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[description] FIG. 1 shows a printer carriage 103 having a first assembly 101 and a second assembly 102 for adjusting a vertical position of the printer carriage 103 in a printer according to an embodiment. The first assembly 101 controls the vertical position of a rear portion of the carriage 103, and the second assembly 102 controls the vertical position of a central portion of the carriage 103. Therefore, by lifting or lowering the rear and central portions of the carriage 103, the vertical position of the carriage 103 can be adjusted without being tilted (i.e. theta X is maintained at zero). The structure and operation of the first assembly 101 and the second assembly 102 will be described in detail later. A front portion 106 of the carriage 103 is adapted to house an ink cartridge (not shown). When the ink cartridge is mounted in the carriage 103, the printhead of the ink cartridge faces in a downward direction and aligns with a printhead surface 105 of the carriage 103. The carriage 103 is mounted on a guiding rod 104. During a printing process, the carriage 103 moves along the guiding rod 104 and the ink cartridge ejects ink droplets onto a print medium. The spacing between the printhead surface 105 of the carriage 103 and the print medium, i.e. the Pen-to-Paper Spacing (PPS), is preferably maintained at an optimum distance for forming high quality images. When print medium having different thicknesses are fed into the printer, the PPS changes. By adjusting the vertical position of the carriage 103 in the printer according to the type of print medium, the optimum distance for PPS can be maintained. FIGS. 2a and 2b show the cross-sectional views of the second assembly 102 according to an embodiment. The second assembly 102 includes a camshaft 201, two cams 202 attached to the camshaft 201, a bushing member 203, two protruding members 213, two springs 204, a connecting plate 205 and a pin engaging means 206. The guiding rod 104 also includes an activation pin 207. The activation pin 207 protrudes from a first end of the guiding rod 104. Each of the cams 202 has a predefined profile 210. The predefined profile 210 of each cam 202 is in a series of steps corresponding to the various PPS settings in an embodiment. The predefined profile 1201 or the number of steps may vary to achieve different PPS settings in other embodiments. The bushing member 203 has a first surface 211 facing the guiding rod. The first surface 211 have one or more flat portions 214 which abut or touch the surface of the guiding rod 104. The flat portions 214 which extend from the first surface 211 can be seen more clearly in FIG. 2c, which is an enlarged view of the bushing member 203 of FIG. 2b. The protruding members 213 extend from a second surface 212 of the bushing member 203. Each protruding member 213 is provided for each cam 202, and abuts the profile 210 of the cam 202. The bushing member 203 is slidable along the guiding rod 104, and hence, moves the carriage 103 attached to the camshaft 201 along the guiding rod 104. The protruding members 213, and hence the bushing member 203, are biased against the cams 202 by the two springs 204. One end of the springs 204 is attached to the bushing member 203, and the other end is attached (not shown) to the carriage 103. The connecting plate 205 is attached to a first end of the camshaft 201, and the pin engaging means 206 is attached to the connecting plate 205. The pin engaging means 206 is rotatable with respect to the connecting plate 205 about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the camshaft 201. The connecting plate 205 includes a locking member 208, and the pin engaging means 206 includes a complementary member 209. When the pin engaging means 206 is at its default position (i.e. not rotated with respect to the connecting plate 205), the locking member 208 interlocks with the complementary member 209. It should be noted that the interlocking of the pin engaging means 206 with the connecting plate 205 does not prevent the pin engaging means 206 from rotating with respect to the connecting plate 205. In an embodiment, the pin engaging means 206 is biased to its default position. The pin engaging means 206 may be biased to its default position using a biasing means such as a spring. In an embodiment, the pin engaging means 206 includes a first rib 231 and a second rib 232 extending from its underside 230 as shown in FIG. 3. The first rib 231 is in the form of a bracket and subtends an acute angle for engaging the activation pin 207. The second rib 232 is in the form of a plate. In this embodiment, the second rib 232 has a length which is slightly longer than that of the first rib 231. The mechanism of engaging and disengaging the activation pin 207 by the pin engaging means 206 will be described in detail later. FIGS. 4a and 4b show the cross-sectional views of the second assembly 102 with the camshaft shifted to the right (i.e. towards the first end) of the guiding rod 104 according to an embodiment. It can be seen that the protruding members 213 of the bushing member 203 abut the profile of the cams 212 at its furthest point 220. Therefore, the protruding members 213 push the camshaft 201 away when the camshaft 201 is shifted to the right. Accordingly, the central portion of the carriage 103 attached to the camshaft 201 is lifted from the guiding rod 104. The carriage 103 can be lowered back to its original position by shifting the camshaft 201 to the left with respect to the carriage 103, i.e. away from the first end of the guiding rod 104. The operation of the pin engaging means
|
['B41J2300' 'B41J25308' 'B41J2175']
|
detailed_description
|
12,354,852
|
WORK STATIONS FOR MANICURISTS [SEP] [abstract] Work stations for nail technicians are provided. In this regard, a representative work station, among others, includes a center console module having front, rear, top, and bottom walls. The rear wall includes holes at the proximal end and distal end for storing a nail drill device. The rear wall further includes an opening for storing a control unit of a nail drill device. The opening is adjacent to the holes at one of the proximal end and distal end. The rear wall further includes a drawer positioned between the holes at the proximal end and distal end. The work station further includes two end modules that are coupled to the center console module, forming a “U” shape configuration.
|
['A47B8700' 'A47F700']
|
abstract
|
11,134,598
|
[summary] The above and other objects and advantages, which will be apparent to one of skill in the art, are achieved in the present invention which is directed to, in one aspect, a method for fabricating a piezoelectric macro-fiber composite actuator. The first step comprises providing a structure comprising piezo-electric material which has a first side and a second side. First and second films are then adhesively bonded to the first and second sides, respectively, of the piezo-electric material. The first film has first and second conductive patterns formed thereon which are electrically isolated from one another and in electrical contact with the piezo-electric material. In one embodiment, the second film does not have any conductive patterns. The first and second conductive patterns of the first film each have a plurality of electrodes that cooperate to form a pattern of interdigitated electrodes. In another embodiment, the second film has a pair of conductive patterns similar to the conductive patterns of the first film. In a related aspect, the present invention is directed to a piezoelectric macro-fiber composite actuator, comprising: a structure consisting of piezo-electric material having a first side and a second side; a first film bonded to the first side of the structure, the film further including first and second conductive patterns formed thereon, the first conductive pattern being electrically isolated from the second conductive pattern, both conductive patterns being in electrical contact with the piezo-electric material structure, the first and second conductive patterns each having a plurality of electrodes that cooperate to form a pattern of interdigitated electrodes; and a second film bonded to the second side of the structure. In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a piezoelectric macro-fiber composite actuator, comprising: a plurality of piezoelectric fibers in juxtaposition, each fiber having a first side and a second side, each pair of adjacent fibers being separated by a channel; a first adhesive layer disposed over the first sides of the fibers and in the channel; a first film bonded to the first sides of the fibers, the film further including first and second conductive patterns formed thereon, the first conductive pattern being electrically isolated from the second conductive pattern, both conductive patterns being in electrical contact with the piezo-electric material structure, the first and second conductive patterns each having a plurality of electrodes that cooperate to form a pattern of interdigitated electrodes; a second adhesive layer disposed over the second sides of the fibers and into the channels; and a second film bonded to the second sides of the fibers, the second film having a first conductive pattern and a second conductive pattern electrically isolated from the first conductive pattern of the second film, the first and second conductive patterns of the second film being in electrical contact with the fibers, the first and second conductive patterns of the second film each having a plurality of electrodes that cooperate to form a pattern of interdigitated electrodes.
|
['H04R1700']
|
summary
|
12,128,451
|
IMAGE READING APPARATUS [SEP] [abstract] An image reading apparatus capable of preventing the occurrence of a streak and reading a quality image from the leading edge to the trailing edge of a original. An original is conveyed along a convey pass. The original being conveyed is guided by a guide member, at least part of the guide member being transparent. An image of the original being conveyed is read by an image sensor through the guide member. Airflow is generated, the airflow being blown into the convey pass from a location upstream in a conveying direction compared to a location of the image sensor. The guide member has a convex portion disposed at a location upstream in the conveying direction compared to the location of the image sensor.
|
['H04N104']
|
abstract
|
10,505,773
|
Melting Temperature Dependent Dna Amplification [SEP] [abstract] A method for the selective amplification of at least one target nucleic acid in a sample comprising a mixture of at least one target nucleic acid and at least one non-target nucleic acid. The method comprises: a nucleic acid denaturation step, wherein the denaturation step is carried out at a temperature at or above the melting temperature of the at least one target nucleic acid but below the melting temperature of the at least one non-target nucleic acid an amplification step using at least one amplification primer.
|
['C12Q168' 'C07H2104']
|
abstract
|
12,806,199
|
[description] The following is a description of exemplary embodiments of the invention only, and is not intended to limit the scope or applicability of the invention in any way. Rather, the following description is intended to provide convenient illustrations for implementing various exemplary embodiments of the invention. As will become apparent, various changes may be made to methods, structures, topologies, and compositions described in these exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In general, systems, methods, and devices are suitably configured to facilitate supplying gas to liquid storage systems. This supplying may include providing a compressible gas, e.g. air, to a liquid storage system, e.g. a water storage system, to facilitate the supply of pressurized water to a water distribution system. Further, exemplary systems facilitate providing air to water storage systems without the use of external power sources and without loss of liquid volume in the system. As a result, these exemplary systems do not require external equipment to pressurize air, which provides for a water storage and distribution system that is more reliable, more cost effective to operate, and requires less maintenance. Although described herein in the context of air chargers and water storage systems, it should be understood that the techniques described herein may work in other contexts and that the description herein related to air chargers and water storage systems may be similarly applicable to any apparatus and/or system, wherein stored liquid that must be supplied with a pressurized gas to facilitate distribution. Exemplary gases may include air, hydrogen, oxygen, helium, etc. Exemplary liquids may include water, gasoline, diesel fuel and the like. Similarly, the system may be configured to store compressed gas (e.g., compressed propane, butane or natural gas) and the like. Air charger systems exist in various configurations, with a variety of components and performance factors. Nevertheless, an exemplary air charger system is briefly described herein. An exemplary air charger system may comprise a venturi, a charging tank, a water supply, and a storage tank. The venturi may be configured to receive a water flow from the storage tank, such that a venturi vent creates an air-water mixture within the venturi. In exemplary embodiments, a valve regulates water flow from the storage tank to the venturi. The air-water is exhausted from the venturi to the charging tank where the air is captured and allowed to pressurize forcing the water in the charging tank back into the water supply. Thereafter, where the water supply is activated and/or a valve at or proximate to the outlet of the charging tank is opened, the air contained within the charging tank is forced into the storage tank by the water supply. Thus, in exemplary embodiments, the system continually creates a captive air source within the charging tank that is supplied to the storage tank, each time water is supplied to the storage tank from the water supply. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment and with reference to FIG. 1, an air charger system 100 is provided. Air charger system 100 comprises a venturi 110. Venturi 110 is coupled to charging tank 120. Venturi 110 is also coupled to storage tank 140. Charging tank 120 is coupled to water supply 130. Charging tank 120 is also coupled to storage tank 140. Water supply 130 may be coupled to a water source, such as a tank, tower, well, holding pond, irrigation ditch, or any other water source suitable for supplying water to a water storage and distribution system. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, air and water must be maintained in storage tank 140 to provide a water supply to a distribution system (not shown). In various exemplary embodiments, the air in the storage tank is maintained at a pressure between approximately 20 psi and 130 psi. In an exemplary embodiment, storage tank 140 may operate with an internal pressure between approximately 60 psi and 70 psi. In an exemplary embodiment, storage tank 140 may operate with an internal pressure between approximately 70 psi and 85 psi. In an exemplary embodiment, storage tank 140 may operate with an internal pressure between approximately 85 psi and 100 psi. To regulate this pressure, an exemplary storage tank may comprise air release 145. Air release 145 may be configured to exhaust pressurized air in storage tank 140. Pressurized air is exhausted when the level of water in the storage tank drops below a certain level exposing the pressurized air to air release 145. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment and with reference to FIG. 2, venturi 210 is provided. Venturi 210 may be any structure or apparatus configured to provide the Venturi Effect when a suitable fluid flow is provided to venturi 210. In an exemplary embodiment, venturi 210 may be an injector, such as, for example a Mazzei injector. Venturi 210 comprises an inlet 260, a throat 265, an outlet 270, and a vent 250. Inlet 260 may be coupled to outlet 270 at throat 265. Further, vent 250 may be coupled to inlet 260 and outlet 270 at throat 265. In various exemplary embodiments, inlet 260 has a diameter, Di defining an area, Ai, throat 265 has a diameter, Dt defining an area, At, and outlet 270 has a diameter, Do defining an area, Ao. As such, and in exemplary embodiments, Ai is greater than At and Ao is greater than At. In an exemplary embodiment, vent 250 may comprise a filter 255. Filter 255 any type of filter suitable for removing particulates and contaminants from the air. Filter 255 may be a canister type, paper type, foam type, mesh type, or any other style filter configured to preclude particulates and contaminants from being drawn into vent 250. Filter 255 prevents contamination of the water that passes through the venturi and is ultimately re-introduced into the storage tank to be supplied to the distribution system. In an exemplary embodiment, inlet 260 may be configured with a supply of a relatively incompressible fluid, e.g. water, such that the water
|
['B65B104']
|
detailed_description
|
12,598,091
|
[summary] Inventors provide a single instrument for parenchymal transection that combine cutting and coagulating capabilities. In particular, they provide an electrosurgical instrument combining a cooled tip radio frequency electrode and a sharp blade which is attached to the electrode, specifically designed for tissue thermo-coagulation and division of the precoagulated parenchyma, which involves a substantial improvement in the radio frequency assisted resection. The electrosurgical instrument of the invention allows to precisely cut the tissue that it is previously coagulated with the same instrument, in order to avoid any risk of bleeding. Thus, an aspect of the present invention is the provision of a monopolar electrosurgical instrument 1 for tissue coagulation and cut, comprising: a cylindrical metallic electrode which is connected to one pole of a radio frequency generator 14 on one extreme; said electrode comprising a liquid supply for cooling; a handle 7 that covers part of the electrode, a part 6 covered with an insulative material, and a coagulating and cutting uninsulated tip; said tip comprising a round ending part 2 , a part 3 attached to a cutting metal blade 5 near the end, and a part 4 non-attached to the cutting metal blade. In a particular embodiment the tissue is a parenchyma, i.e. the animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ, used in anatomical nomenclature as a general term to designate the functional elements of an organ, as distinguished from its framework or stroma. Preferably, the parenchyma is liver, lung, spleen or kidney. It can also be used in uterine tissue. In a preferred embodiment, the electrode has a diameter between 3 and 1 cm. In another more preferred embodiment, the diameter of the electrode is comprised between 3 mm and 6 mm. In another preferred embodiment, the liquid supply of the electrode comprises two internal lumens, one of the lumens delivers a cooling solution (represented by S in the Figures) to the tip by means of a pump, such as a peristaltic pump, and the other lumen returns the warmed solution to an outer collection assembly. Preferably, the cooling solution S is delivered at a rate of approximately 130 ml/min. Generally, saline solution (i.e. an aqueous physiologic solution of sodium chloride) is used as cooling solution. Another aspect of the present invention is the provision of a radio frequency-assisted device for tissue coagulation and cut, comprising: (a) an electrosurgical instrument 1 of the type here described; (b) a source 12 of cooling solution connected to the inner part of the electrode so the cooling solution circulate until near the end of the electrode tip, by means of a pump 13 ; (c) an outer collection assembly 16 for collecting the used cooling solution; and (d) a radio frequency generator 14 with one pole connected to the electrosurgical instrument and the other pole connected to the body of the animal or the human, e.g. through a grounding pad 15 . Although other types of energy sources can also be used, unmodulated radio frequency current having a constant voltage and a power of 50-200 W is preferred. In particular, radio frequency in a frequency band in the range between 10 kHz and 900 kHz is used. Frequencies above 900 kHz can dissipate heat in a less controllable manner, particularly because their greater capacitive effects. The radio frequency signal is supplied to the electrode, the electrical circuit being completed by a grounding pad 15 , which is generally a large area pad attached to the animal or human at a location remote from the target site. During use a voltage gradient is created at the tip of the instrument, thereby inducing current flow and related heat generation in tissue. With sufficiently high levels of electrical energy, the heat generated is sufficient to cut the tissue and, advantageously, to stop the bleeding from severed blood vessels. In a preferred embodiment, radio frequency in a frequency band in the range between 400 kHz and 500 KHz is used. The device can include a control system of the flow of the current of radiofrequency The pump 13 can be any suitable pump used in surgical procedures to provide the liquid supply at the desired flow rate, for instance, a peristaltic pump. As it is illustrated in the accompanying Examples, comparing a saline-linked instrument known in the art with the radio frequency-assisted device of the present invention in the tissue thermocoagulation and division of the liver in an in vivo pig liver model, the radio frequency-assisted device of the present invention allows to address parenchymal division and hemostasis simultaneously, with less blood loss and faster transection time than saline-linked technology. Mean blood loss during each hepatic transection is seven times smaller with the test device than with the saline-linked method. Therefore, the radio frequency-assisted device of the present invention gives a reduction of nearly fifty percent in mean transection time, and a thirty percent increase in mean transection speed, compared to the saline-linked method. The radio frequency-assisted device shows an improved efficiency derived from the greater coagulation depth which is similar to that found with above mentioned Weber's procedure, but such efficiency is obtained by using a handier easy-to-use hand-held instrument. Hemostasis is always achieved with the radio frequency-assisted device of the present invention without the aid of any other instrument. Furthermore, even the most up-to-date saline-linked devices are not sharp enough, what may impair and delay the final cutting of the liver. In contrast the sharp metal blade of the radio frequency-assisted device of the present invention facilitates the cutting of tissue to the precise depth of the tissue which is previously coagulated. The radio frequency-assisted device of the present invention can also be used in image-guided radio frequency tumour ablation, as a minimally invasive thermal therapy, especially for focal metastasic and primarily liver tumors, given the significant morbidity and mortality of standard surgical resection and the large number of patients that cannot tolerate such radical surgery. The radio frequency-assisted device of the present invention can also be used by laparoscopia.
|
['A61B1818' 'A61B1814']
|
summary
|
12,327,288
|
[summary] The present invention relates to a new and improved method of casting a metal article. A mold is filled with molten metal while the mold is disposed in a furnace assembly. The mold is lowered from the furnace assembly in a body of inert gas. In accordance with one of the features of the present inventions a stream of coolant having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of the inert gas, is directed against a first portion of the mold to initiate solidification of molten metal in the first portion of the mold. The stream is directed against portions of the mold disposed in the body of gas and disposed above the first portion of the mold to initiate solidification of molten metal in portions of the mold above the first portion of the mold. The stream which is directed against the mold may be formed of a molten metal. Alternatively, the stream which is directed against the mold may be formed of an inert gas in which particulate is entrained. The present invention has a plurality of different features which are advantageously utilized together in the manner described herein. However, it is contemplated that the features may be utilized separately and/or in combination with features from the prior art.
|
['B22D2704']
|
summary
|
12,570,559
|
AMIDIUM-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION [SEP] [abstract] The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide absorbent, an ionic liquid obtained by reacting amide and an organic acid and a method of using the same. The amidium-based ionic liquid of the present invention has excellent CO2 absorption capability, which is hardly reduced even with repeated use, is easy to synthesize and has low manufacturing cost thus being useful as a CO2 absorbent.
|
['B01D5314' 'C07C22906']
|
abstract
|
11,233,165
|
[invention] Various types of combustion may be used in an internal combustion engine. For example, spark ignition (SI) of a homogenous mixture during the expansion stroke is one example method. This method relies on a timed spark from a sparking plug in order to achieve ignition within the combustion chamber of an air and fuel mixture. Another type of combustion may be referred to as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), which occurs when the temperature of the combustion chamber exceeds autoignition temperature for the specific fuel resulting in autoignition. HCCI can be used to provide greater fuel efficiency and reduced NOx production under some conditions. One approach to utilizing autoignition combustion is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,293,246. In this approach, rather than relying on autoignition to initiate combustion, a spark assisted type of autoignition operation is utilized. Specifically, the approach in U.S. Pat. No. 6,293,246 relies on spark assist at all times in order to initiate autoignition of a mixture that has been raised to a temperature close to the autoignition temperature. In this example, the spark assisted combustion process requires the temperature of the gas within the combustion chamber attain a state near autoignition without achieving combustion. By firing a spark and initiating combustion in a portion of the combustion chamber, the pressure, and hence the temperature, may be increased in the entire combustion chamber. Thus, the gases which were near autoignition, are at or above an autoignition temperature, and autoignition occurs throughout the chamber. This phenomena is in contrast to spark ignition combustion in which a spark is fired thereby initiating a flame front which progresses through the combustion chamber into a mixture. In contrast, spark ignition combustion occurs in a mixture which is rich enough to sustain and propagate a flame front. Furthermore, the mixture is cool enough ahead of the flame front to resist autoignition. A sparking mechanism is then utilized to assist in initiating combustion within the chamber. The inventors herein have recognized a disadvantage with such an approach. Specifically, conditions may exist, such as with low engine load, in which the spark assisted autoignition combustion generates greater NOx and reduced levels of fuel economy that may be otherwise realized through non-spark assisted HCCI combustion. Additionally, the inventors recognized that non-spark assisted combustion may be limited at high loads due to degradation of accurate temperature control within the combustion chamber. In one approach, the above issues may be addressed by a method of operating an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber with a piston. The method comprises, during a first mode, adjusting an operating condition of the engine so that a first mixture of air and fuel in the combustion chamber attains an autoignition temperature and combusts without requiring a spark from the spark plug; and during a second mode, adjusting said operating condition of the engine so that a second mixture of air and fuel in the combustion chamber attains, but does not achieve, said autoignition temperature; and performing a spark from the spark plug after top dead center of piston position so that said second mixture combusts. In this way, it is possible to achieve improved fuel economy and reduced emissions during lower loads by using non-spark assisted combustion, while expanding the ability to operate at higher loads using spark-assisted autoignition. Thus, such multi-mode operation may achieve an overall improved fuel economy and lower NOx production by exploiting the advantages of each mode under alternate operating conditions. Note that operation during a non-spark assisted condition may still utilize what may be referred to as a waste spark, where the spark plug is fired at a later point after which autoignition should have occurred (i.e., the spark is present to initiate combustion in cases where the auto-ignition temperature is inadvertently not attained). In this way, reliable combustion can be provided even through some deviation in the temperature control may occur and the expected auto-ignition temperature is not achieved.
|
['F02B500' 'F02B1700']
|
background
|
11,667,793
|
[claim] 1. A method of detecting presence or absence of prostate cancer in a subject, the method comprising analyzing mitochondria or a mitochondrial component of at least one prostate cell of the subject, whereby an alteration in quantity of a mitochondria or mitochondrial component and/or a characteristic of a mitochondria with respect to a normal prostate cell is indicative of the presence or absence of the prostate cancer in the subject. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said mitochondrial component is selected from the group consisting of mitochondrial protein, mitochondrial glycoprotein, mitochondrial lipid, mitochondrial peptide and mitochondrial nucleic acid. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said mitochondrial protein is an enzyme or a structural protein. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said characteristic of said mitochondria is selected from the group consisting of mitochondrial size, mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial potential and mitochondrial volume. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said analyzing comprises exposing said at least one cell to an agent capable of binding to, or accumulating in mitochondria. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said exposing is effected in vivo. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein said exposing is effected ex vivo. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein said agent is labeled with a detectable moiety. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said detectable moiety is selected from the group consisting of a polypeptide and a chemical. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of an enzyme, a fluorescent polypeptide and an epitope. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said chemical is a radioactive isotope, a phosphorescent chemical, a chemiluminescent chemical and a fluorescent chemical. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said radioactive isotope can be detected by radioimaging. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said radioactive isotope is selected from the group consisting of Technetium99m, Carbon11, Oxygen15, Nitrogen13, Rubidium82, Gallium67, Gallium68, Yttrium90, Molybdenum99, Iodine123,124,131 Fluorine18, Phosphorus32, Copper62, Thallium201, Copper64, Copper62, Indium111, Xenon133. 14. The method of claim 6, wherein said agent is selected from the group consisting of Tc99Sestamibi, Tc99-tetrofosmin, Tc99-triphenylalkylphosphonium, 18-fluorine-labeled-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose, 62Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) and 64Cu-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N′,N″,N′″-tetraacetic acid—octreotide. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein said exposing is effected by intravenous administration of said agent. 16. The method of claim 5, wherein said analyzing further comprises imaging said agent. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said imaging is selected from the group consisting of radioimaging, fluorescence imaging, color imaging, biophotonic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said radioimaging is selected from the group consisting of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET) and gamma cameras. 19. The method of claim 7, further comprising removing said at least one prostate cell from the subject prior to said analyzing. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said removing is effected by a surgical biopsy procedure. 21. The method of claim 7, wherein said at least one prostate cell is intact. 22. The method of claim 7, wherein said at least one prostate cell is disintegrated. 23. The method of claim 5, wherein said agent is selected from the group consisting of a chemical, a dye, a peptide, a polypeptide and a polynucleotide. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein said dye is administered directly into said at least one prostate cell. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein said dye is membrane potential-independent. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein said membrane potential-independent dye is selected from the group consisting of nonyl acridine orange, MitoTracker Green FM, MitoFluor Green and MitoFluor Red 589. 27. The method of claim 23, wherein said dye is membrane potential-dependent. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein said membrane potential-dependent dye is selected from the group consisting of MitoTracker Orange CMTMRos, MitoTracker Orange CM-H2TMRos, MitoTracker Red CMXRos, MitoTracker Red CM-H2XRos, MitoTracker Red 580, MitoTracker Deep Red 633, MitoFluor Red 594, RedoxSensor Red CC-1 (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorotetramethyldihydrorosamine, JC-1 probe (5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide, Rhodamine 123, tetramethylrosamine, rhodamine 6G, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester, tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester, dihydrorhodamine, dihydrotetramethylrosamine, DiOC2(3), DiOC5(3), DiOC6(3), DiSC3(5), DiIC1(5), DASPMI (4-Di-1-ASP), DASPEI and CoroNa Red Na+. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein said polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of an antibody an avidin and a derivative thereof. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said avidin derivative is selected from the group consisting of avidin, strepavidin and nutravidin.
|
['A61K5108' 'C12Q104' 'C12Q116' 'A61K10332' 'A61K10320' 'A61K10100'
'A61K10300' 'A61K10330' 'A61K10310' 'C12Q168']
|
claim
|
11,428,815
|
IMMUNOGENICITY USING A COMBINATION OF DNA AND VACCINIA VIRUS VECTOR VACCINES [SEP] [abstract] This invention relates to improved methods of inducing an immune response for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection by using a nucleic acid vaccine in conjunction with a recombinant viral vaccine, e.g., a poxvirus vaccine, to potentiate and broaden the immune response. The present invention further provides a particularly effective vaccine regimen comprising a DNA vaccine used in combination with a poxvirus virus, especially NYVAC or ALVAC.
|
['A61K3921' 'C12N15867']
|
abstract
|
11,794,743
|
[description] The present invention will now be described in greater detail by means of the attached drawings. FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a catalytic converter module having multiple flow channels, as well as a catalytic converter block with one or several catalytic converter modules. FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the execution of the method in accordance with the present invention.
