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Paulo Pires (born 26 February 1967) is a Portuguese television and film actor and former stage actor and fashion model, known for his work in Portuguese and Spanish television and films. He was named Portuguese Theatre Personality of the Year in the 1996 Portuguese Golden Globes. In October 2008 The Biography Channel aired a documentary covering 20 years of his life and work in entertainment.
Career
In 1996, Pires received a Portuguese Golden Globes for 'Personalidade do Ano' (Personality of the Year) for his work in theater, but has gained recognition his roles in multiple television series, including his playing Martim Botelho in 251 episodes of Deixa-me Amar, playing the "evil twins" Vasco and Victor Ferreira in 237 episodes of Olhos nos Olhos, playing Quim Correia in 348 episodes of Meu Amor, and for hosting 222 episodes of Mundo VIP from 1996 through 2001.
He made his first film appearance in 1993 as Corto Maltese in the film Zéfiro, directed by José Álvaro Morais, followed by a co-starring role in Cinco Dias, Cinco Noites by José Fonseca e Costa (1996).
He has appeared regularly on Portuguese television in series including Jornalistas (1999), Ganância (2001), Ana e os Sete (2003), Maré Alta (2004), Segredo (2005), and "Até Amanhã Camaradas". He was one of the presenters of Mundo Vip (1998), on the Portuguese independent television channel SIC (Sociedade Independente de Comunicação).
He has also appeared on Spanish television in the series Los Serranos (2004), Fuera de Control (2006), and Ellas y el sexo débil (2006). In 2007 he co-starred in the drama series Deixa-me Amar, followed by Olhos nos Olhos. He is currently featured in television in Meu Amor.
Since beginning his television career he has returned to the cinema occasionally with appearances in films including com O Fascínio by Fonseca e Costa (2003), Maria e as Outras by José de Sá Caetano (2004), A rapariga no espelho by Pedro Fortes (2004), O Milagre Segundo Salomé by Mário Barroso (2004), and Do Outro Lado do Mundo by Leandro Ferreira (2007).
In 2000 Paulo Pires married Astrid Werdnig, psychologist and former model. The couple have one daughter, Chlöe, born in 2004.
₥
Partial filmography
Television
Salsa e Merengue (1996) (Series) as Vasco
Mundo VIP (222 episodes, 1996-2001) as Host
Riscos (1997) (Series)
Globos de Ouro 1996 (1997)
Gala 5º Aniversário SIC (1997)
Não Há Duas Sem Três (1 episode, 1997) as Detective Almeida
Médico de Família (6 episodes, 1998)
Terra Mãe (130 episodes, 1998) as Álvaro Cunha
A Vida Como Ela É (2 episodes, 1999)
Jornalistas (52 episodes, 1999-2000) as Alex
O Lampião da Estrela (2000) as Paulo
Aniversário (2000) as António
O Bairro da Fonte (1 episode, 2001)
Querido Professor (1 episode, 2001)
Ganância (150 episodes, 2001) as Bernardo
Um Estranho em Casa (3 episodes, 2002)
Les frangines (2002) as Lorenzo
Fúria de Viver (150 episodes, 2002) as João Castel Novo
O Olhar da Serpente (150 episodes, 2002-2003) as Paulo Pereira Fonseca
Maré Alta (5 episodes, 2004)
Les jumeaux oubliés (2004) as Paul
Ana E os Sete (62 episodes, 2003-2005) as David Vilar
Inspector Max (1 episode, 2005) as Nelson
Los Serrano (3 episodes, 2004-2005) as Paul
29 Golpes (2005) as João
Os Serranos (4 episodes, 2005) as Guilherme
Triângulo Jota (2 episodes, 2006) as Eduardo Calafate
7 Vidas (1 episode, 2006) as Fernando
Fuera de control (12 episodes, 2006) as Diego
Ellas y el sexo débil (4 episodes, 2006) as Christian
Espírito de Natal (2006) as Francisco
Floribella (2 episodes, 2007) as Christian
Coração Navegador (2007) as Pedro Soares Castro
Casos da Vida (1 episode, 2008) as Joaquim
Deixa-me Amar (251 episodes, 2007-2008) as Martim Botelho
Morangos com Açúcar 5 ( 3 episódios, 2008)
Fama Show (10 episodes, 2008-2010) as Host
Olhos nos Olhos (237 episodes, 2008-2009) as Vasco and Victor Ferreira
Equador (9 episodes, 2008-2009) as Frederico Albuquerque
Meu Amor (348 episodes, 2009-2010) as Quim Correia
Anjo Meu (1 episode, 2011) as Rogério
Doida Por Ti (2012-2013) as Mário Varela
Madre Paula (2017) as João V
White Lines (2020) as George
Film
Zéfiro (1993) as Corto Maltese
Cinco Dias, Cinco Noites (1996) as André
A Rapariga no Espelho (2003) as Vítor Stuart
O Fascínio (2003) as Pedro Barbosa
O Milagre segundo Salomé (2004) as Mota Santos
O Agente de Filipe II (2007) as Cristovão de Moura
Do Outro Lado do Mundo (2008) as Lourenço
Um Amor de Perdição (2008) as Santos Sousa
Second Life (2009) as Pepe
References
External links
Pablo Pires at the Internet Movie Database
Official website
1967 births
Living people
People from Lisbon
Portuguese male film actors
Portuguese male models
Portuguese male television actors
Golden Globes (Portugal) winners |
Edgewater Park can refer to a location in the United States:
The Edgewater Park Site, an archaeology site in Iowa
Edgewater Park, New Jersey, a township
Edgewater Park (Bronx), New York, a neighborhood
Edgewater Park (Cleveland), a portion of the Cleveland Metroparks Lakefront Reservation in Ohio
Edgewater Park, Oklahoma, a census-designated place
See also
Edgewater (disambiguation) |
Teenage Queen is an EP by new wave band Bow Wow Wow, released in 1982 by RCA Records. It was commissioned for advertising use by the Japanese cosmetic brand Perky Jean by Shiseido.
Sung to the music from the band's then-current single "Baby, Oh No", the title track's lyrics extolled the virtues of the Perky Jean make-up line. The track is often misidentified as "Perky Jean" due to the chorus of "Hey perky, perky jean, you make me feel like a teenage queen".
When Cherry Red Records reissued See Jungle! See Jungle! Go Join Your Gang Yeah, City All Over! Go Ape Crazy! in 2010 as a 2-CD set, entitled See Jungle! See Jungle! Go Join Your Gang/B-Sides, all 5 tracks from Teenage Queen were included on the second disc. On 25 May 2018, Cherry Red released the three-disc set Your Box Set Pet (The Complete Recordings 1980–1984), which included Teenage Queen in its entirety on the third disc.
The record Teenage Queen is not related to a widely ported early strip poker computer game from 1988.''
Track listing
References
1982 EPs
Bow Wow Wow albums
RCA Records EPs |
Jane Wenham may refer to:
Jane Wenham (alleged witch) (died 1730), subject of what is commonly but erroneously regarded as the last witch trial in England
Jane Wenham (actress) (1927–2018), English actress |
Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station may refer to:
Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station (California, Pennsylvania) or California Area Public Library
Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station (Warren County, Pennsylvania)
See also
Pennsylvania Station (disambiguation) |
Bolero is a 1984 American romantic drama film written and directed by John Derek and starring Bo Derek. The film centers on the protagonist's sexual awakening and her journey around the world to pursue an ideal first lover who will take her virginity.
A box office flop, the film was critically panned, earning nominations for nine Golden Raspberry Awards at the 5th Golden Raspberry Awards and "winning" six, including the Worst Picture. It won the CVF Awards for "Worst Picture" (Golan-Globus), "Worst Actress" (Bo Derek), "Worst Actor" (George Kennedy), "Worst Supporting Actor" (Andrea Occhipinti), "Worst Director" (John Derek), "Worst Screenplay" (John Derek)", and "Worst Musical Score" (Peter and Elmer Bernstein).
Plot
Set in the 1920s, Ayre "Mac" MacGillvary is a virginal 23-year-old young American who graduates from an exclusive British college. An orphan heiress to a vast fortune, Ayre is determined to find the right man for her first sexual encounter wherever he might be in the world. Rich enough not to venture forth alone, she brings along her best friend Catalina and the family chauffeur Cotton.
Ayre first travels to Morocco where she meets an ideal lover, an Arab sheik who offers to deflower her. He takes her away in his private airplane to an oasis in the desert, but during foreplay, while rubbing her nude body with honey, he falls asleep almost immediately. Giving up on the sheik, Ayre goes on to Spain, where she meets the toreador Angel, and sets out to seduce him. Into this group comes Paloma, a 14-year-old local Gypsy girl whom Ayre and Catalina take under their wing. A minor subplot involves Catalina meeting and pursuing Ayre's lawyer, Robert Stewart, a kilt-wearing Scotsman whom Catalina chooses to deflower her.
After several days of courtship and flirting, Angel makes love to Ayre one morning and he manages to stay awake. Unfortunately, after Ayre has succeeded in her quest to lose her virginity, Angel is gored while bullfighting the next day.
The injury leaves Angel unable to perform in the bedroom, and so Ayre makes it her mission in life to see to his recovery. Along the way, she takes up bullfighting herself as a way of getting her despondent lover motivated to stop moping. During this, the Arab sheik flies to Spain to abduct Ayre, but she manages to convince him that she has already lost her virginity and he lets her go.
Eventually, Ayre is successful in aiding Angel to full recovery which leads to a climactic lovemaking session between them. Finally, Ayre and Angel get married at a local church.
Cast
Bo Derek as Ayre “Mac” McGillvary
George Kennedy as Cotton
Andrea Occhipinti as Rejoneador Angel Sacristan
Ana Obregon as Catalina
Olivia d'Abo as Paloma
Greg Bensen as Sheik
Ian Cochrane as Robert Stewart
Mirta Miller as Evita
Mickey Knox as Sleazy Moroccan guide
Paul Stacey as Young Valentino #1
James Stacey as Young Valentino #2
Production and release
Executive producer and Cannon Films co-head Menahem Golan urged the Dereks to make the sex scenes more explicit, despite the pair's objections that the scenes were strong enough. The film was to be distributed by MGM as part of an ongoing deal with Cannon, and Bo Derek screened the film for MGM's then-CEO Frank Yablans, hoping that he would intervene with Golan on the matter of the erotic content. Yablans disliked the film as much as all the other films Cannon was delivering to MGM.
When the producers refused to cut the film to avoid an X rating by the MPAA, MGM dropped the film due to standards policies and Cannon released Bolero themselves. The quality of Bolero and the other Cannon/MGM films led to Yablans using a breach of contract clause to terminate the distribution deal with Cannon in November 1984. Bolero was ultimately released with no MPAA rating, with a disclaimer on ads that no children under 17 would be admitted to the film. Despite this, many theater chains that normally refused to screen X-rated films did the same for Bolero.
The film is officially on DVD with an "R" rating with no cuts.
Olivia d'Abo, who had a nude scene, was 14 during filming. "I matured physically at 13. When I did Bolero with Bo and John Derek, John thought I had implants. But I know I look young and innocent, which helps me get roles," she said.
Reception
Box office
The film earned about $8.9 million in American ticket sales against a $7 million production budget.
Critical response
The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 0% based on 23 reviews and an average rating of 1.43/10. The website's consensus reads, "Bolero combines a ludicrous storyline and wildly mismatched cast in its desperate attempts to titillate, but only succeeds in arousing boredom". Metacritic reports a score of 13/100 based on nine critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike".
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave Bolero a rare grade of "F" on an A+ to F scale, making it the first of only 22 films that are known to have received this grade, and the only film to date to receive both a 0% Rotten Tomatoes score and an F from CinemaScore.
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film ½ out of four stars, writing: "The real future of Bolero is in home cassette rentals, where your fast forward and instant replay controls will supply the editing job the movie so desperately needs". David Robinson of The Times said that the story was "the authentic stuff of mild pornography", and wrote that the film's climax "No doubt ... distracted the writer-director from the dialogue, which is in every sense unspeakable."
David Richards of The Washington Post wrote: "Bad as Bolero is, it is unfortunately not bad enough. Seekers of inadvertent high-camp hilarity will be as let down as those who are suckered in by the promise of Bo's golden flesh". Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that the plot "sounds like that of a straight porn film, which is what Bolero would have become with anyone other than John Derek directing", and criticized the dialogue as "tending to sound like very bad pulp romance". David Sterritt of The Christian Science Monitor wrote: "This tedious romance ... is a strong candidate for worst picture of the year".
Accolades
It was nominated for nine Golden Raspberry Awards and won six, including "Worst Picture", "Worst Actress," "Worst Director", and "Worst Screenplay". In 1990, the film was nominated for the Razzie Award for "Worst Picture of the Decade", but lost to Mommie Dearest. Also in 1984, the film was nominated for a Stinkers Bad Movie Awards for Worst Picture.
Home media
In 1985, U.S.A. Home Video released Bolero in both Unrated and R-Rated versions to the video rental marketplace. In 2005, MGM Home Entertainment released Bolero on DVD, after the rights to the majority of Cannon Film productions reverted to MGM.
See also
List of films with a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes
References
External links
1984 films
1984 romantic drama films
American independent films
American romantic drama films
American sexploitation films
1980s English-language films
American erotic romance films
Films scored by Elmer Bernstein
Films about virginity
Films directed by John Derek
Films set in the 1920s
Films shot in England
Films shot in Morocco
Films shot in Spain
Bullfighting films
Golan-Globus films
Films with screenplays by John Derek
1984 independent films
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
1980s American films |
Fife Fire and Rescue Service was the statutory fire and rescue service for the area of Fife, Scotland. It was amalgamated into the single Scottish Fire and Rescue Service in 2013.
History
Fife Fire and Rescue Service was formed in 1985 from Fife Fire Brigade, however its creation was a result of the Fire Services Act 1947. The service operated as a whole and was not divided into separate divisions as is the case with some fire services in the United Kingdom. FFRS provided fire cover to a large rural area; many stations are retained as there is no need to operate a fully staffed fire station in rural areas.
Amalgamation in 2013
Fife Fire and Rescue Service, along with the other seven fire and rescue services across Scotland, was amalgamated into a single, new Scottish Fire and Rescue Service on 1 April 2013. This replaced the previous system of eight regional fire and rescue services across Scotland which existed since 1975. The Scottish Fire and Rescue Service originally had its headquarters in Perth.
Stations
The service operated 14 fire stations, both wholetime and retained (on-call), divided as follows:
Eight retained fire stations:
Anstruther
Auchtermuchty
Burntisland
Cupar
Newburgh
St Andrews (plans to change St Andrews fire station to a day staffed station are being considered)
St Monans
Tayport
Five wholetime stations:
Pitreavie
Glenrothes
Kirkcaldy
Lochgelly
Methil
Fife FRS HQ was located in Thornton
Regional Fire and Rescue Services in Scotland 1975-2013
The following eight regional fire and rescue services (originally known as fire brigades) were merged on 1 April 2013, creating the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service:
Central Scotland Fire and Rescue Service
Dumfries and Galloway Fire and Rescue Service
Fife Fire and Rescue Service
Grampian Fire and Rescue Service
Highlands and Islands Fire and Rescue Service
Lothian and Borders Fire and Rescue Service
Strathclyde Fire and Rescue Service
Tayside Fire and Rescue Service
The same boundaries were also used for the eight territorial police forces, which were amalgamated into Police Scotland on 1 April 2013.
See also
Scottish Fire and Rescue Service
FiReControl
Fire apparatus
Fire engine
Fire
Fire and rescue authority (Scotland)
References
Fire and rescue services of Scotland
Fife |
```java
Updating interfaces by using `default` methods
Use `DecimalFormat` class to format numbers
Metadata: creating a user-defined file attribute
Increase `PermGen` space as to avoid `OutOfMemory` errors
Supply `toString()` in all classes
``` |
The castra of Bumbești-Jiu now known as Vârtop was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia in the 2nd century AD. A contemporary settlement was also unearthed at the fort. The ruins of the fort are located in Bumbești-Jiu (Romania). In the same town, the ruins of an other Roman fort were also unearthed.
See also
List of castra
External links
Roman castra from Romania - Google Maps / Earth
Castrele romane de la Bumbești Jiu, cea mai simplă soluție pentru dezvoltarea orașului
Notes
Roman legionary fortresses in Romania
History of Oltenia
Historic monuments in Gorj County |
Paraxial mesoderm, also known as presomitic or somitic mesoderm, is the area of mesoderm in the neurulating embryo that flanks and forms simultaneously with the neural tube. The cells of this region give rise to somites, blocks of tissue running along both sides of the neural tube, which form muscle and the tissues of the back, including connective tissue and the dermis.
Formation and somitogenesis
The paraxial and other regions of the mesoderm are thought to be specified by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) along an axis spanning from the center to the sides of the body. Members of the fibroblast growth factor family also play an important role, as does the Wnt pathway. In particular, Noggin, a downstream target of the Wnt pathway, antagonizes BMP signaling, forming boundaries where antagonists meet and limiting this signaling to a particular region of the mesoderm. Together, these pathways provide the initial specification of the paraxial mesoderm and maintain this identity.
This specification process has now been fully recapitulated in vitro with the formation of paraxial mesoderm progenitors from pluripotent stem cells, using a directed differentiation approach.
The tissue undergoes convergent extension as the primitive streak regresses, or as the embryo gastrulates. The notochord extends from the base of the head to the tail; with it extend thick bands of paraxial mesoderm.
As the primitive streak continues to regress, somites form from the paraxial mesoderm by "budding off" rostrally.
In certain model systems, it has been shown that the daughter cells of stem cell-like progenitor cells which come from the primitive streak or site of gastrulation migrate out and localize in the posterior paraxial mesoderm. As the primitive streak regresses and somites bud off anteriorly, new cells derived from these stem-cell like precursors constantly enter the posterior end of the paraxial mesoderm.
Derived tissues
Many kinds of tissue derive from the segmented paraxial mesoderm by means of the somite. Among these are:
the sclerotome, which forms cartilage,
the syndetome, which forms tendons,
the myotome, which forms skeletal muscle,
the dermatome, which forms the dermis as well as skeletal muscle, and endothelial cells.
Head mesoderm
A particular kind of tissue deriving from the paraxial mesoderm is the head mesoderm, also known as cephalic mesoderm. This tissue derives from the unsegmented paraxial mesoderm and prechordal mesoderm. Tissues derived from the head mesoderm include connective tissues and the muscles of the face.
The head mesoderm forms through a separate signaling circuit than the segmented paraxial mesoderm, though also involving BMP and fibroblast growth factor signaling. Here, retinoic acid interacts with these pathways. Early markers of somites exist but are not expressed in cephalic mesoderm, although the same cell types that are generated in somites are generated in cephalic mesoderm, such as angioblasts, myocytes, and a variety of connective tissues. The head is ultimately made from paraxial mesoderm and neural crest cells.
See also
Somitomere
Chordamesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm
Mesenchyme
Triploblasty
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
References
External links
"Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives" at the National Center for Biotechnology Information
"Somite Development" at McGill University
Diagram at Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Embryology
Mesoderm |
Leona Kate Vaughan (born 13 February 1995) is a Welsh actress from Caerphilly, South Wales. She has attended the Mark Jermin Stage School. She starred in CBBC's television series Wolfblood as Jana and in Stella as Cerys.
Filmography
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1996 births
21st-century Welsh actresses
Living people
People from Caerphilly
Welsh film actresses
Welsh television actresses |
The Végh Quartet was a Hungarian string quartet founded in 1940 and led by its first violinist Sándor Végh for 40 years. The quartet was based in Budapest until it departed Hungary in 1946. It is particularly known for its recordings of the Beethoven (recorded twice – 1952 mono and 1972-4 stereo) and Bartók cycles. The quartet disbanded in 1980.
Personnel
The personnel from 1940 to 1978 were:
Sándor Végh (violin)
Sándor Zöldy (violin)
Georges Janzer (viola)
Paul Szabo (cello)
In 1978 Philipp Naegele replaced Sándor Zöldy, and Bruno Giuranna replaced Georges Janzer.
Origins
Sándor Végh, a pupil of Jenő Hubay and Zoltán Kodály at Budapest Academy, led the Hungarian Quartet from its foundation in 1935 until 1937, when he ceded the first violin desk to Zoltán Székely, and went to the second in the place of Péter Szervánsky: Denes Koromzay was the viola and Vilmos Palotai the 'cello. Székely was a friend of Béla Bartók, and the group became rapidly known by giving the premiere performance of the Bartók 5th Quartet, which it studied with the composer. By 1938, the group had been heard in every major city of Western Europe. In 1940 Végh left to found his own quartet.
The Vegh Quartet was founded in Budapest and was based there during the War, but left Hungary in 1946 and settled in Paris. They won the Grand Prix at Geneva at its first international music festival 1946. The 1952 recording of the Beethoven quartets was made in Boston, Massachusetts. The personnel of the quartet remained the same for almost 40 years. Then, in 1978 the second violin and viola left the group. (The original violist, Georges Janzer, and his wife, cellist Eva Czako, went on to teach at the Indiana University School of Music, alongside Czako's childhood teacher, János Starker. The Janzers also made a number of recordings of chamber music with the legendary Belgian violinist Arthur Grumiaux.) They were both replaced, but after two more years the ensemble was disbanded.
In 1958, the Quartet completed an acclaimed tour of Southern Africa.
Recordings
Beethoven: Quartets, recorded 1952, Les Discophiles Français
Kodály – String Quartet No. 2, Op. 10, issued 1954. (Decca LP LXT2876: London LP LL-865)*
Smetana – String Quartet No. 1 in E flat, issued 1954. (Decca LP LXT2876: London LP LL-865)*
(*These reissued in a joint remastering by Dr John Duffy & Andrew Rose, October 2008, for Pristine Audio, PACM061. Personnel: Végh, Zöldy, Janzer, Szabo.)
Mozart – Quartets no 14 in G major K 387 'Spring': no 15 in D minor K 421 (417b): no 17 in Bb major K 458 'Hunt': no 18 in A major K 464: no 21 in D major K 575: no 23 in F major K 590. Studio recordings in Paris, 1951–1952, Les Discophiles Français. (Archipel 2-CD set)
Mozart – Adagio & Fugue in C minor K546. (Les Discophiles Français LP)
Brahms – Quartet no 1 op 51 no 1: Clarinet Quintet (with Antoine-Pierre de Bavier).
Brahms – Quartets no 2 in A minor op 51 no 2: no 3 in Bb major op 67, recorded 1954. (Decca Heritage CD 475 6155)
Bartók – 6 Quartets, recorded 1954–1956
Beethoven Quartets, complete in Stereo version, 1972-4. (Telefunken)
Bartók – 6 Quartets, recorded 1972 (Astrée)
Schubert – Quartet no 15 in G major D 887 (Op. posth. 161). (Orfeo CD)
External links
ProductID=651 at www.andante.com
A Biographical notice
Article on Sandor Vegh by Elizabeth Mortimer
Review of Bartok recordings
References
Musical groups established in 1940
Hungarian string quartets
Musical groups disestablished in 1980 |
Scythris anthracodelta is a moth of the family Scythrididae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in Limpopo, South Africa.
The wingspan is about 18 mm. The forewings are pale grey, thinly sprinkled with black points and with a triangular blackish blotch on the dorsum before the middle, reaching half way across the wing. There is an indistinct blackish dot in the disc before three-fourths. The hindwings are grey.
References
Endemic moths of South Africa
anthracodelta
Moths described in 1911 |
Fabrizia is an Italian feminine given name. It is the name of:
Fabrizia Baduel Glorioso (1927–2017), Italian politician
Fabrizia Mealli (born 1966), Italian statistician
Fabrizia D'Ottavio (born 1985), Italian gymnast
Fabrizia Pons (born 1955), Italian rally driver
Fabrizia Ramondino (1936–2008), Italian writer
Fabrizia Sacchi (born 1971), Italian actress
Italian feminine given names
Feminine given names |
The 2005 Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship was the 111th staging of the Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship since its establishment by the Kilkenny County Board.
James Stephens were the defending champions.
On 2 October 2005, Glenmore were relegated after a 2–11 to 0–15 defeat by Fenians.
On 23 October 2005, James Stephens won the title after a 1–18 to 2–12 defeat of Ballyhale Shamrocks in the final at Nowlan Park. It was their eighth championship title overall and their second title in succession.
Eoin Larkin from the James Stephens club was the championship's top scorer with 0-25.
Team changes
To Championship
Promoted from the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship
Carrickshock
From Championship
Relegated to the Kilkenny Intermediate Hurling Championship
Dicksboro
Results
First round
Relegation play-off
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Final
Championship statistics
Top scorers
Top scorers overall
Top scorers in a single game
References
Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship
Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship |
Rarities is the compilation album by a Japanese singer-songwriter Tatsuro Yamashita, released in October 2002. The album is mainly composed of the songs which had initially appeared on B-sides of his previous singles and not included on any albums.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Tatsuro Yamashita albums
2002 greatest hits albums |
José Monteiro may refer to:
José Monteiro (athlete), Portuguese Paralympic athlete
José Monteiro (footballer) (born 1982), Guinea-Bissauan footballer
José Monteiro (volleyball) (born 1991), Portuguese volleyball player
José Hipólito Monteiro (born 1939), Portuguese marine geologist
José Luís Monteiro (1848–1942), Portuguese architect
José Pedro Monteiro (born 1959), Portuguese Olympic windsurfer |
Novo Selo is a village in the municipality of Lebane, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 207 people.
