of SiH 2 Cl 2 +NH 3 (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,874,368 A) or Si 2 Cl 6 +NH 3 . Further, there is also proposed a method for doping a silicon nitride film with an impurity, such as boron (B), to decrease the dielectric constant. In recent years, owing to the demands of increased miniaturization and integration of semiconductor integrated circuits, it is required to alleviate the thermal history of semiconductor devices in manufacturing steps, thereby improving the characteristics of the devices. For vertical processing apparatuses, it is also required to improve semiconductor processing methods in accordance with the demands described above. For example, there is a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method for a film formation process, which performs film formation while intermittently supplying a source gas and so forth to repeatedly form layers each having an atomic or molecular level thickness, one by one, or several by several (for example, Jpn. Pat. Appln. KOKAI Publications No. 2-93071 and No. 6-45256 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,916 A). In general, this film formation process is called ALD (Atomic layer Deposition) or MLD (Molecular Layer Deposition), which allows a predetermined process to be performed without exposing wafers to a very high temperature. For example, where dichlorosilane (DCS) and NH 3 are supplied as a silane family gas and a nitriding gas, respectively, to form a silicon nitride film (SiN), the process is performed, as follows. Specifically, DCS and NH 3 gas are alternately and intermittently supplied into a process container with purge periods interposed therebetween. When NH 3 gas is supplied, an RF (radio frequency) is applied to generate plasma within the process container so as to promote a nitridation reaction. More specifically, when DCS is supplied into the process container, a layer with a thickness of one molecule or more of DCS is adsorbed onto the surface of wafers. The superfluous DCS is removed during the purge period. Then, NH 3 is supplied and plasma is generated, thereby performing low temperature nitridation to form a silicon nitride film. These sequential steps are repeated to complete a film having a predetermined thickness.
|
['H01L21314' 'B05C1100']
|
background
|
11,387,612
|
Computer mouse having rotatable detection [SEP] [abstract] A computer mouse having rotational detectability is disclosed. The mouse has an outer housing adapted for directional movement on a horizontal plane. The mouse includes the conventional left and right buttons and scroll wheel. Additionally, the mouse includes an extendable plunger which, when extended, prohibits movement of the mouse in x-y directions yet permits rotational movement about the plunger. A sensor is included proximate the plunger for measuring rotational movement of the mouse about the plunger in the horizontal plane.
|
['G09G508']
|
abstract
|
11,333,057
|
[claim] 1. A method for making a polyisocyanate macromer of the formula: wherein f is two or more; “a” is zero to five; and when “a” is one to five, R1 is where the ethylene oxide portion of R1 may be linear or branched, and c may range from 1 to 100; R2 is where R3 is a linear or branched residue of a water soluble polymer that is capable of forming ester linkages to R4, and (i) ester linkages together with the carbonyl group of the benzoyl isocyanate moiety when “a” is zero, or (ii) urethane linkages to R1 when “a” is one or more; and R4 is an organic residue capable of having carboxylate end-groups; comprising the steps of: (a) condensing a linear polyalkylene glycol with a polycarboxylic acid so that the polycarboxylic acid is terminated with hydroxyl groups from the polyalkylene glycol, to form a polyethylene glycol ester polyol; (b) synthesizing an aromatic dinitro intermediate; (c) hydrogenating the aromatic dinitro intermediate to form a diamine intermediate, (d) purifying the diamine intermediate; (e) phosgenating the diamine intermediate to form a diisocyanate intermediate by reacting the diamine intermediate with triphosgene in a solvent; and (f) reacting the diisocyanate intermediate with the polyethylene glycol ester polyol to form an isocyonate terminated polyethylene glycol ester urethane. 2. The method of claim 1, where the purity of diamine intermediate is greater than or equal to 96% in step (d). 3. The method of claim 2, where the solvent of step (e) is selected from the group consisting of ethyeneglycol diacetate and glycerol triacetate (triacetin).
|
['C08B11193']
|
claim
|
11,148,753
|
Converter and communication control method [SEP] [abstract] A converter for connecting its ATM network with other ATM networks through a LAN, which is provided with an address translation table storing external VPIs, internal VPIs uniquely assigned to the LAN, and opposing MAC addresses for opposing converters in correspondence and a processing unit for performing control for transmitting, to the LAN, frames changed from the external VPI/VCIs of headers of cells from its ATM network to the internal VPI/VCIs by referring to the address translation table and having opposing MAC addresses corresponding to the internal VPI/VCIs attached, removing the opposing MAC addresses of frames received from the LAN by referring to the address translation table, and transmitting cells changed from internal VPI/VCIs to external VPI/VCIs to its ATM network.
|
['H04L1256' 'H04L1228']
|
abstract
|
11,248,159
|
[invention] Good project management is an important factor to the success of a project. A project may be thought of as a collection of activities and tasks designed to achieve a specific goal of the organization, with specific performance or quality requirements while meeting any subject time and cost constraints. Project management refers to managing the activities that lead to the successful completion of a project. Project management focuses on finite deadlines and objectives. A number of tools may be used to assist with project management and assessment. One of the more commonly used software packages for project schedule management is Microsoft Project. Microsoft Project allows for task data, such as duration, start date, finish date, and resources to be entered. As the project advances, information on actual performance may be entered, as well as information may be developed and presented concerning the performance of the project to date. Importantly, the cost of information processing not only includes the cost of computer hardware and software, but perhaps even more significantly, the cost of human resources devoted to gathering and processing information using computer systems. Improvements to the usability of computer hardware and software reduce the cost of human resources associated with information processing, either by reducing the amount of time directly devoted to a particular task by a human operator (user), or by reducing the level of training required of a user in order to achieve proficiency in performing the task. Continued progress of the information revolution requires still further improvements to the usability of computer systems. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) have become standard user interfaces for a variety of software applications, including project planning software. Among the standard features of such GUIs are selectable icons for performing an action, such as toolbars, pull-down menus, and the like which offer selections to the user. A common characteristic of all these is that the user may select one action from among multiple actions offered using a pointing-device or similar input, without having to type in the name of an action. In theory, this frees the user from the need to remember commands or other selection identifiers. Generic GUI interfaces are adequate for many applications where the number of tasks that a user must perform are few and the type of application is limited in scope. However, where complexity increases, even the “prompting” provided by GUI interfaces may be inadequate. This is particularly true in the case of processes which involve contributions from a set of multiple individuals, where each individual or group of individuals in the set supports a different part of the overall process. The set may be, for example, all the employees in a particular commercial enterprise, or, for a large enterprise, would more typically be a subset of the employees involved in some particular project or aspect of the company's business which shares common data. Where different individuals in a set use common data to support some process or processes, there is a tendency to employ a software interface broad enough to cover all individuals in the set. Such a generic GUI will have toolbars, menus, and other task selections sufficient to cover the requirements of all individuals. However, most if not all of the individual users use only a portion of the array of task selections available. Therefore, any particular user is typically presented with a large number of task selections which he does not use, although other users may need those selections. This makes the number of selections unduly large, and creates confusion and annoyance among the users. In order to reduce the apparent complexity, some software designers combine different but related task selections into a single generic selection, which may be followed by a menu of options. However, this also has possible adverse ramifications, as the users might have difficulty understanding the correct generic task designation required to reach the actions they want, and the requirement of an options menu may slow user input. Another problem encountered with such generic GUIs is that individual user groups within the set of users may have specialized vocabulary for identifying particular tasks, so that the generic language used to identify a task selection may be difficult for some users to understand. It is possible to address the problems mentioned above by writing customized software applications for each group of users, or by writing a single customized software application which treats each user group differently and presents different user interfaces, involving different selections, to each group of users. Writing such customized software may consume enormous programming resources. There is, therefore, a need for an improved data processing system for managing a project.
|
['H04L900']
|
background
|
11,233,396
|
[summary] A non-volatile programmable memory cell suitable for use in a programmable logic array includes a non-volatile MOS transistor in series with a volatile MOS transistor. The non-volatile MOS transistor may be a floating gate transistor, such as a flash transistor, or may be another type of non-volatile transistor such as a floating charge-trapping SONOS, MONOS transistor, or a nano-crystal transistor. A volatile MOS transistor, an inverter, or a buffer may be driven by coupling its gate or input to the common connection between the non-volatile MOS transistor and the volatile MOS transistor. According to one aspect of the invention, a non-volatile n-channel MOS pulldown transistor is placed in series with a p-channel MOS pullup transistor. An n-channel MOS transistor has its gate coupled to the common connection between the non-volatile n-channel MOS pulldown transistor and the p-channel MOS pullup transistor. In a variation of this arrangement, an inverter or buffer may have its input coupled to the common connection between the non-volatile n-channel MOS pulldown transistor and the p-channel MOS pullup transistor. According to another aspect of the invention, a non-volatile p-channel MOS pullup transistor is placed in series with a n-channel MOS pulldown transistor. An n-channel MOS transistor has its gate coupled to the common connection between the non-volatile p-channel MOS pullup transistor and the n-channel MOS pulldown transistor. In a variation of this arrangement, an inverter or buffer may have its input coupled to the common connection between the non-volatile p-channel MOS pullup transistor and the n-channel MOS pulldown transistor.
|
['G11C1400']
|
summary
|
12,353,498
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a control apparatus, a signal transmission method and a computer program product for the control apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a control apparatus capable of directly transmitting an Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) report, a signal transmission method and a computer program product for the control apparatus. 2. Descriptions of the Related Art With the advancement of science and technology and the development of the IT industry, computers and networks have become indispensable to everyday life. For example, people have been accustomed to processing various data using the Internet on computers to search for information, shop and exchange data. Over recent years, wireless networks, which eliminate the need of physical network wiring and feature high mobility, have been set up. For example, the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) wireless network, which is currently experiencing the most rapid development, has already been able to support wireless Internet connection under high-speed mobile conditions and further support voice service. In a wireless network, mobile phones or notebook type computers may be viewed as mobile apparatuses or mobile stations. When attempting to access a particular service (i.e., to browse a webpage) from the wireless network, the mobile station sends a request for establishing a wireless connection to the target webpage to the corresponding base station. Because data transmission between the mobile station and the base station does not occur continuously during webpage browsing, the mobile station may enter into an idle mode to save power when data transmission is not going on therebetween. In addition, because the population of network users has rapidly increased, the usage of network bandwidth and addresses has also significantly increased. To solve this problem, wireless network service providers and wireless network equipment manufacturers have proposed the concept of “multicast”, which is intended to reduce the usage of the network bandwidth. For example, when a plurality of users connected to different base stations are attempting to access CTV (China Television Company) program data via the wireless network, the solution of the prior art transmits the CTV program data through unicast to each of the base stations through a one-to-one correspondence, which then forwards the data to each of the users respectively. However, with the multicast method, users who attempt to access the CTV program data via the wireless network will be viewed as a single group, of which members belonging to the same group are all allowed to receive data representing the group network address. Then, the CTV program data may be transmitted to the users through the multicast at the same time. Thus, through multicast, data can be transmitted to a plurality of users at the same time, resulting in a substantial decrease in the usage of the network bandwidth and addresses. To deploy a wireless network provided with both a multicast function and an idle mode, an IGMP framework needs to be incorporated in the wireless network to provide the multicast function. FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless network 1 incorporating the IGMP framework, which comprises a multicast system 11 and a plurality of mobile stations 13 , 15 , 17 , 19 . The multicast system 11 is configured to store a multicast group list, which lists multicast groups currently existing in the wireless network 1 . For example, if there are two kinds of data that are being transmitted in the wireless network, such as the CTV program data (not shown) and CTS (China Television System) program data (not shown), the two multicast groups will be recorded in the multicast group list. That is, one of the multicast groups is set to an Internet Protocol (IP) address that transmits the CTV program data, while the other is set to another IP address that transmits the CTS program data. According to the multicast group list, the multicast system 11 periodically broadcasts an IGMP query signal 110 incorporating the IP address that transmits the CTV program data and an IGMP query signal 112 incorporating the IP address that transmits the CTS program data. Upon receiving the IGMP query signal 110 and the IGMP query signal 112 , each of the mobile stations 13 , 15 , 17 , 19 determines which multicast group it belongs to according to the IP addresses incorporated in the IGMP query signal 110 and the IGMP query signal 112 . More specifically, if the mobile stations 13 , 15 only desire to receive the CTV program data, they may join the multicast group corresponding to the CTV program; on the other hand, if the mobile station 17 only desires to receive the CTS program data, it may join the multicast group corresponding to the CTS program. Furthermore, if the mobile station 19 desire to receive both the CTV program data and the CTS program data, it may join both multicast groups corresponding to the CTV and CTS programs. When the mobile stations 13 , 15 , 17 , 19 receive the IGMP query signal 110 and the IGMP query signal 112 respectively, the mobile stations 13 , 15 return an IGMP report signal 130 and an IGMP report signal 150 respectively in response to the IGMP query signal 110 to inform the multicast system 11 that they still need to receive the CTV program data. The mobile station 17 then returns an IGMP report signal 170 in response to the IGMP query signal 112 to inform the multicast system 11 that it still needs to receive the CTS program data. The mobile station 19 then returns an IGMP report signal 190 and an IGMP report signal 192 in response to the IGMP query signal 110 and the IGMP query signal 120 respectively to inform the multicast system 11 that it still needs to receive both the CTV program data and the CTS program data. In this way, the multicast system 11 of the wireless network 1 is able to accomplish the multicast function successfully. After receiving an IGMP query signal
|
['H04H2071']
|
background
|
12,059,159
|
[invention] Conventional fuel cells use hydrogen-rich fuel (e.g. methanol) and oxygen fuel to undergo electrochemical reaction and supply electric power. This type of fuel cell must have a sophisticated balance of plant (BOP) system to control the operating conditions for the electrochemical reaction and for process control. Moreover, when the fuel cell is used in a situation where the load change is more drastic, a sophisticated power management system in addition to the BOP system for operating condition control is needed to support the secondary cells in power allocation. Thus conventional fuel cell power supply systems integrated with secondary cells not only pose control challenge. The requirement for a sophisticated BOP system or power management system could also jack up the cost of the power supply system. In light of the drawbacks of conventional fuel cells, the inventor aims to develop fuel cell power supply system integrated with rechargeable batteries.
|
['H02J700']
|
background
|
11,627,553
|
METHOD TO HEAT OR COOL VEHICLE BATTERY AND PASSENGER COMPARTMENTS [SEP] [abstract] A battery heater/cooler increases mileage, comfort and/or safety in a conventional, electric or hybrid electric vehicle. An enclosure around the battery or batteries includes an inlet for heated or cooled air or liquid and an outlet to facilitate the transfer of heated or cooled air into a passenger compartment. A second battery unit may be used in conjunction with a timer or a remote controlled device to pre-heat or pre-cool itself and the primary battery or batteries and/or passenger compartment before commute times.
|
['F25B2900' 'F24J200' 'H05B100' 'H02J700']
|
abstract
|
12,263,877
|
[claim] 1. Surface mount crimp terminal for connection to an insulated conductor having a predetermined substantially uniform external cross-sectional dimension, comprising a generally flat deformable conductive member configured to have a generally uniform U-shaped cross-section to define a wire-receiving channel having a bottom wall, suitable for attachment to a land or pad on a printed circuit board and providing a generally flat surface area suitable for cooperation with a vacuum nozzle of a pick-and-place machine, and a pair of spaced substantially parallel side walls, for receiving a length of an insulated conductor between said side walls through an open side opposing said bottom wall, said side walls being spaced from each other a distance substantially equal to the external cross-sectional dimension of the insulated conductor; said side walls being capable of being crimped or bent inwardly towards each other and towards said bottom wall to at least partially close or reduce the dimensions of said open side to urge and maintain mechanical and electrical contact with a conductor within said channel. 2. A terminal as defined in claim 1, further comprising insulation piercing means within said channel for piercing insulation on an insulated conductor positioned between said side walls upon application of a force applied urging the insulated conductor into said channel towards said bottom wall. 3. A terminal as defined in claim 1, wherein said insulation piercing means comprises at least one spike projecting from said bottom wall towards said open side. 4. A terminal as defined in claim 1, further comprising holding means for holding the conductor within said channel prior to crimping. 5. A terminal as defined in claim 4, wherein said holding means comprises protuberance means on at least one side wall projecting into said channel to create an interference fit with the conductor when at least partially inserted into said channel. 6. A terminal as defined in claim 2, wherein said at least one spike is die-cut from said bottom wall and bent in the direction of said open side, leaving cut-outs for receiving solder. 7. Method of securing an insulated conductor to a PCB by means of a surface mount insulation terminal for connection to an insulated conductor having a predetermined substantially uniform external cross-sectional dimension, comprising a generally flat deformable conductive member configured to have a generally uniform U-shaped cross-section to define a wire-receiving channel having a bottom wall, suitable for attachment to a land or pad on a printed circuit board, and a pair of spaced substantially parallel side walls, for receiving a length of an insulated conductor between said side walls through an open side opposing said bottom wall, said side walls being spaced from each other a distance substantially equal to the external cross-sectional dimension of the insulated conductor, said side walls being capable of being crimped or bent inwardly towards each other and towards said bottom wall to at least partially close or reduce the dimensions of said open side to urge and maintain a pierced insulated conductor within said channel, the method comprising the steps of positioning said bottom wall on a land or pad of a PCB; mechanically attaching the terminal to the land or pad; inserting a length of an insulated conductor at least partially into said channel; and crimping the terminal by deforming said side walls towards each other and towards said bottom wall to further urge the insulated conductor into said insulation piercing means and at least partially closing or reducing the dimensions of said open side to urge and maintain a pierced insulated conductor within said channel. 8. Method as defined in claim 7, further comprising the step of displacing the insulation of the conductor with insulation piercing means within said channel for piercing insulation on an insulated conductor positioned between said side walls upon application of a force applied urging the insulated conductor into said channel towards said bottom wall. 9. Method as defined in claim 7, further comprising the step of holding the conductor in said channel prior to crimping. 10. Method as defined in claim 9, wherein said holding step comprises providing an interference fit within said channel whereby insertion of the conductor into said channel creates a press-fit temporarily holding the conductor in said channel during crimping. 11. A crimping tool for comprising a surface mount insulation terminal for connection to an insulated conductor having a predetermined substantially uniform external cross-sectional dimension, comprising a generally flat deformable conductive member configured to have a generally uniform U-shaped cross-section to define a wire-receiving channel having a bottom wall, suitable for attachment to a land or pad on a printed circuit board, and a pair of spaced substantially parallel side walls, for receiving a length of an insulated conductor between said side walls through an open side opposing said bottom wall, said side walls being spaced from each other a distance substantially equal to the external cross-sectional dimension of the insulated conductor; insulation piercing means within said channel for piercing insulation on an insulated conductor positioned between said side walls upon application of a force applied urging the insulated conductor into said channel towards said bottom wall, said side walls being capable of being crimped or bent inwardly towards each other and towards said bottom wall to at least partially close or reduce the dimensions of said open side to urge and maintain a pierced insulated conductor within said channel, the crimping tool comprises a movable block capable of being aligned with and applying a pressure on said side walls, said block having a recess having a width substantially equal to the spacing between said side walls for initially receiving said side walls within said recess when the crimping tool is positioned at a predetermined height above said bottom wall and said recess exhibiting gradually decreasing width interacting with said side walls as said height is gradually decreased below said predetermined height; and pressure applying means for selectively applying pressure on said crimping tool to crimp said side walls to urge and maintain
|
['H01R1358' 'H01R424' 'H01R43042']
|
claim
|
11,057,925
|
[summary] These and other needs are addressed by the various embodiments and configurations of the present invention. The present invention is generally directed to a geographically distributed contact center, with the ACD logic being located in the agent domain and ACD-controlled contact processing computational components, such as port networks and gateways, being located in the caller domain. As used herein, “agent domain” refers to a geographic region in which the agents and their corresponding communication devices are located while the “caller or contactor domain” refers to a geographic region different from (and not overlapping) the agent domain in which the third party callers/contactors and their corresponding communication devices are located. Typically, the agent domain is located in a first country while the caller/contactors domain is located in a second different country. In a first embodiment of the present invention, a method for processing a contact from a contactor includes the steps of: (a) a computational component (such as a gateway or port network) receiving an incoming contact (which may be any type of real-time or near real-time packet switched or circuit switched communication such as a live voice, video and/or text communication) from a contactor; (b) the computational component setting up and parking the incoming contact; (c) the computational component signaling a media server regarding the existence of the incoming contact, wherein the media server currently controls the computational component, the media server is in communication with a plurality of agent communication devices, the media server is located in the agent domain, and the computational component is located in the contactor domain; (d) while the contact is physically located at the computational component, the media server assigning to the contact a queue position in a logical work item queue; and (e) when the assigned queue position has advanced to a selected queue position, transferring the contact from the computational component to the media server for servicing by an agent associated with one or more of the agent communication devices. The contact center can be not only a single-site but also a multi-site contact center. In the latter configuration, the contact center includes a number of media servers, each serving a corresponding number of agent communication devices and being located in different agent domains (or being collocated with the agent communication devices and agents), and a number of contact processing computational components, typically port networks and/or media gateways, located in the contactor domain. The computational components are collocated and typically interconnected by a circuit-switched line for ease of transferring contacts from one computational component to another contact processing computational component. As used herein, “collocated” refers to the computational components being located in close physical proximity to one another, such as being located in a common structure or building, in a common enclosure, or in a common cabinet, and/or being interconnected by a Local Area Network or LAN. A “LAN” refers to a network connecting several computers that are located on a user's premises within a limited, moderately sized geographical (e.g., located nearby one another such as in the one or more rooms or within one or more buildings), allowing them to share files and devices, such as printers and databases. LANs typically do not use store-and-forward techniques. Examples of protocols used by LANs include the Ethernet and Token Ring protocols. The contact processing computational component and controlling media server can be connected by a Wide Area Network or WAN. As used herein, a WAN refers to a network that interconnects computing resources that are widely separated geographically (usually over 100 km), such as a network spanning a town, city, state, and/or country. A WAN commonly spans an area greater than five miles. The Internet is a set of interconnected WANs. WANs typically utilize protocols such as the TCP/IP suite of protocols, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) protocol, and the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). Unlike a LAN, a WAN, due to limited available bandwidth, typically uses compressed voice, music, and/or video information. In one contact center configuration, not only the ACD logic but also agent state information and logical call queues are maintained in the agent domain while the audible feedback and physical call queues are located in the caller domain. Contrary to the prior art practice of remoting of port networks and gateways in the agent domain with the ACD logic being located in the caller domain, this configuration does the opposite when a call is delivered to the ACD logic, the call is terminated to an endpoint on the remote gateway/port network in the caller domain and receives audible feedback from a feedback device, such as an announcement circuit or tone generator, on the remote gateway/port network in the caller domain. Concurrently, the call is logically queued in the ACD logic in the agent domain. The call is delivered to an agent over the IP link in the WAN when the agent becomes available. In large multi-site configurations with multiple geographically separated agent domains, ACD logic in each agent domain maintains their respective physical call queues in the caller domain. Additionally, all port networks/gateways in the caller domain are collocated and networked by means of inexpensive direct circuit-switched connections. This complex of port-networks/gateways in the caller domain forms a global call queue for the contact center. When calls need to be offloaded or redirected from one agent domain to another, the calls are redirected from one port network/gateway to another over the inexpensive, high-capacity, direct circuit-switched connections in the global call queue. The present invention can have a number of advantages. It can eliminate the problems of mass re-registration of agent IP stations across the WAN, bandwidth consumption caused by playing audible feedback across the WAN to enqueued callers, rerouting of calls between agent domains across highly expensive circuit-switched connections, the loss of voice quality due to double or higher compression, and the high costs, contact center inefficiencies, high rates of processing resource consumption, glare, and labor intensiveness of placing ACD logic in both the agent and caller domains. These
|
['H04M300' 'H04M500' 'H04L1266']
|
summary
|
12,562,419
|
[invention] The invention relates generally to semiconductor device fabrication and, in particular, to transistors, device structures incorporating transistors, methods of fabricating transistors, and design structures for a transistor. Integrated circuits may include multiple field effect transistors fabricated using a bulk wafer of semiconductor material or the device layer of a semiconductor-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. Field effect transistors of planar device architecture have source region and drain regions defined in the semiconductor material of the bulk wafer of the device layer of the SOI wafer. The source and drain regions are separated by a channel region of opposite conductivity type. Charge carriers flow across the channel region under control of a voltage applied to a gate electrode. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, which is the prevailing technology used in integrated circuit fabrication, integrates two distinct varieties of field effect transistors known as “n-channel” and “p-channel”. Electron transport is responsible for carrier flow and output current in n-channel MOS field effect transistors. Hole transport is responsible for carrier flow and output current in p-channel MOS field effect transistors. Improved transistor device structures, improved methods for fabricating transistors, and improved transistor design structures are needed.