|
['B08B312' 'B08B9027' 'B08B308' 'B08B300' 'B08B704']
|
detailed_description
|
11,095,957
|
[summary] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for authentication of a user. The method calls for detecting an authentication event at a wireless communication device to gain access to a first wireless network through an access point associated with the first wireless network, obtaining a credential from a second wireless network in response to the authentication event, and authenticating the user based on the credential to establish a connection between the wireless communication device and the first wireless network. In another embodiment, a client-server based communication system to automate authentication of a user to a first wireless network, wherein the client-server based communication system is associated with a second wireless network. The client-server based communication system may comprise a client and a server. The client includes a storage storing instructions for detecting an authentication event at a wireless communication device to gain access to the first wireless network through an access point associated with the first wireless network, in response to the authentication event, automatically obtaining a credential from the second wireless network, and authenticating the user based on the credential to establish a connection between the wireless communication device and the first wireless network. The server may be adapted to communicate with the client for an operator. The server includes a storage storing instructions to automatically authenticate the user to the first wireless network in response to the authentication event by providing the credential in a signaling session with the client over the second wireless network for connecting the wireless communication device to the first wireless network. In yet another embodiment, a client in a client-server based communication system to automate authentication of a user to a first wireless network, wherein the client is associated with a second wireless network. The client comprises a controller and a storage coupled thereto. The storage stores instructions for detecting an authentication event at a wireless communication device to gain access to the first wireless network through an access point associated with the first wireless network, in response to the authentication event, automatically obtain a credential from the second wireless network, and authenticate the user based on the credential to establish a connection between the wireless communication device and the first wireless network. In still another embodiment, a server is associated with a wide area network in a client-server based communication system to automate authentication of a user to a network. The server comprises a controller and a storage coupled thereto. The storage stores instructions to automatically authenticate the user of a client to the first wireless network associated with an access point for an operator in response to an authentication event at a wireless communication device by providing a credential in a signaling session with the client over the second wireless network for connecting the wireless communication device to the first wireless network. In a further embodiment, an article comprising a computer readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, to automate authentication of a user, cause a client-server based communication system to detect an authentication event at a wireless communication device to gain access to a first wireless network through an access point associated with the first wireless network, automatically obtain a credential from a second wireless network in response to the authentication event, and authenticate the user based on the credential to establish a connection between the wireless communication device and the first wireless network. In one exemplary embodiment, an apparatus for automating authentication of a user comprises means for detecting an authentication event at a wireless communication device to gain access to a first wireless network through an access point associated with the first wireless network, means for automatically obtaining a credential from a second wireless network in response to the authentication event, and means for authenticating the user based on the credential to establish a connection between the wireless communication device and the first wireless network.
|
['H04L900']
|
summary
|
11,487,749
|
[summary] In accordance with the principles of this invention, a golfer sprays a coating onto a golf club face and allows the coating to dry quickly. The golfer then swings the club to strike a golf ball. Thereafter, the golfer inspects the club face and finds the spot identifying the point of impact because the impact has left a mark on the club face. The golfer can then compare the results of the swing with the mark and can continue this process to improve the swing as desired. The spray can be repeated as desired. The golfer can wipe the club face clean with a dry cloth. The content of the spray is a mixture of acetone, liquefied petroleum gas, talc and silicon dioxide. Further objects and advantages of this invention will either be explained or will become apparent hereinafter.
|
['A63B6936']
|
summary
|
11,724,740
|
Magnetic storage element responsive to spin polarized current [SEP] [abstract] The present invention relates to a memory cell including a first reference layer having a first magnetization with a first magnetization direction and a second reference layer having a second magnetization with a second magnetization direction substantially perpendicular to the first magnetization direction. A storage layer is disposed between the first reference layer and second reference layer and has a third magnetization direction about 45° from the first magnetization direction and about 135° from the second magnetization direction when the memory cell is in a first data state, and a fourth magnetization direction opposite the third magnetization direction when the memory cell is in a second data state.
|
['G11C1115']
|
abstract
|
12,044,174
|
[claim] 1. A memory system comprising: a memory configured to generate a data strobe signal including “(n/2)+1” clock signals, where “n” is a number of base data blocks in read data synchronously transferred by the memory during a read operation; and a memory controller configured to receive the read data, receive the data strobe signal, delay the data strobe signal to generate a delayed data strobe signal, and synchronously output “n/2” sampled data blocks to a requesting device in relation to the delayed data strobe signal. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory is further configured to output the “n” base data blocks to the memory controller synchronously with respect to a rising edge and a falling edge of the data strobe signal. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory controller is further configured to output the “n/2” sampled data blocks to the requesting device synchronously with a rising edge of the delayed data strobe signal. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory is a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM). 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the memory controller is a DDR SDRAM controller. 6. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory controller comprises: an input/output (I/O) pad configured to receive the read data and the data strobe signal; a delay logic circuit configured to provide the predetermined delay to the data strobe signal; a rising edge sampling register configured to receive read data from the I/O pad, and sample even data blocks in the “n” base data blocks synchronously with a rising edge of the delayed data strobe signal; a first falling edge sampling register configured to receive read data from the I/O pad, and sample odd data blocks in the “n” base data blocks synchronously with a falling edge of the delayed data strobe signal; a second falling edge sampling register configured to receive the even data blocks from the rising edge sampling register and synchronize the sampled even data blocks data with the falling edge of the delayed data strobe signal; and a synchronizing register configured to receive a sampled data block derived from an odd data block provided by the first falling edge sampling register and an even data block provided by the second falling edge sampling register, and synchronously provide the sampled data block to the requesting device. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the odd data block provided by the first falling sampling register comprises upper bits of the sampled data block output by the synchronizing register. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the even data block provided by the second falling sampling register comprises lower bits of the sampled data block output by the synchronizing register. 9. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the I/O pad is further configured to incorporate the delay logic circuit. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the delay logic circuit is a delay locked loop (DLL) circuit. 11. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the synchronizing register comprises a first-in first-out (FIFO) circuit. 12. A memory system comprising: a memory comprising a delay locked loop (DLL) circuit and configured to generate a data strobe signal including “(n/2)+1” clock signals, where “n” is a number of base data blocks in read data synchronously transferred by the memory during a read operation, wherein the DLL circuit synchronizes the data strobe signal with a rising edge of a clock signal provided by a requesting device; and a memory controller configured to receive the read data, receive the data strobe signal, delay the data strobe signal to generate a delayed data strobe signal, and synchronously output “n/2” sampled data blocks to the requesting device in relation to the delayed data strobe signal. 13. The memory system of claim 12, wherein the memory is further configured to output the “n” base data blocks to the memory controller synchronously with respect to a rising edge and a falling edge of the data strobe signal. 14. The memory system of claim 12, wherein the memory controller is further configured to output the “n/2” sampled data blocks to the requesting device synchronously with a rising edge of the delayed data strobe signal. 15. The memory system of claim 12, wherein the memory is a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM). 16. The memory system of claim 15, wherein the memory controller is a DDR SDRAM controller. 17. The memory system of claim 12, wherein the memory controller comprises: an input/output (I/O) pad configured to receive the read data and the data strobe signal; a delay logic circuit configured to provide the predetermined delay to the data strobe signal; a rising edge sampling register configured to receive read data from the I/O pad, and sample even data blocks in the “n” base data blocks synchronously with a rising edge of the delayed data strobe signal; a first falling edge sampling register configured to receive read data from the I/O pad, and sample odd data blocks in the “n” base data blocks synchronously with a falling edge of the delayed data strobe signal; a second falling edge sampling register configured to receive the even data blocks from the rising edge sampling register and synchronize the sampled even data blocks data with the falling edge of the delayed data strobe signal; and a synchronizing register configured to receive a sampled data block derived from an odd data block provided by the first falling edge sampling register and an even data block provided by the second falling edge sampling register, and synchronously provide the sampled data block to the requesting device. 18. A method of performing a read operation in a memory system comprising a memory and a memory controller and providing read data to a requesting device, the method comprising: generating a data strobe signal including (n/2)+1 clock signals in the memory, where “n” is a number of base data
|
['G11C700']
|
claim
|
11,742,897
|
[claim] 1. A sample handling buffer for removing a clinical sample carried in a sample carrier on a conveyor and presenting the sample to a sample processing station proximate said conveyor, the buffer comprising: a sample carrier holder proximate said conveyor and having a number of carrier zones formed therein, said zones sized to accept a sample carrier; a carrier shuttle having a carrier escapement device adapted to capture a sample carrier on the conveyor, the shuttle operable to transfer the captured sample carrier into one of the carrier zones; an actuator adapted to place the captured sample carrier proximate said processing station. 2. The buffer of claim 1 wherein the carrier shuttle is further adapted to transfer a sample carrier from one of the carrier zones back onto the conveyor. 3. The buffer of claim 1 wherein said actuator is adapted to cause said sample carrier holder to place any of the carrier zones proximate said processing station in any sequence, being the same sequence or other than the sequence at which the sample tube carriers were transferred into the carrier zones. 4. The buffer of claim 1 further comprising pawls for transferring the captured sample carrier into and out of said processing station. 5. The buffer of claim 1 wherein the conveyor comprises a pair of parallel tracks and wherein said carrier shuttle is further capable of removing said sample carrier from either of said tracks. 6. The buffer of claim 5 wherein said carrier shuttle is further capable of replacing and releasing said sample carrier onto either of said tracks. 7. The buffer of claim 1 wherein said sample carrier holder comprises a carousel having a generally circular, rotatable plate and the carrier zones are formed in the outer circumference thereof. 8. The buffer of claim 1 wherein said clinical processing station comprises an analyzer or a pre-analytical sample processing device. 9. The buffer of claim 2 wherein the carrier shuttle is adapted to transfer a sample carrier from one of the carrier zones back onto the conveyor in the same sequence or in a different sequence than the sequence at which the sample tube carriers were transferred into the carrier zones. 10. The buffer of claim 4 wherein the said carrier shuttle is operable to transfer a sample carrier into or from a carrier holding zone slot while a sample carrier is proximate the processing station. 11. A method for removing a clinical sample carried in a sample carrier on a conveyor and presenting the sample to a sample processing station proximate said conveyor, the method comprising: providing a sample handling buffer comprising a sample carrier holder proximate said conveyor and having a number of carrier zones formed therein, said zones sized to accept a sample carrier; operating a carrier shuttle having a carrier escapement device adapted to capture a sample carrier on the conveyor so as to transfer the captured sample carrier into one of the carrier zones; placing the captured sample carrier proximate said processing station. 12. The method of claim 11 wherein the carrier shuttle is further adapted to transfer a sample carrier from one of the carrier zones back onto the conveyor, 13. The method of claim 11 wherein said placing the captured sample carrier proximate said processing station comprises placing any of the carrier zones proximate said processing station in the same sequence or in a sequence other than the sequence at which the sample tube carriers were originally transferred into the carrier holding zones.
|
['G01N100' 'G01N3504']
|
claim
|
12,380,361
|
[summary] This invention pertains to methodology relating to applying, to an outside surface of a liquid container, a special, plural-layer, anti-leak, self-healing, anti-projectile-puncture, barrier structure which, using several different mechanisms, is intended inhibit liquid leakage from a selected container due to an impacting and piercing projectile, such as a bullet. An earlier version of this barrier structure is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/067,525, filed Feb. 25, 2005 for “Projectile Barrier and Method”, and reference is made herein to that prior-filed patent application for the purpose of setting forth a background foundation relevant to the present invention. We have determined that, for such an application, a very suitable barrier structure, or coating, is formed with three layers, including two outer layers which are made of an appropriate high-elastomeric material, and the third layer which is sandwiched between the two outer layers, formed as a composite-material layer including a body of substantially the same kind of high-elastomeric material just mentioned, in which body there exists a distribution of plural liquid-imbiber beads specifically designed to react, in a material-congealing and three-dimensional swelling manner, to contact with any liquid which might leak from a puncture created in a container of the type generally mentioned above. Even more specifically, we have determined that such a three-layer barrier structure may advantageously be constructed in such a fashion that the layer thicknesses of the two, outer, elastomeric layers are the same, with this thickness being substantially twice that of the intermediate layer which contains the mentioned beads. Fundamentally, the methodology of the present invention features generally two different layer-application procedures, one of which is associated with the creation of the two high-elastomeric only layers, and the second of which involves application of the intermediate, composite layer. The preferred manner for implementing the layer-creating procedures involves spray-application of the relevant layer-forming materials. The various features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent as the detailed description which now follows is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
|
['B05D136']
|
summary
|
10,578,790
|
[claim] 1. An electro-acoustic transducer comprising a magnetic circuit, a frame coupled with the magnetic circuit, a diaphragm fixed to the frame at the circumference, a voice coil attached to the diaphragm and disposed in part in the magnetic gap of magnetic circuit, a terminal consisting of a sheet metal having spring property and electrical conductivity, electrically coupled with the voice coil, and a stopper disposed on the reverse surface of the magnetic circuit for restricting the bending of the sheet metal constituting the terminal to be within the reversibility limit value of the metallic material. 2. The electro-acoustic transducer of claim 1, wherein the stopper is disposed on the reverse surface of the magnetic circuit's yoke. 3. The electro-acoustic transducer of claim 1, wherein the stopper is disposed on the reverse surface of the magnetic circuit's lower plate. 4. The electro-acoustic transducer of claim 1, wherein the stopper is formed of either an elastic body or a rigid body. 5. The electro-acoustic transducer of claim 4, wherein the elastic body is made of polymer material. 6. The electro-acoustic transducer of claim 5, wherein the polymer material is at least one selected from among the group consisting of rubber, elastomer, urethane foam and foamed resin. 7. The electro-acoustic transducer of claim 4, wherein the rigid body is made of either organic material or non-magnetic metallic material. 8. The electro-acoustic transducer of claim 1, wherein the stopper is formed of a laminar body which is made of at least two kinds of materials each having different coefficient of elasticity. 9. An electronic apparatus containing an electro-acoustic transducer, which transducer comprising a magnetic circuit, a frame coupled with the magnetic circuit, a diaphragm fixed to the frame at the circumference, a voice coil attached to the diaphragm and disposed in part in the magnetic gap of magnetic circuit, a terminal consisting of a sheet metal having spring property and electrical conductivity, electrically coupled with the voice coil, and a stopper disposed on the reverse surface of the magnetic circuit for restricting the bending of the sheet metal constituting the terminal to be within the reversibility limit value of the metallic material.
|
['H01L2984']
|
claim
|
12,432,815
|
[description] All trademarks are denoted herein by capitalization. The present invention comprises a fluorinated alkylalkoxylate of Formula (1) Rf—(CH2CF2)n(CH2)m—(CH2CH2O)p—XH (1) wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is an integer from 1 to 4; X is O; m is an integer from 1 to 6; R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atom; R2 is a divalent linear or branched alkylene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and p is an integer from 1 to about 40. Preferred compounds of Formula (1) are those wherein Rf is a perfluoroalkyl having 4 or 6 carbons. Also preferred are those compounds of Formula (1) wherein m is 1 to 4, more preferably 2 to 4. Other preferred compounds of Formula (1) are those wherein R2 is a divalent linear or branched alkylene group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Also preferred are those compounds of Formula (1) wherein p is an integer from 1 to about 30, preferably 1 to 20, and more preferably 4 to 13. The compounds of Formula (1) of the present invention are prepared by a process in which at least one partially fluorinated alcohol containing a Rf(CH2CF2)n— moiety wherein Rf is a short perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is contacted with an alkylene epoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising an alkali metal borohydride and an organic quaternary salt. Details of the process of preparation are described below. The fluorinated alkylalkoxylates of Formula (1) are especially useful in several industrial applications, including use as nonionic surfactants in the manufacture of polyvinylchloride (PVC) films, electrochemical cells, and various photographic coatings. One of the desired properties of the fluorinated alkylalkoxylates of the present invention is their ability to lower surface tension at very low concentration in aqueous media. Typically use of the compounds of Formula (1) results in surface tensions of less than 25 mN/m at 0.1% in water. This surfactant property results in uses in many aqueous media including various coatings, such as paints, stains, polishes, and other coating compositions, especially as leveling and anti-blocking agents. The compounds of the present invention are also useful in various oil field operations. Rf is a short perfluoroalkyl group with no more than 6 carbon atoms. One of the advantages of the fluorinated alkylalkoxylates of the present invention is that they provide desired surface properties while increasing fluorine efficiency. By the term “fluorine efficiency” as used herein is meant the ability to use a minimum amount of fluorinated compound and lower level of fluorine to obtain the same or enhanced surface properties. The compounds of the present invention are also useful as surfactants to reduce surface tension, and have low critical micelle concentration, while having reduced fluorine content due to the partial fluorination and/or short perfluoroalkyl chain length of 6 carbons or less. The present invention further comprises a method of altering the surface behavior of a liquid comprising adding to the liquid a compound of a Formula (1) as defined above. Normal surface tension of deionized water is 72 dynes/cm (72 mN/m). The above compound of Formula (1) is a surfactant which lowers surface tension at a specified rate. Generally better performance is obtained at higher concentrations of the surfactant in water. Such surface tension values in a medium, typically a liquid, are less than about 25 milli-newtons per meter (mN/m), preferably less than about 21 milli-newtons per meter (mN/m), at a concentration of the surfactant in the medium of less than about 0.5% by weight. The method of the present invention includes altering surface behavior, typically for lowering surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, in a variety of applications, such as in coatings, cleaners, oil field agents, and many other applications. Types of surface behavior which can be altered using the method of the present invention include wetting, penetration, spreading, leveling, flowing, emulsifying, dispersing, repelling, releasing, lubricating, etching, bonding, antiblocking, foaming, and stabilizing. Types of liquids which can be used in the method of the present invention include a coating composition, latex, paint, stain, polymer, floor finish, ink, emulsifying agent, foaming agent, release agent, repellency agent, flow modifier, film evaporation inhibitor, wetting agent, penetrating agent, cleaner, grinding agent, electroplating agent, corrosion inhibitor, etchant solution, soldering agent, dispersion aid, microbial agent, pulping aid, rinsing aid, polishing agent, personal care composition, drying agent, antistatic agent, floor finish, or bonding agent. The compounds and method of the present invention are useful in a variety of applications where a low surface tension is desired, such as coating formulations for glass, wood, metal, brick, concrete, cement, natural and synthetic stone, tile, synthetic flooring, paper, textile materials, plastics, and paints. The compounds and method of the present invention are useful in waxes, finishes, and polishes to improve wetting, leveling, and gloss for floors, furniture, shoe, and automotive care. The present invention is also useful in a variety of aqueous and non-aqueous cleaning products for glass, tile, marble, ceramic, linoleum and other plastics, metal, stone, laminates, natural and synthetic rubbers, resins, plastics, fibers, and fabrics. The present invention is also useful in oil field agents used for drilling and stimulation applications. The compounds of Formula (1): Rf—(CH2CF2)n(CH2)m—(CH2CH2O)p—XH (1) wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is 1 to 4; X is O; m is an integer from 1 to 6; R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atom; R2 is a divalent linear or branched alkylene group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and p is an integer from 1 to about 40, are prepared by reacting a fluorinated alcohol and an alkoxylating agent. A fluorinated alcohol of Formula (4), or a mixture of such fluorinated alcohols, Rf—(CH2CF2)n(CH2)m—XH (4) wherein Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n is 1 to 4; m is an integer from 1 to 6; X
|
['C07C4312']
|
detailed_description
|
12,356,993
|
[description] The invention is illustrated in more detail, with reference to two exemplifying embodiments, in the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first cutting unit having a guillotine cutting device, with the storage compartment closed; FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the cutting unit of FIG. 1 with the storage compartment open; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a second cutting unit having two cutting devices; FIG. 4 is a plan view of the cutting unit shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a third cutting unit having a rotary cutting device, with the storage compartment closed; FIG. 6 is a view of the third cutting unit as shown in FIG. 5 with the storage compartment open; FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the cutting unit shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, with the rotary cutting unit removed and with an associated guillotine cutting device.
|
['B26D100' 'B26D700']
|
detailed_description
|
12,221,558
|
[summary] In general, the invention includes a Variable Product reinsurance structure. The structure includes (i) a reinsurance agreement (the “Reinsurance Agreement”) between a Variable Product issuer, in the capacity of ceding company, and a separate account or cell of a reinsurance company, in the capacity of reinsurer (the “Cell”), that qualifies for (re)insurance accounting treatment under FAS 133; and (ii) a plurality of derivative instruments that qualify for mark-to-market accounting treatment under FAS 133 and that are designed to hedge exposure to an index of equity or other securities that correlates to the specific market risks assumed by the Cell under the Reinsurance Agreement (the “Hedges”), purchased for the account of the Cell from multiple dealers (the “Hedge Dealers”) such that none of the Hedge Dealers retains more than 50% of the risk of loss in the Cell. The Variable Product issuer may pay reinsurance premiums either up front or over time. Depending on the payment arrangement, the structure may also include (A) a basis hedge purchased for the account of the Cell from a third party dealer designed to hedge other risks assumed by the Cell in connection with the Reinsurance Agreement or (B)(1) a note (the “Note”) issued by the Cell to an investor (the “Noteholder”), (2) an assumption by the Ceding Company of the risk of non-payment by the Hedge Dealers and, potentially, (3) a contractual arrangement with a reinsurance intermediary involving a fee for services. Implementations may include one or more of the following features: the Reinsurance Agreement may be a retrocession agreement, in which case the ceding company would be a reinsurance company that has reinsured Variable Products and the Cell would be a separate account or cell of another reinsurance company. Implementations may also include other features. In general, in another aspect, the invention includes a Variable Product reinsurance mechanism that delivers the protection described above (i.e., to insurers and/or reinsurers that issued or reinsured Variable Products that expose them to Variable Product Guarantee Risks) in a form and substance that qualifies as reinsurance for accounting purposes. By being treated as reinsurance for accounting purposes, implementations may reduce or eliminate the accounting mismatch inherent in alternatives that are widely available to insurers and reinsurers at present. In some implementations, this is done by combining two key structuring features: (i) a cell that qualifies as a variable interest entity whose expected loss is hedged with at least three counterparties, i.e., no single party assumes more than 50% of the risk of loss in the cell, thus eliminating the need to consolidate the cell, and (ii) linking of the reinsurance benefit payments to mortality via payment based on incurred guaranteed death benefit claims, with a cap (“Cap”). The Cap may either be a dollar amount or an amount that references returns on an agreed index, such as the S&P500 or a basket of indices, during a reference period. Comparison with Direct Hedging and Capital Markets (Re)Insurance: Implementations may solve the accounting mismatch problem that has made unattractive current alternatives, i.e., the direct hedging and capital markets reinsurance discussed above. By using a variable interest entity and a method whereby less than 50% of the expected loss of a separate account or cell is borne by each single party, the accounting mismatch still exists using the Variable Product reinsurance mechanism disclosed herein, but need not be consolidated anywhere (i.e., not on the books of the direct Variable Product issuer or on the books of the entity that owns the insurance company of which the Cell is a part). This addresses the major drawback of hedging for direct Variable Product issuers, namely that they bear an accounting mismatch, and it addresses the major drawback of capital markets (re)insurance for the owner of an insurance or reinsurance company, namely, that the owners bear an accounting mismatch. Implementations can be structured such that the accounting mismatch rests with neither party. Generally speaking, solving the accounting mismatch alone does not qualify the Reinsurance Agreement as reinsurance—so the second structural feature, the linking of reinsurance benefit payments to mortality via payment based on incurred guaranteed death benefit claims, with a Cap, is also critical. To qualify as (re)insurance under US GAAP and to avoid mark-to-market accounting treatment under FAS 133, the Reinsurance Agreement must transfer underwriting risk—in this case mortality risk—and the reinsurer must have a reasonable possibility of realizing a significant loss. The Reinsurance Agreement meets these tests by linking reinsurance benefits to incurred death benefits. However, so that the user of the Variable Product reinsurance mechanism disclosed herein does not assume unlimited exposure to guaranteed death benefits—a risk that cannot be hedged in size—that exposure is capped pursuant to the Cap. Comparison with Traditional Reinsurance: Traditional reinsurance for Variable Product Guarantee Risks that was widely available until approximately early 2002 was generally proportional reinsurance—the reinsurers shared proportionally in the profits and losses of the underlying Variable Product with the direct Variable Product issuer. In contrast, the reinsurance mechanism disclosed herein enables the reinsurer to isolate only the market risks and a capped death benefit risk (i.e., the inherent mortality risk assumed by issuers of guaranteed death benefits) while leaving all other risks, such as expense risk, lapse risk, operational risk, residual mortality risk, etc., at the ceding company. (Proportional Structure only: While other insurance companies have used similar structures to transfer risk to an offshore affiliate, and subsequently to carve out a specific portion of that risk and retrocede it to a third-party reinsurance company, this has never before been accomplished in combination with the death benefit cap and accounting mismatch solutions described herein.)