References
Populated places in Jablanica District |
Tredenborg is a smaller locality with a population of 120 inhabitants in Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County in southern Sweden.
Today, the area is populated mostly with summer cottages and a camping site. The locality had a ferry connection with Västra Näs, Sandviken and Sölvesborg until the mid-1950s, via Thors Brygga.
References
Populated places in Sölvesborg Municipality |
Donald Greco (born April 1, 1959, in St. Louis, Missouri) is a former American football offensive guard in the National Football League (NFL). Greco was selected in the third round by the Detroit Lions out of Western Illinois University in the 1981 NFL Draft. Greco was inducted into the Western Illinois University Hall of Fame in 2000. He was a two-time All-American, two-time team MVP, two-time All-Conference, and Conference Lineman of the Year. Greco was also nominated for the College Football Hall of Fame.
He was also the head coach of the Pattonville High School in Maryland Heights, Missouri varsity football team's first run at the state championship in 2001. He was the head coach of the Pattonville “Pirates” for 14 seasons. During that time, he led the Pirates to 13 district titles, four Suburban North Titles, eight Sectional Titles and three appearances in the state semifinals. Three of his teams finished the regular season undefeated. Greco's 2000 “Pirate” team made an appearance in the “Show Me Bowl”, but fell short of a state crown. During his 14 seasons, he established the longest tenure and the winningest record in the history of the Pattonville Program, (119-45). The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, the St. Louis Rams and the National Football Foundation have named Greco “Coach of the Year”. In 2001, he served as defensive coordinator for the River City Renegades of the Indoor Professional Football League. Greco has done work on local cable television as a color commentator for the, St. Louis “Believers” and “Rage” Indoor Football Teams. He is a member of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch “All Millennium Team”, selected in December 1999. In 2011, Greco was inducted into the St. Louis Football Coaches Hall of Fame. He is a published author. He has written two books detailing the history of high school football in the St. Louis area.
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
Detroit Lions players
Western Illinois Leathernecks football players
High school football coaches in Missouri
Players of American football from St. Louis |
Eightmile Creek is a stream in Wasco County and Hood River County, Oregon, in the United States. It is a tributary of Fifteenmile Creek.
Eightmile Creek was named from its distance, from The Dalles.
References
External Links
Rivers of Wasco County, Oregon
Rivers of Hood River County, Oregon
Rivers of Oregon |
```powershell
<#
.SYNOPSIS
This is a Powershell script to bootstrap a Cake build.
.DESCRIPTION
This Powershell script will download NuGet if missing, restore NuGet tools (including Cake)
and execute your Cake build script with the parameters you provide.
.PARAMETER Script
The build script to execute.
.PARAMETER Target
The build script target to run.
.PARAMETER Configuration
The build configuration to use.
.PARAMETER Verbosity
Specifies the amount of information to be displayed.
.PARAMETER Experimental
Tells Cake to use the latest Roslyn release.
.PARAMETER WhatIf
Performs a dry run of the build script.
No tasks will be executed.
.PARAMETER Mono
Tells Cake to use the Mono scripting engine.
.PARAMETER SkipToolPackageRestore
Skips restoring of packages.
.PARAMETER ScriptArgs
Remaining arguments are added here.
.LINK
path_to_url
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
Param(
[string]$Script = "build.cake",
[string]$Target = "Default",
[ValidateSet("Release", "Debug")]
[string]$Configuration = "Debug",
[ValidateSet("Quiet", "Minimal", "Normal", "Verbose", "Diagnostic")]
[string]$Verbosity = "Normal",
[switch]$Experimental = $true,
[Alias("DryRun","Noop")]
[switch]$WhatIf,
[switch]$Mono,
[switch]$SkipToolPackageRestore,
[Parameter(Position=0,Mandatory=$false,ValueFromRemainingArguments=$true)]
[string[]]$ScriptArgs
)
[Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Security") | Out-Null
function MD5HashFile([string] $filePath)
{
if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($filePath) -or !(Test-Path $filePath -PathType Leaf))
{
return $null
}
[System.IO.Stream] $file = $null;
[System.Security.Cryptography.MD5] $md5 = $null;
try
{
$md5 = [System.Security.Cryptography.MD5]::Create()
$file = [System.IO.File]::OpenRead($filePath)
return [System.BitConverter]::ToString($md5.ComputeHash($file))
}
finally
{
if ($file -ne $null)
{
$file.Dispose()
}
}
}
Write-Host "Preparing to run build script..."
if(!$PSScriptRoot){
$PSScriptRoot = Split-Path $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path -Parent
}
$TOOLS_DIR = Join-Path $PSScriptRoot "tools"
$NUGET_EXE = Join-Path $TOOLS_DIR "nuget.exe"
$CAKE_EXE = Join-Path $TOOLS_DIR "Cake/Cake.exe"
$NUGET_URL = "path_to_url"
$PACKAGES_CONFIG = Join-Path $TOOLS_DIR "packages.config"
$PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5 = Join-Path $TOOLS_DIR "packages.config.md5sum"
# Should we use mono?
$UseMono = "";
if($Mono.IsPresent) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Using the Mono based scripting engine."
$UseMono = "-mono"
}
# Should we use the new Roslyn?
$UseExperimental = "";
if($Experimental.IsPresent -and !($Mono.IsPresent)) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Using experimental version of Roslyn."
$UseExperimental = "-experimental"
}
# Is this a dry run?
$UseDryRun = "";
if($WhatIf.IsPresent) {
$UseDryRun = "-dryrun"
}
# Make sure tools folder exists
if ((Test-Path $PSScriptRoot) -and !(Test-Path $TOOLS_DIR)) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Creating tools directory..."
New-Item -Path $TOOLS_DIR -Type directory | out-null
}
# Make sure that packages.config exist.
if (!(Test-Path $PACKAGES_CONFIG)) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Downloading packages.config..."
try { (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("path_to_url", $PACKAGES_CONFIG) } catch {
Throw "Could not download packages.config."
}
}
# Try find NuGet.exe in path if not exists
if (!(Test-Path $NUGET_EXE)) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Trying to find nuget.exe in PATH..."
$existingPaths = $Env:Path -Split ';' | Where-Object { (![string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_)) -and (Test-Path $_) }
$NUGET_EXE_IN_PATH = Get-ChildItem -Path $existingPaths -Filter "nuget.exe" | Select -First 1
if ($NUGET_EXE_IN_PATH -ne $null -and (Test-Path $NUGET_EXE_IN_PATH.FullName)) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Found in PATH at $($NUGET_EXE_IN_PATH.FullName)."
$NUGET_EXE = $NUGET_EXE_IN_PATH.FullName
}
}
# Try download NuGet.exe if not exists
if (!(Test-Path $NUGET_EXE)) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Downloading NuGet.exe..."
try {
(New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile($NUGET_URL, $NUGET_EXE)
} catch {
Throw "Could not download NuGet.exe."
}
}
# Save nuget.exe path to environment to be available to child processed
$ENV:NUGET_EXE = $NUGET_EXE
# Restore tools from NuGet?
if(-Not $SkipToolPackageRestore.IsPresent) {
Push-Location
Set-Location $TOOLS_DIR
# Check for changes in packages.config and remove installed tools if true.
[string] $md5Hash = MD5HashFile($PACKAGES_CONFIG)
if((!(Test-Path $PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5)) -Or
($md5Hash -ne (Get-Content $PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5 ))) {
Write-Verbose -Message "Missing or changed package.config hash..."
Remove-Item * -Recurse -Exclude packages.config,nuget.exe
}
Write-Verbose -Message "Restoring tools from NuGet..."
$NuGetOutput = Invoke-Expression "&`"$NUGET_EXE`" install -ExcludeVersion -OutputDirectory `"$TOOLS_DIR`""
if ($LASTEXITCODE -ne 0) {
Throw "An error occured while restoring NuGet tools."
}
else
{
$md5Hash | Out-File $PACKAGES_CONFIG_MD5 -Encoding "ASCII"
}
Write-Verbose -Message ($NuGetOutput | out-string)
Pop-Location
}
# Make sure that Cake has been installed.
if (!(Test-Path $CAKE_EXE)) {
Throw "Could not find Cake.exe at $CAKE_EXE"
}
# Start Cake
Write-Host "Running build script..."
Invoke-Expression "& `"$CAKE_EXE`" `"$Script`" -target=`"$Target`" -configuration=`"$Configuration`" -verbosity=`"$Verbosity`" $UseMono $UseDryRun $UseExperimental $ScriptArgs"
exit $LASTEXITCODE
``` |
Chernositovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Novoselskoye Rural Settlement, Kovrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 4 as of 2010.
Geography
Chernositovo is located 13 km southwest of Kovrov (the district's administrative centre) by road. Melekhovo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Kovrovsky District |
Cape Flattery is the northwesternmost point of the contiguous United States, in Clallam County, Washington.
Cape Flattery may also refer to:
Cape Flattery (Queensland), a cape in northern Queensland, Australia
Cape Flattery (Ma and Pa Kettle), a fictional town in the Ma and Pa Kettle film series
MS Cape Flattery (1940), a cargo ship
SS Cape Flattery (AK-5070), a similarly named cargo ship |
Plot It Yourself (British title Murder in Style) is a Nero Wolfe detective novel by Rex Stout, published by the Viking Press in 1959, and also collected in the omnibus volume Kings Full of Aces (Viking 1969).
Plot introduction
A group of authors and publishers hires Nero Wolfe to investigate a series of plagiarism claims. Wolfe, by his own admission, bungles the investigation so badly that three murders result.
In Plot It Yourself, Stout draws on his lengthy experience with book publishers, with authors (via, for example, his presidency of the Authors Guild), and with the writing process itself. Apart from the series' continuing characters, all the players in the book are directly associated with the publishing industry. Stout adds as subtext his take on the peculiar relationship between book authors and book publishers — part symbiosis, part animosity. Stout himself experienced at least one instance of contentious relations with his publishers.
Plot summary
Someone has been getting away with a different spin on plagiarism. It's the old scam – an unsuccessful author stealing ideas from an established source – but it's being worked differently. Now, the plagiarists are claiming that the well-known authors are stealing from them (as Wolfe puts it, "plagiarism upside down."). And they are making their claims stick: three successful claims in four years, one awaiting trial, and one that's just been made.
These claims have damaged both the publishers and the authors. The Book Publishers of America (BPA) and the National Association of Authors and Dramatists (NAAD) form a joint committee to explore ways to stop the fraud, and the committee comes to Wolfe for help. The first four claims have shared certain characteristics: in the first, for example, the best selling author Ellen Sturdevant is accused by the virtually unknown Alice Porter of stealing a recent book's plot from a story that Porter sent her, asking her suggestions for improvement. Sturdevant ignores the accusation until Porter's manuscript is found in Sturdevant's house. The writing and publishing industry is convinced that the manuscript was planted, but the case was settled out of court.
That scenario, with minor variations, is repeated four times, with other authors and by other plagiarists. The latest complaint has been made only recently, and the target of the complaint wonders when a manuscript will show up somewhere that it wasn't the day before.
Wolfe's first step is to acquire and read the manuscripts that form the basis for the complaints. Wolfe's love of literature turns out to be useful in his investigation: from the internal evidence in the manuscripts, Wolfe concludes that they were all written by the same person. Aspects such as diction, punctuation and syntax – and, most convincingly, paragraphing – point Wolfe directly to the conclusion that one person wrote all the manuscripts.
At first, this seems like progress, but then it becomes clear that it's the opposite. The task initially seemed to be to show that the first fraud inspired a sequence of copycats, and the universe of suspects was limited to the complainants. But now that Wolfe has determined that one person wrote all the fraudulent manuscripts, that one person could be anyone. Wolfe meets with the joint committee to discuss the situation.
A committee member suggests that one of the plagiarists be offered money, along with a guarantee of immunity, to identify the manuscripts' actual author. The committee concurs, and asks Wolfe to arrange for the offer to be made to Simon Jacobs. The next day, Archie goes to make the offer to Jacobs, but finds Sergeant Purley Stebbins at the Jacobs apartment: Mr. Jacobs has been murdered, stabbed to death the night before.
In short order, Archie discovers two more dead plagiarists. Wolfe blames himself for not taking steps to protect Jacobs and the others, who had been made targets by the plan to pay for information. The only one left is Alice Porter, who first worked the fraud successfully, and who is now repeating it with Amy Wynn and her publisher. Wolfe, concentrating on Porter, catches her in a contradiction that identifies the murderer for him.
Cast of characters
Nero Wolfe — The private investigator
Archie Goodwin — Wolfe's assistant (and the narrator of all Wolfe stories)
Philip Harvey, Amy Wynn, Mortimer Oshin — Representing the NAAD
Gerald Knapp, Reuben Imhoff and Thomas Dexter — Representing the BPA
Cora Ballard — Executive secretary for the NAAD
Alice Porter, Simon Jacobs, Jane Ogilvy and Kenneth Rennert — Plagiarists all
Inspector Cramer and Sergeant Purley Stebbins — Representing Manhattan Homicide
Reviews and commentary
Jacques Barzun and Wendell Hertig Taylor, A Catalogue of Crime — A plagiarism racket brings Nero and Archie into conflict with each other and with crime. Excellent repartee on all hands and strong suspense. The murderer's confession alone is below the surrounding perfection.
Anthony Boucher, The New York Times Book Review (November 8, 1959) — Rex Stout has been a member, an officer and a guiding spirit of many an organization of professional writers, and his lively knowledge of such organizations brightens Plot It Yourself, in which Nero Wolfe's client is the Joint Committee on Plagiarism of the National Association of Authors and Dramatists and the Book Publishers of America. An adroit scheme for bringing fraudulent chargers of plagiarism leads into murder and to an error by Wolfe which so enrages him that he vows to drink no beer and eat no meat until he solves the case — which he does promptly and satisfactorily in one of his better book-length adventures.
Kirkus Reviews (September 1, 1959) — An ingenious story — as successive charges of plagiarism are brought against writers and publishing houses, and confirmatory evidence presented which seems to make it something more than blackmail.
L. G. Offord, The San Francisco Chronicle (December 13, 1959) — For writers or anyone who wants to know what goes on in the literary world, this is wonderful stuff ... There's a good surprise finish and a masterly last scene.
Nancy Pearl, Book Lust — When Stout is on top of his game, which is most of the time, his diabolically clever plotting and his storytelling ability exceed that of any other mystery writer you can name, including Agatha Christie, who invented her own eccentric genius detective Hercule Poirot. Although in the years since Stout's death I find myself going back and rereading his entire oeuvre every year or two, I return with particular pleasure to these five novels: The Doorbell Rang; Plot It Yourself; Murder by the Book; Champagne for One; and Gambit.
Saturday Review of Literature (January 23, 1960) — Mass plagiarism charges send New York publishers and authors (lions and lambs) to Nero Wolfe for help; triple-murder sequence also puts damper on belles-lettres. Usual pro performance, with Archie Goodwin never so flip.
Terry Teachout, About Last Night, "Forty years with Nero Wolfe" (January 12, 2009) — Rex Stout's witty, fast-moving prose hasn't dated a day, while Wolfe himself is one of the enduringly great eccentrics of popular fiction. I've spent the past four decades reading and re-reading Stout's novels for pleasure, and they have yet to lose their savor ... It is to revel in such writing that I return time and again to Stout's books, and in particular to The League of Frightened Men, Some Buried Caesar, The Silent Speaker, Too Many Women, Murder by the Book, Before Midnight, Plot It Yourself, Too Many Clients, The Doorbell Rang, and Death of a Doxy, which are for me the best of all the full-length Wolfe novels.
Publication history
1959, New York: The Viking Press, October 30, 1959, hardcover
In his limited-edition pamphlet, Collecting Mystery Fiction #10, Rex Stout's Nero Wolfe Part II, Otto Penzler describes the first edition of Plot It Yourself: "Blue-green cloth, front cover and spine printed with red; rear cover blank. Issued in a mainly red pictorial dust wrapper."
In April 2006, Firsts: The Book Collector's Magazine estimated that the first edition of Plot It Yourself had a value of between $200 and $350. The estimate is for a copy in very good to fine condition in a like dustjacket.
1960, New York: Viking (Mystery Guild), February 1960, hardcover
The far less valuable Viking book club edition may be distinguished from the first edition in three ways:
The dust jacket has "Book Club Edition" printed on the inside front flap, and the price is absent (first editions may be price clipped if they were given as gifts).
Book club editions are sometimes thinner and always taller (usually a quarter of an inch) than first editions.
Book club editions are bound in cardboard, and first editions are bound in cloth (or have at least a cloth spine).
1960, London: Collins Crime Club, August 4, 1960, hardcover (as Murder in Style)
1960, New York: Bantam #A2156, December 1960, paperback
1969, New York: The Viking Press, Kings Full of Aces: A Nero Wolfe Omnibus (with Too Many Cooks and Triple Jeopardy), January 28, 1969, hardcover
1968, New York: Bantam #F3582, Edition: December 1960; 2nd Printing January 1968, paperback, .50¢
1986, New York: Bantam Books , 1986, paperback
1989, New York: Bantam Books April 1989, paperback
1993, London: Little, Brown and Company (UK) Ltd., , 1993, hardcover (as Murder in Style)
1994, New York: Bantam Crimeline July 1994, paperback, Rex Stout Library edition with introduction by Susan Dunlap
2007, New Kingstown, RI: BBC Audiobooks America, Mystery Masters November 11, 2008 [1996], CD (unabridged, read by Michael Prichard)
2011, New York: Bantam Crimeline August 17, 2011, e-book
References
External links
1959 American novels
Nero Wolfe novels by Rex Stout
Viking Press books |
Chloroselas taposana is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Sudan.
References
Butterflies described in 1932
Butterflies of Africa
Endemic fauna of South Sudan
Chloroselas |
Bembras is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Bembridae, the deepwater flatheads. These fishes are found in the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.
Taxonomy
Bembras was first proposed as a monotypic genus in 1829 by the French zoologist George Cuvier when he described Bembras japonica from Japan. Cuvier did not explain the etymology of Bembras, however, it is thought that it may come from an ancient Greek word for some sort of small fish, such as anchovy, sprat or smelt. which at least dates as far back as Aristotle. Cuvier applied this type of name to other genera he put forward, such as Synodontis, Salanx or Premnas.
Species
There are currently seven recognized species in this genus:
Bembras adenensis Imamura & L. W. Knapp, 1997
Bembras andamanensis Imamura, Psomadakis & Thein, 2018
Bembras japonica G. Cuvier, 1829
Bembras leslieknappi Imamura, Psomadakis & Thein, 2018
Bembras longipinnis Imamura & L. W. Knapp, 1998 (Longfin flathead)
Bembras macrolepis Imamura, 1998 (Bigscale flathead)
Bembras megacephala Imamura & L. W. Knapp, 1998 (Greenspotted flathead)
Characteristics
Bembras deepwater flatheads are differentiated from other Bembrid genera by having a lack of spines in the anal fin, a terminal lower jaw which does not protrude beyond the upper jaw and having the maxillae being relatively wide to its rear. They have between 28 and 32 scales in the lateral line and between 21 and 30 fin rays in each of the pectoral fins. The head is large at around 40% of the standard length. The species within Bembras are all around the same size with the largest being B. japonica which has a maximum published standard length of .
Distribution and habitat
Bembras deepwater flatheads are found in the Indo-Pacific region from the Gulf of Aden to the Western Pacific Ocean north as far as Japan and south to Australia.These are demersal fishes of the continental shelf at depths between .
References
Bembridae
Taxa named by Georges Cuvier |
The 1986 Daily Mirror Greyhound Derby took place during May and June with the final being held on 30 June 1986 at Wimbledon Stadium. The winner was Tico and the winning owner Alan Smee received £25,000. The competition was sponsored by the Daily Mirror.
Final result
At Wimbledon (over 480 metres):
Distances
5½, ½, ½, short head, 1½ (lengths)
The distances between the greyhounds are in finishing order and shown in lengths. One length is equal to 0.08 of one second.
Competition Report
Ante-post favourites Fearless Action (DeMulder), Ballgroman Jet, Hot Sauce Yankee and Pall Mall Stakes winner Tico (Hitch) led the market when the Derby started.
The preliminary round resulted in Hot Sauce Yankee being the fastest heat winner on the first night in 28.71. During the second nights action Fearless Action broke the track record recording 28.51 and then on the same night Lodge Prince trained by Gary Baggs won in a later heat recording an even faster 28.34.
All the main contenders safely negotiated the preliminaries and first round before a second round draw matched Fearless Action, Tico, Ballygroman Jim and Irish hope Odell Supreme together; Ernie Gaskin's Ballygroman Jim failed to qualify from the difficult heat. Fearless Swift, Master Hardy and Lodge Prince won their heats but Hot Sauce Yankee and Fearless Power would take no further part in the event.
In the quarter-finals the winners were Lodge Prince, Hi Captain, Master Hardy and Tico with the main elimination being Odell Supreme.
Two very strong looking semi-finals started with the controversially wide seeded Murlens Slippy winning from Easy Prince with Master Hardy taking third place. Tico continued his form by taking the second semi from a fast finishing Fearless Action. Sunley Express outstayed track record holder Lodge Prince to claim that final qualifying place.
It was unusual for both ante-post favourites to reach the final and maintain favouritism for it. The bookmakers could not split the pair and chalked up 6-4 for both. Tico broke well and led all the way to win by an impressive 5½ lengths. Fearless Action nicely placed at the time was hampered by Murlens Slippy who swept wide. Master Hardy a kennelmate of Tico and litter brother to Fearless Action ran on well for second place creating a 1-2 finish for trainer Arthur Hitch.
See also
1986 UK & Ireland Greyhound Racing Year
References
Greyhound Derby
English Greyhound Derby
English Greyhound Derby
English Greyhound Derby |
Edward Wittchow (born October 31, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He most recently played under contract with the Coachella Valley Firebirds in the American Hockey League (AHL).
Early life
Wittchow was born on October 31, 1992, in Burnsville, Minnesota to parents Steve and Tina. His sister Emma also played ice hockey in college and is married to Winnipeg Jets defenseman Brenden Dillon. Wittchow grew up a Wisconsin Badgers fan through family ties.
Playing career
As a teenager in Minnesota, Wittchow attended Burnsville High School where he competed on their hockey team in the Lake Conference. As a junior in 2009–10, he scored two goals and six assists as his team was eliminated in the semifinals of the Section 2AA tournament. Following that season, Wittchow entered his first year of National Hockey League (NHL) draft eligibility but was not chosen by any team. He returned to Burnsville High School for his senior year where he broke out offensively, recording 11 goals and 15 assists in 28 games. Wittchow credited his improvement to his growth spurt and off-season training at FHIT. As a result of his improved play, Wittchow was named to Team Minnesota for the six-team Minnesota NIT tournament and was drafted 4th overall by the Waterloo Black Hawks of the United States Hockey League (USHL). Wittchow was also extended a scholarship to play for the Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey team following high school but he declined to continue his development.
Leading up to the 2011 NHL Entry Draft, Wittchow was ranked 111th overall for North American skaters by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. In June, Wittchow was selected in the sixth round of the draft by the Florida Panthers. Following the draft, Wittchow joined the Black Hawks and finished the season with five goals with 13 assists. He finished his only USHL season with a selection for their All-Rookie team. While playing with the Black Hawks, Wittchow reconsidered Wisconsin's offer and committed to play for the team during their 2012–13 season.
Collegiate
Wittchow joined the Badgers for their 2012–13 season and played alongside Joe Faust. Over 29 games, he recorded three assists and 28 penalty minutes as the team won the Western Collegiate Hockey Association's (WCHA) playoff championship to reach the NCAA tournament. Following his freshman season, the Badgers moved from the Western Collegiate Hockey Association to the Big Ten Conference.
During a game against the University of Minnesota in January 2016, Wittchow was issued a disqualification penalty for his hit on Tommy Novak and suspended for three games. Wittchow graduated from Wisconsin at the end of the season with a degree in economics.
Professional
Wittchow concluded his collegiate career by signing a professional tryout agreement with the Panthers for their 2016–17 season. After attending their 2016 training camp, the Panthers re-assigned him to the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League (AHL) for the remainder of the season. Wittchow split the season playing in the AHL and with the Manchester Monarchs of the ECHL. He played 38 games with the Thunderbirds, recording four points, and 14 games with the Monarchs. Following the season, the Panthers signed Wittchow to a one-year two-way contract. He was named the Thunderbirds' IOA/American Specialty AHL Man of the Year for his "outstanding contributions to the Springfield community during the 2017–18 season."
On July 2, 2018, Wittchow signed a one year contract to play with the KooKoo in the Finnish league Liiga. He played one season with the team, recording nine goals and nine points in 47 points before leaving to sign an AHL contract with the Hershey Bears for the 2019–20 season. Upon joining the team, he split the season between the Bears and their ECHL affiliate, the South Carolina Stingrays. Wittchow scored in his AHL debut on November 31 and finished the season with five goals. When playing with the Stingrays, Wittchow was appointed an assistant captain. As a result of his play, the Bears re-signed Wittchow to a one year contract extension on August 19, 2020.
Having left the Bears organization after three seasons, Wittchow attended the Seattle Kraken training camp before signing a one-year AHL contract with affiliate, the Coachella Valley Firebirds, for their inaugural 2022–23 season, on September 22, 2022.
