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[invention] 1. Technical Field The present application relates generally to an improved data processing system and method. More specifically, the present application is directed to an encryption apparatus and method for providing an encrypted file system. 2. Description of Related Art The Encrypting File System (EFS) is a file system available in Microsoft's Windows 2000™, Windows XP™, Windows Server 2003™, and now Windows Media Center 2005™ operating systems. The EFS technology transparently allows files to be stored encrypted on NT File System (NTFS) or other type file systems to protect confidential data from attackers with physical access to the computer. User authentication and access control lists can protect files from unauthorized access while the operating system is running, but are easily circumvented if an attacker gains physical access to the computer. A solution is to store the files encrypted on the disks of the computer. EFS does this using public key cryptography and aims to ensure that decrypting the files is practically impossible without the correct key. However, EFS does not prevent brute-force attacks against the user account passwords. In other words, file encryption doesn't provide much protection if the account password is easily guessed. With EFS, files and folders that are to be encrypted by the file system must be marked with an encryption attribute. As with file permissions in NTFS, for example, if a folder is marked for encryption then by default all files and subfolders that exist in the folder are also encrypted. When files are copied to another volume that is formatted with another file system (for instance FAT32) then the files and/or folders are decrypted before copying them over to that file system. The only exception is when files are backed up, in which case the files are not decrypted. EFS works by encrypting a file with a bulk symmetric key (also known as the File Encryption Key, or FEK), which is used because it takes a relatively smaller amount of time to encrypt and decrypt large amounts of data than if an asymmetric key cipher is used. The symmetric key that is used to encrypt the file is then encrypted with a public key that is associated with the user who encrypted the file, and this encrypted data is stored in the header of the encrypted file. To decrypt the file, the file system uses the private key of the user to decrypt the symmetric key that is stored in the file header. It then uses the symmetric key to decrypt the file. Because this is done at the file system level, it is transparent to the user. More information regarding Microsoft's EFS may be obtained from Wikipedia at www.wikipedia.org and Microsoft at www.microsoft.com. The encryption used by EFS is referred to as Electronic Code Book (ECB) encryption. With ECB encryption, a block of data that is the length of the encryption key, e.g., 56 bits, 128 bits, or the like, is encrypted with the encryption key using an encryption algorithm such as Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), or the like. ECB encryption is shown conceptually in FIG. 1 . As shown in FIG. 1 , a block of plaintext 110 is input along with the encryption key 120 to an encryption algorithm 130 . The encryption algorithm 130 encrypts the plaintext 110 using the encryption key 120 to generate a first cipher text 140 . This type of encryption is performed for each block of plaintext 110 , 150 and 160 to generate cipher texts 140 , 170 and 180 that are part of a sequence of encrypted data blocks that comprise the encrypted file 190 . Using the ECB encryption methodology, a cryptanalyst can break the encryption without ever discovering the encryption key 120 . The weakness in this method is due to cribs, i.e. known plaintext, and stereotypical beginnings and endings. For example, if the cryptanalyst knows that a mail message begins with “To:Bob” and the cipher is “oxG29vq”, then on all other messages, when the cryptanalyst encounters “oxG29vq”, the cryptanalyst will know that the plaintext is “To:Bob”. Because of this vulnerability, most security systems, such as IPsec, ssh, etc., do not use ECB. ECB encryption is used with known Encrypted File Systems because of the speed at which the encryption mechanism may be applied to plaintext. That is, if a change is necessary to a portion of a file in an Encrypted File System, the portion of the file that needs to be modified may be quickly decrypted, modified, and re-encrypted, since each block of plaintext is encrypted independent of each other block of plaintext. However, as mentioned above, ECB encryption has inherent weaknesses with regard to the ability to generate mappings between cipher text and plaintext. More elaborate, and more secure encryption methodologies, are not used in known Encrypted File Systems because they require that the entire file, or a significant portion of the file, be decrypted, modified, and then re-encrypted every time the slightest change is made to a file. Such encryption mechanisms create significant performance penalties that are not suitable for use with an Encrypted File System.
|
['H04L906']
|
background
|
11,089,987
|
Method and apparatus for extending operations of an application in a data processing system [SEP] [abstract] A method, an apparatus, and computer instructions are provided for extending operations of an application in a data processing system. A primary operation is executed. All extended operations of the primary operation are cached and pre and post operation identifiers are identified. For each pre operation identifier, a pre operation instance is created and executed. For each post operation identifier, a post operation instance is created and executed.
|
['G06F946']
|
abstract
|
12,496,605
|
Compounds and Pharmaceutical Compositions for the Treatment of Viral Infections [SEP] [abstract] Provided herein are compounds, compositions and methods for the treatment of liver disorder, including HCV infections. Specifically, compound and compositions of nucleoside derivatives are disclosed, which can be administered either alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents.
|
['A61K3821' 'C07H2100' 'A61K3170' 'A61K31708']
|
abstract
|
12,545,948
|
[claim] 1. A radio network controller, comprising: a controller configured to determine available information rate for communication, via a first base station, between a plurality of terminals and a second base station based on link capacity information for wireless communication between the first base station and the second base station, and to control each of information rates for the communication between the plurality of terminals and the second base station, based on the available information rate, the plurality of terminals and the first base station being in a mobile object, the second base station being outside the mobile object, wherein the controller infers a prospective base station outside the mobile object with which the first base station would communicate, and controls the information rates based on prospective link capacity information for communication between the first base station and the prospective base station. 2. The radio network controller according to claim 1, wherein the controller determines a prospectively available information rate for the communication between the plurality of terminals and the prospective bases station based on the prospective link capacity information. 3. The radio network controller according to claim 1, wherein the prospective base station is inferred by estimating a prospective route that the mobile object would follow. 4. The radio network controller according to claim 3, wherein the prospective route is estimated by at least one of a predetermined time schedule, a predetermined route schedule, or information obtained from a global positioning system. 5. A method, comprising: providing a plurality of terminals and a first base station in a mobile object, providing a second base station outside the mobile object; and determining available information rate for communication between the plurality of terminals and the second base station based on link capacity information for wireless communication between the first base station and the second base station; and controlling each of information rates for the communication between the plurality of terminals and the second base station based on the available information rate, inferring a prospective base station outside the mobile object with which the first base station would communicate, controlling the information rates based on prospective link capacity information for communication between the first base station and the prospective base station. 6. The method according to claim 5 further comprising determining a prospectively available information rate for the communication between the plurality of terminals and the first bases station based on the prospective link capacity information. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the prospective base station is inferred by estimating a prospective route that the mobile object would follow. 8. The method according to claims 7, wherein the prospective route is estimated by at least one of a predetermined time schedule, a predetermined route schedule, or information obtained from a global positioning system in the step of inferring the prospective base station.
|
['H04B700']
|
claim
|
12,288,114
|
Modular form for building a preinsulated, roughly finished concrete wall and method of building a structure therewith [SEP] [abstract] A system of building modules that may readily be assembled into wall structures that, when filled with concrete forms an insulated, roughly-finished wall structure ready to receive both exterior and interior wall treatments. The building modules may readily be assembled by relatively untrained personnel and forms walls typically having an overall R-value in the range of approximately 30. The novel building modules eliminate the need for setting traditional concrete forms and of finishing a bare concrete wall. The modules are provided in various lengths, the lengths typically being multiples of 16 inches.
|
['E04B286']
|
abstract
|
11,411,969
|
[description] The preferred embodiment provides a multi-nodal (MN) APS 1+1 system architecture and control protocol. The protocol is light-weight and has low-overhead which reduces user traffic interruption due to a chassis failure, and minimizes system CPU usage. Efficiency is particularly important because the MN-APS control protocol is a high priority CPU task. Greater efficiency of this task allows for shorter intervals of communications between MN-APS peers, which decreases switchover times in response to failures, thereby reducing the duration and magnitude of traffic disruptions. In an MN-APS 1+1 architecture, the remote working node and the remote protection node of an MN-APS group need to synchronize their MN-APS states and liveliness via a signaling protocol. Such a signaling protocol ideally is efficient and light-weight so that with little system CPU usage, an MN-APS node can switchover traffic with minimum traffic loss even with a large number of MN-APS groups. Referring to FIG. 2, an example configuration of MN-APS 1+1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is discussed in terms of structure. A local node 210 having
|
['H04J314']
|
detailed_description
|
12,323,901
|
SYSTEM FOR STORING, ACCESSING AND AUTOMATICALLY UPDATING DOCUMENTS [SEP] [abstract] Systems and processes are provided that relate to storing, accessing, searching, and automatically updating of secure documents stored on a USB device. The systems and processes include a USB device that stores a document set, a web service that provides updated documents for the document set, and a content management application that uploads the updated documents to the web service.
|
['G06F1300' 'G06F1200' 'G06F300']
|
abstract
|
12,365,720
|
[description] For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the invention, the accompanying drawings and description illustrate a preferred embodiment thereof, from which the invention, its structures, its construction and operation, its processes, and many related advantages may be readily understood and appreciated. FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of a ribbon guide. FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the ribbon guide shown in FIG. 1, connected to an end portion of a thin film thermal ribbon. FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a method for installing the thermal ribbon in a thermal printer. FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a path taken by the ribbon guide and the thermal ribbon through a thermal printer.
|
['B41J3200']
|
detailed_description
|
12,649,789
|
Smokeless Tobacco Articles [SEP] [abstract] Tobacco articles having tobacco disposed in a porous matrix. The tobacco articles can provide tobacco to an adult consumer in the form of particles, liquid, or vapor so as to furnish tobacco satisfaction to the consumer. The tobacco can be integrally molded with a plastic material so that at least a portion of the tobacco is disposed in pores of the matrix.
|
['A24C118' 'A24B1500']
|
abstract
|
11,265,384
|
[invention] It will be appreciated that the shrouds are subject to vibration due to the pressure pulses of the hot gases as each blade or bucket passes the shroud. Moreover, because of this proximity to high-speed rotation of the buckets, the vibration may be at or near resonant frequencies and thus requires damping to maintain life expectancy during long-term commercial operation of the turbine. Ceramic matrix composites offer advantages as a material of choice for shrouds in a turbine for interfacing with the hot gas path. The ceramic composites offer high material temperature capability. Ceramic composites, however, are difficult to attach and have failure mechanisms such as wear, oxidation due to ionic transfer with metal, stress concentration and damage to the ceramic composite when configuring the composite for attachment to the metallic components. U.S. application Ser. Nos. 10/700,251 and 10/793,051 provide an attachment mechanism between a ceramic composite shroud and a metallic support structure which utilizes the pressure distribution applied to the shroud, coupled with a loading on the shroud to tune the shroud to minimize damaging vibratory response from pressure pulses of the hot gases as the buckets pass the shrouds.
|
['F04D2908']
|
background
|
11,115,834
|
Motor clutch for window regulator motor [SEP] [abstract] A clutch assembly for a window regulator motor includes a gear housing with a helical gear disposed in the gear housing. The helical gear includes first and second circumferential surfaces. An opposing pair of slots is formed through the first circumferential surface of the helical gear. A cushion is coupled to the helical gear. A cushion plate is in turn connected to the cushion. A pair of spaced locking pawls is pivotally attached to the helical gear and extends through he pair of slots formed through the first circumferential surface. The cushion plate includes a cam section formed thereon. The cam section contacts one of the pair of locking pawls in response to rotation between the helical gear and cushion plate wherein the locking pawl engages a gear housing preventing movement of the helical gear.
|
['F16H5710']
|
abstract
|
11,741,544
|
[claim] 1. A method of managing at least one preferred channel in a terminal receiving a digital broadcast, the method comprising: displaying a preferred channel management menu; displaying a preferred channel registering menu upon selection of a specific icon on the preferred channel management menu, the preferred channel registering menu comprising preferred channel information arranged as a plurality of cells in a table format; mapping a number corresponding to a selected specific one of the plurality of cells to currently viewed channel information; and storing the mapped information. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the specific one of the plurality of cells is selected by a pointer moved on the preferred channel registering menu. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying the mapped channel information. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a modification menu if channel information is already mapped to the selected specific one of the plurality of cells, the modification menu allowing modification of the mapped information. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the preferred channel information comprises at least one of a television broadcast channel, a radio broadcast channel, and a data channel. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising displaying the television broadcast channel, the radio broadcast channel, and the data channel as different colors. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the preferred channel information comprises information corresponding to a current position of the terminal. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital broadcast is received according to at least one specification corresponding to digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB), digital video broadcasting-handheld (DVB-H), and forward link only (FLO). 9. A method of managing at least one preferred channel in a terminal receiving a digital broadcast, the method comprising: displaying a preferred channel management menu; displaying a preferred channel list menu upon selection of a specific icon on the preferred channel management menu, the preferred channel list menu comprising preferred channel information arranged as a plurality of cells in a table format; selecting one of the plurality of cells of the preferred channel list menu; and performing a selected function related to preferred channel information mapped to a number corresponding to the selected one of the plurality of cells. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one of the plurality of cells is selected by a pointer moved on the preferred channel list menu. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected function comprises receiving a broadcast of a channel corresponding to the mapped preferred channel information. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the mapped preferred channel information comprises at least one of a television broadcast channel, a radio broadcast channel and a data channel. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising displaying the television broadcast channel, the radio broadcast channel, and the data channel as different colors. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the selected function comprises at least partially deleting the mapped preferred channel information. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the preferred channel information arranged as a plurality of cells comprises information corresponding to a current position of the terminal. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein the preferred channel information arranged as a plurality of cells comprises an indication of current viewability. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the indication of current viewability is a color. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising displaying information related to a currently unviewable channel that is viewable via a channel re-search. 19. The method of claim 9, further comprising displaying the mapped preferred channel information. 20. A terminal receiving a digital broadcast and managing at least one preferred channel, the terminal comprising: a broadcast receiving unit receiving the digital broadcast; an input unit receiving an input from a user; a display unit displaying information; a memory unit storing information; and a control unit controlling the display unit to display a preferred channel management menu and one of a preferred channel registering menu and a preferred channel list menu according to an icon selected on the preferred channel management menu, the preferred channel registering menu and preferred channel list menu comprising preferred channel information arranged as a plurality of cells in a table format, wherein the control unit maps a number corresponding to a selected specific one of the plurality of cells of the preferred channel registering menu to currently viewed channel information and stores the mapped information and wherein the control unit performs a selected function related to preferred channel information mapped to a number corresponding to a selected one of the plurality of cells of the preferred channel list menu. 21. The terminal of claim 20, wherein the control unit selects the specific one of the plurality of cells of the preferred channel registering menu and the preferred channel list menu according to a pointer moved in response to a signal received via the input unit. 22. The terminal of claim 21, wherein the input unit comprises a keypad. 23. The terminal of claim 22r wherein the signal is generated using a direction key. 24. The terminal of claim 22, wherein the signal is generated using a numeral key. 25. The terminal of claim 21, wherein the input unit comprises a touch panel. 26. The terminal of claim 20, wherein the control unit controls the display unit to display the channel information mapped to the number corresponding to the selected specific one of the plurality of cells of the preferred channel registering menu. 27. The terminal of claim 20, wherein the control unit controls the display unit to display a modification menu if channel information is already mapped to the selected specific one of the plurality of cells of the preferred channel registering menu, the modification menu allowing modification of the mapped information. 28. The terminal of claim 20, wherein the preferred channel information arranged as a plurality of cells in a table format comprises at least one of a television broadcast channel, a radio broadcast channel, and a
|
['G06F1300' 'G06F300' 'H04N5445']
|
claim
|
11,418,222
|
[summary] Some embodiments of the present invention provide a launchable figurine and a drive mechanism for launching a figurine. The drive mechanism can include a housing supporting a rotary drive having a drive shaft supporting a drive gear. The rotary drive can also include a driven shaft supporting a driven gear, which can be drivingly engaged with the drive gear to receive rotational motion from the drive gear, and can be operable to transfer rotational motion to the figurine. In some embodiments, the invention also provides a launchable figurine and a drive mechanism having a locking device. The drive mechanism can include a housing supporting a rotary drive and one or more stops selectively engageable with the rotary drive to prevent or limit rotation of the rotary drive with respect to the housing. In some embodiments, the locking device can prevent launching of the figurine when one or more stops are engaged with the rotary drive. In addition, some embodiments of the present invention provide a method of using a drive mechanism to launch a figurine. The drive mechanism can include a rotary drive and a locking device operable to prevent rotational movement of the rotary drive when the drive mechanism is oriented in a non-preferred orientation. The method can include moving the drive mechanism from a non-preferred orientation toward a preferred orientation, drivingly connecting the figurine to the drive mechanism, moving the locking device from a locked position in which the locking device prevents rotational movement of the rotary drive toward an unlocked position in which the locking device is moved away from the rotary drive, and transferring rotational motion from the rotary drive to the figurine. Some embodiments of the present invention provide a drive mechanism for launching a figurine. The drive mechanism can include a housing, a rotary drive supported in the housing and being drivingly engageable with the figurine for launching the figurine outwardly from the housing, and a locking element movable between a locked position, in which the locking element engages the rotary drive to prevent movement of the rotary drive with respect to the housing, and an unlocked position, in which the locking member is moved away from the rotary drive. The present invention also provides a method of operating a drive mechanism having a housing and a rotary drive supported in the housing. The method can include the acts of engaging a figurine with the rotary drive and moving the housing and the figurine together toward a first orientation with respect to ground to move a locking element into engagement with the rotary drive to prevent movement of the rotary drive with respect to the housing. The method can also include the acts of moving the housing and the figurine together toward a second orientation with respect to the ground to move the locking element away from the rotary element and launching the figurine upwardly away from the housing. In addition, the present invention provides a method of operating a drive mechanism of a flying toy. The method can include the acts of providing a housing at least partially supporting a rotary drive, engaging a figurine with the rotary drive, and engaging the rotary drive with a locking element to prevent rotation of the rotary drive with respect to the housing when a longitudinal axis of the figurine is oriented at an angle with respect to ground that is less than a predetermined acute angle. The method can also include the acts of disengaging the locking element from the rotary drive to allow rotation of the rotary drive with respect to the housing when the longitudinal axis of the figurine is substantially normal to the ground, and launching the figurine upwardly away from the housing. Other aspects of the invention will become apparent by consideration of the detailed description and accompanying drawings.
|
['A63H2714']
|
summary
|
12,124,271
|
[summary] The invention is based on the discovery that a fluoropolymer fiber spinning composition of aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion having a low surfactant content, containing an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant having a 20% residuals temperature determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of less than about 290° C., and being essentially free of surfactants containing aromatic groups, can provide significant advantages in producing fluoropolymer fibers. The present invention provides a process for dispersion spinning non-melt-processible fluoropolymer fiber in which a mixture of an aqueous dispersion of non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer particles and an aqueous solution of matrix polymer is formed. The non melt-processible particles have an SSG of less than about 2.40. The aqueous dispersion contains an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant having a 20% residuals temperature determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of less than about 290° C. and is essentially free of surfactants containing aromatic groups. The dispersion has a fluorinated surfactant content of less than about 300 ppm. The mixture is extruded into a coagulation bath containing a concentration of ions which coagulate the matrix polymer to form an intermediate fiber structure. The intermediate fiber structure is sintered to decompose the matrix polymer and coalesce the non-melt-processible fluoropolymer particles to form the fiber. The present invention also provides a spinning composition useful for the dispersion spinning of non-melt-processible fluoropolymer fiber. The composition comprises a mixture of an aqueous solution of a matrix polymer and an aqueous dispersion of non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene particles having an SSG of less than about 2.40. The aqueous dispersion contains an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant having a 20% residuals temperature determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of less than about 290° C. and is essentially free of surfactants containing aromatic groups. The dispersion has a fluorinated surfactant content of less than about 300 ppm. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the 20% residuals temperature determined by TGA of said aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate employed in the non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion is less than about 285° C., most preferably less than about 280° C. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the five minute foam height determined by ASTM D 1173-53 of the aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant employed in the non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion is less than about 100 mm, more preferably less than about 50 mm, and most preferably less than about 20 mm. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a process for dispersion spinning non-melt-processible fluoropolymer fiber in which a mixture of an aqueous dispersion of non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene fluoropolymer particles and an aqueous solution of matrix polymer is formed. The non melt-processible particles have an SSG of less than about 2.40. The aqueous dispersion contains an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant having a thermal decomposition temperature determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of less than about 250° C. and is essentially free of surfactants containing aromatic groups. The dispersion has a fluorinated surfactant content of less than about 300 ppm. The mixture is extruded into a coagulation bath containing a concentration of ions which coagulate the matrix polymer to form an intermediate fiber structure. The intermediate fiber structure is sintered to decompose the matrix polymer and coalesce the non-melt-processible fluoropolymer particles to form the fiber. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a spinning composition useful for the dispersion spinning of non-melt-processible fluoropolymer fiber. The composition comprises a mixture of an aqueous solution of a matrix polymer and an aqueous dispersion of non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene particles having an SSG of less than about 2.40. The aqueous dispersion contains an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant having a thermal decomposition temperature determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of less than about 250° C. and is essentially free of surfactants containing aromatic groups. The dispersion has a fluorinated surfactant content of less than about 300 ppm. In a more preferred embodiments of this form of the invention, the thermal decomposition temperature determined by TGA of said aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate employed in the non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion is less than about 240° C., most preferably less than about 230° C. In accordance with a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an aqueous dispersion is provided which comprises non-melt-processible polytetrafluoroethylene or modified polytetrafluoroethylene particles having an SSG of less than about 2.40. The aqueous dispersion contains an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactant, the aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant being an ethoxylate of 2,6,8-trimethyl-4-nananol and having a five minute foam height determined by ASTM D 1173-53 of less than about 20 mm.