|
['G06Q4000']
|
summary
|
11,598,207
|
[description] Definitions As used herein, the following terms and phrases shall have the meanings set forth below: An “allergen” refers to a substance that can induce an allergic or asthmatic response in a susceptible subject. The list of allergens is enormous and can include pollens, insect venoms, animal dander, dust, fungal spores and drugs (e.g. penicillin). Examples of natural, animal and plant allergens include proteins specific to the following genera: Canine (Canis familiaris); Dermatophagoides (e.g. Dermatophagoides farinae); Felis (Felis domesticus); Ambrosia (Ambrosia artemiisfolia; Lolium (e.g. Lolium perenne or Lolium multiflorum); Cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica); Alternaria (Alternaria alternata); Alder; Alnus (Alnus gultinosa); Betula (Betula verrucosa); Quercus (Quercus alba); Olea (Olea europa); Artemisia (Artemisia vulgaris); Plantago (e.g. Plantago lanceolata); Parietaria (e.g. Parietaria officinalis or Parietaria judaica); Blattella (e.g. Blattella germanica); Apis (e.g. Apis multiflorum); Cupressus (e.g. Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressus arizonica and Cupressus macrocarpa); Juniperus (e.g. Juniperus sabinoides, Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus communis and Juniperus ashei); Thuya (e.g. Thuya orientalis); Chamaecyparis (e.g. Chamaecyparis obtusa); Periplaneta (e.g. Periplaneta americana); Agropyron (e.g. Agropyron repens); Secale (e.g. Secale cereale); Triticum (e.g. Triticum aestivum); Dactylis (e.g. Dactylis glomerata); Festuca (e.g. Festuca elatior); Poa (e.g. Poa pratensis or Poa compressa); Avena (e.g. Avena sativa); Holcus (e.g. Holcus lanatus); Anthoxanthum (e.g. Anthoxanthum odoratum); Arrhenatherum (e.g. Arrhenatherum elatius); Agrostis (e.g. Agrostis alba); Phleum (e.g. Phleum pratense); Phalaris (e.g. Phalaris arundinacea); Paspalum (e.g. Paspalum notatum); Sorghum (e.g. Sorghum halepensis); and Bromus (e.g. Bromus inermis). An “allergy” refers to acquired hypersensitivity to a substance (allergen). Allergic conditions include eczema, allergic rhinitis or coryza, hay fever, bronchial asthma, urticaria (hives) and food allergies, and other atopic conditions. “Asthma”—refers to a disorder of the respiratory system characterized by inflammation, narrowing of the airways and increased reactivity of the airways to inhaled agents. Asthma is frequently, although not exclusively associated with atopic or allergic symptoms. An “immune system deficiency” shall mean a disease or disorder in which the subject's immune system is not functioning in normal capacity or in which it would be useful to boost a subject's immune response for example to eliminate a tumor or cancer (e.g. tumors of the brain, lung (e.g. small cell and non-small cell), ovary, breast, prostate, colon, as well as other carcinomas and sarcomas) or an infection in a subject. Examples of infectious virus include: Retroviridae (e.g., human immunodeficiency viruses, such as HIV-1 (also referred to as HTLV-III, LAV or HTLV-III/LAV, or HIV-III; and other isolates, such as HIV-LP; Picornaviridae (e.g., polio viruses, hepatitis A virus; enteroviruses, human coxsackie viruses, rhinoviruses, echoviruses); Calciviridae (e.g., strains that cause gastroenteritis); Togaviridae (e.g., equine encephalitis viruses, rubella viruses); Flaviridae (e.g., dengue viruses, encephalitis viruses, yellow fever viruses); Coronaviridae (e.g., coronaviruses); Rhabdoviridae (e.g., vesicular stomatitis viruses, rabies viruses); Filoviridae (e.g., ebola viruses); Paramyxoviridae (e.g., parainfluenza viruses, mumps virus, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus); Orthomyxoviridae (e.g., influenza viruses); Bungaviridae (e.g., Hantaan viruses, bunga viruses, phleboviruses and Nairo viruses); Arena viridae (hemorrhagic fever viruses); Reoviridae (e.g., reoviruses, orbiviurses and rotaviruses); Birnaviridae; Hepadnaviridae (Hepatitis B virus); Parvoviridae (parvoviruses); Papovaviridae (papilloma viruses, polyoma viruses); Adenoviridae (most adenoviruses); Herpesviridae (herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes viruses); Poxviridae (variola viruses, vaccinia viruses, pox viruses); and Iridoviridae (e.g., African swine fever virus), and unclassified viruses (e.g., the etiological agents of Spongiform encephalopathies, the agent of delta hepatitis (thought to be a defective satellite of hepatitis B virus), the agents of non-A, non-B hepatitis (class 1=internally transmitted; class 2=parenterally transmitted (i.e., Hepatitis C); Norwalk and related viruses, and astroviruses). Examples of infectious bacteria include: Helicobacter pyloris, Borelia burgdorferi, Legionella pneumophilia, Mycobacteria spp. (e.g., M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii, M. gordonae), Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus), Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus), Streptococcus (viridans group), Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus bovis, Streptococcus (anaerobic spp.), Streptococcus pneumoniae, pathogenic Campylobacter sp., Enterococcus sp., Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium sp., Erysipelothix rhusiopathiae, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasturella multocida, Bacteroides sp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Treponema pallidum, Treponema pertenue, Leptospira, and Actinomyces israelli. Examples of infectious fungi include: Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Candida albicans. Other infectious organisms (i.e., protists) include: Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. An “immunostimulatory nucleic acid molecule” refers to a nucleic acid molecule, which contains an unmethylated cytosine, guanine dinucleotide sequence (i.e. “CpG DNA” or DNA containing a cytosine followed by guanosine and linked by a phosphate bond) and stimulates (e.g. has a mitogenic effect on, or induces or increases cytokine expression by) a vertebrate lymphocyte. An immunostimulatory nucleic acid molecule can be double-stranded or single-stranded. Generally, double-stranded molecules are more stable in vivo, while single-stranded molecules have increased immune activity. In a preferred embodiment, the immunostimulatory nucleic acid contains a consensus mitogenic CpG motif represented by the formula: 5′ X1CGX2 3′ wherein X1 is selected from the group consisting of A, G and T; and X2 is C or T. In a particularly preferred embodiment, immunostimulatory nucleic acid molecules are between 2 to 100 base pairs in size and contain a consensus mitogenic CpG motif represented by the formula: 5′ X1X2CGX3X4 3′ wherein C and G are unmethylated, X1, X2, X3 and X4 are nucleotides. For economic reasons, preferably the immunostimulatory CpG DNA is in the range of between 8 to 40 base pairs in size if it is synthesized as an oligonucleotide. Alternatively, CpG dinucleotides can be produced on a large scale in plasmids, which after being administered to a subject are degraded into oligonucleotides. Preferred immunostimulatory nucleic acid molecules (e.g. for use in increasing the effectiveness of a vaccine or to treat an immune system deficiency by stimulating an antibody [humoral] response in a subject) have a relatively high stimulation index with regard to B cell, monocyte and/or natural killer cell responses (e.g. cytokine, proliferative, lytic or other responses). The stimulation index of a particular immunostimulatory CpG DNA can be tested in various immune cell assays. Preferably, the stimulation index of the immunostimulatory CpG DNA with regard to B-cell proliferation is at least about 5,
|
['A61K3939' 'A61K317088' 'A61K9127' 'A61P1106' 'A61P1700' 'A61P3708'
'C07H2100']
|
detailed_description
|
12,393,747
|
[description] The following explains an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is an elevation of a portable communications device 1000 of the present embodiment. FIG. 2A schematically shows the entirety of a digital demodulator 1 provided in the portable communications device 1000. The portable communications device 1000 of the present embodiment includes a digital demodulator 1 (digital receiver). The portable communications device 1000 receives a signal Sr from an antenna and this signal is demodulated by the digital demodulator 1. From the demodulated signal output from the digital demodulator 1, various types of information regarding data such as text, image, and sound, are fetched, so that data such as text, image, sound, and computer program product is reconstructed. Such a text, image, or the like is presented to the user of the portable communications device 1000, through an unillustrated display, speaker or the like of the portable communications device 1000. It is noted that, apart from the portable communications device, the digital demodulator 1 may be used in apparatuses such as a digital television, a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) apparatus, and a PC (Personal Computer) with a wireless LAN capability. The digital demodulator 1 includes a tuner 100 (receiving unit) and a demodulator 200. The tuner 100 performs channel selection on the signal Sr. That is to say, the tuner 100 selectively receives a particular frequency bandwidth of the signal Sr. The signal of the selectively-received channel is then converted into an IF (Intermediate Frequency) signal Si and sent to the demodulator 200. The demodulator 200 receives the signal Si from the tuner 100, generates a demodulated signal from the signal Si, and outputs the demodulated signal. The digital demodulator 1 is constituted by plural circuit components. Unless otherwise stated, each circuit component may be a group of circuit elements each specialized to an individual function or may be software such as a computer program product and data, which causes hardware such as a general-purpose processor circuit and memory to execute the below-described functions. In the latter case, a circuit component is a combination of hardware and software. The demodulator 200 sends a current control signal to the tuner 100. Based on the current control signal from the demodulator 200, the tuner 100 supplies a current to each circuit component. This current control will be detailed below. <Signal Sequence> The following explains a signal sequence that the portable communications device 1000 receives in the present embodiment. FIG. 2 schematically shows the signal sequence. This signal sequence is made up of plural frames lined up in time series. As shown in FIG. 2(a), a single frame is made up of N (N is a natural number not smaller than 2) signal blocks having the same time length. These signal blocks are divided into plural channels. A single channel is made up of one or more signal block(s). At least one of these channels is a control channel which includes an attribute signal indicating the attribute of each signal such as an arrangement of channels in one frame and the modulation method and coding rate of each signal in the signal blocks. In the remaining part of the channel included is plural service channels used for services such as sound transmission and video transmission. For example, the signal blocks of the present embodiment are arranged so that a block 0 is assigned to a control channel Ch0, blocks 1 to 3 are assigned to a service channel Ch1, and blocks 4 and 5 are assigned to a service channel Ch2. As FIG. 2(b) shows, each signal block is constituted by a single beacon signal and K (K is a natural number not smaller than 2)
|
['H04B110' 'H04L2706']
|
detailed_description
|
11,390,725
|
Resistive film on aluminum tube [SEP] [abstract] A tubular resistor assembly for use in electrical circuits for controlling automotive accessories, including a tubular aluminum or other metal substrate having watertight walls and open ends for connection to a fluid-carrying system, a resistor of a predetermined magnitude disposed on the tubular metal substrate. A control circuit, incorporating the resistor, controls the operation of one or more automotive accessory. The assembly may be used to intentionally heat a fluid passing through the tubular substrate, the fluid may be used to carry excess heat away from the resistor, or both. Multiple resistive elements may be included for multiple levels of control of such accessories as headlights, fan assemblies, and the like.
|
['B60L102']
|
abstract
|
12,510,035
|
[description] The present invention relates to hardsurface cleaning compositions and methods of using the cleaning compositions for controlling water hardness and protecting surfaces. In particular, the hardsurface cleaning composition is useful for preventing spotting or filming on the surface of ware. The cleaning compositions include a water hardness controlling agent including an acrylate polymer, an acrylate-maleic copolymer and a phosphonate. The combination of these three components in specified ratios prevent the formation and deposition of scale on hard surfaces. The cleaning compositions can be used in various industries, including, but not limited to: warewash (institutional and consumer), food and beverage, vehicle care, water care and textile care. In particular, the cleaning composition can be safely used on glass, plastic and metal surfaces. The cleaning composition generally includes an acrylate polymer having a molecular weight of about 4,500 g/mol (“acrylate polymer”), an acrylate-maleic copolymer having a molecular weight of about 40,000 g/mol (“acrylate-maleic copolymer”) and a 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (phosphonate) for controlling water hardness. The acrylate polymer, acrylate-maleic copolymer and phosphonate that make up the water hardness controlling agent function to prevent scale formation and deposition onto surfaces being cleaned with the cleaning composition. The water hardness controlling agent performs this function by preventing the precipitation of calcium carbonate into solution. An example of a suitable commercially available acrylate polymer having a molecular weight of about 4,500 g/mol includes, but is not limited to, Acusol 445N available from Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich. An example of a suitable commercially available acrylate-maleic copolymer having a molecular weight of about 40,000 g/mol includes, but is not limited to, Acusol 505N available from Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich. An example of a suitable commercially available 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid includes, but is not limited to, Bayhibit AM available from Mobay Chemical Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. An exemplary formulation parameter of the invention is that the cleaning composition includes the acrylate polymer, the acrylate-maleic copolymer and the phosphonate at particular ratios. In one embodiment, the acrylate-maleic copolymer, the acrylate polymer and the phosphonate are present at a parts per million (ppm) ratio of about 5-30:10-40:6-20 with the acrylate polymer and the acrylate-maleic copolymer being present at between about 5 and about 50 ppm and particularly between about 15 and about 50 ppm. In particular, the acrylate polymer, the acrylate-maleic copolymer and the phosphonate are present at a ppm ratio of about 5:40:8. The cleaning composition also includes an alkalinity source, such as an alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate, or alkali metal silicate. Examples of suitable alkalinity sources include, but are not limited to: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or a mixture of alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal carbonate. Examples of particularly suitable alkalinity sources include, but are not limited to: sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide. The alkalinity source controls the pH of the resulting solution when water is added to the cleaning composition to form a use solution. The pH of the cleaning composition must be maintained in the alkaline range in order to provide sufficient detergency properties. In an exemplary embodiment, the pH of a use solution of the cleaning composition is between approximately 10 and approximately 12. If the pH of the cleaning composition is too low, for example, below approximately 10, the cleaning composition may not provide adequate detergency properties. If the pH of the cleaning composition is too high, for example, above approximately 12, the cleaning composition may become caustic and begin to attack the surface to be cleaned. The cleaning composition also includes a surfactant component that functions primarily as a defoamer and as a wetting agent. A variety of surfactants may be used, including anionic, nonionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants. For a discussion of surfactants, see Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third Edition, volume 8, pages 900-912, which is incorporated herein by reference. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants useful in the cleaning composition include, but are not limited to: carboxylates such as alkylcarboxylates (carboxylic acid salts) and polyalkoxycarboxylates, alcohol ethoxylate carboxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylate carboxylates and the like; sulfonates such as alkylsulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, sulfonated fatty acid esters and the like; sulfates such as sulfated alcohols, sulfated alcohol ethoxylates, sulfated alkylphenols, alkylsulfates, sulfosuccinates, alkylether sulfates and the like. Some particularly suitable anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to: sodium alkylarylsulfonate, alpha-olefinsulfonate and fatty alcohol sulfates. Nonionic surfactants useful in the cleaning composition include those having a polyalkylene oxide polymer as a portion of the surfactant molecule. Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to: chlorine-, benzyl-, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl, butyl- and alkyl-capped polyethylene glycol ethers of fatty alcohols; polyalkylene oxide free nonionics such as alkyl polyglucosides; sorbitan and sucrose esters and their ethoxylates; alkoxylated ethylene diamine; alcohol alkoxylates such as alcohol ethoxylate propoxylates, alcohol propoxylates, alcohol propoxylate ethoxylate propoxylates, alcohol ethoxylate butoxylates and the like; nonylphenol ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene glycol ethers and the like; carboxylic acid esters such as glycerol esters, polyoxyethylene esters, ethoxylated and glycol esters of fatty acids and the like; carboxylic amides such as diethanolamine condensates, monoalkanolamine condensates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides and the like; and polyalkylene oxide block copolymers including an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer. Examples of suitable commercially available nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to: PLURONIC, available from
|
['C02F510' 'C11D337']
|
detailed_description
|
12,300,501
|
METHOD AND MEANS FOR TREATING INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE [SEP] [abstract] A method of treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises providing an intestinal biopsy sample obtained from inflamed tissue of a patient; mechanically treating the sample to obtain a cell suspension; identifying cell surface markers of activated leukocytes selected from T lymphocytes, neutrophil granulocytes, and eosinophil granulocytes in the suspension; raising antibodies against one of more of the activated cells and immobilizing them on a support; providing a column loaded with the support; diverting a portion of the patient's peripheral blood to make it pass through the column before re-infusing it to the patient to make the activated leukocytes couple with antibodies on the support, thereby eliminating them from the blood stream. Also disclosed are corresponding columns and supports, and their use in the method.
|
['A61M134' 'A61K3944']
|
abstract
|
12,360,284
|
[description] FIGS. 1A to 1C show an optical waveguide which is manufactured by a manufacturing method of an optical waveguide according to a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a plan view, FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken along line X1a-X1a in FIG. 1A, and FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken along line X1b-X1b in FIG. 1A. FIGS. 2A to 2C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 2A is a plan view, FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along line X2a-X2a in FIG. 2A, and FIG. 2C is a sectional view taken along line X2b-X2b in FIG. 2A. FIGS. 3A to 3C show one manufacturing step of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 3A is a plan view, FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along line X3a-X3a in FIG. 3A, FIG. 3C is a sectional view taken along line X3b-X3b in FIG. 3A, and FIG. 3D is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 3A. FIGS. 4A to 4C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 4A is a plan view, FIG. 4B is a sectional view taken along line X4a-X4a in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 4C is a sectional view taken along line X4b-X4b in FIG. 4A. FIGS. 5A to 5C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5A is a plan view, FIG. 5B is a sectional view taken along line X5a-X5a in FIG. 5A, and FIG. 5C is a sectional view taken along line X5b-X5b in FIG. 5A. FIGS. 6A to 6C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6A is a plan view, FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along line X6a-X6a in FIG. 6A, and FIG. 6C is a sectional view taken along line X6b-X6b in FIG. 6A. FIGS. 7A to 7C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 7A is a plan view, FIG. 7B is a sectional view taken along line X7a-X7a in FIG. 7A, and FIG. 7C is a sectional view taken along line X7b-X7b in FIG. 7A. FIGS. 8A to 8C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 8A is a plan view, FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken along line X8a-X8a in FIG. 8A, and FIG. 8C is a sectional view taken along line X8b-X8b in FIG. 8A. FIGS. 9A to 9C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 9A is a plan view, FIG. 9B is a sectional view taken along line X9a-X9a in FIG. 9A, and FIG. 9C is a sectional view taken along line X9b-X9b in FIG. 9A. FIGS. 10A to 10C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 10A is a plan view, FIG. 10B is a sectional view taken along line X10a-X10a in FIG. 10A, and FIG. 10C is a sectional view taken along line X10b-X10b in FIG. 10A. FIGS. 11A to 11C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 11A is a plan view, FIG. 11B is a sectional view taken along line X11a-X11a in FIG. 11A, and FIG. 11C is a sectional view taken along line X11b-X11b in FIG. 11A. FIGS. 12A to 12C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 12A is a plan view, FIG. 12B is a sectional view taken along line X12a-X12a in FIG. 12A, and FIG. 12C is a sectional view taken along line X12b-X12b in FIG. 12A. FIGS. 13A to 13C shows one manufacturing process of an optical waveguide according to a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 13A is a plan view, FIG. 13B is a sectional view taken along line X13a-X13a in FIG. 13A, and FIG. 13C is a sectional view taken along line X13b-X13b in FIG. 13A. FIGS. 14A to 14C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 14A is a plan view, FIG. 14B is a sectional view taken along line X14a-X14a in FIG. 14A, and FIG. 14C is a sectional view taken along line X14b-X14b in FIG. 14A. FIGS. 15A to 15C show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 15A is a plan view, FIG. 15B is a sectional view taken along line X15a-X15a in FIG. 15A, and FIG. 15C is a sectional view taken along line X15b-X15b in FIG. 15A. FIGS. 16A and 16B show one manufacturing process of the optical waveguide according to the second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 16A shows a core sheet composite structure and a circuit board and FIG. 16B shows a state that the core sheet composite structure is bonded to the circuit board. FIG. 17 shows an optical/electrical hybrid circuit which uses an optical waveguide that is manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present invention. FIG. 18 shows an optical/electrical hybrid circuit which uses a pair of optical waveguides that are manufactured by the manufacturing method according to the present invention.
|
['G02B604' 'D04H316']
|
detailed_description
|
12,288,709
|
[claim] 1. A hitch-mounted carrier, comprising: a height member having opposed first and second ends; an insert arm rotatably coupled to the height member first end for movement between storage and use configurations, the insert arm and height member being generally parallel when the insert arm is at the storage configuration and generally perpendicular when the insert arm is at the use configuration, the insert arm being configured for insertion in a tow hitch and having a wedge aperture; means for coupling the insert arm to the tow hitch; means for temporarily locking the insert arm at the storage and use configurations; at least one support arm rotatably coupled to the height member second end for movement between storage and use configurations, the support arm and height member being generally parallel when the support arm is at the storage configuration and generally perpendicular when the support arm is at the use configuration; means for temporarily locking the support arm at the storage and use configurations; at least one attaching element coupled to the at least one support arm for removably attaching a device to the at least one support arm; a wedge adjacent the insert arm wedge aperture; and means for moving the wedge between a first position generally flush with or inside the insert arm and a second position extending outside the insert arm to dampen wobble between the insert arm and the tow hitch. 2. The hitch-mounted carrier of claim 1, wherein the means for moving the wedge includes: a rotatable knob at an end of the insert arm; a rod coupled to the knob and extending inside the insert arm, at least a portion of the rod being threaded; and threads coupled to the wedge that are complementary to the rod threads; wherein rotation of the knob causes rotation of the rod; wherein rotation of the rod causes movement of the wedge through interaction between the rod threads and the wedge threads; and wherein at least one of a brace coupled to the wedge or interaction between the wedge and a barrier element causes the wedge to move to the second position when the wedge threads are drawn toward the knob. 3. The hitch-mounted carrier of claim 1, wherein: one of the insert arm or the at least one support arm moves more than one hundred and eighty degrees between storage and use configurations; and another of the insert arm or the at least one support arm moves less than one hundred and eighty degrees between storage and use configurations. 4. The hitch-mounted carrier of claim 1, wherein at least one support arm includes an integrated bike lock. 5. The hitch-mounted carrier of claim 4, wherein: the insert arm includes a bracket; a security bolt rotatably couples the insert arm bracket to the height member first end; the at least one support arm includes a bracket; and a security bolt rotatably couples the support arm bracket to the height member second end. 6. A portable bicycle rack, comprising: an elongate height member having upper and lower ends; an insert arm configured for insertion in a tow hitch and having a wedge aperture; a first bracket fixedly attached to the insert arm, the first bracket defining a channel generally perpendicular to the insert arm, the first bracket being rotatably coupled to the height member lower end to allow the insert arm to move between storage and use configurations, the insert arm and height member being generally parallel when the insert arm is at the storage configuration, the height member being generally parallel to the first bracket channel when the insert arm is at the use configuration; a wedge adjacent the insert arm wedge aperture; means for moving the wedge between a first position allowing the insert arm to be moved in and out of the tow hitch and a second position dampening wobble between the insert arm and the tow hitch; a movable pin configured to pass through apertures in at least one of the first bracket and the height member to selectively maintain the insert arm at the storage and use configurations; at least one support arm having at least one attaching element for removably attaching a bicycle to the at least one support arm; a second bracket fixedly attached to the at least one support arm, the second bracket defining a channel generally perpendicular to the at least one support arm, the second bracket being rotatably coupled to the height member upper end to allow the at least one support arm to move between storage and use configurations, the at least one support arm and height member being generally parallel when the at least one support arm is at the storage configuration, the height member being generally parallel to the second bracket channel when the at least one support arm is at the use configuration; and a movable pin configured to pass through apertures in at least one of the second bracket and the height member to selectively maintain the at least one support arm at the storage and use configurations. 7. The portable bicycle rack of claim 6, wherein the insert arm moves more than one hundred and eighty degrees between storage and use configurations. 8. The portable bicycle rack of claim 7, wherein the at least one support arm moves less than one hundred and eighty degrees between storage and use configurations. 9. The portable bicycle rack of claim 6, wherein at least one support arm includes an integrated bike lock. 10. The portable bicycle rack of claim 9, wherein: the first bracket is rotatably coupled to the height member lower end by a security bolt; and the second bracket is rotatably coupled to the height member upper end by a security bolt. 11. The portable bicycle rack of claim 10, wherein: the insert arm includes an aperture corresponding to an aperture in the tow hitch; and a locking hitch pin passes through the tow hitch aperture and the corresponding insert arm aperture to secure
|
['B60R906']
|
claim
|
12,024,216
|
[claim] 1. A liquid-tight slide fastener in which a pair of right and left coil-like coupling element rows, through which a core thread is respectively passed, are attached by sewing along opposing side edges of a pair of right and left fastener tapes, the fastener tapes having a liquid-tight layer on one surface thereof, wherein the core thread is coated with a water repellent agent or oil repellent agent. 2. The liquid-tight slide fastener according to claim 1, wherein the coupling element rows are coated with the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent. 3. The liquid-tight slide fastener according to claim 1, wherein the fastener tapes are coated with the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent. 4. The liquid-tight slide fastener according to claim 2, wherein the fastener tapes are coated with the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent. 5. A method for manufacturing a liquid-tight slide fastener, comprising: a step of sewing a pair of right and left coil-like coupling element rows, through which a core thread is respectively passed, onto opposing side edges of a pair of right and left fastener tapes; a step of, with the pair of right and left coupling element rows coupled with each other, forming a liquid-tight layer on surfaces on an opposite side to surfaces of the pair of right and left fastener tapes on which the coupling element rows are sewed; a step of cutting the liquid-tight layer along a coupling portion at which the pair of coupling element rows is coupled with each other; and a step of applying a water repellent agent or oil repellent agent to at least a portion of the core thread to settle the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent on the portion of the core thread. 6. The method for manufacturing the liquid-tight slide fastener according to claim 5, further comprising: a step of, when the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent is applied to the portion of the core thread, disposing a roller on surfaces on the opposite side to the surfaces of the fastener tapes, on which the coupling element rows exist; and winding a fastener chain along a peripheral surface of the roller so as to curve the fastener chain at a predetermined angle θ, thereby expanding a gap between the coupling element rows to accelerate a permeation of the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent into insides of the coupling element rows. 7. A method for manufacturing a liquid-tight slide fastener, comprising: a step of inserting a core thread coated with a water repellent agent or oil repellent agent through each of a pair of right and left coil-like coupling element rows; a step of sewing the coil-like coupling element rows, through which the core thread is respectively passed, onto opposing side edges of a pair of right and left fastener tapes; a step of, with the pair of right and left coupling element rows coupled with each other, forming a liquid-tight layer on surfaces on an opposite side to surfaces of the pair of right and left fastener tapes on which the coupling element rows are sewed; a step of cutting the liquid-tight layer along a coupling portion at which the pair of coupling element rows is coupled with each other; and a step of, before the core thread is passed through the coil-like coupling element row, applying a water repellent agent or oil repellent agent to the core thread in advance. 8. The method for manufacturing the liquid-tight slide fastener according to claim 7, further comprising: a step of applying the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent to the coupling element rows. 9. The method for manufacturing the liquid-tight slide fastener according to claim 7, further comprising: a step of applying the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent to the fastener tapes. 10. The method for manufacturing the liquid-tight slide fastener according to claim 8, further comprising: a step of applying the water repellent agent or oil repellent agent to the fastener tapes.
|
['A44B1942' 'A44B1932']
|
claim
|
11,483,113
|
[invention] Personal computers are general-purpose devices that may be modified to perform particular tasks or functions. Personal computer typically includes motherboard, power source, and other components mounted within an enclosure. A computer enclosure is an important mechanical element in a computer system for protecting and containing the electrical elements in the computer. The enclosure generally has the capability of being used in a desktop, tower or rack-mount configuration. Over the years, improvements in computer enclosure have been disclosed. U.S. Pat. No. 5,590,938 (herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) addresses several requirements/preferences for the frame structure including the enclosure. These improvements in computer enclosure generally provide ease of assembly, strong structural support, and reliable EMI/RFI shielding. There has been, however, very little improvement relating to the decorative appearance of computer enclosures. Known computer enclosures for personal computer systems are boxy, metallic, and especially unsightly if placed on top of a desk. One way of improving the unaesthetic appeal of having a boxy computer system is to simply hide it. While some computer systems can be placed under a desk, others provide a design where the boxy computer system can be placed under the computer monitor. Conventional computer enclosures may not have sufficient strength and stiffness to withstand the weight of a computer monitor placing on top of the enclosure without deflecting and, in some instances, deforming. One answer to this problem has been to add stiffening elements to the upper cover of the enclosure. Such stiffening elements, however, may decrease the available height within the enclosure for components within the enclosure, such as expansion cards, if an overall height of the enclosure is to be maintained within specification. Thus, there is still a need for a computer enclosure that is aesthetically appealing, personable, inviting for children, and/or expresses personality. This and all other referenced patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Furthermore, where a definition or use of a term in a reference, which is incorporated by reference herein is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
|
['G06F116']
|
background
|
12,365,700
|
High Intensity Fabry-Perot Sensor [SEP] [abstract] A method and apparatus for detecting seismic vibrations using a series of MEMS units, with each MEMS unit including an interferometer is described. The interferometers on the MEMS units receive and modulate light from two differing wavelengths by way of a multiplexing scheme involving the use of Bragg gratings and light circulators, and an optoelectronic processor receives and processes the modulated light to discern vibrational movement of the system, which in turn allows for monitoring and calculation of a specified environmental parameter, such as seismic activity, temperature or pressure.
|
['G01B902']
|
abstract
|
11,251,969
|
[summary] It is one object of the present invention to provide the combination of a container and a sorbent wherein the sorbent is supported in the container out of contact with the contents thereof. It is another object of the present invention to provide an insert for a container which supports a sorbent out of contact with the contents of the container. Other objects and attendant advantages of the present invention will readily be perceived hereafter. The present invention relates to the combination of a container body, an opening in said container body, an inner wall on said container body, a ledge on said inner wall proximate said opening, a sorbent body, and an edge on said sorbent body overlying and supported by said ledge. The present invention also relates to the combination of a container body, an opening in said container body, an inner wall on said container body, a basket, a plurality of fingers on said basket engaging said inner wall, and a sorbent body in said basket. The present invention also relates to a container insert for supporting a body within a container comprising a basket, a base on said basket, and a plurality of fingers resiliently mounted relative to said base and extending outwardly at an obtuse angle relative to said base. The various aspects of the present invention will be readily understood when the following portions of the specification are read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
|
['B65D2102']
|
summary
|
11,969,426
|
[invention] The present disclosure relates generally to a protective enclosure for a lighting fixture or other equipment. In particular, the protective enclosure of the present disclosure is directed towards an apparatus that may be mounted in connection with stage- or studio-type lighting instruments in multipurpose facilities to protect the lighting instruments from damage. It is common for organizations such as churches and schools to have multipurpose facilities that are used for entertainment and athletic purposes. One example of this would be a school gymnasium having a stage, which the school uses for athletic events and theatrical productions. Such a multipurpose facility is commonly referred to as a gymnatorium. Stage lights, video projectors, or other delicate equipment may be permanently mounted in a location that is susceptible to being struck by objects such as basketballs, volleyballs and the like when the facility is used for athletic purposes. Because stage and studio lighting instruments are expensive, ranging in price from several hundred to several thousand dollars apiece, it is desirable to protect the lighting instruments and equipment from impacts by the balls and other objects when the multipurpose facilities are being used for athletic purposes.