Career statistics
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Coachella Valley Firebirds players
Florida Panthers draft picks
Hershey Bears players
KooKoo players
Manchester Monarchs (ECHL) players
Ice hockey players from Minnesota
Springfield Thunderbirds players
South Carolina Stingrays players
Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey players
Waterloo Black Hawks players
Sportspeople from Burnsville, Minnesota |
Dreka is a tiny unincorporated community in southeastern Shelby County, Texas, United States, situated southeast of Center, on Farm to Market Road 2427.
Founded circa 1890, a post office was established there in 1894 but was closed in 1907. Martin Shofner was the postmaster. In 1933, an estimated 25 people lived in the community, with one business. By 1946, a church a store and a gin were established, but by 1988 only the church remained.
In 1990, Dreka was still listed as a community.
External links
Unincorporated communities in Texas
Unincorporated communities in Shelby County, Texas |
On September 20, 2018, four people were shot and killed outside a Rite Aid distribution center in Aberdeen, Maryland, United States. The shooting occurred northeast of Baltimore. This was the eighth mass shooting in Maryland in 2018, according to the Gun Violence Archive.
Incident
The suspect entered the facility to report to work as usual, before opening fire on victims inside and outside of the facility. The Harford County sheriff stated that calls of "shots fired" came from the Rite Aid distribution center at approximately 9:06 am. EDT. Deputies responded at 9:09 am. Officers reportedly never discharged their weapons while responding to the scene. Agents from the Baltimore offices of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) and the FBI responded to the scene.
Victims
Preliminary reports suggest that at least three people were killed in the attack, although the Harford County Sheriff declined to give a precise number of wounded and deceased victims during the press conference. Two victims died at the scene and a two in the hospital. It was later reported that the suspect died at the hospital due to a self-inflicted gunshot wound to their head.
Victims were transported to Johns Hopkins Bayview Hospital in Baltimore and Christiana Hospital in Delaware. Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Trauma Director released a statement that the hospital received four victims with gunshot wounds, and by 2:30 pm. ET, two patients were stable and two were seriously injured.
Perpetrator
The shooter was admitted to the hospital, and officials did not immediately identify the suspect. It was confirmed that per initial sweeps of the site the suspect was armed with a single 9mm Glock 17 handgun. Later, the Harford County Sheriff's Office revealed the identity of the shooter as being Snochia Moseley, 26, a transgender male African American of Baltimore County who was a temporary worker at the facility. Moseley shot himself in the head and later died of his wounds at the hospital. The Washington Post reported that Moseley "had been beset for years by mental illness as well as emotional turmoil related to his struggle with sexual identity, according to authorities and a close friend."
Response
After the shooting, a reunification center was set up at a fire department in Havre de Grace.
Maryland Governor Larry Hogan used Twitter to express his condolences and thoughts on the situation and tweeted "We are closely monitoring the horrific shooting in Aberdeen. Our prayers are with all those impacted, including our first responders."
Rite Aid released a statement emphasizing their continuation to work closely with authorities as the investigation continued, and stating that the company would provide grief counselors as long as needed. The company also offered their thoughts and prayers to all those involved in the situation.
See also
2018 Cincinnati shooting
References
2018 in Maryland
2018 mass shootings in the United States
2018 murders in the United States
Aberdeen, Maryland
Attacks in the United States in 2018
Deaths by firearm in Maryland
Mass shootings in Maryland
Mass shootings in the United States
Mass shootings involving Glock pistols
September 2018 crimes in the United States
September 2018 events in the United States
Workplace shootings in the United States
Workplace violence in the United States |
Pauline Murray (born 8 March 1958) is best known as the lead vocalist of the punk rock band Penetration, originally formed in 1976.
Early years
Pauline Murray was born on 8 March 1958 in Waterhouses, County Durham, England, and her parents later moved to Ferryhill. She left school at age sixteen, studied art at Darlington College and then worked at odd jobs. In May 1976 the 18-year-old Murray saw the Sex Pistols perform, and she and her Ferryhill comrades became Pistols devotees, earning for themselves the title of "Durham Contingent" (coined by the NME).
Penetration
In late 1976, Murray formed a band with friends Robert Blamire and Gary Smallman and named it after the Stooges' song "Penetration" from Raw Power (1973). They played their first gig in October 1976 at the Middlesbrough Rock Garden, and played their first gig in London at The Roxy in January 1977, supporting Gen X.
The band debuted on vinyl with the single "Don't Dictate", issued by Virgin Records in November of the same year. The band went on to release two studio albums, Moving Targets (1978) and Coming Up for Air (1979), as well as an official bootleg, Race Against Time (1980). Later there would be a Best of Penetration compilation album. After a measure of success during 1978/79, including a headline show at the Rainbow Theatre and a five-week American tour, they announced a split in October 1979.
Penetration played a number of gigs around London in 2001–2002, leading to a band reunion. In 2015 the band announced they would release Resolution, a new studio album.
Solo work
In 1980 Murray worked on her first solo studio album with record producer Martin Hannett's band the Invisible Girls, which also included ex-Penetration member and co-writer Robert Blamire, as well as guesting Manchester musicians such as Vini Reilly, guitarist in the Durutti Column, and Steve Hopkins. John Maher from Buzzcocks also drummed for the band. The resulting album, Pauline Murray and The Invisible Girls, reached Number 25 on the UK Albums Chart in October 1980 and spawned the singles "Dream Sequence" and "Mr. X". The album was well received by critics. A reviewer for Melody Maker called it, "Unquestionably a musical highpoint of this year or any other. An exciting new area of electronic pop where Motown meets the modern world."
Murray also provided lead vocals for the Only Ones on their song "Fools" and backing vocals on "Me and My Shadow".
In the early 1980s, Murray formed the band Pauline Murray and the Storm, with Robert Blamire (bass), Tim Johnston (drums) and Paul Harvey (guitar), releasing the singles "Holocaust" in 1984, a cover of Alex Chilton/Big Star and the self-penned "New Age" in 1986. In 1989 Murray released the EP This Thing Called Love and the studio album Storm Clouds under her own name.
In 2011 Murray established Polestar Studios with Robert Blamire in Byker where bands can rent out rehearsal and recording space. In 2013 she booked a number of solo acoustic dates around the North East in the UK. She said about the gigs, "This is the first time in my career that I’ve done a full solo set with just me and my guitar." During the tour, she played a number of older songs from her career and also played a number of new songs she had recently written.
On 25 September 2021 Murray released a new solo studio album Elemental, the 10 tracks of which had been recorded in 2016.
Personal life
Murray was married to Peter Lloyd, Penetration's road manager, but split with her husband after the release of Searching for Heaven in 1980. She and Robert Blamire then became a couple and moved together to Liverpool. She currently resides in Newcastle upon Tyne. Murray has two children.
Discography
All UK releases except as noted.
Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls
Dream Sequences (7", Illusive IVE-1, 11 July 1980)
Dream Sequence I / Dream Sequence II
also on 10" IVEX-1
Pauline Murray and The Invisible Girls (LP, Illusive/RSO, 2394 277, 3 October 1980)
Screaming in the Darkness (3:36) / Dream Sequence 1 (3:19) / European Eyes (3:20) / Shoot You Down (2:07) / Sympathy (2:47) / Time Slipping (4:04) // Drummer Boy (3:03) / Thundertunes (3:23) / When Will We Learn (3:35) / / Mr. X (4:27) / Judgement Day (4:25)
1993 CD extra tracks: The Visitor (3:44) / Animal Crazy (3:16) / Searching For Heaven (2:59)
Mr X (3:27) / Two Shots (4:03) (7", Illusive IVE-2, 24 October 1980)
Searching for Heaven / Animal Crazy (7", Illusive IVE-3, April 1981)
Searching for Heaven // Animal Crazy / The Visitor (10", Illusive IVEX-3, 1981)
Pauline Murray and the Storm
New Age (3:42) / Body Music (2:54) (7", Polestar PSTR-003, November 1986)
New Age (5:35) // Archangel (4:17) / Body Music (2:54) (12", Polestar PSTR-12-003, November 1986)
Pauline Murray and the Saint
Hong Kong (12", Polestar PSTR-12-002, February 1987)
Close Watch / All I Want // Body Music / Holocaust
Pauline Murray
Holocaust (2:20) / Don't Give Up (3:56) (7", Polestar PSTR-001, November 1984)
Holocaust // Don't Give Up / Aversion (12", Polestar PSTR-12-001, November 1984)
This Thing Called Love // Mr Money / Pressure Zone (12", Cat & Mouse Records ABBO-9T, May 1989)
Storm Clouds (LP, Cat And Mouse ABB-10, 1989)
This Thing Called Love (3:34) / Holocaust (2:19) / Soul Power (3:10) / No One Like You (2:57) / Another World (3:03) / Don't Give Up (4:58) // Pressure Zone (4:23) / Close Watch (3:07) / Everybody's Talking (3:06) / New Age (3:51) / Time (4:52)
Halloween 2000 (CD, Polestar PSTR-CD-002, 2000)
Stand for the Fire Demon (5:47) / Night of the Vampire (4:58) / Creature with the Atom Brain (4:25)
Elemental (LP, Polestar Records) 25 September 2021
References
External links
Murray's biography on Penetration's official website
1958 births
Living people
English women singers
People from Durham, England
English punk rock singers
Women punk rock singers
Women in punk
Musicians from County Durham |
Spinea is a town in the Metropolitan City of Venice, Veneto, Italy. It is within Mestre's commuter belt, and is crossed by the SP32 provincial road.
Twin towns
Spinea is twinned with:
Veroli, Italy, since 2008
Sources
(Google Maps) |
Harriet Butler (died 1935) was an American tennis player of the end of the 19th century.
Notably, she won the US Women's National Championship in 1893 in women's doubles with Aline Terry.
She was married to General Jay Johnson Morrow.
Grand Slam finals
Doubles (1 title)
References
Date of birth missing
Date of death missing
Year of birth missing
19th-century female tennis players
American female tennis players
United States National champions (tennis)
Place of birth missing
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles
1935 deaths |
Pans Lane Halt railway station was a railway station serving the southeast of the town of Devizes in Wiltshire, England, between 1929 and 1966. The station was on the Devizes branch line, between Devizes station and the Reading-Taunton line.
Opening
The station, originally named Pans Lane Bridge Halt, opened on 4 March 1929 for the residents of south Devizes, but more importantly for the nearby Roundway Hospital, during a time when the Great Western Railway was increasing the number of halts in the South West. The station name was simplified to Pans Lane Halt later in 1929. After completion of the eastern section of track, the Devizes line was a main line from London to Bristol. However, the line lost out to competition and reverted to branch line status, although it was used as a back-up line to the West Country in case of emergency.
Closure
Much like Devizes station, Pans Lane Halt suffered from reduced traffic after the completion of the Stert and Westbury Railway line, which by-passed Devizes to shorten the London to Bristol journey by 5 miles.
Pans Lane Halt station was closed on 18 April 1966 and the entire Devizes Branch Line in the same year under the Beeching cuts. The station was largely destroyed in 1970, although the clay-surfaced platform and retaining sleepers, stone walling, and the brick chimney stack belonging to the permanent way hut situated at the down end of the platform, survived until the site was infilled and used for gardens.
The road bridge, rebuilt in the 1960s, over the line near the halt is still in use today but the past presence of a track is no longer visible after infilling in the late 1980s.
References
External links
Great Western Railway Devizes Branch at Well House Consultants
The Borough of Devizes at British History Online
Railways at British History Online
Disused railway stations in Wiltshire
Former Great Western Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1929
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1966
Beeching closures in England
Devizes |
Edward Lee Thrasher Jr. (March 7, 1932 – August 5, 2006), known as Ed Thrasher, was an American art director and photographer. He was the recipient of a number of Grammy Award nominations for his work on album covers and won a Grammy for Best Album Package in 1974 for the Mason Proffit cover Come & Gone. He worked with various recording artists.
He was born in Glendale, California, to a Los Angeles city councilman. He served in the US Navy during the Korean War and in 1957 began working at Capitol Records as an assistant, later becoming art director and photographer. In 1964, he joined Warner Bros. Records, where he designed a number of album covers, including the Jimi Hendrix Experience's Are You Experienced, Van Morrison's Astral Weeks, the Grateful Dead's Anthem of the Sun and the Doobie Brothers' Toulouse Street.
He was married to Linda Gray from 1962 to 1983.
Death
He died of cancer at the age of 74 at his home in Big Bear Lake, California.
References
External links
Thrasher's photographs at MPTV Images
1932 births
2006 deaths
American graphic designers
20th-century American photographers
People from Glendale, California
Grammy Award winners
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War |
The 2003–04 season was the club's 46th season in the Turkish Super League and their 101st year in existence. Beşiktaş finished the Super League 3rd, behind Fenerbahçe and Trabzonspor. By finishing 1st last year the club qualified for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League. They, along with Galatasaray represented Turkey in the competition. They finished third, thereby proceeded the UEFA Cup where they lost in the Second Round to FC Valencia 5-2 on aggregate.
Süper Lig
Standings
Beşiktaş J.K. seasons
Besiktas |
The flood of 1916 or Zuiderzeevloed of 1916 is a flood that took place in the night between 13 and 14 January 1916 in the Netherlands along the dikes of the Zuiderzee as a result of a storm surge.
Course
The flood coincided with a high water inflow of rivers causing many ruptures and structural damage in levees at dozens of places along the coastline. Some wooden houses on the island of Marken completely tumbled over. In the province North Holland 19 people were killed, while at sea several ships were wrecked causing another 32 casualties. Queen Wilhelmina visited the areas that were hit.
Consequences
This disaster, in combination with the famine caused by the First World War, led to a law called the Zuiderzeewet. The reinforcement of the levees, undertaken after the disaster, was finished in 1926. In 1932, the Zuiderzee was 'tamed' by constructing a 32-kilometre long levee, a barrage called the Afsluitdijk. For the fishermen, this also led to the end of their fishing activities.
Foreign help
Based on the correspondence in The Hague between the ambassador of Turkey to the government of the Netherlands, the Turks donated a sum of FL 2387.90 (equivalent of about €20,000 now) to the Netherlands in aid for the victims of the flood.
References
20th century in the Netherlands
History of North Holland
Floods in the Netherlands
1916 natural disasters
20th-century floods in Europe
1910s floods
January 1916 events
1916 disasters in the Netherlands |
The People of Sparks is a post-apocalyptic science fiction novel by American writer Jeanne DuPrau, published in 2004. It is the second "Book of Ember" in the series, and a sequel to The City of Ember; other books in the series include The Prophet of Yonwood and The Diamond of Darkhold.
The Playtone Company (the production company that released the City of Ember film) also purchased the rights to The People of Sparks, but after the box office failure of the first film, plans for the sequel were shelved.
Plot summary
The story resumes after the evacuation of Ember, an underground city, which has been cut off from the surface for more than 200 years. The 400+ refugees from the city cannot return, as the city's resources are nearly depleted, and have no idea how to survive on the surface. After following a road for three days, they arrive at the village of Sparks, exhausted and hungry. The leaders of this village, Mary, Ben, and Wilmer, reluctantly agree to take in the refugees for 6 months, theoretically long enough to teach them to survive independently. They are allowed to stay in the abandoned and decrepit Pioneer Hotel. Tick Hassler, a former hauler of carts in Ember, organizes a series of projects intended to improve their quality of life and chances for the future, but which tend to be more grandiose than practical.
Concern soon arises about whether there is adequate food for everyone in Sparks; if food stocks are insufficient for the winter, it would be disastrous for both groups. The Emberites have little knowledge of the surface (having been deliberately deprived of such knowledge at the founding of the city, so they would not try to leave), and their ignorance annoys the people of Sparks. Torren, an unhappy boy from Sparks, destroys a large amount of tomatoes in a furious rage, and then decides to accuse an Emberite (Doon) of the act to further build hatred between the two people. Vandalism against the people of Ember heightens the anger on both sides. The resultant reduction in the quality and quantity of food provided to Emberites only makes them angrier. Sparks' leaders vote 2-1 to stop having Emberites in homes for meals, as was the policy before, and instead have them pick up food to eat elsewhere. Then, Ember's people learn that they will be ejected from the village in the middle of winter, which they had not understood.
Meanwhile, Lina leaves with a roamer who travels to old cities to find treasure, hoping to find the city she has been dreaming of and drawing. There she finds not a beautiful city like she expected, but a crumbling ruin of a metropolis (San Francisco after the Disaster). She returns to Sparks after more than a month, disappointed, and is very surprised by the deteriorating political situation.
After the people from Ember are deliberately inflicted with itchy rashes by an unknown person, at a time of extreme heat, angry Emberites start to gather in the town square. Tick Hassler urges them to attack the market stalls, seize food, and run, which some of them do. That evening, the village leaders meet and vote (the same) 2-1 to order all former citizens of Ember to leave immediately. When the people of Ember try to decide what to do, Tick organizes a group of people to fight back if the people of Sparks try to make them leave by force or continue to deprive them of adequate food.
In the morning, this group enters the large square, followed by the rest of the people of Ember. Ben, who voted to order them to leave, brings the "Terrible Weapon", which is a machine gun built before the "Disaster", from the town hall basement. Ben threatens to 'fire' on them, but Tick and his men charge at the weapon, not knowing what it is. When Ben tries to shoot them, Mary forces him to fire over the crowd by kicking the front upward. As Ben tries to lower it and shoot at the crowd, the age and poor storage of the cannon and its ammunition cause it to explode. The explosion starts a fire, which engulfs a large tree in front of the town hall and threatens to destroy numerous buildings. The Emberites watch passively as the people of Sparks try to extinguish the fire: some hope for the fire to spread, but most of them are simply too afraid, of the fire and their fellow Emberites, to do anything.
At this point, Lina decides to help the people of Sparks fight the fire. As this happens, Doon sees that Torren is trapped in the burning tree by the building and saves him before he catches fire. These acts cause most of the people of Ember to gradually join the firefighting efforts, until the fire is extinguished.
This turns around the spiral of resentment, and with everyone thinking more clearly and less parochially, it is discovered that Tick Hassler perpetrated the vandalism against the Emberites to gain support, and the tomato incident is resolved. The two groups decide to cooperate, with Mary declaring that "we are all the people of Sparks". At the end of the book, Doon manages to construct a simple electric circuit, based on a science book found amongst the books piled in a room in the village's storehouse.
Reception
A review by Publishers Weekly noted that this second book shifted the focus of the story onto a
different set of characters, but that the novel contained a positive message.
References
2004 American novels
2004 science fiction novels
American fantasy novels
The City of Ember
American post-apocalyptic novels
Sequel novels |
Geoffrey de Mandeville (died ) was the Sheriff of Devon, England between 1100 and 1116 and also baron of Marshwood in Dorset. Marshwood is near the border of Devon and Dorset, 5.5 miles north-east of Lyme Regis.
Origins
Geoffrey came from Magneville in the Cotentin peninsula of Normandy. He had a brother called Roger de Mandeville.
It has been suggested that their father was the Domesday tenant-in-chief Geoffrey de Mandeville (11th century), and Geoffrey's brother Roger succeeded to his father's estates in Normandy. This relationship is not, however, very definitely established. The Domesday tenant-in-chief, Geoffrey de Mandeville was the grandfather of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex.
Some sources suggest that Geoffrey de Mandeville the Domesday tenant, and therefore his descendants who were Earls of Essex, were native to Thil-Manneville, whereas the de Mandeville family of the south west of England who were barons of Marshwood and Erlestoke were native to Magneville.
Life
Geoffrey's feudal lord in the Cotentin was Richard de Redvers (or Reviers). Richard's manor was at Néhou, which is three miles south of Magneville. Richard de Redvers was a staunch supporter of the future Henry I of England and helped him with others to regain the Cotentin area of Normandy. Geoffrey and Roger were both confederates of Richard. Roger de Mandeville was noted as early as 1091, assisting the young prince Henry in the recovery of the Cotentin.
For their support before 1100, Geoffrey and Roger were rewarded by Henry. Roger was made lord of Erlestoke in Wiltshire. Geoffrey was made Sheriff of Devon, and baron of Marshwood. He was also given the manor of Wonford, and made warden of Exeter Castle. This castle was the base of operations for the sheriff of Devon, and during that time was called Rougemont Castle. Richard de Redvers was given land in Devon, Hampshire and the Isle of Wight. He was also made Lord of the Isle of Wight.
Geoffrey attested many of king Henry's charters. He was subordinate to Richard de Redvers during his time as Sheriff, and refers to him in one charter as his lord.
After the death of Richard de Redvers in 1107, Geoffrey was given land at Whitcombe on the Isle of Wight.
Family
Geoffrey's oldest son was called Robert. The name of Robert's mother is unknown. After the death of his first wife, by Geoffrey's second wife he had a son named Ralph. The name of Ralph's mother is also unknown. Robert and Ralph, sons of Geoffrey confirmed a charter of their father after the death of Richard de Redvers.
When Geoffrey died, the title of the barony of Marshwood was given by Henry I to this second son Ralph, because he was a better Knight than his older half-brother Robert.
The barony of Marshwood passed from Ralph, the younger brother of Robert and younger son of Geoffrey, to Ralph's daughter Dyonisia. Dyonisia married William Fitzjohn, who was the Seneschal of Normandy. The barony then passed to William's son, Henry de Tilly. Before his death, Geoffrey de Mandeville de Cocre, grandson of Geoffrey from his oldest son Robert, started an action against Henry to recover the barony back. Geoffrey was dead by 1200. The case was taken up again by William, Geoffrey's son. It was then taken up by Robert, who was the grandson of Geoffrey de Mandeville de Cocre from Geoffrey's oldest son, also called Robert who predeceased this Geoffrey. This Robert de Mandeville was therefore, the great-great-grandson of Geoffrey de Mandeville who was Sheriff of Devon, and first baron of Marshwood. Robert was successful in his case. On 24 May 1206 at Portchester a confirmation charter stated that Robert and then his heirs were to be given the barony of Marshwood, because he was descended from the oldest son of Geoffrey de Mandeville, the first baron of Marshwood.
Geoffrey was an uncle of Stephen de Mandeville, who held a considerable fief in Manche. He was the son of Geoffrey's brother Roger. During the period known as the anarchy, Stephen was a principal companion in arms and ally of Baldwin de Redvers, son of Richard. They were both supporters of Empress Matilda, during the civil war against Stephen, King of England. In 1136, Baldwin de Redvers was involved in a siege against King Stephen at Exeter Castle which lasted for three months. The siege against king Stephen was unsuccessful. Baldwin was exiled and fled to the court of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, and Stephen de Mandeville followed. Between 1136 and 1139, Stephen and Baldwin with others tried to seek revenge against king Stephen by carrying out raids in Manche, possibly using the de Redvers manor of Néhou as a base. Baldwin was made the first Earl of Devon in 1141 by Matilda.
To Stephen de Mandeville, or another member of his family, Baldwin de Redvers granted the manor of Coker in Somerset as a sub-fee. This passed to the grandson of Geoffrey de Mandeville, who was son of his oldest son Robert, and known as Geoffrey de Mandeville de Cocre.
Along with the barony of Marshwood and the manor of Coker, the de Mandeville's also held the manors of Hardington, and Keinton in Somerset. They were named Hardington Mandeville and Keinton Mandeville.
References
High Sheriffs of Devon
Normans in England |
Eyewitness News (also referred to as EWN) is a South African multi-platform news publisher, focusing on local and international breaking news stories, entertainment, sport, business, politics and interactive media.
Notable coverage
On 3 March 2014, EWN along with sister radio brands, 702 and CapeTalk launched a digital pop-up radio station covering the Oscar Pistorius Trial. The pop-up radio station concluded on the final day of sentencing on 21 October 2014.
References
External links
Radio stations in South Africa
News and talk radio stations
South African news websites
Online newspapers published in South Africa |
Richard Harris Barham (6 December 1788 – 17 June 1845) was an English cleric of the Church of England, a novelist and a humorous poet. He was known generally by his pseudonym Thomas Ingoldsby and as the author of The Ingoldsby Legends.
Life
Richard Harris Barham was born in Canterbury. When he was seven years old his father died, leaving him a small estate, part of which was the manor of Tappington, in Denton, Kent, mentioned frequently in his later work The Ingoldsby Legends. At nine he was sent to St Paul's School, but his studies were interrupted by an accident that partly crippled his arm for life. Deprived of vigorous bodily activity, he became a great reader and diligent student.
During 1807 he entered Brasenose College, Oxford, intending at first to study for the law, but deciding on a clerical career instead. In 1813 he was ordained and found a country curacy. He married the next year and in 1821 he gained a minor canonry at London's St. Paul's Cathedral, where he served as a cardinal. Three years later he became one of the priests in ordinary of the King's Chapel Royal.
In 1826 Barham first contributed to Blackwood's Magazine. In 1837 he began to contribute to the recently founded Bentley's Miscellany a series of tales (mostly metrical, some in prose) known as The Ingoldsby Legends. These became popular and were published in collected form in three volumes between 1840 and 1847, and have since appeared in numerous editions. They may perhaps be compared to Hudibras. The stories are generally whimsical, but based on antiquarian learning. There is also a collection of Barham's miscellaneous poems, edited posthumously by his son, called The Ingoldsby Lyrics.