|
['H01L29786' 'H01L21336' 'G06F1750']
|
background
|
12,008,769
|
Signal converter having compensation unit [SEP] [abstract] A signal converter includes a signal converting unit and a compensation unit. The signal converting unit generates intermediate differential signals at intermediate nodes in response to a single-ended signal. The compensation unit generates compensated differential signals at output nodes by minimizing phase and amplitude mismatch errors between the intermediate differential signals. The compensation unit includes a pair of transistors and a pair of capacitors configured in symmetry between the intermediate and output nodes. The signal converter of the present invention may be used to particular advantage in an RF receiver.
|
['H03F304']
|
abstract
|
11,826,006
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a photo recommendation method using a mood of music and a system thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a photo recommendation method and a system using the method, which recommend a photo using information of a mood of music, a photo color, and photo categorization after searching for an associated photo using a music title and lyrics. 2. Description of Related Art Currently, a sound source player such as an MP3 player generally tends to provide visual information, such as lyrics, with a service of playing a sound source of the MP3. In case of a digital camera, the digital camera provides a function of taking a picture of an object, and also provides a function displaying the taken photo in a various forms. Also, multimedia devices having multiple functions, such as the MP3 player function and a digital camera function, are gradually being popularized. Currently, a method which can simultaneously use the various function of the multimedia devices are required, i.e. a user simultaneously uses a function of the digital camera while listening to the sound source, played via the multimedia device. However, current techniques of using the various functions of the multimedia devices are at unsatisfactory levels since currently the user may only visualize an equalizer in form of a moving picture while listening to the sound source of the music. A photo-music association recommendation method using the multi media devices according to a related art has a search function which searches for image data having a high association with music data, using meta data of music data, and meta data of photo data. As an example, when a genre of the music data is a dance music, and when lyrics of the music data relates to break-up, and if a photo associated with Christmas is provided to a user, since the music data is the dance music, matching between the photo and the music is not properly performed. As described above, the photo-music association recommendation method using the multi media devices according to the related art has a disadvantage in that, the image data having a high association with the music data may not be accurately retrieved by using the meta data. A music recommendation method using photo information according to a related art has problems in that, music may not be variously recommended by using photo color information, and a music recommendation function, having music being recommended from a location photo, is so limited. Also, the music recommendation method using photo information according to a related art has a problem in that, the same music may be recommended since photos having contrasting atmospheres may be categorized into a similar photo group. Also, the music recommendation method using photo information according to a related art has a problem in that, a photo and music having opposite atmospheres may be recommended since there is less association between a photo categorized according to color information and music categorized according to beat information.
|
['G10H700']
|
background
|
12,162,831
|
[summary] The basic object of the present invention is to provide a wheel suspension for a motor vehicle, which has the advantages of mutually intersecting control arms but avoids the drawbacks of such an arrangement of the control arms and leads, in particular, to slight changes in the king pin angle and to a reduced tendency of the vehicle body to roll during the inward excursion of a vehicle wheel. To accomplish the object described above, according to the present invention, a wheel suspension for a motor vehicle with a vehicle wheel, which is attached to a wheel carrier, is perfected by providing the wheel carrier connected to the vehicle body via at least two control arms, which are arranged at spaced locations from one another and extend in a mutually intersecting arrangement, such that the wheel suspension has a rotary control arm, which forms a connection by means of a coupling member between the vehicle body-side end of the first control arm and the wheel carrier and/or the wheel carrier-side end of the second control arm. An inward deflection component, which increases driving safety, because it counteracts the lifting off of the vehicle wheel from the road surface, is now generated by a lateral force acting on the wheel of the vehicle. The mutually intersecting control arms have an arrangement in space which, projected onto a common plane, shows a mutually intersecting shape when viewed from a direction of view at right angles to that plane. The rolling motions of the vehicle body during driving in a curve are not fully eliminated with a solution according to the present invention, but they are at least reduced very substantially. The prior-art drawbacks already mentioned in the introduction, which occur in wheel suspensions with intersecting control arms, such as losses concerning driving safety and comfort, are avoided with the present invention. A wheel suspension is made available, which leads to a passive adjustment of the kinematic point of the vehicle body-side connection point of one of the control arms of the wheel suspension. Consequently, the body-side connection point of the first control arm of the wheel suspension is not fastened directly to the vehicle body, i.e., for example to the subframe or to the chassis, but to a rotary control arm, which in turn establishes a connection to the wheel carrier via a coupling member. A very essential advantage of the present invention is especially that besides the reduction of the tendency of the vehicle body to roll, it is possible to eliminate altogether the stabilizer, which is usually necessary in single-wheel suspensions to connect the two mutually opposite wheel sides in order to achieve, for example, stabilization of the vehicle body during driving in curves, which was mentioned in the introduction. Thus, a cost-intensive component can be eliminated, which reduces the manufacturing costs of a wheel suspension according to the present invention as a whole. The elimination of the stabilizer necessary in usual single-wheel suspensions also leads, of course, to considerable reductions in the weight of the motor vehicle with the advantages resulting therefrom. The reduction or elimination of the king pin angle of the vehicle wheels leads to a decisively reduced risk in extreme driving situations. Moreover, disturbing effects, which may develop during straight-line driving on uneven road surfaces due to changes in the king pin angle and the track width, can be avoided. The contact surface between the vehicle tire and the road surface is optimized in such a design. This in turn leads to improved static friction and hence to an increase in the driving safety of the vehicle. According to a very simple embodiment variant of the present invention, the rotary control arm may be a wishbone having three connection points. A complicated mechanism for connecting the control arms is avoided due to the use of such a wishbone. A rocker pendulum may be used as a coupling member. Another highly advantageous variant of the present invention can be seen in the use of a plurality of coupling members, which together form a deflecting linkage. The changes in the king pin angle at the vehicle wheel can be nearly completely eliminated with such a design. The vehicle wheel thus has an optimal contact with the road surface at any time and even in extreme situations and thus it increases the safety of the vehicle as a whole. Since the individual coupling members of the deflecting linkage must be connected movably to one another, it is advantageous if suitable joints are used here. A sufficient selection of joints is available in the state of the art. Joints, such as ball sleeve joints, rotary slide bearings, sleeve-type rubber springs or other elastomer bearings shall be mentioned as examples only. The joints have one degree of freedom or two degrees of freedom. Just as articulated connections are provided in the deflecting linkages, it is meaningful to also connect the rotary control arms to the vehicle body in an articulated manner. This also applies to the second control arm, which should be connected to the vehicle body on the vehicle body side via a joint. Wishbones of a conventional design can be advantageously used as control arms for a wheel suspension in a solution according to the present invention. The wheel suspension presented is an single-wheel suspension, which is designed as a multiple control arm. The present invention will be explained in more detail below on the basis of the drawings attached. The exemplary embodiments shown do not represent any limitation to the variants being shown, but are used only to explain some principles of wheel suspensions according to the present invention. Identical components or very similar components are designated by the same reference numbers. To make it possible to illustrate the mode of action according to the present invention, the figures show only highly simplified schematic views, in which components that are not essential for the present invention, such as springs, absorbers and other wheel suspension components, are not shown.
|
['B60G318' 'B60G326' 'B60G700']
|
summary
|
11,645,234
|
[invention] 1. Technical Field The present invention relates to load bearing structures. In particular, the present invention relates to multiple layer load bearing structures. 2. Background Information People spend a significant number of hours sitting each day. Regardless of the task being performed, or the leisure activity being pursued, support structures that properly support the body not only make the individual more comfortable, but may also provide significant health benefits. For this reason, extensive research and development has occurred and continues to occur into support structures for chairs, mattresses, and so forth. In the past, for example, bed systems have encompassed a wide range of designs, ranging from simple cushions to complex arrangements of individual bearing elements. These past designs have been successful to varying degrees, but do not always provide the appropriate level of support for each part of the body. Thus, while some progress has been made in providing ergonomic body support structures, there remains a need for improved support structures that provide excellent fit and comfort, as well as healthy support for the body, across a wide range of individual body types.
|
['A47C2700']
|
background
|
11,485,990
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to radio apparatus, and it particularly relates to a radio apparatus using multiple subcarriers. 2. Description of the Related Art An OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation scheme is one of multicarrier communication schemes that can realize the high-speed data transmission and are robust in the multipath environment. This OFDM modulation scheme has been applied to the wireless standards such as IEEE802.11a/g and HIPERLAN/2. The burst signals in such a wireless LAN are generally transferred via a time-varying channel environment and are also subject to the effect of frequency selective fading. Hence, a receiving apparatus generally carries out the channel estimation dynamically. In order for the receiving apparatus to carry out the channel estimation, two kinds of known signals are provided within a burst signal. One is the known signal, provided for all carries in the beginning of the burst signal, which is the so-called preamble or training signal. The other one is the known signal, provided for part of carriers in the data area of the burst signal, which is the so-called pilot signal (See Reference (1) in the following Related Art List, for instance). Related Art List (1) Sinem Coleri, Mustafa Ergen, Anuj Puri and Ahmad Bahai, “Channel Estimation Techniques Based on Pilot Arrangement in OFDM Systems”, IEEE Transactions on broadcasting , vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 223-229, September 2002. In wireless communications, adaptive array antenna technology is one of the technologies to realize the effective utilization of frequency resources. In adaptive array antenna technology, the directional patterns of antennas are controlled by controlling the amplitude and phase of signals, to be processed, in a plurality of antennas, respectively. One of techniques to realize higher data transmission rates by using such an adaptive array antenna technology is the MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) system. In this MIMO system, a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus are each equipped with a plurality of antennas, and packet signals to be transmitted in parallel are set (hereinafter, each of data to be transmitted in parallel in a packet signal is called “stream”). That is, streams up to the maximum number of antennas are set for the communications between the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus so as to improve the data transmission rates. Moreover, combining this MIMO system with the OFDM modulation scheme results in a higher data transmission rate. For the purpose of enhancing the transmission efficiency in this MIMO system, the data signals to be transmitted respectively in a plurality of packets are aggregated into a single packet. In so doing, the control signals are appended to the respective data signals. In other words, a plurality of combinations of control signals and data signals are contained in the packet signals. It is generally the case that the number of subcarries necessary for transmitting the control signal is smaller than the number of subcarriers necessary for transmitting the data signal. Accordingly, if the number of subcarriers used for the transmission of the control signal differs from that used for the transmission of the data signal, the signal strength varies periodically at the time of transmitting packets. That is, the signal strength is attenuated in part of the control signal. When such a fluctuation as this occurs, the signals received by the receiving apparatus also varies. As a result, the power of estimated channel characteristics do not match the power of control signals and thereby the receiving characteristics may possibly deteriorate as will be discussed. In a MIMO system like this, it is generally the case that the number of subcarries necessary for transmitting the control signal is smaller than the number of subcarriers necessary for transmitting the data signal. The number of subcarriers in the known signal for use in estimating the channel characteristics is made equal to the number of subcarriers in the data signal. If the number of subcarriers used for the transmission of the control signal differs from that used for the transmission of the known signal, the power of estimated channel characteristics do not correspond to the power of control signals and thereby the receiving characteristics may possibly deteriorate as will be discussed.
|
['H04K110' 'H04L102']
|
background
|
12,456,609
|
[claim] 1. A circulating water washing system toilet configured to clarify soil water containing human wastes after having washed a toilet bowl and reuse the same as wash water, comprising: a clarification treatment apparatus configured to decompose the soil water discharged from the toilet bowl independently from a toilet bowl main body portion, the clarification treatment apparatus including a soil water storage tank configured to temporarily store the soil water, a first pump configured to pump up and deliver the soil water in the soil water storage tank, a reaction treatment tower having filter elements as a microorganism carrier configured to perform a biological treatment while dispersing the soil water delivered by the first pump on the filter elements and filtering the same, a water storage tank configured to receive and store water passing through the reaction treatment tower, and a second pump configured to pump up and deliver the water in the water storage tank as the wash water. 2. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 1, wherein the reaction treatment tower includes a plurality of guide cylinders formed into a funnel shape of a truncated cone with a large-diameter side oriented upward and combined by being stacked one on top of another so as to place a lower opening on a small-diameter side of the upper guide cylinder inside an upper opening on the large-diameter side of the lower guide cylinder at a distance from each other, and the filter elements comprise natural wood chips as the microorganism carrier, the natural wood chips being contained in the interior of the reaction treatment tower in the interior thereof. 3. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 2, wherein a water delivery pipe from the first pump is drawn into an interior of the guide cylinder on an topmost layer, and a water dispersing apparatus is provided at a port end portion of the water delivery pipe for dispersing the delivered soil water onto the filter elements. 4. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 3, wherein the water dispersing apparatus includes a water dispersing pipe member rotatably connected to the port end portion of the downwardly bent water delivery pipe, the water dispersing pipe member including nozzle members projecting radially outward from different positions thereof with respect to the circumferential direction thereof, the nozzle member having a nozzle port on a lower surface thereof, the water dispersing pipe member being connected to a handle for a rotating operation provided out of the tower via a rotation transmitter, and the directions of projection of the nozzle members are changeable by the rotating operation of the handle. 5. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 1, wherein the system is configured so that the first pump is activated when the quantity of the soil water in the soil water storage tank reaches and exceeds a certain quantity and pumps up and delivers the soil water. 6. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 1, wherein the first pump includes a stirring device configured to break a solid component in the soil water in the vicinity of a suction port. 7. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 5, wherein the first pump includes the stirring device configured to break the solid component in the soil water in the vicinity of the suction port. 8. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 1, wherein the soil water storage tank includes a screen configured to remove foreign substances arranged on the incoming side of the soil water from the toilet bowl. 9. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 5, wherein the soil water storage tank includes the screen configured to remove the foreign substances arranged on the incoming side of the soil water from the toilet bowl. 10. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 6, wherein the soil water storage tank includes the screen configured to remove the foreign substances arranged on the incoming side of the soil water from the toilet bowl. 11. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 1, wherein the first pump includes a cylindrical casing provided in the soil water storage tank so as to extend vertically downward from a ceiling portion of the soil water storage tank to a position in the vicinity of a bottom portion thereof and opened at a lower end thereof as the suction port, a rotating shaft connected rotatably by a drive unit installed in the cylindrical casing at the ceiling portion, a helical blade for pumping-up operation provided on the rotating shaft on the lower side in the cylindrical casing, and a soil water delivery pipe connected to a discharge port formed at part of the cylindrical casing on the upper side and configured to allow delivery of water to the reaction treatment tower. 12. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 11, wherein the stirring member configured to crush the solid component sucked from the lower end opening of the cylindrical casing is provided at a lower end portion of the rotating shaft of the first pump. 13. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 12, wherein the soil water storage tank includes the screen configured to remove the foreign substances arranged on the incoming side of the soil water from the toilet bowl. 14. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 1, wherein the toilet bowl main body portion and the clarification treatment apparatus are installed on a base with casters so as to be movable. 15. The circulating water washing system toilet according to claim 11, wherein the toilet bowl main body portion and the clarification treatment apparatus are installed on the base with the casters so as to be movable.
|
['E03D5016' 'C02F312']
|
claim
|
12,366,286
|
[summary] It is therefore an object of embodiments herein to handle and/or to enable the detection of missed downlink assignments. Embodiments herein disclose a method in a first communication device for receiving control information and data over a radio channel from a second communication device. The first communication device receives at least part of a subframe over the radio channel and detects whether the subframe is a subframe with a downlink assignment intended for the first communication device. That being the case, the first communication device determines whether at least one downlink assignment for data being sent from the second communication device before the subframe has been missed by analysing an indicator associated to the subframe. The indicator providing knowledge about previous downlink subframes with downlink assignments intended for the first communication device, for example, to providing information indicating number of previous subframes with downlink assignment intended for the first communication device. Furthermore, the first communication device may also decode data within the subframe but if the first communication device detects that a previous subframe has been missed (or that a previous subframe has failed to decode) it may not need to attempt decoding since the first communication device knows that the response to be generated is a NAK or not respond at all, Discontinuous Transmission DTX. In order to perform the method a first communication device is provided for receiving control information and data over a radio channel from a second communication device. The first communication device comprises a receiving arrangement 103 adapted to receive a subframe of a radio frame, and a control unit 101 arranged to determine whether the subframe is a subframe with downlink assignment intended for the first communication device That being the case, the control unit 101 is further arranged to determine whether any downlink assignment for data, that has been scheduled in and sent from the second communication device previous the subframe, has been missed by analysing an indicator associated to the subframe. The indicator is arranged to provide knowledge of previous subframe with downlink assignments intended for the first communication device. Some embodiments disclose a method in a second communication device for transmitting control information and data over a radio channel to a first communication device in a subframe with a downlink assignment intended for the first communication device. The second communication device adds an indicator to the subframe providing knowledge about previous subframes with a downlink assignment intended for the first communication device in the control information, and transmits the control information and data with the subframe to the first communication device. In order to perform the method a second communication device is provided for transmitting control information and data with a subframe comprising a downlink assignment intended for a first communication device of a radio frame over a radio channel to the first communication device. The second communication device comprises a control unit arranged to add an indicator to the subframe arranged to provide knowledge of previous subframes with a downlink assignment intended for the first communication device in the control information, and a transmitting arrangement arranged to transmit the control information and data with the subframe to the first communication device. If the first communication device, for example, a (mobile) terminal, misses a downlink assignment sent within a set of downlink subframes associated with the same uplink subframe, referred to as the bundling window, it will notice this since the signalled downlink assignment in each downlink subframe comprises knowledge about assignments in previous subframes within the bundling window, i.e. the detection of missed downlink assignment is improved. And, in some embodiments, if the terminal selects the control channel resource associated with the last subframe with a detected assignment, it will in a way signal to the base station which was the last received DL subframe. In this way, the second communication device, for example, a base station, can detect if the terminal missed any assignments in the end, since the terminal will use the “wrong” resource, i.e. a resource not associated with what the base station knows was the last subframe with an assignment. Embodiments reduce the probability that in case a downlink assignment is missed the transmission is acknowledged as successfully received.
|
['H04W7212' 'H04J300']
|
summary
|
11,253,922
|
[summary] As previously indicated, the present invention is concerned with an aerobic process involving digestion and liquifaction of organic bodily waste material or dairy whey by aerobic bacteria naturally present in the material. The waste material is provided in the form of an aqueous slurry. One such feedstock is an aqueous slurry of pig manure. As previously stated, the waste material also contains solids, such as barley hulls, which are resistant to bacterial digestion. These solids are hereinafter referred to as ‘residual solids’. The process therefore further includes a separation step for recovering and removing residual solids. The process is carried out using a digester. The digester comprises vessel means forming separate digestion and solids recovery compartments. In operation, both compartments contain slurry. Means are provided for introducing the feed into the digestion compartment. First and second pipes extend between the compartments. The first pipe has its inlet positioned in the lower end of the solids recovery compartment. Preferably, the first pipe is upwardly slanted. Means are provided for injecting air under pressure into the inlet end of the first pipe bore. Slurry, present in the solids recovery compartment, is drawn into the inlet of the first pipe and mixes with the air as they move through the pipe bore. The resulting aerated slurry is discharged through the first pipe outlet in the form of a jet. The jet provides the motive force for inducing slurry in the digestion compartment to establish a generally vertical and circular flow. There is a relatively quiescent central core zone within the flow path. Non-digested residual solids tend to concentrate, under the influence of gravity, in the core zone. The second pipe has its inlet located in the core zone. The second pipe preferably is positioned above the first pipe and is downwardly slanted into the solids recovery compartment. Due to a difference in hydraulic head, slurry moves through the second pipe from the core zone into the solids recovery compartment. The residual solids have an affinity for air. Therefore the solids moving into the separation compartment tend to be attached to air and are buoyant. These aerated solids tend to float and collect at the upper end of the separation compartment. They may be removed therefrom by mechanical means, such as an auger or screw press. The slurry is retained in the vessel means for sufficient time to allow for digestion. During this period, the temperature in the digestion compartment rises as the bacteria multiply and process the organic matter to produce clarified metabolic water. This water tends to concentrate at the periphery of the circular flow, from whence it is removed and recovered.