|
['F21V1500']
|
background
|
11,829,393
|
[description] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be understood in more detail from the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a driving device according to an exemplary of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a liquid crystal display having the driving device shown in FIG. 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 3 is a wavelength diagram illustrating various signals of FIG. 2.
|
['G06F3038']
|
detailed_description
|
12,493,635
|
[claim] 1. A ball carrier comprising: a case having a chamber formed spherically in the case; a connecting seat formed on the case and having a pivoting recess formed in the connecting seat; and a locking seat formed on the case opposite and corresponding to the connecting seat and having a locking assembly mounted on the locking seat and corresponding to and aligned with the pivoting recess of the connecting seat; a frame mounted between and connecting the connecting seat and the locking seat and having two fencing boards connected between the connecting seat and the locking seat, and each fencing board having a first connecting end mounted on the connecting seat; and a second connecting end mounted on the locking seat; and a door board connected pivotally on the pivoting recess of the connecting seat and connected detachably on the locking assembly of the locking seat, and located between the fencing boards and shaping the chamber of the case in cooperation with the fencing boards and having a pivoting end mounted rotatably on the connecting seat; and a locking end detachably connected on the locking assembly of the locking seat; and at least one strap, each one of the at least one strap having two ends being respectively connected to the case. 2. The ball carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting seat further has an inner surface; two first connecting recesses formed in the inner surface of the connecting seat; and each fencing board further has a first connecting tab protruding from the first connecting end of the fencing board and mounted on one of the first connecting recesses of the connecting seat. 3. The ball carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking seat further has an inner surface; two connecting recesses formed in the inner surface of the locking seat; and each fencing board further has a connecting tab protruding from the second connecting end of the fencing board and mounted on one of the connecting recesses of the locking seat. 4. The ball carrier as claimed in claim 2, wherein the locking seat further has an inner surface; two second connecting recesses formed in the inner surface of the locking seat; and each fencing board further has a second connecting tab protruding from the second connecting end of the fencing board and mounted on one of the second connecting recesses of the locking seat. 5. The ball carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the locking assembly further has a locking recess formed in the locking seat, corresponding to and aligned with the pivoting recess of the connecting seat and having two transverse sides defined in the locking recess, being parallel to each other and each having an outer end; a locking protrusion protruding from the transverse side of the locking recess; a pivoting hole formed in the transverse side of the locking recess; and a retaining tab formed on and protruding from the outer end of the transverse side of the locking recess; and a pivoting bar mounted pivotally in the pivoting recess and having pivoting protrusions respectively mounted rotatably in the pivoting holes of the pivoting recess; and a catch mounted pivotally on the pivoting bar and having an inner surface; two transverse rims formed on and protruding from the inner surface of the catch and being parallel with the transverse sides of the pivoting recess; two locking holes respectively formed in the transverse rims of the catch and corresponding to the locking protrusions of the pivoting recess; and a locking hook formed on the inner surface of the catch; and the door board further has a locking tongue formed on and protruding from the locking end and selectively abutting the retaining tabs; and a hooking hole formed through the locking tongue and corresponding to and hooked by the locking hook. 6. The ball carrier as claimed in claim 4, wherein the locking assembly further has a locking recess formed in the locking seat, corresponding to and aligned with the pivoting recess of the connecting seat and having two transverse sides defined in the locking recess, being parallel to each other and each having an outer end; a locking protrusion protruding from the transverse side of the locking recess; a pivoting hole formed in the transverse side of the locking recess; and a retaining tab formed on and protruding from the outer end of the transverse side of the locking recess; and a pivoting bar mounted pivotally in the pivoting recess and having pivoting protrusions respectively mounted rotatably in the pivoting holes of the pivoting recess; and a catch mounted pivotally on the pivoting bar and having an inner surface; two transverse rims formed on and protruding from the inner surface of the catch and being parallel with the transverse sides of the pivoting recess; two locking holes respectively formed in the transverse rims of the catch and corresponding to the locking protrusions of the pivoting recess; and a locking hook formed on the inner surface of the catch; and the door board further has a locking tongue formed on and protruding from the locking end and selectively abutting the retaining tabs; a hooking hole formed through the locking tongue and corresponding to and hooked by the locking hook. 7. The ball carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pivoting recess of the connecting seat further has two parallel sides defined in the connecting seat; two pivoting grooves formed in the parallel sides of the pivoting recess; and the door board is changeably connected pivotally on the pivoting recess of the connecting seat and further has two pivoting rods respectively protruding from the pivoting end of the door board and mounted rotatably respectively in the pivoting grooves. 8. The ball carrier as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pivoting recess of the connecting seat further has two parallel sides defined in the connecting seat; two pivoting grooves formed in the parallel sides of the pivoting recess; and the door board
|
['A45F300' 'B65D8558' 'A63B4700']
|
claim
|
11,379,107
|
[description] Described herein is a method, system, and protocol for providing a plurality of channel types for broadcasting media and information about the media via a wireless network such as a WLAN. The information can include a directory, including a schedule and a description of media programs. While the exemplary network 100 shown in FIG. 1 is similar to a prior art network, such a network is not prior art when it includes one or more aspects of the present invention. The
|
['H04J322']
|
detailed_description
|
12,356,354
|
[description] The following description supplies specific details in order to provide a thorough understanding. Nevertheless, the skilled artisan would understand that the devices and associated methods of making and using the devices can be implemented and used without employing these specific details. Indeed, the devices and associated methods can be placed into practice by modifying the illustrated devices and associated methods and can be used in conjunction with any other apparatus and techniques conventionally used in the industry. For example, while the description below focuses on methods for making for semiconductor packages in the IC industry, it could be used in and applied to other electronic devices like optoelectronic devices, solar cells,
|
['H01L2511' 'H01L2150']
|
detailed_description
|
11,265,042
|
[claim] 1. An apparatus for producing wavelength stabilized electromagnetic radiation, the apparatus comprising a broadband semiconductor radiation source configured to provide broadband electromagnetic radiation having a mean wavelength λm, and a bandpass radiation filter, an input of said bandpass radiation filter being in optical connection to an output of said radiation source, and a common temperature stabilizer being in thermal contact with both, the radiation source and the radiation filter. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, the temperature stabilizer comprising a thermoelectric cooler, a temperature sensor being in thermal contact with the radiation source and the radiation filter and a controller an input of which is operatively connected to the temperature sensor and an output of which is operatively connected to the thermoelectric cooler. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the controller comprises an analog electronic control circuit and is absent any analog-to-digital conversion stage. 4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the controller comprises a digital signal processing unit. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a mount, the radiation source and the radiation filter being mechanically connected to said mount, the mount being in thermal contact with the temperature stabilizer. 6. The apparatus according to claim 5, the temperature stabilizer comprising a thermoelectric cooler, the mount being mounted on the thermoelectric cooler. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, the broadband electromagnetic radiation comprising a broadband electromagnetic radiation bandwidth, the bandpass radiation filter comprising a filter bandwidth, the filter bandwidth being smaller than the radiation bandwidth. 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, the broadband electromagnetic radiation having a mean wavelength λm, wherein within a wavelength span Δλ which includes the mean wavelength and with Δλ/λm>0.05 the spectral power does not vary by more than 0.8 dB. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the mean wavelength is in the near infrared region. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the semiconductor radiation source comprises a non-lasing superluminescent light emitting diode. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the semiconductor radiation source further comprises a second non-lasing superluminescent light emitting diode, the second non-lasing superluminescent light emitting diode having an emission characteristics different from the emission characteristics of the first non-lasing superluminescent light emitting diode. 12. A system for generating electromagnetic radiation comprising a package of at least one superluminescent light emitting diode operable to emit primary electromagnetic radiation with a first bandwidth and a band pass filter capable of filtering the primary radiation to yield secondary radiation with a second bandwidth, which is smaller than the first bandwidth, an input of the band pass filter being optically coupled to an output of the at least one superluminescent light emitting diode, the package being thermally coupled to a thermoelectric cooler, the system further comprising a temperature sensor being in thermal contact with the package and a controller operable to control the thermoelectric cooler based on signals input from the temperature sensor. 13. The system according to claim 12, the primary electromagnetic radiation having a mean wavelength λm, wherein within a wavelength span Δλ which includes the mean wavelength and with Δλ/λm>0.05 the spectral power does not vary by more than 0.8 dB. 14. The system according to claim 12, comprising a fiber optically coupled to an output of said band pass filter, so that radiation output by the filter is couplable into the fiber, the fiber being at least one of a single mode fiber and of a polarization maintaining fiber. 15. The system according to claim 12 further comprising an optical arrangement including a fiber coil into which radiation output by the filter is couplable, the optical arrangement being capable of detecting a change of orientation of the fiber coil with respect to one spatial direction.
|
['G01J310']
|
claim
|
11,583,731
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a solid-state laser apparatus which is constituted by a gain medium and an excitation light source realized by a semiconductor laser, and emits laser light having a wavelength different from the oscillation wavelength of the semiconductor laser by exciting the gain medium with laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser. In particular, the present invention relates to a solid-state laser apparatus which emits laser light in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength range. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, semiconductor-laser-excited solid-state laser apparatuses in which a gain medium is excited with laser light emitted from a semiconductor laser as an excitation light source are known. For example, in the solid-state laser apparatuses disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,125,132, European Laid-Open No. 1162705, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-356479, a nitride-based (e.g., GaN-based) semiconductor laser emitting laser light in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength range of 350 to 550 nm is used as an excitation light source, and a solid laser crystal doped with ions of one or more of rare-earth elements and transition-metal elements which realize radiative centers in a gain medium is used as the gain medium. As indicated in U.S. Pat. No. 6,125,132, Pr ions, which realize a plurality of emission peaks in the visible wavelength range, are receiving attention as the ions with which the gain medium is to be doped for producing radiative centers in the gain medium. An example of a material which is expected to be a host compound to be doped with Pr ions is Y 3 Al 5 O 12 (YAG) since YAG is superior in thermal stability. In the case where YAG is doped with Pr ions, part of Y 3+ ions at A sites are substituted with Pr 3+ ions by solid solution. However, the ion radius r 1 (=0.1019 nm) of the Y 3+ ions at A sites is smaller than the ion radius r 2 (=0.1126 nm) of the Pr 3+ ions at A sites (i.e., r 1 <r 2 ) . Therefore, the segregation coefficient in the doping of YAG with Pr ions is approximately zero, so that the solid solution of Pr in YAG is extremely difficult. Thus, high concentration doping with Pr ions is difficult, and the concentration of the Pr ions is at most 0.5 mol %. When the dopant concentration in a solid laser crystal is 0.5 mol % or smaller, the absorption coefficient of the solid laser crystal is less than 1 cm −1 , so that it is difficult to generate laser light in the visible wavelength range with high efficiency. It is possible to increase the absorption efficiency of the gain medium and the efficiency of the solid-state laser apparatus by increasing the length of the Pr-doped solid laser crystal. In the solid-state laser apparatus, the solid laser crystal can be excited by injecting excitation laser light through either the end face or one or more side faces of the crystal (i.e., the solid laser crystal can be excited by either the longitudinal excitation or the transverse excitation). When the length of the crystal is increased in the solid-state laser apparatus, whichever of the longitudinal excitation and the transverse excitation is used, the region in which the excitation light is absorbed does not coincide with the diameter of the oscillated laser beam, so that the mode matching efficiency is lowered, and the efficiency of the solid-state laser apparatus cannot be increased. Even if the absorption efficiency of the Pr-doped solid laser crystal is low, it is possible to increase the output power of the solid-state laser apparatus by increasing the output power of the excitation light source. However, when the output power of the excitation light source is increased, the size or cost of the excitation light source increases. Therefore, it is not preferable to increase the output power of the excitation light source. U.S. Pat. No. 6,125,132, European Laid-Open No. 1162705, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-356479 disclose use of a crystal as a gain medium, and do not refer to use of a polycrystalline gain medium. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider that the term “crystal” means a monocrystal in U.S. Pat. No. 6,125,132, European Laid-Open No. 1162705, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-356479. However, the monocrystals, including the Pr-doped solid laser crystal, are expensive, and it is difficult to increase the sizes of monocrystals. Although it is particularly difficult to dope a solid laser crystal with Pr ions as mentioned before, there is a general tendency that high-concentration doping of a monocrystal with the other ions for realizing radiative centers is also difficult. In addition, in the case where ultraviolet light is obtained by converting the wavelength of the output of the conventional solid-state laser apparatus by using a wavelength conversion element, it is difficult to increase the efficiency of the solid-state laser apparatus and the output power of the ultraviolet light. Under the above circumstances, currently no practical solid-state laser apparatus can emit laser light in the visible and ultraviolet wavelength range with high efficiency and be produced at low cost. Further, A. Ikesue et al., “Synthesis of Pr Heavily-Doped, Transparent YAG Ceramics,” Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, vol. 109, Issue 7, pp. 640-642, 2001 reports that it is possible to achieve a higher doping concentration (specifically, 4.3 mol %) of Pr ions in a sintered polycrystalline YAG body than in a monocrystal. However, the Ikesue reference shows only a result of a basic scientific research on the Pr-doped YAG material, and does not refer to application to a solid-state laser apparatus, much less application to a solid-state laser apparatus using a nitride-based semiconductor laser as an excitation light source.
|
['H01S314']
|
background
|
12,057,591
|
[description] The invention is suitable for the reforming of hydrocarbon feedstocks. The hydrocarbon feedstock is preferably liquid. It may involve hydrocarbons, petroleum fractions or alcohols, preferably ethanol, or finally mixtures of the latter. A potentially advantageous fuel is bioethanol. This biofuel is presented as a long-lasting energy alternative. It is obtained by fermentation or distillation of vegetable raw materials, such as, for example, saccharose or starch. It has the advantage of having a very low level of greenhouse gas emissions. Certain feedstocks can contain sulfur-containing compounds or odorous compounds that are added intentionally for safety reasons or legal reasons. The latter can deteriorate the catalysts that are present in the installation. It is therefore customary for one skilled in the art to purify the feedstock before its use by using, for example, one desulfurization unit. In addition to the hydrocarbon feedstock, the process requires an input of water. The latter is preferably deionized. When the reforming reaction is an autothermal reforming, an oxygen source is necessary to the reaction. The latter can be pure oxygen, air or oxygen-enriched air. The reforming process that is implemented in the invention is selected from among the processes that are known to one skilled in the art. The invention preferably uses an autothermal reforming reactor (ATR according to the English terminology). The latter typically operates at a temperature of between 400° C. and 1000° C. and is preferably less than 725° C., which is the boundary temperature that can support an inexpensive material. One skilled in the art, however, generally seeks to reach a maximum temperature because the vapor-reforming reaction (or vapor reforming) of the hydrocarbon feedstock with the water, a reaction that promotes a high hydrogen fraction in the synthesis gas that is formed, is endothermic. The pressure is traditionally between 100 and 4000 kPa. The authothermal reforming reactor contains one or more catalysts that are suitably selected by one skilled in the art. For example, autothermal reforming catalysts are marketed by the SüdChemie Company (FCR-14 monolith) or the Engelhard Company (Selectra ATR catalyst). The feedstocks that are introduced into the reforming reactor are first preferably heated to a temperature of between 300° C. and 500° C., preferably between 425° C. and 475° C. When the hydrocarbon feedstock is liquid, the latter can be evaporated by itself or with water and/or with air and/or with water vapor before being injected into the reforming reactor in gaseous form. It is generally important not to have a two-phase mixture at the inlet of the reformer because this reduces the performance levels of the reactor. The water is also evaporated by itself or with the air and/or with the hydrocarbon feedstock. At the inlet of the reformer, in general it is important that the temperature of the mixture remains less than the self-ignition temperature of the feedstock under the operating conditions. For example, in the case of a hydrocarbon feedstock that consists of ethanol, the temperature at the inlet of the reforming reactor is preferably less than 475° C. The energy that is necessary for this evaporation and heating is taken at different points in the process by heat exchangers that are well-positioned and appropriately sized by one skilled in the art. The primary heat sources are the hot effluent that exits from the reformer and the combustion gases that are obtained from the residual gas burner. For safety reasons, it is generally preferred not to heat the oxygen source, for example air, by heat exchange with the effluent from the reforming reactor or the reactor for converting carbon monoxide into water because these gaseous streams are rich in hydrogen. Preferably, to maximize the production of water vapor, the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock is evaporated with as large an amount of water as possible by using the heat of the effluent from the reformer. Certain other effluents, such as that of the reactor for converting carbon monoxide into water (WGS according to the English terminology), if it is present, can be employed. Overall, good heat integration makes it possible to reach a quite high H2O/C molar ratio (preferably more than 3.0, and more preferably more than 4.0), which makes it possible to achieve a good hydrogen yield (preferably more than 60%, and more preferably more than 64%), while maintaining the autothermal process, i.e., without input of outside energy. The reformate, i.e., the effluent from the reforming reactor, is a synthesis gas. It is preferably treated by a purification section. Said section can contain one or more units that make it possible to reduce the carbon monoxide level, to separate the hydrogen-rich gas, and to purify it. Typically, a reactor for converting carbon monoxide into water is the most used means. Several catalytic conversion zones can be used to reduce the level of carbon monoxide in the reformate. It is common, for example, for one skilled in the art to use two separate catalytic zones, one at high temperature (300 to 560° C.) upstream (high temperature conversion or HT shift according to the English terminology), and one at low temperature (from 200 to 260° C.) downstream (low temperature conversion or LT-shift according to the English terminology). The suitable catalysts are selected by one skilled in the art. For example, commercial catalysts are proposed by the following companies: Südchemie (PMS5B),
|
['C01B302']
|
detailed_description
|
10,481,392
|
[description] The present invention provides an optically driven, increased efficiency, miniaturized x-ray source for use in materials analysis systems. The x-ray source includes a laser-heated thermionic cathode, in contrast to prior art x-ray sources for materials analysis, which have resistively heated thermionic cathodes, or field emitter cathodes. Heating the thermionic cathode with a laser, rather than with a current, significantly reduces the power requirements for the x-ray source. The x-ray source includes an inclined-plane, grazing incidence target, by which the efficiency of x-ray generation may be improved. FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an overview of an x-ray source 10 for materials analysis, constructed according to the present invention. In overview, the x-ray source 10 includes an optical source 20, an optical delivery structure 30, and an x-ray generator assembly 40. The x-ray generator assembly 40 includes an electron source 50, an anode 70, and a target element 80. The electron source 50 is responsive to optical radiation, generated by the optical source 20 and transmitted through the optical delivery structure 30, to generate an electron beam along a beam path 90. The electron source 50 is preferably a thermionic cathode 60. The optical delivery structure 34 is preferably a lens, but other types of optical delivery structures, such as a fiber optic cable, are also within the scope of the present invention. The optical delivery structure 34 directs a beam of optical radiation generated by the optical source 20 and transmitted through the delivery structure 34 onto the thermionic cathode 60. The incident beam of optical radiation heats the thermionic cathode 60 so as to cause thermionic emission of electrons. The target element 80 is positioned in the beam path 90. The target element 80 includes an x-ray emissive material adapted to emit x-rays in response to incident accelerated electrons from the electron source 50. In a preferred embodiment, the target element 80 has an inclined surface 82, which defines an angle of inclination 84 with respect to the beam path 90. FIG. 2 illustrates a more detailed, diagrammatic view of one embodiment of an x-ray source 100 constructed in accord with the present invention, and adapted for materials analysis systems. The x-ray source 100 includes an optical source 102, an optical delivery structure 114, and an x-ray generator assembly 106. The x-ray generator assembly includes an electron source 108, an anode 122, and a target element 110. The x-ray source 100 also includes means 112 for providing an accelerating voltage so as to establish an accelerating electric field that acts to accelerate the electrons emitted from the electron source 108 toward the target element 110. The means 112 for providing an accelerating voltage may be a high voltage power supply. In a preferred embodiment, the optical source 102 is a laser, so that the optical radiation generated by the source is substantially monochromatic, and coherent. The laser 102 may be a diode laser, by way of example; however other lasers known in the art may be used, including but not limited to, Nd:YAG laser or a Nd:YVO4 and molecular lasers. Alternatively, other sources of high intensity light may be used, such as LEDs (light emitting diodes) and laser diodes. In the illustrated embodiment, the optical delivery structure 114 is a lens for focusing incoming optical radiation, generated by the laser 102. Preferably, the lens 114 is an aspherical lens adapted to focus light from the laser 102 onto a spot on the electron source. The aspherical lens 114 is adapted to change the focal point of the incoming laser beam, so as to obtain the desired beam strength. The x-ray generator assembly 106 may be about 0.5 to about 5 cm in length, by way of example. The x-ray generator assembly preferably includes a shell or capsule 118 which encloses the electron source 108, the anode 122, and the target element 110. According to one embodiment, the capsule 118 is rigid in nature and generally cylindrical in shape. The cylindrical capsule 118, which encloses the constituent elements of the x-ray generator assembly 106, can be considered to provide a substantially rigid housing for the electron source 108, the anode 122, and the target element 110. In this embodiment, the electron source 108 and the target element 110 are disposed within the capsule 118, with the electron source 108 disposed at a proximal end of the capsule 118, and the target element disposed at a distal end of the capsule 118. The capsule 118 defines a substantially evacuated interior region extending along the beam axis, between the electron source 108 at the proximal end of the capsule 118 and the target element 110 at the distal end of the capsule 118. The capsule 118 may be formed of materials including, but not limited to, glass and ceramic. The inner surface of the x-ray generator assembly 106 may be lined with an electrical insulator, while the external surface of the assembly 106 can be electrically conductive. In the illustrated preferred embodiment of the invention, the electron source 108 is preferably a thermionic cathode 108 having an electron emissive surface. Upon heating of the thermionic cathode to a thermionic temperature, the cathode generates an electron beam along an electron beam path 124. The x-ray generator assembly 106 also includes an anode 122 for attracting the electrons emitted from the thermionic cathode 108. A focusing electrode 125 may also be included for concentrating the emitted electron beam onto a small spot. Typically, the focusing electrode is formed of a metallic material, and is annular in shape. The target element 110 is preferably spaced apart from and opposite the electron emissive surface of the thermionic cathode 108, and has at least one x-ray emissive material adapted to emit x-rays in response to incident accelerated electrons from the electron emissive surface of the thermionic cathode 108. The target 110 is preferably at ground, or at a slightly negative potential. In a preferred embodiment, the target element 110 has an inclined surface that defines
|
['H01J3506']
|
detailed_description
|
11,061,399
|
[summary] In accordance with this invention, a system, method, and computer-readable medium for inhibiting software tampering is provided. The method form of the invention includes a method for inhibiting software tampering. The method comprises upon start-up of a computing machine, invoking by a log-on module a protection function of an obfuscated dynamic link library to create a first thread that protects keys and values of a central hierarchical database associated with the system. The method further comprises upon log-on to the computing machine by a user, invoking by the log-on module the protection function of the obfuscated dynamic link library to create a second thread that protects keys and values of the central hierarchical database associated with the user. In accordance with further aspects of this invention, a computer-readable medium form of the invention includes a computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions thereon for implementing a method for inhibiting software tampering. The method comprises upon start-up of a computing machine, invoking by a log-on module a protection function of an obfuscated dynamic link library to create a first thread that protects keys and values of a central hierarchical database associated with the system. The method further comprises upon log-on to the computing machine by a user, invoking by the log-on module the protection function of the obfuscated dynamic link library to create a second thread that protects keys and values of the central hierarchical database associated with the user.
|
['G06F1730']
|
summary
|
11,237,149
|
[summary] An electrostatic protection circuit according to a basic configuration being an integrated circuit on a semiconductor substrate and including a first power supply terminal having a predetermined potential, a second power supply terminal having a lower potential than the predetermined potential, and an input/output terminal for a signal, the electrostatic protection circuit including: a first and second diodes having the respective cathode electrodes thereof connected in series at a first common connection point between the first power supply terminal and input/output terminal; a third and fourth diodes having the respective anode electrodes thereof connected in series at a second common connection point between the second power supply terminal and input/output terminal; a first discharge element, connected between the first and second common connection points, for discharging excessive static electricity; and a second discharge element, connected between the first and second power supply terminals, for discharging excessive static electricity.
|
['H02H900']
|
summary
|
12,316,544
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a motor-driven reciprocating saw including a guide device having a guide member for guiding the saw over a workpiece and having a base body and a guide sole provided on the base body and including a bearing surface. 2. Description of the Prior Art Known reciprocating saws such as, e.g., saber saws, have guide means such as guide shoe for a reliable, precise guidance of a reciprocating saw over a workpiece. The guide means is pressed against the workpiece during work with a reciprocating saw. U.S. Pat. No. 5,421,091 discloses a motor-driven reciprocating saw which is formed as a saber saw and has a housing, a guide shoe for guiding the saber saw over a workpiece, and a motor-driven, in pendulum-like manner, push rod. The guide shoe is pivotally supported in a longitudinal opening at an end of a connection rail, with the connection rail being guided in a house opening and being formlockingly secured therein. The drawback of the above-described saber saw consists in that the vibrations, which act on the guide shoe during operation of the saber saw, are transmitted to the housing neck which functions as a hand-hold. Japanese Publication JP 4 053 620 discloses a motor-driven reciprocating saw which is formed as a hack saw and a guide shoe of which used for guiding the reciprocating saw over a workpiece, has, on its side adjacent to the workpiece, an elastic layer. The drawback of the reciprocating saw, which is disclosed in the above-discussed Japanese Publication, consists in that the elastic layer, because of an increased frictional adhesion to the workpiece, brakes the displacement of the saw. On the other hand, the elastic layer is subjected to an increased wear. In addition, chips, in particular of heated metals, can remain on this layer which can lead to scratches of a sensitive outer surface of a subsequently treated workpiece surfaces. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is a reciprocating saw having a guide member in which the foregoing drawbacks are prevented and the vibrations of which are reduced.
|
['B27B1909' 'B25F500']
|
background
|
12,502,201
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a blackjack table with five betting spots, each of which have a detector associated therewith for detecting the monetary value of a player's bet. FIG. 1′ is a perspective view of one embodiment of a betting chip used on gaming tables. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the blackjack table of FIG. 1 wherein the total monetary value placed on each of the five betting spots is disclosed on adjacent LCD screens. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the blackjack table of FIG. 1 wherein each of the five betting spots is associated with a scanner for determining the total monetary value of a player's bet. FIG. 4 is a perspective view one embodiment of a computer which can be used to display the details of the total monetary value of players' bets for respective gaming tables. FIG. 5 is a screen shot view of one embodiment of the data that can be displayed on the computer of FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is perspective view of a roulette table with a detector located underneath. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the detector of the roulette table of FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the detector of the roulette table of FIG. 6. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a craps table that may be configured in accordance with embodiments disclosed in this invention. FIG. 10 is a flow chart depicting one possible way in which the disclosed invention would be used. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a hand held computer. FIG. 12 is a computer screen view of one embodiment of various program sequences that can be initiated for the blackjack table of FIG. 1. FIG. 13 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a double down program sequence initiated for betting spot 13 of the blackjack table of FIG. 1. FIG. 14 is a computer screen view of the locked wagers made on the blackjack table of FIG. 1. FIG. 15 is a computer screen view of the locked wagers made on gaming table which allows for simultaneous multi-position betting, wherein the location of the wagers is displayed on the table itself. FIG. 16 is a computer screen view of the locked wagers made on gaming table which allows for simultaneous multi-position betting, wherein the wagers are displayed in accordance with a coordinate indication system.