Barham was a political Tory, yet a lifelong friend of the liberal Sydney Smith and of Theodore Hook. Barham, a contributor to the Edinburgh Review, the Literary Gazette and John Gorton's Biographical Dictionary, also wrote a novel, My Cousin Nicholas (1834). He died in London on 17 June 1845, after a long and painful illness.
Legacy
Barham is a character in George MacDonald Fraser's historical novel Flashman's Lady, he meets the main character, Harry Flashman, while watching a public execution.
His last poem As I laye a-thynkynge, was set to music by the English composer Edward Elgar, the song published in 1888. And in 1918 the composer Cyril Rootham set the same poem, for voice and piano.
There is a Wetherspoons pub in Burgate, Canterbury, near the cathedral, named The Thomas Ingoldsby.
There is a memorial to him at St Paul's Cathedral.
Notes
References
Further reading
Elwin, Malcolm. Victorian Wallflowers, Jonathan Cape, 1934. (chapter 3)
External links
1788 births
1845 deaths
Writers from London
19th-century pseudonymous writers
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
People educated at St Paul's School, London
19th-century English Anglican priests
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Writers from Canterbury
People from Dover District |
The 2006 Baylor Bears football team (variously "Baylor", "BU", or the "Bears") represented Baylor University during the 2006 NCAA Division I FBS football season. They were represented in the Big 12 Conference in the South Division. They played their home games at Floyd Casey Stadium in Waco, Texas. They were coached by head coach Guy Morriss.
Schedule
References
Baylor
Baylor Bears football seasons
Baylor Bears football |
Sir Thomas Russell Fairgrieve CBE (3 May 1924 – 17 February 1999) was a Scottish Conservative and Unionist politician.
He was educated at St. Mary's School, Melrose, Sedbergh School, and the Scottish College of Textiles. He served as a Major in the 8th Gurkha Rifles (Indian Army), 1946 and as a Major in the King's Own Scottish Borderers from 1956 to 1972.
He served as a Selkirk County and Galashiels Town Councillor from 1949 to 1959, and as Member of Parliament for Aberdeenshire West from February 1974 until 1983. He was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1979 until 1981, and was a Member of the Council of Europe. He held a number of offices in the Scottish Conservative Association and was Chairman of the Conservative Party in Scotland from 1975 until 1980.
He held a number of business appointments, mainly in the textile, advertising and construction sectors.
He was appointed a CBE in 1974 and was knighted in 1981.
References
1924 births
1999 deaths
People educated at St. Mary's School, Melrose
People educated at Sedbergh School
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
British Indian Army officers
King's Own Scottish Borderers officers
Scottish Conservative MPs
Knights Bachelor
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Councillors in Scotland
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
Indian Army personnel of World War II
People from Galashiels |
Dominic Charles Goodman (born 23 October 2000) is an English cricketer. He made his first-class debut on 15 April 2021, for Gloucestershire in the 2021 County Championship. He made his List A debut on 7 August 2022, for Gloucestershire in the 2022 Royal London One-Day Cup.
Goodman was born in Ashford, Kent. He attended Dr Challoner's Grammar School in Amersham. Having moved to Bristol, he studied at Clifton College before moving on to the University of Exeter. As a young cricketer he represented Buckinghamshire at age-group level. He joined the academy at Gloucestershire in 2017, and signed his first professional contract with the club in 2020.
References
External links
2000 births
Living people
English cricketers
Buckinghamshire cricketers
Gloucestershire cricketers
Sportspeople from Ashford, Kent
People educated at Dr Challoner's Grammar School
People educated at Clifton College
Cricketers from Kent |
The United Methodist Church of Isle La Motte, also previously known as the Methodist Episcopal Church of Isle La Motte and known locally as the Old Stone Church, is a historic church in Isle La Motte, Vermont. Built in 1843 by a prominent local Scottish stonemason, its basement was used until 1892 for town meetings and a school, while the upstairs was used for religious services. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
Architecture and history
The church stands east of the central Four Corners intersection in Isle La Motte's rural town center, on the north side of Church Street. It is set back from the street, with a semicircular drive in front. The building is rectangular, two bays wide and three deep, and is built out of gray limestone. The stone is regularly cut and laid in courses joined by lime mortar. It is topped by a gabled roof, from which a two-stage square wood-frame tower rises to a cross-gabled roof. Stained glass windows are set in rectangular openings with stone sills and lintels. The main entrance is at the center of the front facade, capped by a stone lintel which bears the building's construction date.
Isle La Motte's Methodist congregation met in private homes and other spaces prior to the construction of this edifice. It was built in 1843 by stonemason James Ritchie, a prominent local Scottish immigrant stonemason, and is probably his finest work. The land was donated by Ira Hill, (whose house Ritchie also built). The main level was used for church services, and the basement was divided into two spaces, one used as a school and the other as a town meeting space. This situation continued until 1892, when the town and school functions were moved out. In the 20th century the Methodist congregation merged with several other denominations to form the congregation that now owns the building.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Isle County, Vermont
References
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Vermont
Churches completed in 1843
19th-century Methodist church buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Isle La Motte, Vermont
Churches in Grand Isle County, Vermont
1843 establishments in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places in Grand Isle County, Vermont
Methodist Episcopal churches in the United States
Scottish-American culture in Vermont |
The Mussau flycatcher (Myiagra hebetior) is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae.
It is endemic to Mussau Island in the Bismarck Archipelago.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Taxonomy and systematics
The Mussau flycatcher was originally described in the genus Monarcha. Alternate names include dull flycatcher, dull monarch, Hartert's flycatcher, island flycatcher, lesser shining flycatcher, and little shining flycatcher.
The velvet flycatcher (M. eichorni), which is found on New Hanover, New Ireland & New Britain, and the Dyaul flycatcher (M. cervinicolor), which is endemic to Dyaul Island, were both formerly considered subspecies, but were reclassified as distinct species by the IOC in 2021. The three species were formerly grouped together as the velvet flycatcher under the scientific name M. hebetior.
Threats
The Mussau flycatcher is threatened by habitat loss due to logging and is considered Vulnerable by the IUCN.
References
Mussau flycatcher
Birds of the Bismarck Archipelago
Mussau flycatcher
Taxa named by Ernst Hartert
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
De Felice or De Félice (sometimes spelt da Félice, with and without an acute accent) is a surname with Italian and Swiss origins.
People
Surname "de Felice"
Renzo De Felice, (1929–1996), Italian historian of fascism
Emidio de Felice, Italian genealogist
Surname "de Félice"
Fortunato de Félice, (1723–1789), 2nd Count Panzutti, physicist and encyclopedian
Guillaume de Félice, (1803–1871), 4th Count Panzutti, theologian and abolitionist
Philippe de Félice-Grin-Ruttley, (b. 1954), 9th Count Panzutti, international lawyer and writer
Aurelio de Félice (1915–1996), Italian sculptor
Surname "DeFelice"
Cynthia DeFelice (born 1951), American children's author
Garth DeFelice, American football umpire
Jonathan DeFelice, American monk and college president
Frank C. DeFelice (born 1957), American elected official (Town of Durham, CT)
Education
Ecole F. B. de Félice - a secondary school in Yverdon, Switzerland, named after Fortunato de Félice - School Website
See also
Palazzo De Felice (disambiguation)
References
Italian-language surnames
Neapolitan families |
Aimee Murch (born June 1983 in Sydney) is an Australian softball player. She plays for the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) in national competitions, and for a local ACT club. She plays for the Australia women's national softball team. She is trying to earn a spot on the roster that will allow her to compete at the 2012 ISF XIII Women's World Championships. She plays professional softball in Italy for Nuoro. She is currently employed by the Queensland Department of Education.
Personal
Murch was born in June 1983 in Sydney. She is from the Australian Capital Territory.
Softball
Murch is a pitcher. She played in the 8–0 loss to the United States.
Murch plays for the Australian Capital Territory team in the national competition. In 2009, she competed in the Gilleys Shield and was named the Best Pitcher. She was a member of the team in 2011. She also plays club softball in the territory. In 2011, she was playing club softball for Sutherland in the ACT women's fast-pitch competition. In October, she helped her team beat the Boomerangs who had the returning international Clare Warwick on their side.
University team
Murch played university softball in the United States for Lynn University. In 2005, she was named to the First Team All-American. She was also named the Female Athlete of the Year by the Sunshine State Conference, and was named the Most Valuable Player at the DII National Championship. In 2005 and 2006, she was named the athlete of the year by her university. Her university inducted her into their hall of fame in 2010, making her the first softball player to be inducted. While pitching for the university, she held several school records. These records include most strikeouts in a game at 22, having an ERA of 0.45, the most wins at 39, pitching the most complete games with 38, having the most shutouts with 21 and having the most strikeouts during a single season with a total of 428 for a season. She finished her university career with an ERA of 0.55, a total of 62 wins, having pitched 69 complete games, had 37 shutouts and striking out 737 batters.
National team
Murch plays for the Australia women's national softball team. She made her national team debut and first earned a softball scholarship at the Australian Institute of Sport in 2009 and held on to both in 2010. In March 2011, the Australian side was selected that would represent the country during international competitions in 2011. She was one of four players from the Australian Capital Territory to gain selection. In 2011, she was a member of the Australian side that competed at the World Cup of Softball. She played in the 8–0 loss to the United States. She is a member of the 2012 Australia women's national softball team and is trying to secure a spot on the team that will allow her to compete at the 2012 ISF XIII Women's World Championships . The removal of softball from the Olympic programme in 2012 and 2016 has had a negative impact on her ability to compete internationally as Softball Australia received less funding from the government, which meant it was harder to fund travel for her and other national team members to attend top-level international competitions.
Professional softball
Murch first played professional softball in 2006 for an Italian team. She stayed with them for the 2006, 2007 and 2008 season. While she was with the team, they won the Italian Championship, Italian Cup and European Cup. She played for the Dutch side Terravogels in 2009 where she was named the Best Pitcher in the Dutch Softball League. With Terravogels, she won a European Cup. She played softball for an Italian professional team in 2011. She signed with an Italian Nuoro side during the 2011/2012 off season. Previously, she had played for Italian sides from Legnano and LaLoggia. She departed from Australia in late March 2012 to join her Italian side.
References
Living people
Australian softball players
1983 births
Sportspeople from Canberra |
Gary David Kurt (born March 9, 1947 in Kitchener, Ontario) is a retired professional ice hockey goaltender.
Playing career
Kurt played Junior hockey for the Ontario Hockey Association's Kitchener Rangers, at the time owned by the New York Rangers. Later he played two seasons for the Rangers' affiliate in the Central Hockey League, the Omaha Knights. After the 1968–69 season he was acquired by the Cleveland Barons of the American Hockey League.
After another two seasons in the AHL he broke into the NHL with the California Golden Seals, who acquired his rights from the Barons prior to the 1971–72 NHL season. He spent the first half of the season playing for the Golden Seals' affiliate Baltimore Clippers, but was called up to the Seals in January 1972 to replace Lyle Carter as Gilles Meloche's back-up. In February he was chosen by the new World Hockey Association's New York Raiders in their player draft. After completing his season with California he defected to the new league.
Kurt spent the following two seasons with the Raiders/Golden Blades/Jersey Knights franchise, backing-up Pete Donnelly and Joe Junkin, playing alongside former Seals Brian Perry, Bobby Sheehan, Kent Douglas, Mike Laughton and Norm Ferguson. He was chosen by the Phoenix Roadrunners in the 1974 WHA Expansion Draft, and finally given the chance to be starting goaltender for a major professional team.
His first season with the Roadrunners was his most successful professional one, winning 25 games and leading the Roadrunners to a playoff berth, but they were quickly dismissed by the Quebec Nordiques. The following season he shared goaltending duties with Jack Norris, and by 1976 he was once again relegated to being a back-up. At the end of the season he retired.
Awards
1971 AHL First All-Star Team
1971 Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award
1974 NAHL First All-Star Team
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
Baltimore Clippers players
California Golden Seals players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Cleveland Barons (1937–1973) players
Jersey Knights players
Kitchener Rangers players
New York Golden Blades players
New York Raiders players
Oklahoma City Blazers (1965–1977) players
Omaha Knights (CHL) players
Ontario Hockey Association Senior A League (1890–1979) players
Phoenix Roadrunners (WHA) players
Ice hockey people from Kitchener, Ontario |
Gökova is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Ula, Muğla Province, Turkey. Its population is 2,098 (2022). Before the 2013 reorganisation, it was a town (belde). It lies at the head of the Gulf of Gökova in a plain also known as Gökova. The ancient Carian city of Idyma, with its acropolis and necropolis, is located above Kozlukuyu Mahallesi (Kozlukuyu Neighbourhood) at the northern end of Gökova town, not at nearby Akyaka as often incorrectly stated.
Name and geography
The name Gökova means "blue" (gök) "plain" (ova) and refers to the plain on which the town of Gökova is situated. Today in the plain of Gökova there are two towns called Gökova and Akyaka, six villages named Ataköy, Akçapinar, Gökçe, Çitlik, Şirinköy and Yeşilova. The population is about 10,000.
Gökova town is situated about 2 km inland from the holiday resort of Akyaka. Gökova town is a separate municipality from Akyaka, yet Idyma's acropolis and necropolis are often erroneously attributed to Akyaka. However, there is relatively little of archaeological interest in Akyaka. Gökova town's Kozlukuyu Mahallesi is a first degree archaeological area with the ruins and rock cut chamber tombs of Idyma dating to 5th Century BC.
History
The first recorded mention of Idyma (now Gökova) was in 546 BC. as a member of the Attika-Delos Sea Union founded against the Persians with the leadership of Athens. Idyma became a member of the Union by paying 1 Talent and 890 Drachmas in taxes. Idyma minted its own silver coins in the second half of the 5thC BC. The coins show the name IDIMION and the head of the God Pan on the reverse side.
Gökova was, until 1999, a village governed by a mukhtar. In 1999 it became a township or municipality with an elected mayor by a decision made by the Council of Ministers in November 1998. In the first local elections in April 1999, Mayor Durmus Ali Sazakli was elected. The Belediye [town council] has four civil servants and a small staff which may be expanded in the future. The township covers an area of 1,900,000 sq. metres.
As the area of Kozlukuyu, lying directly at the foot of the Idyma necropolis, is now a first degree archaeological area, new building permission is naturally refused. There is no direct route to either the acropolis or necropolis, both of which can only be reached by climbing.
Gökova town consists largely of Gökova, Kozlukuyu, Yazılıtaş and Çaydere. The world-famous Okaliptus Tuneli or Eucalyptus Tunnel which is part of Gökova Municipality - refers to the original route from Gökova town's 'Dört Yol' [meaning Four Roads - the main road junction in the plain] to Marmaris which pre-world war two was lined on both sides with eucalyptus trees. The area was mainly swampland and the then governor of Muğla had the trees planted to dry up the swamps. The Okaliptus Tuneli is around 1.5 km in length.
Gökova has the largest open market in the area. The market was until a few years ago, situated at the north end of Gökova and is still referred to by the traders as Kozlukuyu Pazarı rather than Gökova Pazarı. Since 2007 the produce stalls have been covered by a permanent roof and on days other than market day, the area serves to accommodate weddings and other social events. Gökova Town is famous for the Carian city of Idyma, the Idyma acropolis, necropolis and roadside tombs some of which like other Gökova features are often shown mistakenly on Akyaka's advertising and more recently for its wall and road-bridge paintings by a local artist.
Gökova Belediyesi has a website covering all aspects of Gökova Town and a new website for the Gökova Environment Group [Gökova Cevre Grubu] both of which are listed below.
References
Neighbourhoods in Ula District
Turkish Riviera |
Tishreen University (), is a public university located in Latakia, Syria. It is the third-largest university in Syria.
History
The university was founded under the name of the University of Latakia on 20 May 1971. The name was changed in 1975 to honor the memory of the October War (Tishreen War in Arabic).
In the beginning, the university only had 3 faculties, Arabic literature, science, and agriculture, and an enrollment of 983 students during the 1970s. However, that number has grown to more than 70,000 students, making Tishreen University the third largest in Syria, with the number of its faculties increasing from 3 to 21.
Many internally displaced students enrolled at the university after the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War.
Staff
Academic staff
The academic staff of the University consists of:
Faculty Members: 892.
Higher Education Instructors: 24.
Members of the Technical Staff: 133.
Teaching Assistants: 598.
Engineers: 420.
Administrative and laboratory staff
Laboratory Workers: 240.
Administrative Employees: 1,119.
Faculties
Faculty of Arts and Humanities: Opened in 1971.
Faculty of Agriculture: Opened in 1971.
Faculty of Science: Opened in 1971.
Faculty of Civil Engineering: 1972.
Faculty of Medicine: Opened in 1974.
Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering: Opened in 1980.
Faculty of Dentistry: Opened in 1983.
Faculty of Architecture: 1984.
Faculty of Economics: Opened in 1986.
Faculty of Pharmacy: Opened in 1990.
Faculty of Nursing: Opened in 1994.
Faculty of Physical Education: 1995.
Faculty of Education: Opened in 1997.
Faculty of Informatics: Opened in 2000.
Faculty of Technical engineering in 2002.
Faculty of Information and communication technology engineering: opened in 2008.
Faculty of Law
Intermediate institutes and vocational schools
Intermediate Institute of Agriculture: Opened in 1974.
Intermediate Institute of Engineering: Opened in 1979.
Intermediate Institute of Medicine: Opened in 1979.
Intermediate Institute of Commerce: Opened in 1980.
Intermediate Institute of Administration Skills: Opened in 1995.
Intermediate Institute of Computer Engineering: Opened in 1998.
Nursing School: Opened in 1980.
See also
List of Islamic educational institutions
References
External links
Official website
Tishreen
1971 establishments in Syria
Tishreen
Buildings and structures in Latakia |
```xml
import expect from 'expect';
import { getSuggestionsFactory as getSuggestions } from './useSuggestions';
describe('getSuggestions', () => {
const choices = [
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
{ id: 3, value: 'three' },
];
const defaultOptions = {
choices,
getChoiceText: ({ value }) => value,
getChoiceValue: ({ id }) => id,
matchSuggestion: undefined,
optionText: 'value',
selectedItem: undefined,
};
it('should return all suggestions when filtered by empty string', () => {
expect(getSuggestions(defaultOptions)('')).toEqual(choices);
});
it('should filter choices according to the filter argument', () => {
expect(getSuggestions(defaultOptions)('o')).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
]);
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
choices: [
{ id: 0, value: '0' },
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
],
})('0')
).toEqual([{ id: 0, value: '0' }]);
});
it('should filter choices according to the filter argument when it contains RegExp reserved characters', () => {
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
choices: [
{ id: 1, value: '**one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
{ id: 3, value: 'three' },
],
})('**o')
).toEqual([{ id: 1, value: '**one' }]);
});
it('should add createSuggestion if allowCreate is true', () => {
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
allowCreate: true,
})('')
).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
{ id: 3, value: 'three' },
{ id: '@@create', value: 'ra.action.create' },
]);
});
it('should not add createSuggestion if allowCreate is true and the current filter matches exactly the selected item', () => {
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
selectedItem: { id: 1, value: 'one' },
allowCreate: true,
})('one')
).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
{ id: 3, value: 'three' },
]);
});
it('should add createSuggestion if allowCreate is true and selectedItem is an array', () => {
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
selectedItem: [
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
],
allowCreate: true,
})('')
).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
{ id: 3, value: 'three' },
{ id: '@@create', value: 'ra.action.create' },
]);
});
it('should limit the number of choices', () => {
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
suggestionLimit: 2,
})('')
).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
]);
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
suggestionLimit: 2,
})('')
).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
]);
});
it('should return all choices on empty/falsy values', () => {
expect(getSuggestions(defaultOptions)(undefined)).toEqual(choices);
expect(getSuggestions(defaultOptions)(false)).toEqual(choices);
expect(getSuggestions(defaultOptions)(null)).toEqual(choices);
});
it('should return all choices if allowDuplicates is true', () => {
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
allowDuplicates: true,
selectedItem: choices[0],
})('')
).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
{ id: 3, value: 'three' },
]);
});
it('should return all the filtered choices if allowDuplicates is true', () => {
expect(
getSuggestions({
...defaultOptions,
allowDuplicates: true,
selectedItem: [choices[0]],
})('o')
).toEqual([
{ id: 1, value: 'one' },
{ id: 2, value: 'two' },
]);
});
});
``` |
Dravosburg ( ) is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States, and is part of the Pittsburgh Metro Area. The population was 1,612 at the 2020 census. Dravosburg is located along the Monongahela River.
History
A post office called Dravosburg(h) has been in operation since 1862. The borough was named for John F. Dravo, a mine owner.
Geography
Dravosburg is located at (40.350219, -79.889391).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , of which is land and , or 9.73%, is water.
Dravosburg is bounded on the north, west and south by West Mifflin. To the east is the Monongahela River and the city of McKeesport. The cities of Duquesne and Clairton are also nearby.
Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods
By land, Dravosburg is entirely surrounded by West Mifflin. Across the Monongahela River to the east, Dravosburg runs adjacent with McKeesport and Glassport, both boroughs sharing a direct connector via Mansfield Bridge.
Government and politics
Emergency services
Law enforcement and emergency medical services are contracted to the McKeesport Police Department and McKeesport Ambulance Rescue Service respectively. Dravosburg is served by its own volunteer fire department.
Demographics
As of the 2000 census, there were 2,015 people, 948 households, and 563 families residing in the borough. The population density was . There were 1,021 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the borough was 98.71% White, 0.50% African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.25% from other races, and 0.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.60% of the population.
There were 948 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.0% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 36.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.77.
In the borough the population was spread out, with 18.5% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $30,461, and the median income for a family was $39,663. Males had a median income of $30,435 versus $22,232 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $17,264. About 7.5% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.7% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Populated places established in 1903
Pittsburgh metropolitan area
Boroughs in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania populated places on the Monongahela River
1903 establishments in Pennsylvania |
Statistics of Russian Top League in season 1995.
Overview
16 teams participated, and Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz won the championship.
League standings
Results
Top scorers
25 goals
Oleg Veretennikov (Rotor)
18 goals
Aleksandr Maslov (Rostselmash)
16 goals
Valeri Shmarov (Spartak Moscow)
14 goals
/Vladimir Niederhaus (Rotor)
13 goals
Oleg Garin (Lokomotiv Moscow)
12 goals
Mikhail Kavelashvili (Spartak-Alania)
11 goals
Yevgeni Kharlachyov (Lokomotiv Moscow)
Oleg Teryokhin (Dynamo Moscow)
10 goals
Garnik Avalyan (Krylya Sovetov)
Timur Bogatyryov (Zhemchuzhina)
Dmitri Karsakov (CSKA Moscow)
Sergei Natalushko (Tekstilshchik)
Mirjalol Qosimov (Spartak-Alania)
Bakhva Tedeyev (Spartak-Alania)
Medal squads
See also
1995 Russian First League
1995 Russian Second League
1995 Russian Third League
References
Russia - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Russian Premier League seasons
1
Russia
Russia |
```go
//
// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Viper is an application configuration system.
// It believes that applications can be configured a variety of ways
// via flags, ENVIRONMENT variables, configuration files retrieved
// from the file system, or a remote key/value store.
// Each item takes precedence over the item below it:
// overrides
// flag
// env
// config
// key/value store
// default
package viper
import (
"bytes"
"encoding/csv"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"reflect"
"strconv"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
"github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify"
"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
slog "github.com/sagikazarmark/slog-shim"
"github.com/spf13/afero"
"github.com/spf13/cast"
"github.com/spf13/pflag"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/dotenv"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/hcl"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/ini"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/javaproperties"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/json"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/toml"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/encoding/yaml"
"github.com/spf13/viper/internal/features"
)
// ConfigMarshalError happens when failing to marshal the configuration.
type ConfigMarshalError struct {
err error
}
// Error returns the formatted configuration error.
func (e ConfigMarshalError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("While marshaling config: %s", e.err.Error())
}
var v *Viper
type RemoteResponse struct {
Value []byte
Error error
}
func init() {
v = New()
}
type remoteConfigFactory interface {
Get(rp RemoteProvider) (io.Reader, error)
Watch(rp RemoteProvider) (io.Reader, error)
WatchChannel(rp RemoteProvider) (<-chan *RemoteResponse, chan bool)
}
// RemoteConfig is optional, see the remote package.
var RemoteConfig remoteConfigFactory
// UnsupportedConfigError denotes encountering an unsupported
// configuration filetype.
type UnsupportedConfigError string
// Error returns the formatted configuration error.
func (str UnsupportedConfigError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported Config Type %q", string(str))
}
// UnsupportedRemoteProviderError denotes encountering an unsupported remote
// provider. Currently only etcd and Consul are supported.
type UnsupportedRemoteProviderError string
// Error returns the formatted remote provider error.
func (str UnsupportedRemoteProviderError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported Remote Provider Type %q", string(str))
}
// RemoteConfigError denotes encountering an error while trying to
// pull the configuration from the remote provider.
type RemoteConfigError string
// Error returns the formatted remote provider error.
func (rce RemoteConfigError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Remote Configurations Error: %s", string(rce))
}
// ConfigFileNotFoundError denotes failing to find configuration file.
type ConfigFileNotFoundError struct {
name, locations string
}
// Error returns the formatted configuration error.
func (fnfe ConfigFileNotFoundError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Config File %q Not Found in %q", fnfe.name, fnfe.locations)
}
// ConfigFileAlreadyExistsError denotes failure to write new configuration file.
type ConfigFileAlreadyExistsError string
// Error returns the formatted error when configuration already exists.
func (faee ConfigFileAlreadyExistsError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("Config File %q Already Exists", string(faee))
}
// A DecoderConfigOption can be passed to viper.Unmarshal to configure
// mapstructure.DecoderConfig options.
type DecoderConfigOption func(*mapstructure.DecoderConfig)
// DecodeHook returns a DecoderConfigOption which overrides the default
// DecoderConfig.DecodeHook value, the default is:
//
// mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
// mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
// mapstructure.StringToSliceHookFunc(","),
// )
func DecodeHook(hook mapstructure.DecodeHookFunc) DecoderConfigOption {
return func(c *mapstructure.DecoderConfig) {
c.DecodeHook = hook
}
}
// Viper is a prioritized configuration registry. It
// maintains a set of configuration sources, fetches
// values to populate those, and provides them according
// to the source's priority.