|
['C02F322']
|
summary
|
11,114,789
|
[summary] In accordance with the present invention, apparatus, systems and methods are described to determine position of seismic seabed cables, both during deployment and as they rest on a seabed, and, in certain cases, towed seismic streamers, and methods, of using this information to correct raw seismic data. Also provided are apparatus, methods, and systems for determining sound velocity profile of a fluid. Apparatus, systems and methods of the invention reduce or overcome problems with previous positioning apparatus, systems and methods. Apparatus, systems and methods of the invention may be used to collect marine seismic data, for example 3-D and 4-D marine seismic data. A first aspect of the invention is an apparatus comprising: (a) at least two vessel hull-mounted transmitters, each adapted to generate a spread spectrum signal having an orthogonally encoded signal sequence; (b) a plurality of acoustic receivers adapted to be along or in one or more cables, the cable adapted to be in or traversing through the fluid with a vertical component, each receiver adapted to receive at least the spread spectrum signals; and (c) a calculation unit adapted to cross-correlate the spread spectrum signals detected by the receivers with the orthogonally encoded signal sequence of the spread spectrum signals, and adapted to use measured time differences between detection of the spread spectrum signals at each receiver and measure differences in arrival time between signals from the transmitters to each receiver to calculate distances between the receivers. Apparatus within this aspect of the invention, which may be termed a short-baseline (SBL) apparatus, include those wherein the transmitters are all positioned on the under side of a vessel hull, or bulb of the hull of vessel having a bulb. In certain embodiments three transmitters may be used. In other embodiments, only two transmitters are required, and depth of receivers in the Z coordinate may be obtained using pressure measuring devices, avoiding the need for a third or more transmitters. The transmitters may be stationed a known distance from a known or obtainable vessel reference point, for example on one or more substantially vertical members attached to the vessel and adapted to extend into the fluid. The members may be extendable/retractable poles, such as telescoping poles, or solid members. At least one of the transmitters may be used in a method to compute the sound velocity profile. Alternatively, the sound velocity profile may be previously known, or estimated using less accurate, previously known techniques, using velocity meters, salinity meters, temperature gages, and so forth. The transmitters may be adapted to generate spread spectrum signals at any frequency. In certain applications this frequency may range from about 500 to about 4000 Hz. The signals may be transmitted in response to a given command, which need not be scheduled at any given time; indeed they may be randomly transmitted. The transmitters may be controlled to deliver their spread spectrum signals in synchronized fashion relative to a given seismic event, and different orthogonal codes may be used for individual spread spectrum signals. The transmitters may be conventional underwater audio-acoustic transmitters. The principal requirement of the transmitters is that they should be capable of transmitting a signal which is sufficiently strong to be able to be received several kilometers from the transmitter and that the signals or codes which are transmitted also contain frequency components which lie within the frequency band which the receivers (hydrophones) are capable of detecting. The further apart the transmitters are placed the better the positioning resolution which is obtained. A second apparatus of the invention comprises: (a) an acoustic transmitter adapted to transmit an acoustic signal having a vertical component through a fluid; (b) a plurality of acoustic receivers adapted to be in or along one or more cables, the cable adapted to be in or traversing through the fluid with a vertical component; and (c) a calculation unit able to calculate a sound velocity profile of the fluid based on reception times of the signal at the receivers. Apparatus in accordance with this aspect of the invention may comprise a marine seismic streamer cable or seabed seismic cable capable of operating in a marine environment and including the plurality of acoustic seismic receivers spaced all along the cable, the receivers able to receive both seismic and non-seismic acoustic signals, and the cable may extend at a dip angle from vertical from a surface vessel to a substantial depth and then level out as a seismic marine steamer, or may extend to the seabed substantially at this dip angle and be deployed on the seabed, where the seabed can take any geometry. Alternatively, in some embodiments the cable may not be a seismic cable having seismic receivers, but receivers dedicated only to reception of acoustic signals from the transmitter. At least a portion of the cable may be changing depth in the fluid as the acoustic signal traverses the fluid. The receivers may be built in to the cable at known positions, or they may be attached to the cable at known intervals so that the exact distance between the receivers is known, at least in that portion of the cable descending from the tow vessel at an angle to horizontal. The receivers may be a part of an acoustic ranging network, where the receivers on the cable and receivers and transmitters on other cables are synchronized so that the transmission delay between a transmitter and a receiver may be measured. The transmitter may be attached to a vessel deploying a seismic cable, to another vessel such as a submersible vehicle in the water or on the seabed, or to some other spread component. The receivers may be capable of sending information about when the signal from the transmitter is received by each receiver to a microprocessor. The receivers may be of a combined type that can record both the low frequency seismic signals, and the higher frequency signals normally used for positioning purposes, or they may be dedicated to the positioning frequencies only. The microprocessor may include
|
['G01V138']
|
summary
|
11,234,310
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention is directed to compounds that provide for the enhanced and prolonged systemic blood concentrations of drugs that are incompletely translocated across the intestinal wall after oral delivery to animals. This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing and methods using such compounds. 2. State of the Art Incomplete or poor oral bioavailability of both existing and developmental stage therapeutic and/or prophylactic compounds represents a major impediment to effective pharmaceutical drug development. Though multiple factors influence the bioavailability of drugs (including solubility, dissolution rate, first-pass metabolism, p-glycoprotein and related efflux mechanisms, etc), low intestinal cell permeability is a particularly significant reason for the poor systemic absorption of many compounds. Compound uptake from the gut is significantly curtailed by the network of tight junctions formed by the intestinal epithelial cell layer, and the majority of drugs that are orally absorbed traverse this epithelial barrier by passive diffusion across the apical and basolateral membranes of these cells. The physicochemical features of a molecule that favor its passive uptake from the intestinal lumen into the systemic circulation include low molecular weight (e.g. <500 Da), adequate solubility, and a balance of hydrophobic and hydrophilic character (logP generally 1.5-4.0) (Navia and Chaturvedi, 1996). Polar or hydrophilic compounds are typically poorly absorbed through an animal's intestine as there is a substantial energetic penalty for passage of such compounds across the lipid bilayers that constitute cellular membranes. Many nutrients that result from the digestion of ingested foodstuffs in animals, such as amino acids, di- and tripeptides, monosaccharides, nucleosides and water-soluble vitamins, are polar compounds whose uptake is essential to the viability of the animal. For these substances there exist specific mechanisms for active transport of the solute molecules across the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelia. This transport is frequently energized by co-transport of ions down a concentration gradient. Solute transporter proteins are generally single sub-unit, multi-transmembrane spanning polypeptides, and upon binding of their substrates are believed to undergo conformational changes which result in movement of the substrate(s) across the membrane. Over the past 10-15 years, it has been found that a number of orally administered drugs are recognized as substrates by some of these transporter proteins, and that this active transport may largely account for the oral absorption of these molecules (Tsuji and Tamai, 1996). While in most instances the transporter substrate properties of these drugs were unanticipated discoveries made through retrospective analysis, it has been appreciated that, in principle, one might achieve good intestinal permeability for a drug by designing in recognition and uptake by a nutrient transport system. Incomplete bioavailability of drugs that, nevertheless, are orally delivered necessitates the administration of a larger dose of such drug to compensate for that amount of drug not delivered to the systemic blood circulation. Such larger doses of the drug, however, may result in greater variability in drug exposure, more frequent occurrence of side effects, decrease in patient compliance, or alternatively, require use of parenteral delivery routes. One attractive pathway that might be exploitable for oral delivery of such drugs is the intestinal bile acid transport system (Swaan et al, 1996). Bile acids are hydroxylated steroids that play a key role in digestion and absorption of fat and lipophilic vitamins. After synthesis in the liver, they are secreted into bile and excreted by the gall bladder into the intestinal lumen where they emulsify and help solubilize lipophilic substances. Bile acids are conserved in the body by active uptake from the terminal ileum via the sodium-dependent transporter IBAT (or ASBT) and subsequent hepatic extraction by the transporter NTCP located in the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes. This efficient mechanism to preserve the bile acid pool is termed the enterohepatic circulation (see FIG. 1 ). In man, the total bile acid pool (3-5 g) recirculates 6-10 times per day giving rise to a daily uptake of approximately 20-30 g of bile acids. The high transport capacity of the bile acid pathway has been a key reason for interest in this system for drug delivery purposes. Several papers have postulated that chemical conjugates of bile acids with drugs could be used to provide liver site-directed delivery of a drug to bring about high therapeutic concentrations in the diseased liver with minimization of general toxic reactions elsewhere in the body; and gallbladder-site delivery systems of cholecystographic agents and cholesterol gallstone dissolution accelerators” (Ho, 1987). Several groups have explored these concepts in some detail, using the C-24 carboxylic acid, C-3, C-7, and C-12 hydroxyl groups of cholic acid (and other bile acids) as handles for chemically conjugating drugs or drug surrogates. (Kramer, et al., 1992, Kim, et al., 1993). The most rigorous drug targeting studies using the bile acid transport pathway to date relate to work with bile acid conjugates of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Kramer et al, 1994b; Petzinger et al, 1995; Kramer and Wess, 1995; Kramer et al, 1997b). Coupling of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor HR 780 via an amide linkage to the C-3 position of cholate, taurocholate and glycocholate afforded substrates for both the ileal and liver bile acid transporter proteins ( FIG. 2 ). Upon oral dosing of rats, the cholate conjugate S 3554 led to specific inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase in the liver, and in contrast to the parent compound HR 780, gave significantly reduced inhibition of the enzyme in extra-hepatic organs. Companion studies that looked at the tissue distribution of radiolabeled drugs two hours after i.v., administration through the mesenteric vein of rats also showed dramatically lower systemic levels for the bile acid conjugate relative to the parent. Because inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase requires the presence of the free carboxylic acid moiety in HR 780 this data was taken to indicate that S 3554 served as a prodrug of HR 780, undergoing hydrolysis (and other uncharacterized metabolism) in the rat liver. Interestingly, uptake of S 3554 by liver did not appear to depend on the liver bile acid transporter NTCP (which prefers taurocholate conjugates), but may instead have involved another multispecific
|
['C07J4300' 'A61K3158']
|
background
|
11,710,423
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a storage system having a plurality of physical storage devices (for example, hard disk drives), and in particular to technology to provide a power supply to a plurality of storage devices. 2. Description of the Related Art Storage systems of which RAID systems are representative comprise numerous storage devices, such as for example hard disk drives (hereafter abbreviated “HDD”). In Japanese Patent Laid-open 4-78062, a RAID system configured to supply power to a plurality of HDDs from the same power supply circuit is described. In general, each of the HDDs installed in such a storage system is assembled as a single unit (hereafter called a “HDD unit”) in which the group of components necessary to function as an HDD (for example, the magnetic disks, read/write heads, power transmission mechanisms and other mechanical components, the motors and other electromechanical components needed to drive the former, and the driver circuits for the electromechanical components, logic circuits for data processing, microprocessors, and other electrical circuit components) are indivisibly integrated and fixed in a single casing. An HDD unit has connectors for connection to data communication circuits within the storage system and to power supply circuits. The physical specifications of the connectors are characteristic of the specifications of the interface for data transfer adopted by the HDD; typically, an HDD unit has a prescribed plurality of data transfer terminals and a prescribed plurality of power supply terminals. There are various electrical circuit components within an HDD unit, and different types of circuit components require power supplies at different voltage levels. For example, logic circuits for data communication and control require a 5 V_DC power supply, whereas motors, heads, and other actuators require a 12 V_DC power supply. A plurality of power supply terminals among the connectors are allocated to such power supplies with different voltage levels. Efforts are made each year to expand the capacity of this type of storage system, and the number of HDD units installed increases steadily. In addition, higher reliability, more compact size, and lower prices are also sought. Further, as magnetic disks move toward higher densities, faster data transfer rates and higher revolution rates, there is a trend toward increased power consumption within HDD units. On the other hand, there is also a trend towards diversification of the specifications of power supplied to HDD units within a storage system. Also, there is a trend toward adoption of interface specifications for data transfer to HDD units enabling faster operation and lower prices, such as for example the Small Computer System Interface (hereafter abbreviated to “SCSI”), Fiber Channel Interface (hereafter “FC”), and Serial ATA (hereafter “SATA”). Given the above circumstances, there are the following problems and demands. (1) The number of power supply terminals of the connector of an HDD unit is fixed at a certain number by the specifications of the interface for data transfer, and there is a constant upper limit to the current which can flow to each power supply terminal. For example, FC specifications stipulate that a connector has four power supply terminals, and that the upper limit to current which can flow through one power supply terminal is 1 A. Normally, two power supply terminals are allocated for 12 V_DC, and two power supply terminals for 5 V_DC. Hence only current up to 2 A can be supplied to an HDD unit by either a 12 V_DC or a 5 V_DC power supply. However, as explained above, there is a tendency toward increases in the power consumption of HDD units, and so there is the possibility that it will no longer be possible to supply adequate power to HDD units using existing power supply terminals. (2) The trends in recent years toward increases in the number of installed HDD units and toward increasing HDD internal power consumption have given rise to the need for larger-capacity power supply circuits for storage systems. (3) In addition to existing HDD units requiring supply of a plurality of voltage levels such as 5 V_DC and 12 V DC, HDD units which require the supply of other voltage levels are appearing. Consequently it is desirable that a single storage system be able to accept installation of a plurality of types of HDD units with different power supply specifications. (4) There exist a plurality of various specifications for the interface for HDD unit data transfer, such as for example FC and SATA. Hence it is desirable that a single system be able to accept installation of a plurality of types of HDD units with different interface specifications.
|
['H02J110']
|
background
|
12,236,465
|
[description] Embodiments of the present invention are described herein in the context of a system, method and apparatus using air pressure. Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the following detailed description of the present invention is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. Other embodiments of the present invention will readily suggest themselves to such skilled persons having the benefit of this disclosure. Reference will now be made in detail to implementations of the present invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The same reference indicators will be used throughout the drawings and the following detailed description to refer to the same or like parts. In the interest of clarity, not all of the routine features of the implementations described herein are shown and described. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with application- and business-related constraints, and that these specific goals will vary from one implementation to another and from one developer to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of engineering for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the components, process steps, and/or data structures may be implemented using various types of operating systems (OS), computing platforms, firmware, computer programs, computer languages, and/or general-purpose machines. The method can be run as a programmed process running on processing circuitry. The processing circuitry can take the form of numerous combinations of processors and operating systems, or a stand-alone device. The process can be implemented as instructions executed by such hardware, hardware alone, or any combination thereof. The software may be stored on a program storage device readable by a machine. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that devices of a less general purpose nature, such as hardwired devices, field programmable logic devices (FPLDs), including field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or the like, may also be used without departing from the scope and spirit of the inventive concepts disclosed herein. FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a system 100 for applying pressure to a lower body 106 of an individual 101 in accordance with one embodiment. The system includes a chamber 102 and means 103 for adjusting (increasing or decreasing) and maintaining the pressure inside the chamber 102. An example of means 103 is a negative feedback control system described below. The chamber 102 includes an aperture 104 along a vertical axis for receiving the lower body 106. In accordance with one embodiment, the chamber 102 may include a soft or rigid shell. With respect to the chamber 102 having a soft shell, the soft shell may be inflated or deflated accordingly. The chamber 102 may take a semi-spherical shape when soft shell is inflated. FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment where the chamber 102 includes a top portion of a sphere with a planar cross-section as a base 108 of the chamber 102. The base 108 supports the individual 101 standing upright or sitting upright. The soft shell may be made of a sufficiently airtight fabric. While deflated, the soft shell may allow for the lower body 106 to be positioned within the aperture 104. The aperture 104 may include an elliptical shape and flexible fabric for accommodating various shapes of waistline of the individual lower body 106. The height of the fabric soft shell may be altered by using straps to pull down on the top part. For example, the aperture 104 may include a rigid ring (not shown) that surrounds the waist or torso of the individual 101. The height of the chamber 102 can thus be adjusted by raising or lowering the rigid ring. A bar (not shown) may encompass the fabric shell below the waist of the individual 101. The bar holds the fabric shell in from expanding into a spherical shape, therefore keeping the shell close to the torso of the individual 101 allowing for comfortable arm swing. Similarly, the rigid shell may allow for keeping the arms of the individual 101 from touching the rigid shell while the individual 101 is moving (walking or running) through a saddle shape. The system 100 may also include a rear entrance walkway (not shown) having a step to facilitate entrance and exit to and from the chamber 102. In the chamber 102 having a soft shell, the walkway may be used a means for holding the soft shell up in an uninflated state so that it is easier to attach the seal 110 to the individual 101. The walkway may also serve as a safety platform where in case the shell of the chamber 102 rips (in the case of fabric) or breaks (in the case of hard shell). The walkway may also include holding bars for the individual 101 to hold onto in the event of a fall. With respect to the chamber 102 having a hard shell, the chamber 102 may include a door (not shown) that opens for the individual 101 to get in and out. The door can swing open, swing down, or slide open. The door can be comprised of fabric on a zipper that is zipped sufficiently air-tight. Aperture 104 may be created by moving two halves of chamber 102 apart and back together like clam-shell, or a cockpit. Additionally, the height of hard shell may be adjusted based on the height of individual 101. A seal 110 is provided between the lower body 106 and the aperture 104 at or near the torso or the waistline of the individual 101. In accordance with one embodiment, the seal 110 includes a plurality of openings/leaks around the torso of the
|
['A61B1700']
|
detailed_description
|
11,317,535
|
[claim] 1. An power system with display comprising: an enclosure; a graphics display housed in a display housing, the display housing hingedly coupled to the enclosure; at least one power input connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure; at least one power output connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure; and a power distribution device housed within the enclosure, the power distribution device adapted to accept power from the at least one power input connector and the power distribution device adapted to deliver power to the at least one power output connector. 2. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power directly from the at least one power input connector through at least one fuse to the at least one power output connector. 3. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector to the at least one power output connector and at least one capacitor is coupled between the at least one power input connector and a ground potential. 4. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through a power conditioning circuit to the at least one power output connector. 5. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of the enclosure. 6. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller generates colors and patterns for display on the graphics display. 7. The power system with display of claim 1, wherein the power distribution device is adapted to be installed in a first configuration and in a second configuration, in the first configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on a first side of the enclosure and in the second configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on an opposite side of the enclosure. 8. A method for distributing power and providing a display comprising: providing a power system with display, the power system with display comprising: an enclosure; a graphics display housed in a display enclosure, the display enclosure hingedly coupled to the enclosure, the graphics display connected to a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller connected to a video input connector; at least one power input connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure; at least one power output connector situated on the periphery of the enclosure; and a power distribution device housed within the enclosure, the power distribution device adapted to accept power from the at least one power input connector and the power distribution device adapted to deliver power to the at least one power output connector; connecting the at least one power input connector to a power input wire; connecting the at least one power output connector to a power output wire; and connecting the video input connector to a source of video. 9. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through at least one fuse to the at least one power output connector. 10. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector to the at least one power output connector and at least one capacitor is coupled between the at least one power input connector and a ground potential. 11. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device passes power from the at least one power input connector through a power conditioning circuit to the at least one power output connector. 12. The method claim 8, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller is connected to a video input connector mounted on the periphery of the enclosure. 13. The method claim 8, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display controller and the graphics display controller generates colors and patterns for display on the graphics display. 14. The method claim 8, wherein the power distribution device is adapted to be installed in a first configuration and in a second configuration, in the first configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on a first side of the enclosure and ir the second configuration the at least one power input connector appearing on an opposite side of the enclosure. 15. An power system with display comprising: an enclosure means; a means to display graphic images mounted within a display enclosure, the display enclosure hingedly coupled to the enclosure means; a means to input power situated on the periphery of the enclosure means; a means to output power situated on the periphery of the enclosure means; and a means to distribute power housed within the enclosure means, the means to distribute power adapted to accept power from the means to input power and the means to distribute power adapted to deliver power to the means to output power. 16. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes power from the means to input power through at least one fuse means to the means to output power. 17. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes power from the means to input power to the means to output power and at least one capacitor is coupled between the means to input power and a ground potential. 18. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the means to distribute power passes power from the means to input power through a power conditioning circuit to the means to output power. 19. The power system with display of claim 15, wherein the graphics display is controlled by a graphics display
|
['H01R922']
|
claim
|
12,164,334
|
[claim] 1. An overcap for a volatile material dispenser, comprising: a housing adapted to be mounted on a container having a valve stem with a discharge end; a valve-connecting portion adapted to engage the valve stem; a fixture extending from the valve-connecting portion; a trigger attached to the housing by a hinge, wherein the hinge is disposed at or below a plane formed by the fixture; and a contact portion disposed in the trigger for interacting with the fixture and applying pressure to the valve-connecting portion to actuate the valve stem. 2. The overcap of claim 1, wherein the fixture extending from the valve-connecting portion comprises at least one protrusion. 3. The overcap of claim 2, wherein the contact portion disposed in the trigger comprises at least one notch. 4. The overcap of claim 1, wherein the fixture extending from the valve-connecting portion comprises an annular ring. 5. The overcap of claim 4, wherein the contact portion disposed in the trigger comprises a ledge extending therefrom. 6. The overcap of claim 1, wherein the hinge is a living hinge. 7. The overcap of claim 1, wherein the trigger is integrally attached to the housing. 8. The overcap of claim 1, wherein the trigger includes a discharge aperture therethrough and the valve-connecting portion extends to a point adjacent the discharge aperture of the trigger. 9. The overcap of claim 1, in combination with a container. 10. An overcap for a volatile material dispenser, comprising: a housing adapted to be mounted on a container having a valve stem with a discharge end; a valve-connecting portion adapted to engage the valve stem; a fixture extending from the valve-connecting portion; and a trigger having a first end and a second end, wherein the trigger comprises a contact portion that engages the fixture to actuate the valve stem, a hinge that integrally attaches the first end of the trigger to the housing, and a one-way snap that attaches the second end of the trigger to the housing. 11. The overcap of claim 10, wherein the fixture extending from the valve-connecting portion comprises at least one protrusion. 12. The overcap of claim 11, wherein the contact portion disposed in the trigger comprises at least one notch. 13. The overcap of claim 10, wherein the fixture extending from the valve-connecting portion comprises an annular ring. 14. The overcap of claim 13, wherein the contact portion disposed in the trigger comprises a ledge extending therefrom. 15. The overcap of claim 10, in combination with a container. 16. A method of actuating a volatile material dispenser, comprising: providing a volatile material dispenser, wherein the dispenser includes a housing adapted to be mounted on a container having a valve stem with a discharge end, a valve-connecting portion adapted to engage the valve stem, a fixture extending from the valve-connecting portion, a trigger integrally attached to the housing at or below a plane formed by the fixture, and a contact portion disposed in the trigger; and pressing the trigger in a direction generally parallel to the plane defined by the fixture, such that the trigger movement allows the contact portion to interact with the fixture to thereby displace the valve-connecting portion. 17. The method of claim 16, further including the step of providing a container. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein a first end of the trigger is integrally attached to the housing by a living hinge and the trigger includes a hook that attaches a second end of the trigger to the housing. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the pressing step includes the step of displacing the second end of the trigger away from the hook. 20. The method of claim 19, further including the step of releasing the trigger to allow the second end of the trigger to move toward and be stopped by the hook.
|
['B65D4100' 'B05B1700']
|
claim
|
12,013,779
|
[description] The pedestal 10 for a height-adjustable work station is shown in FIG. 1. The work surface, which may be of varying shapes and sizes, is supported on the top of the pedestal, but has been eliminated for clarity. The pedestal 10 includes a supporting base 11 that comprises a pair of elongate feet 12 that are interconnected by a base panel 13. The feet are not parallel and extend from the base panel 13 in a divergent orientation to improve stability of the work station. The base panel 13 is fabricated in a box-like construction that includes generally planar horizontal upper panel member 14 and a parallel lower panel member 15. The upper and lower panel members 14 and 15 are interconnected by front and rear webs 16 and 17, respectively. Front web 16 is shown in FIG. 3. Lower panel member 15 may have access openings 19 to facilitate fabrication and assembly. A main actuator support column 18 receives an actuator column 20 in a telescoping manner and an internal actuator 35, which is well known in the art, provides vertical movement of the actuator column 20 within the support column 18 to adjust the height of the working surface. To provide rigid connection of the support column 18 to the base panel 13 in a manner that will provide adequate stiffness and resistance to bending moments and shear loads, a two part fastening system is used in which the parts are vertically separated as far as is practical. Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4, the support column 18 has a rectangular bottom plate 21 secured to its lower end, preferably by welding. The lower panel member 15 has a rectangular center opening 22 of a size and shape corresponding to the cross section of the support column 18, such that the column can be inserted through the base panel 13 from below. The support column bottom plate 21 contacts the lower surface of the lower panel member 15 and is bolted thereto with four bolts or cap screws 23. The upper panel member 14 of the base panel 13 includes a raised central base plate 24. Preferably, the raised base plate 24 is formed integrally in the upper panel member 14 by drawing or extrusion. The base plate includes upwardly convergent side faces 25 and a top face 26 parallel to and spaced vertically above the upper panel member 14. The top face 26 of the raised base plate 24 is provided with a rectangular opening 27 of the same size and shape as the center opening 22 in the lower panel member 15 and aligned vertically therewith. The support column 18 thus passes axially through the rectangular opening 27 as the bottom plate 21 is moved into attachment position against the lower panel member 15. An upper mounting bracket assembly includes a pair of angle brackets 28, each attached by a vertical leg 30 to an opposite face of the support column 18. The vertical legs are preferably attached by welding, but can be connected by other means to the support column. The horizontal legs 31 of the angle brackets 28 are positioned to bear against the underside of the top face 26 of the base plate 24 when the support column bottom plate 21 engages the underside of the lower panel member 15. The horizontal bracket legs 31 are provided with tapped holes that align with holes 33 in the top face 26 adjacent the rectangular opening 27. Appropriate fasteners, such as bolts or cap screws 34 (and lock washers) fasten the angle brackets 28 to the underside of the top face 26 of the base plate 24. The actuator 35 which is shown only schematically, is attached within the actuator column 20 at its upper end to a housing 36 for the drive motor and controls. The lower end of the actuator is bolted or otherwise connected to the support column bottom plate 21. A glide cap 37, preferably made of a suitable low friction plastic, is mounted on the upper end of the support column 18 and receives the actuator column 20 as it travels vertically within the support column.