|
['A63F300' 'A63F924']
|
detailed_description
|
12,019,095
|
[claim] 1. A memory system, comprising: a memory hub device integrated in a memory module; a set of memory devices coupled to the memory hub device, wherein the memory hub device comprises a command queue that receives a memory access command from an external memory controller via a memory channel at a first operating frequency; and a memory hub controller integrated in the memory hub device, wherein the memory hub controller reads the memory access command for the set of memory devices from the command queue at a second operating frequency, wherein receiving the memory access command at the first operating frequency and reading the memory access command at the second operating frequency implements a asynchronous boundary within the memory hub device of the memory module, wherein, using the asynchronous boundary, the memory channel operates at a maximum designed operating bandwidth and wherein the maximum designed operating bandwidth is independent of the second operating frequency. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the first operating frequency is a frequency other than a multiple of the second operating frequency. 3. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory hub device further comprises a write data queue that receives memory write data from the external memory controller via the memory channel at the first operating frequency, wherein the memory hub controller reads the memory write data from the write data queue at the second operating frequency, and wherein receiving the write data at the first operating frequency and reading the write data at the second operating frequency implements the asynchronous boundary within the memory hub device of the memory module. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory hub device further comprises a read data queue that transmits memory read data from the external memory controller via the memory channel at the first operating frequency, wherein the memory hub controller writes the read data to the read data queue at the second operating frequency, and wherein transmitting the read data at the first operating frequency and writing the read data at the second operating frequency implements the asynchronous boundary within the memory hub device of the memory module. 5. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory hub device further comprises: a memory device data interface, coupled to a read data queue, a write data queue, and the set of memory devices, that provides a communication path between the set of memory devices and the read data queue or the write data queue. 6. The memory system of claim 5, wherein the memory hub controller controls the transfer of data between the write data queue and the set of memory devices and the transfer of data between the set of memory devices and the read data queue. 7. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory hub device further comprises: a link interface, coupled to a memory device data interface, that provides a communication path between the memory module and the external memory controller, and wherein the memory hub controller controls the transfer of data between the memory device data interface and the link interface. 8. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory hub device further comprises: a link interface, coupled to the memory hub controller, that provides a communication path between the memory module and the external memory controller, and wherein the memory hub controller controls the transfer of the memory access command from the link interface to the set of memory devices. 9. The memory system of claim 8, wherein the memory hub controller further comprises: a memory device sequencer that determines a proper clock cycle to issue the memory access command to the set of memory devices. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the proper clock cycle is determined based on at least one of the specification of the set of memory devices or previous memory access commands sent to the set of memory devices. 11. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory module is one of a dual in-line memory module (DIMM) or a single in-line memory module (SIMM). 12. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the memory module is part of a data processing device. 13. A data processing system, comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory comprises one or more memory modules, each memory module comprising: a memory hub device integrated in the memory module; a set of memory devices coupled to the memory hub device, wherein the memory hub device comprises a command queue that receives a memory access command from an external memory controller via a memory channel at a first operating frequency; and a memory hub controller integrated in the memory hub device, wherein the memory hub controller reads the memory access command for the set of memory devices from the command queue at a second operating frequency, wherein receiving the memory access command at the first operating frequency and reading the memory access command at the second operating frequency implements an asynchronous boundary within the memory hub device of the memory module, wherein, using the asynchronous boundary, the memory channel operates at a maximum designed operating bandwidth and wherein the maximum designed operating bandwidth is independent of the second operating frequency. 14. The data processing system of claim 13, wherein the first operating frequency is a frequency other than a multiple of the second operating frequency. 15. The data processing system of claim 13, wherein the memory hub device further comprises a write data queue that receives memory write data from the external memory controller via the memory channel at the first operating frequency, wherein the memory hub controller reads the memory write data from the write data queue at the second operating frequency, and wherein receiving the write data at the first operating frequency and reading the write data at the second operating frequency implements the fully asynchronous boundary within the memory hub device. 16. The data processing system of claim 13, wherein
|
['G06F1200']
|
claim
|
12,144,141
|
[summary] The present disclosure relates to blade fuses and in particular blade fuses for use in automobile applications. Automobile manufacturers seek fuses having higher and higher ratings in smaller and smaller packages. The fuses discussed herein attempt to address those needs. In one embodiment, a blade fuse includes a pair terminals and a fuse element. The terminals at their inner edges are narrowed at certain portions to allow a particular fuse element to maintain its desired width, while allowing the overall width of the combined terminals and element to be narrower than they would otherwise would be. This allows an overall narrower fuse to be provided, which saves space. In one embodiment, a gap is provided between the inner edges of the terminals that is at least fifty percent of the overall width of the terminals at the lower edge of fuse mounting portions of the terminals. The gap can be achieved for example by notching out at least thirty-five percent of the inner edges of the terminals. The remaining portions of the terminals at the notches are wide enough to accept or define stake holes that allow the housing to be staked to the terminal portion of the fuse. The notched portions of the terminals can extend through the top edges of the terminals or can be notched only at the portions needed to attach to the fuse element. The notched portions can be aligned with one another or be offset as required by the terminal. The notched edges can alternatively be symmetrical or not symmetrical about a centerline through the fuse. Further, the outer edges of the terminals can be straight or have one or more jog as desired. The elements as discussed herein can have various shapes that fit within the widened gap created by the notches. The shapes can be U-shaped, S-shaped, V-shaped, serpentine or otherwise be curved. The elements can also be straight, e.g., diagonally disposed relative to the terminals. The mounting portions or lower portions of the terminals can be straight. The widths of the lower terminal portions with respect to a gap between the lower portions in one embodiment are structured such that the widths are larger than the gap. This is achieved or aided by the addition of protrusions that extend inwardly from the inside edge of the terminals. Such structure prevents the terminals from extending upwardly into a housing of a second fuse, e.g., during shipping, which could damage the second fuse protected by the housing. Such configuration enables the fuse housing to not have a bottom tab that folds up between the terminals, protecting the inside of the housing. In another primary embodiment, the fuse includes three terminals, wherein the center terminal is a common or buss terminal. The outer terminals are each connected to the inner buss terminal via a separate fuse element. Thus the overall fuse provides two fuses. The inner edges of the three terminals are again notched to allow the element to be as wide sized as desired, while providing an overall narrower fuse than would otherwise be provided if such notches are not provided. The lower or mounting portions of the terminals of the three terminal fuse also have a width that is greater than gaps formed between the terminals, such that again the terminals of one fuse can not extend between the terminals of another fuse and into the housing of the other fuse covering the two fuse elements. Such structure again allows the housing to not have in this case two lower tabs that would bend up between the three terminals to protect the underside or the housing. Another embodiment is a blade fuse. The blade fuse includes a first outer terminal, a middle terminal, and a second outer terminal. The blade fuse also includes a first fuse element located between the first outer terminal and the middle terminal, a second fuse element located between the second outer terminal and the middle terminal, and a housing covering at least the first and second elements. The fuse elements of the three terminal fuse can have like or different shapes and ratings. The elements can have any of the shapes discussed herein for the two terminal fuse. Further, the elements can be structured such that the notches defined at the upper portions of the inner edges of the terminals can be aligned, misaligned, continuous, discontinuous, extended through an upper edge or surface of the terminal or not. It is accordingly an advantage of the present disclosure to provide an improved blade fuse. It is another advantage of the present disclosure to provide a narrowed blade fuse. It is a further advantage of the present disclosure to provide a multi-element, triple terminal fuse, which provides an overall narrower profile than two like separate fuses. Moreover, it is an advantage of the present disclosure to structure the lower portions of the fuse terminals such that the lower portions cannot be inserted between like lower portions of another fuse during shipping, in which case the fuses can become wedged together undesirably. Still further, it is an advantage of the present disclosure to provide a blade fuse having a housing, which does not require a lower flap bent up between the terminals of the fuse. Additional features and advantages are described herein, and will be apparent from, the following Detailed Description and the figures.
|
['H01H8502']
|
summary
|
11,448,855
|
[description] FIG. 1 shows an engine 2 with an engine housing 4. The engine housing 4 has a first housing part 6 and a second housing part 8 extending parallel to the first housing part 6. The housing parts 6 and 8 abut each other and define, between each other, a parting plane 10. The housing parts 6 and 8 are part of a first pair 12 of housing parts. Further housing parts 14 and 16 are provided, which are part of a second pair 18 of housing parts. A parting plane 19 is defined between the housing parts 14 and 16. Two backing plates 20 and 22 border the housing parts 6, 8, 14 and 16. Bearings 24 are provided in these backing plates for a first crankshaft 26 and a second crankshaft 28 of the engine 2. A pin connection 30 is provided to align the housing parts 6 and 8 with each other. A corresponding pin connection is provided for the housing parts 14 and 16. A connection 32 is provided to fix the housing parts 6 and 8 to one another and may comprise a screw engaging in a corresponding thread. A pin connection 34 is provided to align the housing part 6 with the backing plate 20. Connections 36, which may comprise screws engaging in corresponding threads, may be provided to connect all housing parts and the backing plates 20 and 22 to each other. In FIG. 1 shows two fuel injectors 40, which are assigned to combustion chambers located within the engine housing 4 (described further below with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3). Inlet ports 42 and outlet ports 44 are provided at both sides of the fuel injectors 40. With respect to FIG. 2, the housing part 6 and the housing part 8 (which is shown in FIG. 1) define a first combustion chamber 46. The housing parts 6 and 8 define a further combustion chamber 48, which is arranged opposite the combustion chamber 46. The first combustion chamber 46 is delimited by a first piston 50 at one end of the combustion chamber and by a second piston 52 at the opposite end. The piston 50 is connected to a first piston connecting rod 54, while the piston 52 is connected with a second piston connecting rod 56. The first piston connecting rod 54 is connected to a third piston 58 delimiting the second combustion chamber 48. The combustion chamber 48 is also delimited by a fourth piston 60, which is connected to the second piston connecting rod 56. All pistons 48, 50, 58 and 60 have semi-circular indentations 62, which face the corresponding combustion chambers 46 and 48. In FIG. 2 pistons 50 and 52 are shown in their lower dead center positions. Accordingly, the pistons 58 and 60 are shown in their upper dead center positions. When igniting fuel contained in the combustion chamber 48, the two pistons 58 and 60 are driven apart and guided along a curved path that is defined by the shape of the combustion chambers 48 and 46. The pistons 58 and 60 drive the piston connecting rods 54 and 56, so that the pistons 50 and 52 move from their lower dead center positions into their upper dead center positions. An ignition in the combustion chamber 46 will force the pistons 50 and 52 away from each other, thereby driving pistons 58 and 60 towards each other and so on. The movement of the pistons is transferred to the piston connecting rods 54 and 56, which pivot around a central pivot axis 64. The piston connecting rods 54 and 56 comprise arms extending radially outward and are linked to connecting rods 70 and 72, respectively, which in turn are linked to the first crankshaft 26 and the second crankshaft 28, respectively. With respect to FIG. 3, the housing parts 6 and 8 define the two combustion chambers 46 and 48. The housing parts 14 and 16, which are also shown in FIG. 1, define a third combustion chamber 74 and a fourth combustion chamber 76. These combustion chambers are delimited by a fifth piston 78 and a sixth piston 80, respectively and by two further pistons arranged opposite the pistons 78 and 80, which are not shown in the drawing. The housing parts 6, 8, 14 and 16 thereby create a four-cylinder engine 2. In FIG. 3 the pivot axis 64, which is also shown in FIG. 2, is shown in cross-section. This pivot axis is connected to the backing plates 20 and 22 by means of screws 82. The piston connecting rods 54 and 56 can pivot around the pivot axis 64 as described above with respect to FIG. 2. In FIG. 3 parts of two further piston connecting rods, i.e. a third piston connecting rod 84 and a fourth piston connecting rod 86, are shown. The third piston connecting rod 84 is connected to the fifth piston 78 and the sixth piston 80. The fourth piston connecting rod 86 is connected to two pistons, which also delimit the combustion chambers 74 and 76 (not shown in FIG. 3). All piston connecting rods 54, 56, 84 and 86 pivot around the pivot axis 64 by means of bearings 88. The piston connecting rods 54 and 86 are held in their position by means of an intermediate, ring-shaped spacer 90. In FIG. 4 the piston connecting rod 54 is shown in greater detail. It comprises a ring-shaped end portion 92, which encompasses the bearing 88, as shown in FIG. 3. At the opposite end, the piston connecting rod 54 comprises a ring-shaped end portion 94, in which area the piston connecting rod 54 is connected to the connecting rod 70.
|
['F02B5300']
|
detailed_description
|
11,989,047
|
[description] The present invention provides an animal that can be used as an animal model for HCV replication and/or the production of viral or virus-like particles. The model uses animals having cells containing an HCV replicon comprising a reporter gene. The cells are transfected with an HCV replicon that supports the expression of viral and non-viral proteins including a reporter gene such as, e.g., a luciferase gene, linked to the replication and or expression of the replicon. After introducing cells containing the HCV replicon into the animal, the reporter gene allows HCV replicon replication expression or viral particle production to be measured in vivo or in vitro. According to various embodiments, human-derived cells that are adapted for growth and/or replicon-stability in the host may be used. The animal model may be used as an assay to evaluate potential activity of HCV anti-viral compounds in vivo or in vitro. Some advantages of the model are the following: it does not require transgenic animals; it may be used with readily-available animals (such as
|
['A01K67027' 'A61K3821' 'C12N510']
|
detailed_description
|
11,483,303
|
Mounting substrate and microphone mounted thereon [SEP] [abstract] To provide a mounting substrate that requires a reduced amount of solder and reduces a thermal effect of solder on the interior of an electronic component, and a microphone to be mounted on the substrate. A mounting substrate according to the present invention includes: a solder part formed on a part of an electrode formed on the mounting substrate; a resist film formed to prevent the solder of the solder part from flowing out of a predetermined range; and a gas-escape groove that is constituted by the absence of the electrode and the resist film and allows gas produced during soldering to escape. In the case where a component having a central terminal and a peripheral terminal is mounted on the mounting substrate, each part of the mounting substrate has the characteristics described below. That is, the electrode formed on the mounting substrate includes a central electrode part that faces the central terminal, a plurality of outer electrode parts that face part of the peripheral terminal, and a linkage electrode part that interconnects the outer electrode parts. The solder part is formed on each of the central electrode part and the outer electrode parts. The gas-escape groove is configured to allow the gas inside the peripheral terminal to escape to the outside.
|
['H01R402']
|
abstract
|
10,592,065
|
[invention] There are several situations necessitating the dilation of a body passage way, such as a cervix. For example, it is known to insert into the cervix a series of insertion devices of increasing caliber to achieve a gradual dilation of the cervix. It is also known to insert an absorbent material into the cervix. The material is allowed to absorb a body liquid or other liquid so as to expand, thus dilating the cervix. It is also known to achieve dilation of the cervix by inserting an uninflated balloon into the cervix and inflating the balloon. Such devices are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,664,114 to Ghodsian, U.S. Pat. No. 3,900,033 to Leininger et al, U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,337, to Kronser, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,490,421 to Levy.
|
['A61M2902']
|
background
|
12,071,364
|
[claim] 1. A method for data error detection in a computer system, comprising: (a) detecting a macro that identifies a data set; (b) generating a run-time signature based on the data set; (c) comparing the run-time signature with a pre-computed signature associated with the data set; and (d) using the data set when the run-time signature matches the pre-computed signature. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the run-time signature does not match the pre-computed signature, the method further comprising one or more of: (e) discarding the data set; (f) re-loading the data set to memory; (g) reporting an error condition; and (h) correcting errors in the data set. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the macro is embedded within the data set. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set comprises one or more of code and data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set comprises a protected function, wherein steps (b) and (c) are triggered when the protected function is called. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set comprises one or more data elements each having a respective size and a respective data type. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set comprises at least one of the pre-computed signature and a memory pointer to the pre-computed signature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set comprises at least one of a signature generation function and a memory pointer to the signature generation function, wherein the signature generation function is used to generate the run-time signature. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set is stored in a memory device of the computer system. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set is received within a data stream, received by the computer system over a communication channel. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the data set comprises at least one of sequential and non-sequential data blocks. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: (e) applying a signature generation function to the data set, wherein the signature generation function is associated with the data set. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein step (e) comprises applying one or more of a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) function, a Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC) function, and a Message-Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5) function to the data set. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-computed signature is stored in a read-only memory of the computer system. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-computed signature is stored in a signature database. 16. A computer program product comprising a computer useable medium having computer program logic recorded thereon for enabling a processor to detect data errors in a data set, the computer program logic comprising: means for enabling a processor to detect a macro that identifies a data set; means for enabling a processor to generate a run-time signature based on the data set; and means for enabling a processor to compare the run-time signature with a pre-computed signature associated with the data set; wherein the data set is data error-free when the run-time signature matches the pre-computed signature. 17. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the macro is embedded within the data set. 18. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the data set comprises one or more of code and data. 19. The computer program product of claim 16, wherein the data set comprises at least one of a signature generation function and a memory pointer to the signature generation function, wherein the signature generation function is used to generate the run-time signature. 20. The computer program product of claim 16, further comprising: means for enabling a processor to apply a signature generation function to the data set, wherein the signature generation function is associated with the data set. 21. The computer program product of claim 20, wherein said means for for enabling a processor to apply a signature generation function comprises means for for enabling a processor to apply one or more of a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) function, a Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC) function, and a Message-Digest Algorithm 5 (MD5) function to the data set.
|
['G06F1108']
|
claim
|
11,433,094
|
[invention] 1. Field of Invention The present invention relates to a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) (e.g. defined in the IEEE 802.11 Protocol Specification). Specifically, the present invention refers to the standardization of solutions for interworking between WLAN and other networks (namely the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP2 and IEEE 802.16 (related to Broadband Wireless Access)). The present invention refers also to the Media Independent Handoff (MIH) solutions being defined in the IEEE 802.21 Protocol Specification. 2. Problem in the Art FIG. 1 shows, by way of example, typical parts of an IEEE 802.11 WLAN system, which is known in the art and provides for communications between communications equipment such as mobile and secondary devices including personal digital assistants (PDAs), laptops and printers, etc. The WLAN system may be connected to a wire LAN system that allows wireless devices to access information and files on a file server or other suitable device or connecting to the Internet. The devices can communicate directly with each other in the absence of a base station in a so-called “ad-hoc” network, or they can communicate through a base station, called an access point (AP) in IEEE 802.11 terminology, with distributed services through the AP using local distributed services set (DSS) or wide area extended services (ESS), as shown. In a WLAN system, end user access devices are known as stations (Non-AP STAs), which are transceivers (transmitters/receivers) that convert radio signals into digital signals that can be routed to and from communications device and connect the communications equipment to access points (APs) that receive and distribute data packets to other devices and/or networks. The STAs may take various forms ranging from wireless network interface card (NIC) adapters coupled to devices to integrated radio modules that are part of the devices, as well as an external adapter (USB), a PCMCIA card or a USB Dongle (self contained), which are all known in the art. FIGS. 2 a and 2 b show diagrams of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) packet network architecture, which is also known in the art. In FIG. 2 a , the UMTS packet network architecture includes the major architectural elements of user equipment (UE), UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), and core network (CN). The UE is interfaced to the UTRAN over a radio (Uu) interface, while the UTRAN interfaces to the core network (CN) over a (wired) Iu interface. FIG. 2 b shows some further details of the architecture, particularly the UTRAN, which includes multiple Radio Network Subsystems (RNSs), each of which contains at least one Radio Network Controller (RNC). In operation, each RNC may be connected to multiple Node Bs which are the UMTS counterparts to GSM base stations. Each Node B may be in radio contact with multiple UEs via the radio interface (Uu) shown in FIG. 2 a . A given UE may be in radio contact with multiple Node Bs even if one or more of the Node Bs are connected to different RNCs. For instance, a UE1 in FIG. 2 a may be in radio contact with Node B 2 of RNS1 and Node B 3 of RNS2 where Node B 2 and Node B 3 are neighboring Node Bs. The RNCs of different RNSs may be connected by an Iur interface which allows mobile UEs to stay in contact with both RNCs while traversing from a cell belonging to a Node B of one RNC to a cell belonging to a Node B of another RNC. One of the RNCs will typically act as the “serving” or “controlling” RNC (SRNC or CRNC), while the other RNC will act as a “drift” RNC (DRNC). The mobile UEs are able to traverse the neighboring cells without having to re-establish a connection with a new Node B because either the Node Bs are connected to a same RNC or, if they are connected to different RNCs, the RNCs are connected to each other. During such movements of the mobile UE, it is sometimes required that radio links be added and abandoned in a handover situation so that the UE can always maintain at least one radio link to the UTRAN. The interworking of the WLAN (IEEE 802.11) shown in FIG. 1 with other technologies (e.g. 3GPP, 3GPP2 or 802.16) such as that shown in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b is being defined at present in protocol specifications for 3GPP and 3GPP2. In IEEE protocol specification, such activities are carried out in IEEE 802.11 TGu and in IEEE 802.21 (the latter specification focusing specifically on the handoff of a device). The interworking of these two types of networks or technologies can be split in two different scenarios: Roaming: In such case, the STA connects to a new WLAN network, such as that shown in FIG. 1 ; and Handoff: In such case, the same issues apply, but are more pressing since mobility must take place with minimal delay, including in a 3GPP/3GPP2 interworking scenario. The interworking implies several aspects, but one of the major issues identified is network selection. Specifically, due to the current standards, the STA known in the art can discover very little about a WLAN network before authenticating and associating, where authentication is understood to be the process of determining the identity of a user accessing a system, and where association is understood to be the process of registering with a system or network to allow information to be transmitted and received with a device or system. In operation, a beacon signal is periodically transmitted (broadcast) from devices to identify their device and/or network to allow devices to determine which radio coverage area and device they are communicating with. However, the beacon signal and/or the content of Probe Response messages provide limited information, e.g.: Both during roaming and handoff, the STA cannot discover whether the required connectivity is supported, e.g. IPv4 versus IPv6, connectivity to the Internet, type of protocols supported (e.g.), etc. (see document [1] below); Both during roaming and handoff, identifying whether a
|
['H04Q724' 'H04L1256']
|
background
|
12,331,047
|
[summary] The difficulties and drawbacks associated with previous-type systems are overcome in the present method and apparatus for a support member particularly adapted for supporting a vehicle panel. In one aspect, the present invention provides a support member adapted for supporting a vehicle fascia. The support member comprises a longitudinal member having a first end, a second end opposite from the first end, and a body extending between the first and second ends. The body defines a front face, an oppositely directed rear face, and a top face extending between the front and rear faces. The support member also comprises a bracket projecting from the longitudinal member and disposed proximate the first end of the longitudinal member. The bracket is adapted for mounting to a vehicle structural component. The support member additionally comprises a first fastener affixed to the body of the longitudinal member. The first fastener is adapted to engage a vehicle fascia and provide support for the fascia against displacement out of a first plane. And, the member also comprises a second fastener affixed to the longitudinal member proximate the second end of the longitudinal member. The second fastener is adapted to engage the vehicle fascia and provide support for the fascia against displacement out of a second plane different than the first plane. The support member further comprises a third fastener affixed to the longitudinal member proximate the second end of the longitudinal member. The third fastener is adapted to engage the vehicle fascia and provide support for the fascia against displacement out of a third plane different than the first plane and the second plane. In another aspect, the present invention provides a support member adapted to support a vehicle panel having a plurality of engagement members disposed along an inner face of the panel. The support member comprises a longitudinal member including (i) a first end for mounting to a vehicle support, (ii) a second end opposite the first end, and (iii) a body extending between the first end and the second end, in which the body defines a top face. The support member also comprises at least one fastener disposed on the top face of the body and adapted to engage an engagement member disposed on an inner face of the vehicle panel. The at least one fastener on the top face of the body provides support for the panel from being displaced out of a first plane generally parallel with a longitudinal axis of the body. And, the support member comprises at least one fastener disposed on the second end of the longitudinal member and adapted to engage an engagement member disposed on the inner face of the vehicle panel. The at least one fastener on the second end of the longitudinal member provides support for the panel from being displaced out of a second plane generally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the body. The support member further comprises at least one fastener disposed on the second end of the longitudinal member and adapted to engage an engagement member disposed on the inner face of the vehicle panel. The at least one fastener on the second end of the longitudinal member provides support for the panel from being displaced out of a third plane generally parallel with the longitudinal axis of the body. As will be realized, the invention is capable of other and different embodiments and its several details are capable of modifications in various respects, all without departing from the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative and not restrictive.
|
['B60R1924' 'B62D2508']
|
summary
|
11,759,895
|
[claim] 1. A method for communicating between a client and a server, comprising: opening a transmission control protocol (TCP) connection between a client and a server; transmitting a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) client request from the client to the server over the open TCP connection; determining whether client data is pending at the server upon receipt of the HTTP client request at the server; upon determining that client data is pending at the server, transmitting a server response including the client data from the server to the client over the open TCP connection, and promptly upon receiving the server response at the client, transmitting a new HTTP client request from the client to the server; and upon determining that client data is not pending at the server, operating the server to wait for client data to become available before sending a server response to the client so as to maintain the open TCP connection. 2. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 1, wherein the TCP connection is a transient TCP connection. 3. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 1, wherein each of the HTTP client request and the new HTTP client request is defined to direct the server to send any pending client data to the client. 4. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 1, wherein the method ensures that an open TCP connection is maintained between the client and the server to enable the server to push data to the client using HTTP over TCP. 5. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 1, further comprising: operating the server to tag each server response transmitted to the client with a server response sequence number; operating the client to include with each new HTTP client request the server response sequence number tagged to the server response most recently received by the client; and upon receiving the new HTTP client request at the server, operating the server to verify that the server response sequence number included with the new HTTP client request matches the server response sequence number tagged to the most recently transmitted server response. 6. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 5, further comprising: if the server response sequence number included with the new HTTP client request does not match the server response sequence number tagged to the most recently transmitted server response, operating the server to retransmit the most recently transmitted server response to the client. 7. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 1, further comprising: upon receiving the server response at the client, maintaining the open TCP connection and using the open TCP connection to transmit the new HTTP client request from the client to the server. 8. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 1, further comprising: upon receiving the server response at the client, closing the open TCP connection, opening a new TCP connection between the client and the server, and using the newly opened TCP connection to transmit the new HTTP client request from the client to the server. 9. A method for communicating between a client and a server as recited in claim 1, further comprising: detecting either a timeout condition or a network error condition for the open TCP connection; and upon detecting either the timeout condition or the network error condition, operating the client to retransmit the most recently transmitted HTTP client request to the server. 10. A system for controlling communication between a client and a server, comprising: a client communication module; and a server communication module, wherein the client communication module is defined to open a transmission control protocol (TCP) connection with the server communication module, and transmit a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) client request to the server communication module over the open TCP connection, and wherein the server communication module is defined to wait for client data to become available at the server communication module before sending a server response to the client communication module so as to maintain the open TCP connection. 11. A system for controlling communication between a client and a server as recited in claim 10, wherein the server communication module is defined to transmit a server response to the client communication module over the open TCP connection when client data is available at the server communication module. 12. A system for controlling communication between a client and a server as recited in claim 11, wherein the client communication module is defined to transmit a new HTTP client request to the server communication module promptly upon receiving the server response. 13. A system for controlling communication between a client and a server as recited in claim 12, wherein the server communication module is defined to tag each server response with a server response sequence number, and the client communication module is defined to include with each new HTTP client request the most recently received server response sequence number. 14. A system for controlling communication between a client and a server as recited in claim 13, wherein the server communication module is defined to verify that the server response sequence number included with the new HTTP client request matches the server response sequence number tagged to the most recently transmitted server response. 15. A system for controlling communication between a client and a server as recited in claim 14, wherein the server communication module is defined to retransmit the most recently transmitted server response to the client communication module upon identifying that server response sequence number included with the new HTTP client request does not match the server response sequence number tagged to the most recently transmitted server response. 16. A system for controlling communication between a client and a server as recited in claim 10, wherein the client communication module is
|
['G06F1516']
|
claim
|
12,424,728
|
U-NUT FASTENER AND COLLATED STRIP THEREOF [SEP] [abstract] A stackable U-nut fastener includes first and second spaced arms and a folded edge portion interconnecting the arms. A plurality of U-nut fasteners can be engaged one with another to form a collated strip of fasteners. A collating tab from one arm of one U-nut fasteners engages an opening in an arm of an adjacent U-nut fastener.