|
['C08K505']
|
summary
|
11,133,016
|
[claim] 1. A method for monitoring packet protection quality, comprising: initializing a current sliding window comprising a current sliding window length, said current sliding window comprising an adaptive window; measuring a current delay window length of a current delay window by monitoring a difference between a leading path counter and a trailing path counter; and identifying a quality degradation condition in response to a determination that said current delay window length exceeds said current sliding window length. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: modifying said current sliding window length in response to said determination that said current delay window length exceeds said current sliding window length, said current sliding window length modified such that said current delay window length is less than said current sliding window length. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: measuring a leading path quality associated with said leading path; measuring a trailing path quality associated with said trailing path; and identifying a path quality degradation condition in response to at least one of: determining that said leading path quality measure crosses a leading path quality threshold; and determining that said trailing path quality measure crosses a trailing path quality threshold. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein said measuring a leading path quality comprises: determining a number of lost packets; determining a protection quality tolerance; and computing said leading path quality measure using said number of lost packets and said protection quality tolerance. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein said leading path quality threshold is determined using said current sliding window length and a protection quality tolerance, wherein said protection quality tolerance is inversely proportional to a packet protection quality measure. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein said measuring a trailing path quality comprises: determining a current value of said current delay window length; determining a previous value of said current delay window length; and computing said trailing path quality measure using a ratio between said current value of said current delay window length and said previous value of said current delay window length. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein said leading path quality threshold is determined using a protection quality tolerance, wherein said protection quality tolerance is inversely proportional to a packet protection quality measure. 8. The method of claim 3, further comprising: initiating at least one countermeasure in response to at least one of said quality degradation condition and said path quality degradation condition, said at least one countermeasure operable for improving a packet protection quality measure. 9. The method of claim 3, further comprising: initiating at least one notification in response to at least one of said quality degradation condition and said path quality degradation condition. 10. The method of claim 3, wherein said leading path quality threshold and said trailing path quality threshold are configured in a manner such that said path quality degradation condition is detected before said quality degradation condition. 11. A method for monitoring packet protection quality, comprising: establishing a packet protection quality measure; converting said protection quality measure into a protection quality tolerance, said protection quality tolerance comprising a number of consecutive packets for which loss is acceptable; computing a protection quality tolerance threshold using said protection quality tolerance; and identifying an overall quality degradation condition in response to a determination that a number of consecutive packets lost exceeds said protection quality tolerance threshold. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising: initializing a current sliding window comprising a current sliding window length, said current sliding window comprising an adaptive window; measuring a current delay window length of a current delay window by monitoring a difference between a leading path counter and a trailing path counter; and identifying a quality degradation condition in response to a determination that said current delay window length exceeds said current sliding window length. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising: modifying said current sliding window length in response to said determination that said current delay window length exceeds said current sliding window length, said current sliding window length modified such that said current delay window length is less than said current sliding window length. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: measuring a leading path quality associated with said leading path; measuring a trailing path quality associated with said trailing path; and identifying a path quality degradation condition in response to at least one of: determining that said leading path quality measure crosses a leading path quality threshold; and determining that said trailing path quality measure crosses a trailing path quality threshold. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: initiating at least one countermeasure in response to at least one of said overall quality degradation condition, said quality degradation condition, and said path quality degradation condition, said at least one countermeasure operable for improving said packet protection quality. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising: initiating at least one notification in response to at least one of said overall quality degradation condition, said quality degradation condition, and said path quality degradation condition. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein said protection quality threshold, said leading path quality threshold, and said trailing path quality threshold are configured in a manner such that said path quality degradation condition is detected before said quality degradation condition. 18. A method, comprising: measuring a leading path quality associated with a leading path; measuring a trailing path quality associated with a trailing path; and identifying a path quality degradation condition in response to at least one of: determining that said leading path quality measure crosses a leading path quality threshold; and determining that said trailing path quality measure crosses a trailing path quality threshold. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said measuring a leading path quality comprises: determining a number of lost packets; determining a protection quality tolerance; and computing said leading path quality measure using said number of lost packets and said protection quality tolerance. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein said measuring a trailing
|
['H04L1256']
|
claim
|
11,335,669
|
[description] In the general formula (1), a C1-8 alkyl group represented by R includes linear and branched alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopenty, n-hexyl, isohexyl, n-heptyl, and n-octyl groups. Of these groups, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, and n-octyl groups are particularly preferred. A C3-8 alkenyl group represented by R includes linear and branched alkenyl groups such as vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl groups. A C3-8 alkynyl group represented by R includes linear and branched alkynyl groups such as propargyl and butynyl groups. A C3-7 cycloalkyl group represented by R includes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl groups. More preferable examples of a C3-7 cycloalkyl-C1-8 alkyl group represented by R include C3-7cycloalkyl-C1-4alkyl groups, concretely including cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl, and cyclohexylpropyl groups. Of these groups, cyclohexylmethyl groups are particularly preferred. A C6-10 aryl group represented by R includes phenyl and naphthyl groups. Of these groups, naphthyl groups are particularly preferred. Preferable examples of a C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl group represented by R include C6-10 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups. Phenyl-C1-4 alkyl and naphthyl-C1-4 alkyl groups are more preferred. Concrete examples thereof include benzyl, phenethyl, phenylpropyl, phenylbutyl, naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl, and naphthyl propyl groups. Of these groups, phenyl-C1-4 alkyl groups are more preferred, and benzyl groups are particularly preferred. The C6-10 aryl moiety in the C6-10 aryl-C1-8 alkyl group may be substituted with one or two selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, an amino group, a di-C1-4 alkylamino group, a C1-4 alkyl group, a C1-4 alkoxy group, a benzyloxy group, a phenylsulfonylmethyl group, and a C1-4 alkanesulfonyloxy group. In this context, the halogen atom includes chlorine, bromine, and fluorine atoms. The di-C1-4 alkylamino group includes dimethylamino, diethylamino, and diisopropyl amino groups. The C1-4 alkyl group includes methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl groups. The C1-4 alkoxy group includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, and butoxy groups. The C1-4 alkanesulfonyloxy group includes methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, and propanesulfonyloxy groups. More preferably, these substituents on the aryl moiety are one or two selected from a halogen atom, a nitro group, and a C1-4 alkyl group. The substituents are still more preferably a halogen atom, particularly preferably a chlorine atom. Preferable examples of a C6-10 aryl-oxy-C1-8 alkyl group represented by R include C6-10 aryl-oxy-C1-4 alkyl groups. Phenyl-oxy-C1-4 alkyl groups are more preferred. Concrete examples thereof include phenyloxymethyl, phenyloxyethyl, phenyloxypropyl, and phenyloxybutyl groups. Of these groups, phenyloxyethyl and phenyloxypropyl groups are particularly preferred. The C6-10 aryl moiety in the C6-10 aryl-oxy-C1-8 alkyl group may be substituted with one or two selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, an amino group, a di-C1-4 alkylamino group, a C1-4 alkyl group, a C1-4 alkoxy group, a benzyloxy group, a phenylsulfonylmethyl group, and a C1-4 alkanesulfonyloxy group. In this context, the halogen atom includes chlorine, bromine, and fluorine atoms. The di-C1-4 alkylamino group includes dimethylamino, diethylamino, and diisopropylamino groups. The C1-4alkyl group includes methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl groups. The C1-4 alkoxy group includes methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, and butoxy groups. The C1-4 alkanesulfonyloxy group includes methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, and propanesulfonyloxy groups. Preferably, these substituents on the aryl moiety are a halogen atom, particularly preferably a chlorine atom. Preferable examples of a pyridyl-C1-8 alkyl group represented by R include pyridyl-C1-4 alkyl groups, concretely including pyridylmethyl, pyridylethyl, and pyridylpropyl groups. More preferable examples of a C1-8 alkoxycarbonyl-C1-8 alkyl group include C1-4 alkoxycarbonyl-C1-4 alkyl groups, concretely including methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, propoxycarbonylmethyl, methoxycarbonylethyl, and ethoxycarbonylethyl groups. Preferable examples of a carboxy-C1-8 alkyl group include carboxy-C1-4 alkyl groups, concretely including carboxymethyl and carboxyethyl groups. A salt of the benzoic acid derivative includes: alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts; alkaline-earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts; organic basic salts such as ammonium salts and trialkylamine salts; salts of mineral acids such as hydrochloride and sulfate; and salts of organic acids such as acetate. The benzoic acid derivative of the present invention may be a solvate typified by a hydrate. It is preferred that the benzoic acid derivative or the salt thereof of the present invention should be represented by the general formula (1), wherein A represents an oxygen atom, more preferably wherein X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, still more preferably wherein R represents a C1-8 alkyl group or a C6-10 aryl-oxy-C1-8 alkyl group. In light of PPARα selectivity, a compound selected from 3-[3-[N-(Benzoxazol-2-yl)-N-3-(4-chlorophenoxy) ethyl]aminopropoxy]benzoic acid, 2-[5-[N-(Benzoxazol-2-yl)-N-isopropyl]aminopentylthio]benzoic acid, 2-[5-[N-(Benzoxazol-2-yl)-N-n-butyl]aminopentylthio]benzoic acid, 2-[5-[N-(Benzoxazol-2-yl)-N-n-pentyl]aminopentylthio]benzoic acid, and salts thereof is particularly preferred. The compound of the present invention can be obtained by, for example, manufacturing methods shown by reaction schemes A and B described below. (in the formula, A, R, and m represent the same as above; R1 represents a C1-8 alkyl group; Y represents a halogen atom; and Z represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or an NH group.) The manufacturing method shown by the reaction scheme A yields a compound (1a) of the present invention in the following steps: a monohalide (a) is obtained by the method described in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (30 (5), pp 1579-1587, 1982) and then reacted with hydroxybenzoate or mercaptobenzoate; the resulting phthalimide (b) is treated with hydrazine to give an amine (c); this amine (c) is reacted with 2-halo-benzoazole to give a benzoazole (d); the benzoazole (d) is then reacted with any alkyl halide to give an ester (e); and the ester (e) is hydrolyzed to give the compound (1a) The first step (A-1) is achieved by dissolving the monohalide (a) in a solvent such as DMF, THF, dioxane, or acetonitrile, which is then treated with required amounts of an inorganic base such as potassium carbonate (K2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), or cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) and an organic base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine and subsequently with a required amount of hydroxybenzoate or mercaptobenzoate, and then heated at room temperature to a temperature around the boiling point of the solvent with stirring for several hours to 24 hours. The ester is appropriately selected from tert-butyl ester, ethyl ester, methyl ester, and the
|
['A61K314439' 'A61K31428' 'A61K31423' 'A61K314184']
|
detailed_description
|
12,176,169
|
[claim] 1. A graphical user interface (GUI) application embodied on a computer readable medium, which when executed on a processor performs a method comprising: receiving a playlist comprising a plurality of content of a plurality of different formats; and enabling a presenter to seamlessly deliver a presentation of said plurality of content to an audience. 2. The GUI of claim 1, wherein said receiving comprises: receiving by a drag and drop interaction with a user said plurality of content being dropped on the GUI. 3. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: allowing a change in order of said content of said playlist by drag and drop interaction of the user. 4. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: providing a preview display for the presenter to view what the audience will see, wherein said preview display comprises at least one of: a picture in a picture window; a blank shade; or a fullscreen window. 5. The GUI of claim 1, wherein said enabling comprises: receiving from the presenter an indication to proceed from a currently presented content of said plurality of content, to another of said plurality of content; identifying a format of said plurality of different formats, associated with the another of said plurality of content; activating in the background an instance of an application associated with the another of said plurality of content; and delivering for display using a common user interface the another of said plurality of content for viewing by the audience, once said instance is activated and the another said plurality of content is ready for display. 6. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the presenter comprises at least one of: a creator; a teacher; a sales person; a business person; a professor; a filmmaker; a student; a trainer; a speaker; a homemaker a user; a worship leader; a pastor; a medical professional; an accountant; a certified public accountant (CPA); a legal professional; a government Employee; a military serviceman; a politician; a volunteer; a non-profit employee; an employee; an artist; a musician; a writer; a graphic designer; a broadcaster; a gamer; a virtual persona; an avatar; a podcaster; a spammer; a blogger; a disc jockey; a web designer; a software developer; an entrepreneur; an athlete; a coach; a administrator; a sole proprietor; a marketer; a network marketer; a scientist; an administrative assistant; a researcher; an executive; an analyst; a research analyst; a broadcaster; a video disc jockey; and a theater operator. 7. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: interacting with an online collaboration service enabling at least one of: sharing of content among a plurality of users; storing of said playlist of said plurality of content; storing said plurality of content; viewing a published presentation of said playlist of said plurality of content; providing content to another user; receiving content from another user; providing presence information about a user; or providing relevance information about a user. 8. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: providing relevance information about a user. 9. The GUI of claim 8, wherein said providing relevance information comprises at least one of: providing presence information; providing a user identifier of the viewing user; providing a delivery format associated with a viewing device of a viewing user; providing an availability of the viewing user; providing a location of the viewing user; providing a security level of the viewing user; providing status information of the viewing user; or providing an encryption level of the viewing user. 10. The GUI of claim 1, wherein said plurality of different format types of said plurality of content comprises: video content; audio content; audio-visual content; image based content; streaming content; spreadsheet content; still content; animated content; movie content; programming content; television content; digital versatile disk (DVD) content; portable document format (PDF) content; rich media website content; WEB 2.0 content; WEB 3.0 content; Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP) content; broadcast content; FLASH-based content; slide show content; presentation slide content; MS POWERPOINT content; BLOGs; sales information content; web-based content; xML or HTML content; distance learning content; product information content; multimedia content; corporate communications content; network marketing content; collaborative meeting content; online community content; social networking content; virtual world content; instant messaging content; electronic mail content; messaging content; SMS and MMS messaging content; music content; sound effects content; stock photo content; background content; online presentation content; or podcast content. 11. The GUI of claim 1, wherein said enabling comprises: providing a presenter view of said plurality of content; or providing an audience view of said plurality of content. 12. The GUI of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises: providing advertising content to the presenter. 13. The GUI of claim 12, wherein said providing advertising comprises at least one of: providing advertising targeted at the presenter; providing sponsored advertising; providing banner advertising; or providing reach media format advertising. 14. The GUI of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises: providing a media store for purchase of content by the presenter. 15. The GUI of claim 1, wherein said method further comprises: providing a media store for purchase by the presenter of licensed content owned by third parties including content affiliates. 16. The GUI of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: delivering interactively by the presenter, for display using a common user interface content for viewing by the audience, comprising at least one of: identifying a device format of the audience; formatting said content for said device format; or delivering said content in said device format to the audience. 17. The GUI of claim 16, wherein said device format comprises at least one of: a personal digital assistant format; a browser format; a computer display format; a communications device display format; a telephony device display format; a display device format; a VGA format; a SVGA format; an XVGA format; a megapel format; an HDTV format; a DVI format; an NTSC format; or a PAL format. 18. A method for formatting content on a distributed computing environment, the method comprising
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['G06Q3000' 'G06F3048' 'G06F1730']
|
claim
|
11,295,143
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to image processing. In particular, this invention relates to a method and apparatus for unsupervised learning of discriminative edge measures for vehicle matching between images from non-overlapping cameras. 2. Description of the Related Art Visual object recognition is an important component of image processing for matching a movable object between two non-overlapping cameras, and prior research and development has provided a number of mechanisms for performing such visual object recognition. For example, visual object recognition may be determined as a function of (i) edge-based object matching, and (ii) learning robust and discriminative measures for classification. Object matching using edge features has proven to be reliable. For example, edge features have been used to detect traffic signs and pedestrians, and even recognize hand gestures. Examples of prior edge-based match measures include Chamfer distance, Hausdorff distance, and Earth Mover's distance. In addition, both edge locations and edge orientations may be used to define a combined edge measure, which may be used to improve performance of the matching and classification. A SIFT descriptor may use aggregated measures computed from both gradient orientation and magnitude so as to tolerate slight location errors. Despite the prior research and development, two issues related to edge-based measures exist. These issues include robustness and feature selection and combination. Many prior works have disclosed using clean edge maps for at least one of two edge maps. Truncated Chamfer distance or robust Hausdorff distance, for instance, may work for when one edge map is clean, but not when both edge maps are not clean. The issues of feature selection and combination of discriminative edge measures focus on maximizing the overall classification performance. To address this, others have used learning discriminative image features with a limited set of labeled data based on a semi-supervised learning approach. In addition, others have addressed on-line selection of discriminative color features for tracking. In this case, learning is based on a set of foreground pixels and background pixels labeled by the tracker with a “center-surround” approach. However, a result can be biased by pixels that are incorrectly labeled. Therefore, there is a need in the art for a method and apparatus that provides for unsupervised learning of discriminative edge measure for vehicle matching between non-overlapping cameras that is unsupervised and does not involve a fixed label set.
|
['G06K962' 'G06K900']
|
background
|
11,635,498
|
Method for forming metal bumps [SEP] [abstract] A method for forming metal bumps is disclosed. Steps of the method include supplying a substrate containing a plurality of pads; forming a first photoresist layer on the substrate, herein the first photoresist layer covers the pads; performing a planarization step to remove a portion of the first photoresist layer so as to expose the pads; forming a conductive layer on the first photoresist layer and the pads; electroplating a metal layer on the conductive layer; forming a patterned second photoresist layer on the metal layer; a portion of the metal layer and the conductive layer which are not covered by the patterned second photoresist layer is removed by using the patterned second photoresist layer as a mask; removing the patterned second photoresist layer; and forming a solder mask on the substrate, wherein the solder mask has a plurality of openings to expose the metal layer located on the pads.
|
['H01L2144']
|
abstract
|
12,473,265
|
[invention] The present disclosure is related to lithography, and more particularly to the design and manufacture of a surface which may be a reticle, a wafer, or any other surface, using variable shaped beam (VSB) charged particle beam lithography. In the production or manufacturing of semiconductor devices, such as integrated circuits, optical lithography may be used to fabricate the semiconductor devices. Optical lithography is a printing process in which a lithographic mask manufactured from a reticle is used to transfer patterns to a substrate such as a semiconductor or silicon wafer to create the integrated circuit. Other substrates could include flat panel displays or even other reticles. Also, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) or X-ray lithography are considered types of optical lithography. The reticle or multiple reticles may contain a circuit pattern corresponding to an individual layer of the integrated circuit, and this pattern can be imaged onto a certain area on the substrate that has been coated with a layer of radiation-sensitive material known as photoresist or resist. Once the patterned layer is transferred the layer may undergo various other processes such as etching, ion-implantation (doping), metallization, oxidation, and polishing. These processes are employed to finish an individual layer in the substrate. If several layers are required, then the whole process or variations thereof will be repeated for each new layer. Eventually, a combination of multiples of devices or integrated circuits will be present on the substrate. These integrated circuits may then be separated from one another by dicing or sawing and then may be mounted into individual packages. In the more general case, the patterns on the substrate may be used to define artifacts such as display pixels or magnetic recording heads. In the production or manufacturing of semiconductor devices, such as integrated circuits, maskless direct write may also be used to fabricate the semiconductor devices. Maskless direct write or charged particle beam lithography is a printing process in which patterns are transferred to a substrate such as a semiconductor or silicon wafer to create the integrated circuit. Other substrates could include flat panel displays, imprint masks for nano-imprinting, or even reticles. Desired patterns of a layer are written directly on the surface, which in this case is also the substrate. Once the patterned layer is transferred the layer may undergo various other processes such as etching, ion-implantation (doping), metallization, oxidation, and polishing. These processes are employed to finish an individual layer in the substrate. If several layers are required, then the whole process or variations thereof will be repeated for each new layer. Some of the layers may be written using optical lithography while others may be written using maskless direct write to fabricate the same substrate. Eventually, a combination of multiples of devices or integrated circuits will be present on the substrate. These integrated circuits are then separated from one another by dicing or sawing and then mounted into individual packages. In the more general case, the patterns on the surface may be used to define artifacts such as display pixels or magnetic recording heads. As indicated, in optical lithography the lithographic mask or reticle comprises geometric patterns corresponding to the circuit components to be integrated onto a substrate. The patterns used to manufacture the reticle may be generated utilizing computer-aided design (CAD) software or programs. In designing the patterns the CAD program may follow a set of predetermined design rules in order to create the reticle. These rules are set by processing, design, and end-use limitations. An example of an end-use limitation is defining the geometry of a transistor in a way in which it cannot sufficiently operate at the required supply voltage. In particular, design rules can define the space tolerance between circuit devices or interconnect lines. The design rules are, for example, used to ensure that the circuit devices or lines do not interact with one another in an undesirable manner. For example, the design rules are used so that lines do not get too close to each other in a way that may cause a short circuit. The design rule limitations reflect, among other things, the smallest dimensions that can be reliably fabricated. When referring to these small dimensions, one usually introduces the concept of a critical dimension. These are, for instance, defined as the smallest width of a line or the smallest space between two lines, those dimensions requiring exquisite control. One goal in integrated circuit fabrication by optical lithography is to reproduce the original circuit design on the substrate by use of the reticle. Integrated circuit fabricators are always attempting to use the semiconductor wafer real estate as efficiently as possible. Engineers keep shrinking the size of the circuits to allow the integrated circuits to contain more circuit elements and to use less power. As the size of an integrated circuit critical dimension is reduced and its circuit density increases, the critical dimensions of its corresponding mask pattern approaches the resolution limit of the optical exposure tool used in optical lithography. As the critical dimensions of the circuit pattern become smaller and approach the resolution value of the exposure tool, the accurate transcription between the mask pattern and the actual circuit pattern developed on the resist layer becomes difficult. To further the use of optical lithography to transfer patterns having features that are smaller than the light wavelength used in the optical lithography process, a process known as optical proximity correction (OPC) has been developed. OPC alters the original mask pattern to compensate for distortions caused by effects such as optical diffraction and the optical interaction of features with proximate features. OPC includes all resolution enhancement technologies performed with a reticle. OPC adds sub-resolution lithographic features to mask patterns to reduce differences between the original mask pattern, that is, the design, and the final transferred circuit pattern on the substrate. The sub-resolution lithographic features interact with the original mask pattern and with each other and compensate for proximity effects to improve the final transferred circuit pattern. One feature that is used to improve
|
['G06F1750']
|
background
|
11,653,918
|
[summary] However, by investigating these conventional methods of forming a concave/convex pattern, the present inventors found the following problems. In the method of forming a concave/convex pattern disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,905, to transfer the concave/convex pattern, the concave/convex pattern is pressed onto the resin layer with a substantially uniform pressing force being applied to the entire stamper. When doing so, the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer due to the pressing force applied to the stamper becomes concentrated at an outer edge area of the stamper (i.e., an end area located near the outer edge of the stamper) due to no part of the stamper being present further outside than such area. Accordingly, the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer at the outer edge area is higher compared to an inner area located further inside than the outer edge area. As a result, due to the excessively high pressure applied to the resin layer at the outer edge area, there is the risk of deformation occurring in the concave/convex pattern transferred to the resin layer. Also, when the pressing force applied to the stamper is lowered to only the force that is required at the outer edge area to avoid deformation of the concave/convex pattern, a situation is produced where in the inner area where the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer is lower compared to the outer edge area, the concave/convex pattern is insufficiently pressed into the resin layer, resulting in the occurrence of transfer defects in the concave/convex pattern. In this way, with the method of forming a concave/convex pattern disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,905, there is the risk of deformation and/or transfer defects in the concave/convex pattern due to the difference in the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer between the outer edge area and the inner area of the stamper. Also, when a center hole is present in either of the stamper and the substrate, when a concave/convex pattern is formed in a resin layer in accordance with the method of forming a concave/convex pattern disclosed by U.S. Pat. No. 5,772,905, the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer increases not only at the outer edge area described above but also at the rim area of the center hole (i.e., an end area near the rim of the center hole). On the other hand, in the method of forming the concave/convex pattern disclosed by Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-157520, imprinting is carried out with an elastic body present between the stamper and the press and/or between the base plate to be transferred (substrate) and the press. When doing so, by sandwiching an elastic body between the stamper and the press, for example, as described earlier it is possible to correct tilting of the stamper with respect to the substrate by causing the elastic body to deform when the stamper is pressed onto the resin layer. However, in this method of forming a concave/convex pattern, when imprinting is carried out with an elastic body present between the stamper and the press, for example, the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer will be lower at an area where an end area (i.e., outer edge area) of the elastic body and the stamper coincide compared to an area located further inside than such area. This results in a situation where the concave/convex pattern is insufficiently pressed into the resin layer at the area where the end area of the elastic body and the stamper coincide (i.e., transfer defects occur in the concave/convex pattern). The present inventors found that when imprinting is carried out with an elastic body with a diameter that is equal to or larger than that of the stamper and/or the substrate sandwiched as described above, a phenomenon occurs where there is a difference in the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer between the outer edge area of the stamper (i.e., the area where the outer edge area of the stamper and the elastic body coincide) and an inner area located further inside than the outer edge area of the stamper. More specifically, when imprinting is carried out with an elastic body with a diameter that is equal to or larger than that of the stamper and/or the substrate provided between the stamper and the press, for example, the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer is lower in the outer edge area of the stamper compared to the inner area. As a result, the concave/convex pattern is insufficiently pressed into the resin layer in the outer edge area of the stamper, resulting in transfer defects being produced in the concave/convex pattern. On the other hand, if, to avoid the occurrence of transfer defects in the concave/convex pattern, the pressing force applied to the stamper is increased so that sufficient pressure is applied in an area where the end area of the elastic body and the stamper coincide (the case where the elastic body has a smaller diameter than the stamper) or in an area where the outer edge area of the stamper and the elastic body coincide (the case where the elastic body has a diameter that is not smaller than the diameter of the stamper), the pressure applied to the resin layer will become excessively high in an area located further inside than such area (for example, an area that is located further inside than the end area of the elastic body), resulting in the risk of deformation occurring in the concave/convex pattern transferred to the resin layer. Also, if a center hole is present in any of the stamper and the substrate, when a concave/convex pattern is formed in a resin layer according to the method of forming the concave/convex pattern disclosed by Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-157520, the pressure applied to the surface of the resin layer is lower in the rim area of the center hole
|
['B29D1700' 'G03C500']
|
summary
|
11,477,506
|
[claim] 1. A method of cleaning comprising the steps of: (a) adding an effervescent product to a volume of water; (b) contacting the volume of water with the effervescent product with soiled dishes; (c) soaking the soiled dishes in contact with the volume of water with the effervescent product for a desired period of time; (d) optionally wiping the dishes after the desired period of time; (e) optionally rinsing the dishes with water after the desired period of time; wherein the effervescent product is added such that a concentration of the effervescent product is between about 0.1 g/L and about 500 g/L and a pH of from about 6 to about 10 results. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the desired period of time is from about 0.5 to about 60 minutes, preferably from about 0.5 to about 20 minutes, preferably from about 0.5 to about 10 minutes. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the volume of water is more than 50 mL, preferably from about 1000 mL to about 20000 mL, more preferably from about 5000 mL to about 15000 mL of water. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the effervescent product comprises an effervescent system selected from the group consisting of: (a) an acid and carbonate combination; (b) a pressurized gas systems; (c) a non-pressurized gas system; (d) a solvent system; (e) a metal ion catalyst and substrate pair; (f) an inorganic oxide material; (g) a water soluble gasified soiled; and (h) mixtures thereof. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the effervescent product comprises from about 10% to about 50% by weight of the effervescent product of a surfactant system. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the effervescent product comprises from about 0.01% to about 4% by weight of a soil suspending polymer. 7. The method of claim 4 wherein the effervescent product comprises an acid and carbonate combination as the effervescent system and from about 0.1% to about 15% by weight of the effervescent product of a linear amine oxide, branched amine oxide, and mixtures thereof, and from about 10% to about 40% by weight of the effervescent product of an anionic surfactant. 8. The method of claim 4 wherein the effervescent product further comprises an optional component selected from the group comprising a stabilizing agent, a dissolution aid, a germicide, a suds boosting polymer, a suds stabilizing polymer, a hydrotrope, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, bleach, bleach activators, perfume, dyes, pH buffering means, and mixtures thereof. 9. The use of an effervescent product comprising an effervescent system, a surfactant system and optionally other components to clean soiled dishes.
|
['C11D300']
|
claim
|
12,391,184
|
[summary] It is therefore a general object of the invention to provide a computer telephony system that allows easy development and deployment of telephony applications. It is another general object of the invention to provide an infrastructure in which a large number of developers and end users can easily create and deploy custom telephony applications for controlling and managing telephone calls on the PSTN and the Internet. It is another object of the invention to have a computer telephony system that provides an application development and deployment environment similar to that for HTML applications and the World Wide Web. It is another object of the invention to provide a low cost routing of telephone calls among the interconnected PSTN and Internet. It is yet another object of the invention to provide a telecommunication network with improved quality of service. These and other objects of the invention are accomplished, briefly, by providing a networked computer telephony system which includes creating telephony applications in XML scripts that include telephony-specific XML tags specifying how a telephone call to a specified call number is to be process. The XML scripts associated with each specific call number are posted on web servers on the Internet. A telephone call to the specified call number is routed through the Internet to an application gateway center. The application gateway center retrieves the associated XML scripts and executing the scripts to process the call. In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of application gateway centers are installed on the Internet to provide for reliability, scalability and high quality of service. In a preferred embodiment, the application gateway center includes a cache server for caching data exchanged between the application center and the Internet. In a preferred embodiment, the application gateway center manipulates media in a predefined native format; and the application gateway center includes a media conversion proxy server for converting between said predefined format native to the application gateway center and other media formats outside of the application gateway center. According to another aspect of the invention, a method of processing a telephone call to a specified call number includes providing an Extended Markup Language (XML) document associated with the specified call number, said XML document constituting a telephony application and including telephony-specific XML tags instructing how a telephone call to the specified call number is to be processed; posting said XML document to a specified location on the Internet; providing a directory for locating said XML document by the specified call number; receiving said telephone call on the Internet; retrieving said XML document at the specified location looked up from said directory with the specified call number; and processing said telephone call according to said XML document. According to another aspect of the invention, in order to provide high quality of service, the networked computer telephony system further includes a plurality of network traffic monitors. Each monitor is associated with an individual application gateway center for periodically monitoring network traffic statistics regarding a response time of a specific XML document being requested by a specific application gateway center. A network monitoring server dynamically analyzes said network statistics collected from said plurality of network traffic monitors into a prioritized list of XML documents relative to application gateway centers having the fastest access thereto. The prioritized list is used for directing a telephone call to a specific call number to the application gateway with the fastest access to the XML document associated with the specific call number. Additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be understood from the following description of its preferred embodiments, which description should be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
|
['H04L1266']
|
summary
|
11,462,546
|
[claim] 1. A method of treating an adult onset neurodegenerative disease in a human, comprising administering a periodic course of an effective dose of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said neurodegenerative disease is selected from a group consisting of Parkinson's Disease, macular degeneration, urinary incontinence, Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis and age related memory impairment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors is selected from a group consisting of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor or its derivatives or its derivatives, functionally similar biological or chemical compounds or combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said treatment maintains the state of disease or reverses one or more symptoms of the disease. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein said symptom is selected from the group consisting of resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability, micrographia, urinary and gastrointestinal incontinence and the sense of smell. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said effective dose ranging from 0.1 micrograms to 1000 micrograms per kg body weight per day of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors is administered by injection each day for about 1 to 8 days. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said period the course of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor is administered every 2 to 18 weeks. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said administered is selected from a group consisting of subcutaneous injection, transdermal patch, intravenously, and orally. 9. A method of reducing blood glucose levels in diabetes in a human, comprising administering a periodic course of an effective dose of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors. 10. A method of claim 9, wherein said diabetes is Type 1 diabetes or Type 2 diabetes. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein said Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors is selected from a group consisting of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor or its derivatives, functionally similar biological or chemical compound or combinations thereof. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein said reduced blood glucose levels are less than 110 blood glucose mg/dl. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein said blood glucose levels were reduced for a period of at least 2 days. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein said effective dose ranging from 0.1 micrograms to 20000 micrograms per kg body weight per day of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors is administered by injection each day for about 1 to 8 days. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein said period course of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor is administered every 2 to 18 weeks. 16. The method of claim 9, wherein said administered is selected from a group consisting of subcutaneous injection, transdermal patch, intravenously, and orally. 17. A method for treating adult onset neurodegenerative diseases in a human comprising: a. treating stem cells in vitro with an effective dose of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors; and b. injecting an effective amount of said treated stem cells into a human. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising administering a periodic course of an effective dose of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors after injection of treated stem cells. 19. A method for treating adult onset neurodegenerative diseases in a human comprising: a. injecting an effective amount of stem cells into the patient; and b. administering a periodic course of an effective dose of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors. 20. The method of claim 17 or 19, wherein said stem cells a selected from a group consisting of harvested umbilical stem cells, adult stem cells, progenitor stem cells or stem cell lines. 21. A method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising treating said human with an effective dose of a second compound or molecule that enhances or elevates a population of progenitor stem cells or stem cells. 22. An adult onset Type II diabetic patient having high fasting levels of blood glucose treated with a periodic course of an effective dose ranging from 0.1 micrograms to 1000 micrograms per kg body weight per day of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor leading to reduction of blood sugar to normal levels, wherein said effective dose is administered from about 1 to 8 days and repeated every 2 to 18 weeks. 23. An adult patient having reversed symptoms of Parkinson's Disease administered with a periodic course of an effective dose ranging from 0.1 micrograms to 20000 micrograms per kg body weight per day of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors, wherein said effective dose is administered from about 1 to 8 days and repeated every 2 to 18 weeks. 24. A method of treating an adult onset neurodegenerative disease in a human, comprising administering a periodic course of an effective dose of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factors.