|
['F16M1100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,805,546
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2a is a backscattered electron (BSE) image of ZnO patterns on SiOx substrates annealed in air at 700 degrees C. for 20 minutes. FIGS. 2b and 2c are secondary electron (SE) images of ZnO patterns on SiOx substrate before and after annealing. FIG. 3 is a SEM image of polypyrrole patterns on a SiOx/Si substrate. FIG. 4a is a SEM image showing a PZT ring structure patterned on a Pt/Ti/SiOx/Si substrate. FIG. 4b is a SEM image showing PZT square patterns on a Nb doped strontium titanate (Nb/STO) single-crystal substrate. FIG. 4c is a SEM image showing a ZnO spiral pattern on a sapphire substrate. FIG. 5 is a SEM image of ZnO lines patterned across Au electrodes with 10 micrometer gap with the inset showing an enlargement of a ZnO line. The ZnO lines were heated at 150 degrees C. in air for 10 minutes. FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart illustrating another method embodiment of the invention employing a SAM treatment of the substrate surface. FIG. 7 is a schematic flow chart illustrating still another method embodiment of the invention employing a SAM treatment of the substrate surface and spin coating of two different sol precursors to fabricate nanorings of a first material and having a core of a second material therein. FIG. 7a is a SEM image of PZT rings on a platinized silicon substrate. FIGS. 8a and 8b are SEM images of PZT rings on bare Au substrate and on an ODT-modified Au substrate surface, respectively, with cross-sectional profiles shown and taken along the horizontal line in FIGS. 8a, 8b. FIG. 9a is a schematic illustration a core-ring heterostructure and FIG. 9b is an TEM image of such columnar core-ring heterostructures on a Pt/SiOx/Si substrate, before annealing at 700° C. for 1 hr. FIGS. 10a through 10c are SEM images of CFO disks with 500, 200, and 100 nm diameters, respectively. FIGS. 10d through 10e are AFM phase images of CFO disks with 200 nm diameter. The line contrast on the substrate in FIG. 10e comes from the terraces on the (100) STO substrate due to its surface reconstruction during annealing. FIG. 10f is a cross-sectional profile along the dashed white line of FIG. 10e. FIGS. 11a through 11e are SEM images of BFO nanopatterns wherein FIG. 11a shows BFO nanodots of 220 nm in diameter on a Si wafer. FIG. 11b shows BFO nanorings with 80 nm of wall thickness patterned on Pt, which can serve as a bottom electrode for ferroelectric property measurement. FIG. 11c shows BiFeO3 nanolines with 80 nm of linewidth patterned on single crystalline (100) SrTiO3 (STO). FIGS. 11d and 11e show SEM and tapping mode AFM images of BFO dots of 120 nm in diameter and 150 nm in height patterned on Pt. FIGS. 12a and 12b are graphs showing piezoelectric response of amplitude, FIG. 12a, and phase loops, FIG. 12b, to voltage measured at room temperature for a 100 nm BFO nanodot on Pt using PFM. FIG. 13 shows a magnetic hysteresis loop measured at room temperature for BFO dots of 1 micrometer diameter patterned on Pt. FIGS. 14a through 14c are SEM images of ZnO lines of different line widths fabricated on oxidized Si substrates and annealed at 900 degrees C. in air for 5 minutes. FIGS. 15a through 15d are SEM images of ZnO lines of different line widths fabricated on STO substrates and annealed at 600 degrees C. in air for 1 hr. FIG. 15e is a SEM image of ZnO thin film fabricated on a STO substrate and annealed at 600 degrees C. in air for 1 hr.
|
['G03C500' 'B44C117']
|
detailed_description
|
11,460,324
|
[summary] Method and system embodiments of the present invention address these needs by uniting the recorded image of at least the face of a known person, such as the caregiver for a child, and the recorded voice of the known person, in stock media such as systems and apparatuses for educating and entertaining. An embodiment of a method of communicating with people is disclosed. The method may include recording the voice of a known person and recording the image of at least the face of the known person. The method may further include incorporating the image of the face of the known person in a stock medium and incorporating the recorded voice of the known person in the stock medium, whereby the stock medium is transformed into a customized medium. The medium may be an educational program that is recorded on a DVD or other storage device or an educational toy such as a doll, according to embodiments of the present invention.
|
['H04N714']
|
summary
|
11,617,071
|
[claim] 1. A tapping operation method for an electrical apparatus, comprising the steps of: detecting at least one gravitational acceleration vector along the electrical apparatus; and inputting a signal into the electrical apparatus when a variation rate of the gravitational acceleration vector with respect to time exceeds a predetermined value. 2. The tapping operation method of claim 1, wherein the number of the gravitational acceleration vectors is three, and the gravitational acceleration vectors are along three axes of the electrical apparatus. 3. The tapping operation method of claim 2, wherein the axes of the electrical apparatus comprises the x-axis of the electrical apparatus, the y-axis of the electrical apparatus and the z-axis of the electrical apparatus. 4. The tapping operation method of claim 1, wherein the step of inputting the signal into the electrical apparatus comprises determining which part of the electrical apparatus is tapped, what tapping sequence is applied to the electrical apparatus or a combination thereof according to the variation rate of the gravitational acceleration vector with respect to time. 5. The tapping operation method of claim 4, wherein the step of inputting the signal into the electrical apparatus comprises determining which type of the signal is inputted according to which part of the electrical apparatus is tapped, what tapping sequence is applied to the electrical apparatus or the combination thereof. 6. The tapping operation method of claim 1, wherein the signal comprises a command for launching an application program. 7. The tapping operation method of claim 1, wherein the electrical apparatus comprises a mobile electrical apparatus. 8. The tapping operation method of claim 1, further comprising the step of: tapping the top-front surface, the right-front surface, the left-front surface, the side surface or the back surface of the electrical apparatus. 9. The tapping operation method of claim 1, wherein the step of detecting the gravitational acceleration vector is performed by an accelerometer. 10. A mobile electrical apparatus with a tapping operation function, comprising: a base; an accelerometer coupled to the base for detecting at least one gravitational acceleration vector along the mobile electrical apparatus; and a manipulator connected to the accelerometer for inputting a signal into the mobile electrical apparatus when a variation rate of the gravitational acceleration vector with respect to time exceeds a predetermined value. 11. The mobile electrical apparatus of claim 10, wherein the accelerometer comprises: a first axle sensor for sensing a first gravitational acceleration vector along a first direction; a second axle sensor for sensing a second gravitational acceleration vector along a second direction; and a third axle sensor for sensing a third gravitational acceleration vector along a third direction. 12. The mobile electrical apparatus of claim 10, wherein the manipulator comprises: a first determining module connected to the accelerometer to determine which part of the mobile electrical apparatus is tapped, what tapping sequence is applied to the mobile electrical apparatus or a combination thereof according to the variation rate of the gravitational acceleration vector with respect to time. 13. The mobile electrical apparatus of claim 12, wherein the manipulator comprises: a second determining module connected to the first determining module to determine which type of the signal is inputted according to which part of the mobile electrical apparatus is tapped, what tapping sequence is applied to the mobile electrical apparatus or the combination thereof. 14. The mobile electrical apparatus of claim 12, wherein the tapped part of the mobile electrical apparatus is the top-front surface, the right-front surface, the left-front surface, the side surface or the back surface of the mobile electrical apparatus. 15. The mobile electrical apparatus of claim 12, wherein the signal comprises a command for launching an application program. 16. The mobile electrical apparatus of claim 12, wherein the mobile electrical apparatus is a mobile phone, a global positioning system or a personal digital assistant. 17. The mobile electrical apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a control button for turning on or turning off the tapping operation function. 18. A tapping operating module for an electrical apparatus, comprising: an accelerometer coupled to the electrical apparatus for detecting at least one gravitational acceleration vector along the electrical apparatus; and a manipulator connected to the accelerometer for inputting a signal into the electrical apparatus when a variation rate of the gravitational acceleration vector with respect to time exceeds a predetermined value. 19. The tapping operating module of claim 18, wherein the accelerometer comprises: a first axle sensor for sensing a first gravitational acceleration vector along a first direction; a second axle sensor for sensing a second gravitational acceleration vector along a second direction; and a third axle sensor for sensing a third gravitational acceleration vector along a third direction. 20. The tapping operating module of claim 18, wherein the manipulator comprises: a first determining module connected to the accelerometer to determine which part of the electrical apparatus is tapped, what tapping sequence is applied to the electrical apparatus or a combination thereof according to the variation rate of the gravitational acceleration vector with respect to time. 21. The tapping operating module of claim 20, wherein the manipulator comprises: a second determining module connected to the first determining module to determine which type of the signal is inputted according to which part of the electrical apparatus is tapped, what tapping sequence is applied to the electrical apparatus or the combination thereof. 22. The tapping operating module of claim 18, wherein the signal comprises a command for launching an application program.
|
['G01G1940']
|
claim
|
12,401,466
|
[description] Please refer to FIG. 5, a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a hybrid flash memory device according to the present invention. The flash memory device 100 includes a micro controller 120 and a memory module 140. In this embodiment, the memory module 140 includes both SLC flash memories 142-1˜142-N and MLC flash memories 144-1˜144-M. Generally speaking, the host 110 accesses data in the flash memory device 100 via a host bus 122, for example, compact flash (CF) bus, secure digital (SD) bus, multimedia card (MMC) bus, universal serial bus (USB), or IEEE1394. The micro controller 120 uses a write instruction to control the memory module 140 and write data into the memory module 140 during a write operation. On the other hand, the micro controller 120 issues a read instruction to control the memory module 140 and read data to be outputted to the host 110 via the host bust 122 from the memory module 140 during a read operation. Each of the SLC flash memories 142-1˜142-N and the MLC flash memories 144-1˜144-M is divided into a plurality of blocks, each of which includes a plurality of pages. A memory mapping table is provided in the micro controller 120. The memory mapping table contains pointers for mapping logical block address (LBA) to physical block address (PBA). For combining the advantages of lower cost and higher storage density of MLC flash memory and shorter page programming time of SLC flash memory, the present invention utilizes both SLC flash memories and MLC flash memories to store data. Log blocks are provided in both SLC flash memories and MLC flash memories. The micro controller 120 decides whether the data are written in log block of SLC flash memories or that of MLC flash memories based on write command issued from the host 110. In this embodiment, the data are written in log block of the MLC flash memories when the data size is greater than a predetermined data size, for example one page of data. On the contrary, the data are written in log block of the SLC flash memories when the data size is not greater than the predetermined data size. The following examples of write operation are given providing that there are four pages in each block, i.e. Page 0, Page 1, Page 2 and Page 3. The micro controller 120 defines a first log block in the SLC flash memories and a second log block in the MLC flash memories. Please refer to FIGS. 6A˜6I illustrating the write operation of the hybrid flash memory device 100. As shown in FIG. 6A, the memory module 140 at least includes SLC flash memory blocks sPBA 0˜sPBA 3 and MLC flash memory blocks mPBA 4˜mPBA 7. The memory mapping table 135 in the micro controller 20 indicates that LBA 0, LBA 1, LBA 2 and LBA 3 point to sPBA 1, mPBA 4, sPBA 0 and mPBA 7 in the memory module 140, respectively. Data D0, D1, D2 and D3 occupy Page 0, Page 1, Page 2 and Page 3 of mPBA 7; data D4, D5, D6 and D7 occupy Page 0, Page 1, Page 2 and Page 3 of sPBA 1; data D8, D9, D10 and D11 occupy Page 0, Page 1, Page 2 and Page 3 of mPBA 4; and data D12, D13, D14 and D15 occupy Page 0, Page 1, Page 2 and Page 3 of sPBA 0. Furthermore, there are two log blocks pre-set in the memory module 140 wherein sPBA 3 is allocated to the first log block and mPBA 5 is allocated to the second log block. The remained memory blocks sPBA 2 of SLC flash memory and mPBA 6 of MLC flash memory are free blocks. In this embodiment, the write operation includes (1) the host issuing a write command to write one page of data D1′ replacing old data D1 at LBA 3 from Page 1; (2) the host issuing a write command to write one page of data D0′ replacing old data D0 at LBA 3 from Page 0; (3) the host issuing a write command to write three pages of data D5′, D6′ and D7′ replacing old data D5, D6 and D7 at LBA 0 from Page 1; (4) the host issuing a write command to write three pages of data D8′, D9′ and D10′ replacing old data D8, D9 and D10 at LBA 1 from Page 0; and (5) the host issuing a write command to write one page of data D13′ replacing old data D13 at LBA 2 from Page 1. To start the first write step, the host issues a write command to write one page of data D1′ replacing old data D1 at LBA 3 from Page 1. As shown in FIG. 6B, the new data D1′ are directly placed in Page 1 of the first log block sPBA 3 since SLC flash memory supports writing from arbitrary page. To start the second write step, the host issues a write command to write one page of data D0′ replacing old data D0 at LBA 3 from Page 0. As shown in FIG. 6C, the new data D0′ are directly placed in Page 0 of the first log block sPBA 3. Then, the flash memory device receives the third write command of writing three pages of data D5′, D6′ and D7′ replacing old data D5, D6 and D7 at LBA 0 from Page 1. Since the total data size of data D5′, D6′ and D7′ is greater than a predetermined data size, the data D5′, D6′ and D7′ are placed in the second log block mPBA 5 of MLC flash memory. Please be remind again that MLC flash memory has to be written from the lowest page. At this stage, the micro controller 120 executes a merging procedure 142 to merge data D4 in Page 0 of sPBA 1 and data D5′, D6′ and D7′. Then, the merged data D4, D5′, D6′ and D7′ are placed in the second
|
['G06F1202' 'G06F1200']
|
detailed_description
|
12,061,040
|
[description] The following description is presented to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. Embodiments of a computer system, a method, a user interface and a computer-program product (i.e., software) for use with the computer system are described. These systems, software, and processes may be used to provide a user with a social responsibility metric that is determined based on one or more financial transactions. In particular, financial transactions associated with a user (such as an individual, an organization, a corporation, a municipality or an entity) may be aggregated to determine the social responsibility metric, which is then provided to the user. In some embodiments, the financial transactions may be included in a data structure that is associated with financial software, such as income-tax software, payroll software, and/or accounting software. Based on the social responsibility metric, the computer system may: provide recommendations to the user; refer the user to a community of users (for example, users in geographic proximity to the user or users that interact via a network, such as the Internet); compare the social responsibility metric with those of other users; and/or determine an income-tax deduction. These operations may assist the user in improving the social responsibility metric, and thus, increase the social and environmental sustainability of the user's future financial transactions. For example, the social responsibility metric may include an estimated carbon footprint (and, more generally, an ecological footprint) associated with the financial transactions. Moreover, based on the estimated carbon footprint, the user may purchase a carbon-offset credit (such as those offered in a cap-and-trade system). Additionally, the recommendations may assist the user in deciding which products or services to purchase (or not purchase) in the future. In the discussion that follows, the social responsibility metric may provide a measure of the social and/or environmental impact of financial transactions, including the impact on other people (and, more generally, on other entities), as well as on the local or global ecosystem. In conjunction with a profit assessment of the financial transactions, these techniques may provide a triple bottom-line assessment for the user (i.e., people, planet, and profit accounting), thereby providing information to the user that facilitates social responsibility and sustainability. Note that these techniques may be implemented as a stand-alone software application, or as a program module or subroutine in another application, such as the financial software. Furthermore, the software application may be configured to execute on a client computer, such as: a personal computer, a laptop computer, cell phone, PDA, or other device capable of manipulating computer-readable data, or between two or more computing systems over a network (such as the Internet, World Wide Web or Www, intranet, LAN, WAN, MAN, or combination of networks, or other technology enabling communication between computing systems). Therefore, information associated with the time entries may be stored locally (for example, on a local computer) and/or remotely (for example, on a computer or server that is accessed via a network). We now describe embodiments of systems, devices and processes for determining a social responsibility metric. FIG. 1 presents a block diagram illustrating a computer system 100, including computers and servers that are networked together. In this computer system, one or more users may use financial software, such as accounting, payroll or income-tax software, to collect information associated with financial transactions, such as the purchase of an article of commerce or a plane ticket, or a power bill (which may include the total bill amount, as well as the amount of one or more types of energy that were used during a time interval). For example, the information may be provided by the user. Alternatively, the financial software may access and retrieve remotely stored information associated with the user and/or the user's accounts via network 112. Note that this information may be associated with: a commercial establishment 116, a brokerage 118, a bank 120 (which may include an online bank), and/or a governmental agency 122 (such as the Internal Revenue Service). Moreover, a program module or application may aggregate at least some of the information associated with the financial transactions to determine a social responsibility metric for the user. This social responsibility metric may provide qualitative and/or quantitative feedback on the consequences of the user's actions and decisions for other people and/or the environment. For example, the user may be alerted to disreputable labor practices of a supplier of a product that the user has previously purchased. Alternatively, the user's carbon footprint may be estimated. In another example, a widget in a user interface may indicate the user's carbon footprint in a recent or current time interval, with an associated color coding (such as green, yellow or red) to indicate the user's impact on the environment relative to a targeted impact (for example, a goal that the user set or a recommended impact level). Additionally, the application may assist the user with remedial action. For example, the user may request and/or purchase a carbon-offset credit based on the estimated carbon footprint. More generally, the application may provide recommendations to the user, such as ways to improve the social responsibility metric. The application may also alert the user to their relative performance, by comparing the user's social responsibility metric with those of other users. In some embodiments, the user may be referred to a community of users, who may reside in geographic proximity to the user or who communicate with each other using network 112. This community, which may include users who share a similar
|
['G06Q4000']
|
detailed_description
|
11,823,566
|
[description] The present invention provides a method to transfer the necessary information (in addition to the standard GDS files) from the design house to the fab or facility which will be doing failure analysis on an IC, on a need-to-know basis so as to minimize security concerns. If the files are being transferred to a fab facility, the fab already has the GDS2 files, so they require the information additional to the GDS2. In case a Failure Analysis (FA) Service house is doing the analysis job, they don't need the standard GDS2 file, which is used for the fabrication. Only the necessary information, which may include some layout plus some design or connectivity information, can be extracted and sent over to them. Failure analysis issues generally fall into three broad categories. The first is an actual failure of an operating circuit, often caused by a processing problem. A customer experiencing this type of failure will generally be able to indicate the location of the failure. The second type of failure analysis deals with design problems in a circuit. In this case, it is generally necessary to perform a circuit edit in a specific location, for example a net cut or a net join, in order to attempt to address the design problem. And a third type of issue is when a diagnostics failure shows up, during testing rather than during actual circuit operation. In this case, the diagnostics program will generally localized the failure to a specific cell or pin. This can then be correlated with the LEF/DEF/LVS/schematic files. The present invention extracts and transfers design information targeted towards the Failure Analysis, including the three categories described above. The actual planning and execution of Failure analysis may consist of three separate aspects: 1) Planning of a failure analysis strategy; 2) Probing a specified region or set of connected cells to determine the exact location of a failure; and 3) Determining the exact location(s) of, and performing, one or more circuit edit operations. In general, the design house maintains full control over strategy planning, and over the specification of locations for circuit edit once the exact failure location is determined. It also determines which cells or interconnect regions may need to be probed in order to exactly locate the fault. The fabrication facility may be responsible for doing the actual probing and providing the results to the design facility. Probing of cells could mean probing the output pins of the cells, for example when using
|
['G06F1750']
|
detailed_description
|
11,944,896
|
[claim] 1. An image forming apparatus comprising: a plurality of image forming sections, each image forming section being capable of forming an image of a color component among plural color components under a predetermined condition, and forming a pattern of each color component for adjusting the condition; an output section that transfers the formed images onto a recording sheet as the images being superimposed; a detecting section that reads the formed patterns of the respective color components so as to perform a temporary detection and a main detection of a deviation from a reference under the condition; and a correction control section that determines whether the deviation detected as a result of the temporary detection exceeds a predetermined threshold value or not, and when the deviation exceeds the threshold value, executes the main detection to fully detect the deviation so as to correct the condition on the basis of the detected deviation, wherein the correction control section controls each of the image forming sections to form one or more patterns of one or more color components for the temporary detection, the number of the color components for the temporary detection being fewer than those of the patterns to be used for the main detection. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the condition is a forming position of each image for superimposing the images of the respective color components with a predetermined positional relationship. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the correction control section controls each of the image forming sections to form the pattern for the temporary detection for the corresponding color component with a partial pattern of the pattern for the main detection of the corresponding color component. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the image forming sections forms an image by using a toner of a color corresponding to each color component, and the correction control section controls each of the image forming sections so that it forms the pattern for the temporary detection by using at least a toner having the greatest remaining amount among toners exclusively used for a color image. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each image comprises a plurality of pixels, the image forming apparatus further comprises a color pixel count unit that counts pixels of each color component, each of the image forming sections forms an image by using a toner of a color corresponding to each color component, the color pixel count unit counts the total pixel number of the image of each color component formed after a reference point at which toner of each color is charged, and the correction control section controls the image forming sections to form the pattern for the temporary detection by using at least a color component having the smallest total pixel number among color components exclusively used for the color image. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the color components comprise at least black, cyan, magenta and yellow ones. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the color components comprise at least black, cyan, magenta and yellow ones, and the detecting section defines black as a reference color, and performs the temporary detection and the main detection of the deviation of the other color components from the reference color. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the image forming sections is serially arranged in the order in which the images of the respective color components are superimposed over one another, the detecting section defines one color component as a reference color, and performs the temporary detection and the main detection of the deviation of the other color components from the reference color, and the threshold value is different for every color component, wherein a greater threshold value is set for the color component whose image forming section is arranged more apart from the image forming section of the reference color. 9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the correction control section controls each of the image forming sections so that it forms the pattern for the temporary detection by using at least a color component whose image forming section is arranged apart from the image forming section of a reference color. 10. A method for correcting an image forming condition in an image forming apparatus that can form images of plural color components respectively under a predetermined condition, and can form patterns of the color components respectively for adjusting the condition, the method comprising causing a computer to execute the steps of: forming one or more patterns of one or more color components for a temporary detection by using one or more image forming sections; reading the pattern(s) so as to perform the temporary detection of a deviation from a reference of the condition; determining whether the deviation detected by the temporary detection exceeds a predetermined threshold value or not; and performing a main detection by forming patterns of plural color components when the deviation exceeds the threshold value to fully detect the deviation to correct the condition on the basis of the deviation detected by the main detection, wherein the number of the color components for the temporary detection is fewer than those of patterns to be used for the main detection.