|
['F16B3704']
|
abstract
|
12,256,428
|
PVD CU SEED OVERHANG RE-SPUTTERING WITH ENHANCED CU IONIZATION [SEP] [abstract] A method and apparatus for depositing metal on a patterned substrate are provided. A metal layer is formed in a physical vapor deposition process having a first energy. A second physical vapor deposition process is performed on the metal layer, using a second energy, wherein deposition interacts with brittle and plastic surface modification processes to form a substantially conformal metal layer on the substrate.
|
['C23C1434']
|
abstract
|
11,870,774
|
[claim] 1. A spool for retaining wire, comprising: a barrel having an outer face for receiving associated wire; and, at least a first flange extending from the barrel, wherein the at least a first flange includes a curved channel for circuitously routing an end of the associated wire. 2. The spool as defined in claim 1, wherein the curved channel is concave with respect to a plane perpendicular to the outer face of the barrel. 3. The spool as defined in claim 1, wherein the at least a first flange includes an inner flange face; and further comprising: a first and at least a second hole fashioned in the inner flange face, wherein the first and at least a second hole define ends of the curved channel. 4. The spool as defined in claim 3, wherein a centerline axis of the first hole forms an acute angle with the surface of the inner flange face. 5. The spool as defined in claim 4, wherein the acute angle is substantially in the range between 5° and 85°. 6. The spool as defined in claim 4, wherein the acute angle is substantially 25°. 7. The spool as defined in claim 3, wherein the at least a first flange has a thickness T, and, wherein the diameter of the first and the at least a second hole are smaller than the thickness T of the at least a first flange. 8. The spool as defined in claim 3, wherein the curved channel is fashioned in an outer flange face of the at least a first flange, and, wherein when the wire is routed through the curved channel, the wire does not extend beyond the outer flange face. 9. The spool as defined in claim 1, wherein the associated wire is welding wire. 10. A welding wire retaining device, comprising: a barrel for receiving welding wire; at least a first flange extending from the barrel, the at least a first flange having an outer flange face; and, a label base fashioned in the outer flange face for receiving an associated label. 11. The welding wire retaining device as defined in claim 10, wherein the label base comprises a ledge configured to match the circumference of the associated label. 12. The welding wire retaining device as defined in claim 11, wherein the label base is raised with respect to at least a first portion of the outer flange face. 13. The welding wire retaining device as defined in claim 11, wherein the label base is recessed with respect to at least a first portion of the outer flange face. 14. The welding wire retaining device as defined in claim 11, wherein the label base comprises a continuously formed surface having a circumference that substantially matches the circumference of the associated label. 15. The welding wire retaining device as defined in claim 14, wherein the outer flange face is bound by an outer flange rim portion and an inner flange rim portion; and, wherein the label base is disposed substantially within a region defined by the outer flange rim portion and the inner flange rim portion. 16. The welding wire retaining device as defined in claim 10, further comprising: multiple label bases fashioned in the outer flange face for receiving multiple associated labels respectively. 17. A spool for retaining welding wire, comprising: a barrel; and, at least a first flange extending from the barrel, wherein the at least a first flange comprises a first raised portion and a second recessed portion; and, a beveled transition region extended between the first raised portion and the second recessed portion. 18. A welding wire spool, comprising: a barrel for receiving associated welding wire; at least a first flange extending from the barrel; at least a first cavity fashioned in the at least a first flange for use with an associated sensor in determining the position of the welding wire spool; and, a rim extending from the at least a first flange and encircling the at least a first cavity. 19. The welding wire spool as defined in claim 18, wherein the rim has a width W that is substantially uniform around the entire circumference of the rim. 20. The welding wire spool as defined in claim 18, wherein the rim has a width W that is in the range of 0.1 inches to 0.25 inches.
|
['B65H4900']
|
claim
|
12,329,786
|
[summary] The invention provides a method and system of radio frequency (RF) power transmission in a wireless network including multiple wireless stations. One embodiment includes: generating control signals for switching a receiving wireless station between a power reception mode and a data reception mode, the control signals providing switching information including information about which of the modes to switch to, and information about timing of the switching; switching the wireless station between power reception and data reception modes based on the control signal; wherein in the data reception mode, the receiving wireless station processes an RF transmission from a sending wireless station as a data communication, and in the power reception mode the receiving wireless station processes the RF transmission as energy radiation for powering the receiving wireless station. Two types of control signals may be used for power mode switching. The first type is generated at the media access control layer (MAC) layer of a receiving station and sent to the physical (PHY) layer of that station for power mode switching. The second type is Request To Send/Clear To Send (RTS/CTS) and it is exchanged between the sending station and receiving stations, at the MAC layer. This type of signal also needs to be sent to the PHY layer to control the switching between data reception mode and power reception mode. These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become understood with reference to the following description, appended claims and accompanying figures.
|
['G08C1700']
|
summary
|
11,479,885
|
[description] Turning now to FIG. 1, a generalized block diagram of a communication apparatus 100 is shown. Communication apparatus 100 includes an RF front-end circuit 110 coupled to a digital processing circuit 120. As shown, various user interfaces including a display 122, a keypad 124, a microphone 126, and a speaker 128 may be coupled to digital processing circuit 120, depending upon the specific application of communication apparatus 100 and its desired functionality. An antenna 130 is also shown coupled to RF front-end circuit 110. It is noted that in various embodiments, communication apparatus 100 may include additional components and/or couplings not shown in FIG. 1 and/or exclude one or more of the illustrated components, depending on the desired functionality. It is further noted that components that include a reference number and letter may be referred to by the reference number alone where appropriate, for simplicity. Communication apparatus 100 is illustrative of various wireless devices including, for example, mobile and cellular phone handsets, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication networks (e.g., wireless communications for vending machines), so-called “911 phones” (a mobile handset configured for calling the 911 emergency response service), as well as devices employed in emerging applications such as 3G, satellite communications, and the like. As such, communication apparatus 100 may provide RF reception functionality, RF transmission functionality, or both (i.e., RF transceiver functionality). Communication apparatus 100 may be configured to implement one or more specific communication protocols or standards, as desired. For example, in various embodiments communication apparatus 100 may implement a time-division multiple access (TDMA) standard such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) standard, the Personal Communications Service (PCS) standard, and the Digital Cellular System (DCS) standard. In addition, many data transfer standards that work cooperatively with the GSM technology platform may also be supported. For example, communication apparatus 100 may also implement the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) standard, the Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (EDGE) standard, which may include Enhanced General Packet Radio Service standard (E-GPRS) and Enhanced Circuit Switched Data (ESCD), and the high speed circuit switched data (HSCSD) standard, among others. RF front-end circuit 110 may accordingly include circuitry to provide RF reception capability and/or RF transmission capability. In one embodiment, front-end circuit 110 may down-convert a received RF signal to baseband and/or up-convert a baseband signal for RF transmission. RF front-end circuit 110 may employ any of a variety of architectures and circuit configurations, such as, for example, low-IF receiver circuitry, direct-conversion receiver circuitry, direct up-conversion transmitter circuitry, and/or offset-phase locked loop (OPLL) transmitter circuitry, as desired. RF front-end circuit 110 may additionally employ a low noise amplifier (LNA) for amplifying an RF signal received at antenna 130 and/or a power amplifier for amplifying a signal to be transmitted from antenna 130. In alternative embodiments, the power amplifier may be provided external to RF front-end circuit 110. Digital processing circuit 120 may provide a variety of signal processing functions, as desired, including baseband functionality. For example, digital processing circuit 120 may be configured to perform filtering, decimation, modulation, demodulation, coding, decoding, correlation and/or signal scaling. In addition, digital processing circuit 120 may perform other digital processing functions, such as implementation of the communication protocol stack, control of audio testing, and/or control of user I/O operations and applications. To perform such functionality, digital processing circuit 120 may include various specific circuitry, such as a software programmable MCU and/or DSP (not shown in FIG. 1), as well as a variety of specific peripheral circuits such as memory controllers, direct memory access (DMA) controllers, hardware accelerators, voice coder-decoders (CODECs), digital audio interfaces (DAI), UARTs (universal asynchronous receiver transmitters), and user interface circuitry. The choice of digital processing hardware (and firmware/software, if included) depends on the design and performance specifications for a given desired implementation, and may vary from embodiment to embodiment. As shown, digital processing circuit 120 includes a scheduler 150. Scheduler 150 may be provided to schedule signal-processing tasks such as channel equalization and channel decode, for example. Digital processing circuit 120 also includes buffer 160, which may be used to store data while digital processing circuit 120 performs the signal processing tasks on received signals. Further details regarding implementations of scheduler 150 and buffer 160 will be provided below. In one embodiment, RF front-end circuit 110 and digital processing circuit 120 may be integrated on the same integrated circuit die 140. To reduce interference that may be caused by the digital processing circuitry and thus accommodate high performance functionality, communication apparatus 100 may implement a technique referred to as time domain isolation, or TDI. FIG. 2 illustrates a set of events that occur in communication apparatus 100 according to time domain isolation. Broadly speaking, two alternative events take place in such a system: RF reception or transmission, and signal processing. The system arranges in time the RF reception or transmission activities and the signal processing activities to avoid or reduce interference between the RF front-end circuit 110 and the digital processing circuit 120. As described below, buffer 160 may be configured to store data processed by one signal processing task (e.g., equalization) that is awaiting processing by another signal processing task (e.g., channel decode), particularly during intervening periods of RF reception or transmission activity. As shown in FIG. 2, communication apparatus 100 employs a plurality of timeslots 210A-210F, and so on. During RF timeslots 210A, 210C and 210E, RF front-end circuit 110 may receive RF signals, process the received signals, and store the results. Subsequently, during signal processing timeslots 210B, 210D and 210F, respectively, digital processing circuit 120 may perform signal-processing tasks (e.g., equalization, slot allocation decode, channel decode) on the stored results. Alternatively, during RF timeslots 210A, 210C, and 210E, RF front-end circuit 110 may transmit RF signals. Thus, in this mode of operation, during signal processing timeslots 210B and 210D, digital processing circuit 120 performs signal processing tasks such as encode and burst formatting, for example on input data (e.g., voice, data), and stores the results. Subsequently, during RF timeslots 210C and 210E,
|
['H04L2700']
|
detailed_description
|
11,561,132
|
[description] Beam including aberrations, where BPF=0.60; FIG. 17: Plot of spectral characteristics of representative polarization beam combiner; FIG. 18: Example chart showing AWG module outputs as a function of relative frequency and polarization. After polarization MUX, the 32 AWG outputs are reduced to 16 beams; FIG. 19a: Example zigzag multiplexing scheme (beam expanding lenses and polarization multiplexers are not shown). Each Level 1 multiplexer employs 3 filters; FIG. 19b: Example of level 2 multiplexer showing outlines of four Level 1 multiplexers. The Level 2 multiplexer employs 3 filters; FIG. 20: Spectral plot of level 1 multiplexing scheme. Filter 1 reflects AWG band 1 (centered at 100 GHz relative frequency), while transmitting AWG band 2 (centered at 200 GHz relative frequency). Filter 2 transmits AWG band 3, while reflecting bands 1 and 2, similarly filter 3 adds AWG band 4 into the beam;
|
['H01S500']
|
detailed_description
|
11,856,781
|
[description] 1 Overview The present invention provides a method and system for controlling an in-process software distribution to computing devices located in an environment in which environmental disturbances cause protective shutdowns of the computing devices. The method and system disclosed herein automatically determine a checkpoint and interrupt the software distribution at the checkpoint in response to a prediction of an environmental disturbance. The checkpoint is determined so that at least one software upgrade increment can be successfully distributed prior to the time of predicted environmental disturbance. The prediction of the environmental disturbance is based on changes in pressure exerted on the computing devices or on changes in other environmental variables associated with the computing devices. In one embodiment, the computing devices are buoy-like energy capture and generation devices (a.k.a. buoy-like devices) located in an ocean and the predicted environmental disturbance is an ocean wave having predetermined characteristics that cause a shutdown of the buoy-like devices. 2 Software Distribution System FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for controlling an in-process software distribution to computing devices via automatic checkpointing in response to a prediction of an environmental disturbance to which the computing devices are subjected, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. System 100 includes a software distribution computing device 102, which includes a monitor 104, a decision and sensitivity analysis tool 106, a software distribution interface 108, a software distribution client 110 and a data processing engine 112, which is coupled to a software distribution data repository 114 (e.g., a database). Computing device 102 also includes a systems framework component 116. 2.1 Monitor Component Monitor 104 monitors the conditions of the environment of computing device 102 by receiving environmental readings 118 of environmental variables. The environmental variables are used by decision and sensitivity analysis tool 106 to determine (1) whether a stop and restart of a software distribution and upgrade process is needed and (2) when to stop and restart the software distribution and upgrade process. The software distribution and upgrade process is also referred to herein simply as the software distribution process or the software distribution. Monitor 104 also sends environmental readings 118 to data processing engine 112, which stores the environmental readings in repository 114 as a historical reference. In one embodiment, computing device 102 is a buoy-like energy capture and generation device included in a plurality of buoy-like energy capture and generation devices placed in a wave energy generation field in an ocean environment. Monitor 104, when included in a buoy-like device, receives, for example, readings 118 for any combination of variables in the following non-exhaustive list that is provided for illustrative purposes only: 1. pressure exerted by the ocean water and the atmosphere (including gusting wind pressure) on the buoy-like device 2. temperature of the water on which the buoy-like device floats 3. temperature of the air around the buoy-like device 4. wave frequency of the ocean waves moving the buoy-like device 5. wave amplitude of the ocean waves moving the buoy-like device 6. wavelengths of the ocean waves moving the buoy-like device 7. historical climate data and historical ocean wave-related data (e.g., frequency, amplitude, and wavelength) 8. size of a specific software package being distributed to the buoy-like device 9. number of buoy-like devices that need a specific software distribution package Hereinafter, items numbered 1 through 7 in the list presented above are also referred to as environmental variables and items 8 and 9 are also referred to as characteristics of a software package. 2.2 Decision and Sensitivity Analysis Tool Decision and sensitivity analysis tool 106 processes input environmental readings 118 received from monitor 104 and characteristics of the software being updated from software distribution interface 108 against data and rules obtained from data processing engine 112 to determine if and when the software distribution process needs to stop and restart. Decision and sensitivity analysis tool 106 is a computer-based software program, which interacts with each component within systems framework 116, and uses an intelligent algorithm to determine if and when the software distribution of the upgrade can or cannot continue, based on an analysis of historical pressure data residing in software distribution data repository 114, current pressure readings included in readings 118, other environmental variables listed and discussed above relative to the monitor component 104, and characteristics of the software being upgraded. When decision and sensitivity analysis tool 106 receives input from software distribution interface 108 indicating that a software distribution process is ready to start or is already in progress, tool 106 maps current readings 118 of the environmental variables (e.g., pressure readings) from monitor 104 against the data and trend information stored in repository 114 and accessed via data processing engine 112 to determine if there is any anticipated interruption of the software distribution process in the near future (i.e., within a time period during which the software distribution process is able to complete gracefully). Such an interruption is anticipated if tool 106 predicts the occurrence of an environmental disturbance in the near future which would cause a protective shutdown of the computing device 102. In one embodiment, an environmental disturbance is a disruptive ocean wave caused by, for instance, a storm. As used herein, a disruptive ocean wave (a.k.a., disruptive wave) is an ocean wave that has an amplitude exceeding a predefined threshold and that causes a protective shutdown of a buoy-like device that includes computing device 102. If the aforementioned anticipated interruption is determined, tool 106 determines the stopping point of the software distribution process based on the length of the increments of software code being distributed and the amount of time available prior to the anticipated interruption. This amount of time is determined by tool 106 based on a trend generated from the historical data in repository 114 collected under similar environmental conditions. Tool 106 then sends a request to software distribution client 110 via software distribution interface 108 to stop the software distribution or upgrade at the determined stopping point. In response to monitor 104 detecting
|
['G06F1518']
|
detailed_description
|
12,432,168
|
[description] Definitions The following definitions are provided as they are typically (but not exclusively) used in the fibre channel environment, implementing the various adaptive aspects of the present invention. “D_ID”: A 24-bit field in the Fibre Channel Frame header that contains the destination address for a frame. “Domain”: Bits 16-23 of a Fibre Channel Address, that usually correspond to a switch. “Exchange”: A grouping of Fibre Channel messages sent between two fibre Channel addresses. An Exchange includes at least one Sequence. “E-Port”: A fabric expansion port that attaches to another Interconnect port to create an Inter-Switch Link. “F_Port”: A port to which non-loop N_Ports are attached to a fabric and does not include FL_ports. “Fibre Channel
|
['H04L1256']
|
detailed_description
|
11,418,989
|
Methods and apparatus for capturing audio signals based on a visual image [SEP] [abstract] In one embodiment, the methods and apparatuses detect an initial listening zone wherein the initial listening zone represents an initial area monitored for sounds; detect a view of a visual device; compare the view of the visual with the initial area of the initial listening zone; and adjust the initial listening zone and forming the adjusted listening zone having an adjusted area based on comparing the view and the initial area.
|
['H04R2900' 'G10L1500']
|
abstract
|
12,148,586
|
[invention] Certain applications, such as music-on-hold systems, utilize computer-generated music, primarily to avoid either the payment of copyright royalties or the payment to a composer or songwriter for the rights to a custom-made song. Such computer-created music, however pleasant, typically is simple and becomes uninteresting to listeners after only a short time. Methods are needed that will improve the quality and complexity of computer generated music.
|
['G09B1502']
|
background
|
11,703,387
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rotary actuator having a rotatably supported shaft with a rotary knob connected thereto and a device for producing a haptic effect when the rotary knob is rotated in which the device includes a detent ring and a lock bolt which engages the detent ring. 2. Background Art Rotary actuators are used as data input devices. For example, rotating a rotary actuator and optionally pressing or swiveling the actuator allows a cursor to be controlled. A rotary actuator may be part of a joystick. DE 197 12 049 A1 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 6,480,752) describes a rotary actuator. In this rotary actuator, a haptic effect producing device has a geared connection to a shaft. Under appropriate loading, a motor exerts a torque on the shaft in the direction opposite to the rotary motion. Different haptic effects can be produced as a function of motor control as well as the rotational angle position of the shaft. In contrast to a rotary actuator having a haptic effect producing device designed as a mechanical catch, the neutral position of this actuator is relatively “soft”. As a result of the necessary application of counter-torque by the motor an adjustment vibration can be felt when the handle is rotated. DE 100 41 935 A1 (corresponding to U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,997) describes a rotary actuator which includes multiple annularly disposed detent rings on top of one another. The detent rings can be selectively activated by electromagnetically actuatable clamping rings for producing various haptic effects. This device eliminates the spongy feel of the haptic effect produced by a motor.
|
['H04B336']
|
background
|
11,438,368
|
RFID tag [SEP] [abstract] A radio frequency identification tag includes an antenna including a conductor pattern in a form of dipole, and connected to an integrated circuit chip of the radio frequency identification tag; an adjusting portion including at least one adjusting pattern connected to the conductor pattern to make the antenna compatible with an environment in which the antenna is used; and a marking portion at which directions for an adjusting operation using the adjusting portion is indicated.
|
['G08B1314']
|
abstract
|
12,648,414
|
SENSE AMPLIFIER AND SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT USING THE SAME [SEP] [abstract] A semiconductor integrated circuit having a sense amplifier includes first and second inverters each having an output terminal coupled to an input terminal of the other inverter. The first inverter is configured to be activated in response to a first and a third activation signals, and the second inverter is configured to be activated in response to a second and a fourth activation signals. The first and third activation signals and the second and fourth activation signals are provided through separate signal sources from each other.
|
['G11C700' 'G11C702' 'G11C514']
|
abstract
|
11,484,745
|
[summary] According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a micro-electromechanical device which comprises a substrate containing drive circuitry; and an elongate actuator that is fast with the substrate at a fixed end, the elongate actuator having a laminated structure of at least one inner layer and a pair of opposed, outer layers, the outer layers having substantially the same thermal expansion and elasticity characteristics, with one of the outer layers defining an electrical heating circuit that is in electrical contact with the drive circuitry to be heated and to expand on receipt of an electrical signal from the drive circuitry and to cool and contract on termination of the signal, thereby to generate reciprocal movement of the actuator. The actuator may have a single inner layer. The outer layers may have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the inner layer. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a micro-electromechanical device which comprises a substrate containing drive circuitry; and a plurality of elongate actuators, each actuator being fast with the substrate at a fixed end, each elongate actuator having a laminated structure of at least three layers in the form of a pair of opposed, outer layers and at least one inner layer, the outer layers having substantially the same thermal expansion and elasticity characteristics, with one of the outer layers defining an electrical heating circuit that is in electrical contact with the drive circuitry to be heated and to expand on receipt of an electrical signal from the drive circuitry and to cool and contract on termination of the signal, thereby to generate reciprocal movement of the actuator. According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a fluid ejecting device which comprises a substrate containing drive circuitry, nozzle chamber walls and a roof wall positioned on the substrate to define a nozzle chamber in which fluid is received and a fluid ejection port from which the fluid is ejected, in use; a fluid ejecting mechanism that is operatively arranged with respect to the nozzle chamber to act on the fluid in the nozzle chamber to eject fluid from the fluid ejection port; a thermal bend actuator that is connected to the drive circuitry to receive an electrical signal from the drive circuitry and to provide actuation of the fluid ejecting mechanism, wherein the thermal bend actuator has a laminated structure of at least three layers in the form of a pair of opposed, outer layers and at least one inner layer, the outer layers having substantially the same thermal expansion and elasticity characteristics. The thermal bend actuator may have a single inner layer. The outer layers of the thermal bend actuator may each be conductive. At least one of the outer layers of the thermal bend actuator may be connected to the drive circuitry so that said at least one of the outer layers can be heated. The outer layers may have a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the inner layer.
|
['B41J204']
|
summary
|
11,588,482
|
[invention] The present disclosure relates to an electrosurgical forceps and more particularly, the present disclosure relates to an endoscopic bipolar electrosurgical forceps for sealing and/or cutting tissue.
|
['A61B1814' 'A61B1732']
|
background
|
11,407,810
|
Modified plants [SEP] [abstract] A method for controlling endosperm size and development in plants. The method employs nucleic acid constructs encoding proteins involved in genomic imprinting, in the production of transgenic plants. The nucleic acid constructs can be used in the production of transgenic plants to affect interspecific hybridisation.
|
['A01H100' 'C12N1582']
|
abstract
|
11,489,831
|
[invention] The expansion of corporations over multiple geographic locations locally, regionally, nationally and even internationally places an extra burden on the information management resources. Enterprise networks provide a means of interconnecting these locations in support of IP- and telephone-based communications. Both IP and telephone systems management play an important role in the corporation maintaining a competitive posture in industry. Many companies employ PBX (private branch exchange) telephone systems to manage large numbers of calls between employees, customers, and/or vendors. Typically, PBXs can require configuration on an individual system level. Thus, telephone system administrators are required at each company PBX location, or if not, assigned to systems in the area so that configuration and troubleshooting can be conducted in a relatively expedient manner. This limitation demands not only extra resources to administer multiple separate systems management, but adds to the cost for technology management when companies have enterprise networks that can include a number of PBXs to handle company telephone communications. Moreover, when the corporations are international, which is a growing trend in an expanding global economy, it can be vitally important to maintain the integrity of the telephone communications system. Equipment failures, hardware/software update processes and/or offline functions can all impact the bottom line of the company. Accordingly, in large corporate environments or even smaller companies that outsource such management responsibilities can require 24-hour oversight management by personnel to address system problems. Furthermore, where corporate locations are in different countries, each country can have different regulatory compliance restrictions when, for example, a VoIP (voice-over-IP) call traverses from a global communications network such as the Internet to the local or public switched telephone network (or PSTN). A VoIP telephony system is a dynamic system comprised of multiple interdependent parts. When a gateway goes down or is removed from the system, the phone routing rules must be updated dynamically to prevent lost calls. Moreover, in order to sell VoIP products and solutions in those countries, compliance with national regulations must be closely monitored and followed. Additionally, changing regulations can be difficult and complex to accommodate, let alone anticipate in the design of hardware and/or software that drive the telephone systems and networks. Thus, the capability to efficiently manage telephone system operations can have a significant impact on the success or failure of a company.
|
['H04M700']
|
background
|
12,283,120
|
[invention] The invention relates to a fluid dynamic bearing having a recirculation channel used particularly for the rotatable support of a spindle motor for driving a disk drive.
|
['F16C1710']
|
background
|
12,442,216
|
[invention] Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become an important way of “tagging” articles. Use of such tags facilitates the performance of a multitude of tasks. Examples are checking inventories, locating a specific article amongst a large number of articles, and checking that a packed container has in it the correct articles without unpacking the container. Tags currently in use are of two main types, namely passive and active. Active tags have their own power source and transmit the data on them continuously whereas passive tags are powered by electromagnetic radiation emitted by a reader. The passive tag then responds, transmitting back to the reader the data stored therein. A specific area which currently gives rise to difficulty is determining with acceptable accuracy which tagged items are in a container without opening the container.
|
['G06K708' 'G06K1300']
|
background
|
11,974,629
|
Photosensor, target detection method and display panel [SEP] [abstract] A photosensor includes first and second light receiving elements which detect light, and a light source which is disposed behind the first and second light receiving elements and which emits light containing a predetermined color component. A first filter is disposed in front of the first light receiving element and transmits light of the predetermined color component, and a second filter is disposed in front of the second light receiving element and shuts off the light of the predetermined color component and transmits a color component other than the predetermined color component. A judging section judges whether or not a detection target is present in front of the first and second filters in accordance with outputs from the first and second light receiving elements.
|
['G01J350']
|
abstract
|
11,882,707
|
Semiconductor memory device and manufacturing method thereof [SEP] [abstract] A semiconductor memory device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided which enable cell-contact plugs to be formed at high yields and the yields of semiconductor memory devices to be improved in the manufacturing process. The semiconductor memory device includes: a semiconductor substrate; MOS transistors which are formed on a surface of the semiconductor substrate; a cell-contact plug which is made of poly-silicon film, is located between gates of the MOS transistors, and is connected to a source or a drain of one of the MOS transistors; a pad metal layer which is formed on the cell-contact plug; an interlayer dielectric film which is formed on the pad metal layer; a storage capacitor which is formed on the interlayer dielectric film; and a contact plug which is formed inside an opening which penetrates the interlayer dielectric film, and connects the storage capacitor with the pad metal layer.