|
['A61K3819']
|
claim
|
12,432,578
|
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR UPDATING A MAP IN RESPONSE TO SELECTION OF CONTENT FOR DISPLAY ON THE MAP [SEP] [abstract] Methods and systems are provided for presenting information on a display device associated with an aircraft. A method comprises displaying a navigational map in a viewing area on the display device with initial display settings, identifying selection of a first category of information, and identifying content associated with the first category resulting in a first set of content. The method further comprises automatically updating display settings for the navigational map in response to identifying selection of the first category, wherein the display settings are updated based on the first set of content. The method further comprises displaying the first set of content on the navigational map based on the updated display settings.
|
['G06F3048' 'G01C2100']
|
abstract
|
11,257,624
|
Method for parsing the size of contents to be reproduced in a mobile communication device [SEP] [abstract] A method is provided for parsing the size of contents to be reproduced in a mobile communication device in order to accurately determine an actual size of the contents. By utilizing information related to the size of a video codec that is part of the file format of the contents, the size of the contents may be accurately determined, thereby enhancing reliability of the reproduction operation and preventing malfunction of the mobile communication device.
|
['H04N716' 'H04N7173']
|
abstract
|
11,769,196
|
[summary] In one aspect, the invention provides a multiplexer in which a polarization coupler and a polarization rotator in optical communication with the polarization coupler are integrated into a substrate. In some embodiments, optical communication between the polarization rotator and the polarization coupler is provided by a waveguide extending between the polarization rotator and the polarization coupler. In other embodiments, an optical path between the polarization coupler and the polarization rotator also includes a wavelength coupler. In another embodiment, a feeder waveguide in optical communication with the polarization coupler guides a first beam having a first polarization state to the polarization coupler. This first beam is placed on a main waveguide, which is also in optical communication with the polarization coupler. One example of a polarization rotator includes a stress-inducing element disposed to generate a stress-field in the substrate. A portion of a waveguide passes through this stress-field. The stress-inducing element might be, for example, a strip bonded to the substrate, the strip having a coefficient of expansion different from the coefficient of expansion of the substrate. Other examples include a trench or ledge formed in the substrate disposed to generate the stress-field, a dielectric film disposed on the substrate, or any combination thereof Additional stress-inducing structures include, but are not limited to, a trench filled with a suitable material, a trench having a structure embedded therein, and a trench in a dielectric film. What is essential is that the stress-inducing structure cause a stress field that, in a designated volume of the substrate that includes an optical waveguide, has a magnitude and direction that causes the material filling the optical waveguide to. One example of a polarization coupler includes a stress-inducing element disposed to generate a stress-field in the substrate. First and second periodic structures are in optical communication with a portion of the main waveguide and the feeder waveguide respectively. Portions of both the feeder waveguide and the main waveguide are disposed to pass through the stress-field. The stress-inducing element might be, for example, a strip bonded to the substrate, the strip having a coefficient of expansion different from the coefficient of expansion of the substrate. Other examples include a trench or ledge formed in the substrate disposed to generate the stress-field. In another aspect, the invention includes a multiplexer having a substrate into which is integrated a polarization rotator having an input for receiving a wave having a first polarization, and an output for transmitting a wave having a second polarization. Also integrated into this substrate is a polarization coupler having a first input for receiving a wave having a first polarization, a second input for receiving a wave having a second polarization, and an output for transmitting a wave having both the first polarization and the second polarization. The polarization coupler is in optical communication with the output of the polarization rotator. An optical path extends between the output of the polarization rotator and the second input of the polarization coupler. In one embodiment, the optical path includes a waveguide extending between the polarization rotator and the polarization coupler. In another embodiment, the optical path includes a wavelength coupler, a first waveguide extending between the polarization rotator and the wavelength coupler, and a second waveguide extending between the wavelength coupler and the polarization rotator. The polarization rotator can include a stress-inducing element disposed to generate a stress-field in the substrate. A portion of a waveguide then passes through the stress-field. In another aspect, the invention includes a Raman pump module having first and second sources for generating a first and second pump beams at a particular wavelength. Integrated into a substrate are a polarization rotator and a polarization coupler in optical communication with the polarization rotator. The polarization rotator is configured to provide a rotated pump beam by rotating a polarization of an input pump beam. The polarization coupler has a first input for receiving the second pump beam, a second input for receiving a rotated pump beam from the polarization rotator, and an output for providing an output pump beam that includes a superposition of the second pump beam and the rotated pump beam. An optical path extends between the polarization coupler and the polarization rotator for guiding the output pump beam to the polarization coupler. In one embodiment, the Raman pump module includes an output waveguide extending along an optical path that includes the output of the polarization coupler. In another embodiment, the Raman pump module also includes a wavelength division multiplexer having a first input in optical communication with the output waveguide and a second input for receiving a signal beam. The wavelength division multiplexer is configured to combine the signal beam with the output pump beam guided by the output waveguide. In another embodiment, the polarization rotator is configured to provide a rotated pump beam having a polarization orthogonal to a polarization of the input pump beam. This results in a depolarized output pump beam. Another aspect of the invention includes a substrate, a polarization coupler integrated into the substrate, and first and second lasers in optical communication with the substrate. In one embodiment, first and second waveguides are in optical communication with respective first and second lasers. In another embodiment, the first and second lasers are rotated relative to each other such that the first and second beams emerging from the first and second lasers enter the substrate with different polarizations. These polarizations can, but need not be, orthogonal to each other. Either one or both of the first and second lasers can be integrated into the substrate. Another aspect of the invention includes a substrate, a polarization coupler integrated into the substrate, and a polarization rotator disposed to intercept a beam entering the substrate. The polarization rotator can be configured to rotate a beam entering the substrate by any angle. However, one embodiment includes a polarization rotator that rotates the beam orthogonally, for example by an odd multiple of ninety degrees. In another embodiment, the polarization rotator is a quarter-wave plate.
|
['G02B628']
|
summary
|
11,470,512
|
[description] Exemplary methods and adhesives in accordance with the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, beginning with FIG. 1. FIG. 1 sets forth a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method of making a reworkable adhesive according to the present invention. The method of FIG. 1 includes selecting (100) a precursor (104) to a thermally-labile group. Selecting (100) a precursor (104) to a thermally-labile group according to the method of FIG. 1 may be carried out in dependence upon a desired decomposition trigger temperature for the reworkable adhesive. That is, the precursor (104) to a thermally-labile group is typically selected in dependence upon a desired trigger temperature for decomposition of the resultant adhesive made by the method of FIG. 1. The desired trigger temperature is typically low enough to make reworking the adhesive practical and high enough such that the adhesive is itself stable and useful until it is reworked. The method of FIG. 1 also includes selecting (102) the precursor (106) to a UV curable cross-linking monomer precursor. Selecting (102) the precursor (106) to a UV curable cross-linking monomer according to the method of FIG. 1 may be carried out in dependence upon a desired decomposition trigger temperature for the reworkable adhesive. That is, the precursor (106) to a UV curable cross-linking monomer is typically selected in dependence upon a desired trigger temperature for decomposition of the resultant adhesive made by the method of FIG. 1. The desired trigger temperature is typically low enough to make reworking the adhesive practical and high enough such that the adhesive is itself stable and useful until it is reworked. One precursor to a thermally-labile group useful in making reworkable adhesives according to the present invention is phosgene. A precursor to a UV curable cross-linking monomer useful in making reworkable adhesives using phosgene as the precursor to the thermally labile group is a hydroxyl-bearing UV curable cross-linking monomer, such as, for example, an α,β unsaturated carbonyl, such as acrylic acid as discussed below with reference to FIG. 2. Another precursor to a thermally-labile group useful in making reworkable adhesives according to the present invention is azodicarboxamide. A precursor to a UV curable cross-linking monomer useful in making reworkable adhesives using azodicarboxamide as the precursor to the thermally labile group is acryloyl chloride as discussed below with reference to FIG. 4. Still another precursor to a thermally-labile group useful in making reworkable adhesives according to the present invention is oxydibenzensulfonyl hydrazide. A precursor to a UV curable cross-linking monomer useful in making reworkable adhesives using oxydibenzensulfonyl hydrazide as the precursor to the thermally labile group is acryloyl chloride as discussed below with reference to FIG. 5. The method of FIG. 1 also includes reacting (107) the selected precursor (104) to a thermally-labile group and the selected precursor (106) to a UV curable cross-linking monomer. The product of the reaction is a thermally-labile UV curable cross-linking monomer. Examples of such thermally-labile UV curable cross-linking monomers include carbonate acrylate discussed below with reference to FIG. 2, azo acrylate discussed below with reference to FIG. 4, sulfonyl hydrazide acrylate discussed below with reference to FIG. 5, and many others as will occur to those of skill in the art. The method of FIG. 1 also includes combining (111) the product (109) of the reaction of the precursor (104) to a thermally-labile group and the precursor (106) to a UV curable cross-linking monomer with a photoinitiator (108) and a filler (110). A photoinitiator is an agent which forms a reactive element which starts a chain reaction to cause polymer formation when exposed to a specific wavelength of light. Photoinitiators useful in making reworkable adhesives according to the present invention often include photoinitiators suited for free radical polymerization, for example, benzoin and its derivatives, benzil ketals, acetophenone, acetophenone derivatives, anthraquinones, anthraquinone derivatives, benzophenone, benzophenone derivatives, triazine derivatives, and others as will occur to those of skill in the art. The method of FIG. 1 also includes a filler (110). The filler (110) of FIG. 1 may be an electrically or thermally conductive or non-conductive filler depending upon the desired use of the resultant adhesive. The method of FIG. 1 also includes UV curing (114) the combination (112) of the product of the reaction of the precursor to a thermally-labile group and the precursor to a UV curable cross-linking monomer, the photoinitiator and the filler. UV curing uses ultraviolet light or other radiation sources to initiate curing, which allows bonding without heating. As discussed above, many combinations of precursors to thermally-labile groups and precursors to UV curable cross-linking monomers may be selected for making reworkable adhesives according to the present invention. For further explanation, therefore, FIG. 2 sets forth an exemplary reaction in accordance with the present invention. In the example of FIG. 2 the selected precursor (202) to a thermally-labile group is phosgene and the selected precursor to a UV curable cross-linking monomer is acrylic acid (204). In the exemplary reaction of FIG. 2, phosgene (202) is reacted with acrylic acid (204) to form carbonate acrylate (206) having a thermally-labile group (208). The carbonate functionality can be thermally degraded at an elevated trigger temperature releasing CO2. The resulting carbonate acrylate may be formulated into a UV curable composition by appropriate selection of photoinitiator, filler and so on as will occur to those skilled in the art. Following exposure to UV radiation, the carbonate acrylate crosslinks to form an intractable network. If this resultant material is subjected to elevated temperatures above a predetermined trigger temperature, the carbonate moiety thermally degrades fragmenting the network into much shorter, lower molecular weight sections thereby rendering the composition either volatile, soluble, or a combination of both and therefore reworkable. While the exemplary reaction of FIG. 2 sets forth acrylates, the adhesives according to the present invention are not limited to acrylates. For further explanation, therefore, FIG. 3 depicts a generalized formula of thermally-labile product useful in making reworkable adhesives according to embodiments of the present invention wherein the precursor to the UV
|
['H05B668']
|
detailed_description
|
11,208,839
|
[summary] The present invention overcomes the disadvantages present in the art by providing backpack adapted to store an umbrella in a compact configuration within the backpack, and to enable to the user to selectively deploy and adjust the umbrella so as to shield the backpack wearer. In a preferred embodiment, the umbrella is compactly stored in a generally tubular storage compartment connected to the backpack and may be auto-deployed to a telescopically extended configuration in overhead shielding relation with the user. In an alternate embodiment, the umbrella is rotationally adjustable to provide cover from the elements, such as morning or afternoon sun, or wind driven rain. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved backpack adapted to store a deployable umbrella. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a backpack in combination with an automatically deployable umbrella. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a backpack with a deployable and adjustable umbrella. In accordance with these and other objects, which will become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings.
|
['A45B1102' 'A45B2524' 'A45B1904' 'A45B1908']
|
summary
|
12,096,024
|
[claim] 1. A locking device comprises: a lock body having a through hole, the through hole having a first end and a second end; a bolt member having a longitudinal bore therethrough and an insertion end which is inserted into the through hole of the lock body; an engagement end emerges out of said longitudinal bore at said insertion end when said bolt member is broken or cut; an identifying means disposed near the second end of said through hole, which is capable of indicating wirelessly or contactlessly whether the locking device has been tampered with or defeated; an actuating means disposed at the second end of said through hole, which actuates the identifying means when the bolt member is inserted into and secured within the through hole and when the locking device has been tampered with or defeated; and a means within the lock body for preventing removal of the inserted bolt member therefrom. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the bolt member is further having a retaining pin with an engagement end disposed within the longitudinal bore and a resilient means for biasing the retaining pin axially out of the longitudinal bore. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device further comprises a receiving member having a housing, the housing having an inlet which communicates with the first end of the through hole. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the housing is having a first cavity; and a second cavity adjacent to the first cavity. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the lock body for retaining the bolt member is fixedly disposed within the first cavity. 6. The device of claim 4, wherein the identifying means is disposed within the second cavity. 7. The device of claim 4, wherein part of the actuating means is received into the second end of the through hole. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the identifying means comprises a pair of contacts. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein the actuating means is having a flange in contact with one of the pair of contacts when the locking device has not been tampered with. 10. The device of claim 9, wherein the insertion end of the bolt member comes into contact with the actuating means and pushes the actuating means for a predetermined distance such that the flange actuates the pair of contacts by bending one of the pair of contacts to come into contact with the other one of the pair of contacts, when the device is in a locked position. 11. The device of claim 9, wherein the engagement end of the retaining pin in the bolt member is displaced by the resilient means, when the bolt member is broken or cut, to dislodge the actuating means from its locked position, thereby the flange of said actuating means stays out of contact with any one of the pair of contacts and hence the pair of contacts is not in contact with each other. 12. The device of claim 10, wherein a positive signal from the identifying means is received by a transceiver when said transceiver transmits a predetermined signal to said identifying means and when the pair of contacts is in contact with each other, the positive signal indicating that the device is in a locked position. 13. The device of claim 11, wherein no signal from the identifying means is received by a transceiver when said transceiver transmits a predetermined signal to said identifying means and when the pair of contacts is not in contact with each other. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein the pair of contacts is not in contact with each other when the insertion end of the bolt member has not been inserted into the lock body of the device. 15. The device of claim 14, wherein the pair of contacts is made of flexible and electrically conducting materials. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein the identifying means is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag or transponder. 17. The device of claim 2, wherein the resilient means is a helical spring. 18. A method of indicating whether a locking device has been tampered with or defeated, the method comprising: providing a device comprising: a lock body having a through hole, the through hole having a first end and a second end; a bolt member having a longitudinal bore therethrough and an insertion end which is inserted into the through hole of the lock body; an engagement end emerges out of said longitudinal bore at said insertion end when said bolt member is broken or cut; an identifying means disposed near the second end of said through hole, which is capable of indicating wirelessly or contactlessly whether the locking device has been tampered with or defeated; an actuating means disposed at the second end of said through hole, which actuates the identifying means when the bolt member is inserted into and secured within the through hole and when the locking device has been tampered with or defeated; and a means within the lock body for preventing removal of the inserted bolt member therefrom. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the method further comprising providing a retaining pin with an engagement end disposed within the longitudinal bore and a resilient means for biasing the retaining pin axially out of the longitudinal bore. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the method further comprising inserting the bolt member into the lock body, thereby actuating the identifying means. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the method further comprising activating a transceiver to transmit a predetermined signal to said identifying means for indication of the device having been tampered with or defeated. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the method further comprising the transceiver receiving a positive signal from the identifying means, the positive signal indicating that the device is in a locked position. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the method further comprising the transceiver not receiving a signal
|
['E05B3900']
|
claim
|
12,349,111
|
Method and Apparatus for Analyzing Data to Provide Decision Making Information [SEP] [abstract] Method and apparatus for analyzing data to provide decision making information. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving data corresponding to an agent for one or more predictor variables of a model, and calculating coefficients of the model based, at least in part, on a logistic regression analysis for a response variable to determine probability densities of the response variable, wherein the response variable is associated with the one or more predictor variables. The method may further include performing a computational analysis of the response variable based on the probability densities of the response variable to determine variation in the probability densities of the response variable, and generating a decision matrix, reflecting probabilities of one or more response variables and analysis values.
|
['G06N702']
|
abstract
|
11,647,259
|
[description] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, and together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention. FIG. 1 is a schematic view for illustrating an example of a fixing apparatus to which an embodiment according to the present invention is applied; FIG. 2 is a schematic view for illustrating an example of arrangement of an excitation coil which can be utilized in the fixing apparatus shown in FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram for illustrating the fixing apparatus depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 and an example of a control system of an image forming apparatus including the fixing apparatus; FIG. 4 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of the control to increase a temperature of an outer peripheral surface of a heat roller of the fixing apparatus depicted in FIGS. 1 to 3 to a predetermined temperature; FIG. 5 is a graph for illustrating a time required for increasing a temperature of the heat roller of the fixing apparatus explained in connection with FIGS. 1 to 3; FIG. 6 is a schematic view for illustrating another embodiment of the excitation coil depicted in FIG. 2; FIG. 7 is a schematic view for illustrating still another embodiment of the excitation coil depicted in FIG. 2; FIG. 8 is a schematic view for illustrating yet another embodiment of the excitation coil depicted in FIG. 2; FIGS. 9A to 9F are schematic views for illustrating characteristics of each coil body and bobbin of the excitation coil depicted in FIG. 8; FIG. 10 is a schematic view for illustrating an embodiment that the excitation coil depicted in FIG. 1 are an air-cored coil; FIG. 11 is a schematic block diagram for illustrating an example of another embodiment of the control system depicted in FIG. 3; FIG. 12 is a block diagram for illustrating an example of an excitation unit incorporated in the control system depicted in FIG. 11; FIG. 13 is a schematic view for illustrating a fundamental principle that the excitation unit depicted in FIG. 11 can be used to output a first resonance frequency f1, a second resonance frequency f2 and a third resonance frequency f12 by which any coil can simultaneously produce an output which has a predetermined ratio relative to a fixed output; FIG. 14 is a flowchart for illustrating an example of controlling a temperature of the fixing apparatus depicted in FIGS. 11 to 13; FIG. 15 is a schematic view for illustrating a change in temperature of the heat roller when using an example of the temperature control different from the method of controlling the temperature depicted in FIG. 14; FIG. 16 is a schematic view for illustrating a change in temperature of the heat roller when using an example of the temperature control different from the method of controlling the temperature of the heat roller depicted in FIGS. 14 and 15; FIG. 17 is a flowchart for illustrating a further example of the temperature control different from the example of controlling the temperature of the heat roller depicted in FIGS. 14 to 16; FIG. 18 is a flowchart for illustrating another example of the temperature control different from the example of controlling the temperature of the heat roller depicted in FIGS. 14 to 17; FIG. 19 is a flowchart for illustrating still another example of the temperature control different from the example of controlling the temperature of the heat roller depicted in FIGS. 14 to 18; and FIG. 20 is a schematic view for illustrating an example of a control mechanism which can supply a power with a predetermined frequency to each excitation coil of a fixing apparatus in which the excitation coils are incorporated in all the rollers different from the fixing apparatus depicted in FIGS. 1 to 10.
|
['H05B614' 'G03G1520']
|
detailed_description
|
12,366,025
|
[claim] 1. A method of transmitting data in a communication system, the method comprising: transmitting control channel data of a first format over a control channel, wherein the control channel data of the first format conveys information related to data transmitted within a first frequency band; and transmitting control channel data of a second format over the control channel, wherein the control channel data of the second format conveys information related to data transmitted over one or more frequency bands, the one or more frequency bands having a combined bandwidth equal or greater than the first frequency band. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel, wherein the one or more frequency bands include the first frequency band. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first bandwidth; and wherein transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel with the first bandwidth. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first carrier frequency; and wherein transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel with the first carrier frequency. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first carrier frequency; and wherein transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel with a second carrier frequency, the second carrier frequency being a different frequency than the first carrier frequency. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first bandwidth; and wherein transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel comprises transmitting control channel data of the second format over the control channel with a second bandwidth, the second bandwidth being equal or greater than the first bandwidth. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting control channel data of the second format comprises transmitting control channel data of the second format, wherein the second format includes: a carrier frequency field, the carrier frequency field being indicative of one or more carrier frequencies to be used in a transmission; and a physical resource block field, the physical resource block field being indicative of a number of physical resource blocks allocated to each one or more carrier frequencies to be used in the transmission. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting control channel data of the second format further comprises transmitting control channel data of the second format, wherein the second format includes a mobile communication device bandwidth field, the mobile communication device bandwidth field being indicative of a radio frequency transmission and/or reception bandwidth capability of a mobile communication device. 9. A wireless communication network, the wireless communication network comprising: a first mobile communication device, the first mobile communication device operating over a first frequency band; a second mobile communication device, the second mobile communication device operating over one or more frequency bands, the one or more frequency bands having a combined bandwidth equal or greater than the first frequency band; and a base station, wherein the base station is configured to: transmit control channel data of a first format over a control channel, wherein the control channel data of the first format conveys information related to data transmitted within the first frequency band; and transmit control channel data of a second format over the control channel, wherein the control channel data of the second format conveys information related to data transmitted over the one or more frequency bands. 10. The wireless communication network of claim 9, wherein the one or more frequency bands includes the first frequency band. 11. The wireless communication network of claim 9, wherein the base station is configured to: transmit control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first bandwidth; and transmit control channel data of the second format over the control channel with the first bandwidth. 12. The wireless communication network of claim 9, wherein the base station is configured to: transmit control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first carrier frequency; and transmit control channel data of the second format over the control channel with the first carrier frequency. 13. The wireless communication network of claim 9, wherein the base station is configured to: transmit control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first bandwidth; and transmit control channel data of the second format over the control channel with a second bandwidth, the second bandwidth being equal or greater than the first bandwidth. 14. The wireless communication network of claim 9, wherein the base station is configured to: transmit control channel data of the first format over the control channel with a first carrier frequency; and transmit control channel data of the second format over the control channel with a second carrier frequency, the second carrier frequency being a different frequency than the first carrier frequency. 15. The wireless communication network of claim 9, wherein the information related to data transmitted over the one or more frequency bands includes: a carrier frequency field, the carrier frequency field being indicative of one or more carrier frequencies to be
|
['H04W7204' 'H04J100']
|
claim
|
11,210,337
|
[invention] Human mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be multipotent cells, which are present in adult bone marrow, can replicate as undifferentiated cells and have the potential to lineages of several different tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first isolated from bone marrow (BM) by Friedenstein (1982), by simple plating on plastic in the presence of fetal calf serum (M. F. Pittenger et al., Science. 284, 143, 1999). Human MSCs (hMSCs) isolated from BM aspirates share a general immunophenotype and are uniformly positive for SH2, SH3, CD29, CD44, CD71, CD90, CD106, CD120a, CD124, but are negative for CD14, CD34, and the leukocyte common antigen CD45. hMSCs are multipotent, capable of differentiating into at least three lineages (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic) when cultured under defined conditions in vitro (M. F. Pittenger et al., Science. 284, 143, 1999). Previous attempts at differentiation of mature hepatocytes from adult BM including hMSCs (CD34-positive cells fraction) have been reported (S. A. Camper, S. M. Tilghman, Biotechnology. 16, 81, 1991; J. L. Nahon, Biochimie. 69, 445, 1987; A. Medyinsky, A. Smith, Nature. 422, 823, 2003). None, however, has induced functional hepatocytes by direct differentiation in vitro.