|
['G03G1501']
|
claim
|
12,485,583
|
SYSTEM, METHOD, AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATION OF EXECUTABLES FOR A HETEROGENEOUS MIX OF MULTIFUNCTION PRINTERS [SEP] [abstract] A computer program product that includes a computer useable storage medium to store a computer readable program that, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform operations, including operations to incorporate an entity specification into a business process in response to an input by a user, determine a multifunction printer (MFP) from a heterogeneous mix of MFPs for implementation of the business process, and generate an executable to execute on the MFP. The entity specification describes an element of a document and is associated with the business process. The MFP has an associated executable language and a graphical user interface (GUI) specification. The executable conforms to the executable language and the GUI specification, is generated from the entity specification and the business process, and performs the business process when executed by the MFP.
|
['G06F944' 'G06F1516' 'G06F9445']
|
abstract
|
11,945,827
|
[summary] The present invention is directed to the controlled and optimal charging of electrochemical capacitors. A charging process of the present invention should provide, for example: an optimal or pre-assigned value of stored energy; a timely stoppage of the charging process so as to rule out any overcharge; a complete charge, irrespective of the initial state of charge; an optimal charge over the entire range of capacitor operating temperatures; prevention of excessive overheating and possible gassing via the safety valve; and compensation for losses of energy during operation of a capacitor as a back-up power source or due to self-discharge, so as to maintain the capacitor device in a state of maximum charge for a long period of time. The charging methods of the present invention are based on specific features of the design and principles of operation of HES devices (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,222,723 to R. S. Razumov, et al., entitled “Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitor And Method Of Making.”) Two types of electrodes are used in such a HES: a polarizable electrode and a non-polarizable electrode. Preferably, battery-type (positive) electrodes whose electrochemical properties are determined by Faraday processes are used as non-polarizable electrodes. The polarizable electrode (the negative electrode) employs a double electric layer charge storage process. Different composites based on activated carbon materials typically serve as the active material of such polarizable (negative) electrodes. In order to provide for the effective operation of such HES devices, the value of the electric (Coulomb) capacity of the non-polarizable electrode is preferably selected to be several times higher than the value of the electric capacity of the polarizable electrode. Additionally, the maximum discharge energy of the HES in its operating voltage window corresponds to the full discharge of the polarizable electrode and is determined by its stored energy. Inasmuch as the capacitance of the non-polarizable electrode is much higher, the non-polarizable electrode is discharged to a lesser degree than the polarizable electrode during the cyclic operation of the HES. As such, when a HES is fully discharged, its non-polarizable electrode is discharged to a lesser degree than would be the positive and negative electrodes of a battery during full discharge of the battery. Consequently, the life cycle of a HES may be significantly greater than that of a battery because, while the capacity and energy parameters of a HES device are determined by the parameters of the polarizable electrode, its life cycle characteristics depend primarily on the parameters of the non-polarizable electrode. In one exemplary charging method of the present invention, charging of a HES occurs at constant current, and there is no need to preliminarily assign a particular charge voltage value. According to this embodiment, control of the charging process may be accomplished as follows: (1) the value of the positive increment of the charge voltage is set and, when this value is reached, the process is interrupted; (2) the voltage increment is determined, following the passage of the specified portion of the electricity quantity; and (3) when the voltage increment decreases to the specified value, the charge process is discontinued. The specified positive value of the voltage increment determines the state of charge of the HES in relation to its optimal charge level. The optimal state of charge at the existing rate of charge and temperature condition of the HES corresponds to the zero increment of the voltage. If the charge continues until the negative increment of the voltage is reached, there is a fast growth of temperature, decrease of the Coulomb capacity and energy efficiency of the charge-discharge cycle, and there is risk of gas pressure increase inside the case of the capacitor. In this embodiment, the predetermined value of the electricity quantity, after whose passage the charge voltage is measured and the voltage increment is determined, sets the time discreteness of measurements. The predetermined value of the electricity quantity will generally depend on individual characteristics of the HES and its design, as well as parameters of the measurement and charging control system used. In this embodiment, timely interruption of the charging process results in the desired level of stored electrical energy in the HES. As such, there is no need for an accurate determination of the maximum voltage value at the end of the charging process or for continuous measurement of the temperature of each cell of the HES. In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, charging of a HES occurs under conditions of instability in the constant charge current. Under real life conditions, such instability may be provided for in the initial parameters of the power source, may be induced by magnetic pickups to the constant current source or by significant variations of ambient temperature, or may result from changes in the charging power according to accidental law. In such a case, the voltage across the terminals of the HES during the charging process may reach several local maximum values, which will not correspond to the optimal state of charge. The voltage increment may also change in a wide range, changing its sign in the vicinity of these local maximums. By performing charging using recurrent periods of charge and rest, this embodiment of the present invention is tolerant of phenomena such as uncontrolled charge current pulses, a recurrent change in the amplitude of a constant charge current, and random changes in charging power. According to this embodiment, when the circuit is broken following the interruption of the charge current, the voltage across the terminals of the HES drops gradually due to depolarization of the electrodes and self-discharge of the capacitors. In the initial stage, the voltage drop is determined by depolarization of the electrodes. Subsequently, the self-discharge process becomes the main contributor to the voltage reduction. Thus, the processes of depolarization and self-discharge are accompanied by a decrease in the voltage and energy consumption of the HES. Charging of the HES according to this embodiment is then performed until the increment of voltage, which is measured at the end of each period of rest, reaches
|
['H02J700']
|
summary
|
12,002,191
|
[invention] Embodiments of the invention relate to an image sensor fabricating method. Generally, an image sensor is a semiconductor device that converts optical images into electric signals. The image sensor includes a microlens for condensing incident light onto a photodiode. FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional views of a related art image sensor fabricating method. According to the related art image sensor fabricating method, photoresist patterns 11 are formed in a matrix as illustrated in FIG. 1 . Referring to FIG. 2 , a thermal treatment process, e.g., a reflow process, is performed on the photoresist patterns 11 to form microlenses 11 a. The microlenses 11 a can be formed in a matrix through the above-mentioned processes. In this case, the microlenses 11 a adjacent to each other in a horizontal direction have a predetermined gap “s” between them. The microlenses 11 a adjacent to each other in a vertical direction also have the predetermined gap “s” between them. Due to the limitation in resolution of an exposing apparatus, adjacent photoresist patterns 11 are formed spaced apart from one another by 0.3-0.5 μm. The adjacent microlenses 11 a formed by the thermal treatment process are spaced apart from one another by 0.2-0.4 μm. One important issue in fabricating the image sensor is to increase the sensitivity of the image sensor, i.e., the conversion rate of an incident light signal to an electric signal. In fabricating a high-integrated image sensor, there is a demand for microlenses having a zero gap so as to effectively induce and/or increase the incident light to photodiodes due to reduction of pixel pitch. In forming the microlenses for condensing the incident light, various attempts have been made to provide a zero gap between the microlenses. The zero gap indicates that no gap is formed between the adjacent microlenses. However, limitations in the resolution of an exposing apparatus (e.g., a photolithographic stepper) make it difficult to form a zero gap between the adjacent microlenses.
|
['H01L310232']
|
background
|
12,129,354
|
[summary] A multi-processor according to the first example of the present invention comprises a first control unit which stores first compressed data acquired externally in a first memory, a hardware decoding unit which decodes the first compressed data stored in the first memory and storing the decoded data in a second memory, an encoding processor element which includes at least one of a plurality of processor elements, encodes the decoded data stored in the second memory in accordance with encoding software stored in a third memory, and stores second compressed data obtained by encoding the decoded data in a fourth memory, and a second control unit which outputs the second compressed data stored in the fourth memory to the outside. A multi-processor according to the second example of the present invention comprises a first control unit which stores first compressed data acquired externally in a first memory, a hardware decoding unit which decodes the first compressed data stored in the first memory and stores decoded data in a second memory, an editing processor element which includes at least one of a plurality of processor elements, and generates edited data by editing the decoded data stored in the second memory in accordance with editing software stored in a third memory, an encoding processor element which includes at least one of the plurality of processor elements, encodes the edited data generated by the editing processor element in accordance with encoding software stored in a fourth memory, and stores second compressed data obtained by encoding in a fifth memory, and a second control unit which outputs the second compressed data stored in the fifth memory to the outside. A multi-processor according to the third example of the present invention comprises a first control unit which stores first compressed data acquired externally in a first memory, a hardware decoding unit which decodes the first compressed data stored in the first memory and stores decoded data in a second memory, an editing processor element which includes at least one of a plurality of processor elements, and generates edited data by editing the decoded data stored in the second memory in accordance with editing software stored in a third memory, a hardware encoding unit which encodes the edited data generated by the editing processor element and stores second compressed data obtained by encoding in a fourth memory, and a second control unit which outputs the second compressed data stored in the fourth memory to the outside.
|
['G06F1730']
|
summary
|
12,260,549
|
METHODS AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR DECORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS [SEP] [abstract] A composition for removing a radioactive element or compound such as systemic transuranic compounds, from mammals comprises a pharmaceutical carrier and a decorporation agent comprising ester and amide derivatives of DTPA. A method of treating a mammal to remove systemic compounds utilizing the DTPA derivatives is also disclosed.
|
['A61K31221' 'A61P3904']
|
abstract
|
11,499,641
|
[summary] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a game system with a plurality of game terminals, which can easily set a unit price for each game terminal correspondingly to a time schedule. A first aspect of the present invention solving the above problem provides a game system comprising a server system and a game parlor connected to the server system through a network; the server system forms and retains a unit price schedule data that set a unit price for a predetermined unit time; the game parlor includes a plurality of game terminals connected to a parlor LAN, and a parlor server; the game parlor retains corresponding unit price schedule data sent from the server system to the parlor server; and the plurality of game terminals accesses the parlor server at a time interval shorter than the predetermined unit time to acquire unit price information in accordance with the unit price schedule. In one implementation of the first aspect, when a current unit price acquired by accessing the parlor server is different from a unit price scheduled for a next time period in accordance with the unit price schedule, the plurality of game terminals can change setting of the game unit price to the scheduled unit price. In one implementation, the game system includes a parlor management terminal corresponding to a parlor and the parlor management terminal can perform an update process of the unit price schedule on an interface screen provided from the server system or created through image generation by the parlor management terminal itself. The interface screen provided from the server system may be a web browser screen of the server system. The interface screen created through image generation by the parlor management terminal itself may be created by the parlor management terminal itself with a Java (registered trademark) application provided from the server system. In one implementation, the parlor management terminal registers a plurality of game terminals as a unit price group and applies a corresponding unit price schedule to the game terminals included in the unit price group on the interface screen. In one implementation, each of the plurality of game terminals includes a game device and a settlement terminal linked to the game device; the store management terminal registers the game device and the settlement terminal linked to the game device on the interface screen; and the settlement terminal linked to the registered game device processes a unit price in accordance with the unit price schedule for a game executed on the game device. In one implementation, when the parlor management terminal registers the game device and the settlement terminal linked to the game device, if a plurality of the settlement terminals is associated with one game terminal, registration can be performed to link the plurality of the settlement terminals to the game device constituting the game terminal. A game terminal according to the present invention can be realized with a simple configuration without the need of a configuration including scheduling data, can constitute a game system inexpensively, and can change unit price setup easily.
|
['A63F924']
|
summary
|
12,174,595
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method and system for processing sound signals in a vehicle multimedia system. 2. Related Art Modern vehicle multimedia systems often comprise vehicle interior communication (intercom) systems, which can improve the communication between passengers, especially when high background noise levels are present. Particularly, it is important to provide means for improving the communication between passengers in the backseat and the front seat of the vehicle, since the direction of speech produced by a front passenger is opposite to the direction in which the passenger in the rear seat is located. To improve the communication, speech produced by a passenger is recorded with one or more microphones and reproduced by loudspeakers that are located in close proximity to the listening passengers. As a consequence, sound emitted by the loudspeakers may be detected by the microphones, leading to reverb/echo or feedback, The loudspeakers may also be used to reproduce audio signals from an audio source, such as a radio, a CD player, a navigation system and the like. Again, these audio signal components are detected by the microphone and are put out by the loudspeakers, again leading to reverb or feedback. Furthermore, the background noise level inside the vehicle constantly changes, In city traffic, the background noise level will be very different when the vehicle is standing, e.g., in front of a red traffic light, or when the vehicle is driving at moderate speed. At high vehicle speeds the change in background noise is even higher, for example when accelerating from 70 km/h to 130 km/h. To maintain intervehicle communication or to obtain audible sound from the multimedia system, the vehicle passengers have to continuously adjust the volume/amplification of the multimedia system. Adjustment of the volume can distract the driver and can lead to dangerous situations. Furthermore, the vehicle passengers may want to be entertained during their journey. For this purpose, a karaoke system can be provided inside the vehicle. Such a karaoke system suffers from the same drawbacks as a vehicle intercom system, meaning that the reproduction of the voice from a singing passenger is prone to reverb and feedback. The volume of the sound output of the karaoke system also needs to be constantly adjusted by the passengers, depending on the background noise level inside the passenger compartment. In the art, systems are known that use several microphones to record a voice signal produced by a speaking passenger. The detected sound signals are then processed for beamforming to obtain a directional sound signal in which sound originating from a direction other than a preferred direction is attenuated. The preferred direction is generally the direction in which the speaking passenger is located. That way sound originating from other directions like sound emitted from a loudspeaker is attenuated in the beam formed detected signal, whereby reverberation and feedback is reduced. Furthermore, background noise originating from directions other than the speaking passenger direction is attenuated by the beam former. Such beamforming systems are known from L. J. Griffiths, C. W. Jim: “An Alternative Approach to Linearly Constrained Adaptive Beamforming”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-30, No. 1, pages 24-34, January 1982. To cancel echoes and remove reverberation in recorded sound signals, adaptive filters are known in the art. If music is played back in the passenger compartment while the voice of the passenger is recorded, the components in the recorded signal resulting from a music playback may be attenuated using such an adaptive filter. Adaptive filters and algorithms for filter adaption are described in E. Häusler, G. Schmidt: “Acoustic Echo and Noise Control—A Practical Approach”, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J., USA, 2004. The components from music playback are removed from the recorded signal by generating a compensation signal, which requires a signal from the music source as a reference signal. The compensation signal is then subtracted from the recorded signal. Such a system is described in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,895,095. The compensation of interfering components in the recorded sound signal is performed in the frequency domain, which requires extensive signal processing leading to delay. Delay is a major disadvantage in vehicle intercom systems or karaoke systems, since direct sound signals from the speaking/singing passenger and the sound from the intercom/karaoke system arrive at different times at the listening passengers leading to incomprehensibility. Furthermore, the system does not compensate for interfering signals for which no source signal is available. Furthermore, filter adaption in those systems is a problem for highly correlated sound signals such as voice signals. Present filtering techniques can therefore not provide a high quality sound signal that has been compensated for audio components and reverb/echo that has little time delay and can be utilized in vehicle intercom and karaoke systems. Accordingly, a need exists for improved sound output of vehicle multimedia systems, and in particular, improved sound output to remove reverberation and feedback from detected sound signals while ensuring a good audibility of the sound output even at different background noise levels.
|
['H03G324' 'H04R302']
|
background
|
12,438,895
|
[description] FIG. 1 shows a plot 10 of an ascending aortic pressure waveform and a plot 12 of a deconstruction of the pressure wave into two components: the Forward Wave, which is related to left ventricular activities as a result of the heart's contraction; and the Reflected Wave, which is related to, and mainly reflects, arterial elastic properties. This deconstruction provides a better understanding of the interaction between cardiac and vascular activities and allows for waveform features to be directly related to either cardiac or vascular activity. A calculation of Aortic Pulse Reflection Time (ART) can be made from the plots 10 and 12 using the method disclosed in the PWV application, as will be described in more detail below. An embodiment of the method for determining cardiac output from a non-invasive pressure measurement of a patient will now be described which allows determination of cardiac output. More particularly, the embodiment allows the forward and reflected waves shown in the plot 12 to be calculated non-invasively from parameters available from the Applicant's SphygmoCor (Trade Mark) system (hereafter “the SphygmoCor system”) in pulse wave analysis mode utilising the method disclosed in the PWV application. The features from these waves relate to cardiac output. The general steps in the embodiment of the method for determining cardiac output are as follows: 1. The aortic pressure transit time, both forward and reflected pressure waves (FPW and RPW) are calculated from an arterial, non-invasive central pressure waveform (CPW) measurement that is taken using the SphygmoCor system. To decompose the waveforms, an estimate of the flow wave is needed. The SphygmoCor system is then used, in accordance with the method disclosed in the PWV application, to determine the following parameters: i. The forward Pressure pulse height (Pf) in mmHg; ii. Aortic Pulse Reflection Time (ART) in msec; iii. Un-calibrated flow waveform; iv. Ejection Duration (ED) in msec; v. Heart Rate (HR) in beats/min; and vi. Carotid to Femoral distance (C-F Dist) in mm. 2. Pf is then converted from mmHg to dynes/cm2 using the following formula: Pf (in dynes/cm2)=Pf (in mmHg)×1.3633 980 3. The aortic distance (Aor Dist) is then determined by measuring the superficial distance between the sternal notch to the level of the umbilicus. 4. The ascending aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is then calculated by the following formula: PWV=(Aor Dist)/ART−where Aor Dist is in cm, and ART is in seconds 5. The following water-hammer formula (which relates pressure to velocity in the arteries ignoring pressure wave reflection) is then used to calculate the peak velocity at the aorta: Pf=(ρ*V*PWV)→V=Pf/(ρ*PWV) [Ref (1)] Where: Pf is the forward Pressure pulse height (in dynes/cm2), V is the peak velocity fluctuation in aorta (in cm/sec) (It is noted that, since the velocity starts at zero, then V is the peak velocity), PWV is the Pulse Wave Velocity in to Ascending Aorta (in cm/sec) and p is the density of blood (=1.05g/ml). 6. The ascending aorta cross sectional diameter per square meter of body surface area is calculated using the following formula: DPSM=(0. 0654×Age)+12.63 [Ref (2)] Where
|
['A61B5021']
|
detailed_description
|
12,385,659
|
Building material composition [SEP] [abstract] There is provided a building material composition comprising a filler and a polymer wherein the filler comprises coke and the polymer comprises polyethylene. A process for making the same comprises loading the polyethylene with coke and forming the resulting composition into a building material, the amount of coke being selected depending on the desired building material.
|
['C08L100' 'C08K304']
|
abstract
|
12,177,784
|
[claim] 1. A light-emitting sign device, which has a sign member having a sign surface, and in which a light guide member is provided on a rear surface of the sign member, a light source is provided in the vicinity of a side edge portion of the light guide member, light of the light source is introduced from the side edge portion of the light guide member and the sign member is caused to emit light, the device comprising: a light-scattering layer that scatters the light from the light source, which is formed by coating on the rear surface of the light guide member; and a reflecting member that is provided opposite the light-scattering layer so as to sandwich the light-scattering layer between the reflecting member and the light guide member. 2. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein the light-scattering layer is composed of: a binder layer composed of an acrylic resin, a mixture of nitrocellulose and an alkyd resin, a polycarbonate, a polyurethane resin, a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin or a vinyl chloride resin; and a filler in a form of fine powder composed of an inorganic material containing at least one from silica, glass, alumina, and titanium oxide, or an organic material containing at least one from a polypropylene, a polyethylene, a polycarbonate, a polyester, an acrylic resin, and a silicone resin, the filler being filled into the binder layer so as to be uniformly dispersed therein. 3. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 2, wherein the light-scattering layer contains 2.5 parts by weight to 4 parts by weight of the filler. 4. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein the light-scattering layer has a thickness of 5 μm to 20 μm. 5. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein at least one from among an incandescent lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a cathode ray tube, a super high-pressure mercury vapor lamp, a halogen lamp, and a LED is used as the light source. 6. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting member is composed of a polyester resin, a polycarbonate, or an acrylic resin with fine powder of titanium oxide or fine gas bubbles filled therein. 7. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein the reflecting member is obtained by coating a white coating material containing titanium oxide as the main component. 8. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein a light-diffusing member that diffuses light from the light source is provided between the light guide member and the sign member. 9. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 8, wherein the light-diffusing member is composed of an acrylic resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, a silicone resin, a polypropylene resin, glass, silica or alumina that has a diffusion agent filled therein or coated on the surface thereof. 10. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein the sign member is composed of a transparent member and a sign object sandwiched between the transparent member and the light guide member. 11. The light-emitting sign device according to claim 1, wherein the sign member is composed of a transparent member that has a sign portion formed thereon by engraving or dots.
|
['G09F1318']
|
claim
|
11,208,051
|
[summary] In accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention, some of the problems associated viewing display indicators on motorcycles are overcome. An instrument viewing display system for motorcycles is presented. The instrument viewing display system comprises one or more objects in which motorcycle display indicators for motorcycle systems (e.g., oil pressure, turn signals, high-beam, voltage indicator, low fuel indicator, neutral indicator, etc.) are placed on or in of an object (e.g., an ornamental object) mounted to a motorcycle. The display indicators are immediately viewable in a variety of weather and lighting conditions. The foregoing and other features and advantages of preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description. The detailed description proceeds with references to the accompanying drawings.
|
['B62J600']
|
summary
|
11,584,840
|
[summary] One embodiment provides a power supply. The power supply includes a first amplifier, a first current stage, and a second current stage. The first amplifier is configured to set an output voltage equal to a fixed input voltage for supplying to a device. The first current stage is configured to source and sink a first range of first output currents and provide a first measurement current representing a first output current. The second current stage is configured to source and sink a second range of second output currents and provide a second measurement current representing a second output current in response to the first range being exceeded. The first output current and the second output current are summed for supplying to the device. The first measurement current and the second measurement current are summed at a node.
|
['G01R3136']
|
summary
|
12,208,305
|
METHOD OF REUSING SHIPPING AND PACKING MATERIALS [SEP] [abstract] The inventions relate to systems and methods for reusing recyclable materials used in the manufacturing and transportation of goods, including containers used in the packaging and shipment of such goods. The disclosed systems and methods include the use of data devices to collect and report data associated with the recyclable materials. The data devices may collect information about recyclable materials and containers, including the amount of a deposit paid by a customer for a container, the receipt of the container at a service center and any amounts returned to the customer from a secure merchant account after an inspection of the condition of the container. The data device may also record the condition of the container, whether it is reused, refurbished and reused, or recycled, and how many cycles of use the container experiences.