|
['H01L27108' 'H01L218242']
|
abstract
|
10,568,115
|
[summary] The object of the invention is to specify a heat shield arrangement, which can be cooled with a coolant, such that little cooling fluid is lost when the heat shield arrangement is cooled. It should be possible to deploy the heat shield arrangement in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine. This object is achieved according to the invention by a heat shield arrangement for a component guiding a hot gas, which comprises a number of heat shield elements disposed next to each other on a supporting structure with gaps in between. A heat shield element can be mounted on the supporting structure such that an internal space is formed, which is delimited in areas by a hot gas wall to be cooled, with an inlet channel for admitting a coolant into the internal space, with a coolant discharge channel being provided for the controlled discharge of coolant from the internal space, said channel discharging from the internal space into the gap. The invention is based on the consideration that the very high flame temperatures in hot gas channels or other hot gas spaces, for example in combustion chambers of stationary gas turbines, mean that the components guiding the hot gas have to be actively cooled. A very wide range of cooling technologies—or even combinations thereof—can be used for this purpose. The most frequently used cooling concepts are convection cooling, convection cooling with measures to increase turbulence and impact cooling. Because of the very intensive efforts to reduce pollutant emissions in particular from systems with open cooling, for example combustion chambers with open cooling in gas turbines, cooling air economy is a particularly important factor in achieving these objectives—in this instance greater NO x reductions. The objective for cooling concepts with open cooling is therefore to minimize the mass flow of cooling air required. With the conventional, open cooling concepts discussed in more detail above, after completing its cooling task the cooling air finally escapes through the gap between adjacent heat shield elements, to enter the combustion chamber. Discharge of the cooling air protects the system from penetration of hot gas into the gaps. The uncontrolled blowing out of the cooling air however means that more cooling air is used to seal the gaps than is required for the cooling task. This increase in quantity leads to excessive cooling air consumption with disadvantageous consequences for the overall efficiency of the unit and pollutant emissions from the combustion system producing the hot gas. Based on this knowledge with the heat shield arrangement of the invention a controlled and tailored discharge of the coolant for an open cooling system is proposed after completion of the cooling task at the hot gas wall to be cooled. The heat shield arrangement can thereby be implemented particularly simply and is associated structurally with significantly lower manufacturing outlay than closed cooling concepts with coolant return. The controlled coolant discharge into the gap means that coolant, e.g. cooling air, can be used more economically compared with the conventional concepts, whilst at the same time achieving a significant reduction in pollutant emissions, in particular NO x emissions. This is achieved by providing a coolant discharge channel for the controlled discharge of coolant from the internal space, said channel discharging from the internal space into the gap. A particularly high level of cooling efficiency and sealing effect of the coolant against the action of a hot gas in the gap on the supporting structure is advantageously achieved in the gap by the tailored and metered application of coolant to the gap. The controlled discharge of coolant from the internal space can thereby be achieved in a simple manner by corresponding dimensioning of the coolant discharge channel, for example in respect of the channel cross-section and the channel length. In a preferred embodiment the heat shield element has a side wall, which is inclined in the direction of the supporting structure in relation to the hot gas wall. As a result the basic geometry of the heat shield element is configured as a single-shell hollow element, which can be mounted on the supporting structure, thereby forming the internal space. The internal space is thereby delimited or defined in just one direction by the supporting structure and in the other spatial directions by the heat shield element itself. In a particularly preferred embodiment the coolant discharge channel penetrates the side wall. The coolant discharge channel can thereby be configured simply as a hole through the side wall, with the internal space being connected to the gap space formed by the gap. Coolant can thus be discharged in a controlled manner from the internal space through the coolant discharge channel due to the pressure difference between the internal space and the gap space defined by the gap. To prevent residual coolant leaks from the internal space, a sealing element is preferably fitted between the side wall and the supporting structure. By inclining the side wall in the direction of the supporting structure, if the heat shield is fixed to the supporting structure in a detachable manner, a gap can be provided for thermomechanical reasons, which can result in unwanted coolant leaks. It is therefore particularly advantageous to seal off those gaps, which may cause an uncontrolled blowing out of coolant from the internal space, using suitable sealing measures. This provides a leak-tight connection between the heat shield element and the supporting structure. The sealing element between the side wall and the supporting structure is thereby a particularly simple but effective measure to reduce coolant consumption further. Also, depending on the embodiment, the sealing element can have a damping function, such that the heat shield elements of the heat shield arrangement are mounted on the supporting structure in a mechanically damped manner. An impact cooling mechanism is preferably assigned to the internal space of a heat shield element, such that the hot gas wall can be cooled by impact cooling. Impact cooling is thereby a particularly effective method for cooling the heat shield
|
['F23M508' 'F23R300' 'F23M500']
|
summary
|
11,897,805
|
[claim] 1. A matrix switcher including a switcher unit having connection switches respectively provided at intersections formed by a plurality of input signal lines and a plurality of output signal lines and a control unit configured to control the switcher unit, the control unit comprising: a main controller and a backup controller, each of which has an interface for a general-purpose network and an interface for a dedicated communication line, wherein the backup controller operates a Web server program to transfer a setup command to the main controller upon receiving the setup command addressed to the matrix switcher and/or another matrix switcher not having the interface for the general-purpose network from a Web browser via the general-purpose network, and wherein the main controller executes processing of switching a connection relation between the input signal lines and output signal lines in the switcher unit upon receiving a switching command addressed to the matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line; processing of transferring a switching command to another matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line upon receiving the switching command addressed to another matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line; processing of setting up the matrix switcher upon receiving from the backup controller the setup command addressed to the matrix switcher; and processing of converting the setup command into a protocol of the dedicated communication line and transferring the setup command to another matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line upon receiving from the backup controller the setup command addressed to another matrix switcher not having the interface for the general-purpose network. 2. A matrix switcher according to claim 1, wherein the backup controller terminates the operation of the Web server program and executes the switching and switching command transfer processing having been executed by the main controller, when a failure occurs in the main controller. 3. A matrix switcher according to claim 1, wherein the backup controller identifies a matrix switcher to which the received command is addressed among the matrix switcher and another or a plurality of other matrix switchers not having the interface for the general-purpose network, based on whether or not an identifier for identifying another matrix switcher is included in the command transmitted to an address given to the backup controller on the general-purpose network. 4. A matrix switcher according to claim 1, wherein the main controller periodically acquires current setup content data on another matrix switcher not having the interface for the general-purpose network via the dedicated communication line, and acquires the current setup content data on another matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line when a request for the setup content data is received from the backup controller; and wherein the main controller converts the acquired data into a protocol for the general-purpose network and transmits the result to the backup controller in the case where the data is acquired within a predetermined period upon receiving the request, and converts the latest periodically acquired data into the protocol for the general-purpose network and transmits the result to the backup controller in the case where the data is not acquired within the predetermined period upon receiving the request. 5. A method of controlling a matrix switcher including a switcher unit having connection switches respectively provided at intersections formed by a plurality of input signal lines and a plurality of output signal lines and a control unit configured to control the switcher unit, in which the control unit includes a main controller and a backup controller, each of which has an interface for a general-purpose network and an interface for a dedicated communication line, the method of controlling the matrix switcher comprising the steps of: operating by the backup controller a Web server program to transfer a setup command to the main controller upon receiving the setup command addressed to the matrix switcher and/or another matrix switcher not having the interface for the general-purpose network from a Web browser via the general-purpose network; switching by the main controller a connection relation between the input signal lines and output signal lines in the switcher unit upon receiving a switching command addressed to the matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line; transferring by the main controller a switching command to another matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line upon receiving the switching command addressed to another matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line; setting up by the main controller the matrix switcher upon receiving from the backup controller the setup command addressed to the matrix switcher; and converting by the main controller the setup command into a protocol of the dedicated communication line and transferring by the main controller the setup command to another matrix switcher via the dedicated communication line upon receiving from the backup controller the setup command addressed to another matrix switcher not having the interface for the general-purpose network. 6. A method of controlling a matrix switcher according to claim 5, further comprising the step of terminating the operation of the Web server program and executing the switching and switching command transfer processing by the backup controller, the processing having been executed by the main controller, when a failure occurs in the main controller. 7. A method of controlling a matrix switcher according to claim 5, further comprising the step of identifying by the backup controller a matrix switcher to which the received command is addressed among the matrix switcher and another or a plurality of other matrix switchers not having the interface for the general-purpose network, based on whether or not an identifier for identifying another matrix switcher is included in the command transmitted to an address given to the backup controller on the general-purpose network. 8. A method of controlling a matrix switcher according to claim 5, further comprising the steps of acquiring periodically by the main controller current setup content data on another matrix switcher not having the interface for the general-purpose network via the dedicated communication line; acquiring by the main controller the current setup content data on another matrix switcher via
|
['H04N7173']
|
claim
|
11,083,162
|
[summary] The present invention relates to a method comprising: a) applying a splicing composition to a first water-soluble, orally-ingestible film, a second water-soluble, orally-ingestible film or to both films; b) overlapping the first water-soluble, orally-ingestible film on the second water-soluble, orally-ingestible film to form a splice between the first water-soluble, orally-ingestible film and the second water-soluble, orally-ingestible film; and c) allowing the splice to dry or cure, wherein the splicing composition comprises at least one animal-consumable solvent and, optionally, at least one orally-ingestible polymer.
|
['B31F500' 'B32B3700' 'B32B3712']
|
summary
|
12,129,250
|
[claim] 1. A method of identifying modulators for the Wnt pathway comprising: (a) providing a Xenopus laevis egg extract comprising axin and β-catenin; (b) contacting said extract with a candidate substance; (c) assessing the degradation and/or stability of said axin and/or β-catenin, wherein a change in the degradation and/or stability of axin and/or β-catenin, as compared to the degradation and/or stability of axin and/or β-catenin in the absence of said candidate substance, indicates that said candidate substance is a modulator of the Wnt pathway. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said axin and/or β-catenin molecules are labeled. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said axin and/or β-catenin molecules are labeled by fusion with a fluorescent protein. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said fluorescent protein is selected from luciferase, GPF, CFP, YFP, or ECPF. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein said axin and/or β-catenin molecules are labeled with a radioactive label or a dye. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said modulator increases degradation of β-catenin and increases stability of axin, and said modulator is an inhibitor of the Wnt pathway. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said modulator increases degradation of axin and increases stability of β-catenin, and said modulator is an activator of the Wnt pathway. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said candidate substance is a organopharmaceutical drug. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said candidate substance is an oligonucleotide or polynucleotide. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said candidate substance is a peptide or polypeptide. 11. A method of inhibiting a cancer cell selected from the group consisting of an adrenocortical cancer cell, a hepatocellular cancer cell, a hepatoblastoma cell, a malignant melanoma cell, a ovarian cancer cell, a Wilm's tumor cell, a Barrett's esophageal cancer cell, a bladder cancer cell, a breast cancer cell, a gastric cancer cell, a head & neck cancer cell, a lung cancer cell, a mesothelioma cell, a cervical cancer cell, a glioblastoma cell, a uterine cancer cell, a myeloid leukemia cancer cell, a lymphoid leukemia cancer cell, a pilometricoma cancer cell, a medulloblastoma cancer cell, and a familial adenomatous polyposis cancer cell comprising contacting said cancer cell with a composition comprising pyrvinium. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said cancer cell is located in a subject. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said subject is a human. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein said cancer cell is metastatic. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein said cancer cell is multi-drug resistant. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein said cancer cell is recurrent. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein said cancer cell has a mutation in APC, β-catenin, and/or axin. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising subjecting said cancer cell with a second anti-cancer therapy. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said second anti-cancer therapy is chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, toxin therapy, protein/peptide therapy, or surgery. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein said second anti-cancer therapy is given prior to said pyrvinium composition. 21. The method of claim 18, wherein said second anti-cancer therapy is given after said pyrvinium composition. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein said second anti-cancer therapy is given at the same time as said pyrvinium composition. 23. The method of claim 11, wherein said pyrvinium composition is contacted with said cancer cell more than once. 24. The method of claim 11, wherein inhibiting comprises reducing cancer cell growth. 25. The method of claim 11, wherein inhibiting comprises killing said cancer cell. 26. The method of claim 12, wherein said pyrvinium composition is administered orally, intravenously, intratumorally, into tumor vasculature, or regional to said tumor. 27. A method of treating a non-cancer disease state have a Wnt signaling abnormality comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a composition comprising pyrvinium. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein said subject is a human. 29. The method of claim 27, further comprising subjecting said cancer cell with a second therapy. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein said second therapy is given prior to said pyrvinium composition. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein said second therapy is given after said pyrvinium composition. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein said second therapy is given at the same time as said pyrvinium composition. 33. The method of claim 27, wherein said pyrvinium composition is administered more than once. 34. The method of claim 27, wherein said non-cancer disease state is autism, rheumatoid arthritis, schizophrenia, increased bone density, cardiac hypertrophy, Alzheimer's Disease, coronary artery disease, obesity, osteoporosis, familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, type II diabetes, pulmonary fibrosis, inflammation, or wound healing. 35. A method of stimulating a stem cell comprising contacting said stem cell with a composition comprising pyrvinium. 36. A method of inhibiting a well-vascularized tumor in a subject comprising administering to said subject a composition comprising pyrvinium.
|
['A61K3802' 'G01N3348' 'C12Q166' 'C12N506' 'A61K31337']
|
claim
|
10,549,911
|
[description] An embodiment of the invention will now be described with respect to FIGS. 1 to 7. FIG. 1 illustrates a publish-subscribe architecture which constitutes the operating environment of the present invention. This will be described next, and the terminology to be used herein defined thereby. In FIG. 1 an announcing application 10 is provided running on a computer system or the like (not shown). The announcing application operates to generate or otherwise process information which is to be announced by transmission of a message (an announcement) relating to a predefined subject onto a communications channel 18. The scope of the operation of the announcing application 10 as used herein is deliberately broad, as the announcing application could be any application which produces information relating to any characteristic of any sort of entity. As examples, an announcing application 10 could be installed on a temperature sensor, and which acts to periodically announce the temperature sensed by the sensor. In another example, the announcing application could be located as part of the system of a stock exchange, and act to announce the share price of a particular share, or the index level of a stock index. In another application, the announcing application could be used in a distributed programming environment to track the value that an internal variable to a program takes, and to produce information relating to the value of that variable. The announcing application 10 communicates with an announcer 12. The announcer 12 is a software programme forming part of a communication middleware that is given information by other locally running programmes (i.e. the announcing application 10) to announce information globally but efficiently to any interested parties by virtue of the transmission of messages onto the communications channel 18. ‘Locally’ here usually means on the same computing device, but an announcer 12 may be arranged on one device to act for a number of locally connected devices. Additionally provided as part of the publish-subscribe architecture is a listener 16. The listener 16 is another software programme which forms part of the communication middleware. It receives the messages sent by the announcer 12 on the appropriate communications channels 18. The listener 16 acts to communicate with a listener application 14, which is the application which makes use of the information provided by the announcing application 10. Thus, continuing the examples given above, the listening application 14 could be an industrial control application which acts to control an industrial process in response to the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor, and communicated to the listener 16 in a message from the announcer 12. It should be noted here that the announcer 12 and listener 16 are completely decoupled, which means that the announcer 12 does not need to have any information about the identity, the credentials and the number of listeners. When the announcing application 10 continually updates and produces new information relating to the data, object or entity to which it relates at each update a new announcement message is created and transmitted by the announcer 12. We define such a sequence of related announcement messages to be an “announcement thread”, with each individual message in the sequence being an “announcement version”. A new version of an announcement (an announcement version) is assumed to contain information related to previous versions in some way specific to the application making the announcements. An announcement message is therefore a new announcement version of an announcement thread, and could occur at any unknown time in the future. The new announcement version expresses an update of specific information relating to the data, objects, or entities which the announcing application is monitoring. Within such an architecture there is a clear need to be able to identify announcement threads, being the sequence of messages transmit onto the communications channel 18. This is so listeners can receive an announcement message and know to which thread the announcement message relates and thereby determine the subject matter of the message. Usually, the subject matter of an announcement thread will have been defined in advance. Therefore, in order to allow such identification, each announcement thread is provided with an announcement thread identifier (AThID), which is the globally unique identifier for an
|
['G06F1516']
|
detailed_description
|
12,127,753
|
[summary] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a capsule camera includes a wireless transmitter that transmits data and a receiving system having multiple receiving units to allowing storing multiple data streams simultaneously. The multiple stored data streams may be used at a later time to derive the best data stream for analysis, based on the network conditions at the time each data packet is received. In general, wireless transmission is error prone. Bit errors in codeword may have a greater impact than the same number of bit errors in the image data. For example, a bit error located in a codeword or a header of a data packet is likely to be of greater consequence than a bit error located in the encoded data portion representing an image pixel value. Therefore, it is possible that a receiver under better network condition actually receives an encoded string that is more difficult to decode than another receiver under an inferior network condition. Due to noise in the environment and multi-paths, sometime a signal with an error may be received despite strong received signal strength. For the above and other reasons of secured wireless transmission, it is desirable to keep multiple received data streams in the receiving units. The best data stream may be derived from the multiple stored data streams at a later time during the decoding process. For example, in a capsule camera application, the multiple data streams may be stored in the memory devices associated with the receiving units, which are typically attached to different locations on the body during diagnosis. The multiple data streams are maintained as the capsule passes through the gastrointestinal tract. Subsequently, after the diagnosis, the receiving units are recovered and connected to a computer or another standalone device for analysis. At that time, the best data stream is derived from the stored data streams using a decoding process, or by comparing the decoded results. To improve efficiency, not all receiving units store the data streams at the same time. A screening process, for example, may be provided such that only the receiving units with better network conditions store the data streams. In a real-time system, the data streams may be stored for only a short duration before the best data stream is derived by a decoding process, or by comparing the decoded results. The present invention is better understood upon consideration of the detailed description below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
|
['A61B100']
|
summary
|
12,011,321
|
[invention] Self-service financial terminals such as ATMs are commonly arranged to receive a card having magnetically stored data which can be employed to verify the identity of an individual accessing the self-service terminal. However, the requirement for using such a card does not prevent attempted fraud or other erroneous, or inappropriate, operation of the self-service terminal. On the contrary ATMs and other self-service terminals provide opportunities for criminals to defraud customers and financial institutions by intercepting magnetic card and/or PIN information. In recent years, it has been sufficient to merely acquire magnetic information from a card, offered to an ATM, by reading the magnetic stripe as the card enters or leaves the magnetic reader—a process known as “card skimming”. However, in order to eliminate such fraud, financial institutions worldwide are introducing “chip and PIN” cards. These are smart cards which cannot currently be easily copied, so criminals will inevitably move towards card capture. One known means of card capture from an ATM is a, so called, “Lebanese Loop”, which is a device which incorporates a filament of material, in the form of a loop, to constrain and thereby capture a card within the ATM card reader and prevent its return to the authorized user. The loop may be made from any strong flexible material from video tape to dental floss. To-date, various defenses against such attacks have been attempted. Some approaches to this problem, such as the Applicants' earlier US patent, U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,463, attempt to detect the presence of a Lebanese Loop by electro-mechanical means which are inherently unreliable. In U.S. Pat. No. 6,196,463 a beam is projected from a source on a moving buggy which is swept across the complete width of the transport path, thus allowing the beam to be projected at the transport path across its entire width. Detecting means are arranged to receive an output signal and to detect the presence of an object in the path in response to the object interfering with the signal. However, the mechanical complexity of this solution renders it costly and unsatisfactory to ATM manufacturers.
|
['G06K710']
|
background
|
12,027,964
|
[claim] 1. A method for processing a substrate, comprising: depositing a first silicon-containing material layer having a first etch rate on the substrate surface from a nitrogen-containing precursor introduced into a processing chamber at a first flow rate and a silicon-containing precursor; depositing a second silicon-containing material layer having a second etch rate different than the first etch rate on the first silicon-containing material layer from the nitrogen-containing precursor at a second flow rate different than the first flow rate and the silicon-containing precursor; etching the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer; and forming a taper etch profile in the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first flow rate is greater than the second flow rate, the first etch rate is greater than the second etch rate, and the forming the taper etch profile in the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer comprises a taper etch profile from the substrate surface towards the second silicon-containing material layer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein taper etch profile from the second silicon-containing material layer to the substrate surface comprises an etch angle larger than 0° from the side walls of the etched first silicon-containing material layer to the etched sidewalls of the second silicon-containing material layer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first flow rate is less than the second flow rate, the first etch rate is less than the second etch rate and the forming the taper etch profile in the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer comprises a taper etch profile from the second silicon-containing material layer towards the substrate surface. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein taper etch profile from the substrate surface to the second silicon-containing material layer comprises an etch angle larger than 0° from the side walls of the etched second silicon-containing material layer to the etched sidewalls of the first silicon-containing material layer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer comprise silicon oxide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first etch rate is a wet etch rate between about 2000 Å/min and about 3000 Å/min and the second etch rate is a wet etch rate less than about 2000 Å/min. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the nitrogen-containing precursor comprises nitrogen oxide (N2O). 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer comprise silicon nitride. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein etching of the dual material layer is performed by wet etch and wherein the first etch rate is a wet etch rate between about 300 Å/min and about 500 Å/min and the second etch rate is a wet etch rate less than about 300 Å/min. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the nitrogen-containing precursor comprises ammonia gas (NH3). 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-containing precursor comprises a mixture of nitrogen (N2) gas and hydrogen (H2) gas with the second flow rate of the nitrogen gas less than the first flow rate of the nitrogen gas and the hydrogen gas increasing having a first flow rate of zero and a second flow rate of hydrogen gas greater than the first flow rate of hydrogen gas. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the first silicon-containing material layer comprises silicon oxide and the second silicon-containing material layer comprises silicon nitride. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the selectivity of the first etch rate versus the second etch rate is about 10:1 to about 20:1. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the depositing a first silicon-containing material layer and depositing a second silicon-containing material layer are performed in a continuous manner in the same processing chamber. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the second flow rate of the nitrogen-containing precursor increases or decreases continuously from the first flow rate. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the dual material layer is deposited on a substrate for fabricating a device selected from the group consisting of surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED), liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display panels (PDP), field emission display (FED), and organic light emitting diode (OLED). 18. A method for processing a substrate, comprising: depositing a first silicon-containing material layer having a first etch rate on the substrate surface from a nitrogen-containing precursor introduced into a processing chamber at a first flow rate and a silicon-containing precursor; adjusting the flow rate of the of the nitrogen-containing precursor to a second flow rate different than the first flow rate depositing in situ a second silicon-containing material layer having a second etch rate different than the first etch rate; etching the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer; and forming a etch profile in the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer an etch angle larger than 0° from the side walls of the etched first silicon-containing material layer to the etched sidewalls of the second silicon-containing material layer. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first silicon-containing material layer and the second silicon-containing material layer comprise silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or combinations thereof. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the nitrogen-containing precursor comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonium gas (NH3), nitrogen gas (N2), and combinations thereof. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the processing gas further comprises hydrogen gas. 22. The method of claim 18, wherein the dual material layer is deposited on a substrate for fabricating a device selected from the group consisting of surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED), liquid crystal display (LCD), plasma display panels (PDP), field emission display (FED), and organic light emitting diode (OLED). 23. A method for processing a substrate, comprising: depositing a first silicon-containing material layer having a first etch rate on the substrate surface from a first
|
['C23F100']
|
claim
|
12,409,893
|
Method for Monitoring the Operating Conditions of Motor Vehicles [SEP] [abstract] The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring the operating conditions of motor vehicles, with a drive system with at least one differential that distributes drive torque to the driven wheels. To avoid unacceptable wear in the differential of the drive system, it is proposed that at least the output speeds of the differential, and, via a steering angle sensor, an at least approximate driving of the motor vehicle in a straight line are detected and are compared over a time interval, and that in the case where the differential speed of the output shafts is above a defined speed threshold and prevails over the time interval and the vehicle is driven in a straight line, a warning signal is generated.
|
['B60W1012' 'B60W4010']
|
abstract
|
11,067,437
|
[description] The apparatus of the invention will be described in terms of an apparatus for applying a fluid to a moving web material. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the invention is not limited to this embodiment. According to FIG. 1 the apparatus 1000 comprises a fluid transfer component 100. The fluid transfer component 100 comprises a first surface 110 and a second surface 120. The fluid transfer component further comprises pores 130 connecting the first surface 110 and the second surface 120. The pores 130 are disposed upon the fluid transfer component 100 in a non-random preselected pattern. A fluid supply 400 is operably connected to the fluid transfer component 100 such that a fluid 450 may contact the first surface 110 of the fluid transfer component 100. The apparatus 1000 further comprises a fluid motivating component 500. The fluid motivating component 500 provides an impetus for the fluid 450 to move from the first surface 110 to the second surface 120 via the pores 130. The apparatus further comprises a fluid receiving component comprising a web 200. The web 200 comprises a fluid receiving surface 210. The fluid receiving surface may contact droplets of fluid 450 formed upon the second surface 120. Fluid 450 may pass through pores 130 from the first surface 110 to the second surface 120 and may transfer to the fluid receiving surface 210. FIG. 1 illustrates a cylindrical fluid transfer component 100. The cylindrical fluid transfer component 100 may comprise a hollow cylindrical shell 105. The cylindrical shell 105 may be sufficiently structural to function without additional internal bracing. The cylindrical shell 105 may comprise a thin outer shell and structural internal bracing to support the cylindrical shell 105. The cylindrical shell 105 may comprise a single layer of material or may comprise a laminate. The laminate may comprise layers of a similar material or may comprise layers dissimilar in material and structure. In one embodiment the cylindrical shell 105 comprises a stainless steel shell having a wall thickness of about 0.125 inches (3 mm). In another embodiment (not shown) the fluid transfer component 100 may comprise a flat plate. In another embodiment (not shown) the fluid transfer component 100 may comprise a regular or irregular polygonal prism. The fluid application width of the apparatus may be adjusted by providing a single fluid transfer component 100 of appropriate width. Multiple individual fluid application components 100 may be combined in a series to achieve the desired width. As a non-limiting example, a plurality of stainless steel cylinders each having a shell thickness of about 0.125 inches (3 mm) and a width of about 6 inches (about 15 cm) may be coupled end to end with an appropriate seal—such as an o-ring seal between each pair of cylinders. In this example the number of shells combined may be increased until the desired application width is achieved. The fluid transfer component 100 further comprises pores 130 connecting the first surface 110 and the second surface 120. Connecting the surfaces refers to the pores 130 each providing a pathway for the transport of a fluid 450 from the first surface 110 to the second surface 120. In one embodiment the pores 130 may be formed by the use of electron beam drilling as is known in the art. Electron beam drilling comprises a process whereby high energy electrons impinge upon a surface resulting in the formation of holes through the material. In another embodiment the pores may be formed using a laser. In another embodiment the pores may be formed by using a drill bit. In yet another embodiment the pores 130 may be formed using electrical discharge machining as is known in the art. In one embodiment the pores 130 comprise holes that are substantially straight and normal to the outer surface of the fluid transfer component 100. In another embodiment the pores 130 comprise holes proceeding at an angle other than 90 degrees from the outer surface 120 of the fluid transfer component 100. In each of these embodiments each of the pores 130 comprise a single passageway having a single entry point at the first surface 110 and a single exit point at the second surface 120. In one embodiment the pores 130 may be provided by electron beam drilling and may have an aspect ratio of 25:1. The aspect ratio represents the ratio of the length of the pore 130 to the diameter of the pore 130. Therefore a pore having an aspect ratio of 25:1 has a length 25 times the diameter of the pore 130. In this embodiment the pores 130 may have a diameter of between about 0.001 inches (0.025 mm) and about 0.030 inches (0.75 mm). The pores 130 may be provided at an angle of between about 20 and about 90 degrees from the second surface 120 of the fluid transfer component 100. The pores 130 may be accurately positioned upon the second surface 120 of the fluid transfer component 100 to within 0.0005 inches (0.013 mm) of the desired non-random pattern of permeability. In one embodiment the 25:1 aspect ratio limit may be overcome to provide an aspect ratio of about 60:1. In this embodiment holes 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) in diameter may be electron beam drilled in a metal shell about 0.125 inches (3 mm) in thickness. Metal plating may subsequently be applied to the surface of the shell. The plating may reduce the nominal pore 130 diameter from about 0.005 inches (0.13 mm) to about 0.002 inches (0.05 mm). The opening of the pore 130 at the second surface 120 may comprise a simple circular opening having a diameter similar to that of the portion of the pore 130 extending between the first surface 110 and the second surface 120. In one embodiment the opening of the pore 130 at the second surface 120 may comprise a flaring of the diameter of the portion of the pore 130 extending between the surfaces 110,
|
['B05D312' 'B05C100']
|
detailed_description
|
11,230,945
|
Novel polymerase compositions and uses thereof [SEP] [abstract] The subject invention provides novel compositions containing a mixture of (a) an enzyme that possesses substantial 3′-5′ exonuclease activity (b) a DNA polymerase with less 3′-5′ exonuclease activity than the enzyme with substantial 3′-5′ exonuclease activity. Preferably, the DNA polymerase for inclusion in the compositions are DNA polymerases that substantially lack 3′-5′ exonuclease activity. A preferred embodiment of the invention is a composition comprising the Taq DNA polymerase (isolated from Thermus aquaticus) and the Pfu DNA polymerase (isolated from Pyrococcus furiosus). Another aspect of the invention is to provide methods for synthesizing polynucleotides, typically DNA, using compositions comprising an enzyme that possesses substantial 3′-5′ exonuclease activity and a DNA polymerase with less 3′-5′ exonuclease activity than the enzymes possessing substantial 3′-5′ exonuclease activity, preferably a DNA polymerase that substantially lacks 3′-5′ exonuclease activity. Another aspect of the invention involves the use the subject method of polynucleotide synthesis to carry out the synthesis step in a polymerase chain reaction experiment. Yet another aspect of the invention is to provide kits for the synthesis of polynucleotides, wherein the kits comprise an enzyme that possesses substantial 3′-5′ exonuclease activity and a DNA polymerase with less 3′-5′ exonuclease activity than the enzyme possessing substantial 3′-5′ exonuclease activity.