|
['C12Q100' 'C12N508']
|
background
|
12,492,390
|
[invention] A number of devices require regulated power characterized by high precision, low noise, and high efficiency. Examples can include lasers and, in particular, quantum cascade lasers (QCL). Typically, linear regulator controllers are used for sensitive applications, yielding low noise, rapid control, and high reliability. However, linear regulator controllers tend to be bulkier and less efficient than pulse-width modulated (PWM) controllers. This is a particularly relevant issue for QCLs, which are typically more power hungry than other semiconductor lasers. Accordingly, an improved current controller is needed to provide efficient, low noise, precision current control for devices having such operational requirements.
|
['H01S310']
|
background
|
11,093,900
|
[invention] Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) type handsets use proximity to minimize the amount of power that a link must broadcast. As the distance between a handset and a base station is reduced, both components lower the power that they transmit. On average, a CDMA link requires approximately 1% of the peak power available. FIGS. 1 a - b illustrates the user power requirement. From FIG. 1 b, it is clear that the handset transmits less than 0 dBm (1 mW) half the time, and rarely is required to transmit 23 dBm (200 mW). Due to this dynamic range requirement, the transmitter must be able to operate both in a very high power mode and a very low power mode. Since the power amplifier is a major user of power, its efficiency over this entire range is critical. Simultaneously, the transmit Tx power can be reduced, the available reception Rx power is much higher. Thus the receiver may require commensurately less sensitivity. Switches are used to switch around a power amplifier but they are difficult to implement. This requires a state when the power amplifier is on, transmitting at high power, while the switch is open. When the power amplifier is off, the switch would be closed, completing a path around the power amplifier. CDMA is very sensitive to any distortion in the transmission. When the power amplifier is transmitting at high power, the open switch will have a high RF voltage across its terminals. It is in this condition that the switch generates distortion. To illustrate, when the power amplifier is transmitting 0.5W of CDMA, the peak RF voltage can be 8V in 50 ohms while the control voltage can be as little as 2V. The switch must be designed to remain open while the RF voltage is much higher than the control voltage. This RF voltage can partially close the switch and thus generate distortion. Making the switch larger can mitigate this but the distortion cannot be eliminated. Larger switches are more expensive. Testing the switch for this distortion can be very difficult. Closed switches do not distort much because there is a very little RF voltage across the terminals.
|
['H04B104']
|
background
|
11,745,125
|
[invention] Computer programs are groups of instructions that describe actions to be performed by a computer or other processor-based device. When a computer program is loaded and executed on computer hardware, the computer will behave in a predetermined manner by following the instructions of the computer program. Accordingly, the computer becomes a specialized machine that performs the tasks prescribed by the instructions. A programmer using one or more programming languages creates the instructions comprising a computer program. Typically, source code is specified or edited by a programmer manually and/or with help of an integrated development environment (IDE). Subsequently, the source code can be compiled or otherwise transformed by another program into computer instructions executable by a computer or like device. By way of example, a programmer may choose to implemented code utilizing an object-oriented programming language (e.g., C#, Java . . . ). In accordance with such a paradigm, programmers will create a number of classes identifying properties and characteristics of an abstract thing as well as methods describing class behavior or abilities. Specific programmatic logic can then be specified as interactions between instances of classes or objects, among other things. Subsequently, executable code for a particular machine can be produced by an associated compiler. Alternatively, code can be transformed into intermediate code for a target virtual machine to facilitate execution on multiple computer platforms via further compilation or interpretation of the intermediate code. Object-oriented languages operate with respect plurality of unique programming features not included by other languages such as those described as prototype and/or object based. Three related concepts supported by true object oriented programming models are classes, inheritance and polymorphism. A class is a data structure that merges state and actions into a single unit. In a class, state is captured by variables or fields, while actions are encapsulated by methods and/or functions. Among other things, a class provides a formal definition for instances of classes or objects. In other words, classes identify an associated object signature or pattern. Classes support both inheritance and polymorphism. Inheritance pertains to composition of new classes utilizing previously defined classes. The new class sometimes called a subclass or derived class inherits attributes and behavior of a pre-existing base class. Inheritance provides a mechanism to specialize classes via overriding and/or extending inherited behavior. Polymorphism refers to the ability to change meaning or behavior based on context associated with invocation. More particularly, a single definition/declaration can be utilized with different data types or classes of objects, wherein behavior is dictated by a type or class. Inheritance and polymorphism intersect where derived classes override base class behavior. For example, a class Chihuahua can be derived from a base class Dog, where Dog has a single method bark( ) that returns woof. The class Chihuahua inherits this method. However, this specialized class can override the implementation of bark( ) to return a higher pitch bark associated with this particular small dog. Accordingly, bark( ) is polymorphic in that its implementation depends on an object class, namely Dog and Chihuahua. In some languages, bark( ) is referred to as a virtual method for the same reason.
|
['G06F300']
|
background
|
11,128,051
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to an electrical connector, and more particularly to an electrical connector used for automobile. 2. Description of Related Art To electrically connecting an outer component with a printed circuit board (PCB), traditional means is selectively soldering leads of the component to respective pads formed on the PCB. However, it is desirable to integrate all electrical components to the PCB at one time. With the development of electronic industry, high efficiency with low cost is current trend. However, the traditional selective solder of the component to the PCB alone is time consuming and costly without doubt which is out of current trend. In addition, the electrical connection between the component and the PCB through selective solder by hand may not be reliable. Hence, a bottom PCB surface mount electrical connector is provided to address the problems mentioned above and meet the current trend.
|
['H05K100']
|
background
|
11,151,507
|
[description] In the following, preferred embodiments of the invention are described referring to the accompanying drawings. A printer 1 exemplifying an image forming apparatus as a first embodiment of the invention is described with reference to FIG. 1 showing an external perspective view of the printer 1 and FIG. 8 showing an internal construction of the printer 1. The printer 1 has an outer casing 2. A sheet storage section 3 and an image forming section 4 are arranged inside the outer casing 2. A sheet discharge tray 5 is formed on an upper part 14 of the outer casing 2. A sheet feeding tray 6 of the sheet storage section 3 is drawable from the outer casing 2. By drawing the sheet feeding tray 6 out of the sheet storage section 3, a user can stack sheet-like recording medium S (hereinafter, called as “recording sheet S”) of about one hundred to five hundreds in the sheet storage section 3. As shown in FIG. 8, the image forming section 4 has a photosensitive drum 7, as well as a cleaning device (not shown), a charging device (not shown), a transfer device 8, and a developing device 9, which are arranged in the periphery of the photosensitive drum 7. A toner image is transferred onto a recording sheet S fed from the sheet feeding tray 6, and the recording sheet S carrying the transferred toner image is transported to a fixing device 11. When the recording sheet S is transported from the image forming section 4 to the fixing device 11, the transferred toner image is fixed to the recording sheet S by application of heat and a pressure. After the fixation by the fixing device 11, the recording sheet S is transported to a discharge roller 13 along a transport path 12, and is discharged onto a sheet stacking surface 15 of the sheet discharge tray 5, which is arranged on the upper portion 14 of the outer casing 2, by the discharge roller 13. Further, a door member 16 is openably provided in the outer casing 2. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the door member 16 is formed on the same side as the drawing direction of the sheet feeding tray 6, and is openably and closably pivoted about an axis of a lower end of the door member 16, so that the door member 16 is opened and closed. In this arrangement, when the door member 16 is opened, the door member 16 is usable as a manual feeding tray. Recording sheets S stacked on the manual feeding tray 16 are fed into the image forming section 4 one by one by a feed roller 17. In the printer 1 having the above construction, as shown in FIG. 1, the entirety of the upper portion 14 of the outer casing 2 including the sheet discharge tray 5, a side wall 6a of the sheet feeding tray 6, and an outer wall 16a of the manual feeding tray 16 are colored with a color having a brightness of 5 or less in Munsell value, so that a brightness difference in Munsell value is 3 or larger between these parts 14, 6a, and 16a, and the other parts of a front wall of the outer casing 2 such as peripheral end portions 20a, 20b, 20c except a bottom portion 18, and side walls 21 opposite to each other, which have a brightness of about 8 in Munsell value. Hereinafter, the brightness of the color is represented in terms of Munsell value (JIS Z 8721), unless otherwise specifically mentioned. The side wall 6a of the sheet feeding tray 6 and the outer wall 16a of the manual feeding tray 16 are movable parts of the outer casing 2. Further, the printer 1 satisfies the requirement that a brightness difference is 3 or larger between the parts of the outer casing 2 having the brightness 5 or less, and the recording sheet S, e.g., a commercially available general copy sheet. In this arrangement, a user located remotely away from the printer 1 can clearly recognize, at a glance, that a recording sheet S is discharged onto the sheet discharge tray 5 by the brightness difference between the recording sheet S discharged on the sheet discharge tray 5, and the sheet stacking surface 15 of the sheet discharge tray 5. Further, since the outer surfaces of the movable parts such as the side wall 6a of the sheet feeding tray 6 and the outer wall 16a of the manual feeding tray 16 are colored with the color substantially identical to the color of the sheet discharge tray 5, it is possible to discriminate the movable pars of the outer casing 2 from the fixed parts of the outer casing 2. This arrangement improves the user's operability on the sheet discharge tray 5 and the manual feeding tray 16. Further, according to the above arrangement, since the specific parts of the outer casing 2 are colored with the color having the brightness of 5 or less, the parts of the outer casing 2 other than the above specific parts can be colored with a bright color in harmony with the colors of the office equipment in the office or the color of the desk near the printer 1. Thereby, the printer 1, when installed in the office, looks in harmony with the office environment. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, by coloring an inner wall, namely, a sheet stacking surface 22 of the manual feeding tray 16 on the back of the outer wall 16a with a color of a brightness of 5 or less, the user located away from the printer 1 can clearly recognize at a glance that the recording sheets S stacked on the manual feeding tray 16 have been dispensed, and timely replenish recording sheets S. This arrangement contributes to improvement of the user's operability of the printer 1. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, it
|
['G03G1500']
|
detailed_description
|
12,379,984
|
[description] Generally, embodiments of the invention can be applied to all IMS services, which use an authorized PDP context for media such as, for example, some game sessions. In the following, scenarios from the Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) service are used by way of example only. It is to be explicitly noted that the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is presented by way of explanation in order to facilitate the understanding of the invention. However, the following description is by no means intended to limit the invention to the depicted embodiments. According to an embodiment of the invention, the same PDP context is shared by all sessions related to the same application. In the following three alternatives of how to control this session multiplexing are presented. The first is that the Policy Decision Function (PDF) has the control of the session multiplexing function, the second is that the User Equipment (UE) has the control of the session multiplexing function; the third option is that, the UE supports the session multiplexing functions by default (for pre-defined services) and the network makes a decision whether support the session multiplexing or not. Thus, taking the example of Push to talk over Cellular, the principle is that a Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) user is able to establish as many simultaneous controlling SIP sessions as there are attachments in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). However, the media connections are always grouped together such that their transfers alternate from each other. Consequently, it would be a waste of network resources to reserve several PDP contexts especially for this kind of special multiplexed media type. This principle is depicted in FIG. 1, which shows a user plane re-usage according to the invention. Specifically, there is shown a controlling SIP session (see arrow) between a User Equipment (ULE), a Proxy Call State Control Function (P-CSCF), (an Interrogating Call State Control Function (I-CSCF)), a Serving Call State Control Function (S-CSCF) and a Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) application server. The Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) application server manages the traffic so that there is always just one-way traffic from/to one session. The traffic of the controlling SIP sessions use the same user plane connection (PDP context). Additionally, some of the embodiments can be also applied for end-to-end services. In these cases, a Proxy Call State Control Function (with PDF) and User Equipment (UE) shall control the session multiplexing function. According to the above stated first alternative of the invention, there is a new session control mechanism to the Proxy Call State Control Function (P-CSCF). Whereas, according to the above stated second alternative of the invention, the session control mechanism could also be part of the User Equipment (UE). As a consequence, new requirements for a Push to talk over Cellular PoC enabled User Equipment (UE), a Push to talk over Cellular PoC application server and the CSCFs are brought forward. In the following, the above former case is described first, wherein the above latter case is describe later on, particularly in connection with the fourth embodiment of the invention. As indicated in FIG. 1, a Policy Decision Function (PDF) is a logical entity of the Proxy Call State Control Function (P-CSCF). The Policy Decision Function (PDF) is a logical policy decision element, which uses standard IP mechanisms to implement a Service Based Local Policy (SBLP) in the IP bearer layer. The Policy Decision Function (PDF) makes policy decisions based on information obtained from the Proxy Call State Control Function (P-CSCF). In the Policy Decision Function (PDF) of the Proxy Call State Control Function (P-CSCF), the application level parameters (e.g. Session Description Protocol (SDP)) are mapped into IP Quality of Service (QoS) parameters. The problem is that the Policy Decision Function (PDF) in the Proxy Call State Control Function (P-CSCF) according to the release 5 standard creates a Token to control the media bearer during the media authorization. In order to re-use the same user plane connection whenever the caller sends the request to talk, the invention is applicable and required. When applied to the Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) service, the invention can comprise the following aspects. A User Equipment (UE) sets a service indication to all service relating requests in order to distinguish them among other user requests e.g. the PoC enabled User Equipment (UE) sets a Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) service indication (e.g. the feature tag defined in Industry standard of PoC) to all Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) relating requests. The Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) activities like group attachment and one-to-one communication establishment create a new SIP session in the control plane. The Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) server may use different port numbers to indicate the media flows of different Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) sessions (separate groups in which the user has joined in or one-to-one communication sessions), or alternatively, the Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) server may use an application layer indication (e.g. a multiplexing indicator in the data field header), and in this case only one port number will be needed. As explained in the following, according to the invention both scenarios are possible (which are called wildcard and filtering). These Push to talk over Cellular (PoC) related sessions shall be able to share the same PDP context, whose authorization is, in case of the first alternative of the invention, controlled by the Policy Decision Function (PDF) through the use of either a single authorization Token, or else multiple related Tokens, wherein details are described in the following description of the embodiments. The operator can also define the Policy Decision Function (PDF) in order to use more than one PDP context: for example, one for one-to-one sessions and another for group communication. As stated above, the authorization to share the same PDP context can also be moved to the User Equipment (UE), which is the second alternative according to the invention. It is an
|
['H04W4000' 'H04W410' 'H04L1266']
|
detailed_description
|
11,564,359
|
[summary] Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a model for efficiently arranging images within one or more media areas. In one embodiment, the media areas may comprise printed pages. Images may be arranged in a minimal number of media areas through a recurring process of positioning an image within a white space of the media area and subdividing the white space into an image space in which the image is positioned, a second white space, and a third white space. The second white space occupies a region of the first white space not occupied by the first image along a first direction while the third white space occupies a region of the first white space not occupied by the image along a second direction. Then, subsequent images may be positioned within the unoccupied white spaces if the images spatially fit in one of an original or rotated orientation. As images are placed into unoccupied white spaces, the white spaces may be further subdivided. If an image does not fit within unoccupied white spaces of a first media area, a second media area may be created for the image. Subsequent images may be placed in the unoccupied white spaces of the first media area if the images fit in either of an original or rotated orientation. Additional optimization may be achieved by sorting the plurality of images into different image sets using different ordering schemes. Each set may be arranged in sequence into one or more media areas. Then, the ordering scheme that results in fewer total media areas may be selected for arranging the plurality of images into a minimum number of media areas.
|
['G06K1500']
|
summary
|
11,483,113
|
[description] The invention and its various embodiments can now be better understood by turning to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which are presented as illustrated examples of the invention defined in the claims. It is expressly understood that the invention as defined by the claims may be broader than the illustrated embodiments described below. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the contemplated personal computer having a figurine enclosure. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the contemplated personal computer having a puppy figurine enclosure. FIG. 3 is an explosive view of the embodiment in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the current invention.
|
['G06F116']
|
detailed_description
|
12,073,820
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an ultraviolet ray sterilization device, more particularly one, which allows water to be exposed to ultraviolet ray for longer time so that water can be thoroughly sterilized, and which is structured in such a manner that the various internal components such as the ultraviolet ray lamp tube can be replaced relatively easily. 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art People can use water filters to remove dangerous contaminants owing to the increasing concern over the quality and safety of tap water, which is nevertheless the more economical choice if one is only choosing between tap water and bottled water. And, water filters are getting popular because more people have begun to realize that drinking filtered water is a much more economical practiced than drinking bottled water, and pure water product of water filters can be cleaner and safer to drink than bottled water. An ultraviolet ray sterilization device can be connected to a water filter to kill germ and microorganism in water passed through the filter so that water is even safer to drink. A common ultraviolet ray sterilization device consists of a sealed stainless steel tube, a quartz tube held in the stainless steel tube, and an ultraviolet ray lamp tube held in the quartz tube. When water is passed through the space between the quartz tube and the stainless steel tube from an inlet on one end of the sterilization device, it will be exposed to ultraviolet ray to be sterilized. Next, the sterilized water will flow out through an outlet on the other end of the ultraviolet ray sterilization device. The above ultraviolet ray sterilization device is found to have the following drawbacks: 1. Water will travel from the inlet to the outlet along a substantially straight path. In other words, the length of time water is exposed to ultraviolet ray in the stainless tube of the sterilization device totally depends on the length of the ultraviolet ray lamp tube. If the ultraviolet ray lamp tube is short, water can't be sufficiently sterilized with the sterilization device. 2. The stainless steel tube is sealed up, and can't be easily opened. Therefore it is difficult for the user to replace the quartz tube and the ultraviolet ray lamp tube after they have been used for a certain amount of time. Therefore, it is a main object of the present invention to provide an improvement on an ultraviolet ray sterilization device to overcome the above problems.
|
['A61L210' 'C02F132']
|
background
|
12,501,322
|
[summary] An apparatus for handling cards has a card dispensing end. The card dispensing end has a base plate for supporting cards being manually removed from the card dispensing end. At least one upper plate is provided and is spaced apart from the base plate. The upper plate has a substantially u-shaped opening for manual removal of cards positioned between the base plate and the upper plate. A space defined by the distance between the upper plate and the base plate defines a slot. In one embodiment, the plates are parallel and a slot depth is substantially uniform for at least a length of a short side of a card. The slot is large enough for a card to pass through. First and second spaced apart card guides define side edges of the slot. The first card guide is shorter in length than the second card guide, defining an offset in a first direction of travel of cards being removed. The terminal end of the second card guide extends beyond an end of the first card guide. The card guides are elongated and function to retain cards in an orientation that enables accurate sensing of card suit and rank. In one embodiment, the card guides function to force the short side of the cards to remain substantially perpendicular to the CIS line sensor. A method of delivering a playing card from a playing card handling device is disclosed. The method comprises the step of providing a playing card delivery area defined by an upper plate with a finger slot, a base plate, a first card guide and a second spaced apart card guide. These components define an output slot through which playing cards can be slidably removed. The second card guide extends further in a first direction of travel of cards than the first guide. The method includes the additional steps of placing a playing card in the playing card delivery area; the dealer moving a leading edge of the card in a first direction of travel until a trailing edge of the card clears a terminal end of the first card guide; and the dealer moving the card in at least one additional direction of travel before the card completely exists the card dispensing end.
|
['A63F114']
|
summary
|
11,693,011
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to power over Ethernet (PoE) systems and methods and, more particularly, to the continual cable thermal monitoring using cable characteristic considerations for PoE applications. 2. Introduction The IEEE 802.3af PoE standard provides a framework for delivery of power from power source equipment (PSE) to a powered device (PD) over Ethernet cabling. In this PoE process, a valid device detection is first performed. This detection process identifies whether or not it is connected to a valid device to ensure that power is not applied to non-PoE capable devices. After a valid PD is discovered, the PSE can optionally perform a power classification. IEEE 802.3af defines five power classes for a PD device. The completion of this power classification process enables the PSE to manage the power that is delivered to the various PDs connected to the PSE. This PoE application is a relatively new application that is being applied to an existing cabling infrastructure. Significantly, this cabling infrastructure was not originally designed for the distribution of power. Accordingly, the provision of power over the cabling infrastructure can introduce unintended effects such as heat. This heat can be generated through the transmission of current in the cable itself or in surrounding cables. The dissipation of this heat can be constricted due to physical constraints such as conduits, poor air circulation, etc. PoE systems must account for this heat during operation. These considerations are likely to play an even greater role in the administration of high-power PoE systems such as that proposed by the IEEE 802.3at specification. What is needed therefore is a mechanism that enables the PoE system to account for the existence of heat in the cabling infrastructure in an active manner.
|
['G05B1101']
|
background
|
12,536,416
|
[summary] The present invention is conceived to solve the aforementioned problems of the existing concentration devices. The object of the present invention is to provide an energy concentration device of united reflection with multilevel solar cell array, when it is attached to the solar concentration device. It is possible to attach to either fixed type or movable type of a solar concentration device. To maximise the availability of sunlight, the solar cells are arrayed multilevel to enhance the concentration efficiency in the process of reflecting and absorbing sunlight continuously. Another objective of the present invention is to provide an energy concentration device of united reflection with multilevel solar cell array, which improves the effectiveness of the reflection of the collected sunlight which is reflecting on the reflection surfaces of the installed reflectors on the sides of a third solar cell which is firstly collecting sunlight. According to an aspect of the present invention for achieving the mentioned objective, the present invention comprises a housing and solar cell parts, which are multilevel arrayed inside or outside the housing in such a way that part of concentrated sunlight is absorbed through each of the multilevel solar cells and the rest of sunlight is absorbed overall in the iterating process of reflecting sunlight on the multilevel solar cells. In addition, in the aspect of the present invention, the above mentioned solar cell parts have a special feature of locating at least two levels. In addition, in the aspect of the present invention, the solar cell parts of upper levels, which the concentrated sunlight passes through, have a special feature of forming a hole, except the lowest level of the solar cell part. In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the above mentioned solar cell array has a special feature of installing reflectors on the sides of the solar cell part, attached in the lowest level of the housing, which is firstly sunlight is collected through among the solar cell parts. In addition, in the aspect of the present invention, each the above mentioned solar cell array has a special feature of absorbing sunlight from both sides of the arrayed solar cell parts. 3. The Effect of the Invention Such an energy concentration device of united reflection with multilevel solar cell array, when it is attached to the solar concentration device, it is possible to attach to both fixed type and movable type. To maximise the sunlight availability in the process of reflecting and absorbing sunlight continuously, the solar cell parts are arrayed multilevel. They are also improving the collection efficiency. They can improve the reflecting effectiveness of the collected sunlight reflecting on the reflection surface, installing reflectors on the sides of the number 3 solar cell part which is firstly collecting sunlight.
|
['H01L31052']
|
summary
|
12,196,525
|
[description] tag. FIG. 5 is a conceptual time chart of operation procedures before a bidding executed by the auction bidding system. FIG. 6 is a conceptual time chart of operation procedures after a bidding executed by the auction bidding system.
|
['H04Q522' 'G06Q3000']
|
detailed_description
|
11,155,311
|
[invention] Most bicycles have multiple gears with front and rear derailleurs to change gears. A front derailleur is used to shift a bicycle chain between two or more chain rings of a crankset. Chain rings vary in diameter, each having a different number of teeth for engagement with the bicycle chain. The force required to turn the crankset is determined, in part, by the size of the particular chain ring the bicycle chain is engaged with. The size of the chain ring can also determine the number of revolutions that will be required of the crankset in order to travel a certain distance. By changing the chain engagement from a chain ring of one size to another, the bicyclist can strategically choose how much force will be required to be applied to the crankset, as well has how many revolutions the crankset will make in order to travel a relative distance. Conventional bicycle frames are configured with a seat tube joined at one end to a down tube with a bottom bracket lug. The bottom bracket lug supports the “bottom bracket” consisting of the bottom bracket spindle, bearings, races, lock rings, spacers and the like, that are configured to couple with, and allow rotation of, the crankset. The opposite end of the seat tube conventionally supports a seat post and seat for the rider. A front derailleur is typically mounted on the seat tube of a bicycle frame and near the chain rings. Not all bicycle frames have a complete seat tube. For example, some full-suspension mountain bikes have a short seat tube stub for mounting a front derailleur that serves the purpose of a frame structural member for mounting the front derailleur. For simplicity of discussion, it will be assumed that the term “seat tube” denotes a full conventional seat tube or the more recent short seat tube stub for mounting the front derailleur. A crankset attaches to opposite ends of a bottom bracket spindle. One arm of the crankset is simply a crank arm with a pedal designed to engage the bottom bracket spindle. The other arm of the crankset may include up to 3 chain rings. A front derailleur is required to shift the chain between the chain rings. The chain rings are typically arranged so as to be concentric with, and parallel to, each other. The smallest chain ring is typically closest to the bicycle frame with the chain rings progressively growing in diameter as they get further from the bike frame. The purpose of a conventional front derailleur is to urge the bicycle chain laterally away from the currently engaged chain ring and towards a chain ring selected by the rider through means of a properly connected shifting device also known as a “shifter.” Front derailleurs of various designs have been utilized to perform this function and most have similar features. Construction and operation of a basic front derailleur are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,734,083 to Nagano. The Nagano front derailleur includes a member for fixing the front derailleur to the bicycle, a four pin linkage mechanism to effect a pantographic type movement of two guide members, the guide members typically being designated as the inner guide member and the outer guide member. When the assembly is activated to move away from the bicycle frame and toward a larger chain ring, the inner guide pushes the bicycle chain laterally away from the bike frame until the bicycle chain leaves the currently engaged chain ring and engages the next chain ring. The action of urging the bicycle chain onto a larger chain ring often involves the step of pressing the bicycle chain against the side of the larger chain ring. By pressing the bicycle chain against the chain ring, friction combines with the circular motion of the chain ring to “pull” the bicycle chain up and onto the chain ring. When the assembly is activated to move toward the bicycle frame and toward a smaller chain ring, the outer guide urges the bicycle chain in a similar manner, with the outer guide pressing the bicycle chain off of the larger chain ring, and then allowing the bicycle chain to fall onto the smaller chain ring. The inner and outer guides are spaced at a width which is wider than that of the bicycle chain, often one and a half to two times as wide as the bicycle chain. This allows the bicycle chain to run between the guides without contacting the guides while also allowing for some lateral movement of the bicycle chain which occurs when the bicycle chain is changed from one gear to another by a rear derailleur on a rear sprocket set also referred to as a “cluster” or “cassette”. The inner and outer guides each typically comprise a substantially flat elongated surface. The guides are placed substantially parallel to one another and are connected together with a front and rear link. An elongated spatial channel, often referred to as a cage is, thus, defined by the inner and outer guides and the front and rear links. The bicycle chain then passes through the cage without touching the inner and outer guides or the front and rear links during normal operation. There are typically multiple links of chain within the spatial area defined by the cage at any given time. Conventional front derailleurs move a conventional chain guide in an essentially lateral movement away from or toward the bicycle frame when shifting. There is very little vertical movement associated with conventional front derailleur shifting. For example, a conventional mountain bike front derailleur, such as the Shimano® XTR™ model FD-952 front derailleur, provides approximately 2.1 cm of lateral (horizontal and essentially perpendicular to any plane of any chain ring) movement of the chain guide when shifting from smallest to largest chain ring or vice versa over a triple crankset. As the movement of such a conventional front derailleur is not precisely linear, there is approximately 1-2 mm of vertical movement during a full sweep
|
['F16H6100']
|
background
|
11,322,782
|
[invention] Cordless power tools are typically powered by portable battery packs. These battery packs range in battery chemistry and nominal voltage and can be used to power numerous tools and electrical devices. Typically, the battery chemistry of a power tool battery is either Nickel-Cadmium (“NiCd”) or Nickel-Metal Hydride (“NiMH”). The nominal voltage of the battery pack usually ranges from about 2.4 V to about 24 V.