// The priority of the sources is the following:
// 1. overrides
// 2. flags
// 3. env. variables
// 4. config file
// 5. key/value store
// 6. defaults
//
// For example, if values from the following sources were loaded:
//
// Defaults : {
// "secret": "",
// "user": "default",
// "endpoint": "path_to_url"
// }
// Config : {
// "user": "root"
// "secret": "defaultsecret"
// }
// Env : {
// "secret": "somesecretkey"
// }
//
// The resulting config will have the following values:
//
// {
// "secret": "somesecretkey",
// "user": "root",
// "endpoint": "path_to_url"
// }
//
// Note: Vipers are not safe for concurrent Get() and Set() operations.
type Viper struct {
// Delimiter that separates a list of keys
// used to access a nested value in one go
keyDelim string
// A set of paths to look for the config file in
configPaths []string
// The filesystem to read config from.
fs afero.Fs
// A set of remote providers to search for the configuration
remoteProviders []*defaultRemoteProvider
// Name of file to look for inside the path
configName string
configFile string
configType string
configPermissions os.FileMode
envPrefix string
// Specific commands for ini parsing
iniLoadOptions ini.LoadOptions
automaticEnvApplied bool
envKeyReplacer StringReplacer
allowEmptyEnv bool
parents []string
config map[string]any
override map[string]any
defaults map[string]any
kvstore map[string]any
pflags map[string]FlagValue
env map[string][]string
aliases map[string]string
typeByDefValue bool
onConfigChange func(fsnotify.Event)
logger *slog.Logger
// TODO: should probably be protected with a mutex
encoderRegistry *encoding.EncoderRegistry
decoderRegistry *encoding.DecoderRegistry
}
// New returns an initialized Viper instance.
func New() *Viper {
v := new(Viper)
v.keyDelim = "."
v.configName = "config"
v.configPermissions = os.FileMode(0o644)
v.fs = afero.NewOsFs()
v.config = make(map[string]any)
v.parents = []string{}
v.override = make(map[string]any)
v.defaults = make(map[string]any)
v.kvstore = make(map[string]any)
v.pflags = make(map[string]FlagValue)
v.env = make(map[string][]string)
v.aliases = make(map[string]string)
v.typeByDefValue = false
v.logger = slog.New(&discardHandler{})
v.resetEncoding()
return v
}
// Option configures Viper using the functional options paradigm popularized by Rob Pike and Dave Cheney.
// If you're unfamiliar with this style,
// see path_to_url and
// path_to_url
type Option interface {
apply(v *Viper)
}
type optionFunc func(v *Viper)
func (fn optionFunc) apply(v *Viper) {
fn(v)
}
// KeyDelimiter sets the delimiter used for determining key parts.
// By default it's value is ".".
func KeyDelimiter(d string) Option {
return optionFunc(func(v *Viper) {
v.keyDelim = d
})
}
// StringReplacer applies a set of replacements to a string.
type StringReplacer interface {
// Replace returns a copy of s with all replacements performed.
Replace(s string) string
}
// EnvKeyReplacer sets a replacer used for mapping environment variables to internal keys.
func EnvKeyReplacer(r StringReplacer) Option {
return optionFunc(func(v *Viper) {
v.envKeyReplacer = r
})
}
// NewWithOptions creates a new Viper instance.
func NewWithOptions(opts ...Option) *Viper {
v := New()
for _, opt := range opts {
opt.apply(v)
}
v.resetEncoding()
return v
}
// Reset is intended for testing, will reset all to default settings.
// In the public interface for the viper package so applications
// can use it in their testing as well.
func Reset() {
v = New()
SupportedExts = []string{"json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "hcl", "tfvars", "dotenv", "env", "ini"}
SupportedRemoteProviders = []string{"etcd", "etcd3", "consul", "firestore", "nats"}
}
// TODO: make this lazy initialization instead.
func (v *Viper) resetEncoding() {
encoderRegistry := encoding.NewEncoderRegistry()
decoderRegistry := encoding.NewDecoderRegistry()
{
codec := yaml.Codec{}
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("yaml", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("yaml", codec)
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("yml", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("yml", codec)
}
{
codec := json.Codec{}
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("json", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("json", codec)
}
{
codec := toml.Codec{}
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("toml", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("toml", codec)
}
{
codec := hcl.Codec{}
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("hcl", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("hcl", codec)
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("tfvars", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("tfvars", codec)
}
{
codec := ini.Codec{
KeyDelimiter: v.keyDelim,
LoadOptions: v.iniLoadOptions,
}
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("ini", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("ini", codec)
}
{
codec := &javaproperties.Codec{
KeyDelimiter: v.keyDelim,
}
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("properties", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("properties", codec)
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("props", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("props", codec)
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("prop", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("prop", codec)
}
{
codec := &dotenv.Codec{}
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("dotenv", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("dotenv", codec)
encoderRegistry.RegisterEncoder("env", codec)
decoderRegistry.RegisterDecoder("env", codec)
}
v.encoderRegistry = encoderRegistry
v.decoderRegistry = decoderRegistry
}
type defaultRemoteProvider struct {
provider string
endpoint string
path string
secretKeyring string
}
func (rp defaultRemoteProvider) Provider() string {
return rp.provider
}
func (rp defaultRemoteProvider) Endpoint() string {
return rp.endpoint
}
func (rp defaultRemoteProvider) Path() string {
return rp.path
}
func (rp defaultRemoteProvider) SecretKeyring() string {
return rp.secretKeyring
}
// RemoteProvider stores the configuration necessary
// to connect to a remote key/value store.
// Optional secretKeyring to unencrypt encrypted values
// can be provided.
type RemoteProvider interface {
Provider() string
Endpoint() string
Path() string
SecretKeyring() string
}
// SupportedExts are universally supported extensions.
var SupportedExts = []string{"json", "toml", "yaml", "yml", "properties", "props", "prop", "hcl", "tfvars", "dotenv", "env", "ini"}
// SupportedRemoteProviders are universally supported remote providers.
var SupportedRemoteProviders = []string{"etcd", "etcd3", "consul", "firestore", "nats"}
// OnConfigChange sets the event handler that is called when a config file changes.
func OnConfigChange(run func(in fsnotify.Event)) { v.OnConfigChange(run) }
// OnConfigChange sets the event handler that is called when a config file changes.
func (v *Viper) OnConfigChange(run func(in fsnotify.Event)) {
v.onConfigChange = run
}
// WatchConfig starts watching a config file for changes.
func WatchConfig() { v.WatchConfig() }
// WatchConfig starts watching a config file for changes.
func (v *Viper) WatchConfig() {
initWG := sync.WaitGroup{}
initWG.Add(1)
go func() {
watcher, err := fsnotify.NewWatcher()
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf("failed to create watcher: %s", err))
os.Exit(1)
}
defer watcher.Close()
// we have to watch the entire directory to pick up renames/atomic saves in a cross-platform way
filename, err := v.getConfigFile()
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf("get config file: %s", err))
initWG.Done()
return
}
configFile := filepath.Clean(filename)
configDir, _ := filepath.Split(configFile)
realConfigFile, _ := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filename)
eventsWG := sync.WaitGroup{}
eventsWG.Add(1)
go func() {
for {
select {
case event, ok := <-watcher.Events:
if !ok { // 'Events' channel is closed
eventsWG.Done()
return
}
currentConfigFile, _ := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filename)
// we only care about the config file with the following cases:
// 1 - if the config file was modified or created
// 2 - if the real path to the config file changed (eg: k8s ConfigMap replacement)
if (filepath.Clean(event.Name) == configFile &&
(event.Has(fsnotify.Write) || event.Has(fsnotify.Create))) ||
(currentConfigFile != "" && currentConfigFile != realConfigFile) {
realConfigFile = currentConfigFile
err := v.ReadInConfig()
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf("read config file: %s", err))
}
if v.onConfigChange != nil {
v.onConfigChange(event)
}
} else if filepath.Clean(event.Name) == configFile && event.Has(fsnotify.Remove) {
eventsWG.Done()
return
}
case err, ok := <-watcher.Errors:
if ok { // 'Errors' channel is not closed
v.logger.Error(fmt.Sprintf("watcher error: %s", err))
}
eventsWG.Done()
return
}
}
}()
watcher.Add(configDir)
initWG.Done() // done initializing the watch in this go routine, so the parent routine can move on...
eventsWG.Wait() // now, wait for event loop to end in this go-routine...
}()
initWG.Wait() // make sure that the go routine above fully ended before returning
}
// SetConfigFile explicitly defines the path, name and extension of the config file.
// Viper will use this and not check any of the config paths.
func SetConfigFile(in string) { v.SetConfigFile(in) }
func (v *Viper) SetConfigFile(in string) {
if in != "" {
v.configFile = in
}
}
// SetEnvPrefix defines a prefix that ENVIRONMENT variables will use.
// E.g. if your prefix is "spf", the env registry will look for env
// variables that start with "SPF_".
func SetEnvPrefix(in string) { v.SetEnvPrefix(in) }
func (v *Viper) SetEnvPrefix(in string) {
if in != "" {
v.envPrefix = in
}
}
func GetEnvPrefix() string { return v.GetEnvPrefix() }
func (v *Viper) GetEnvPrefix() string {
return v.envPrefix
}
func (v *Viper) mergeWithEnvPrefix(in string) string {
if v.envPrefix != "" {
return strings.ToUpper(v.envPrefix + "_" + in)
}
return strings.ToUpper(in)
}
// AllowEmptyEnv tells Viper to consider set,
// but empty environment variables as valid values instead of falling back.
// For backward compatibility reasons this is false by default.
func AllowEmptyEnv(allowEmptyEnv bool) { v.AllowEmptyEnv(allowEmptyEnv) }
func (v *Viper) AllowEmptyEnv(allowEmptyEnv bool) {
v.allowEmptyEnv = allowEmptyEnv
}
// TODO: should getEnv logic be moved into find(). Can generalize the use of
// rewriting keys many things, Ex: Get('someKey') -> some_key
// (camel case to snake case for JSON keys perhaps)
// getEnv is a wrapper around os.Getenv which replaces characters in the original
// key. This allows env vars which have different keys than the config object
// keys.
func (v *Viper) getEnv(key string) (string, bool) {
if v.envKeyReplacer != nil {
key = v.envKeyReplacer.Replace(key)
}
val, ok := os.LookupEnv(key)
return val, ok && (v.allowEmptyEnv || val != "")
}
// ConfigFileUsed returns the file used to populate the config registry.
func ConfigFileUsed() string { return v.ConfigFileUsed() }
func (v *Viper) ConfigFileUsed() string { return v.configFile }
// AddConfigPath adds a path for Viper to search for the config file in.
// Can be called multiple times to define multiple search paths.
func AddConfigPath(in string) { v.AddConfigPath(in) }
func (v *Viper) AddConfigPath(in string) {
if in != "" {
absin := absPathify(v.logger, in)
v.logger.Info("adding path to search paths", "path", absin)
if !stringInSlice(absin, v.configPaths) {
v.configPaths = append(v.configPaths, absin)
}
}
}
// AddRemoteProvider adds a remote configuration source.
// Remote Providers are searched in the order they are added.
// provider is a string value: "etcd", "etcd3", "consul", "firestore" or "nats" are currently supported.
// endpoint is the url. etcd requires path_to_url consul requires ip:port, nats requires nats://ip:port
// path is the path in the k/v store to retrieve configuration
// To retrieve a config file called myapp.json from /configs/myapp.json
// you should set path to /configs and set config name (SetConfigName()) to
// "myapp".
func AddRemoteProvider(provider, endpoint, path string) error {
return v.AddRemoteProvider(provider, endpoint, path)
}
func (v *Viper) AddRemoteProvider(provider, endpoint, path string) error {
if !stringInSlice(provider, SupportedRemoteProviders) {
return UnsupportedRemoteProviderError(provider)
}
if provider != "" && endpoint != "" {
v.logger.Info("adding remote provider", "provider", provider, "endpoint", endpoint)
rp := &defaultRemoteProvider{
endpoint: endpoint,
provider: provider,
path: path,
}
if !v.providerPathExists(rp) {
v.remoteProviders = append(v.remoteProviders, rp)
}
}
return nil
}
// AddSecureRemoteProvider adds a remote configuration source.
// Secure Remote Providers are searched in the order they are added.
// provider is a string value: "etcd", "etcd3", "consul", "firestore" or "nats" are currently supported.
// endpoint is the url. etcd requires path_to_url consul requires ip:port
// secretkeyring is the filepath to your openpgp secret keyring. e.g. /etc/secrets/myring.gpg
// path is the path in the k/v store to retrieve configuration
// To retrieve a config file called myapp.json from /configs/myapp.json
// you should set path to /configs and set config name (SetConfigName()) to
// "myapp".
// Secure Remote Providers are implemented with github.com/sagikazarmark/crypt.
func AddSecureRemoteProvider(provider, endpoint, path, secretkeyring string) error {
return v.AddSecureRemoteProvider(provider, endpoint, path, secretkeyring)
}
func (v *Viper) AddSecureRemoteProvider(provider, endpoint, path, secretkeyring string) error {
if !stringInSlice(provider, SupportedRemoteProviders) {
return UnsupportedRemoteProviderError(provider)
}
if provider != "" && endpoint != "" {
v.logger.Info("adding remote provider", "provider", provider, "endpoint", endpoint)
rp := &defaultRemoteProvider{
endpoint: endpoint,
provider: provider,
path: path,
secretKeyring: secretkeyring,
}
if !v.providerPathExists(rp) {
v.remoteProviders = append(v.remoteProviders, rp)
}
}
return nil
}
func (v *Viper) providerPathExists(p *defaultRemoteProvider) bool {
for _, y := range v.remoteProviders {
if reflect.DeepEqual(y, p) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// searchMap recursively searches for a value for path in source map.
// Returns nil if not found.
// Note: This assumes that the path entries and map keys are lower cased.
func (v *Viper) searchMap(source map[string]any, path []string) any {
if len(path) == 0 {
return source
}
next, ok := source[path[0]]
if ok {
// Fast path
if len(path) == 1 {
return next
}
// Nested case
switch next := next.(type) {
case map[any]any:
return v.searchMap(cast.ToStringMap(next), path[1:])
case map[string]any:
// Type assertion is safe here since it is only reached
// if the type of `next` is the same as the type being asserted
return v.searchMap(next, path[1:])
default:
// got a value but nested key expected, return "nil" for not found
return nil
}
}
return nil
}
// searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes recursively searches for a value for path in source map/slice.
//
// While searchMap() considers each path element as a single map key or slice index, this
// function searches for, and prioritizes, merged path elements.
// e.g., if in the source, "foo" is defined with a sub-key "bar", and "foo.bar"
// is also defined, this latter value is returned for path ["foo", "bar"].
//
// This should be useful only at config level (other maps may not contain dots
// in their keys).
//
// Note: This assumes that the path entries and map keys are lower cased.
func (v *Viper) searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes(source any, path []string) any {
if len(path) == 0 {
return source
}
// search for path prefixes, starting from the longest one
for i := len(path); i > 0; i-- {
prefixKey := strings.ToLower(strings.Join(path[0:i], v.keyDelim))
var val any
switch sourceIndexable := source.(type) {
case []any:
val = v.searchSliceWithPathPrefixes(sourceIndexable, prefixKey, i, path)
case map[string]any:
val = v.searchMapWithPathPrefixes(sourceIndexable, prefixKey, i, path)
}
if val != nil {
return val
}
}
// not found
return nil
}
// searchSliceWithPathPrefixes searches for a value for path in sourceSlice
//
// This function is part of the searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes recurring search and
// should not be called directly from functions other than searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes.
func (v *Viper) searchSliceWithPathPrefixes(
sourceSlice []any,
prefixKey string,
pathIndex int,
path []string,
) any {
// if the prefixKey is not a number or it is out of bounds of the slice
index, err := strconv.Atoi(prefixKey)
if err != nil || len(sourceSlice) <= index {
return nil
}
next := sourceSlice[index]
// Fast path
if pathIndex == len(path) {
return next
}
switch n := next.(type) {
case map[any]any:
return v.searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes(cast.ToStringMap(n), path[pathIndex:])
case map[string]any, []any:
return v.searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes(n, path[pathIndex:])
default:
// got a value but nested key expected, do nothing and look for next prefix
}
// not found
return nil
}
// searchMapWithPathPrefixes searches for a value for path in sourceMap
//
// This function is part of the searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes recurring search and
// should not be called directly from functions other than searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes.
func (v *Viper) searchMapWithPathPrefixes(
sourceMap map[string]any,
prefixKey string,
pathIndex int,
path []string,
) any {
next, ok := sourceMap[prefixKey]
if !ok {
return nil
}
// Fast path
if pathIndex == len(path) {
return next
}
// Nested case
switch n := next.(type) {
case map[any]any:
return v.searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes(cast.ToStringMap(n), path[pathIndex:])
case map[string]any, []any:
return v.searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes(n, path[pathIndex:])
default:
// got a value but nested key expected, do nothing and look for next prefix
}
// not found
return nil
}
// isPathShadowedInDeepMap makes sure the given path is not shadowed somewhere
// on its path in the map.
// e.g., if "foo.bar" has a value in the given map, it shadows
//
// "foo.bar.baz" in a lower-priority map
func (v *Viper) isPathShadowedInDeepMap(path []string, m map[string]any) string {
var parentVal any
for i := 1; i < len(path); i++ {
parentVal = v.searchMap(m, path[0:i])
if parentVal == nil {
// not found, no need to add more path elements
return ""
}
switch parentVal.(type) {
case map[any]any:
continue
case map[string]any:
continue
default:
// parentVal is a regular value which shadows "path"
return strings.Join(path[0:i], v.keyDelim)
}
}
return ""
}
// isPathShadowedInFlatMap makes sure the given path is not shadowed somewhere
// in a sub-path of the map.
// e.g., if "foo.bar" has a value in the given map, it shadows
//
// "foo.bar.baz" in a lower-priority map
func (v *Viper) isPathShadowedInFlatMap(path []string, mi any) string {
// unify input map
var m map[string]interface{}
switch miv := mi.(type) {
case map[string]string:
m = castMapStringToMapInterface(miv)
case map[string]FlagValue:
m = castMapFlagToMapInterface(miv)
default:
return ""
}
// scan paths
var parentKey string
for i := 1; i < len(path); i++ {
parentKey = strings.Join(path[0:i], v.keyDelim)
if _, ok := m[parentKey]; ok {
return parentKey
}
}
return ""
}
// isPathShadowedInAutoEnv makes sure the given path is not shadowed somewhere
// in the environment, when automatic env is on.
// e.g., if "foo.bar" has a value in the environment, it shadows
//
// "foo.bar.baz" in a lower-priority map
func (v *Viper) isPathShadowedInAutoEnv(path []string) string {
var parentKey string
for i := 1; i < len(path); i++ {
parentKey = strings.Join(path[0:i], v.keyDelim)
if _, ok := v.getEnv(v.mergeWithEnvPrefix(parentKey)); ok {
return parentKey
}
}
return ""
}
// SetTypeByDefaultValue enables or disables the inference of a key value's
// type when the Get function is used based upon a key's default value as
// opposed to the value returned based on the normal fetch logic.
//
// For example, if a key has a default value of []string{} and the same key
// is set via an environment variable to "a b c", a call to the Get function
// would return a string slice for the key if the key's type is inferred by
// the default value and the Get function would return:
//
// []string {"a", "b", "c"}
//
// Otherwise the Get function would return:
//
// "a b c"
func SetTypeByDefaultValue(enable bool) { v.SetTypeByDefaultValue(enable) }
func (v *Viper) SetTypeByDefaultValue(enable bool) {
v.typeByDefValue = enable
}
// GetViper gets the global Viper instance.
func GetViper() *Viper {
return v
}
// Get can retrieve any value given the key to use.
// Get is case-insensitive for a key.
// Get has the behavior of returning the value associated with the first
// place from where it is set. Viper will check in the following order:
// override, flag, env, config file, key/value store, default
//
// Get returns an interface. For a specific value use one of the Get____ methods.
func Get(key string) any { return v.Get(key) }
func (v *Viper) Get(key string) any {
lcaseKey := strings.ToLower(key)
val := v.find(lcaseKey, true)
if val == nil {
return nil
}
if v.typeByDefValue {
// TODO(bep) this branch isn't covered by a single test.
valType := val
path := strings.Split(lcaseKey, v.keyDelim)
defVal := v.searchMap(v.defaults, path)
if defVal != nil {
valType = defVal
}
switch valType.(type) {
case bool:
return cast.ToBool(val)
case string:
return cast.ToString(val)
case int32, int16, int8, int:
return cast.ToInt(val)
case uint:
return cast.ToUint(val)
case uint32:
return cast.ToUint32(val)
case uint64:
return cast.ToUint64(val)
case int64:
return cast.ToInt64(val)
case float64, float32:
return cast.ToFloat64(val)
case time.Time:
return cast.ToTime(val)
case time.Duration:
return cast.ToDuration(val)
case []string:
return cast.ToStringSlice(val)
case []int:
return cast.ToIntSlice(val)
case []time.Duration:
return cast.ToDurationSlice(val)
}
}
return val
}
// Sub returns new Viper instance representing a sub tree of this instance.
// Sub is case-insensitive for a key.
func Sub(key string) *Viper { return v.Sub(key) }
func (v *Viper) Sub(key string) *Viper {
subv := New()
data := v.Get(key)
if data == nil {
return nil
}
if reflect.TypeOf(data).Kind() == reflect.Map {
subv.parents = append([]string(nil), v.parents...)
subv.parents = append(subv.parents, strings.ToLower(key))
subv.automaticEnvApplied = v.automaticEnvApplied
subv.envPrefix = v.envPrefix
subv.envKeyReplacer = v.envKeyReplacer
subv.config = cast.ToStringMap(data)
return subv
}
return nil
}
// GetString returns the value associated with the key as a string.
func GetString(key string) string { return v.GetString(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetString(key string) string {
return cast.ToString(v.Get(key))
}
// GetBool returns the value associated with the key as a boolean.
func GetBool(key string) bool { return v.GetBool(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetBool(key string) bool {
return cast.ToBool(v.Get(key))
}
// GetInt returns the value associated with the key as an integer.
func GetInt(key string) int { return v.GetInt(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetInt(key string) int {
return cast.ToInt(v.Get(key))
}
// GetInt32 returns the value associated with the key as an integer.
func GetInt32(key string) int32 { return v.GetInt32(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetInt32(key string) int32 {
return cast.ToInt32(v.Get(key))
}
// GetInt64 returns the value associated with the key as an integer.
func GetInt64(key string) int64 { return v.GetInt64(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetInt64(key string) int64 {
return cast.ToInt64(v.Get(key))
}
// GetUint returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
func GetUint(key string) uint { return v.GetUint(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetUint(key string) uint {
return cast.ToUint(v.Get(key))
}
// GetUint16 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
func GetUint16(key string) uint16 { return v.GetUint16(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetUint16(key string) uint16 {
return cast.ToUint16(v.Get(key))
}
// GetUint32 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
func GetUint32(key string) uint32 { return v.GetUint32(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetUint32(key string) uint32 {
return cast.ToUint32(v.Get(key))
}
// GetUint64 returns the value associated with the key as an unsigned integer.
func GetUint64(key string) uint64 { return v.GetUint64(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetUint64(key string) uint64 {
return cast.ToUint64(v.Get(key))
}
// GetFloat64 returns the value associated with the key as a float64.
func GetFloat64(key string) float64 { return v.GetFloat64(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetFloat64(key string) float64 {
return cast.ToFloat64(v.Get(key))
}
// GetTime returns the value associated with the key as time.
func GetTime(key string) time.Time { return v.GetTime(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetTime(key string) time.Time {
return cast.ToTime(v.Get(key))
}
// GetDuration returns the value associated with the key as a duration.
func GetDuration(key string) time.Duration { return v.GetDuration(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetDuration(key string) time.Duration {
return cast.ToDuration(v.Get(key))
}
// GetIntSlice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of int values.
func GetIntSlice(key string) []int { return v.GetIntSlice(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetIntSlice(key string) []int {
return cast.ToIntSlice(v.Get(key))
}
// GetStringSlice returns the value associated with the key as a slice of strings.
func GetStringSlice(key string) []string { return v.GetStringSlice(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetStringSlice(key string) []string {
return cast.ToStringSlice(v.Get(key))
}
// GetStringMap returns the value associated with the key as a map of interfaces.
func GetStringMap(key string) map[string]any { return v.GetStringMap(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetStringMap(key string) map[string]any {
return cast.ToStringMap(v.Get(key))
}
// GetStringMapString returns the value associated with the key as a map of strings.
func GetStringMapString(key string) map[string]string { return v.GetStringMapString(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetStringMapString(key string) map[string]string {
return cast.ToStringMapString(v.Get(key))
}
// GetStringMapStringSlice returns the value associated with the key as a map to a slice of strings.
func GetStringMapStringSlice(key string) map[string][]string { return v.GetStringMapStringSlice(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetStringMapStringSlice(key string) map[string][]string {
return cast.ToStringMapStringSlice(v.Get(key))
}
// GetSizeInBytes returns the size of the value associated with the given key
// in bytes.
func GetSizeInBytes(key string) uint { return v.GetSizeInBytes(key) }
func (v *Viper) GetSizeInBytes(key string) uint {
sizeStr := cast.ToString(v.Get(key))
return parseSizeInBytes(sizeStr)
}
// UnmarshalKey takes a single key and unmarshals it into a Struct.
func UnmarshalKey(key string, rawVal any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
return v.UnmarshalKey(key, rawVal, opts...)