|
['G06Q9900' 'G06Q2000' 'G06Q5000' 'G06Q9000']
|
abstract
|
11,906,929
|
[summary] Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and systems for the secure distribution and utilization of data over a network. Methods according to embodiments of the present invention may include issuing a certificate and a private key to a client for identifying the client in a transaction. The certificate and private key may be stored in a token used by the client during the transaction. Before distributing data to the client, the client's identity may be verified using the certificate and a digital signature signed using the private key. A message may be generated by a server and associated with the data being downloaded to the client and further associated with the token used by the client during the transaction. Once the client's identity has been verified and a message generated, data may be distributed to the client. A client and a server may communicate over a secure network connection. Using the secure network connection, the server may issue the certificate and private key to the client. The secure network connection may use a secure socket layer protocol or other secure protocol. Prior to issuing a certificate and private key and storing them in the client's token, the server may ask the client to establish a password for the token. The server may also ask the client to establish a password for a client account. The token may interface to the client's computer. The certificate and private key may be stored in the token by writing them to the token across the network. Alternatively, the certificate and private key may be stored in the token by writing them to the token at the server computer. A client may request data to be distributed from a server. Prior to distributing the data, the server may request that the client send the server the client's certificate. The server may also request that the client send the server a digital signature. The server may also request a distinguishing number of the token. Once the server has verified the client's identity, the server may generate a message associated with the data and the token and distribute the data to the client over a network. A system for distributing data over a network according to embodiments of the present invention may include a client computer for requesting data over a network, the client computer being interfaced to the network, a server computer for distributing requested data over a network, the server computer being interfaced to the network, and a token interfaced to the client computer. The server computer may store the certificate and private key in the token. Furthermore, the server computer may verify the identity of the client with the client's certificate in the token before distributing data to the client. A system for distributing data over a network according to embodiments of the present invention may further include a firewall interfaced to the network and a cryptographic processor interfaced to the server computer and the firewall. According to embodiments of the present invention, a third party computer system may interface to the network. The third party computer system may issue a certificate and a private key and stores them in the token. These and other objects, features, and advantages of embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention when read with the drawings and appended claims.
|
['G06F704']
|
summary
|
12,104,183
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a voltage regulator that outputs a constant voltage, and more particularly to an overcurrent protective circuit that reduces an output current to protect a circuit when an overcurrent flows into an output terminal. 2. Description of the Related Art Voltage regulators have been employed as voltage supply sources of circuits in diverse electronic devices. The function of the voltage regulator is to output a constant voltage to the output terminal without being affected by a voltage variation of an input terminal. Also, it is important that the voltage regulator functions as overcurrent protection that reduces an output current to protect a circuit when a current that is supplied to a load from the output terminal increases and exceeds a largest current (for example, refer to JP 2003-29856 A). FIG. 5 shows a circuit diagram showing a voltage regulator having an overcurrent protective circuit. The conventional voltage regulator having the overcurrent protective circuit includes an output voltage divider circuit 2 that divides a voltage at an output terminal VOUT, a reference voltage circuit 3 that outputs a reference voltage, an error amplifier 4 that compares the divided voltage with the reference voltage, an output transistor 1 that is controlled by an output voltage of the error amplifier 4 , and an overcurrent protective circuit 100 . The overcurrent protective circuit 100 includes an output current detection transistor 5 and a detection resistor 6 which are an output current detector circuit that is connected in parallel to the output transistor 1 , and a transistor 7 , a resistor 8 , and an output current control transistor 9 which constitute an output current limiter circuit that is controlled by a voltage of the detection resistor 6 . The above overcurrent protective circuit 100 has a function of protecting a circuit from the overcurrent with the following operation. In the case where the output current of the output terminal VOUT increases, the detection current that is in proportion to the output current flows in the output current detection transistor 5 . The detection current flows in the resistor 6 , thereby allowing a voltage between the gate and the source of the transistor 7 to rise. In this case, when the overcurrent flows in the output terminal VOUT, and the voltage between the gate and the source of the transistor 7 exceeds a threshold voltage due to the detection current that is proportional to the overcurrent, a drain current flows in the transistor 7 . Accordingly, the voltage between the gate and the source of the output current control transistor 9 drops, and a drain current flows in the output current control transistor 9 , thereby allowing the voltage between the gate and the source of the output transistor 1 to rise. With the execution of feedback as described above, the gate of the output transistor 1 is so controlled as to hold the drain current of the output current detection transistor 5 constant. As a result, an increase in the output current is suppressed. However, the output current detection transistor 5 of the overcurrent protective circuit 100 suffers from such a problem that because the drain voltage changes according to the input voltage, a relationship of current between the output current detection transistor 5 and the output transistor 1 is collapsed due to the channel length modulation effect, to thereby deteriorate a precision in the detection of the overcurrent. Accordingly, the overcurrent protective circuit 100 needs to make a voltage V A at the drain (point A) of the output current detection transistor 5 identical with a voltage V B at the drain (point B) of the output transistor 1 , and uses a current mirror circuit as a circuit for achieving the above requirement. The operation will be described below. A current of the same amount as that of the detection current flows by the transistor 11 that is identical in size with the output current detection transistor 5 . The current is reflexed by a first current mirror circuit, and flows in transistors 14 , 15 , and 16 that constitute a second current mirror circuit, thereby making the voltage V A at the point A identical with the voltage V B at the point B. However, the circuit using the above current mirror circuit has a drawback that a current consumption increases because the same current as that of the detection current flows in two paths that pass through transistors 11 , 15 , and 12 and transistors 14 and 13 , respectively. The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an overcurrent protective circuit that is high in detection precision without increasing the current consumption.
|
['G05F1573']
|
background
|
10,541,582
|
[description] In the wine industry, bottling operations typically utilise high speed stoppering machines which subject the cork-type stoppers to large compression forces. These machines typically have a number of compression jaws, which radially compress the stopper from its normal diameter to about one third of its original size. The machines then employ a ram to force the compressed stoppers directly into the bottle openings where the stoppers expand creating a tight interference fit in the neck of the bottles, and thus seal the bottle. Naturally, therefore, the stoppers for use in the apparatus and method of the present invention should have a compressible body. It is preferred that the stopper body be formed of a material that can be compressed by at least 5 percent, more preferably by at least 10 percent, even more preferably by at least 20 percent, and preferably by at least 30 percent. A number of materials having these properties may be used. Most preferably, however, the stoppers produced with the present invention have bodies formed from natural cork, agglomerated cork, micro-agglomerated cork, or a combination thereof. The stoppers are usually elongate and may have any of a variety of cross-sectional shapes, with the shape of the stopper essentially being determined by the shape of the opening it is intended to seal. As mentioned previously, however, the stoppers will most typically have a generally cylindrical body and the end of the stopper will usually have a generally circular cross-sectional configuration for insertion into the container opening. The end of the stopper may not be entirely planar, however. For example, a peripheral edge region at the end of the stopper may be tapered or chamfered, and/or the end may have a stepped configuration. The method and apparatus of the present invention concern the application of a film coating to the stopper, and the film itself is preferably a polymeric film. The polymeric film desirably has multiple layers and includes an outer barrier layer and an inner adhesive layer. The barrier layer preferably has a low permeability to hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide, and is substantially impermeable to organic molecules with molecular weights greater than 40. A number of barrier layers are known in the art that can be utilised to achieve this result. Preferably, the barrier layer includes one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyethylene and copolymers thereof, polypropylene and copolymers thereof, polyethylene Terepthalate and copolymers thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate and polyvinyl acetate and copolymers thereof, ethylene acrylic acetate, ethylene acetic alcohol, polyvinylchloride and copolymers thereof, polydivinylchloride and copolymers thereof, polyvinyidichloride and copolymers thereof, polyvinylacetate and copolymers thereof, ethylene vinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers thereof, polyurethane and copolymers thereof, polyacrylonitrile and copolymers thereof, cellophane, polyamines, polycarbonates, polystyrene and copolymers thereof, polyalkylene oxides and copolymers thereof, polyethylene oxides and copolymers thereof, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, and metal, aluminium oxide, silica and silicon polymers. A preferred barrier film has a multi-layer structure and includes PVDC, PDVC, EVOH, EM or metal. The barrier layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 1 to 50 micron, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20 micron, and most preferably in the range of 5 to 15 micron. The adhesive layer may be laminated to the barrier layer, or it may be added to the film or the cork by way of a spray or extrusion. Suitable adhesive layers include heat activated adhesive compounds (eg in a laminated layer) and hot-melt adhesive compounds (eg applied to the film as a spray or extrusion). Suitable adhesive compounds therefore include ethylene vinyl acetate, polyamides, acrylics, methyl methacrylate based polymers, starch based adhesive, carbohydrate based adhesives, protein based adhesives, animal glues, rubber, silicone, epoxy, melamine-formaldehyde based, unsaturated polyesters, urea-formaldehyde resins, resorcinol, phenolic, anaerobic adhesives, urethanes, polysulfides, polyvinyl and ethylene vinyl acetates, ethylene acrylic acetate, and ethylene acetic alcohol. Particularly preferred adhesives are ethylene vinyl acetate homopolymer or co-polymer or modified ethylene vinyl acetate. The adhesive layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 10 micron, and more preferably in the range of 1 to 5 micron. If a heat activated adhesive is used, it preferably has an activation temperature greater than about 40° C., more preferably greater than about 60° C., and most preferably greater than about 80° C. Yet more preferably the activation temperature is between 120° C. and 190° C. Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, an example of an apparatus (100) according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated. The apparatus (100) includes linear conveyor means (10) for transporting cork stoppers (1) through the apparatus. The conveyor means (10) includes a chain conveyor (11) having a plurality of transport carriages (12) mounted thereon. Each of the carriages (12) defines eight holding receptacles (13), each of which is designed to receive a single stopper (1). The chain conveyor (11) is motor-driven via chain wheels (14) in the direction shown by the arrows. More particularly, the chain conveyor is driven in an indexed or step-wise fashion in order to transport the stopper carriages (12) to precise positions within the apparatus at specific time intervals. A loading device (20) is also provided for loading the stoppers (1) into the carriages (12) on the chain conveyor. The loading device (20) includes a hopper (21), which tapers at the bottom to channel or direct the stoppers into the separate holding receptacles (13) of each carriage. This hopper (21) will typically be automatically controlled and operated via a motor (22) to dispense the cork stoppers to the carriages (12) at specific intervals. Some suitable sensor may be provided to signal the dispensing mechanism that the next carriage is in place and ready to receive corks from the hopper. The loading device (20) is designed to fill four of the eight holding receptacles (13) in each of the carriages. The other four receptacles are filled by a cork-return device, as will be described later. The apparatus (100) also includes a device (30) designed to cut
|
['B32B3700']
|
detailed_description
|
11,847,039
|
System and Method of Overlaying and Integrating Data with Geographic Mapping Applications [SEP] [abstract] The present invention embodiments include a geographic overlay system including an information system, a mapping system interface to communicate with a mapping system and a database system including National Census geographic boundaries and data files. The geographic overlay system utilizes a client/server model that streams geographic data from a server system to dynamically render vector-based map layers inside a client browser. The geographic overlay system employs a Nationwide database of Census geographies that may be rendered as interactive point, line or polygon objects over a National base map provided by the mapping system. A database builder interface enables users to build the database and server pages. The present invention embodiments overlay translucent, interactive dynamically generated vector-based polygonal Census boundary map layers over geographical maps from the mapping system. The overlaying vector map layers perform thematic analysis, enable information retrieval, display mouse-over tool-tips and query a dynamic block-level National spatial-relational database.
|
['G06F3048']
|
abstract
|
11,082,183
|
System and method for managing a computer network [SEP] [abstract] A system and method for managing a distribution network is provided. A management system obtains a network topology of physical locations and usage data for each identified location. The management system displays a set of possible distribution configurations for each location. The management system generates configuration recommendations based upon the specified distribution configuration.
|
['G06F15173']
|
abstract
|
10,549,433
|
[description] The process according to the invention comprises reacting an alkaloid or a mixture of alkaloids in an organic solvent with an alkylating agent, preferably with an alkylating agent having itself therapeutic activity, such as for example cytotoxic phosphoramides or phosphoric acid derivatives containing at least one aziridine group, and then washing the reaction products with water. The washing step with water or an equivalent aqueous solvent, e.g. a mild salt solution, facilitates inter alia the subsequent conversion step of the poorly water-soluble or water-insoluble reaction products, i.e. quaternary alkaloid derivatives, into water-soluble compounds, e.g. salts. It is preferred that in case the alkylating agent is a cytotoxic substance it be also water-soluble or at least to decompose upon contact with water into water-soluble components, in order to allow for substantial removal of unreacted alkylating agent or parts thereof from the reaction mixture by the washing step with water. The washing step with water allows to substantially simplify the manufacturing process since complicated safety precautions owing to the risk of explosion of purely organic solvents, e.g. dimethylether, no longer need to be taken, thus making the process easily upscalable. Moreover, undesired water-soluble components present in the reaction mixture are thereby separated from the reaction products and removed. Surprisingly, it was also found that the washing step has a positive impact on the structure and composition of the reaction products in a way such that the efficiency of the subsequent conversion step of the products into a water-soluble form is augmented by up to 10 to 15 times compared with a process where the washing step is carried out using a purely organic solvent, thus remarkably improving the yield of the desired end product. The present process can be used, for example, for alkylating reactions of alkaloids with the carcinostatic phosphorus containing compounds mentioned in Claim 1 of AT 377 988, the phosphorus compounds shown in FIG. 3 of the present application being particularly suitable, and most particularly those having an aziridine group. The term chelidonine as used herein shall refer likewise to either of the members selected from the group consisting of chelidonine, oxychelidonine and methoxychelidonine, unless stated otherwise or unless otherwise derivable implicitly from the description. A suitable organic solvent according to the present invention is any agent in which the alkaloids intended for the reaction are soluble. The alkaloids can, for example, be dissolved in an organic solvent that facilitates or contributes to the alkylation reaction such as solvent selected from the group consisting of monochloromethane, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, monochloroethane, dichloroethane and trichloroethane. The alkylating reaction of the alkaloids takes place at elevated temperature, preferably at the boiling point of the solvent. The resulting reaction product is converted into a water-soluble form after washing with water. This can be carried out according to the process described in AT 377 988 and AT 354 644, by conversion into the water-soluble salts, in particular into the hydrochlorides, for example by passing in a strong acid in liquid or gaseous form such as HCl gas or adding an HCl solution to the organic solution of the washed reaction product, during which or after which the hydrochlorides are precipitated. It appears that by this acidic treatment most of the alkylating agent is split off from an intermediate reaction compound formed between the alkaloids and the alkylating agent, leaving behind modified alkaloid derivatives, wherein the initially tertiary nitrogen atoms have been converted into quaternary nitrogens, wherein to the quaternary nitrogen a hydrogen residue or a residue originating from the alkylating agent is bound as a fourth ligand, the residue preferably being selected from the group consisting of a methyl, ethyl, and tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulphide residue, or from a part of tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulphide. For a better understanding, the subsequent formula (I) illustrates a typical quaternary alkaloid reaction product of the present invention, exemplified with chelidonine: R1=methyl, ethyl, tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulphide, methyl-R2, ethyl-R2, R2 being a part of tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulphide From an elementary analysis of one of the reaction products precipiated according to the present invention (see Example 3) it appears—without being bound by theory—that at least a part of the alkylating agent or decomposition compounds of the alkylating agent, obtained by the acidic treatment of the reaction mixture after termination of the alkylating, e.g. quaternating reaction, may be occluded to some extent in the crystals of the precipitate or are somehow strongly attached to the crystals, thus withstanding purification of the precipitate by washing with organic solvents such as ether and dichloromethane. Nevertheless it could be proved that the reaction product is still fully functional even in the presence of such accompanying substances. The water-soluble salt of the reaction product is suitable for application in injection solutions. In an embodiment of the invention, the reaction is carried out with tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulphide (CAS No. 52-24-4), which in the pharmacopoeia is also known as thiotepa. Further synonyms are ledertepa, Onco thiotepa, TESPA, tespamine, thiophosphamide, thio-TEPA, thiotriethylenephosphoramide, tifosyl, triaziridinylphosphine sulphide, N,N′,N″-tri 1,2-ethanediylphosphorothioine triamide; N,N′,N″-tri-1,2-ethanediylthiophosphoramide, tri-(ethyleneimino)thiophosphoramide; N,N′,N″-triethylenethiophosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphiorotriamide, m-triethylenethiophosphoramide, m-tris(aziridin-1-yl)phosphine sulphide, triethylenethiophosphoramide, tris(1-aziridinyl)phosphine sulphor, tris (ethyleneimino)thiophosphate,
|
['C07D47102' 'A61K314745']
|
detailed_description
|
12,268,120
|
[invention] The ability of a craftsperson to form line joinery such as cabinetry is often the true measure of the person's woodworking skill. Poorly fitting joints may detract from the overall projects aesthetics and functionality, especially for line cabinetry. Proper fit and assembly often require a high level of skill or a large time commitment on behalf of a novice woodworker. To aid in the process, a woodworker will often employ a jig or form to assist in proper joint formation. Too often these jigs tend to be complex to set-up for use, difficult to understand how adjustments impact the finished workpiece, and lack efficient methods for reestablishing commonly made joinery, such as dovetails, box joints, and mortise and tenon joints. Novice woodworkers may even tend to avoid forming line joinery, instead selecting a simpler joint such as a butt-joint rather than attempt to implement a complex or non-intuitive jig. Expert woodworkers, in contrast, may become frustrated with the set-up time required for the jig device. The effectiveness of a jig may be judged on the ability of a user to rapidly set the jig for the desired joint in an intuitive manner. Typical jig devices may lack the ability to form a wide variety of joints. As a result, a woodworker may have to obtain a different device in order to make a desired joint, for example, a user may own a jig for making drawers and an entirely separate jig for aiding in formation of a mortise and tenon joint to assemble a table leg and rail. In addition to the expense, these devices may consume valuable workshop space. While some devices permit the formation of various types of joinery such as through dovetails, half-blind dovetails of various fixed spacings, and box joints, a user may tend to accept a lesser quality joint due to set-up errors, or be required to conduct lest cuts to ensure the desired fit is obtained, for example, if a router bit does not extend sufficiently, below the template, into a workpiece the resultant assembled workpiece, such as two sides of a drawer joined by a half-blind dovetail, may have a loose joint. Correspondingly, if the cutting bit extends too far into the workpiece the joint may be too tight. In either case, remedial action may be required for the pieces forming the assembled workpiece to meet user demands or another set of individual workpieces must be shaped. Other jig alignment issues may also affect the overall fit and finish of the resultant workpiece. Examples include the relative position of a template with respect to the workpiece. For instance, improper alignment of an end of a workpiece with respect to a template may result in a joint which is either loose or too light. In additional instances, some existing jigs fail to offer convenient workpiece positioning and securing. For example, when forming half-blind dovetails in a single pass (when both the pins and tails are formed in a single operation) the workpieces are off-set from each other, along the length of the joint, to account for the spacing between pins/tails so that the workpieces align in the desired fashion. To accomplish the foregoing in a ½″ (one-half inch) half-blind dovetail, the workpieces are off-set along their width or a secondary axis of the board by a ½″ (one-half inch) to ensure at least a partial pin is formed on either end of the workpiece or board. Once properly positioned, a workpiece is required to be firmly secured to prevent inadvertent movement during a shaping or cutting operation. Difficulties with some securing devices include the inability of the securing device to effectuate both coarse and fine adjustment in a convenient manner, for example, some securing devices may be difficult for the user to secure while properly positioning the workpiece. Commonly, joined workplaces are typically secured at right angles to each other. If a non-perpendicular joint is desired, a woodworker may be forced to hand form the joint or purchase/construct a jig for accommodating the desired angle. Typically, such non-standard joints are only attempted by experienced woodworkers who demand devices having full features. For example, a triangular table having three legs connected via a rail adjacent the support surface requires that a mortise and tenon joint be formed with an acute angle. As a result, in order for a jig to be considered for purchase by a skilled woodworker, the jig should offer the capability to form non-standard angular joints. In addition to the difficulties experienced in setting-up the jig, dust and debris generated by operation of a hand-held router removing material, from the work piece during shaping operations, may be problematic to remove or tend to get caught between the router sub-base plate and the fingers/template. This may require a user to halt operations to remove the dust and debris away from the working area before recommencing operations. This may slow overall progress and become an annoyance to the woodworker. Therefore, it would be desirable to provide an apparatus configured for aiding efficient, intuitive joint formation without the drawbacks experienced in the prior art.
|
['B27C500']
|
background
|
11,271,183
|
[claim] 1. A wire harness connector comprising: a plug housing having a plurality of terminal insertion holes horizontally passing through the body thereof and an opening vertically formed in the central portion of the body thereof; a locking member inserted into the opening for fixing terminals inserted into the terminal insertion holes; and a cap housing having connection pins inserted into and connected to the terminals, and receiving the plug housing so as to be connected to the plug housing under the condition that the locking member is inserted into the opening, wherein a front opening portion and a rear opening portion respectively extend forwards and backwards from the central portion of the opening of the plug housing, an elastic central portion formed integrally with the locking member is seated in the front and rear opening portions so as to interconnect the plug housing and the cap housing, at least one guide, the upper surface of which is inclined such that the upper surface becomes higher from the front end of the guide to the rear end of the guide, is formed on the side surface of the central portion, and at least one sliding wall sliding along the upper surface of the guide is formed on the upper inner wall of the cap housing. 2. The wire harness connector as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the central portion of the locking member comprises a lower body formed integrally with a base portion of the locking member, and an upper body bent from the lower body in a C shape and elastically rotated against the lower body; and a protrusion, the front surface of which is inclined, is formed on the upper surface of the upper body, the rear end of the upper body is bent upwards, and a press plate is formed on the bent rear end of the upper body. 3. The wire harness connector as set forth in claim 1, wherein two guides having a designated height are formed at both sides of the central portion, and two sliding walls having a length corresponding to the height of the guides are formed on the upper inner wall of the cap housing at positions corresponding to the positions of the guides. 4. The wire harness connector as set forth in claim 1, wherein fixing protrusions, which are elastically pressed and biased out, are formed on the rear surfaces of both side bodies of the locking member, fixing holes are formed in the rear surface of the opening at positions corresponding to the positions of the fixing protrusions, and, when the locking member is completely inserted into the opening, the fixing protrusions pass over the fixing holes and are latched onto the upper surfaces of the terminal insertion holes of the plug housing. 5. The wire harness connector as set forth in claim 1, wherein a latching protrusion is formed on the front surface of the central portion of the locking member, and a latching piece provided with a rectangular hole is protruded from the front end of the front opening portion of the plug housing so that the latching protrusion is inserted into the rectangular hole. 6. The wire harness connector as set forth in claim 1, wherein protection plates having a height corresponding to the height of the press plate are formed on upper surfaces of both sides of the rear opening portion of the plug housing.