|
['H02J700']
|
background
|
11,396,293
|
Automated prescription dispensing system and method of use [SEP] [abstract] An automated prescriptions dispensing system includes a patient interface portion, a dispensing portion and a control portion. The dispensing portion holds and dispenses medication. The control portion tracks the medication and controls dispensing and the patient interface portion enables a patient to input information to cause the medication to be dispensed. The control portion can also be used to verify refill prescriptions which exceed the number originally authorized. It can also be used to send information to a central processing station which fills the prescriptions and returns them to the local pharmacy.
|
['G06F1700']
|
abstract
|
11,348,527
|
Methods for accelerating wound healing by administration of adipokines [SEP] [abstract] Methods for inducing or accelerating a healing process of a damaged skin or skin wounds are described. The methods include administering to the skin cells colonizing the damaged skin or skin wound a therapeutically effective amount of an adipokine, an adipocyte or preadipocyte modulator, adipocytes, preadipocytes, or stem cells, or transforming the skin cells colonizing the damaged skin or skin wound such as to express and secrete an adipokine, thereby inducing or accelerating the healing process of the damaged skin or skin wound.
|
['A61K3819' 'A61K3818' 'A61K3848']
|
abstract
|
12,284,058
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adapter for an electrical device, and more particularly, to an adapter for an electrical device which can stably supply external power to the electrical device and has improved durability. 2. Description of the Related Art In general, electrical devices are products using batteries. Such electrical devices are usually displayed in street sales booths for sale. Continued use of displayed electrical devices can be inconvenient for the person working at the booth or display since a battery must be changed when the battery is discharged due to repetitive use/testing. In order to solve this problem, a power input terminal of the electrical device can be connected to an external power supply device to continuously charge the battery of the electrical device or otherwise bypass the battery. For example, a power input terminal is included in an electrical device so that the device can be connected to an external power supply device, such as a plug, so that DC power can be supplied to the electrical device. However, in this case, if the electrical device is repeatedly tested or otherwise used while being displayed in a sales booth, the power input terminal of the electrical device may be frequently separated from the external power supply device. Thus the power input terminal and the external power supply device are repeatedly connected to and separated from each other, thus causing damage or excessive wear and tear to the power input terminal. In particular, if such a damaged electrical device is left in the case of an unguarded sales booth, the product image and sales performance thereof are degraded. In one conventional solution to this problem, a battery is removed from a battery insertion part of an electrical device and a fake battery is inserted to replace the removed battery. The fake battery includes a flexible printed circuit board that is exposed outside the electrical device when the fake battery is installed in the device so that a free end of the flexible printed circuit board can be connected to an external power source device. However, in this case, the flexible printed circuit board is likely to be snapped or otherwise broken or damaged since the electrical device is displayed on a sales booth and repeatedly used.
|
['H01R1362']
|
background
|
12,283,457
|
[summary] Accordingly, a protective structure is formed having at least one irregular side surface and extending beyond the height of a fuse structure to more effectively protect an adjacent integrated circuit structure. In one embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor fuse box includes a fuse structure and a protective structure disposed between the fuse structure and an integrated circuit structure. The protective structure has at least one irregular side surface. In a further embodiment of the present invention, a passivation layer surrounds the fuse structure, and the protective structure is comprised of a material filling a protective opening through the passivation layer. In one example embodiment of the present invention, for forming the protective opening, a plurality of initial openings are formed through the passivation layer. Thereafter, an isotropic etch is performed such that the initial openings expand to merge together into the protective opening with the at least one irregular side wall. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the fuse structure is comprised of a fuse and a fuse cap disposed on the fuse. In another embodiment of the present invention, the irregular side surface is comprised of a plurality of dimples formed into the side surface. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the protective structure is disposed between the fuse structure and another fuse structure. In another embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor fuse box further includes an additional protective structure having at least one irregular side surface and disposed between the fuse structure and another integrated circuit structure. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the protective structure extends beyond a top and a bottom of the fuse structure along the height of the fuse structure. In an example embodiment of the present invention, the protective structure is comprised of one of polysilicon or a material having a melting point higher than that of the fuse structure. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the semiconductor fuse box further includes a pad formed at a bottom of the protective structure and support lines formed to the sides of the pad. In another embodiment of the present invention, a semiconductor fuse box includes a fuse structure and a protective structure disposed between the fuse structure and an integrated circuit structure. The semiconductor fuse box also includes a pad formed at a bottom of the protective structure and support lines formed to the sides of the pad. In an example embodiment of the present invention, each of the pad and the support lines is comprised of one of polysilicon or a material having a melting point higher than that of the fuse structure. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the pad and the support lines are formed at a lower depth from a bottom of the fuse structure. In this manner, the protective structure with or without the bottom pad extends beyond the top and bottom along the height of the fuse structure to more effectively prevent damage to the adjacent integrated circuit structure from a laser beam directed to the fuse structure. In addition, the irregular side surfaces of the protective structure more effectively absorb the damaging forces of the laser beam directed to the fuse structure.
|
['H01L23525']
|
summary
|
12,036,726
|
[summary] A hydraulic pressure damping device comprises a valve body provided with a water inlet conjoint with a water outlet of pipeline, and the other end is separately provided with a joint port conjoint with the water inlet, a water outlet is open formed on the joint port, and one end of a control valve is provided with a first joint and the other end is provided with a second joint. A waterway is axially provided passing through the first joint and the second joint, in which the first joint is conjoint with the joint port to valve the switch between the water inlet and the water outlet. A hydraulic pressure damper is fixed onto the second joint and communicates with the water inlet through the waterway. In the hydraulic pressure damping device according to this invention, the valve body is directly provided with the hydraulic pressure controller so that the hydraulic pressure controller may be easily installed or replaced and its materials may be reduced.
|
['F16K4702']
|
summary
|
12,385,278
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a view showing an equivalent circuit of an organic EL element; FIG. 2 is views showing characteristics of the organic EL element; FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a conventional structure controlling an operational voltage based on the forward voltage of a light emitting element; FIG. 4 is a block diagram for explaining operations of a case where trouble occurs in a part of the structure shown in FIG. 3; FIG. 5 is a connection diagram showing a structure of a part of an active drive type light emitting display panel to which the present invention can be applied and peripheral circuits thereof; FIG. 6 is a connection diagram showing a structure of a part of a passive drive type light emitting display panel to which the present invention can be applied and peripheral circuits thereof; FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a structure according to the present invention in which an operational voltage is controlled based on the forward voltages of light emitting elements; FIG. 8 is a block diagram explaining operations of a case where trouble occurs in a part of the structure shown in FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a case where a first example of the voltage limiter shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is adopted; FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a case where a second example of the voltage limiter is adopted similarly; FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a case where a third example of the voltage limiter is adopted similarly; FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a case where a first example including a switching element in the voltage limiter is adopted; FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a case where a second example including a switching element in the voltage limiter is adopted similarly; and FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a structure in which a control signal supplied to a switching regulator can be switched to a control signal having a predetermined value.
|
['G06F3038']
|
detailed_description
|
12,060,813
|
[claim] 1. A tie-down strap system comprising: a tie-down strap; an enclosure; an enclosure with an open top end; an enclosure with a void in the bottom of the enclosure; an enclosure where the tie-down strap passes through said enclosure; an enclosure that is secured to tie-down strap; an enclosure that become a storage device; an enclosure that can be stored in a hanging position; an enclosure that closes by means of a drawstring; a drawstring with a locking mechanism; a termination feature located on the loose end of the strap. 2. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said tie-down strap consists of a fixed strap permanently attached to a tightening mechanism and strap end attachment system (ie hook). 3. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said tie-down strap consists of an length adjustable loose end of the strap that is threaded through tightening mechanism with strap end attachment system (ie hook). 4. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure is made of nylon, neoprene, polyester, canvas, leather, or other like materials. 5. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure to have a cushioning effect. 6. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure with interior volume large enough to contain entire tie-down system. 7. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure has an open top end which is large enough to except excess strapping material. 8. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure has an open top end which is large enough to except tie-down strap tightening mechanism. 9. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure allows the existing tie-down strap and method of attachment (ie hook) to pass through before said open top end and void in the bottom of enclosure. 10. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure is secured to the tie-down strap. 11. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said drawstring allows the enclosure to close-off open top end of enclosure. 12. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said drawstring has a locking mechanism that locks the drawstring in place. 13. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure becomes a storage device for the remainder of the tie-down system. 14. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said enclosure can be used to stored the remainder of the tie-down system in a hanging position. 15. A tie-down strap system as in claim 1 wherein said termination feature prevents the loose adjustable end of the strap from sliding through tightening mechanism. 16. The design of claim 10, wherein said tie-down passes through void in the bottom of enclosure that is free sliding, sewn, glued, or otherwise attached. 17. The design of claim 15, wherein said termination feature is a grommet, fastener, button, or extra folded strapping.
|
['B25B2500' 'B65D3300' 'B65D3328']
|
claim
|
12,044,260
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to devices for use in the rapid cooling of fluids in various containers, and more particularly to such devices suitable for cooling large quantities of extremely hot liquids such as soups, stocks, sauces, and the like, especially in a commercial kitchen. 2. Description of the Related Art In the food preparation industry, kitchens create stock to be used in gravy, soups, and other foods served along with meals. The stock is made by cooking meat, bones, fat in water to a temperature of 190° Fahrenheit to both pasteurize and allow the heated water to absorb the fat. It is currently common practice to create between 1 and 100 gallons of stock and let it sit in an open pot. The pot is usually stored in either a kitchen sink or a refrigerator/freezer. Often, as the stock is cooling off, airborne contaminants may enter the stock creating a safety and health hazard in the kitchen and ultimately to the consumer. Bacteria also grows extremely rapidly in the temperature range between 140° and 41° F., often doubling every 20 minutes in this temperature range. The stock often takes between 1 to 7 hours to chill depending on the quantity and method of chilling. There are several conventional methods of chilling stock. A common method is simply to place the stock into a refrigerator. Given that it takes two hours to chill 12 oz. of liquid in this manner, chilling a commercial quantity of stock in this manner requires an extremely long time (several hours, depending on the quantity to be chilled) to bring the stock down to a safe temperature of 40° F., and it often puts considerable strain on the refrigerator, raises the temperature of the refrigerator, and thus threatens the safety of all the food stored therein. Refrigerators are ill-served for this practice because they are not designed to chill hot food quickly (they are simply designed to keep cold food cold). Even food that is chilled in ambient air to room temperature (˜70° F.) and then placed in a refrigerator will still require a lot more chilling time to get to 40° F. The process may be accelerated by chilling the food in an ice water bath and then placing it into a refrigerator, however this will still take at least two hours and require a very large ice water bath to accommodate large quantities of food. One conventional method that is slightly better than those mentioned above is to pour the stock/food into one gallon bags, place the bags into a cold water bath for at least an hour, and then place the bags into a refrigerator. Even so, there are drawback to this method, as it still takes too long and results in many individual units of stock/food that cannot be stored in a space-efficient manner (owing to the lack of a discrete shape to the bag). Also, the cold water bath temperature rises precipitously and the compressor is not strong enough to keep up with the rising temperature. As such, it is frequently necessary to add ice to the cold water bath. Another conventional way to hasten the cooling of such liquids is the use of a cold paddle or ice paddle such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,058,396 to Faiola. Typically, a plastic wand or paddle having one or more projections is filled with a cooling medium such as water, cooled or frozen in a refrigerator or freezer, and inserted into and stirred within the hot stock/food to hasten the cooling of the stock/food. There are many problems with such a device. First, the paddle must be inserted and stirred manually, which requires great effort on the part of the stirrer. Also, the stirrer must be positioned substantially right over or in front of the open vat of stock, which is an excellent way of communicating bacteria from the stirrer to the food. Additionally, the paddle is made of a lightweight material such as plastic to make it easy to handle, however plastic is not an exceptionally efficient transmitter of heat (i.e., it has good insulative properties). The paddle itself may also be contaminated with bacteria or traces of other foods into which it had previously been dipped, thereby directly introducing bacteria, allergens, or other undesirable foreign agents into the food. Other conventional methods include using a device called a “blast chiller”, which is essentially a very powerful refrigerator. Typical blast chillers are manufactured by the Traulsen company of Fort Worth, Tex. However, a typical blast chiller will still take 90 minutes to cool 24 gallons of food from 135° F. to 40° F. Such a device would require about 2½ hours to cool 24 gallons of food from 190° F. to 40° F. and does not really benefit the commercial kitchen that generates up to 100 gallons of food at a time. Another existing device is called a tumble chiller which resembles an extremely large washing machine. It consists of a 4-5 foot diameter rotating drum disposed within an even larger water bath, and it accepts 4-8 quart bags of food. The food bags are sloshed around in the drum until cool. Typical tumble chillers are manufactured by the Cleveland Range company of Cleveland, Ohio. There are several disadvantages to the tumble chiller. First, it occupies an enormous amount of space. Second, it requires a large number of very small bags of material to be cooled. Third, because the bags flop around within the rotating drum, there is a significant chance of breakage. Additionally, when the bags are removed, because they have no discernible shape, they are difficult to stack and store. Devices exist to chill beverages from room temperature to about 40° F., such as those described in described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,580,405 to Cretemeyer, III (which works poorly) and U.S. Pat. No. 5,505,054 to Loibl et al. (which works exceptionally quickly and efficiently), the teachings of which are incorporated by reference
|
['F25D1700' 'F25D2500' 'F25D3100']
|
background
|
11,542,150
|
[claim] 1. A magnetostrictive torque sensor comprising: a rotating shaft that is rotated by an applied torque; magnetostrictive regions formed around an entire circumferential periphery of a surface of the rotating shaft in at least one location; sensor coils for sensing a change in impedance of the magnetostrictive regions; and torque calculating means for calculating the torque applied to the rotating shaft on the basis of a signal corresponding to the change in impedance outputted from the sensor coils, wherein a width of the magnetostrictive regions in an axial direction of the rotating shaft and a width of the sensor coils in an axial direction of the rotating shaft are set to fulfill the relationship 1<(W1/W2)<1.35. 2. The magnetostrictive torque sensor of claim 1, wherein the magnetostrictive regions are magnetostrictive films produced based on formation of magnetostrictive plating parts on the surface of the rotating shaft. 3. The magnetostrictive torque sensor of claim 2, wherein a material of the magnetostrictive films is an Ni—Fe alloy. 4. An electrically powered steering apparatus comprising: a steering shaft; a magnetostrictive torque sensor provided on the steering shaft for sensing a steering torque applied to the steering shaft, the magnetostrictive torque sensor comprising magnetostrictive regions formed around the entire circumferential periphery of a surface of the steering shaft in at least one location, sensor coils for sensing a change in impedance of the magnetostrictive regions, and torque calculating means for calculating the torque applied to the steering shaft on the basis of a signal corresponding to the change in impedance outputted from the sensor coils, a width of the magnetostrictive regions in the axial direction of the steering shaft and a width of the sensor coils in the axial direction of the steering shaft being set to fulfil the relationship 1<(W1/W2)<1.35; an electric motor for applying an auxiliary steering force to the steering shaft in accordance with the steering torque sensed by the magnetostrictive torque sensor; and control means for controlling the driving of the electric motor on the basis of a signal pertaining to the steering torque sensed from the magnetostrictive torque sensor. 5. The electrically powered steering apparatus of claim 4, wherein the magnetostrictive regions of the magnetostrictive torque sensor are magnetostrictive films produced based on formation of magnetostrictive plating parts on the surface of the steering shaft. 6. The electrically powered steering apparatus of claim 5, wherein the magnetostrictive films are formed of an Ni—Fe alloy.
|
['G01L300']
|
claim
|
11,936,561
|
ROTARY VALVE LEVER APPARATUS HAVING INTERCHANGEABLE SHAFT ADAPTOR INSERTS [SEP] [abstract] Rotary valve lever apparatus having removable shaft adaptor inserts are described. An example lever apparatus includes a lever arm to rotatably mount to a stem of an actuator. The lever apparatus also includes a first opening having a first splined inner surface to receive a splined shaft, and a second opening adjacent the first opening and having a second splined inner surface to receive at least a portion of an insert member having a splined outer surface.
|
['F16K3144']
|
abstract
|
11,976,577
|
Surface coverings containing aluminum oxide [SEP] [abstract] A surface covering comprising at least one layer containing aluminum oxide is disclosed. Preferably, the aluminum oxide is present in the outermost layer of the surface covering which is exposed to the environment. A method to improve wear and/or stain resistance to a surface covering is also disclosed and includes adding an effective amount of aluminum oxide to a top coat layer or outermost layer of a surface covering. Methods of making the surface covering are also disclosed.
|
['B32B516' 'B05D112' 'E04F1500']
|
abstract
|
11,324,435
|
[description] It will be readily understood that the components of the present invention, as generally described and illustrated in the Figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of the apparatus, system, and method of the present invention, as presented in the Figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Many of the functional units described in this specification have been labeled as modules, in order to more particularly emphasize their implementation independence. For example, a module may be implemented as a hardware circuit comprising custom
|
['G06F1342']
|
detailed_description
|
12,607,514
|
[claim] 1. A code carrier comprising: a substrate; and a plurality of barcodes printed on the substrate with adjacent barcodes angled relative to each other, including adjacent barcodes angled obliquely relative to each other, the barcodes corresponding to independent entities. 2. The code carrier of claim 1 including barcodes for product related coupons. 3. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the code carrier includes at least one graphic personalized to a user. 4. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the code carrier includes at least one set of data, in addition to the barcodes, printed on the substrate. 5. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a card. 6. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a key tag. 7. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a cover. 8. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the plurality of barcodes includes at least one barcode of a store account. 9. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the plurality of barcodes includes at least one barcode of a membership account. 10. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein each barcode of the plurality of barcodes is associated with a distinctive color distinguishing the barcode from other barcodes. 11. The code carrier of claim 1 wherein the plurality of barcodes includes at least five barcodes printed on a side of the substrate. 12. A code carrier comprising: a substrate; and a plurality of barcodes printed on the substrate, each barcode associated by distinctive color that distinguishes the barcode from other barcodes, the barcodes corresponding to independent entities. 13. A method of manufacturing a code carrier comprising: establishing a user account and storing identifiers corresponding to independent entities in the user account; providing barcodes corresponding to the identifiers on the code carrier; and forwarding the code carrier to the user. 14. The method of claim 13 further including receiving the identifiers from the user, the identifiers including a graphic personalized to the user and providing includes providing the graphic on the code carrier. 15. The method of claim 13 further including receiving the identifiers from the user, the identifiers including a set of data in addition to the identifiers and providing includes providing the set of data on the code carrier. 16. The method of claim 13 further including arranging the barcodes on the code carrier such that no barcode is within ten degrees of rotation from another barcode. 17. The method of claim 13 further including arranging the barcodes on the code carrier such that all adjacent barcodes are angled relative to each other. 18. The method of claim 13 further including automatically arranging the barcodes on the code carrier. 19. The method of claim 13 wherein the barcodes are associated with distinctive colors. 20. The method of claim 13 wherein the barcodes are surrounded with distinctive colors. 21. A method of claim 13 wherein the code carrier is an electronic device having a display and the barcodes are stored electronically in the device for display on the display. 22. An electronic code carrier comprising: a display; electronics storing a plurality of barcodes for display on the display, the barcodes corresponding to independent entities.
|
['G06K1906']
|
claim
|
11,890,625
|
[description] The following is a description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention by referring to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram of a service provision system configuration including a diagnosis according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present embodiment is described by exemplifying a portable phone as portable information equipment; it may be, however, a personal digital assistant (PDA). It is also described by exemplifying a vehicle (e.g., an automobile) as a mobile body that is a diagnosed piece of equipment; however, the equipment may be heavy equipment, a vessel, a flying body, et cetera, in lieu of being limited to an automobile. It may also be applicable to a personal use or a business use. Meanwhile, it is described by exemplifying an automobile manufacturer producing vehicles as a service provision body, and further exemplifying the case of furnishing an affiliated dealer selling vehicles of the aforementioned automobile manufacturer with a service provision system introduction terminal. Block A of FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a shop scene of an affiliated dealer 1 for a customer user purchasing an automobile 2, where the user enters into a contract for purchasing the automobile 2 and a service contract including a diagnosis related to an operation condition of a mobile body in correlation with data acquired from a portable phone 3 and a car audio/video apparatus (A/V) 4 (including a car navigation system). Under this contract, application software enables the importation of data necessary for implementing a service, including diagnosis. This application software is installed onto a user's portable phone 3 from a service provision system introduction terminal 5 installed at the affiliated dealer's 1 shop. Block B of FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a scene of a user driving an automobile with a portable phone 3 placed at a prescribed position of the vehicle (e.g., a portable phone connection box or holder placed on the dash board.) Raw data from various sensors, that is, an in-vehicle sensor 6 equipped in an automobile 2 and information such as latitude, longitude, geographical name, road number, et cetera, are put together and transmitted from a car A/V 4 to a portable phone 3. In this case, the aforementioned data and information are converted into a prescribed format and stored in a storage medium comprised by a portable phone 3. A configuration of the storage medium comprised by a portable phone 3 is described later. Block C of FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a scene of a diagnosis service request after a user leaves an automobile 2 behind and comes home carrying a portable phone 3 with her/him. The user makes a home PC 7 call a diagnosis system by opening a Web page that enables access to the diagnosis service provided by the automobile manufacturer 8 (hereinafter abbreviated as “carmaker”) by way of the Internet, transfers data for a diagnosis (hereinafter named “diagnosis data”) stored on the storage medium of a portable phone 3 to a PC 7, and requests the diagnosis system provided by the carmaker 8 for a diagnosis service. A Web function provided by a carmaker 8 is described in detail later. Note that the diagnosis service request can also be made from her/his office if there is a specific PC available, and not only from a home. FIG. 4 is a diagram describing the content of the procedure shown by block A of FIG. 3. A means of transmitting in-vehicle sensor data to the car A/V 4 is preinstalled when the automobile is manufactured. The car A/V 4 is equipped with means for converting data from various sensors equipped in the automobile 2 as well as navigational information (e.g., latitude and longitude) into a format that a portable phone 3 may receive. The affiliated dealer delivers an automobile 2 to the user with the means of transmitting and means for converting already equipped. Also, at the time of contracting, the present service may install application software on the user's portable phone 3 by connecting the portable phone 3 to the service provision system introduction terminal 5 via a cable interface such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) and RS232C for receiving various sensor data of the automobile 2. Also, user identification information (e.g., ID and password) is assigned to the user for accessing a carmaker's 8 Web page so that the user can register with the carmaker. The user receives this present service by accessing the carmaker's 8 Web page by using the ID and password that was assigned to the user in her/his user identification information. Furthermore, the portable phone 3 is furnished with the function of transmitting the diagnosis information stored in the portable phone 3 to the carmaker 8 directly. The service provision system introduction terminal 5 is furnished with the function of receiving a diagnosis result from the carmaker 8. FIG. 5 is a flow chart diagram of the procedure at an affiliated dealer as shown by block A of FIG. 3. The user starts a contract procedure for receiving a service from a service provision system (sometimes abbreviated as “service” hereinafter) including diagnosis provided by the carmaker at the time of purchasing a new automobile (S11). Next is a validation of the user's portable phone's 3 specification, the presence or absence of a home PC 7 and a specification thereof, and a credit card or other payment method (S12). Next there is an explanation of the contract fee (i.e., an introductory fee) and an annual membership fee, and a confirmation of the contract content of the present service (S13). Next, a car A/V (S14) is selected and a total fee including the purchased vehicle and the present service contract (S15) is estimated. Finally, this is followed by entering into a contract (S16). Possible variations, such as failure to contract, or if the user signs up for another service contract, are not discussed because they are outside the scope of the present invention (S17). When the user
|
['B60Q100' 'G08B108']
|
detailed_description
|
11,934,264
|
[claim] 1. A method for retrieving a return address from a link stack when returning from a procedure in a pipeline processor comprising: identifying a retrieve instruction operable to retrieve a return address from a software stack; identifying a branch instruction, operable to branch to the return address; retrieving the return address from the link stack, in response to both the instruction and the branch instruction being identified; and fetching a subsequent instruction using the return address. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the retrieve instruction is a POP instruction. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the retrieve instruction is a load instruction. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the branch instruction is a BX instruction. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the branch instruction is a MOV instruction. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the identifying the retrieve instruction further comprises identifying a register which contains the return address. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying the retrieve instruction further comprises maintaining a register list wherein the register list has a plurality of registers wherein at least one register in the plurality of registers contains the return address. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein maintaining the register list comprises removing registers from the register list if any of the plurality of registers is overwritten by a subsequent instruction. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying the branch instruction is preformed by detection logic circuitry. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the detection logic circuitry is contained with pre-decode logic circuitry. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein the detection logic circuitry is contained with decode logic circuitry 12. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying the branch instruction further comprises flagging the branch instruction in an instruction cache. 13. A pipeline processor comprising: a line buffer, the line buffer coupled to an instruction cache, fetch logic circuitry coupled to the instruction cache, the fetch logic circuitry having a link stack storing predictive return addresses, wherein instructions are loaded from the line buffer into the instruction cache, the fetch logic circuitry retrieving instructions from the instruction cache, pre-decode logic circuitry communicating with the line buffer wherein the pre-decode logic circuitry further comprises detection logic circuitry for identifying a procedure return sequence, the procedure return sequence comprising a retrieve instruction operable to retrieve a return address from a software stack, and a branch instruction branching to the retrieved return address, the pipeline processor retrieving the predicted return address from the link stack in response to the identification of the procedure return sequence. 14. The pipeline processor of claim 13 wherein the detection logic circuitry flags the branch instruction of the procedure return sequence when the branch instruction is loaded from the line buffer into the instruction cache. 15. The pipeline processor of claim 14 wherein the fetch logic circuitry identifies the procedure return sequence from the flagged information. 16. The pipeline processor of claim 15 wherein return selector logic circuitry within the fetch logic circuitry identifies the return sequence from the flagged information. 17. The pipeline processor of claim 13 wherein the retrieve instruction is a POP instruction. 18. The pipeline processor of claim 13 wherein the retrieve instruction is a load instruction. 19. The pipeline processor of claim 13 wherein the branch instruction is a BX instruction. 20. A pipeline processor comprising: fetch logic circuitry having a link stack storing predicted return addresses, the fetch logic circuitry fetching instructions from an instruction cache, decode logic circuitry, the decode logic circuitry coupled to the fetch logic circuitry wherein the fetched instructions are decoded by the decode logic circuitry, the decode logic circuitry further comprising detection logic circuitry, wherein the detection logic circuitry identifies a procedure return sequence comprising a retrieve instruction operable to retrieve an address from a software stack and a branch instruction operable to branch to the retrieved address, the pipeline processor retrieving the predicted return address from the link stack in response to the identification of the procedure return sequence. 21. The pipeline processor of claim 20 wherein the fetch logic circuitry fetches instructions using the retrieved address. 22. The pipeline processor of claim 20 wherein the retrieve instruction is a POP instruction. 23. The pipeline processor of claim 20 wherein the retrieve instruction is a load instruction. 24. The pipeline processor of claim 20 wherein the branch instruction branches to an address identified by the retrieve instruction. 25. The pipeline processor of claim 20 wherein the branch instruction is a MOV instruction.