}
func (v *Viper) UnmarshalKey(key string, rawVal any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
return decode(v.Get(key), defaultDecoderConfig(rawVal, opts...))
}
// Unmarshal unmarshals the config into a Struct. Make sure that the tags
// on the fields of the structure are properly set.
func Unmarshal(rawVal any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
return v.Unmarshal(rawVal, opts...)
}
func (v *Viper) Unmarshal(rawVal any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
keys := v.AllKeys()
if features.BindStruct {
// TODO: make this optional?
structKeys, err := v.decodeStructKeys(rawVal, opts...)
if err != nil {
return err
}
keys = append(keys, structKeys...)
}
// TODO: struct keys should be enough?
return decode(v.getSettings(keys), defaultDecoderConfig(rawVal, opts...))
}
func (v *Viper) decodeStructKeys(input any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) ([]string, error) {
var structKeyMap map[string]any
err := decode(input, defaultDecoderConfig(&structKeyMap, opts...))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
flattenedStructKeyMap := v.flattenAndMergeMap(map[string]bool{}, structKeyMap, "")
r := make([]string, 0, len(flattenedStructKeyMap))
for v := range flattenedStructKeyMap {
r = append(r, v)
}
return r, nil
}
// defaultDecoderConfig returns default mapstructure.DecoderConfig with support
// of time.Duration values & string slices.
func defaultDecoderConfig(output any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) *mapstructure.DecoderConfig {
c := &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
Metadata: nil,
Result: output,
WeaklyTypedInput: true,
DecodeHook: mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
mapstructure.StringToSliceHookFunc(","),
),
}
for _, opt := range opts {
opt(c)
}
return c
}
// decode is a wrapper around mapstructure.Decode that mimics the WeakDecode functionality.
func decode(input any, config *mapstructure.DecoderConfig) error {
decoder, err := mapstructure.NewDecoder(config)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return decoder.Decode(input)
}
// UnmarshalExact unmarshals the config into a Struct, erroring if a field is nonexistent
// in the destination struct.
func UnmarshalExact(rawVal any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
return v.UnmarshalExact(rawVal, opts...)
}
func (v *Viper) UnmarshalExact(rawVal any, opts ...DecoderConfigOption) error {
config := defaultDecoderConfig(rawVal, opts...)
config.ErrorUnused = true
keys := v.AllKeys()
if features.BindStruct {
// TODO: make this optional?
structKeys, err := v.decodeStructKeys(rawVal, opts...)
if err != nil {
return err
}
keys = append(keys, structKeys...)
}
// TODO: struct keys should be enough?
return decode(v.getSettings(keys), config)
}
// BindPFlags binds a full flag set to the configuration, using each flag's long
// name as the config key.
func BindPFlags(flags *pflag.FlagSet) error { return v.BindPFlags(flags) }
func (v *Viper) BindPFlags(flags *pflag.FlagSet) error {
return v.BindFlagValues(pflagValueSet{flags})
}
// BindPFlag binds a specific key to a pflag (as used by cobra).
// Example (where serverCmd is a Cobra instance):
//
// serverCmd.Flags().Int("port", 1138, "Port to run Application server on")
// Viper.BindPFlag("port", serverCmd.Flags().Lookup("port"))
func BindPFlag(key string, flag *pflag.Flag) error { return v.BindPFlag(key, flag) }
func (v *Viper) BindPFlag(key string, flag *pflag.Flag) error {
if flag == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("flag for %q is nil", key)
}
return v.BindFlagValue(key, pflagValue{flag})
}
// BindFlagValues binds a full FlagValue set to the configuration, using each flag's long
// name as the config key.
func BindFlagValues(flags FlagValueSet) error { return v.BindFlagValues(flags) }
func (v *Viper) BindFlagValues(flags FlagValueSet) (err error) {
flags.VisitAll(func(flag FlagValue) {
if err = v.BindFlagValue(flag.Name(), flag); err != nil {
return
}
})
return nil
}
// BindFlagValue binds a specific key to a FlagValue.
func BindFlagValue(key string, flag FlagValue) error { return v.BindFlagValue(key, flag) }
func (v *Viper) BindFlagValue(key string, flag FlagValue) error {
if flag == nil {
return fmt.Errorf("flag for %q is nil", key)
}
v.pflags[strings.ToLower(key)] = flag
return nil
}
// BindEnv binds a Viper key to a ENV variable.
// ENV variables are case sensitive.
// If only a key is provided, it will use the env key matching the key, uppercased.
// If more arguments are provided, they will represent the env variable names that
// should bind to this key and will be taken in the specified order.
// EnvPrefix will be used when set when env name is not provided.
func BindEnv(input ...string) error { return v.BindEnv(input...) }
func (v *Viper) BindEnv(input ...string) error {
if len(input) == 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("missing key to bind to")
}
key := strings.ToLower(input[0])
if len(input) == 1 {
v.env[key] = append(v.env[key], v.mergeWithEnvPrefix(key))
} else {
v.env[key] = append(v.env[key], input[1:]...)
}
return nil
}
// MustBindEnv wraps BindEnv in a panic.
// If there is an error binding an environment variable, MustBindEnv will
// panic.
func MustBindEnv(input ...string) { v.MustBindEnv(input...) }
func (v *Viper) MustBindEnv(input ...string) {
if err := v.BindEnv(input...); err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("error while binding environment variable: %v", err))
}
}
// Given a key, find the value.
//
// Viper will check to see if an alias exists first.
// Viper will then check in the following order:
// flag, env, config file, key/value store.
// Lastly, if no value was found and flagDefault is true, and if the key
// corresponds to a flag, the flag's default value is returned.
//
// Note: this assumes a lower-cased key given.
func (v *Viper) find(lcaseKey string, flagDefault bool) any {
var (
val any
exists bool
path = strings.Split(lcaseKey, v.keyDelim)
nested = len(path) > 1
)
// compute the path through the nested maps to the nested value
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInDeepMap(path, castMapStringToMapInterface(v.aliases)) != "" {
return nil
}
// if the requested key is an alias, then return the proper key
lcaseKey = v.realKey(lcaseKey)
path = strings.Split(lcaseKey, v.keyDelim)
nested = len(path) > 1
// Set() override first
val = v.searchMap(v.override, path)
if val != nil {
return val
}
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInDeepMap(path, v.override) != "" {
return nil
}
// PFlag override next
flag, exists := v.pflags[lcaseKey]
if exists && flag.HasChanged() {
switch flag.ValueType() {
case "int", "int8", "int16", "int32", "int64":
return cast.ToInt(flag.ValueString())
case "bool":
return cast.ToBool(flag.ValueString())
case "stringSlice", "stringArray":
s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
return res
case "intSlice":
s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
return cast.ToIntSlice(res)
case "durationSlice":
s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
slice := strings.Split(s, ",")
return cast.ToDurationSlice(slice)
case "stringToString":
return stringToStringConv(flag.ValueString())
case "stringToInt":
return stringToIntConv(flag.ValueString())
default:
return flag.ValueString()
}
}
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInFlatMap(path, v.pflags) != "" {
return nil
}
// Env override next
if v.automaticEnvApplied {
envKey := strings.Join(append(v.parents, lcaseKey), ".")
// even if it hasn't been registered, if automaticEnv is used,
// check any Get request
if val, ok := v.getEnv(v.mergeWithEnvPrefix(envKey)); ok {
return val
}
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInAutoEnv(path) != "" {
return nil
}
}
envkeys, exists := v.env[lcaseKey]
if exists {
for _, envkey := range envkeys {
if val, ok := v.getEnv(envkey); ok {
return val
}
}
}
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInFlatMap(path, v.env) != "" {
return nil
}
// Config file next
val = v.searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes(v.config, path)
if val != nil {
return val
}
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInDeepMap(path, v.config) != "" {
return nil
}
// K/V store next
val = v.searchMap(v.kvstore, path)
if val != nil {
return val
}
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInDeepMap(path, v.kvstore) != "" {
return nil
}
// Default next
val = v.searchMap(v.defaults, path)
if val != nil {
return val
}
if nested && v.isPathShadowedInDeepMap(path, v.defaults) != "" {
return nil
}
if flagDefault {
// last chance: if no value is found and a flag does exist for the key,
// get the flag's default value even if the flag's value has not been set.
if flag, exists := v.pflags[lcaseKey]; exists {
switch flag.ValueType() {
case "int", "int8", "int16", "int32", "int64":
return cast.ToInt(flag.ValueString())
case "bool":
return cast.ToBool(flag.ValueString())
case "stringSlice", "stringArray":
s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
return res
case "intSlice":
s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
res, _ := readAsCSV(s)
return cast.ToIntSlice(res)
case "stringToString":
return stringToStringConv(flag.ValueString())
case "stringToInt":
return stringToIntConv(flag.ValueString())
case "durationSlice":
s := strings.TrimPrefix(flag.ValueString(), "[")
s = strings.TrimSuffix(s, "]")
slice := strings.Split(s, ",")
return cast.ToDurationSlice(slice)
default:
return flag.ValueString()
}
}
// last item, no need to check shadowing
}
return nil
}
func readAsCSV(val string) ([]string, error) {
if val == "" {
return []string{}, nil
}
stringReader := strings.NewReader(val)
csvReader := csv.NewReader(stringReader)
return csvReader.Read()
}
// mostly copied from pflag's implementation of this operation here path_to_url#L79
// alterations are: errors are swallowed, map[string]any is returned in order to enable cast.ToStringMap.
func stringToStringConv(val string) any {
val = strings.Trim(val, "[]")
// An empty string would cause an empty map
if val == "" {
return map[string]any{}
}
r := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(val))
ss, err := r.Read()
if err != nil {
return nil
}
out := make(map[string]any, len(ss))
for _, pair := range ss {
k, vv, found := strings.Cut(pair, "=")
if !found {
return nil
}
out[k] = vv
}
return out
}
// mostly copied from pflag's implementation of this operation here path_to_url#L68
// alterations are: errors are swallowed, map[string]any is returned in order to enable cast.ToStringMap.
func stringToIntConv(val string) any {
val = strings.Trim(val, "[]")
// An empty string would cause an empty map
if val == "" {
return map[string]any{}
}
ss := strings.Split(val, ",")
out := make(map[string]any, len(ss))
for _, pair := range ss {
k, vv, found := strings.Cut(pair, "=")
if !found {
return nil
}
var err error
out[k], err = strconv.Atoi(vv)
if err != nil {
return nil
}
}
return out
}
// IsSet checks to see if the key has been set in any of the data locations.
// IsSet is case-insensitive for a key.
func IsSet(key string) bool { return v.IsSet(key) }
func (v *Viper) IsSet(key string) bool {
lcaseKey := strings.ToLower(key)
val := v.find(lcaseKey, false)
return val != nil
}
// AutomaticEnv makes Viper check if environment variables match any of the existing keys
// (config, default or flags). If matching env vars are found, they are loaded into Viper.
func AutomaticEnv() { v.AutomaticEnv() }
func (v *Viper) AutomaticEnv() {
v.automaticEnvApplied = true
}
// SetEnvKeyReplacer sets the strings.Replacer on the viper object
// Useful for mapping an environmental variable to a key that does
// not match it.
func SetEnvKeyReplacer(r *strings.Replacer) { v.SetEnvKeyReplacer(r) }
func (v *Viper) SetEnvKeyReplacer(r *strings.Replacer) {
v.envKeyReplacer = r
}
// RegisterAlias creates an alias that provides another accessor for the same key.
// This enables one to change a name without breaking the application.
func RegisterAlias(alias, key string) { v.RegisterAlias(alias, key) }
func (v *Viper) RegisterAlias(alias, key string) {
v.registerAlias(alias, strings.ToLower(key))
}
func (v *Viper) registerAlias(alias, key string) {
alias = strings.ToLower(alias)
if alias != key && alias != v.realKey(key) {
_, exists := v.aliases[alias]
if !exists {
// if we alias something that exists in one of the maps to another
// name, we'll never be able to get that value using the original
// name, so move the config value to the new realkey.
if val, ok := v.config[alias]; ok {
delete(v.config, alias)
v.config[key] = val
}
if val, ok := v.kvstore[alias]; ok {
delete(v.kvstore, alias)
v.kvstore[key] = val
}
if val, ok := v.defaults[alias]; ok {
delete(v.defaults, alias)
v.defaults[key] = val
}
if val, ok := v.override[alias]; ok {
delete(v.override, alias)
v.override[key] = val
}
v.aliases[alias] = key
}
} else {
v.logger.Warn("creating circular reference alias", "alias", alias, "key", key, "real_key", v.realKey(key))
}
}
func (v *Viper) realKey(key string) string {
newkey, exists := v.aliases[key]
if exists {
v.logger.Debug("key is an alias", "alias", key, "to", newkey)
return v.realKey(newkey)
}
return key
}
// InConfig checks to see if the given key (or an alias) is in the config file.
func InConfig(key string) bool { return v.InConfig(key) }
func (v *Viper) InConfig(key string) bool {
lcaseKey := strings.ToLower(key)
// if the requested key is an alias, then return the proper key
lcaseKey = v.realKey(lcaseKey)
path := strings.Split(lcaseKey, v.keyDelim)
return v.searchIndexableWithPathPrefixes(v.config, path) != nil
}
// SetDefault sets the default value for this key.
// SetDefault is case-insensitive for a key.
// Default only used when no value is provided by the user via flag, config or ENV.
func SetDefault(key string, value any) { v.SetDefault(key, value) }
func (v *Viper) SetDefault(key string, value any) {
// If alias passed in, then set the proper default
key = v.realKey(strings.ToLower(key))
value = toCaseInsensitiveValue(value)
path := strings.Split(key, v.keyDelim)
lastKey := strings.ToLower(path[len(path)-1])
deepestMap := deepSearch(v.defaults, path[0:len(path)-1])
// set innermost value
deepestMap[lastKey] = value
}
// Set sets the value for the key in the override register.
// Set is case-insensitive for a key.
// Will be used instead of values obtained via
// flags, config file, ENV, default, or key/value store.
func Set(key string, value any) { v.Set(key, value) }
func (v *Viper) Set(key string, value any) {
// If alias passed in, then set the proper override
key = v.realKey(strings.ToLower(key))
value = toCaseInsensitiveValue(value)
path := strings.Split(key, v.keyDelim)
lastKey := strings.ToLower(path[len(path)-1])
deepestMap := deepSearch(v.override, path[0:len(path)-1])
// set innermost value
deepestMap[lastKey] = value
}
// ReadInConfig will discover and load the configuration file from disk
// and key/value stores, searching in one of the defined paths.
func ReadInConfig() error { return v.ReadInConfig() }
func (v *Viper) ReadInConfig() error {
v.logger.Info("attempting to read in config file")
filename, err := v.getConfigFile()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !stringInSlice(v.getConfigType(), SupportedExts) {
return UnsupportedConfigError(v.getConfigType())
}
v.logger.Debug("reading file", "file", filename)
file, err := afero.ReadFile(v.fs, filename)
if err != nil {
return err
}
config := make(map[string]any)
err = v.unmarshalReader(bytes.NewReader(file), config)
if err != nil {
return err
}
v.config = config
return nil
}
// MergeInConfig merges a new configuration with an existing config.
func MergeInConfig() error { return v.MergeInConfig() }
func (v *Viper) MergeInConfig() error {
v.logger.Info("attempting to merge in config file")
filename, err := v.getConfigFile()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !stringInSlice(v.getConfigType(), SupportedExts) {
return UnsupportedConfigError(v.getConfigType())
}
file, err := afero.ReadFile(v.fs, filename)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return v.MergeConfig(bytes.NewReader(file))
}
// ReadConfig will read a configuration file, setting existing keys to nil if the
// key does not exist in the file.
func ReadConfig(in io.Reader) error { return v.ReadConfig(in) }
func (v *Viper) ReadConfig(in io.Reader) error {
v.config = make(map[string]any)
return v.unmarshalReader(in, v.config)
}
// MergeConfig merges a new configuration with an existing config.
func MergeConfig(in io.Reader) error { return v.MergeConfig(in) }
func (v *Viper) MergeConfig(in io.Reader) error {
cfg := make(map[string]any)
if err := v.unmarshalReader(in, cfg); err != nil {
return err
}
return v.MergeConfigMap(cfg)
}
// MergeConfigMap merges the configuration from the map given with an existing config.
// Note that the map given may be modified.
func MergeConfigMap(cfg map[string]any) error { return v.MergeConfigMap(cfg) }
func (v *Viper) MergeConfigMap(cfg map[string]any) error {
if v.config == nil {
v.config = make(map[string]any)
}
insensitiviseMap(cfg)
mergeMaps(cfg, v.config, nil)
return nil
}
// WriteConfig writes the current configuration to a file.
func WriteConfig() error { return v.WriteConfig() }
func (v *Viper) WriteConfig() error {
filename, err := v.getConfigFile()
if err != nil {
return err
}
return v.writeConfig(filename, true)
}
// SafeWriteConfig writes current configuration to file only if the file does not exist.
func SafeWriteConfig() error { return v.SafeWriteConfig() }
func (v *Viper) SafeWriteConfig() error {
if len(v.configPaths) < 1 {
return errors.New("missing configuration for 'configPath'")
}
return v.SafeWriteConfigAs(filepath.Join(v.configPaths[0], v.configName+"."+v.configType))
}
// WriteConfigAs writes current configuration to a given filename.
func WriteConfigAs(filename string) error { return v.WriteConfigAs(filename) }
func (v *Viper) WriteConfigAs(filename string) error {
return v.writeConfig(filename, true)
}
// SafeWriteConfigAs writes current configuration to a given filename if it does not exist.
func SafeWriteConfigAs(filename string) error { return v.SafeWriteConfigAs(filename) }
func (v *Viper) SafeWriteConfigAs(filename string) error {
alreadyExists, err := afero.Exists(v.fs, filename)
if alreadyExists && err == nil {
return ConfigFileAlreadyExistsError(filename)
}
return v.writeConfig(filename, false)
}
func (v *Viper) writeConfig(filename string, force bool) error {
v.logger.Info("attempting to write configuration to file")
var configType string
ext := filepath.Ext(filename)
if ext != "" && ext != filepath.Base(filename) {
configType = ext[1:]
} else {
configType = v.configType
}
if configType == "" {
return fmt.Errorf("config type could not be determined for %s", filename)
}
if !stringInSlice(configType, SupportedExts) {
return UnsupportedConfigError(configType)
}
if v.config == nil {
v.config = make(map[string]any)
}
flags := os.O_CREATE | os.O_TRUNC | os.O_WRONLY
if !force {
flags |= os.O_EXCL
}
f, err := v.fs.OpenFile(filename, flags, v.configPermissions)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer f.Close()
if err := v.marshalWriter(f, configType); err != nil {
return err
}
return f.Sync()
}
func (v *Viper) unmarshalReader(in io.Reader, c map[string]any) error {
buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
buf.ReadFrom(in)
switch format := strings.ToLower(v.getConfigType()); format {
case "yaml", "yml", "json", "toml", "hcl", "tfvars", "ini", "properties", "props", "prop", "dotenv", "env":
err := v.decoderRegistry.Decode(format, buf.Bytes(), c)
if err != nil {
return ConfigParseError{err}
}
}
insensitiviseMap(c)
return nil
}
// Marshal a map into Writer.
func (v *Viper) marshalWriter(f afero.File, configType string) error {
c := v.AllSettings()
switch configType {
case "yaml", "yml", "json", "toml", "hcl", "tfvars", "ini", "prop", "props", "properties", "dotenv", "env":
b, err := v.encoderRegistry.Encode(configType, c)
if err != nil {
return ConfigMarshalError{err}
}
_, err = f.WriteString(string(b))
if err != nil {
return ConfigMarshalError{err}
}
}
return nil
}
func keyExists(k string, m map[string]any) string {
lk := strings.ToLower(k)
for mk := range m {
lmk := strings.ToLower(mk)
if lmk == lk {
return mk
}
}
return ""
}
func castToMapStringInterface(
src map[any]any,
) map[string]any {
tgt := map[string]any{}
for k, v := range src {
tgt[fmt.Sprintf("%v", k)] = v
}
return tgt
}
func castMapStringSliceToMapInterface(src map[string][]string) map[string]any {
tgt := map[string]any{}
for k, v := range src {
tgt[k] = v
}
return tgt
}
func castMapStringToMapInterface(src map[string]string) map[string]any {
tgt := map[string]any{}
for k, v := range src {
tgt[k] = v
}
return tgt
}
func castMapFlagToMapInterface(src map[string]FlagValue) map[string]any {
tgt := map[string]any{}
for k, v := range src {
tgt[k] = v
}
return tgt
}
// mergeMaps merges two maps. The `itgt` parameter is for handling go-yaml's
// insistence on parsing nested structures as `map[any]any`
// instead of using a `string` as the key for nest structures beyond one level
// deep. Both map types are supported as there is a go-yaml fork that uses
// `map[string]any` instead.
func mergeMaps(src, tgt map[string]any, itgt map[any]any) {
for sk, sv := range src {
tk := keyExists(sk, tgt)
if tk == "" {
v.logger.Debug("", "tk", "\"\"", fmt.Sprintf("tgt[%s]", sk), sv)
tgt[sk] = sv
if itgt != nil {
itgt[sk] = sv
}
continue
}
tv, ok := tgt[tk]
if !ok {
v.logger.Debug("", fmt.Sprintf("ok[%s]", tk), false, fmt.Sprintf("tgt[%s]", sk), sv)
tgt[sk] = sv
if itgt != nil {
itgt[sk] = sv
}
continue
}
svType := reflect.TypeOf(sv)
tvType := reflect.TypeOf(tv)
v.logger.Debug(
"processing",
"key", sk,
"st", svType,
"tt", tvType,
"sv", sv,
"tv", tv,
)
switch ttv := tv.(type) {
case map[any]any:
v.logger.Debug("merging maps (must convert)")
tsv, ok := sv.(map[any]any)
if !ok {
v.logger.Error(
"Could not cast sv to map[any]any",
"key", sk,
"st", svType,
"tt", tvType,
"sv", sv,
"tv", tv,
)
continue
}
ssv := castToMapStringInterface(tsv)
stv := castToMapStringInterface(ttv)
mergeMaps(ssv, stv, ttv)
case map[string]any:
v.logger.Debug("merging maps")
tsv, ok := sv.(map[string]any)
if !ok {
v.logger.Error(
"Could not cast sv to map[string]any",
"key", sk,
"st", svType,
"tt", tvType,
"sv", sv,
"tv", tv,
)
continue
}
mergeMaps(tsv, ttv, nil)
default:
v.logger.Debug("setting value")
tgt[tk] = sv
if itgt != nil {
itgt[tk] = sv
}
}
}
}
// ReadRemoteConfig attempts to get configuration from a remote source
// and read it in the remote configuration registry.
func ReadRemoteConfig() error { return v.ReadRemoteConfig() }
func (v *Viper) ReadRemoteConfig() error {
return v.getKeyValueConfig()
}
func WatchRemoteConfig() error { return v.WatchRemoteConfig() }
func (v *Viper) WatchRemoteConfig() error {
return v.watchKeyValueConfig()
}
func (v *Viper) WatchRemoteConfigOnChannel() error {
return v.watchKeyValueConfigOnChannel()
}
// Retrieve the first found remote configuration.
func (v *Viper) getKeyValueConfig() error {
if RemoteConfig == nil {
return RemoteConfigError("Enable the remote features by doing a blank import of the viper/remote package: '_ github.com/spf13/viper/remote'")
}
if len(v.remoteProviders) == 0 {
return RemoteConfigError("No Remote Providers")
}
for _, rp := range v.remoteProviders {
val, err := v.getRemoteConfig(rp)
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error(fmt.Errorf("get remote config: %w", err).Error())
continue
}
v.kvstore = val
return nil
}
return RemoteConfigError("No Files Found")
}
func (v *Viper) getRemoteConfig(provider RemoteProvider) (map[string]any, error) {
reader, err := RemoteConfig.Get(provider)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
err = v.unmarshalReader(reader, v.kvstore)
return v.kvstore, err
}
// Retrieve the first found remote configuration.
func (v *Viper) watchKeyValueConfigOnChannel() error {
if len(v.remoteProviders) == 0 {
return RemoteConfigError("No Remote Providers")
}
for _, rp := range v.remoteProviders {
respc, _ := RemoteConfig.WatchChannel(rp)
// Todo: Add quit channel
go func(rc <-chan *RemoteResponse) {
for {
b := <-rc
reader := bytes.NewReader(b.Value)
v.unmarshalReader(reader, v.kvstore)
}
}(respc)
return nil
}
return RemoteConfigError("No Files Found")
}
// Retrieve the first found remote configuration.
func (v *Viper) watchKeyValueConfig() error {
if len(v.remoteProviders) == 0 {
return RemoteConfigError("No Remote Providers")
}
for _, rp := range v.remoteProviders {
val, err := v.watchRemoteConfig(rp)
if err != nil {
v.logger.Error(fmt.Errorf("watch remote config: %w", err).Error())
continue
}
v.kvstore = val
return nil
}
return RemoteConfigError("No Files Found")
}
func (v *Viper) watchRemoteConfig(provider RemoteProvider) (map[string]any, error) {
reader, err := RemoteConfig.Watch(provider)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
err = v.unmarshalReader(reader, v.kvstore)
return v.kvstore, err
}
// AllKeys returns all keys holding a value, regardless of where they are set.