|
['H01R13514']
|
claim
|
11,271,951
|
[summary] The invention presented herein is specifically configured and applied to provide a battery powered squeeze-operated plush toy, doll or the like having designated illuminated or glowing parts that represent eyes. A light illuminating source such as a light emitting diode is mounted inside the plush toy's designated glowing parts. This relatively cool and very safe diode element is positioned beneath or behind an external surface of the toy's designated glowing parts so as to internally illuminate such parts when the light source is activated. A battery powered source is located within the toy with a wiring circuit within the figure that electrically connects the battery power source and the light emitting source. The battery power source activates the light emitting source when manually pressed. The toy may further include a timing circuit for automatically de-energizing the light source after a predetermined period. For example, and in no way limiting as to the scope of appended claims, such period may be two minutes. In particular, the present invention provides a toy which is safe and especially suitable for use by young children for creative play and especially at bedtime. Such a toy would typically have a pair of eyes, but of course may include only a single eye or perhaps more than two. In a method of using this unique toy, a small child ready for sleep would engage the toy so as to activate the circuit and illuminate the eyes. The child will continue to enjoy the toy as the room lights are extinguished. If the timing circuit completes its cycle and the illumination of the toy's eyes ceases, the child can simply put manual pressure on the toy to restore illumination and continue creative play until both the child and the toy are “asleep.” The external surface material of the plush toy (beneath which the LED is mounted) is substantially translucent so as to pass light from the LED, thus simulating the eye of the animal or other creature represented by the toy. As an added feature, the external surface further includes a generally opaque portion or region of the simulated eye, which region is formed in the shape of a simulated pupil/iris. Thus, the effect of the light passing from the LED through the substantially translucent material surface and blocked by the generally opaque region is to display a glowing image of an open eye. The opaque regions may be small or large relative to the overall eye surfaces, and may be relatively positioned in a manner so as to lend entertaining facial expressions to the toy.
|
['A63H338' 'A63H3326']
|
summary
|
12,540,581
|
[summary] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a magnesium alloy, which is able to overcome the above mentioned disadvantages of the state of the art and, moreover, has a higher creep resistance. The object is solved by a metal alloy containing magnesium or magnesium alloy, containing 1 to 9% by weight of aluminum (Al), 0.5 to 5% by weight of barium (Ba), 0.5 to 5% by weight of calcium (Ca), the balance being magnesium (Mg) and inevitable production-related impurities, based on the total weight of the alloy. Preferably, the inevitable production-related impurities amount in total to no more than 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the alloy. The proportion of aluminum is preferably 2 to 7% by weight, more preferably 3 to 6% by weight. The proportion of barium is preferably 1 to 4% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 3% by weight. The proportion of calcium is preferably 1 to 4% by weight, more preferably 1.5 to 3% by weight. The magnesium alloy of the invention may additionally include zinc, tin, lithium, manganese, yttrium, neodymium, cerium and/or praseodymium in proportions of up to 7% by weight, respectively. The magnesium alloy of the invention may be used in a multiplicity of application areas; preferably it is used in the production of components for automotives, vessels and/or aeroplanes, more preferably in the production of power trains and components thereof.
|
['C22C2302' 'C22C3000' 'C22C3004']
|
summary
|
12,372,926
|
[description] There are provided compounds of the formula wherein X is oxygen or hydrogen/hydroxy, W is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, ethynyl and cyclopropyl, Y is hydrogen or fluorine R1, R2, R3 and R4 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and substituted cycloalkenyl, with the proviso that one of R1/R2or R3/R4 is hydrogen and the other is not hydrogen, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof. Preferred are compounds of formula I wherein W is halogen X is oxygen, Y is hydrogen, R1 is hydrogen, R4 is hydrogen, R2 and R3 are selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxyl, substituted lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, heterocycle, substituted heterocycle, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and substituted cycloalkenyl. Further preferred are compounds of formula I wherein W is chlorine X is oxygen, Y is hydrogen, R1 is hydrogen, R4 is hydrogen, R3 is a meta-halogen substituted phenyl with or without further substitution and R2 is selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, aryl, and substituted aryl. Especially preferred are compounds selected from the group consisting of rac-(1R,6S)-3-bromo-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)3-iodospiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,4S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-3-iodospiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indol]-2′(1′H)-one, rac-(1R,4S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-4-hydroxyspiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indol]-2′(1′H)-one, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methylspiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(E)-(1-propenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(E)-(1-propenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylethenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(methylethenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,4S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl)-4-hydroxyspiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indol]-2′(1′H)-one, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-ethoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,4S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyspiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indol]-2′(1′H)-one, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, (1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, (1S,6R)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-3-(5-chloro-2-ethoxyphenyl)-6-(3-chlorophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-phenoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-3-(4-chloro-2-ethoxyphenyl)-6-(3-chlorophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-3-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3-chlorophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-ethoxy-5-methylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-furanyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(1-cyclohexenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[3-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[3-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl)]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-3-(3-carboxyphenyl)-6-(3-chlorophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1S,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-cyanophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-cyanophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-propoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-propoxyphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-methyl-5-t-butylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-t-butylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-3-pyridyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-3-pyridyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-BOC-aminophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,6-dihydro-2H-BOC-pyridyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-dihydro-2H-BOC-pyridyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-formylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-ethylenephenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-ethylenephenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-methylthiophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-methylthiophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-dimethylacetamidophenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione, rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-3-dimethylacetamido phenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione and rac-(1R,6S)-6′-chloro-6-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)spiro[2-cyclohexene-1,3′-[3H]indole]-2′,4(1′H)-dione. The term “alkyl” refers to straight- or branched-chain saturated hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, including groups having from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, alkyl substituents may be lower alkyl substituents. The term “lower alkyl” refers to alkyl groups having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in certain embodiments from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, and s-pentyl. As used herein, “cycloalkyl” is intended to refer to any stable monocyclic or polycyclic system which consists of carbon atoms only, any ring of which being saturated, and the term “cycloalkenyl” is intended to refer to any stable monocyclic or polycyclic system which consists of carbon atoms only, with at least one ring thereof being partially unsaturated. Examples of cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, adamantyl, cyclooctyl, bicycloalkyls, including bicyclooctanes such as [2.2.2]bicyclooctane or [3.3.0]bicyclooctane, bicyclononanes such as [4.3.0]bicyclononane, and bicyclodecanes such as [4.4.0]bicyclodecane (decalin), or spiro compounds. Examples of cycloalkenyls include, but are not limited to, cyclopentenyl or cyclohexenyl. The term “alkenyl” as used herein means an unsaturated straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing one double bond and having 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of such “alkenyl group” are vinyl ethenyl, allyl, isopropenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl and 5-hexenyl. The term “alkynyl” as used herein means an unsaturated straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing one triple bond and having 2 to 6, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of such “alkynyl group” are ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl and 5-hexynyl. The term “halogen” as used in the definitions means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, preferably fluorine and chlorine. “Aryl” means a monovalent, monocyclic or bicyclic, aromatic carbocyclic hydrocarbon radical, preferably a 6-10 member aromatic ring system. Preferred aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, and xylyl. “Heteroaryl” means an aromatic heterocyclic ring system containing up to two rings. Preferred heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, oxazolyl, thiaxolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinyl, imidazole and tetrazolyl. In the case of aryl or heteroaryl which are bicyclic it should be understood that one ring may be aryl while the other is heteroaryl and both being substituted or unsubstituted. “Heterocycle” means a substituted or unsubstituted 5 to 8 membered, mono- or bicyclic, non-aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein 1 to 3 carbon atoms are replaced by a hetero atom selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom. Examples include pyrrolidin-2-yl; pyrrolidin-3-yl; piperidinyl; morpholin-4-yl and the like. “Hetero atom” means an atom selected from N, O and S. “Alkoxy, alkoxyl or lower alkoxy” refers to any of the above lower alkyl groups attached to an oxygen atom. Typical lower alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy or propoxy, butyloxy and the like. Further included within the meaning of alkoxy are multiple alkoxy side chains, e.g. ethoxy ethoxy, methoxy ethoxy, methoxy ethoxy ethoxy and the like and substituted alkoxy side chains, e.g., dimethylamino ethoxy, diethylamino ethoxy, dimethoxy-phosphoryl methoxy and the like. In the specification where indicated the various groups may be substituted by 1-5 or, preferably, 1-3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower-alkenyl, lower-alkynyl, dioxo-lower-alkylene (forming e.g. a benzodioxyl group), halogen, hydroxy, CN, CF3, NH2, N(H, lower-alkyl), N(lower-alkyl)2, aminocarbonyl, carboxy, NO2, lower-alkoxy, thio-lower-alkoxy, lower-alkylsufonyl, aminosulfonyl, lower-alkylcarbonyl, lower-alkylcarbonyloxy, lower-alkoxycarbonyl, lower-alkyl-carbonyl-NH, fluoro-lower-alkyl, fluoro-lower-alkoxy, lower-alkoxy-carbonyl-lower-alkoxy, carboxy-lower-alkoxy, carbamoyl-lower-alkoxy, hydroxy-lower-alkoxy, NH2-lower-alkoxy, N(H, lower-alkyl)-lower-alkoxy, N(lower-alkyl)2-lower-alkoxy, benzyloxy-lower-alkoxy, mono- or di-lower alkyl substituted amino-sulfonyl and lower-alkyl which can optionally be substituted with halogen, hydroxy, NH2, N(H, lower-alkyl) or N(lower-alkyl)2. Preferred substituents for the cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl and heterocycle rings are halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl, carboxy, carboxy lower alkoxy and CN. Preferred substituents for alkyl are alkoxy and N(lower alkyl)2. “Pharmaceutically acceptable,” such as pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, etc., means pharmacologically acceptable and substantially non-toxic to the subject to which the particular compound is administered. “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to conventional acid-addition salts or base-addition salts that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of the present invention and are formed from suitable non-toxic organic or inorganic acids
|
['A61K31404' 'C07D20996' 'C07D40502' 'C07D41302' 'A61P3500' 'C07D40102'
'A61K314439' 'A61K31422']
|
detailed_description
|
12,420,977
|
[claim] 1. A suspension system for a wheel or ski having two degrees of freedom with respect to a body of a vehicle, comprising: a roll suspension mechanism attached to the body, the roll suspension mechanism providing a pre-determined amount of camber control to the wheel or ski during roll motion; a dive suspension mechanism attached to the wheel or ski, the dive suspension mechanism providing a pre-determined amount of camber control to the wheel or ski during dive and bump motion; a suspension linkage connecting the roll suspension mechanism to the dive suspension mechanism; and a locking linkage connected to the roll suspension mechanism, the locking linkage configured to lock out the roll suspension mechanism during dive motion such that only the dive suspension mechanism is responsive, and the locking linkage further configured to activate the roll suspension mechanism during roll or one-wheel bump motion such that both the dive and roll suspension mechanisms are simultaneously responsive. 2. The suspension system of claim 1, wherein the vehicle comprises two or more wheels or skis, each having dive suspension and roll suspension mechanisms associated therewith. 3. The suspension system of claim 1, wherein the suspension linkage comprises upper and lower control arms, an a-arm, a strut, a swing arm, an I-beam or a trailing arm. 4. The suspension system of claim 3, wherein the lower control arm of the suspension linkage connects an underside of the body to a lower end of a strut in the dive suspension mechanism and the upper control arm of the suspension linkage connects a lower portion of the body to an upper end of the strut in the dive suspension mechanism. 5. The suspension system of claim 1, wherein the dive suspension mechanism comprises an adjustable strut, dampener and spring assembly. 6. The suspension system of claim 5, wherein the dive suspension mechanism further comprises a dive upright attached to the wheel or ski, upper and lower frame arms connected to upper and lower ends of the dive upright, and a frame upright having an upper end connected adjacent to a distal end of the upper frame arm and a lower end connected adjacent to a distal end of the lower frame arm, in relation to the dive upright, and wherein a lower end of the strut, dampener and spring assembly is connected adjacent to the lower end of the dive upright and an upper end of the strut, dampener and spring assembly is connected adjacent to the upper end of the frame upright. 7. The suspension system of claim 6, wherein the suspension linkage is connected to both the upper and lower ends of the frame upright. 8. The suspension system of claim 1, wherein the roll suspension mechanism comprises a roll bell crank pivotally attached to an upper portion of the body and an adjustable roll dampener connecting the roll bell crank to another portion of the body such that the roll dampener regulates pivotal movement of the roll bell crank, and a push rod connecting the roll bell crank to a lower end of the dive suspension mechanism. 9. The suspension system of claim 8, wherein the locking linkage is connected to the roll bell crank and restricts pivotal movement thereof. 10. The suspension system of claim 1, wherein the roll suspension mechanism comprises a pair of hydraulic shocks mounted on opposite sides of the body such that an upper end of each hydraulic shock is attached to an upper portion of the body and a lower end of each hydraulic shock is attached proximate to a lower end of the dive suspension mechanism. 11. The suspension system of claim 10, wherein the locking linkage is a hydraulic linkage between the pair of hydraulic shocks such that the pair of hydraulic shocks are prevented from both extending or contracting simultaneously. 12. A suspension system for a pair of wheels or skis having two degrees of freedom with respect to a body of a vehicle, comprising: a roll suspension mechanism attached to the body, the roll suspension mechanism providing a pre-determined amount of camber control to the pair of wheels or skis during roll motion; a dive suspension mechanism attached to each of the pair of wheels or skis, the dive suspension mechanism comprising an adjustable strut, dampener and spring assembly and providing a pre-determined amount of camber control to the pair of wheels or skis during dive and bump motion, the dive suspension mechanism further comprising a dive upright attached to the pair of wheels or skis, upper and lower frame arms connected to upper and lower ends of the dive upright, and a frame upright having an upper end connected adjacent to a distal end of the upper frame arm and a lower end connected adjacent to a distal end of the lower frame arm, in relation to the dive upright, and wherein a lower end of the strut, dampener and spring assembly is connected adjacent to the lower end of the dive upright and an upper end of the strut, dampener and spring assembly is connected adjacent to the upper end of the frame upright; a suspension linkage connecting the roll suspension mechanism to the dive suspension mechanism; and a locking linkage connected to the roll suspension mechanism, the locking linkage configured to lock out the roll suspension mechanism during dive motion such that only the dive suspension mechanism is responsive, and the locking linkage further configured to activate the roll suspension mechanism during roll or one-wheel bump motion such that both the dive and roll suspension mechanisms are simultaneously responsive. 13. The suspension system of claim 12 wherein the suspension linkage comprises upper and lower control arms, an a-arm, a strut, a swing arm, an I-beam or a trailing arm. 14. The suspension system of claim 13, wherein the lower control arm of the suspension linkage connects an underside of the body to a lower end of a strut in the dive suspension mechanism and the upper control arm
|
['B60G2105']
|
claim
|
11,443,226
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to a semiconductor device. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a semiconductor device having an element isolating region provided with a trench and an insulating film embedded in the trench, and a manufacturing method thereof. 2. Description of the Related Art In MOS transistors, while insulating films which constitute side walls are formed on side walls of gate electrodes of these MOS transistors, impurities are implanted in both ends of the insulating films so as to form source regions and drain regions. There are many cases in which crystalline defects may occur in silicon substrates at edge portions of the source regions and drain regions of MOS transistors. As one such method that is capable of preventing the above-described crystalline defects, JP-A-08-97210 (patent publication No. 1) discloses a semiconductor device structure, as indicated in FIG. 8 , in which the oxide film is interposed between the side surface of the Gate electrode, the silicon nitride film which constitutes the side wall, and the substrate under this silicon nitride film. Also, nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices capable of electrically writing/erasing data can be easily used, for instance, data are rewritable under such a condition that these nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices are assembled on wiring boards. As a result, these nonvolatile semiconductor memory devices have been widely utilized in various sorts of products which require memories. More specifically, electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROM, will be also referred to as “flash memories” hereinafter) own such a function capable of electrically erasing data of a predetermined range (e.g., all memory cells of a memory array, or a predetermined memory cell group of a memory array) within a memory array in a batch manner. Furthermore, since flash memories may have 1-transistor stacked layer gate structures, memory cells thereof may be gradually made compact and, therefore, higher levels of integration of these memory cells may be greatly expected. A 1-transistor stacked layer gate structure, constituting one nonvolatile memory cell (will be abbreviated as “memory cell” hereinafter), is basically formed of one two-layer gate metal-insulator-silicon field-effect transistor (will be abbreviated as “MISFET” hereinafter). This two-layer gate MISFET is formed in such a way that a floating gate electrode is formed via a tunnel insulating film on a semiconductor substrate, and, further, a control gate electrode is stacked via an interlayer film on this formed floating gate electrode. A data storing operation is carried out in which electrons are injected into the floating gate electrode and electrons are extracted from the floating gate electrode. As to flash memories, both a parallel type flash memory having such a memory array structure, and a method of using this parallel type flash memory are disclosed in, for example, JP-A-08-97210. This parallel type flash memory is constructed by containing a plurality of memory cells which are arranged in a matrix shape on a semiconductor substrate in such a manner that source/drain regions of the above-explained plural memory cells are parallel connected to each other in the respective rows of this matrix, and word lines are elongated in the respective columns of this matrix. This sort of flash memory is also referred to as an “AND type flash memory.” However, the Inventors of the present invention have found that the memory structures of the above-described prior art cannot sufficiently suppress crystalline defects which occur in substrates of active regions containing source regions, drain regions, and the like. The reason for this is given as follows: the occurrences of the crystalline defects not only result from stresses of gate electrodes, but also stresses produced from element isolating regions as well as factors caused by implanted impurities, which may have unduly large influences. The Inventors of the present invention have also found the below-mentioned problems in the development of semiconductor integrated circuit devices having the above-described AND type configured flash memories. Namely, since flash memories are being manufactured with higher levels of integration, memory cells are correspondingly made very fine. At the same time, occurrence of crystalline defects in substrates have correspondingly increased. Therefore, such has been determined that junction leaks in the memory cells may occur many times, so that data reading failures may occur in these memory cells, or data destroy modes may occur. This crystalline defect may be caused by, for instance, stresses produced in regions into which impurity ions have been implanted, and stresses produced in the forming steps of either gate electrodes or element isolating portions. More specifically, in such a case that an element isolating portion is constructed of a shallow trench isolation (Shallow Trench Isolation; will be referred to as “STI” hereinafter), such a fact could be seen that a large number of crystalline defects are produced in a substrate. An STI is formed in such a manner that, for example, after a shallow trench has been formed in a substrate, an insulating film is embedded inside this trench and a surface of this embedded insulating film is, furthermore, flattened (i.e., planarized). However, at a thermal processing step higher than, or equal to 800° C., which is executed after the STI has been formed, a volume expansion may occur which is caused by the growth of an oxide film on a side wall of the trench, and this volume expansion is restricted by the insulating film embedded inside the trench, so that compression stresses are produced in the substrate, which may cause the occurrences of the crystalline defects. This compression stress may be easily concentrated to such a place that a width of an active region is relatively narrow and also pattern density is relatively high. As a consequence, in a flash memory, a large number of crystalline detects may occur in such a region that a width of an active region is relatively wide, for instance, in a memory array where a width of an active region is relatively narrower than that of a peripheral circuit region, which may conduct junction leaks of a memory
|
['H01L2900']
|
background
|
12,079,695
|
[summary] According to one exemplary embodiment, a fastener element is provided for securing a curing blanket over the open upper end of a concrete form. The fastener element comprises a wire body including a central portion extending laterally for at least the distance of the width of the concrete form and a pair of attachment portions at opposite ends of the central portion. The attachment portions secure the fastener element to the outer walls of the concrete form. In at least one embodiment, each of the attachment portions comprises a leg portion extending downward from one end of the central portion and an arm portion extending inwardly from the distal end of the leg portion toward the center of the fastener element. In at least one embodiment, the leg portion is inclined inwardly. In at least one embodiment, the leg portion includes two or more segments. In at least one embodiment, the arm portion is inclined upwardly. In at least one embodiment, the distal end of the arm portion is shaped to define a point for penetrating the outer wall of the concrete form. In at least one embodiment, the central portion is configured to include a vertical component. In at least one embodiment, the central portion includes two or more segments. According to one exemplary embodiment, a system for curing concrete is provided. The system for curing concrete comprises a concrete form having an opening in the upper end for receiving concrete. A curing blanket is provided for covering the opening in the upper end of the concrete form. At least one fastener element is provided for securing the curing blanket over the upper end of the concrete form. The fastener element comprises a wire body including a central portion extending laterally for at least the distance of the width of the concrete form and a pair of attachment portions at opposite ends of the central portion. The attachment portions secure the fastener element to the outer walls of the concrete form. In at least one embodiment, each of the attachment portions comprises a leg portion extending downward from one end of the central portion and an arm portion extending inwardly from the distal end of the leg portion toward the center of the fastener element. In at least one embodiment, the leg portion is inclined inwardly. In at least one embodiment, the leg portion includes two or more segments. In at least one embodiment, the arm portion is inclined upwardly. In at least one embodiment, the distal end of the arm portion is shaped to define a point for penetrating the outer wall of the concrete form. In at least one embodiment, the central portion is configured to include a vertical component. In at least one embodiment, the central portion includes two or more segments. These and other features of this invention are described in, or are apparent from, the following detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of this invention.
|
['E04B138']
|
summary
|
11,331,067
|
[description] An embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the appended drawings wherein: FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit conditioner implemented with a generic circuit; FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the circuit conditioner of FIG. 1 implemented in a power supply; FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the circuit conditioner of FIG. 1 implemented in a battery charger; FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the circuit conditioner of FIG. 1 implemented in a battery charger having a different circuit topology than that shown in FIG. 3; and FIG. 5 is a control diagram for the power supply of FIG. 2.
|
['H02M3335' 'G05F110']
|
detailed_description
|
12,245,300
|
[invention] The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure. Internal combustion engines ignite a fuel and air mixture to produce drive torque. More specifically, air is drawn into the engine through a throttle and mixed with fuel to form an air and fuel mixture. The air and fuel mixture is compressed within a cylinder by a piston and is then ignited within a cylinder to reciprocally drive the piston within the cylinder. The piston rotatably drives a crankshaft of the engine. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems are used to reduce engine exhaust emissions by directing a portion of the exhaust gas back to the intake manifold. The re-circulated exhaust gas is mixed with fuel and air and combusted in the engine. Prior to entering an intake manifold, the re-circulated exhaust gas is cooled to keep the intake manifold below a predetermined temperature. A cooling system, including, but not limited to, an EGR cooler, is generally provided for this purpose. A turbocharger may include a turbine and a compressor linked by a shared axle. The exhaust gas may enter the turbine inlet, causing a turbine wheel to rotate. This rotation drives the compressor to compress ambient air and deliver the compressed air into the air intake manifold of the engine. The compressed air results in a greater amount of air entering the cylinder. A cooling system, including, but not limited to, a charge air cooler, may cool the compressed air before it enters the engine. Performance of the cooling system (for example only, the EGR cooler or the charge air cooler) is generally monitored by two temperature sensors. One temperature sensor is provided at an inlet of the cooling system and the other temperature sensor is provided at an outlet of the cooling system. The efficiency of the cooling system is determined by comparing the inlet temperature with the outlet temperature of the fluid flowing through the cooling system.