|
['G06F9312']
|
claim
|
11,638,715
|
[description] Referring to FIG. 1 a first retractable leash assembly 10, according to the present invention, is shown in side view. The first retractable leash assembly 10 includes a convention retractable leash, generally indicated by reference numeral 15, a safety band 20 comprising a strap element wrapped around the wrist of a user, and a tethering element 22 comprising a strap element extending between the safety band 20 and the retractable leash 15 and attached to a gripping handle 42 of the retractable leash 15. Referring to FIG. 2, a second retractable leash assembly 24 according to the present invention is shown in side view. The second retractable leash assembly 24 includes a conventional retractable leash 15, a safety band 26, comprising a cord element wrapped around the wrist of a user, and a tethering element 28, comprising a cord element, extending between the safety band 26 and the retractable leash 15 and attached to a gripping handle 42 of the retractable leash 15. Referring to FIG. 3, a third retractable leash assembly 30 according to the present invention is shown in side view. The third retractable leash assembly 30 includes a conventional retractable leash 32, a safety band 34, comprising a cord element wrapped around the wrist of a user, and a tethering element 36, comprising a cord element extending between the safety band 34 and the retractable leash 32 and attached to an eyelet 52 extending out from the retractable leash gripping handle 50. Referring to FIG. 4, a fourth retractable leash assembly 38 according to the present invention is shown in side view. The fourth retractable leash assembly 38 includes a conventional retractable leash 32, a safety band 39, comprising a cord element wrapped around the wrist of a user, and wherein the safety band 39 further comprises a tethering element extending between the safety band 39 and the retractable leash 32 and attached to an eyelet 52 extending out from the retractable leash gripping handle 50. Referring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, the retractable leash 15 includes a housing 40 formed with an integral gripping handle 42, attached to the housing 40 at a top position 44 and at a bottom position 46, such that the gripping handle 42 encloses an access loop 48. As shown, the access loop 48 passes through the housing 40 and provides access for users fingers to pass between the housing 40 and the gripping handle 42. As is further shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tethering elements 22 and 28 each include a tethering loop 58 and 60 respectively. As will be detailed below, the tethered loops 58 and 60 are configured with a detachable connectors at end of the loop which are used to open the tethering loops 58 and 60 to thread an end of the tethering loops 58 and 60 through the access loop 42 and around the gripping handle 42. Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4 the retractable leash 32 includes a housing 40 formed with a pistol style handle 50. The pistol style handle 50 is formed integral with the housing 40 at the top position 44 but is separated from the housing 40 at the bottom position 46. Accordingly, the pistol style handle 50 provides access for user fingers to pass between the housing 40 and the pistol handle 50, but the pistol handle 50 does not form a closed loop like the access loop 48. The pistol style handle 50 includes an eyelet 52 or other looped attaching element extending out from the pistol handle 50. The eyelet 52 is sized to receive an end of the cord element including any connector attached to the end of the cord element there through for attaching the cord element to the leash housing 40. In each of FIGS. 3 and 4, the safety bands 34 and 39 include detachable connecting elements 62 and 64. The connecting elements 62 and 64 are permanently attached to each end of a cord element and the detachable connecting elements 62 and 64 are configured to attach to each other to form a closed loop. Thus in the example of FIG. 4, a user may detach the connecting elements 62 and 64 to open the loop, feed one of the connecting element 62 or 64 through the eyelet 52 and then reattach the connecting elements 62 and 64 to close the loop. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a cord lock element 66 is also included to adjust the size of the safety loops 26 and 34 to fit the safety bands more snugly over the wrist. The cord lock element 66 includes a pass through aperture 68 for receiving one or both ends of the core element, including one or both of the detachable connecting elements 62 and 64 there through. Referring to FIG. 2, the cord lock element 66 can be installed by passing the safety loop 26 through the pass through aperture 68. Referring to FIG. 3, the cord lock element 66 is installed by first threading one end of the cord, including one of the connecting elements 62 or 64 through the eyelet 52 and then threading both of the connecting elements 62 and 64 through the pass through aperture 68. The cord lock element 66 includes movable internal elements biased by an internal compression spring to lock against a cord element passing through the pass through aperture 68 and to hold the cord lock element at a desired position. One example of a commercially available cord lock elements sold by
|
['A01K2700' 'A44B1102' 'B65H7534']
|
detailed_description
|
11,779,714
|
SEGMENTED CRC DESIGN IN HIGH SPEED NETWORKS [SEP] [abstract] Embodiments of the present invention provide techniques for efficient generation of CRC values in a network environment. Specific embodiments of the present invention enable CRC processing circuits that can generate CRC values at high data throughput rates (e.g., 100 Gbps or greater), while being capable of being implemented on currently available FPGAs. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may be used in network devices such as routers, switches, hubs, host network interfaces and the like to support high speed data transmission standards such as 100G Ethernet and beyond.
|
['G06F15173']
|
abstract
|
11,511,153
|
[invention] 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to production of electronic devices, and more particularly, forming organic material layers in electronic devices using a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) technology. 2. Description of the Related Technology Certain electronic devices include organic layers. For example, an organic light emitting device (OLED) includes various organic layers. Various methods have been used to form such organic layers. For example, such methods include a deposition method, an inkjet method, and a laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI) method. In the LITI method, a film donor device is used to provide a transferable layer. The donor device is placed on a partially fabricated electronic device (intermediate device) such that the transferable layer contacts a surface (receiving surface) of the intermediate device on which the transferable layer is to be transferred. Then, a laser beam is applied onto selected areas of the donor device, which creates heat in the donor device in the selected area. The heat causes delamination of desired portions of the transferable layer. The delaminated portions of the transferable layer remain on the surface of the intermediate device when the donor device is removed. A typical LITI apparatus uses suction to make and keep the transferable layer contact the surface of the intermediate device during this processing. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an LITI apparatus 100 . The LITI apparatus 100 includes a chamber 110 , a substrate support 120 and a laser source or oscillator 130 . The substrate support 120 includes an intermediate device receiving groove 121 to receive an intermediate electronic device 140 therein and a donor device receiving groove 123 to receive a film donor device 150 therein. To transfer organic material portions to the intermediate device with high precision and with fewer defects, a close contact between the transferable layer and the receiving surface is needed. The LITI apparatus 100 includes a suction mechanism to form such a close contact. The suction mechanism includes pipes 161 and 163 and a vacuum pump P. Suction through the pipes 161 brings and keeps the intermediate device (not shown) placed in the groove 121 down. Suction through the pipes 163 brings and keeps the donor device (not shown) placed in the groove 123 down and in contact with the intermediate device. To conduct these suctions, air or other gaseous medium is required within the chamber. However, processes performed prior to or subsequent to the LITI process are typically carried out in a vacuum atmosphere. Thus, the LITI process using the suction described above needs to break the vacuum between the preceding and subsequent processes. The discussion in this section is to provide background information of the related technology and does not constitute an admission of prior art.
|
['B41J238']
|
background
|
12,284,352
|
[invention] Twist-lock photoelectric controllers (referred to herein as a “photocontrol” or a “photocontroller”) are commonly used to automatically switch luminaires on at dusk and off at dawn. These luminaires are typically used to light roadways, parking lots and other large outdoor areas. These devices sense the intensity of the ambient light and switch the luminaires on and off accordingly. For best performance, the manufacturers of these devices recommend that the user orient the photocontroller so that the cell faces in the direction of North, away from direct sunlight. The manufacturers also require a receptacle that can be easily adjusted to provide the desired orientation. Street lighting luminaries are typically provided with an electrical receptacle for receiving a photoelectric controller on the luminaire housing. The receptacle, which is mounted on the top of the housing, is electrically wired into the power supply to the luminaire. A photoelectric controller is plugged into the receptacle to provide photoelectric control of the luminaire. The controller has three prongs which are inserted into corresponding openings in the receptacle by applying downward pressure on the controller. After the prongs are completely inserted, the controller is rotated to lock it in place. After insertion in the receptacle, photoelectric controllers are preferably orientated in a northerly direction (in the northern hemisphere and a southerly direction in the southern hemisphere) to optimize the operation of the photoelectric cell. In one known receptacle, orientation is achieved by loosening a screw in the top of the receptacle, rotating the receptacle until an arrow or other indicia is aimed generally toward North, and then re-tightening the screw. Another receptacle design resiliently attaches the receptacle to the housing surface using a snap ring. By lifting the receptacle, keying pins and recesses in the receptacle and housing are disengaged and the receptacle may be turned to a different orientation. Within the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), there is a committee, C136, which publishes standards defining some of the mechanical and electrical requirements for different types of lighting equipment, including photocontroller receptacles. The relevant standard relating to the present invention is C136.10-2006, titled “American National Standard for Roadway and Area Lighting Equipment—Locking-type Photocontrol and Mating Devices—Physical and Electrical Interchangeability and Testing.” Photocontroller receptacles sold in the United States are required to comply with this standard. The twist-lock photocontrollers that are currently used to automatically control luminaires have several disadvantages. Some of the designs require a screw or other fastening device to be loosened before the receptacle can be re-oriented and then the screw has to be re-tightened. Other designs use a spring to secure the receptacle to the luminaire housing but they tend to become loose and water can enter the housing. Therefore, there is a need for a receptacle that can be easily reoriented without using a tool, while still securing the receptacle to the luminaire housing and preventing water from entering.
|
['H01R1373']
|
background
|
12,320,874
|
[description] The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings, in which: FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate cross-sectional views of multilayer structures, each of which include a second hardmask layer formed using a hardmask composition of the present invention, in lithographic processes for the production of semiconductor integrated circuit devices; FIGS. 3a-3e illustrate exemplary compounds represented by Formula 1; FIGS. 4a-4b illustrate exemplary compounds represented by Formula 2; FIG. 5 illustrates Table 1 listing storage stabilities for samples prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2; FIG. 6 illustrates Table 2 listing Optical properties for samples prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2; FIG. 7 illustrates Table 3 listing Pattern characteristics for samples prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2; and FIG. 8 illustrates Table 4 listing the Pattern shape after etching for samples prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 and 2.
|
['G03F100' 'G03F720']
|
detailed_description
|
11,342,144
|
[claim] 1. A temporary license plate comprising: a printed tag bearing dealership information, expiration date, a reflective background, alphanumeric license indicia, and vehicle identification number alphanumeric indicia. 2. A method for issuing temporary license plates, said method comprising the steps of: logging the issuer on to a computer network using a user name and password; requesting the issue of a new tag; completing an electronic form; submitting the request to the state DMV; generating a tag number at the DMV and transmitting it back to the issuer; and printing the temporary license plate at the issuer's location.
|
['G09F1316']
|
claim
|
11,844,406
|
[summary] It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a method for operating a surgical stapling and cutting device that overcomes the hereinafore-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices and method of this general type. With the foregoing and other objects in view, there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a medical device end effector control assembly for connecting an end effector to a control handle, the control assembly including a control shaft having a longitudinal axis and a handle portion operable to connect the control shaft to a control handle rotatably about the longitudinal axis, a passive articulation joint operable to connect an end effector to the control shaft and a rotatable control device rotationally fixedly connected to at least part of the control shaft to correspondingly rotate the control shaft about the longitudinal axis when the control device is rotated and longitudinally connected to the articulation joint to selectively unlock the articulation joint when actuated. With the objects of the invention in view, there is also provided a medical device, including a control handle having a control shaft with a longitudinal axis, the control shaft connected to the control handle rotatably about the longitudinal axis, a surgical end effector connected to the control handle with a passive articulating connection, and a control device rotationally fixedly connected to at least part of the control shaft to correspondingly rotate the control shaft about the longitudinal axis when the control device is rotated and longitudinally connected to the passive articulating connection to selectively unlock articulation of the end effector. With the objects of the invention in view, there is also provided a medical device, including a control handle having a control shaft with a longitudinal axis, the control shaft connected to the control handle rotatably about the longitudinal axis, a surgical end effector passively articulated with respect to the control shaft and connected through the control shaft to the control handle and a control device rotationally fixedly connected to a part of the control shaft to correspondingly rotate the control shaft about the longitudinal axis when the control device is rotated and operable to selectively unlock passive articulation of the end effector when actuated. With the objects of the invention in view, there is also provided a medical device, including a control handle having a first portion of a passive articulation joint with a longitudinal axis, the first portion being rotatable about the longitudinal axis with respect to the control handle, a surgical end effector having a second portion of the passive articulation joint and being connected through the first portion to the control handle for actuation thereby, the first and second portions of the passive articulation joint connecting the end effector to the control handle in a passive articulation, and a control device rotationally fixedly connected to at least part of the first portion to correspondingly rotate the first portion about the longitudinal axis when the control device is rotated and longitudinally connected to at least a part of the passive articulating joint to selectively unlock passive articulation of the end effector. With the objects of the invention in view, there is also provided a medical device, including an end effector control handle, a control shaft having a longitudinal axis and a handle portion connecting the control shaft to the control handle rotatably about the longitudinal axis, a surgical end effector, a passive articulation joint connecting the end effector to the control shaft, an articulation joint release unlocking the articulation joint when actuated and locking the articulation joint when unactuated, and an end effector control device rotationally fixedly connected to at least a portion of the control shaft to correspondingly rotate the control shaft about the longitudinal axis when the control device is rotated and longitudinally connected to the joint release to selectively unlock the articulation joint when actuated. With the objects of the invention in view, in a medical device having an end effector coupled to a control handle, there is also provided an end effector control assembly including a control shaft having a longitudinal axis and a handle portion connecting the control shaft to the control handle rotatably about the longitudinal axis, a passive articulation joint connecting an end effector to the control shaft, and an end effector control device rotationally fixedly connected to at least part of the control shaft to correspondingly rotate the control shaft about the longitudinal axis when the control device is rotated and longitudinally connected to the articulation joint to selectively unlock the articulation joint when actuated. With the objects of the invention in view, there is also provided a medical device, including an end effector control handle having a distal portion, a control shaft having a longitudinal axis and a handle portion connecting the control shaft to the control handle rotatably about the longitudinal axis, a surgical stapling end effector having a stapling device with staples and a cutting device with a blade. The control handle has a stapler closing actuator operable to close the stapling device when actuated and a staple firing actuator operable to staple the staples with the stapling device and cut with the cutting device when actuated. A passive articulation joint connects the end effector to the control shaft. An articulation joint release unlocks the articulation joint when actuated and locks the articulation joint when unactuated, the stapler closing actuator and the staple firing actuator being different from the articulation joint release. A bell-shaped end effector control device is rotationally fixedly connected to at least a portion of the control shaft to correspondingly rotate the control shaft about the longitudinal axis when the control device is rotated, defines an interior disposed about the distal portion of the end effector control handle, and is longitudinally connected to the joint release to selectively unlock the articulation joint when actuated. In accordance with another feature of the invention, the control device is longitudinally fixedly connected to the articulation joint to selectively unlock the articulation joint when moved longitudinally along the
|
['A61B1710' 'A61B1703']
|
summary
|
12,620,552
|
[invention] The present disclosure generally relates to methods, systems and apparatus for relieving fluid pressure from an organ such as (but not limited to) the eye. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for treating glaucoma by relieving the pressure within the eye. Glaucoma is a disease of the eye that affects millions of people. Glaucoma is associated with an increase in intraocular pressure resulting either from a failure of the eye's drainage system to adequately remove aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye or the overproduction of aqueous humor by the ciliary body. The build-up of aqueous humor and resulting intraocular pressure can cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve and the retina, which may potentially lead to irreversible retinal damage and blindness. Presently, glaucoma can be treated in a number of different ways, The most widely practiced treatment of glaucoma involves delivery of drugs such as beta-blockers or prostaglandins to the eye (typically in the form of eye drops) to either reduce the production of aqueous humor or increase the flow of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye. Glaucoma may also be treated by surgical intervention such as trabeculectomy. Trabeculectomy or similar surgical procedures involve creating conduits between the anterior chamber and the various structures involved in aqueous humor drainage such as Schlemm's canal, the sclera, and the subconjunctival space in order to provide a pathway for the aqueous humor to exit the anterior chamber. While these methods of treating glaucoma have been generally effective, they are not without their drawbacks. In the case of medicinal treatments of the eye, patient compliance is an issue because such treatments require regular (i.e., daily) intervention. With respect to surgical procedures such as a trabeculectomy, such procedures are very invasive and can cause irreversible changes to the eye. For example, trabeculectomy results in the permanent removal of a segment of the trabecular meshwork, inflammation and scarring in the quadrant of the eye where the surgery was performed, and the formation of a filtering bleb. Implantation of shunts such as the Molteno, Barveldt, or Ahmed shunts induce chronic foreign body reactions and the formation of a chronic subconjunctival bleb. In addition, such surgical treatment of glaucoma often requires long healing times and can result in certain complications such as infection, scarring, hypotony or cataracts. More recently, less invasive surgical treatments have been developed. These treatments do not require incision into the conjunctiva of the eye. One example of a less invasive surgical procedure is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,249, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,249 discloses methods and apparatus for introducing a small bioabsorbable and biocompatible drainage canal, referred to therein as a microfistula tube into the portion of the eye that extends from the anterior chamber to the sub-conjunctival space. The procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,249 does not require incision of the conjunctiva. Instead, introduction of the bioabsorbable microfistula tube is accomplished by an ab interno approach—through the cornea of the eye to the desired location (between the anterior chamber and the sub-conjunctival space.) U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,249 also generally describes a delivery apparatus for introducing and implanting the bioabsorbable microfistula tube. U.S. Pat. No. 6,007,511, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, likewise discloses less invasive methods and apparatus for treating glaucoma. As in the above-referenced U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,249, a bioabsorbable drainage tube is introduced into the area between the anterior chamber and the sub-conjunctival space to allow drainage of the aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye. As in U.S. Pat. No. 6,544,249, incision of the conjunctiva is not required. These new procedures for treating glaucoma offer the promise of a long term cure of glaucoma without the shortcomings of medicinal treatments and without the risks associated with the known and presently practiced surgical procedures described above. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide improved methods, systems, channels and delivery apparatus for treating glaucoma specifically and for treating other conditions where drainage of accumulated liquid is desired or required.
|
['A61M100']
|
background
|
11,308,917
|
[summary] A heat dissipation device comprises a first heat transferring body and a second heat transferring body extending from the first heat transferring body with a plurality of second fins mounted thereon. The first heat transferring body has a surface in thermal contact with a component to be cooled and a plurality of first fins mounted thereon. The second heat transferring body with the second fins can dissipate heat originating from the component to be cooled to a place further away from the component to be cooled than the first heat transferring body with the first fins. Other advantages and novel features will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
|
['H05K720' 'H01L2334']
|
summary
|
12,340,895
|
[invention] The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-331892 filed on Dec. 25, 2007 is expressly incorporated by reference herein. 1. Technical Field The present invention relates to a liquid jet apparatus arranged to form predetermined characters and images by emitting microscopic droplets of liquids from a plurality of nozzles to form the microscopic particles (dots) thereof on a medium. 2. Related Art Incidentally, in liquid jet printing apparatuses using the liquid jet apparatus, a drive signal amplified by a power amplifying circuit is applied to an actuator such as a piezoelectric element to emit a jet of a liquid from a nozzle, and if the drive signal is amplified by an analog power amplifier such as a linearly driven push-pull coupled transistor, a substantial power loss is caused, and a large heat sink for radiation is required. Therefore, according to JP-A-2005-329710, the drive signal is amplified using a digital power amplifier, thereby reducing the power loss, and eliminating the heat sink. In the case of power-amplifying the drive signal using the digital power amplifier, it is a common practice to execute pulse modulation on a drive waveform signal acting as the basis for the drive signal, and to execute digital power amplification on the modulated signal. Incidentally, in the case of performing high-quality and high-speed printing with a one-pass operation using a line head printing apparatus, the time required for printing one dot is extremely short. For example, if a piezoelectric element is used as the actuator, it is required to pull in the liquid in the nozzle and then push it out to eject a jet within the short time required for printing a dot, and this requires a drive voltage signal with an accurate trapezoidal waveform. Since the drive waveform signal is as precise as the drive signal, in order for executing accurate pulse modulation on the precise drive waveform signal, it is required to shorten the modulation period, such as the period of a triangular wave for pulse-width modulation, or the sampling period for pulse-density modulation. However, if the modulation period is too short, an extremely short on-duty pulse or off-duty pulse is generated at the low voltage or the high voltage in the case of, for example, the pulse-width modulation, or an extremely short on-duty or off-duty pulse is generated at an intermediate voltage in the case of, for example, the pulse-density modulation, which causes a problem that the accurate drive signal is not obtained in the case in which the switching element of the digital power amplifier does not respond to the short pulse. It is obvious that if the modulation period is made longer in order for eliminating this problem, the follow-up property to the drive waveform signal is degraded, and therefore, the accurate drive signal is not obtained after all.
|
['B41J2015' 'H02N206']
|
background
|
11,249,690
|
[summary] Embodiments of the present invention are directed to offloading the cycle intensive task of re-sequencing TCP packets from host memory. A re-sequencing system utilizes an offload engine to re-sequence out-of-sequence data packets. However, as opposed to re-ordering the actual data packets, no actual data copy is needed. Instead, packet descriptors associated with each data packet are generated, and it is the packet descriptors that are re-sequenced. The data packets themselves are temporarily stored in packet buffers while the packet descriptors are sorted into sequence. The re-sequencing system preferably re-sequences a data stream of TCP data packets received from the network. The re-sequencing system is implemented within a computing device, preferably a personal computer or a server. In one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus to re-sequence data packets includes a decode unit, a host memory, and a scheduler. The decode unit receives a plurality of data packets over one or more data connections, wherein the decode unit outputs a packet descriptor associated with each data packet, further wherein the packet descriptor includes a data packet sequence number associated with the data packet. The host memory includes a data packet memory to store each data packet and a descriptor memory area to store each packet descriptor. The scheduler configures the packet descriptors in-sequence according to the data packet sequence numbers such that each data packet stored in data packet memory is output from host memory according to the configured in-sequence packet descriptors. Preferably, each data connection comprises a TCP connection and each data packet comprises a TCP packet. The data packet memory can be a plurality of packet buffers. The descriptor memory area can include an in-sequence descriptor memory area wherein if the data packet received by the decode unit is in-sequence, then the packet descriptor corresponding to the data packet is stored in the in-sequence descriptor memory area. The descriptor memory area can also include an out-of-sequence descriptor memory area wherein if the data packet output from the decode unit is out-of-sequence, then the packet descriptor corresponding to the out-of-sequence data packet is stored in the out-of-sequence descriptor memory area. The out-of-sequence descriptor memory area can be allocated according to a maximum number of supported simultaneous TCP connections such that each packet descriptor stored in the out-of-sequence descriptor memory area is associated with a particular TCP data connection. The scheduler preferably periodically accesses the packet descriptors in the out-of-sequence descriptor memory area for the particular data connection and sorts the accessed packet descriptors thereby forming a sorted list of packet descriptors for each data connection. The apparatus can also include a connection memory for each data connection to maintain a next expected sequence number for each TCP data connection monitored for re-sequencing. The scheduler preferably matches the next expected sequence number to the data packet sequence number of a first packet descriptor in the sorted list of packet descriptors to determine a next packet descriptor to store in the in-sequence descriptor memory area. The data packets stored in the data packet memory are output according to the packet descriptors stored in the in-sequence memory area. Each packet descriptor preferably includes a pointer to an address in the data packet memory that includes the data packet corresponding to the packet descriptor. In another aspect of the present invention, a system to re-sequence data packets includes an offload engine and a host memory. The offload engine receives a plurality of data packets over one or more data connections, wherein the decode unit outputs a packet descriptor associated with each data packet, further wherein the packet descriptor includes a data packet sequence number associated with the data packet, and to configure the packet descriptors in-sequence according to the data packet sequence numbers. The host memory includes a data packet memory to store each data packet and a descriptor memory area to store each packet descriptor, wherein each data packet stored in the data packet memory is output from the host memory according to the configured in-sequence packet descriptors. Preferably, each data connection comprises a TCP connection and each data packet comprises a TCP packet. The data packet memory preferably comprises a plurality of packet buffers. The offload engine preferably comprises a decode unit to receive the one or more data connections and to output the data packet and the packet descriptor associated with each data packet. The offload engine also includes a scheduler to configure the packet descriptors in-sequence. The descriptor memory area can include an in-sequence descriptor memory area wherein if the data packet received by the decode unit is in-sequence, then the packet descriptor corresponding to the data packet is stored in the in-sequence descriptor memory area. The descriptor memory area can also include an out-of-sequence descriptor memory area wherein if the data packet received by the decode unit is out-of-sequence, then the packet descriptor corresponding to the out-of-sequence data packet is stored in the out-of-sequence descriptor memory area. The out-of-sequence descriptor memory area can be allocated according to a maximum number of supported simultaneous TCP connections such that each packet descriptor stored in the out-of-sequence descriptor memory area is associated with a particular TCP data connection. The scheduler preferably periodically accesses the packet descriptors stored in the out-of-sequence descriptor memory area for the particular data connection and sorts the accessed packet descriptors thereby forming a sorted list of packet descriptors for each data connection. The offload engine can also include a connection memory for each data connection to maintain a next expected sequence number for each TCP data connection monitored for re-sequencing. The scheduler preferably matches the next expected sequence number to the data packet sequence number of a first packet descriptor in the sorted list of packet descriptors to determine a next packet descriptor to store in the in-sequence descriptor memory area. The data packets stored in the data packet memory are preferably output according to the packet descriptors stored in the in-sequence memory area. Each packet descriptor preferably includes a pointer to an address in the data
|
['H04L1256' 'H04L1254']
|
summary
|
12,069,812
|
[summary] A method of caching data and a cache system that may be used in a computer system includes a DRAM having a plurality of refresh blocks and a pair of SRAMs having a capacity of at least the capacity of the refresh blocks. If a block of the DRAM to which data is attempting to be written is being refreshed, the data is instead written to one of the SRAMs. When the refresh of that block has been completed, the data is transferred from the SRAM to a block of the DRAM to which data was attempted to be written. If a block to which data is attempting to be written is being refreshed and data is being transferred from the one SRAM to a block of the DRAM, the data is instead written to the other SRAM. As a result, there is always one SRAM available into which data may be written if a refresh block to which the write was directed is being refreshed.