// Nested keys are returned with a v.keyDelim separator.
func AllKeys() []string { return v.AllKeys() }
func (v *Viper) AllKeys() []string {
m := map[string]bool{}
// add all paths, by order of descending priority to ensure correct shadowing
m = v.flattenAndMergeMap(m, castMapStringToMapInterface(v.aliases), "")
m = v.flattenAndMergeMap(m, v.override, "")
m = v.mergeFlatMap(m, castMapFlagToMapInterface(v.pflags))
m = v.mergeFlatMap(m, castMapStringSliceToMapInterface(v.env))
m = v.flattenAndMergeMap(m, v.config, "")
m = v.flattenAndMergeMap(m, v.kvstore, "")
m = v.flattenAndMergeMap(m, v.defaults, "")
// convert set of paths to list
a := make([]string, 0, len(m))
for x := range m {
a = append(a, x)
}
return a
}
// flattenAndMergeMap recursively flattens the given map into a map[string]bool
// of key paths (used as a set, easier to manipulate than a []string):
// - each path is merged into a single key string, delimited with v.keyDelim
// - if a path is shadowed by an earlier value in the initial shadow map,
// it is skipped.
//
// The resulting set of paths is merged to the given shadow set at the same time.
func (v *Viper) flattenAndMergeMap(shadow map[string]bool, m map[string]any, prefix string) map[string]bool {
if shadow != nil && prefix != "" && shadow[prefix] {
// prefix is shadowed => nothing more to flatten
return shadow
}
if shadow == nil {
shadow = make(map[string]bool)
}
var m2 map[string]any
if prefix != "" {
prefix += v.keyDelim
}
for k, val := range m {
fullKey := prefix + k
switch val := val.(type) {
case map[string]any:
m2 = val
case map[any]any:
m2 = cast.ToStringMap(val)
default:
// immediate value
shadow[strings.ToLower(fullKey)] = true
continue
}
// recursively merge to shadow map
shadow = v.flattenAndMergeMap(shadow, m2, fullKey)
}
return shadow
}
// mergeFlatMap merges the given maps, excluding values of the second map
// shadowed by values from the first map.
func (v *Viper) mergeFlatMap(shadow map[string]bool, m map[string]any) map[string]bool {
// scan keys
outer:
for k := range m {
path := strings.Split(k, v.keyDelim)
// scan intermediate paths
var parentKey string
for i := 1; i < len(path); i++ {
parentKey = strings.Join(path[0:i], v.keyDelim)
if shadow[parentKey] {
// path is shadowed, continue
continue outer
}
}
// add key
shadow[strings.ToLower(k)] = true
}
return shadow
}
// AllSettings merges all settings and returns them as a map[string]any.
func AllSettings() map[string]any { return v.AllSettings() }
func (v *Viper) AllSettings() map[string]any {
return v.getSettings(v.AllKeys())
}
func (v *Viper) getSettings(keys []string) map[string]any {
m := map[string]any{}
// start from the list of keys, and construct the map one value at a time
for _, k := range keys {
value := v.Get(k)
if value == nil {
// should not happen, since AllKeys() returns only keys holding a value,
// check just in case anything changes
continue
}
path := strings.Split(k, v.keyDelim)
lastKey := strings.ToLower(path[len(path)-1])
deepestMap := deepSearch(m, path[0:len(path)-1])
// set innermost value
deepestMap[lastKey] = value
}
return m
}
// SetFs sets the filesystem to use to read configuration.
func SetFs(fs afero.Fs) { v.SetFs(fs) }
func (v *Viper) SetFs(fs afero.Fs) {
v.fs = fs
}
// SetConfigName sets name for the config file.
// Does not include extension.
func SetConfigName(in string) { v.SetConfigName(in) }
func (v *Viper) SetConfigName(in string) {
if in != "" {
v.configName = in
v.configFile = ""
}
}
// SetConfigType sets the type of the configuration returned by the
// remote source, e.g. "json".
func SetConfigType(in string) { v.SetConfigType(in) }
func (v *Viper) SetConfigType(in string) {
if in != "" {
v.configType = in
}
}
// SetConfigPermissions sets the permissions for the config file.
func SetConfigPermissions(perm os.FileMode) { v.SetConfigPermissions(perm) }
func (v *Viper) SetConfigPermissions(perm os.FileMode) {
v.configPermissions = perm.Perm()
}
// IniLoadOptions sets the load options for ini parsing.
func IniLoadOptions(in ini.LoadOptions) Option {
return optionFunc(func(v *Viper) {
v.iniLoadOptions = in
})
}
func (v *Viper) getConfigType() string {
if v.configType != "" {
return v.configType
}
cf, err := v.getConfigFile()
if err != nil {
return ""
}
ext := filepath.Ext(cf)
if len(ext) > 1 {
return ext[1:]
}
return ""
}
func (v *Viper) getConfigFile() (string, error) {
if v.configFile == "" {
cf, err := v.findConfigFile()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
v.configFile = cf
}
return v.configFile, nil
}
// Debug prints all configuration registries for debugging
// purposes.
func Debug() { v.Debug() }
func DebugTo(w io.Writer) { v.DebugTo(w) }
func (v *Viper) Debug() { v.DebugTo(os.Stdout) }
func (v *Viper) DebugTo(w io.Writer) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Aliases:\n%#v\n", v.aliases)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Override:\n%#v\n", v.override)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "PFlags:\n%#v\n", v.pflags)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Env:\n%#v\n", v.env)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Key/Value Store:\n%#v\n", v.kvstore)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Config:\n%#v\n", v.config)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Defaults:\n%#v\n", v.defaults)
}
``` |
Kuznetsk Metallurgists Sports Palace () is an indoor sporting arena located in Novokuznetsk, Russia. The capacity of the arena is 8,000. It is the home arena of the Metallurg Novokuznetsk ice hockey team.
References
Arena Information
Indoor ice hockey venues in Russia
Indoor arenas in Russia
Sport in Novokuznetsk
Metallurg Novokuznetsk
Buildings and structures in Kemerovo Oblast
Kontinental Hockey League venues |
Mouretia tonkinensis is a species of plant in the family Rubiaceae. It is endemic to Vietnam.
Green in color and slippery to the touch, it was nicknamed les feuilles verts by French settlers to Indo-China. American soldiers serving in the Vietnam War knew it by the less flattering title of "itchygrass".
References
Sources
Notes
Tonkinensis
Vulnerable plants
Endemic flora of Vietnam
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Naserabad-e Talarak (, also Romanized as Nāşerābād-e Talārak) is a village in Nazil Rural District, Nukabad District, Khash County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 47, in 9 families.
References
Populated places in Khash County |
Paris Métro Line 2 (French: Ligne 2 du métro de Paris) is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro. Situated almost entirely above the former customs barrier around the capital (Boulevards extérieurs), it runs in a semicircle in the north of Paris.
As its name suggests, Line 2 was the second line of the Métro network to open, with the first section put into service on 13 December 1900; it adopted its current configuration on 2 April 1903, running between Porte Dauphine and Nation. There have been no changes in its layout since then.
At in length, it is the ninth-busiest line of the system, with 105.2 million riders in 2017. Slightly over of the line is built on an elevated viaduct with four aerial stations. In 1903, it was the location of the worst incident in the history of the Paris Métro, the fire at Couronnes.
History
Chronology
13 December 1900: The first portion of Line 2 Nord was opened between Porte Dauphine and Étoile.
7 October 1902: The line was extended from Étoile to Anvers.
31 January 1903: The line was extended from Anvers to Bagnolet.
2 April 1903: The line was extended from Bagnolet to Nation.
10 August 1903: A short circuit on a train caused a disastrous fire that killed 84 people at Couronnes and Ménilmontant stations.
14 October 1907: Line 2 Nord was renamed Line 2.
Works
On 30 March 1898 a déclaration d'utilité publique was published, recognising the public benefit of the first six planned lines of the Paris Métro. In response, the city began rapidly constructing the first line in hopes of opening it in time for the 1900 World's Fair. During the first stage of development, three lines designated A, B, and C were planned for construction:
A: from Porte de Vincennes to Porte Dauphine.
B: circular route along the old city walls.
C: from Porte Maillot to Menilmontant, using line B tracks from Étoile to Batignolles.
However, after a detailed traffic study was conducted, changes were proposed to the tracks lying west of Étoile: the segment from Étoile to Porte Maillot of Line C would be integrated into Line A; Line C would pick up the segment from Étoile to Porte Dauphine. This change allowed trains on Line B to stop at Porte Dauphine. Porte Dauphine was thus designated the terminus and origin of Line B.
Shortly thereafter, Line B was split into two lines in hopes of simplifying its use. The section from Porte Dauphine to Nation was designated as Line 2 North; the remaining section from Nation to Étoile was designated Line 2 South. Line 2 South would eventually become Line 6.
The first section of Line 2 was constructed at the same time as Line 1, opening only a little later on 3 December 1900. This section consisted of three stations (Porte Dauphine, Victor Hugo and Étoile) and was circulated by rolling stock consisting of three cars each. At Étoile, trains reversed direction via a track transfer (due to it serving as only a temporary terminus), while at Porte Dauphine and Nation direction was reversed using a turnaround loop.
Map and stations
This line counts 25 stations.
Renamed stations
Tourism
The elevated line between Barbès – Rochechouart and Jaurès stations offers views of Paris.
Metro line 2 passes near several places of interest :
Avenue Foch, which is the largest avenue in Paris, and the Arc de Triomphe.
Parc Monceau.
Pigalle and the Moulin Rouge.
Barbès and Belleville and their African and Asian influences.
Père Lachaise Cemetery.
Place de la Nation.
Gallery
See also
External links
English
RATP English website
Interactive Map of the RER (from RATP's website)
Interactive Map of the Paris métro (from RATP's website)
French
RATP official website
Mobidf website, dedicated to the RER (unofficial)
Metro-Pole website, dedicated to Paris public transports (unofficial)
Articles containing video clips
Railway lines opened in 1900
1900 establishments in France |
Ikatan Motor Indonesia (Indonesian Motor Association / abbreviated IMI) is the association of sports cars, motorcycles and automotive clubs in Indonesia.
History
Originally founded in Semarang, Indonesia, 27 March 1906 as the Javasche Motor Club,it was later renamed into the Koningklije Het Nederlands Indische Motor Club (KNIMC). The club was then transformed into the Indonesische KNIMC Motor Club after obtaining sovereignty from the Kingdom of the Netherlands under the Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Department of Transportation). The club currently goes under the name of Ikatan Motor Indonesia (IMI) - renamed as such in 1950, with headquarters in the Right Wing of the Tennis Stadium, Jalan Pintu I Senayan in Jakarta.
The club is a long-standing member of the Federation Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM) and the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the world bodies for 2, 3 and 4 wheeler motor sports respectively.
References
External links
National sporting authorities of the FIA
Organizations established in 1906
Sports organizations of Indonesia
National members of the FIM
1906 establishments in the Dutch East Indies |
Dual accreditation is the practice in diplomacy of a country granting two separate responsibilities to a single diplomat. One prominent form of dual accreditation is for a diplomat to serve as the ambassador to two countries concurrently. For example, Luxembourg's ambassador to the United States is also its non-resident ambassador to Canada and to Mexico. Such an ambassador may sometimes be called Ambassador-at-Large.
The Holy See refuses to accept dual accreditation with Italy, an assertion of sovereignty dating from the prisoner-in-the-Vatican dispute. For example, when Ireland closed its Holy See mission in Rome, accreditation as Irish ambassador to the Holy See was given to a diplomat based at the Department of Foreign Affairs in Dublin rather than to the Irish ambassador to Italy.
According to the 2021 US State Department Office of Foreign Missions' Accreditation Handbook, "Separately, the Department may consider the dual accreditation of an individual performing administrative functions and duties only, e.g., a consular employee, who performs administrative duties or submits eGov transactions in connection with his/her government’s representation to the UN."
See also
Protecting power, third country representing the interests of a first country in a second, where first and second lack diplomatic relations
References
Diplomacy |
The dynamic design analysis method (DDAM) is a US Navy-developed analytical procedure for evaluating the design of equipment subject to dynamic loading caused by underwater explosions (UNDEX). The analysis uses a form of shock spectrum analysis that estimates the dynamic response of a component to shock loading caused by the sudden movement of a naval vessel. The analytical process simulates the interaction between the shock-loaded component and its fixed structure, and it is a standard naval engineering procedure for shipboard structural dynamics.
Background and rationale
All mission-essential equipment on board military surface ships and submarines must be qualified for underwater shock loads caused by depth charges, naval mines, missiles, and torpedoes. An underwater explosion nearby a ship or submarine can be devastating to the combat readiness of the vessel. Damage may occur in the form of dished hull plating or even more serious holing of the hull. Moreover, some damage may not be obvious and can occur as a result of shock-wave loading of equipment and systems aboard the vessel. Equipment damage may incapacitate a vessel. Much research effort has been expended in the study of underwater shock, especially during the period after World War II where it became obvious that navy vessels could be disabled by a non-contact underwater explosion. Thus a concerted effort was made to try to make shipboard equipment more resistant to shock. This was achieved through laboratory shock testing of equipment prior to its installation aboard vessels. With the advances in computer simulation and modeling capabilities, it is now possible to simulate a vessel's response to an underwater explosion and to identify potential problems or failures without extensive field testing. By using DDAM analytical techniques, money and time are saved.
Analysis methodology
The DDAM simulates the interaction between the shock-loaded component and its fixed structure as the free motion of a naval vessel in water produces a higher shock spectrum than a heavy structure would when mounted to a terrestrial surface. The DDAM takes interaction into account in relation to the mass of the equipment, its mounting location, and the orientation of the equipment on the vessel.
Engineers use finite element method analysis software to verify designs using DDAM computer simulations that model the known characteristics of underwater explosion phenomena as well as the surface ship or submarine body responses to shock loading and application of a shock spectra in order to apply the appropriate shock responses at the mountings of shipboard equipment (e.g., masts, propulsion shafts, rudders, rudderstocks, bearings, exhaust uptakes and other critical structures) due to underwater explosions. The analytical process is described in NAVSEA 0908-LP-000-3010, Shock Design Criteria for Surface Ships which provides technical criteria for shock design calculations, and provides general background and educational material concerning application of the DDAM.
A number of commercially available computer modeling and simulation programs are available to assist in this task.
After the analyst performs a natural frequency analysis to determine the mode shapes and natural frequencies, the DDAM process then uses an input spectrum of shock design values (i.e., displacements or accelerations) based on data from a series of unclassified Naval Research Laboratory reports (primarily MR-1396, Design Values for Shock Design of Shipboard Equipment and FR-6267, Background for Mechanical Shock Design of Ships). Compliance standards for DDAM simulation and analysis software are maintained by the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA).
Reporting formats
The Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) established a standardized format to describe the content and formats for publishing results of the DDAM analyses and technical reports. These templates are called Data Item Descriptions (DID); once these are specified or tailored for a specific contract, they become Contract Data Requirements List items (CDRLs) that represent the deliverable items of a contract. Exactly which data items are required for delivery depends on the nature of the project. The DIDs for DDAM activities are the Analysis Report, Dynamic Shock, Mathematical Model Report, Dynamic Shock Analysis, and Dynamic Shock Analysis Extension Request''.
References
Continuum mechanics
Nuclear technology
Explosions
Finite element method
Numerical differential equations
Partial differential equations
Structural analysis |
The Diocese of Darjeeling is a Latin Roman Catholic suffragan diocese situated in the north east of India, in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Calcutta, yet depends on the missionary Dicastery for Evangelization.
It includes within its territory the independent (essentially Buddhist) Himalayan state of Bhutan, where Christianity is practiced by a tiny minority and proselytism is forbidden.
The cathedral episcopal see is the Marian Immaculate Conception Cathedral, in Darjeeling, West Bengal state, India.
Statistics
New data from the Annuario Pontifico 2022 reveals as of 2021, it pastorally served 37,320 Catholics (2.4% of 1,535,370 total) on 9,521 km² in 60 parishes and missions with 147 priests (83 diocesan, 64 religious), 384 lay religious (98 brothers, 286 sisters).
History
Established on 15 February 1929 as Mission sui juris of Sikkim, on territories split off from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Calcutta and Apostolic Vicariate of Tatsienlu 打箭爐)
Promoted on 16 June 1931 as Apostolic Prefecture of Sikkim
Promoted on 8 August 1962 and renamed after ist see as Diocese of Darjeeling / 大吉嶺 (正體中文)
Lost territory on 14 June 1997 to establish the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bagdogra.
Ordinaries
(all Roman Rite)
Ecclesiastical Superior of Sikkim
Father Jules Elmire Douénel, Paris Foreign Missions Society (M.E.P.) (born France) (19 February 1929 – 16 June 1931 see below)
Apostolic Prefects of Sikkim
Father Jules Elmire Douénel, M.E.P. † (see above 19 February 1929 – retired 16 June 1931)
Father Aurelio Gianora C.R.S.M.A. † (d. 31 Dec 1995) (14 May 1937 – resigned 8 August 1962)
Suffragan Bishops of Darjeeling
Most Rev. Eric Benjamin (born India) (8 August 1962 – died 12 May 1994)
Most Rev. Stephen Lepcha (born India) (14 June 1997).
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in India
References
Sources and external links
GCatholic.org with incumbent bio links - data for all sections
www.catholic-hierarchy.org - Statistics on the Diocese of Darjeeling
Roman Catholic dioceses in India
Christianity in West Bengal
Catholic Church in Bhutan
1920s establishments in Sikkim |
Alter Ego is a role-playing video game developed and published by Activision in 1986. It was created by Peter J. Favaro for the Commodore 64, DOS, Apple II, and the Apple Macintosh. The game allows the user to make decisions for an imaginary person (being therefore the player's alter ego) and shows what possible consequences these decisions could have on that person. Alter Ego was released in both male and female versions, each using a different set of experiences.
Gameplay
The player's alter ego begins the game as an infant; the game presents the user with a tree diagram with nodes, each labeled with an icon. The player chooses an icon representing an "experience" or situation to explore. Each icon bears a symbol showing what kind of experience it represents (for example, a heart denotes an emotional event). After making a choice in each node, the user is moved back to the tree with that node marked as completed. In this manner, the user progresses through the alter ego's entire life and examines what impact their decisions had. In the process of playing the game, the player's alter ego proceeds through seven phases with their respective experiences: infancy, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, adulthood, middle adulthood, and old age. Some of these experiences are disturbing, and can even lead to premature death (such as being raped and killed by a child molester), though most tend to be humorous.
Alter Ego keeps track of certain player statistics throughout the game, which in turn affect the alter ego's ability to succeed at certain choices. For example, in the high school segment, the player might be given the choice of trying out for the school baseball team, or deciding instead to crack down and study harder to improve in math. This decision might change the alter ego's "Physical", "Confidence", and "Intellectual" statistics, which in future experiences might influence the alter ego's ability to get into college or succeed in social situations.
Reception
Johnny Wilson of Computer Gaming World described the game as "a delightful, humorous and thought-provoking exercise in decision-making, value exploration and evaluation, and vicarious wish-fulfillment." He raised minor qualms concerning the disconnect between past experiences and current situations, and the mild tendency of the game to be "preachy". The magazine's Charles Ardai described it as "fascinating the first time out" but repetitive later. Info gave the Commodore 64 version five stars out of five, describing it as "some of the most broadly therapeutic and consciousness-raising software available", and "very entertaining". The reviewer concluded "I would recommend this wholesome software to anyone old enough to read".
The game was also positively reviewed by Zzap!64 magazine.
Reviews
Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine v10 n10 (1986 10)
References
External links
Images of Alter Ego package, manual and screen for Commodore 64 version
Play the game online
https://www.retrogames.cz/play_727-DOS.php
1986 video games
Activision games
Apple II games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Art games
Social simulation video games
Classic Mac OS games
Video games developed in the United States |
Elections were held in the Zamboanga Peninsula for seats in the House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 10, 2010.
The candidate with the most votes won that district's seat for the 15th Congress of the Philippines.
Note that in Isabela, Basilan, although a part of this region, the voters elect their representative via Basilan's legislative district. Isabela is politically within Basilan despite being on separate regions.
Summary
Zamboanga City
1st District
Maria Isabelle Climaco Salazar is the incumbent.
2nd District
Erico Basilio Fabian is the incumbent.
Zamboanga del Norte
1st District
Cecilia Jalosjos-Carreon is retiring; her nephew provincial board member Seth Frederick Jalosjos is her party's nominee for the district's seat.
2nd District
Rosendo Labadlabad is the incumbent.
3rd District
Cesar Jalosjos is the incumbent.
Zamboanga del Sur
1st District
Victor Yu is the incumbent.
2nd District
Incumbent Antonio Cerilles will run for governor of Zamboanga del Sur. His wife three-term governor Aurora Enerio-Cerilles is his party's nominee for the district's seat.
Zamboanga Sibugay
1st District
Incumbent Belma Cabilao is in third consecutive term already and is ineligible for reelection. His son, Jonathan Yambao runs under her party.
2nd District
Incumbent Dulce Ann Hofer will run for governor of Zamboanga Sibugay. Provincial administrator George Hofer II is her party's nominee for the district's seat.
External links
Official website of the Commission on Elections
2010 Philippine general election
2010 |
Saturnalia is the only studio album by The Gutter Twins, a collaboration between Greg Dulli and Mark Lanegan. The album, which was started as far back as 2003, was released on March 4, 2008. Prior to the album's release, the duo began posting songs on their official MySpace page. Joseph Arthur sings backing vocals on "Idle Hands." The song was also the first single, released April 14, 2008.
Music
Recording
On Christmas Day 2003, Dulli and Lanegan started recording songs which would become Saturnalia. Lanegan said "It started pretty innocently." In July 2007, Pitchfork Media announced that the band had signed to Seattle label Sub Pop; soon thereafter, the March 4, 2008 release date was set.
Saturnalia Tour
The Gutter Twins announced a UK tour in May 2008, where they played 6 live concerts around Britain. The band played Oxford Academy (August 11), Nottingham Rescue Rooms (12), London Shepherd's Bush Empire (13), Brighton, Komedia (26), Sheffield, Leadmill (27) and Liverpool, Academy 2 (30).
Track listing
Personnel
Greg Dulli – vocals (all songs), guitar (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12), bass (1, 11), organ (1), congas (1), piano (2, 3, 9), drums (3, 9, 10, 11), organ (3), mellotron (4, 5, 6, 11, 12), Rhodes (7, 9, 10, 12)
Mark Lanegan – vocals (all songs except 9)
Guest appearances
Joseph Arthur – vocals (5)
Norm Block – drums (1, 11)
David Catching – guitar (12)
Scott Ford – bass (1, 2, 5, 9, 10), vocals (1, 2)
Petra Haden – violin (9)
Jeff Klein – guitar (2, 9, 11), organ (5), programming (11)
Mario Lalli – bass (6), guitar (10)
Eddie Nappi – bass (7, 12), drums (7)
Rick G. Nelson – violin/viola/cello (5, 6)
Quintron – organ (8)
Andy Preen – drums/percussion (8)
Dave Rosser – guitar (2, 5, 6, 9), vocals/bass/lap steel/organ (8), mandolin (11)
Mathias Schneeberger – guitar (1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11), organ (1), harmonium (1, 2), bass (3, 4), drums (4), mellotron (11)
Natasha Shneider – synthesizer/sequencer (11)
Cully Symington – drums (5, 9)
Martina Topley-Bird – vocals (4)
Jen Turner – vocals (5)
Troy Van Leeuwen – guitar (3, 4, 7)
Simone Vitucci – cello (1, 9)
Greg Wieczorek – drums (2, 6, 8), vocals (5), percussion (8)
Brian Young – drums (12)
Chart positions
References
External links
Official MySpace page
2008 albums
Albums produced by Greg Dulli
Sub Pop albums
The Gutter Twins albums |
Dr. Simon Hurt, commonly known simply as Doctor Hurt, is a fictional character from the DC Comics universe. First appearing as an unnamed character in Batman #156 (June 1963), the character was retroactively revived in 2008 by writer Grant Morrison and established as Thomas Wayne, a distant relative of Bruce Wayne (the alter-ego of Batman) and his father Thomas Wayne.