|
['G01M1504']
|
background
|
11,612,010
|
[description] Certain embodiments of the devices, systems and methods disclosed herein provide for measurements of porous media not previously achieved with existing methods. Embodiments of the devices, systems and methods disclosed herein may be used to identify porous formations with high mobility to identify productive well sites that may be used to extract hydrocarbon fuel sources such as, for example, natural gas and petroleum products. In certain examples, the methods, systems and devices disclosed herein may be used to determine penetration depths of oscillations in petroleum bearing rock formations A potential petroleum bearing rock formation is made of up two solid components. The first component is the rock matrix, and the second component is dry clay. The total porosity may be measured by a density logging tool and is defined as the difference between the total volume and the solid portion. Total porosity includes clay bound water, movable water, bound water, petroleum, natural gas and possibly other bound or free fluids such as hydrocarbons. Unlike existing methods, which typically measure a change in relaxation times, e.g., ΔT2, to try to deduce fluid flow properties, embodiments of the devices, systems and methods disclosed herein determine the penetration depth of an induced oscillation in a porous medium, such as a rock formation. Certain examples disclosed herein are directed to monitoring the spatial dependence of an induced oscillation resulting from application of an external perturbation. In certain embodiments, measurement of the absolute magnitude of the induced oscillation is not needed, and the rate at which the oscillation varies spatially as probing depth increases may be monitored. In certain examples described herein, the depth dependence of the induced oscillation may be monitored using a magnetic field gradient in combination with detection of a magnetic resonance signal or by using magnetic resonance imaging. In accordance with certain examples, a method of determining penetration depth of an induced oscillation in a porous medium is disclosed. In certain examples, a perturbation may be applied to the porous medium to exert a force on the medium and induce an oscillation of a pore fluid in the medium. The exact nature of the oscillation induced in the pore fluid may vary depending on the nature of the perturbation waveform. For example, a sinusoidal perturbation may be applied to induce a sinusoidal waveform. In certain examples, a flow is induced in a pore fluid, and the induced flow may be measured and used to determine penetration depth. The induced flow may be in a pore fluid that comprises water, drill fluid, mud filtrate, petroleum, natural gas or other fluids present in or near the formation. While it is desirable to determine mobility of petroleum, natural gas or other fuels in a formation, the mobility of such species may be indirectly determined or inferred by determining mobility of fluids such as water or mud filtrate present in the formation. Thus, the oscillations described herein are not necessarily induced in any petroleum, hydrocarbon or other fuel sources present in the formation. In accordance with certain examples, the oscillation may be induced and measurements may be made during a single cycle or after multiple cycles. For example, about 10-50 oscillation cycles may be applied to establish a steady state prior to NMR measurements to determine penetration depth. In some examples, about 40-50 oscillations cycles, e.g., 44 or 45 oscillation cycles, may be applied during motion encoding and prior to any NMR spatial measurements. The applied perturbation that induces the oscillation may remain on during the NMR spatial measurements or may be switched off during the NMR spatial measurements. It will be within the ability of the person of ordinary skill in the art, given the benefit of this disclosure, to select suitable numbers of oscillations for use in the methods, systems and devices disclosed herein. In accordance with certain examples, a flow may be induced in the fluid using many common acoustic techniques and illustrative techniques are discussed herein. The penetration depth of the induced oscillation varies as a function of fluid viscosity, porosity, permeability and effective bulk modulus of a fluid in the porous medium according to Equation 1 below. κ = ω η φ 2 kK f * [ 1 ] In Equation 1, κ represents the spatial dependence with 1/κ being the penetration depth of the induced oscillation. η represents the viscosity of the pore-fluid, φ represents the porosity, k is the permeability and K*f is the effective bulk modulus of the pore-fluid, as corrected according to the known properties of the porous medium. ω represents the angular frequency of the external perturbation. The quantities K*f, φ and ω may all be determined by conventional logging methods or are otherwise known. For example, K*f may be determined by a combination of acoustic, electrical, and nuclear logging measurements, φ may be determined by conventional crossplot of neutron/density logging measurements and ω is known or selected by a user. In accordance with certain examples, based on the relationship shown in Equation [1], a determination of penetration depth 1/κ may then be used to determine the mobility, which is the permeability divided by the viscosity (k/η). Rock formations having a high mobility are desirable sites for producing wells. In particular, the devices, systems and methods disclosed herein may be used to identify rock formations having a high mobility, which may be selected first to produce wells for extracting hydrocarbon fuel sources. In accordance with certain examples, a perturbation may be provided to introduce a temporal oscillation, at an angular frequency ω, in the porous medium. This oscillation may take the form of an induced fluid flow in the porous medium as the perturbation may induce an oscillatory fluid flow in fluid occupying the pores of the rock formation. The perturbation may be a sound wave, a pressure wave or other perturbation that can induce an oscillation at least temporarily. In certain embodiments, an acoustic source located on a conventional logging sonde may be used to provide the perturbation.
|
['G01V332']
|
detailed_description
|
11,242,473
|
[summary] The present invention provides a process for selectively extracting cocoa procyanidins from an aqueous mixture of cocoa polyphenols, by extracting the aqueous mixture with n-butyl acetate and separating an aqueous phase and an n-butyl acetate phase. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin dimers and higher oligomers and the n-butyl acetate phase is enriched in catechin and epicatechin. In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin dimers and higher oligomers is extracted with an organic solvent which is either diethyl ether or a mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether effective to selectively extract catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin dimers, and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin trimers and higher oligomers and the organic phase is enriched in procyanidin dimers. Preferably, the mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether is approximately 25:75 (v/v). Further in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin trimers and higher oligomers is extracted with ethyl acetate and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin pentamers and higher oligomers and the ethyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin trimers and tetramers. Still further in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin pentamers and higher oligomers is extracted with an organic solvent which is a mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether effective to selectively extract catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers, and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin hexamers and higher oligomers and the organic phase is enriched in procyanidin pentamers. Preferably, the mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether is approximately 75:25 (v/v). Still further in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin hexamers and higher oligomers is extracted with methyl acetate and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers and the methyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin hexamers, heptamers and octamers. Still further in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers is extracted with methyl acetate and the phases are separated. The methyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers. In another embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin trimers and higher oligomers is extracted with methyl acetate and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers and the methyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers, heptamers and octamers. Further in this embodiment, the solvent is removed from the methyl acetate phase, the resulting product is dissolved in water, and the dissolved product is extracted with ethyl acetate. The phases are separated, with the aqueous phase being enriched in procyanidin pentamers, hexamers, heptamers and octamers and the ethyl acetate phase being enriched in procyanidin trimers and tetramers. Further in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin pentamers, hexamers, heptamers and octamers is extracted with an organic solvent which is a mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether effective to selectively extract catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin hexamers, heptamers and octamers and the organic phase is enriched in procyanidin pentamers. Preferably, the mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether is approximately 75:25 (v/v). Also in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers is extracted with methyl acetate and the phases are separated. The methyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers. In another embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin dimers and higher oligomers is extracted with ethyl acetate and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin pentamers and higher oligomers and the ethyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin dimers, trimers and tetramers. In this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin pentamers and higher oligomers is extracted with an organic solvent which is a mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether effective to selectively extract catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin hexamers and higher oligomers and the organic phase is enriched in procyanidin pentamers. Preferably, the mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether is approximately 75:25 (v/v). Further in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin hexamers and higher oligomers is extracted with methyl acetate and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers and wherein the methyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin hexamers, heptamers, and octamers. Still further in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers is extracted with methyl acetate and the phases are separated. The methyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers. Also in this embodiment, the solvent is removed from the ethyl acetate phase, the resulting product is dissolved in water, and the dissolved product is extracted in an organic solvent which is either diethyl ether or a mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether effective to selectively extract catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin dimers. The phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin trimers and tetramers and the organic phase is enriched in procyanidin dimers. Preferably, the mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether is approximately 25:75 (v/v). Alternatively in this embodiment, the aqueous phase enriched in procyanidin pentamers and higher oligomers is extracted with methyl acetate and the phases are separated. The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin nonamers and higher oligomers and the methyl acetate phase is enriched in procyanidin pentamers, hexamers, heptamers and octamers. Also in this alternative, the solvent is removed from the methyl acetate phase, the resulting product is dissolved in water, and the dissolved product is extracted with an organic solvent which is a mixture of methyl acetate and diethyl ether effective to selectively extract catechin, epicatechin and procyanidin dimers, trimers, tetramers and pentamers. The phases are separated The aqueous phase is enriched in procyanidin hexamers, heptamers and octamers and
|
['C07D40514' 'C07H1500']
|
summary
|
11,564,834
|
[claim] 1. An exercise-game machine being an exercise machine combined with an interactive game component, the exercise-game machine comprising: an exercise machine; a display built into the exercise machine; one or more sensors attached to the exercise machine; and a game controller that is electrically connected to the one or more sensors as inputs, and that is electrically connected to the display as an output. 2. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, wherein: the game controller is built into the exercise machine. 3. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, wherein: the one or more sensors are selected from the group consisting of: an exercise rate sensor, an exercise force sensor, an exercise frequency sensor, an exercise repetition counter, a push button, a trigger, a joystick, a steering wheel, a handlebar, a flight stick, a tilt sensor, a keypad, a touch screen, a switch, a sound detector, a temperature sensor, an odor sensor, and a moisture sensor; and the sensors are integrated into the exercise machine. 4. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, further comprising: one or more actuators that are electrically connected to the game controller as outputs, and that are actuatingly attached to the exercise machine. 5. The exercise-game machine of claim 4, wherein: the one or more actuators are selected from the group consisting of a vibrator, an impact force actuator, a movement actuator, a heating device, a cooling device, a fan, a speaker, a display screen, an exercise resistance adjuster, a motor, a moisture dispenser and a scent dispenser; and the actuators are integrated into the exercise machine. 6. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, further comprising: a built-in audio player with suitable speaker/headphone, amplifier, controls, and provisions for loading and unloading removable media, if any. 7. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, further comprising: provisions for temporarily connecting external audio players to a sound system and/or power supply of the exercise-game machine. 8. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, further comprising: a communication connection between the game controller and a network that includes another game controller. 9. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, further comprising: retractable wheels that can be lowered to rollingly support the exercise-game machine, and that can be raised to transfer support to stationary feet. 10. The exercise-game machine of claim 1, further comprising: rollers on one of the front and rear support legs that rollingly support one end of the exercise-game machine while the other of the front and rear support legs provides stationary support such that the stationary support leg must be raised to allow rolling movement of the exercise-game machine. 11. An exercise-game machine comprising: an exercise machine; an interactive game controller that is built into the exercise machine; and one or more actuators that are actuatingly attached to the exercise machine and electrically connected to the interactive game controller as outputs. 12. The exercise-game machine of claim 11, further comprising: one or more sensors that are sensingly attached to the exercise machine and electrically connected to the interactive game controller as inputs; wherein the one or more sensors are selected from the group consisting of: an exercise rate sensor, an exercise force sensor, an exercise frequency sensor, an exercise repetition counter, a push button, a trigger, a joystick, a steering wheel, a handlebar, a flight stick, a tilt sensor, a keypad, a touch screen, a switch, a sound detector, a temperature sensor, an odor sensor, and a moisture sensor; and the sensors are integrated into the exercise machine. 13. The exercise-game machine of claim 11, wherein: the one or more actuators are selected from the group consisting of: a vibrator, an impact force actuator, a movement actuator, a heating device, a cooling device, a fan, a speaker, a display screen, an exercise resistance adjuster, a motor, a moisture dispenser and a scent dispenser; and the actuators are integrated into the exercise machine. 14. The exercise-game machine of claim 11, further comprising: a built-in audio player with suitable speaker/headphone, amplifier, controls, and provisions for loading and unloading removable media, if any. 15. The exercise-game machine of claim 11, further comprising: provisions for temporarily connecting external audio players to a sound system and/or power supply of the exercise-game machine. 16. The exercise-game machine of claim 11, further comprising: a communication connection between the game controller and a network that includes another game controller. 17. A method for encouraging use of an exercise machine by utilizing an interactive game, the method comprising the steps of: integrating an interactive game controller into the exercise machine; sensingly attaching one or more sensors to the exercise machine and electrically connecting the one or more sensors to the interactive game controller as interactive game inputs; and actuatingly attaching one or more actuators to the exercise machine and electrically connecting the one or more actuators to the interactive game controller as interactive game feedback outputs. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of: using the one or more sensors to sense and input to the controller one or more of: an exercise rate, an exercise force, an exercise frequency, an exercise repetition count, a button click, a trigger squeeze, a joystick movement, force on a steering wheel, force on a handlebar, force on a flight stick, a tilting force, a key press, a touch screen touch, a switch activation, sound, heat, smell, and moisture. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of: using the one or more actuators to output from the controller game-related feedback including one or more of vibration, impact force, movement, heat, cold, moving air, sound, visual effects, changes of exercise resistance, changes of exercise rate, scent and moisture. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of: communicatingly connecting the game controller with a network that includes another game controller.
|
['A63B7100']
|
claim
|
11,265,926
|
[description] The principle configuration of the first example of an embodiment of an exhaust-gas turbocharger is illustrated in FIG. 1. The exhaust-gas turbocharger (1) according to the invention features a housing consisting of a bearing housing (3) and a turbine housing (2) supporting a pivotable shaft (4). On the one end the shaft (4) supports a turbine wheel (5). Within the turbine housing (2) on the side of the turbine wheel (5) a volute (6) is formed which in radial direction evolves into a throat (7). The exhaust-gas turbocharger (1) includes a guide apparatus (13) which allows adjusting the exhaust-gas stream coming into the turbine through changing the turbine geometry. For this purpose adjustable guide vanes (8) are arranged in the throat (7). The flow channels of the circular throat (7) in which the exhaust-gases pass through radially are constituted by the spacing between the guide vanes (8). Through variation of the angular position of the guide vanes (8) the flow channels are adjustable. The guide vanes (8) are pivoted from a vane bearing ring (12) and from a thrust- and bearing-ring (28) which is by a spacer (not shown here) kept at a certain distance from the bearing ring (12), and they are adjustable through an actuator (not shown here) which in a way not illustrated here actuates the unison ring (9). A rotary motion of the unison ring (9) with respect to the vane bearing ring (12) is transmitted onto the guide vanes (8) which by this means can be adjusted within a pre-determined range between the open and closed position. According to FIGS. 1 and 2 the guide vanes (8) are mounted to the vane bearing ring (12) by means of vane studs (18), which axially penetrate the vane bearing ring (12) and which carry a vane lever (11) on the end opposing the guide vanes (8). FIG. 3 shows another advantageous embodiment of a vane lever (11). This vane lever (11) features a lever arm (20) with a one-to-one locating bore (19) for a vane stud (18) on one end and a lever head (21) with a lever stud (17) on the other end. The unison ring (9) which serves the simultaneous actuation of all vane levers (11) is located within the axial level above which is constituted by the circularly arranged vane levers (11). The surface area of the lever arm (20) facing the unison ring (9) serves as axial guide face (23) supporting the unison ring (9) (compare FIG. 1). For the actuation of all vane levers 11 the unison ring (9) features engaging means which interact with suitable engaging means on each of the vane levers (11) such that during rotation of the unison ring (9) with respect to the vane bearing ring (12) all vane levers (11) and with those the guide vanes (8) are simultaneously rotated. The unison ring (9) carries as means for the actuation an actuator lug (15) which is connected to the actuator (32) enabling the adjustment of the unison ring (9) from outside of the housing (compare FIG. 2). The engaging means in this embodiment consists according to FIG. 1 of cuboid shaped or cubiform link blocks or sliding blocks (10) with a central bore (59). A lever stud (17) of a vane lever (11) is slipped into the central bore (59) of each corresponding link block or sliding block (10) such that one side of the sliding block (10) rests on the axial guide face (23) of the lever head (21). The sliding blocks (10) engage with suitable towards the outside aligned radial recesses (16) of the unison ring (9) constituting the guiding means of the sliding block. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2 the sliding blocks (10) overtop the lateral face of the unison ring (9) facing the bearing housing (3) marginally in axial direction. As illustrated in FIG. 1 the axial support of the unison ring to the one side is thereby constituted by the vane levers (11), especially through the axial guide face (23) of the lever arm (20), avoiding a surface contact to the turbine housing (2) and to the other side through the bearing housing. The lateral support for the sliding blocks which are (usually) just loosely slipped onto the studs is given by axial guide faces (23) of the lever heads (21) and by the bearing housing (3). In an particularly advantageous embodiment of the guide apparatus (13) shown in FIG. 4 the support of the unison ring (9) may be accomplished by at least three disks (24) which are slipped onto the lever studs (17) of three of the according vane levers (11) (preferably arranged in equal angular separation to each other), in addition to the sliding blocks (10) which are loosely slipped over the lever studs (17). At least the three sliding blocks (10) on which lever studs (17) the three (or more) discs (24) are slipped on, have mainly the same axial dimension as the unison ring (9), so that the corresponding discs (24) engage with the according sliding blocks (10) in a form fit and are supported on the unison ring (9) taking the axial play into account. The discs (24) in the embodiment at hand serve as support for the unison ring (9) as well as for the sliding blocks (10). It is possible to pre-assemble the entire guide apparatus (13) shown in FIG. 4 as a cartridge. For the case the number of rings (24) matches the number of guide vanes (8) the bearing housing (2) is not used as lateral support for the sliding blocks. In the two embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 the unison ring (9) is supported by the vane levers (11) enabling a radial pivoting of the unison ring (9) with respect to the vane bearing ring (12). For this purpose the vane levers (11) feature axial bosses (14) constituting a radial bearing. In this case a rolling movement is given between the inner circumference of the unison
|
['F02D2300']
|
detailed_description
|
12,058,857
|
[summary] The methods, systems, and apparatuses of edge sensors forming a touchscreen are disclosed. In one aspect, a touchscreen includes a display area of the touchscreen, a set of edge sensors at boundary locations of the display area of the touchscreen, and a set of electronics to determine a location of a force and a magnitude of the force applied on the display area of the touchscreen using an algorithm that considers measurements the set of edge sensors. The algorithm may be a center of force algorithm that may multiply individual force reading of each of the set of edge sensors with a position on a plane of each of the set of edge sensors to calculate a number, and divides the number by a sum of the individual force readings of all of the edge sensors. The display area may be a rectangular shape, and there may be one edge sensor at each corner of the rectangular shape. The set of edge sensors may be piezo-resistive sensors. The set of edge sensors may be microelectromechanical sensors. The set of edge sensors may be capacitive sensors. The capacitive sensors may include a tilt correction layer to minimize an effect on a tilt on an upper surface of the capacitive sensor. The set of electronics may filter and/or compensate measurements of the set of edge sensors to create more accurate readings using an error correction module. The touchscreen may be removable from the display area (e.g., such that the touchscreen may be placed on different display areas). The touchscreen may include a set of vibrating elements to provide a sensory feedback when the force may be applied on the display area. The location of the force and/or the magnitude of the force may be measurable even when applied in an area slightly outside the display area. In another embodiment, a method includes capturing an observed measurement of a force from each of a set of edge sensors near the force, and determining the location of the force and magnitude of the force applied on a display area based on an algorithm that considers a reading of the force from each of the set of edge sensors near the force. The method may multiply individual force reading of each of the set of edge sensors with a position on a plane of each of the set of edge sensors to calculate a number. The method may divide the number by a sum of the individual force readings of all of the edge sensors to determine the location of the force. The display area may be a rectangular shape, and there may be one edge sensor at each corner of the rectangular shape. The set of edge sensors may be piezo-resistive sensors. The set of edge sensors may be microelectromechanical sensors. The set of edge sensors may be capacitive sensors. A system includes a touchscreen surface, a base support surface, a set of edge sensors between the touchscreen surface and the base support surface at corners of the surface to detect a force placed on the touchscreen, and a set of electronics associated with the set of edge sensors to determine a location of a force and a magnitude of the force applied on the touchscreen surface using an algorithm that considers measurements from the set of edge sensors. The algorithm may be a center of force algorithm that may multiply individual force reading of each of the set of edge sensors with a position on a plane of each of the set of edge sensors to calculate a number, and divides the number by a sum of the individual force readings of all of the edge sensors. The methods, systems, and apparatuses disclosed herein may be implemented in any means for achieving various aspects, and may be executed in a form of a machine-readable medium embodying a set of instructions that, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform any of the operations disclosed herein. Other features will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows.
|
['G06F3045' 'G06F3041']
|
summary
|
11,054,602
|
[claim] 1. A power supply system for a telecommunication network comprising: a first telecommunication power supply module configured for insertion in a single card slot of a telecommunication equipment mounting at a first telephone company equipment location; wherein said first telecommunication power supply module provides power to a plurality of second telecommunication modules at a remote telephone company equipment location, wherein said first telecommunication power supply module provides power over telephone wires dedicated to only supplying power; and wherein said plurality of second telecommunication modules at a remote telephone company equipment location comprises high speed communication modules for sending and receiving communication signals, said first telecommunication power supply module providing power to said plurality of second telecommunication modules using up to four twisted-pair telephone wires. 2. The power supply system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of second telecommunication modules send and receive said communication signals over telecommunication network wires other than the four twisted-pair telephone wires used by said first telecommunication power supply module to provide power. 3. The power supply system of claim 2, wherein said four twisted-pair telephone wires are plain old telephone service wires up to 1 mile in length. 4. The power supply system of claim 1, wherein said first and remote telephone company equipment locations are selected from the group consisting of a remote terminal, a controlled environment vault, a hut, a telephone room at a remote site, a telecommunication closet at a remote site. 5. A method for supplying power to remotely located modules on a telecommunication network comprising the steps of: adapting a first telecommunication power supply module for insertion in a single card slot of a telecommunication equipment mounting at a first telephone company equipment location for supplying power; sending and receiving communication signals by a plurality of second telecommunication modules at remote telephone company equipment locations comprising high speed communication modules; and providing power to said plurality of second telecommunication modules at a remote telephone company equipment locations, wherein said first telecommunication power supply module supplies power to said plurality of second telecommunication modules using up to four twisted-pair telephone wires dedicated to only supplying power. 6. A method for supplying power to remotely located modules on a telecommunication network comprising the steps of: adapting a first telecommunication power supply module for insertion in a single card slot of a telecommunication equipment mounting at a first telephone company equipment location for supplying power; sending and receiving communication signals by at least one second telecommunication module at a remote telephone company equipment location comprising a high speed communication module; and providing power to said at least one second module at a remote telephone company equipment location, wherein said first telecommunication power supply module supplies power to said at least one second module using up to four twisted-pair telephone wires dedicated to only supplying power. 7. A power supply system for a telecommunication network comprising: a first telecommunication power supply module configured for insertion in a single card slot of a telecommunication equipment mounting at a first telephone company equipment location; wherein said first telecommunication power supply module provides power to at least one second telecommunication modules at a remote telephone company equipment location, wherein said first telecommunication power supply module provides power over telephone wires dedicated to only supplying power; and wherein the second telecommunication module at a remote telephone company equipment location comprises a high speed communication module for sending and receiving communication signals, said first telecommunication power supply module providing power to said second telecommunication module using a twisted-pair telephone wire. 8. The power supply system of claim 7, wherein said at least one second telecommunication module sends and receives said communication signals over telecommunication network wires other than the twisted-pair telephone wire used by said first telecommunication power supply module to provide power. 9. The power supply system of claim 8, wherein said twisted-pair telephone wire is a plain old telephone service wire up to 1 mile in length. 10. The power supply system of claim 7, wherein said first and remote telephone company equipment locations are selected from the group consisting of a remote terminal, a controlled environment vault, a hut, a telephone room at a remote site, a telecommunication closet at a remote site.
|
['H04L1228']
|
claim
|
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