|
['G06F1200']
|
summary
|
11,105,751
|
Railroad car coupler gap analyzer [SEP] [abstract] In trains a dragging air hose can snag an object on the tracks and break. A broken air hose can lead to an emergency stop or an accident caused by faulty brakes. The present invention mounts a video camera opposite a lit screen, thereby contrasting the air hose profile against a white screen in all weather and lighting conditions. Machine vision algorithms locate the air hose in a captured image from a moving train, and compute its lowest point. An alarm condition is sent to a remote location. An optional car gap detector is laser based. It helps align the car gap with the data capture for the camera. Another subsystem can include a car coupler height detection algorithm.
|
['B61L300']
|
abstract
|
11,321,266
|
[summary] An object of the invention is to provide an improved system, a wireless device and a method for adjusting a frequency reference of a wireless telecommunication device. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for adjusting a frequency reference of a wireless telecommunication device, comprising: a frequency generator for supplying a frequency reference for the wireless telecommunication device, the frequency generator further being configured to generate a first frequency and a second frequency simultaneously, the first frequency having a first response to the temperature of the frequency generator and the second frequency having a second response to the temperature of the frequency generator, the second response being different from the first response; a temperature parameter generator, connected to the frequency generator, configured to generate a temperature parameter proportional to the temperature of the frequency generator by using the first frequency and the second frequency; and a frequency controller configured to adjust the frequency reference on the basis of the temperature parameter. According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for adjusting a frequency reference of a wireless telecommunication device, comprising: a first generating means for generating, in a frequency generator supplying a frequency reference for the wireless telecommunication device, a first frequency and a second frequency simultaneously, the first frequency having a first response to the temperature of the frequency generator and the second frequency having a second response to the temperature of the frequency generator, the second response being different from the first response; a second generating means for generating a temperature parameter proportional to the temperature of the frequency generator by using the first frequency and the second frequency; and an adjusting means for adjusting the frequency reference on the basis of the temperature parameter. According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a wireless telecommunication device comprising a frequency generator for supplying a frequency reference for the wireless telecommunication device, the frequency generator further being configured to generate a first frequency and a second frequency simultaneously, the first frequency having a first response to the temperature of the frequency generator and the second frequency having a second response to the temperature of the frequency generator, the second response being different from the first response; a temperature parameter generator, connected to the frequency generator, configured to generate a temperature parameter proportional to the temperature of the frequency generator by using the first frequency and the second frequency; and a frequency controller configured to adjust the frequency reference on the basis of the temperature parameter, wherein the frequency generator comprises an AT-cut crystal resonator configured to generate a fundamental frequency and a third overtone frequency, wherein the fundamental frequency is the first frequency and the third overtone frequency is the second frequency. According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a wireless telecommunication device comprising a first generating means for generating, in a frequency generator supplying a frequency reference for the wireless telecommunication device, a first frequency and a second frequency simultaneously, the first frequency having a first response to the temperature of the frequency generator and the second frequency having a second response to the temperature of the frequency generator, the second response being different from the first response; a second generating means for generating a temperature parameter proportional to the temperature of the frequency generator by using the first frequency and the second frequency; and an adjusting means for adjusting the frequency reference on the basis of the temperature parameter. According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of adjusting a frequency reference of a wireless telecommunication device: generating, in a frequency generator supplying a frequency reference for the wireless telecommunication device, a first frequency and a second frequency simultaneously, the first frequency having a first response to the temperature of the frequency generator and the second frequency having a second response to the temperature of the frequency generator, the second response being different from the first response; generating a temperature parameter proportional to the temperature of the frequency generator by using the first frequency and the second frequency; and adjusting the frequency reference on the basis of the temperature parameter. The invention provides several advantages. In an embodiment of the invention, the invention provides a self-sensing temperature determination based on different temperature responses of at least two oscillator modes of a frequency generator.
|
['H04L2706']
|
summary
|
11,602,678
|
Therapeutic composition and a method of coating implantable medical devices [SEP] [abstract] A method of making a therapeutic composition, as well as the therapeutic composition so made, is disclosed. The method comprises mixing a hydrophobic drug with an aqueous buffer solution and adding a surfactant to the aqueous buffer solution to form the therapeutic composition. A implantable medical device with the therapeutic composition and a method of making a coating for an implantable medical device containing the therapeutic composition is also disclosed.
|
['A61F202']
|
abstract
|
12,330,525
|
[description] FIG. 1 somewhat schematically shows a computing device 10. Computing device 10 includes a touch display 12 that is configured to visually present images to a user (e.g., user 14, user 16, and/or user 18) and to receive and process touch input from the user. In the illustrated embodiment, computing device 10 takes the form of a surface computing device. However, it is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to surface computing devices. The herein disclosed methods and processes may be implemented on virtually any computing system having a touch display. Computing device 10 is shown visually presenting an application-launching user interface 20 that includes a plurality of icons that correspond to different applications that the computing device is configured to run. Application-launching user interface 20 is shown displaying a shopping cart icon 22, a camera icon 24, and a musical note icon 26. Such icons may respectively correspond to a shopping application, a photo-organizing application, and a music-organizing application. The icons are selectable items which may be selected by touch input from the user. Furthermore, the icons may be scrolled across touch display 12, so that other icons may be brought into view. While described here in the context of an application-launching user interface visually presenting icons, it is to be understood that a touch display may visually present one or more other types of items. The present disclosure is compatible with all such items. Nonlimiting examples of such items include words in a list, points on a map, and photos in an array, among others. A user may perform touch inputs with different body parts, tools, or combinations thereof. As nonlimiting examples, FIG. 1 shows user 14 performing a touch input with a single pointed finger, user 16 performing a touch input with a stylus, and user 18 performing a touch input with a first. As described in more detail below, touch inputs from different sources (e.g., pointed finger, stylus, first, etc.) may be interpreted differently. In particular, different thresholds may correspond to different types of sources performing touch inputs, and a touch input may be interpreted as different gestures depending on how a parameter of the touch input relates to its corresponding threshold. Turning to FIG. 2, an example method 30 of operating a touch display is shown. At 32, method 30 includes recognizing a touch input on a touch display. The touch input may be performed by a source, such as a finger, a stylus, a first, a blob, or another suitable object. The touch input may be recognized in a variety of different ways depending on the type of touch display being used. As an example, the touch display may be a capacitive touch screen, in which case recognizing the touch input may include recognizing a change in capacitance of the touch display. As another example, the touch display may be part of a surface computing device that uses infrared light to track user input, in which case recognizing the touch input may include recognizing a change in an amount of infrared light reflecting from a surface of the touch display. Other touch computing systems may recognize touch input in a different manner without departing from the scope of this disclosure. At 34, method 30 includes recognizing a parameter of the touch input. As nonlimiting examples, a distance, a duration, a velocity, or an acceleration of the touch input may be recognized. The types of parameters that may be recognized may vary between different types of touch displays. At 36, method 30 includes determining if the source is of a first type or if the source is of a second type. Example types of sources include, but are not limited to, a finger, a stylus, a hand, and an unidentified object. While this step is described as being a binary decision selecting between two options, it is to be understood that the herein described methodology easily expands to three or more options. For example, while the described process may decide if the touch input is performed by a finger or a stylus, for example, a process that decides if the touch input is performed by a finger or a stylus or a first or any number of different types of sources is within the scope of this disclosure. The type of source performing the touch input may be determined in a variety of different ways depending on the type of touch display being used. A capacitive touch screen may determine the type of the source by the relative influence it has on measured capacitance. A surface computing device may determine the type of source by the shape and/or magnitude of light reflected when the touch input is performed. Other touch computing systems may determine the type of the source in a different manner without departing from the scope of this disclosure. One or more parameters may be used to differentiate between two or more different kinds of gestures the user may be intending to perform with a touch input. For example, a user may intend to tap a selectable item, thus expecting the selectable item to be selected upon completion of the touch input. As another example, a user may intend to move a touch input across an item, thus expecting the item to scroll with the touch input as the touch input is being performed. However, even if a user intends to perform a tap gesture, the user may accidentally move the touch input across the item. Therefore, a distance of the touch input (i.e., how far the touch input moves across the touch display from the beginning of the touch input to the end of the touch input) may be used as a threshold in determining if a tap gesture or a scroll gesture is intended. If the distance of the touch input is relatively small, it may be assumed that any movement is accidental and that a tap gesture is intended. If the distance of the touch input
|
['G06F3041']
|
detailed_description
|
11,958,527
|
[description] NO: 25. cDNA: The term “cDNA” when used in the present context, is intended to cover a DNA molecule which can be prepared by reverse transcription from a mature, spliced, mRNA molecule derived from a eukaryotic cell. cDNA lacks the intron sequences that are usually present in the corresponding genomic DNA. The initial, primary RNA transcript is a precursor to mRNA and it goes through a series of processing events before appearing as mature spliced mRNA. These events include the removal of intron sequences by a process called splicing. When cDNA is derived from mRNA it therefore lacks intron sequences. Nucleic acid construct: When used herein, the term “nucleic acid construct” means a nucleic acid molecule, either single- or double-stranded, which is isolated from a naturally occurring gene or which has been modified to contain segments of nucleic acids in a manner that would not otherwise exist in nature. The term nucleic acid construct is synonymous with the term “expression cassette” when the nucleic acid construct contains the control sequences required for expression of a coding sequence of the present invention. Control sequence: The term “control sequences” is defined herein to include all components, which are necessary or advantageous for the expression of a polypeptide of the present invention. Each control sequence may be native or foreign to the nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide. Such control sequences include, but are not limited to, a leader, polyadenylation sequence, propeptide sequence, promoter, signal peptide sequence, and transcription terminator. At a minimum, the control sequences include a promoter, and transcriptional and translational stop signals. The control sequences may be provided with linkers for the purpose of introducing specific restriction sites facilitating ligation of the control sequences with the coding region of the nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide. Operably linked: The term “operably linked” is defined herein as a configuration in which a control sequence is appropriately placed at a position relative to the coding sequence of the DNA sequence such that the control sequence directs the expression of a polypeptide. Coding sequence: When used herein the term “coding sequence” is intended to cover a nucleotide sequence, which directly specifies the amino acid sequence of its protein product. The boundaries of the coding sequence are generally determined by an open reading frame, which usually begins with the ATG start codon. The coding sequence typically includes DNA, cDNA, and recombinant nucleotide sequences. Expression: In the present context, the term “expression” includes any step involved in the production of the polypeptide including, but not limited to, transcription, post-transcriptional modification, translation, post-translational modification, and secretion. Expression vector: In the present context, the term “expression vector” covers a DNA molecule, linear or circular, that comprises a segment encoding a polypeptide of the invention, and which is operably linked to additional segments that provide for its transcription. Host cell: The term “host cell”, as used herein, includes any cell type which is susceptible to transformation with a nucleic acid construct. The terms “polynucleotide probe”, “hybridization” as well as the various stringency conditions are defined in the section entitled “Polypeptides Having Cellobiohydrolase II Activity”. Thermostability: The term “thermostability”, as used herein, is measured as described in Example 2.
|
['C12P2104' 'C12N914' 'D06M1600' 'C12P710' 'C07H2104' 'C12N1500' 'C12N120']
|
detailed_description
|
12,052,958
|
IMAGE CAPTURING APPARATUS [SEP] [abstract] An apparatus including: a photodiode including: a first conductivity substrate; a second conductivity PD-well on the substrate's first surface side; and a first conductivity collection well inside the PD-well; a modulation transistor including: a second conductivity TR-well connected with the PD-well, and a junction depth shallower than that of the PD-well; a first conductivity modulation well inside the TR-well, and connected with the collection well; a second conductivity source inside the modulation well, and including a region contacting the first surface; a gate electrode in a region partially covering the modulation well and enclosing the source; a gate insulation layer between the gate and the first surface; and a second conductivity drain partially sandwiching the gate and opposing the source, and including a region contacting the first surface; and a transfer transistor connected to modulation transistors in pixels between the source and a connected source line.
|
['H01L27146']
|
abstract
|
12,129,892
|
[description] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary magnetic memory device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the dependence of the array quality factor (AQF) of a magnetic memory device on the free layer thickness according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the achievement of a high AQF with three different exemplary materials according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the minimum magnetic field needed to reach a saturation value of AQF, versus sample magnetization according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the dependence of saturation magnetization of a material on the impurity content according to an embodiment of the present invention.
|
['G11C1115']
|
detailed_description
|
11,996,156
|
[invention] The continuous action of forces and/or torques (hereinafter also called forces) on heavily stressed components of a motor vehicle may lead to material fatigue and, after a certain time, to rupture of these components. A fatigue recognition system could warn the driver before rupture of components of the motor vehicle. Furthermore, it is desirable to detect excessive stresses of the vehicle or components caused by the driver. To embody a reliable fatigue recognition, it is necessary to determine the forces acting on the components as accurately as possible. One possibility is the use of wire strain gauges. However, strong temperature dependence of the precision resistors, the decreasing adhesion of the adhesive as well as the encapsulation of the wire strain gauges against stone chips are problematic.
|
['G01B356']
|
background
|
11,741,796
|
[invention] Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder of the bowel that has a pronounced effect on quality of life. A defining characteristic of IBS is abdominal discomfort or pain. The Rome II Diagnostic Criteria (a system for diagnosing functional gastrointestinal disorders based on symptoms) for IBS is as follows: at least 12 weeks or more, which need not be consecutive, in the preceding 12 months of abdominal discomfort or pain that is accompanied by at least two of the following features: (1) it is relieved with defecation, and/or (2) onset is associated with a change in frequency of stool, and/or (3) onset is associated with a change in form (appearance) of stool. Other symptoms that support the diagnosis of IBS include pain; abnormal stool passage (straining, urgency, or feeling of incomplete evacuation); passage of mucus; and bloating or feeling of abdominal distension. Patients can be sub-divided by their underlying bowel habits: (i) diarrhea-predominate IBS, (ii) constipation-predominate IBS, and (ii) constipation alternating with diarrhea (alternating IBS). The pathophysiology of IBS is poorly understood despite the fact that about a quarter of the population in the UK may exhibit the symptoms, and approximately 15 percent of U.S. adults report symptoms that are consistent with the diagnosis of IBS. It is estimated that only 25 percent of persons with IBS seek medical care. In addition, patients diagnosed with IBS are at increased risk for other, non-gastrointestinal functional disorders such as fibromyalgia and interstitial cystitis. IBS is the most common diagnosis made by gastroenterologists in the U.S., and accounts for 12 percent of visits to primary care providers. Approximately $8 billion in direct medical costs and $25 billion in indirect costs are spent annually in the U.S. for diagnosing and treating IBS. Thus, IBS accounts for a large proportion of annual healthcare costs in the U.S. Primary treatment of IBS involves counseling and dietary modification. Drug therapy is considered to be beneficial if directed at individual symptoms. For diarrhea predominant cases, antidiarrheal drugs such as loperamide can be used, which treat diarrhea, but not abdominal pain. Since abdominal pain is one of the defining characteristic of IBS, anti-diarrheal drugs do not adequately treat IBS (Jailwala et al., 2000 , Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133:136-147; Cremonini et al., 2004 , Minerva Med 95:427-441). For constipation predominant cases, ispaghula is often used to increase dietary fiber. Where patients have pain and distension as predominant symptoms, anti-spasmolytics are commonly used. Mebeverine and peppermint oil are often used in such cases. Other agents that have been tried for treating IBS include beta-blockers, naloxone, ondansetron, calcium channel blockers, simethicone, leuprorelin, octreotide and cholecystokinin antagonists with variable results (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st Edition (1996) p. 1197). U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,211,944 and 5,494,661 to Tempesta disclose the use of a proanthocyanidin polymeric composition isolated from Croton spp. or Calophyllum spp. for the treatment of viral infections. Rozhon et al., U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0019389, disclose the use of a proanthocyanidin polymeric composition isolated from Croton spp. or Calophyllum spp. for the treatment of secretory or traveler's diarrhea. Di Cesare et al., 2002, Am J Gastroenterol 10:2585-2588 disclose a clinical trial of crofelemer as a treatment for traveler's diarrhea compared to placebo. Dosages used in this study were 500 mg/day (125 four times a day); 1000 mg/day (250 mg four times a day); and 2000 mg/day (500 mg four times a day) for two days. The study showed that the composition was useful for the amelioration of stool frequency and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with traveler's diarrhea. Citation or identification of any reference in this section or any other section of this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art for the present application.
|
['A61K3647' 'A61P100']
|
background
|
11,843,064
|
[summary] One embodiment exemplarily described herein can be generally characterized as providing a system and method for transmitting a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) message in a multi-access online game, which can reduce an amount of load of a game server of a multi-access online role-playing game. Another embodiment exemplarily described herein can be generally characterized as providing a system and method for transmitting a P2P message in a multi-access online game, which can allow user clients to transmit/receive some parts of transmission messages of the game server, resulting in reduction of load of the game server. Yet another embodiment exemplarily described herein can be generally characterized as providing a system and method for transmitting a P2P message in a multi-access online game, which can select some messages needed to be real-time-processed, and enable the selected messages to be exchanged between user clients, so that the efficiency of using the P2P message in the multi-access online game is maximized. Yet another embodiment exemplarily described herein can be generally characterized as providing a system and method for transmitting a P2P message in a multi-access online role-playing game, which can implement stable transmission/reception of P2P messages between the user clients. Effects of the aforementioned embodiments can be accomplished by providing a system for transmitting a P2P (Peer-to-Peer) message in a multi-access online game in which a plurality of users participate to play the game. The system may include a game server for receiving game messages from a first user client, processing the received game messages according to a predetermined game logic, and transmitting game messages, needed to be transmitted to at least one second user client, to the at least one second user client; and a database server for receiving status change information including a status change of a game character from the game server, and storing the received status change information in a database, wherein the game server, upon receiving a request of the second user client, which has received a predetermined game message selected from the game messages, from the first user client as a P2P message, blocks the predetermined game message from being transmitted to the second user client. The game server may transmit character location information of the second user client to the first user client so that the first user client can select the second user client by which the predetermined game message is to be transmitted as the P2P message. The predetermined game message is needed to be immediately transmitted to the second user client. If the multi-access online game is a racing-associated game, the message needed to be immediately transmitted includes moving- and collision-messages of character cars. The game server includes a player object, in which the player object is generated or removed for each user client accessing the game server, and transmits/receives the game message to/from the user client accessing the game server. The system may further include a real-time message processing server for processing a real-time game message having a high necessity indicating that the real-time game message is needed to be immediately transmitted to the second user client, and the game server conducts a non-realtime game message having a low necessity indicating that the non-realtime game message from among the game messages has almost no need to be immediately transmitted to the second user client and is needed to be reflected in the DB server. In one embodiment, there is provided a method for transmitting/receiving a P2P message in a multi-access online game in which a plurality of user clients gain access to a game server over a network to play the game, and the method is implemented in a game application installed in the user clients. The method may include selecting other user clients at which the P2P message will be received; determining whether a game message generated by the game application is a predetermined message to be transmitted according to a P2P scheme, and if the generated game message is identical with the predetermined message, transmitting the generated game message to the selected user clients according to the P2P scheme. In another embodiment, there is provided a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium may include a program for executing the above-mentioned method, so that data of the program can be read by a digital data processor. In another embodiment, there is provided a computer-readable recording medium equipped with a game application installed in a plurality of user clients to transmit a P2P message in a multi-access online game in which a plurality of user clients gain access to a game server over a network to play the game. The computer-readable recording medium may include a command interpreter for interpreting game command information inputted by a user; a game logic processor for executing a predetermined game logic according to the interpreted result of the command interpreter; a server communication unit for transmitting game messages generated by the game logic processor to the game server, receiving the game messages from the game server, and transmitting the received game messages to the game logic processor; and a P2P transceiver for transmitting a predetermined game message from among the game messages to other user clients, and receiving the P2P message from the other user clients.
|
['G06F1700']
|
summary
|
12,241,274
|
[description] EMBODIMENT(S) Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a laser ablation system 10 incorporating features of the present invention. Although the present invention will be described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be embodied in many alternate forms of embodiments. In addition, any suitable size, shape or type of elements or materials can be used. As shown in FIG. 1, the laser ablation system 10 removes material from a sample 24, FIG. 2, by means a laser 12. The laser 12 outputs a laser beam 14 having an energy minimally above the threshold of ablation for the sample 24 to minimize debris formed. Further, the debris formed may also be removed by a flowing fluid 36, FIG. 3, such as a gas or a liquid, and further the flowing liquid may have the refractive index matched to a high resolution immersion objective lens material and or the material being removed to enhance spatial resolution. The refractive index matching fluid 36 has two uses. The first use of the refractive index matching fluid 36 is to reduce the diameter of the focused laser spot by using an immersion objective. In this case, the index of the fluid is chosen to match the index of the final element of the objective lens. This effectively increases the numerical aperture of the objective by the index of the fluid. Since the focused spot diameter is inversely proportional to the numerical aperture, this results in a smaller focused spot (yielding a spot, which is approximately 1/1.3 times smaller for typical immersion objectives). The second use of the refractive index matching fluid 36 is designed to allow a higher aspect ratio hole to be ablated by selecting a fluid 36 whose index matches the refractive index of the substrate material. For chip modification, typical substrate materials would include SiO2, SiN, polymers, SiLK (a low dielectric constant insulator for metallization). Further as shown in FIG. 1, the laser ablation system 10 is generally used to remove a material from the sample 24, FIG. 2, by means of the laser 12 having the laser beam 14 with predetermined characteristics such as a pre-selected wavelength, duration of the pulse, and energy in the pulse that may be optimized based on the material of the sample 24. The laser 12 may output a pulsed beam 14 that is focused, FIG. 3, onto the material to be removed. Preferably, the beam is focused to a spot having a diameter less than a structure to be removed and the laser pulse is ultrashort. The spatial resolution of the ultrashort pulsed laser is limited only by the diffraction effects of the focused laser beam. This provides a significant improvement to accurately repair defects, remove defects in dense geometries, and extend repair to future high-resolution photomasks. To further aid in the removal of the ablated material, a source 28 of flowing fluid 36 such as a gas or a liquid is positioned near the sample. Preferably, the source provides a flowing liquid, which may be refractive index, matched to the objective lens material and/or the material being removed. In greater detail, FIG. 1 shows the laser ablation system 10 generally comprising an ultrashort pulsed laser 12 being a nanosecond or femtosecond pulse, and, preferably a femtosecond pulse. This pulsed laser 12 outputs the desired beam 14 with a portion of the beam 14 entering a beam diagnostic device 16. The remaining portion of the beam 14 is operated upon by a beam control device 18 which appropriately manipulates the laser beam 14 to impinge on the sample 24 mounted on a target platform 20 which, preferably, may be a computer controlled stage. If the debris remaining after each pulse is a problem, creating small particles that remain on the sample or creating a haze over the sample, a fluid source 28 may be included in the laser ablation system 10 and is positioned near the sample surface to provide a fluid flow across the sample 24. This fluid may be either a gas or a liquid and preferably a liquid that is refractive index matched to the sample for reducing diffractive effects as the laser beam 14 interacts with high aspect structures on the sample. A camera 26 such as a CCD camera can monitor a region of the sample being removed. Each of the above devices can communicate with a controller 22 having a computer, which is programmed to control the devices and monitor the process of the present invention. An operator of the system would monitor the progress of the removal by viewing an image provided by the CCD camera 26 and would stop the process when the material is removed. In the normal ablation process of the present invention, it is preferred that the material ablated by the pulsed laser beam 14 be from a photomask or an integrated circuit (IC) device. On a photomask, for example, the material of concern is chromium and the chromium is deposited on a substrate of glass such as silicon dioxide to provide a circuit structure that is used in making chips. During the manufacturing of the photomask, chromium defects occur with regular frequency and require removal from the photomask to be useable in making devices of concern. If the chromium is ablated by a thermal process, the chromium may then condense in the region above the ablated spot and then falls as debris onto the glass or other adjacent areas. This material is detrimental to the photomask or the IC device since it affects the finished product. The removal of material from certain features may be limited due to optical diffraction effects when the feature has a high aspect ratio such as a hole, channel or the like. The removal of the ablated products is thus critical to producing a high quality product. It has been determined that debris formation is minimized by reducing the laser pulse energy to a value just
|
['B23K2600']
|
detailed_description
|
12,288,040
|
[summary] However, in the related art reference as Patent Document 2 above, since the plurality of antenna elements are disposed at different heights, the vertical length of the sector antenna increases corresponding to the number of antenna elements disposed vertically. Thus, the overall size of the sector antenna is not decreased. In addition, a problem of which the solid arrangement of the antenna elements becomes complicated arises. In view of the foregoing, it would be desirable to provide an antenna apparatus that secures isolation between adjacent any two of the plurality of antennas and that can be downsized in a simple structure. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an antenna apparatus having a first antenna, a second antenna, and a third antenna which have different directivity directions each other and which are switched for a desired directivity direction. The first antenna is disposed on a substrate which is in parallel therewith. The second antenna is disposed on one principal surface of the substrate which is nearly perpendicular thereto. The third antenna is disposed on the other principal surface of the substrate which is nearly perpendicular thereto. According to an embodiment of the present invention, by combining gain patterns of adjacent two antennas of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna, it is preferred that a fourth antenna pattern be obtained in a direction different from a first antenna gain pattern obtained from the first antenna, a second antenna gain pattern obtained from the second antenna, and a third antenna gain pattern obtained from the third antenna. According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that a connector socket be mounted on the substrate, pin headers be mounted on the second antenna and the third antenna, and by fitting the pin headers to the connector socket, the second antenna and the third antenna be nearly perpendicularly connected to the substrate. According to an embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that the pin header have at least three pins and the at least three pins be fit to the connector socket. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the first antenna is disposed on the substrate which is in parallel therewith and the second antenna and the third antenna are disposed on the substrate which is nearly perpendicular thereto. Thus, while isolation of the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna is kept, they can be disposed in a saved space. According to embodiments of the present invention, while isolation of a plurality of antennas is secured, they can be disposed in a simple structure and in a saved space. As a result, downsizing of the antenna apparatus can be accomplished. These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description of a best mode embodiment thereof, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
|
['H01Q300']
|
summary
|
11,708,251
|
[claim] 1. A steam generator comprising a heating unit, a pump adapted to deliver a controllable flow of water from a water supply into the heating unit and an outlet for steam from the heating unit; the heating unit comprises a housing, a heating element disposed in the housing and a conduit for water and steam extending from the inlet to the outlet; the conduit includes a passageway extending in an elongate path in contact with or adjacent the heating element; wherein the housing comprises two portions releasably seamed together to provide a channel between the portions to receive the heating element and to provide the passageway. 2. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heating element extends lengthwise within the housing and the conduit extends in a helical path around the element. 3. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heating element extends lengthwise within the housing and the conduit extends in a convoluted path adjacent or in contact with the element. 4. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heating element is folded to form two or more limbs around which the conduit comprises two or more helical coils. 5. A steam generator as claimed in claim 4 wherein the heating element is C-shaped or U-shaped. 6. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 including a control valve to regulate the flow of water into the pump from a water supply. 7. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the heating element forms a wall of the conduit. 8. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the housing comprises two half portions defining a channel adapted to receive the heating element, the channel including one or more continuous flanges adapted to divide the channel surrounding the heating element into a helical spiral. 9. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the conduit comprises a labyrinthine path way. 10. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 including a thermostat adapted to interrupt power to the heating element when the conduit or steam chamber exceeds a predetermined pressure. 11. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 including a thermostat adapted to interrupt electrical power to the pump when the temperature in the steam chamber falls below a predetermined minimum temperature. 12. A steam generator as claimed in claim 1 including a centre inlet pipe to preheat water before contacting the heating element.