|
['C12Q168' 'C12N922']
|
abstract
|
12,489,928
|
APPARATUS FOR RETRIEVING AND STORING TENNIS BALLS [SEP] [abstract] A ball hopper which allows for the easy retrieval and transportation of tennis balls. The ball hopper includes a basket includes a base and a side wall defining a cavity for storing the tennis ball. Balls are retrieved through ball retrieval channels provided in the base of the basket. The hopper is tipped to position the base of the hopper over the tennis bail. When the hopper is tipped upright the base of the hopper engages the tennis ball and slightly deforms the tennis ball allowing the tennis ball to bass through the retrieval channel. A side wall of the basket includes a door which provides a passageway through which the balls can be dispensed without requiring inversion of the basket. A latch member is provided to secure the door in a closed position. Wheels allow for easy transportation of the basket between locations.
|
['A63B4702']
|
abstract
|
11,276,181
|
[claim] 1. A method of forming an aircraft nacelle inlet noselip segment, the method comprising: (a) shaping a sheet of metal into a substantially U-shaped workpiece having a spanwise axis, opposed first and second ends, and opposed first and second edges; (b) placing the shaped workpiece on a substantially flexible first mandrel; and (c) stretching the workpiece in a spanwise direction between the first and second ends while bending the workpiece and first mandrel together about a die, whereby the workpiece is plastically deformed to have a first shape. 2. A method according to claim 1, and further comprising: (a) removing the workpiece from the first mandrel; (b) placing the workpiece over a substantially rigid second mandrel that substantially corresponds in shape to the first shape of the workpiece; and (c) stretching the workpiece over the second mandrel between the first and second edges in a chordwise direction that is substantially transverse to the spanwise axis of the workpiece, whereby the workpiece is further plastically deformed to have a second shape. 3. A method according to claim 2, and further comprising annealing the workpiece before placing the workpiece over the substantially rigid second mandrel and before stretching the workpiece over the second mandrel. 4. A method according to claim 1, and further comprising crimping the first end of the workpiece to form a first gripping portion, and crimping the second end of the workpiece to form a second gripping portion. 5. A method according to claim 2 and further comprising: (a) crimping the first end to form a first gripping portion, and crimping the second end to form a second gripping portion; and (b) removing the first and second gripping portions from the workpiece before stretching the workpiece over the second mandrel. 6. A method according to claim 1, comprising stretching the workpiece over the first mandrel having a plurality of interconnected segments. 7. A method according to claim 1, comprising stretching the workpiece over a bendable and substantially incompressible first mandrel. 8. A method according to claim 1 comprising stretching the first workpiece in the spanwise direction on a skin press machine. 9. A method according to claim 2, and further comprising trimming the workpiece to a final shape. 10. A method according to claim 1, wherein: (a) the first mandrel comprises a polymeric material; (b) the first mandrel substantially corresponds in shape to the first shape when the first mandrel is in an unrestrained state; and (c) wherein the method further comprises reshaping the first mandrel to substantially correspond in shape to the U-shaped workpiece before placing the workpiece over the first mandrel. 11. A method according to claim 2 and further comprising age hardening the workpiece after stretching the workpiece over the second mandrel. 12. A method of forming compound curvatures in a metal sheet, the method comprising: (a) bending the metal sheet about a first mandrel having a spanwise axis to form a channel; (b) plastically stretching the channel in a spanwise direction while substantially simultaneously bending the channel and first mandrel about a second mandrel, the second mandrel having a curvature that is non-parallel to the spanwise axis of the first mandrel. 13. A method according to claim 12 and further comprising further plastically stretching the channel in a direction that is substantially transverse to the spanwise direction. 14. A method according to claim 12, and further comprising annealing the channel after plastically stretching the channel. 15. A method according to claim 13, and further comprising age hardening the channel after further plastically stretching the channel. 16. A method according to claim 12 wherein the first mandrel comprises a plurality of interconnected segments. 17. A method according to claim 12, wherein the first mandrel comprises a flexible polymeric material. 18. A method according to claim 12, wherein the first mandrel comprises a bendable and substantially incompressible material. 19. A method according to claim 12 wherein the spanwise stretching is performed on a skin press machine. 20. A method according to claim 13 wherein further plastically stretching the channel in a direction that is substantially transverse to the spanwise direction comprises stretching the channel about a third mandrel. 21. A stretch-forming method for producing metal skin segments having compound curvatures, the method comprising: (a) forming a sheet of metal into a curved channel having a spanwise first axis of curvature; (b) plastically stretching the channel in a spanwise direction while substantially simultaneously bending the channel about a second axis of curvature. 22. A method according to claim 21, and further comprising plastically stretching the channel in a direction that is substantially transverse to the spanwise first axis. 23. A method according to claim 21, and further comprising annealing the channel after plastically stretching and bending the channel. 24. A method according to claim 22, and further comprising age hardening the channel after stretching the channel in a direction that is substantially transverse to the spanwise first axis. 25. A method according to claim 21, wherein the method yields an aircraft nacelle inlet nose lip segment.
|
['B21D1102']
|
claim
|
11,565,771
|
[summary] It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve the above problems in the prior art and provide a melt supply pipe for aluminum die casting which is strong to mechanical impact and is excellent in the melting loss resistance to a molten aluminum alloy and which has a significantly extended life, and a method for producing the melt supply pipe. In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides a melt supply pipe for connecting a melting furnace and a plunger sleeve of a die casting machine, comprising an inner ceramic pipe and an outer steel pipe fitted to the inner pipe, wherein a Ni alloy layer is formed over the inner circumferential surface of the outer steel pipe, and TiC particles are bonded to the surface of the Ni alloy layer. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the TiC particles have an average particle diameter of 10 to 500 μm, and are bonded to the Ni alloy layer in such a state that the particles are not fully covered with the Ni alloy layer but partly protrude from the surface of the Ni alloy layer. The Ni alloy preferably has the composition of 2.6 to 3.2% of B, 18 to 28% of Mo, 3.6 to 5.2% of Si and 0.05 to 0.22% of C, with the remainder being Ni and unavoidable impurities. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, gaps in the TiC particles are filled in with powder comprising at least one of boron nitride (BN), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ) and silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a pair of fibrous sheet members, composed of an inorganic material having the property of expanding by heating, is sandwiched between the inner ceramic pipe and the outer steel pipe at both ends of the pipes. Preferably, the gap formed between the inner ceramic pipe and the outer steel pipe and defined by the sheet members, is filled with a spherical or particulate ceramic filler. The present invention also provides a method for producing a melt supply pipe, composed of an inner ceramic pipe and an outer steel pipe fitted to the inner pipe, for connecting a melting furnace and a plunger sleeve of a die casting machine, comprising the steps of: forming a Ni alloy layer over the inner circumferential surface of the outer steel pipe; burying the outer pipe with the Ni alloy layer in TiC powder, and heating the pipe and the powder under vacuum in a vacuum heating oven to a temperature at which a liquid phase is generated from the Ni alloy, thereby bonding the TiC particles to the surface of the Ni alloy layer; and fitting the inner ceramic pipe into the outer pipe with the TiC particles bonded to the inner circumferential surface, thereby assembling the melt supply pipe. According to the present invention, the outer steel pipe can protect the inner ceramic pipe from mechanical impact and, in addition, enables application of a sufficient clamp load on the terminal connecting portions of the melt supply pipe, thereby preventing leakage of a molten aluminum alloy. Furthermore, owing to TiC particles densely scattered over the inner circumferential surface of the outer pipe, the present melt supply pipe has significantly enhanced melting loss resistance to a molten aluminum alloy. Thus, the melting supply pipe of the present invention, having both high impact resistance and high meting loss resistance, can enjoy a significantly extended life.
|
['C21D810']
|
summary
|
12,189,209
|
[invention] The present invention relates to an automobile anti-theft remote control device and a charger therefor in the field of automobile electronic anti-theft technology and more particularly pertains to a chargeable automobile anti-theft remote control device with a voice prompt function and a charger therefor. Automobiles are one means of transportation widely used by people and an automobile anti-theft device is an important accessory to an automobile. As the automobile anti-theft technology continuously improves and develops, and by analyzing from the perspectives of the existing market, users, cost effectiveness and so on, the two-way anti-theft system of an automobile will become an automobile anti-theft mainstream product. There exists a comparatively significant shortcoming in a two-way remote control device presently in use, that is, its power consumption is higher. The device often requires the replacement of new batteries after being used for less than a month or even a week. And, the discarded batteries also have to undergo proper treatments, or else the ecological environment will be affected. Thus, it causes inconvenience for a car owner to use the device and it increases a car owner's expenses on batteries. Specially made batteries of larger capacity may be used, and though the period for the replacement of batteries can slightly be extended, it inevitably increases the spending of a car owner. Besides, as the automobile anti-theft device is increasingly popular, car owners' various requirements for the properties of anti-theft devices will be more and more demanding and more and more diverse. Many car owners also desire for an automobile anti-theft device with a voice prompt function to meet their requirements.
|
['G05B1900' 'H02J700']
|
background
|
12,254,646
|
[claim] 1. A developer apparatus, comprising: a container which houses toner; a toner carrier roller that is provided, on a surface thereof, with a plurality of convex sections which are regularly arranged and a concave section which surrounds the convex sections, is shaped approximately like a cylinder, and rotates while carrying a toner layer of charged toner on the surface thereof; and a restriction member that abuts on the surface of the toner carrier roller to form a restriction nip, restricts a thickness of the toner layer carried on the surface of the toner carrier roller in the restriction nip, and removes the toner layer on the convex sections from among the toner layer carried on the surface of the toner carrier roller at an upstream-side end of the restriction nip in a rotation direction of the toner carrier roller, wherein a part of toner carried by the concave section moves to the convex sections to cover the convex sections with the toner at a downstream side to the restriction nip in the rotation direction of the toner carrier roller. 2. The developer apparatus of claim 1, wherein the restriction member includes an elastic abutting member which is made of an elastic material, is pressed against the surface of the toner carrier roller to form the restriction nip, an upstream-side edge surface of the elastic abutting member in the rotation direction of the toner carrier roller is upright approximately perpendicularly to the surface of the toner carrier roller, and a volume of the elastically-deformed elastic abutting member entering into the concave section of the toner carrier roller is less at a downstream side than at an upstream side in the rotation direction of the toner carrier roller. 3. The developer apparatus of claim 2, wherein an upstream-side end of the elastic abutting member in the rotation direction of the toner carrier roller abuts on the convex sections of the toner carrier roller, and a volume of deformation of the elastic abutting member which is elastically deformed when abutting on the toner carrier roller is maximum at the upstream-side end. 4. The developer apparatus of claim 2, wherein the concave section which surrounds the plurality convex sections which abut on the elastic abutting member within the restriction nip forms a single space. 5. The developer apparatus of claim 1, wherein a same potential as that applied to the toner carrier roller is applied to the restriction member. 6. The developer apparatus of claim 1, wherein a potential is applied upon the restriction member whose polarity relative to a potential applied upon the toner carrier roller is opposite to a polarity of the charged toner. 7. The developer apparatus of claim 5, wherein the restriction member includes an elastic abutting member which is made of an elastic material whose specific resistance is 108 Ω·cm or lower, is pressed against the surface of the toner carrier roller to form the restriction nip. 8. The developer apparatus of claim 1, wherein a height difference between the convex sections and the concave section within the surface of the toner carrier roller is equal to or larger than twice a volume average particle diameter of toner. 9. The developer apparatus of claim 8, wherein the height difference between the convex sections and the concave section is equal to or larger than triple the volume average particle diameter of toner. 10. The developer apparatus of claim 1, wherein a volume average particle diameter of toner is 5 μm or smaller. 11. The developer apparatus of claim 1, wherein a degree of circularity of the toner is 0.94 or more. 12. An image forming apparatus, comprising: an image carrier that carries an electrostatic latent image; a developer that includes a toner carrier roller and a restriction member, the toner carrier roller being provided, on a surface thereof, with a plurality of convex sections which are regularly arranged and a concave section which surrounds the convex sections, being made of a conductive material, being shaped approximately like a cylinder, and rotating while carrying a toner layer of charged toner on the surface thereof to transport the toner layer to an opposed position against the image carrier, the restriction member abutting on the surface of the toner carrier roller to form a restriction nip, and restricting a thickness of the toner layer carried on the surface of the toner carrier roller in the restriction nip; and a bias applier that applies a predetermined developing bias to the toner carrier roller to develop the electrostatic latent image carried on the image carrier with the toner, wherein toner is not carried on the convex sections within the surface of the toner carrier roller at an upstream-side end of the restriction nip in the rotation direction of the toner carrier roller, whereas toner carried on the concave section is partially moved to the convex sections to cover the convex sections at a downstream side to the restriction nip and at an upstream side to the opposed position against the image carrier in the rotation direction of the toner carrier roller. 13. A developing method, comprising: rotating a toner carrier roller that is provided, on a surface thereof, with a plurality of convex sections which are regularly arranged and a concave section which surrounds the convex sections, is shaped approximately like a cylinder, and carries a toner layer of charged toner on the surface thereof to transport the toner layer to an opposed position against an image carrier which carries an electrostatic latent image; developing the electrostatic latent image with the toner; preventing the convex sections within the surface of the toner carrier roller from carrying toner at an upstream-side end of the restriction nip in a rotation direction of the toner carrier roller; and covering the convex sections with toner which has been carried on the concave section and has partially moved to the convex sections at a downstream side to the restriction nip and at an upstream side to the opposed position against
|
['G03G1508']
|
claim
|
11,232,899
|
[claim] 1. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization method comprising: normalizing the CRC anomaly counter based on a value for a CRC computation period (PERp). 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, upon a change in one or more communications parameters: determining a second value for the CRC computation period value based on the changed communication parameter; and normalizing the CRC anomaly counter based on the second value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the value is in seconds. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the communication parameter is one or more of data rate, Forward Error Correction, interleaving and framing. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: computing a local CRC octet based on a received bit stream; comparing the local CRC octet to a received CRC octet; identifying a CRC anomaly when the local CRC octet is not identical to the received CRC octet. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the normalizing of the CRC anomaly counter comprises incrementing the CRC anomaly counter by a value of M wherein the value M is equal to PERp/K, where K is a positive integer. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein K is equal to 20 or 15. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a Severely Errored Second is declared if there are more than N CRC anomalies in a period of time. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the period is one second. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein N is equal to 18. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising, upon a change in one or more communications parameters: receiving a second value for the CRC computation period value based on the changed communication parameter; and normalizing the CRC anomaly counter based on the second value. 12. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization module designed to normalize a CRC anomaly counter based on a value for a CRC computation period (PERp). 13. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a PERp determination module designed to determine a second value for the CRC computation period value based on a changed communication parameter, wherein the second value is used to normalize the CRC anomaly counter. 14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the value is in seconds. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the communication parameter is one or more of data rate, Forward Error Correction, interleaving and framing. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a CRC bit computation module designed to compute a local CRC octet based on a received bit stream; a CRC bits comparison module designed to compare the local CRC octet to a received CRC octet; and a CRC error reporting module designed to identify a CRC anomaly when the local CRC octet is not identical to the received CRC octet. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the normalizing of the CRC anomaly counter comprises incrementing the CRC anomaly counter by a value of M wherein the value M is equal to PERp/K, where K is a positive integer. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein K is equal to 20 or 15. 19. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein a Severely Errored Second is declared if there are more than N CRC anomalies in a period of time. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the period is one second. 21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein N is equal to 18. 22. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization method comprising: determining a value for a CRC computation period based on at least one communication parameter; and forwarding an indication of a CRC error, the CRC error being counted and normalized by a CRC anomaly counter based on the value. 23. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization method comprising: receiving an indication of one or more CRC errors; receiving a value for a CRC computation period that is based on at least one communication parameter; and updating a CRC anomaly counter based on the value. 24. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization system comprising: means for normalizing the CRC anomaly counter based on a value for a CRC computation period (PERp). 25. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization system comprising: means for determining a value for a CRC computation period based on at least one communication parameter; and means for forwarding an indication of a CRC error, the CRC error being counted and normalized by a CRC anomaly counter based on the value. 26. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization system comprising: means for receiving an indication of one or more CRC errors; means for receiving a value for a CRC computation period that is based on at least one communication parameter; and means for updating a CRC anomaly counter based on the value. 27. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization protocol comprising: normalizing the CRC anomaly counter based on a value for a CRC computation period (PERp). 28. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization protocol comprising: determining a value for a CRC computation period based on at least one communication parameter; and forwarding an indication of a CRC error, the CRC error being counted and normalized by a CRC anomaly counter based on the value. 29. A Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization protocol comprising: receiving an indication of one or more CRC errors; receiving a value for a CRC computation period that is based on at least one communication parameter; and updating a CRC anomaly counter based on the value. 30. An information storage media having instructions stored thereon that when executed perform a Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization comprising: instructions that normalize the CRC anomaly counter based on a value for a CRC computation period (PERp). 31. An information storage media having instructions stored thereon that when executed perform a Cyclic Redundancy Checksum (CRC) anomaly counter normalization comprising: instructions that determine a value for a CRC computation period based
|
['H03M1300']
|
claim
|
12,464,520
|
OPTIMIZED STORAGE AND ACCESS METHOD FOR A HISTORIAN SERVER OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM [SEP] [abstract] Exemplary embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method and a system for the storage and processing of process values of a technical process or a technical installation in a historian server which can be integrated into a process control system of a technical installation or of a technical process. In such a method and system a dedicated signal cache can be associated with every process value for its raw values provided by the process. The raw values provided by the process are stored in the respective signal caches and additional internal signal-individual aggregate accumulators for the desired aggregates are associated with every raw value. The aggregate accumulators are incrementally modified for the defined interval when a new raw value is received.
|
['G06F1730']
|
abstract
|
11,476,188
|
Kerchief [SEP] [abstract] A kerchief member for wearing about the head, the kerchief member having a preformed securing means which is engagable at the rear portion of the wearer's head.
|
['A42B104']
|
abstract
|
11,654,212
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[summary] The present invention provides devices and methods for improving a level of safety to the patient and for providing an increased efficiency of delivery of an aerosol to the patient. References herein to ‘embodiment” or embodiments” means one or more such embodiments, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Embodiments of the invention include a method of treating a patient with a pulmonary disease. One or more embodiments of the method include delivering a dose of aerosolized medicament intermittently to a ventilator circuit coupled to the respirator system of the patient. Embodiments of the invention also include a method of treating a patient with a pulmonary disease by administering to the patient, through a ventilator circuit, a nebulized aerosol comprising from about 100 μg to about 500 mg of a medicament. The efficiency of the method is such that at least 40% of the nebulized aerosol is delivered to the patient. Embodiments of the invention also include a method of treating a patient with a pulmonary disease by taking the patient off a ventilator, and administering to the patient, a nebulized aerosol comprising from about 100 μg to about 500 mg of a medicament. Embodiments of the invention still further include methods of treating a pulmonary disease by administering to a patient a medicament comprising an antibiotic dissolved in an aqueous solution comprising sodium chloride that is adjusted to a pH between 5.5 and 6.3. Embodiments of the invention include one or more methods of administering by nebulization using a vibratable member with apertures, the member configured to produce about 70% or more of aerosol particles with mass mean aerodynamic diameters from about 1 μm to about 7 μm. Embodiments of the invention include one or more methods of administering by nebulization using a vibratable member with apertures, the member configured to produce about 60% or more of aerosol particles with mass mean aerodynamic diameters from about 1 μm to about 5 μm. Embodiments of the invention include one or more methods of administering by nebulization wherein the medicament is administered continuously. Embodiments of the invention include one or more methods of administering by nebulization wherein the medicament is administered intermittently. Embodiments of the invention include one or more methods of administering by nebulization wherein the medicament is administered for a period of less than about one hour. Embodiments of the invention additionally include a method of treating a patient with a pulmonary disease by administering an aerosolized medicament to the patient, and administering a non-aerosolized form, such as systemically, a second medicament to the patient that also treats the pulmonary disease. Embodiments of the invention further include an aerosolized medicament for the treatment of a pulmonary disease. The medicament comprises an aminoglycoside, especially amikacin, mixed with an aqueous solution having an adjusted pH from about 5.5 to about 6.3. The pH may be adjusted by adding hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to the aqueous solution. Embodiments of the invention still further include an aerosolized medicament comprising amikacin mixed with an aqueous solution having a pH from about 5.5 to about 6.3, and wherein the solution is preservative free. Embodiments also include methods of nebulizing a liquid. The method comprises taking one or more breaths and measuring characteristics of the breath. Another breath is taken and an aerosol generator is operated based on the measured characteristics of the one or more measured breaths. Still further embodiments of the invention include methods of providing a nebulizer system comprising a housing, an aerosol generator, a controller coupled to the aerosol generator, and a reservoir in communication with the aerosol generator. In still more embodiments, the present invention provides a nebulizer system comprising a housing that defines a passageway that is adapted to deliver an aerosolized liquid to a user. An aerosol generator is positioned to provide an aerosolized liquid into the passageway. A controller having a memory and a plurality of aerosol generator operation programs that control operation of the aerosol generator is coupled to the aerosol generator. In yet still more embodiments, the present invention provides a nebulizing element positioned to provide nebulized fluid into a ventilator breathing circuit to provide nebulized fluid to a patient receiving air from a ventilator. It will be appreciated that a nebulizing element may also be referred to herein an aerosolization element, and a ventilator may also be referred to herein as a respirator. Embodiments of the invention also provide operation sequences by which aerosol is provided at one or more predetermined points in a breath cycle provided by a ventilator. In one aspect, the present invention provides for an operation sequence in which aerosol production begins at a predetermined point within an inhalation phase, which may also be referred to herein as an inspiratory phase, and stops at a second predetermined point within the same inhalation phase. In another aspect, the present invention provides for an operation sequence, which may be referred to as an operation program, in which aerosol production begins at a predetermined point in an inhalation phase and stops at a point after the inhalation phase has ended, i.e. at a certain point in the exhalation phase. It will be appreciated that the exhalation phase may also be referred to as the expiratory phase, and may encompass the entire period of time during which no inhalation phase is taking place; in other words, the exhalation phase may include not only the actual exhalation of the patient, but also any pause that may occur before or after exhalation. In another aspect, the present invention provides an operation sequence in which aerosolization begins at a predetermined point within the exhalation phase and stops within that exhalation phase, or, alternatively, begins at a predetermined point within an exhalation phase and stops at a predetermined point in the succeeding inhalation phase. Embodiments of the invention also provide for selection of a particular operating sequence from a plurality of available operating sequences. Similarly, the present invention provides for modes of operation, which modes may include one or
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['A61M1100']
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summary
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12,235,463
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[invention] The present invention relates to techniques for correcting errors that can occur when performing character-recognition operations on documents. Character-recognition techniques are widely used to extract information in documents by converting data in an initial format (such as bitmap) into another format (such as ASCII). For example, optical character recognition (OCR) is often used to convert printed text to corresponding digital values, and intelligent character recognition (ICR) is often used to convert handwritten text to corresponding digital values. Unfortunately, the conversion performed by most character-recognition techniques is not perfect, and there is always a finite probability of errors. These errors can significantly complicate and increase the expense of subsequent processing of the extracted information.
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['G06K900' 'G07F1900']
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background
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11,152,874
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[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for providing a phonemail service, and more particularly to a method for providing a phonemail service using wired/wireless communication, which can allow a calling terminal to construct a phonemail message to be transmitted to a called terminal in the form of a plurality of link pages, can easily construct a phonemail message to be transmitted from the calling terminal using an exemplary phonemail message provided from a service provision system, and can allow each recipient to easily recognize meeting places, participants, and opinions of individual members using a variety of functions, e.g., location information, questionnaire information, and bulletin information. 2. Description of the Related Art Recently, with the increasing development of information communication technologies, there has been widely used a network, such as the Internet, capable of allowing a user to communicate with a called party from anywhere the user wishes. Most users of the Internet gain access to the network using computers or wireless mobile communication terminals, and transmit a desired E-mail or phonemail message to a computer or wireless mobile communication terminal of a called party. Current wireless mobile communication terminals, such as hand-held phones, have been designed to basically perform voice communication based on a wireless communication scheme and a Short Message Service (SMS) function capable of performing short text message communication. However, the SMS service for use in the above-mentioned mobile communication terminal can transmit a short text message included in a single page to a called party, and aims to transmit a text message or a voice message to a called party. The size of one-shot data in the short text message included in the single page is relatively less than in an E-mail message for use in a general computer, such that the short text message is unable to correctly transmit caller information transmitted from an individual or company to a called party. When a caller user transmits an E-mail message including general text messages, still images, avatars, and moving images to participants or members of clubs or meetings using a computer, the caller user must confirm whether individual participants or members have received the E-mail message, and must recognize opinions of individual participants or members of the clubs or meetings.
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['H04M1100']
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background
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