|
['A61H3312']
|
claim
|
12,361,064
|
[invention] In last years, the digital revolution has increased the need for various kinds of digital display devices. Data-projectors have become widely available for different applications from consumer products to special applications such as head-up displays etc. One trend is towards smaller and smaller projectors with high lumen output. There is need for integrating projectors into various hand-held devices such as cameras or cellular-phones for example. On the other hand, in typical-sized projectors, such as data-projectors used in meeting rooms or home use, the constant need is to have high lumen output with small lamp power. Still, another need is for solutions which enable the use of LED (light emitting diode) as a light source for data projectors such as the lumen output and lumen/Watt-ratio are in the desired level. A common factor for these needs is the problem how to make a projector optical engine such that it enables small size and high throughput at the same time. Data-projectors can be built by using micro-display technologies such as LCD (liquid crystal device), LCoS (liquid crystal on silicon), or DMD (digital micro-mirror device). DMD has great advantage over the liquid crystal based devices because one DMD panel can utilize the both linear polarization directions of the illuminating beam whereas liquid crystal based panels can modulate only one polarization per panel. A disadvantage of DMD is the diagonally oriented mirror tilt axis. The panel needs to be illuminated from a diagonal direction, which will result in a difficult form factor and therefore larger size for the whole projection system package. Commonly used optical engine configurations with DMD micro-displays are the V-configuration, the field-lens configuration, the TIR-prism (total internal reflection-prism) configuration and the reverse-TIR-prism configuration. V-configuration typically addresses the diagonal illumination problem by using a fold mirror next to the imaging beam, which separates the illumination beam from the imaging beam, and orients the illumination beam horizontal direction. However, F-number is severely limited in V-configuration, which makes it unsuitable in many applications. The field lens configuration improves the V-configuration by inserting a field lens above the DMD panel such that the usable throughput can be improved. However, it uses high-refractive index high-NA (numerical aperture) field lens, which is expensive and causes aberrations, which together with the shadowing fold-mirror restricts the usable throughput. TIR-prism configuration has relatively large size, and the throughput is limited due to longer optical path between the DMD panel and the closest relay lens. It does not address the diagonal illumination problem in an effective way either. Therefore it is not a practical configuration in many applications. Reverse-TIR-prism configuration uses TIR-prism inverse direction in comparison to the TIR-prism configuration. Reverse-TIR-prism configuration typically addresses the diagonal illumination problem by using a wedge prism which tilts the illumination beam horizontal. Reverse-TIR-configuration enables small size, but the throughput is restricted due to non-desired TIR-reflections or prism-transmission. The operation of the reverse-TIR-configuration is described for example in International Patent Publication WO/2007/002694. The above mentioned solutions for the diagonal illumination problem are capable of bending the illumination beam optical axis to the same plane with the imaging side optical axis, and therefore enable smaller size in one dimension (which is typically thickness of the projector).
|
['G03B2128']
|
background
|
11,286,548
|
[claim] 1. An image registration system for correlating a current image with a previous image, said system comprising: an image processing subsystem configured to compare at least one current image and at least one previous image using a metric, wherein said image processing subsystem identifies a corresponding previous image for a current image based on said metric; and a matching table identifying said current image and said corresponding previous image, wherein said matching table is used to automatically retrieve said corresponding previous image when said current image is displayed. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein said metric generates a metric value representing a degree of similarity between said at least one current image and said at least one previous image, and wherein said image processing subsystem identifies a corresponding previous image for a current image based on said metric value. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein said image processing subsystem registers said at least one current image and said at least one previous image according to a coordinate system. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a display subsystem capable of displaying said current image in conjunction with said corresponding previous image. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein said display subsystem is capable of displaying clinical data in conjunction with said current image and said corresponding previous image. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising an image/data storage subsystem configured to store at least one of said at least one current image, said at least one previous image, and clinical data. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein said image processing subsystem automatically identifies a corresponding previous image for a current image upon receipt of said current image. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein said metric includes at least one of a mean square image to image metric and a mutual information metric. 9. A method for correlating anatomy in an acquired image with an historical image, said method comprising: registering an acquired image and at least one historical image according to a coordinate system; applying a metric to said acquired image and each of said at least one historical image; and identifying a correlation between said acquired image and one of said at least one historical image based on said metric. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising storing said correlation between said acquired image and one of said at least one historical image for automatic linking of said acquired image and one of said at least one historical image upon display. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising displaying said acquired image and one of said at least one historical image based on said correlation. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising automatically linking said acquired image and one of said at least one historical image based on said correlation. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein said metric is based on anatomy. 14. A computer-readable storage medium including a set of instructions for execution on a processor, the set of instructions comprising: an image registration routine configured to register an acquired image with respect to at least one historical image; and an image mapping routine configured to map said acquired image with one of said at least one historical image based on anatomy, wherein said image mapping routine identifies one of said at least one historical image similar to said acquired image based on a metric. 15. The set of instructions of claim 14, further comprising a display routine for displaying said acquired image and said one of said at least one historical image. 16. The set of instructions of claim 15, wherein said display routine automatically displays said acquired image and said one of said at least one historical image based on a mapping of said acquired image with said one of said at least one historical image. 17. The set of instructions of claim 14, wherein said image mapping routine further identifies clinical information relevant to at least one of said acquired image and said one of said at least one historical image. 18. The set of instructions of claim 14, further comprising a mapping data structure, wherein said mapping data structure stores a mapping between said acquired image and said one of said at least one historical image. 19. The set of instructions of claim 14, wherein said image mapping routine automatically links said acquired image and said one of said at least one historical image for display. 20. The set of instructions of claim 14, wherein said image mapping routine automatically identifies a mapping between said acquired image and said one of said at least one historical image upon receipt of said acquired image.
|
['G06K900' 'A61B316']
|
claim
|
11,845,403
|
[summary] A windshield wiper blade assembly is provided for attachment to a driving arm that oscillates in a first direction and in a second direction across a windshield of a vehicle. That windshield wiper blade assembly includes a blade arm adapted to connect to the driving arm and a blade subassembly pivotally attached to the blade arm. The blade subassembly has a first blade, a second blade, and a third blade mounted side-by-side for engaging the windshield. Movement in the first direction causes engagement with the windshield to exert a force which pivots the blade subassembly into a first position in which the first and second blades contact the windshield and the third blade is spaced from the windshield. Movement in the second direction causes engagement with the windshield to exert another force which pivots the blade subassembly into a second position in which the second and third blades contact the windshield and the first blade is spaced from the windshield. In a preferred embodiment the blade arm and the blade subassembly pivot about a rod coupled to both the blade arm and the blade subassembly. The blade subassembly includes a support strip to which the first, second, and third blades are secured and the support strip has a plurality of mounts pivotally coupled to the rod. In another aspect of the windshield wiper blade assembly, the first and third blades are formed of a scrubbing material, that preferably is porous and has an abrasive surface which does not scratch glass. The second blade is formed of a rubber-like material. Preferably the second blade is between the first and third blades.
|
['B60S138']
|
summary
|
12,311,357
|
Fused load interrupter,switchgear system, and adapter part [SEP] [abstract] Fused load interrupters have up to now used claw terminals or screw connections for connecting to horizontal busbars in a switchgear unit. Fused load interrupters have not been suitable until now for connecting to vertical busbars in switchgear units. At least one embodiment of the invention provides a fused load interrupter with plug contacts, such as are known from load interrupters with fuses, thereby allowing fused load interrupters to replace the more expensive load interrupters with fuses in switchgear units with vertical busbars.
|
['H01H8500' 'H01R2400']
|
abstract
|
11,141,402
|
[summary] Digital data broadcasting methods according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention analyze propagation characteristics in a broadcast propagation area, to determine a rebroadcasting strategy. Data packets are broadcast, and at least one of the data packets is selectively rebroadcast, to a plurality of broadcast receiving stations in the broadcast propagation area according to the rebroadcasting strategy that was determined. The analyzing, broadcasting and selectively rebroadcasting are performed independent of receiving acknowledgements that data packets have or have not been received. Moreover, in some embodiments, the analyzing is performed prior to the rebroadcasting. In some embodiments, the propagation characteristics are analyzed by measuring received signal quality of broadcast data packets at a plurality of positions in the broadcast propagation area, and the rebroadcasting strategy is determined from the received signal quality that was measured. In some embodiments, the signal quality is indicated by a received signal strength indication, a bit error rate and/or a frame error rate of the broadcast data packets. In some embodiments, analyzing is performed by statistically analyzing samples of propagation characteristics in the broadcast propagation area, to determine the rebroadcasting rate. In yet other embodiments, the analyzing is performed by simulating or modeling the propagation characteristics in the broadcast propagation area. Combinations and subcombinations of these embodiments also may be provided. Moreover, in some embodiments the analyzing is performed prior to the broadcasting and prior to the rebroadcasting. As used herein, a “rebroadcasting strategy” includes a percentage of the data packets to be rebroadcast, a temporal displacement of rebroadcast data packets from corresponding broadcast data packets, a number or frequency of rebroadcasts of the broadcast data packets and/or other fixed and/or variable rebroadcasting parameters. In other embodiments, subareas of the broadcast propagation area are identified, where propagation characteristics can be degraded. A number of the broadcast receiving stations that will be in the subareas is determined and time durations that the broadcast receiving stations will be in the subareas also are determined. The rebroadcasting strategy is then determined from the number and time durations of the broadcast receiving stations that will be in the degraded subareas. In still other embodiments of the invention, the packets for rebroadcasting are selected based upon an importance of the digital data contained therein. For example, public service announcements or news broadcasts may be deemed of a higher importance than entertainment content. Then, the data packets are selectively rebroadcast based upon the importance of the digital data contained therein. In some embodiments of the present invention, selection of data packets for rebroadcasting based upon an importance of the digital data contained therein, may be performed independent of analyzing propagation characteristics in a broadcast propagation area to determine a rebroadcasting rate. The important data packets may be rebroadcast more often (i.e., a greater number of total repetitions) and/or at a higher frequency (i.e., at a higher rate of repetition) than unimportant data packets. In some embodiments, the broadcasting and selectively rebroadcasting are performed simultaneously and/or alternatingly. Moreover, in some embodiments, a rebroadcast data packet is substituted for a broadcast data packet that was not received successfully at a respective broadcast receiving station. Moreover, a rebroadcast data packet may be discarded at the respective broadcast receiving station if a corresponding broadcast data packet was received successfully at the respective broadcast receiving station. It will be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of the invention have been described above primarily with respect to digital data broadcasting methods. However, other embodiments of the present invention provide digital data broadcasting systems and components thereof, such as broadcast transmitting stations and broadcast receiving stations.
|
['H04J326']
|
summary
|
11,391,798
|
Method of improving antioxidant status of an infant [SEP] [abstract] The present invention relates generally to a method of improving the antioxidant status of an infant. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of improving the antioxidant status of an infant by administering a mixture of natural tocopherols. The natural tocopherol mixture is an effective blend of α- and γ-tocopherol. For ease of administration and improved taste, the mixture of natural tocopherols are typically delivered in vehicle which may be in the form, for example, of a tablet, capsule, liquid, and nutritional formula. The present invention also relates to a method of improving the antioxidant status of an infant by supplementing the lactating woman wherein the supplemented breast milk is fed to the infant. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method of improving the antioxidant status of a newborn infant by supplementing the pregnant woman.
|
['A61K4700' 'A61K31355' 'A61K36889' 'A61K36899' 'A61K3631' 'A61K3648']
|
abstract
|
11,559,198
|
[summary] Embodiments relate to an apparatus which tests a semiconductor device. Embodiments relate to an apparatus which may test a semiconductor device and may minimize costs. Embodiments relate to an apparatus that may include a first substrate including a drive circuit and a second substrate electrically connected to the first substrate. A second substrate may simultaneously have an electrical connection with a semiconductor device and a first substrate. A second substrate may be detachable from a first substrate, which may enable minimization of costs. In embodiments, an apparatus comprises a first substrate having a plurality of drive circuits which supply various test signals and a second substrate. A second substrate may be detachably connected to a first substrate. One side of a second substrate may be electrically connected to a first substrate, while the other side of the second substrate may be electrically connected to a semiconductor device, in accordance with embodiments. Respective test signals may be supplied from at least one drive circuit to a semiconductor device. In embodiments, a first substrate may include a plurality of signal transmission lines, which may transmit respective test signals from respective drive circuits. A first substrate may include a plurality of first signal transmission terminals, which may electrically connect to respective signal transmission lines. In embodiments, a second substrate may include second signal transmission lines electrically connected to respective signal transmission terminals of a first substrate. A second substrate may include a plurality of second signal transmission terminals electrically connected to respective second signal transmission lines. In embodiments, an apparatus may include a socket into which a semiconductor device is inserted. A socket may be electrically connected to second signal transmission terminals. A second substrate may include a plurality of second signal transmission terminals connected to first signal transmission terminals of a first substrate, in accordance with embodiments. A plurality of probe pins may be electrically connected on one side of a second substrate, which may contact a semiconductor device, while second signal transmission lines may be on the other side of the second substrate. Drive circuits may be mounted on a first face of a first substrate, in accordance with embodiments. A second substrate is attached to a second face of a first substrate. Drive circuits may include an amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter.
|
['G01R3126']
|
summary
|
11,756,939
|
Data Center Uninterruptible Power Distribution Architecture [SEP] [abstract] Apparatus and associated method and computer program products involve a highly efficient uninterruptible power distribution architecture to support modular processing units. As an illustrative example, a modular processing unit includes an corresponding uninterruptible power system in which only one AC-to-DC rectification occurs between the utility AC grid and the processing circuit (e.g., microprocessor) loads. In an illustrative data center facility, a power distribution architecture includes a modular array of rack-mountable processing units, each of which has processing circuitry to handle network-related processing tasks. Associated with each modular processing unit is an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to supply operating power to the network processing circuitry. Each UPS includes a battery selectively connectable across a DC bus, and a AC-to-DC rectifier that converts an AC input voltage to a single output voltage on the DC bus. The regulated DC bus voltage may be close to the battery's fully charged voltage.
|
['H02J900']
|
abstract
|
11,432,183
|
[description] image corresponds to an anatase crystal structure confirmed by the x-ray powder diffraction pattern shown in the inset. FIG. 2 includes (a) a reflection spectrum for Degussa P25™ TiO2 whose spectrum rises sharply at 380 nanometers (nm), (b) a reflection spectrum of titanium oxynitride nanoparticles (3-11 nm) whose spectrum rises sharply at 450 nm, and (c) a reflection spectrum of titanium oxynitride partially agglomerated nanoparticles whose spectrum rises sharply at 550 nm. FIG. 3 includes (a) an infrared spectrum for triethylamine showing a clear C-H stretch region, and (b) an infrared spectrum of titanium oxynitride nanoparticies (3-11 nm) corresponding to the yellow titanium oxynitride crystallites whose reflection spectrum rises sharply at 450 nm. FIG. 4 is an XPS spectrum for untreated titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium oxynitride nanoparticles. The nitrogen peak, which is present in the titanium oxynitride nanoparticle sample, but not in the untreated titanium dioxide, is considerably more pronounced for the palladium treated titanium oxynitride nanoparticles. FIG. 5 A is an XRD powder pattern for untreated titanium dioxide powders. FIG. 5B is an XRD powder pattern for titanium oxynitride partially agglomerated nanoparticles corresponding with the sharply rising reflectance spectrum at 550 nm. While the XRD patterns in FIGS. 5 A and 5B are indicative of the anatase phase, the broad XRD pattern for palladium treated titanium oxynitride may be attributed to a structural transformation. FIG. 6A is a TEM of a palladium metal impregnated titanium oxynitride nanostructure. FIG. 6B is a TEM micrograph of a dark brown-black crystal phase accompanying the palladium impregnated nitride nanostructures. The dark crystallites are associated with a structural transformation (e.g., the analog of octahedrite in titanium dioxide). FIG. 7A is a graph illustrating the photodegradation of methylene blue in water at pH 7 and at about 390 nm. FIG. 7B is a graph illustrating the photodegredation of methylene blue in water at pH 7 and at about 540 nm. FIG. 8A illustrates Raman spectrum of untreated anatase TiO2 nano-powder, while FIG. 8B illustrates the Raman spectrum of nitridized TiO2 nano-colloid. The dashed line represents the fitted data and solid line represents the data. The spectrum in FIG. 8B is broader because the nanoparticles used are smaller. FIG. 9A illustrates Raman spectra of the TiO2 nanocolloid prepared with various concentrations of Co using CoCl2, while FIG. 9B illustrates Raman spectra of the TiO2 nanocolloid prepared with various concentrations of Co using Co(NO3)2. Note that the Raman signal for FIG. 9A was obtained using a 1 μm spot size and a power of 25 mW or less. The Raman signal for FIG. 9B was obtained at much higher laser powers (e.g., 150 mW) and is laser induced. FIG. 10 illustrates Raman spectra of TiO2-xNx nano-colloid for various Co concentrations using CoCl2. FIG. 11 illustrates and compares Raman spectra of the initial TiO2-xNx and Co-doped TiO2-xNx nanocolloids (laser-induced). FIG. 12 illustrates the Raman spectrum of Ni doped TiO2 nanocolloid at powers less than 20 mW. FIG. 13 illustrates the laser-induced Raman spectrum and fit for TiO2-xNx doped with CoCl2. The vibrations at 388 cm−1 and 690 cm−1 have been assigned to a cobalt oxide site similar to that in Co3O4 (spinels).
|
['C01B2120']
|
detailed_description
|
12,197,173
|
[summary] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a server device which provides a virtual reality space for a plurality of client devices connected to the server device via a network, comprises: a movement detection part which detects movement of an avatar related to a client device of the plurality of client devices, the movement indicating an object in the virtual reality space displayed on a screen of the client device; and a reference mark generation part which generates a reference mark to be put on the object in response to detection of the movement. According to another embodiment of the present invention, a method is disclosed for automatically generating a reference mark, the method being executed in a server device providing a virtual reality space for a plurality of client devices connected to the server device via a network, and the method comprising the steps of: detecting movement of an avatar related to a client device, the movement indicating an object in the virtual reality space displayed on a screen of the client device; and generating a reference mark to be put on the object in response to detection of the movement. According to still another embodiment of the present invention, a server program for automatically generating a reference mark is disclosed, the server program being executed in a server device providing a virtual reality space for a plurality of client devices connected to the server device via a network, and the server program causing the server device to execute the steps of: detecting movement of an avatar related to a client device, the movement indicating an object in the virtual reality space displayed on a screen of the client device; and generating a reference mark to be put on the object in response to detection of the movement. According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, a computer program product for automatically generating a reference mark is disclosed for use in a system including: a server device providing a virtual reality space and at least one client device connected to the server device via a network, the computer program product comprising a computer useable medium including a computer readable program, wherein the computer readable program when executed on a computer causes: each client device to execute the steps of: detecting an event caused by an input from a user of the client device, the input indicating an object in the virtual reality space displayed on a screen of the client device; and notifying the server device of information on the detected event as trigger information for the server device to generate a reference mark to be put on the object, in response to detection of the event, and causes the server device to execute the step of: generating the reference mark to be put on the object in response to receipt of the event information from the client device. These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following drawings, description and claims.
|
['G06F300']
|
summary
|
11,994,471
|
[claim] 1. An exterior rearview mirror system for a vehicle, said exterior rearview mirror system comprising: an exterior mirror assembly having a mirror casing, said mirror casing comprising a mirror portion including a reflective element and an attachment portion including an attachment for attaching said mirror assembly at an exterior side of a vehicle, said reflective element being adjustably supported by an actuator within said mirror portion of said mirror casing, said mirror casing having an inboard portion that faces generally toward the exterior side of the vehicle and is viewable by a driver of the vehicle when said exterior mirror assembly is attached at the exterior side of the vehicle; a unitary indicator module at said inboard portion of said mirror casing, said unitary indicator module comprising an illumination source, said indicator module being responsive to a control signal to activate said illumination source to indicate to the driver a detected presence of an object at least one of alongside the vehicle and rearward of the vehicle, said unitary indicator module being substantially sealed so as to be substantially impervious to water; and wherein said unitary indicator module is configured at said inboard portion of said mirror casing so that illumination of said illumination source is readily viewable by the driver of the vehicle and wherein said illumination of said illumination source is generally not viewed by other road users when said exterior rearview mirror assembly is mounted to the side of the vehicle and when the vehicle is operated on a road. 2. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said unitary indicator module comprises an at least partially light transmitting cover that is viewable by the driver of the vehicle at said inboard portion. 3. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 2, wherein said cover includes an icon that is indicative of the function of said unitary indicator module irrespective of actuation of said illumination source. 4. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said unitary indicator module comprises a light directing element for directing illumination from said illumination source toward the side of the vehicle at which the exterior rearview mirror is mounted to enhance viewing of said unitary indicator module by the driver of the vehicle when said illumination source is illuminated. 5. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said unitary indicator module includes a housing and an optic element, said housing including at least one attaching element for attaching said unitary indicator module at said inboard portion. 6. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 5, wherein said housing comprises a generally cylindrical-shaped structure. 7. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said unitary indicator module is at least partially received within an aperture at said inboard portion of said mirror assembly. 8. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 7, wherein said unitary indicator module includes an attaching element for attaching to said mirror assembly when said unitary indicator module is at least partially received within said aperture at said inboard portion. 9. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 7, wherein said unitary indicator module includes an at least partially light transmitting cover that is one of (a) substantially flush with and (b) slightly to moderately proud of an outer surface of said inboard portion when said unitary indicator module is at least partially received within said aperture at said inboard portion. 10. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 9, wherein said cover comprises an optical lens. 11. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 1, wherein said unitary indicator module comprises a multi-stage indicator for indicating a degree of hazard of the detected object. 12. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 11, wherein said multi-stage indicator comprises multiple illumination sources selectively operable to indicate the degree of hazard detected. 13. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 11, wherein said multi-stage indicator provides a first indication when no object is detected at the side lane adjacent to the vehicle, a second indication when an object is detected that is approaching the side lane area, and a third indication when an object is detected that is occupying the side lane area. 14. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 13, wherein said first, second and third indications provide at least one of (a) first, second and third color indications and (b) first, second and third indication modulations. 15. An exterior rearview mirror system for a vehicle, said exterior rearview mirror system comprising: an exterior rearview mirror assembly having a mirror casing, said mirror casing comprising a mirror portion including a reflective element and an attachment portion including an attachment for attaching said mirror assembly at an exterior side of a vehicle, said reflective element being adjustably supported by an actuator within said mirror portion of said mirror casing, said mirror casing having an inboard portion that is viewable by a driver of a vehicle when said attachment portion attaches said mirror assembly at an exterior side of a vehicle; a blind spot indicator fixedly disposed at said inboard portion of said mirror casing of said exterior mirror assembly, said blind spot indicator comprising at least one illumination source for indicating to the driver a detected presence of an object at least one of alongside and rearward of the vehicle, said blind spot indicator indicating a degree of hazard of the detected object; and wherein said blind spot indicator is configured at said inboard portion of said mirror casing so that illumination of said at least one illumination source is readily viewable by the driver of the vehicle and wherein said illumination of said at least one illumination source is generally non-viewable by other road users. 16. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim 15, wherein said blind spot indicator provides an icon that is indicative of the function of said blind spot indicator irrespective of actuation of said at least one illumination source. 17. The exterior rearview mirror system of claim
|
['G08G100']
|
claim
|
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