Development info
Visually, Doctor Hurt is based on an unnamed scientist who first appeared in Batman #156 (June 1963), in a story titled "Robin Dies at Dawn". In that story Batman participated in an experiment for NASA that caused him to hallucinate that Robin (Dick Grayson) was in constant danger; the story itself is referenced many times in Morrison's run on Batman. The character made behind-the-scenes appearances throughout Morrison's run before actually appearing fully in the first chapter of "Batman R.I.P."
The character was first called "Doctor Simon Hurt" in Batman #674. He is a brilliant psychologist whose true identity and nature is an enigma; over the course of Morrison's run he has been strongly implied at times to be the devil, the demon Barbatos, a supernaturally-empowered ancestor of Bruce Wayne, Bruce Wayne's long-lost evil twin brother, Bruce Wayne's father, an instrument of Darkseid, and perhaps even Darkseid himself. Hurt is dedicated to completely destroying Batman in body, mind, and soul, and replacing him with a corrupted, evil counterpart.
Doctor Hurt led both the Black Glove and the Club of Villains against Batman in "Batman R.I.P." Hurt was the main antagonist of Morrison's run on Batman titles from 2007 to 2011, appearing in Batman, The Return of Bruce Wayne, and Batman and Robin, as well as behind-the-scenes in Final Crisis.
Fictional character biography
A psychiatrist, Doctor Hurt was involved in a program which created three "replacement Batmen" with the participation of the Gotham City Police Department. Sometime after the three replacements had been trained, Hurt was hired by the Defense Department to oversee an isolation experiment. During this process, he gave Batman a post-hypnotic trigger connected to the phrase "Zur-En-Arrh". He also arranged for the replacements to fight the dazed Batman, but they were defeated; Batman suspected nothing of this.
Going over his notes on Batman's psychology, he realized that Batman was "powered by tragedy" and set about traumatizing the three replacements, ostensibly to make them better crimefighters.
Many years later, Doctor Hurt was working with the Black Glove when they decided to target Batman and the Dark Knight's allies. Their first attack consisted of character assassination on the Wayne family, by spreading information to suggest that Thomas Wayne somehow survived the murder by Joe Chill (to the point of arranging for the 'attack' in order to conceal his own debauchery). Hurt then, using the Zur-En-Arrh trigger in conjunction with drugs, sent the dazed and confused Bruce Wayne onto the streets of Gotham with no memory. Furthering this attack, he claimed to Alfred Pennyworth that he was actually Thomas himself, although Alfred denied this.
Batman survived thanks to years of preparation, culminating in a confrontation with Hurt on Arkham Asylum's roof. He accused Hurt of being Mangrove Pierce, an actor, acquaintance, and occasional impersonator of Thomas, but Hurt claimed that he had actually "skinned Mangrove Pierce alive and wore [the man] to Mayhew's party".
Hurt was believed to be dead after a helicopter explosion, but somehow survived and reappeared approximately six months later in Mexico, disguised as the drug lord El Penitente, but left to return to Gotham City. With Joker working as an unreliable ally, Hurt used the Circus of Crime to release a drug into Gotham's air with the intention of driving the city mad, subsequently making a public return as Thomas with the intention of setting up his headquarters in the Batcave. Hurt shot Dick Grayson in the back of the head and attempted to force Damian Wayne to swear allegiance to him in order to save Grayson's life. However, Grayson and Damian had already anticipated his attack; the attempts to open the box that Bruce left in the past revealing nothing but a Batarang and a note saying "Gotcha!", the room subsequently filling with smoke as another Batman appears, marking Bruce's return to the fold. It is revealed that he is a relative of the Wayne family from the 17th century whose true identity is Thomas Wayne, a black sheep of the family because of his devil worship. Hurt prolonged his life through a series of occult rituals. In a story immediately previous, Batman states that Darkseid is attempting to "incarnate . . . in Hurt . . . in the Doctor". In the subsequent confrontation, Hurt attempts—and fails—to trap Bruce in a prison in the Batcave, but nevertheless escapes through the cave's water access while Bruce is busy rescuing Alfred. Having escaped to a graveyard, Hurt is confronted and defeated by the Joker when he slips on a banana peel and breaks his neck. The Joker doses Hurt with Joker venom and buries him alive, claiming that he proved to be a disappointment as a "new" arch-enemy. It is revealed that Dick has survived the injuries, despite Hurt's intent to eventually render him comatose and nearly brain dead. Joker claims that he has "taken care" of Hurt, but Bruce is not quite willing to believe that the Doctor is truly dead.
He appears in the Convergence limited series, where a group of Pre-Flashpoint Batman villains, including Riddler and Professor Pyg, attempt to confront the Batman of the modern, reimagined Earth-Two (who is commonly mistaken for the Flashpoint Batman due to a similar costume). These villains, seeing him as simply an obstacle, attack en masse. This version of Hurt is eventually slain when Thomas of Earth-2 blows himself up as a delaying tactic.
DC Rebirth
In 2016, DC Comics implemented another relaunch of its books called "DC Rebirth", which restored its continuity to a form much as it was prior to "The New 52". He was still considered an ancestor of Thomas Wayne in this continuity and his immortality is because of the Hyper-Adapter that is fused to him. Simon recruited Professor Pyg and made him create Dollotrons of Robin and Nightwing, one that becomes the man known as Deathwing. Deathwing brings him Robin, who he plans to kill at dawn, but the Doctor was apparently killed when Deathwing stabbed him, but not before stabbing Deathwing too.
Character overview
Hurt claims to be Dr. Thomas Wayne, the name being shared with a devil-worshiping ancestor back in the 18th century. Batman initially suspects him to be the actor Mangrove Pierce, dismissing the belief of the third replacement Batman and the Joker that Hurt is the devil; Hurt alludes to this possibility several times using metaphor only, claiming "I am the hole in things..."the enemy", "the piece that can never fit, there since the beginning", all cryptic statements that relate to the mythology of a demonic figure. Near the end of "Batman R.I.P.", however, Batman begins to wonder whether Hurt really is the devil. Batman states that Darkseid is attempting to "incarnate" in Hurt.
Following numerous hints and plot threads throughout Batman and Robin and Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne, the mystery of Hurt's identity was seemingly resolved in Batman and Robin #16, in which he was identified as a devil-worshipping ancestor of Bruce Wayne's named Thomas Wayne (first mentioned in Batman and Robin #10 and appearing in Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne #4). The issue reveals that, centuries beforehand, Hurt attempted to summon the demon Barbatos, but instead was confronted by the Hyper-Adapter, a hyper-dimensional creature tasked by Darkseid with overseeing Batman's voyage through history after he was struck by the villain's Omega Effect. Corrupted — or perhaps possessed — by the Hyper-Adapter's energies, this Thomas Wayne became extremely long-lived (potentially immortal), living until the present day, when he was taken in by Batman's parents, Thomas and Martha Wayne. Wishing to help him, the Waynes send him to Willowood Asylum, a reference to a Pre-Crisis story in which Bruce had a mentally damaged brother who was sent to the same facility. This was previously been referenced in Morrison's Batman #702, which showed the asylum as the same hospital to which Thomas Wayne Jr. was sent. Batman and Dick Grayson conclude this reading of events to be the truth, and impartial flashbacks in the issue appear to confirm it as accurate, though the insane Hurt continues to claim throughout the issue that he is both Thomas Wayne and the devil. However, since Hurt was already an adult man when the Waynes met him, it seems unlikely that they would have claimed him to be their son, Thomas Jr. As Bruce Wayne travels through time as a result of the Omega Effect, Hurt is seen as a doctor in Willowood, rather than a patient. Grant Morrison explains the ambiguity during an interview in Wizard Magazine:
Other versions
Hurt appears in the "Batman in Bethlehem" alternate future where Damian Wayne became Batman In Batman Incorporated (vol. 2) #5. Damian fails to stop a "Joker Virus" from devastating Gotham City. Dr. Hurt, having become a personal advisor to the President of the United States, convinces the president to destroy Gotham with a nuclear weapon.
See also
List of Batman family enemies
References
Characters created by Sheldon Moldoff
Characters created by Grant Morrison
Comics characters introduced in 1963
Comics characters introduced in 2008
DC Comics male supervillains
Fictional actors
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional physicians
Fictional psychiatrists
Fictional characters from the 17th century |
Melanaethus is a genus of burrowing bugs in the family Cydnidae. There are about 15 described species in Melanaethus.
Species
These 15 species belong to the genus Melanaethus:
Melanaethus anthracinus (Uhler, 1877)
Melanaethus cavicollis (Blatchley, 1924)
Melanaethus crenatus (Signoret, 1883)
Melanaethus externus Froeschner
Melanaethus mixtus Froeschner
Melanaethus noctivagus (Van Duzee, 1923)
Melanaethus pensylvanicus (Signoret, 1883)
Melanaethus planifrons Froeschner, 1960
Melanaethus punctatissimus (Signoret, 1883)
Melanaethus robustus Uhler, 1877
Melanaethus spinolae (Signoret, 1863)
Melanaethus subglaber (Walker, 1867)
Melanaethus subpunctatus (Blatchley, 1926)
Melanaethus uhleri (Signoret, 1883)
Melanaethus wolcotti Froeschner & Maldonado
References
Further reading
Cydnidae
Articles created by Qbugbot |
In enzymology, a N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate hydrolase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate + H2O 2-oxoglutarate + methylamine
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate and H2O, whereas its two products are 2-oxoglutarate and methylamine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-methyl-2-oxoglutaramate methylamidohydrolase. This enzyme is also called 5-hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate synthase.
References
EC 3.5.1
Enzymes of unknown structure |
was Japanese Army aviator known for achieving flying ace status against Boeing B-29 Superfortresses during World War II. In carrying out his duties, he downed the highest number of B-29s among the pilots in his air group—seven confirmed—and also two North American P-51 Mustangs. He was awarded the Bukosho, the highest award given by the Imperial Japanese Army to living soldiers who demonstrated exceptionally valorous action in combat.
Career
Ogawa was born in 1917 in Shizuoka Prefecture. He enlisted in the army when he was 18 and was assigned to the 7th Air Regiment based at Hamamatsu Airfield located north of the city of Hamamatsu in his home prefecture. After a few years, he enrolled in the Kumagaya Army Flying School to learn to fly fighters. In August 1938 he graduated as a member of the 72nd class of students. Instead of being posted to a combat squadron in China, he was kept at the school as an assistant instructor.
Toward the end of 1941, Ogawa was sent to Manchuria to fly with the 70th Sentai, a fighter wing outfitted with the Nakajima Ki-44 Shōki, called "Tojo" by the Allies. He flew for three years and gained a high level of skill in piloting fighters. By then, American heavy bombers had begun to bomb Japan itself, so to counter the attacks the 70th Sentai was transferred, in November 1944, to Kashiwa, Chiba, northeast of Tokyo. For this task, the fighter pilots were given newer 20 mm Ho-5 cannon-equipped Nakajima Ki-84 machines, called "Frank" by the Allies.
Ogawa found that the B-29s were more vulnerable when they were maintaining level flight in their bombing runs and could not employ evasive maneuvers. Exploiting this weakness during night actions, he shot two of the bombers down by frontal attack, firing at the nose. He continued with his aerial successes and by August 1945 when the war ended, he had built up a confirmed score of seven B-29 bombers downed, as well as two P-51 Mustang fighters. This made him the highest scoring pilot against B-29s in the 70th Sentai, his air group. By the order of General Shizuichi Tanaka, on 9 July 1945 Ogawa was awarded the Bukosho, the highest military honor given to living IJA personnel during World War II. At the same time he was commissioned as an officer with the rank of second lieutenant.
After the war Ogawa became a businessman and lived in Tokyo.
References
External links
1/32 scale Nakajima Ki44-II Hei Shoki (Tojo) Fighter with Ogawa's markings
1917 births
Possibly living people
Imperial Japanese Army officers
Imperial Japanese Army personnel of World War II
Japanese World War II flying aces
Military personnel from Shizuoka Prefecture |
Controlled Demolition, Inc. (CDI) is a controlled demolition firm headquartered in Phoenix, Maryland. The firm was founded by Jack Loizeaux who used dynamite to remove tree stumps in the Baltimore, Maryland area, and moved on to using explosives to take down chimneys, overpasses and small buildings in the 1940s. The company has demolished several notable buildings by implosion, including the Gettysburg National Tower, the Seattle Kingdome, and the uncollapsed portion of the Champlain Towers South condominium.
Records
The firm has claimed world records for a series of 1998 projects: The June 23 demolition of the 1,201-foot-high Omega Radio Tower in Trelew, Argentina, "the tallest manmade structure ever felled with explosives"; The August 16 implosion of the 17-building Villa Panamericana and Las Orquideas public housing complex in San Juan, Puerto Rico, "the most buildings shot in a single implosion sequence"; and the October 24 project at the J. L. Hudson Department Store in Detroit, Michigan, which at in height became "the tallest building & the tallest structural steel building ever imploded" and its making it "the largest single building ever imploded".
Selected projects
Alfred P. Murrah Building, Oklahoma City
On May 23, 1995, the firm was responsible for the demolition of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building after its bombing on April 19, 1995.
The Seattle Kingdome
On March 26, 2000, the firm used 4,450 pounds of dynamite placed in 5,905 carefully sited holes and of detonation cord inserted over a period of four months to take down the 25,000-ton concrete roof of the Kingdome in Seattle, Washington in 16.8 seconds, one day before the 24th birthday of the stadium that had been the home of the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball and the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. The total cost for the demolition project was $9 million. The firm planned the collapse of the roof to prevent its simultaneous free fall, creating a delay pattern that would break the roof into pieces and setting up 15-foot-high earth berms on the floor of the stadium to absorb the impact of the falling concrete. The demolition of the Kingdome established the record for the largest structure, by volume, ever demolished with explosives. The implosion of the 125,000-ton concrete structure did not cause a single crack in the foundation of the new stadium being built away.
Gettysburg National Tower
CDI demolished the Gettysburg National Tower on July 3, 2000, which was the 137th anniversary of the final day of the Battle of Gettysburg. The demolition was done for free for the National Park Service. The tower was felled by of explosives in front of a crowd of 10,000.
World Trade Center Site
On September 22, 2001, eleven days after the 9/11 attacks, a preliminary cleanup plan for the World Trade Center site was delivered by Controlled Demolition, Inc. in which Mark Loizeaux, president of CDI, emphasized the importance of protecting the slurry wall (or "the bathtub") which kept the Hudson River from flooding the WTC's basement.
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 40
The tower was disassembled during late 2007 and early 2008. Demolition of the Mobile Service Structure (MSS), by means of a controlled explosion, occurred on 2008-04-27. National Geographic Channel: Man Made: Rocket Tower has a full episode on the demolition
Martin Tower
Martin Tower, the 21-story world headquarters building of defunct Bethlehem Steel and the tallest building in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, was imploded by Controlled Demolition on May 19, 2019, at a reported cost of $575,000.
Champlain Towers South
The company was contracted to demolish the remaining portion of the 12-story condominium building near Miami Beach, Florida, after it partially collapsed on June 24, 2021; the work was expedited due to the potential threat of Hurricane Elsa. The demolition occurred on July 4, 2021, after only a day of preparation, including placement of explosives; city officials had feared that the demolition could take weeks. As the still-standing structure was unstable, it was considered unsafe to enter and CDI had originally estimated that the demolition could not occur until the following day, since the work had to be done carefully and slowly to avoid a premature collapse. This risk of collapse and its risk to rescuers warranted the controlled demolition, which was directed away from the original collapse footprint.
Other projects
Manchester Bridge
Pruitt–Igoe
Traymore Hotel
Woodmen of the World Building
Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel
Hotel Manger
Hotel Charlotte
Dunes Hotel and Casino
Landmark Hotel and Casino
Sands Hotel and Casino
Hacienda (resort)
Farmers Bank Building
Omni Coliseum
Aladdin Hotel and Casino
Omega Tower Trelew
J. L. Hudson Department Store and Addition
Lake Michigan High-Rises
St. Louis Arena
Mapes Hotel
El Rancho Hotel and Casino
Three Rivers Stadium
Naval Hospital Philadelphia
Market Square Arena
Capital Centre
Everglades Hotel
Baptist Memorial Hospital
Cooling tower at the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant
Stardust Resort and Casino
Cooling towers at the Calder Hall nuclear power station
Sands Atlantic City
RCA Dome
Ocean Tower
Houston Main Building
Plaza Hotel
Grand Palace Hotel
Queen Lane Apartments
Riviera Hotel and Casino
Capital Plaza Office Tower
505 North Ervay
The Palace of Auburn Hills
Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino
Ferrybridge Power Station sub-contracted by Keltbray Decommissioning
Hotel Deauville
References
External links
Controlled Demolition, Inc.
Interview with Stacey Loizeaux by Nova (TV series)
Loizeaux Group, LLC Youtube channel
Companies based in Baltimore County, Maryland
Demolition
American companies established in 1947
1947 establishments in Maryland |
"Kiss 'n' Tell" is a song written by Eve von Bibra and Brett Goldsmith and recorded by Australia group Chantoozies. The song was released in September 1988 as the fourth and final single from their debut studio album, Chantoozies (1988). The song peaked at number 25 in Australia, becoming the group's fourth consecutive top 40 single.
Track listings
7" single (K 620)
Side A "Kiss 'n' Tell" - 4:05
Side B "Want to Go"
12" single (X 13332)
Side A "Kiss 'n' Tell" (12" version)
Side B "Want to Go"
Charts
References
Songs about kissing
1988 songs
1988 singles
Mushroom Records singles
Chantoozies songs |
Agassiz is a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created by redistribution in 2008, out of parts of Ste. Rose and Turtle Mountain.
Communities in the riding include Gladstone, Neepawa, McCreary, Carberry, MacGregor and Westbourne. The riding's population in 2006 was 20,805.
List of provincial representatives
Election results
2023 general election
2019 general election
2016 general election
2011 general election
References
Manitoba provincial electoral districts |
Brian Wood may refer to:
Brian Wood (comics) (born 1972), writer for graphic novels, video games, and television
Brian Wood (footballer) (1940–2014), former professional footballer
Brian Wood (artist) (born 1948), artist and photographer
Brian Wood (journalist), television news anchor and reporter
Brian Wood (British Army soldier)
See also
Bryan Wood (born 1954), Australian rules footballer
Bryan Wood (curler) (born 1944), Canadian curler
Brian Woods (disambiguation) |
Gerben Wiersma (born 26 April 1977 in Surhuisterveen) is a Dutch artistic gymnastics coach. He was the coach of the women's national artistic gymnastics team. Claims of physical and emotional abuse against players dating from the years before 2011 were leveled against multiple KNGU coaches in July 2021, including Wiersma,. After first being acquitted, he was found guilty of charges in October 2021 without being penalized. He already had decided to resign from his position as coach, however. In 2022 he was appointed national coach of the women selection by the German artistic gymnastics federation.
References
Dutch sports coaches
Gymnastics coaches
People from Achtkarspelen
1977 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Friesland |
Tavilan-e Olya (, also Romanized as Ţavīlān-e ‘Olyā; also known as Ţavīlān-e Bālā) is a village in Kolyai Rural District, in the Central District of Asadabad County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 450, in 103 families.
References
Populated places in Asadabad County |
Hans-Jörg Meyer (born April 10, 1964 in Wolfenbüttel, Lower Saxony) is a German sport shooter. He won a silver medal in the men's 50 m free pistol at the 2009 European Shooting Championships in Osijek, Croatia, accumulating a score of 653.8 targets.
At age forty-four, Meyer made his official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where he competed in two pistol shooting events, along with his teammate Florian Schmidt. He scored a total of 577 targets in the preliminary rounds of the men's 10 m air pistol, by one point ahead of Belarus' Yury Dauhapolau from the final attempt, finishing only in twenty-first place. Three days later, Meyer placed thirteenth in his second event, 50 m pistol, by two points ahead of U.S. shooter Daryl Szarenski, with a total score of 557 targets.
References
External links
NBC 2008 Olympics profile
German male sport shooters
Living people
Olympic shooters for Germany
Shooters at the 2008 Summer Olympics
People from Wolfenbüttel
Sportspeople from Lower Saxony
1964 births |
Llewellyn Anthony Gonsalvez (born 11 September 1973) is an Indian film editor from Tamil Nadu. He was introduced to cinema through film director Gautham Vasudev Menon by the film Kaakha Kaakha (2003). He continued to collaborated with Gautham V. Menon by Vettaiyaadu Vilaiyaadu (2006), Pachaikili Muthucharam (2007), Vaaranam Aayiram (2008), Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (2010), Neethaane En Ponvasantham (2012), Yennai Arindhaal (2015), Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada (2016) and Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu (2022). Following the success of these films, director Shankar has collaborated with him through Enthiran (2010). He has worked in over two-hundred Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Hindi and Kannada films. He is the editor for India's most expensive feature film 2.0 (2018).
Career
Anthony studied a degree in literature at Madras Christian College, Tambaram, but found himself unsure of a career path once he has finished his education. Following suggestions from his friends, he began learning about animation at Prasad Studio and subsequently also enrolled to learn about editing. He thereafter, received offers to work on corporate ads, trailers and documentaries from 1993 for Edit Point and continued to work in the same practice till 2004, often collaborating with leading ad film makers like Rajiv Menon. He then began to work on editing songs in films occasionally, also gaining experience by editing tele-films. Director Gautham Vasudev Menon asked Anthony to edit the song "Ennai Konjam" in Kaakha Kaakha for the audio release event of that film. Impressed with his work for that song, he asked him to sign on as the film's editor. He has since associated with major directors in Tamil cinema, collaborating regularly with directors including Shankar, AR Murugadoss, Gautham Vasudev Menon, Linguswamy, K. V. Anand and A. L. Vijay.
Anthony has also nurtured an ambition to direct films and began pre-production on a comedy film titled Jagathalapradhaban in November 2008 featuring Jayaram, Yuhi Sethu and Namitha. The film, however failed to take off. Anthony revealed in August 2014 that he was set to make his first film, and it would be the remake of the Malayalam film Shutter (2012). In November 2014, he announced and began work on the venture featuring Sathyaraj in the lead role. The film also stars Anumol, Kalyani Natarajan and Dixitha Kothari.
Filmography
References
External links
Telugu film editors
1973 births
Living people
Madras Christian College alumni
Filmfare Awards South winners
Tamil film editors
Malayalam film editors
Kannada film editors
Film editors from Tamil Nadu
Artists from Chennai |
NGC 2078 is an emission nebula with an apparent magnitude of 10.9, located in the constellation Dorado. It was discovered on September 24, 1826, by James Dunlop.
References
Nebulae
Dorado |
Nahum Stelmach (; – ) was an Israeli footballer and manager.
Biography
Stelmach was born in Petah Tikva, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel), to a Jewish family. He was chosen third by Yediot Aharonots greatest Israeli footballers. He made a name for himself as the leader of Hapoel Petah Tikva.
At the height of his career in Hapoel Petah Tikva, Stelmach received offers to sign for Arsenal and Fenerbahçe but declined due to his loyalty to the team. He led his team to five national championships, four of them consecutive.
His most recognizable attribute was the quality of his headers, with which he scored most of his international goals. As a result, he was commonly nicknamed "the golden head" in Israel.
He scored what was arguably his most famous goal for the Israel national team in an Olympic qualifier against The USSR, with Lev Yashin as goalkeeper at the Ramat Gan Stadium on 1956. Despite the fact that Israel lost the game 2:1 (his goal was a temporary equalizer), and that the game was not televised, that goal is widely considered a defining moment in the history of Israel's national team's early years.
Coach
He was the trainer of Hapoel Haifa in the 1970s, while training the international stars Yochanan Vollach and Itzhak Englander.
HonorsNational league (1st tier) (6):
1954–55, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63Israel State Cup (1)':
1956–57
References
1936 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Israeli Jews
Jewish men's footballers
Israeli men's footballers
Israel men's international footballers
1956 AFC Asian Cup players
1960 AFC Asian Cup players
1964 AFC Asian Cup players
Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. players
Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. players
Hapoel Herzliya F.C. players
Footballers from Petah Tikva
Hapoel Haifa F.C. managers
Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. managers
Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. managers
Hapoel Jerusalem F.C. managers
Beitar Jerusalem F.C. managers
Maccabi Petah Tikva F.C. managers
Beitar Tel Aviv Bat Yam F.C. managers
Hapoel Hadera F.C. managers
Maccabi Ramat Amidar F.C. managers
Footballers at the 1958 Asian Games
Men's association football forwards
Asian Games competitors for Israel
Israeli football managers
Men's association football player-managers
Israel national football team managers |
Abdul Wahhab () is a male Muslim given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ʻabd and al-Wahhāb, one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the all-giver".
The letter a of the al- is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by u. The last element may appear as Wahab, Wahhab, Vehhab, Ouahab, and others with the whole name subject to variable spacing and hyphenation.
It may refer to:
Abd al-Wahhab ibn Rustam (784-832), the founder of the Wahhabism Ibadi Movement, in Tiaret, in Algeria
Qadi 'Abd al-Wahhab (973–1031), Iraqi Maliki scholar and jurist
ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Aḥmad aš-Šaʿrānī, known as just Shaʿrānī (1492–1565), Egyptian Sufi teacher
Mohammed ibn abd al-Wahab al-Ghassani (died 1707), Moroccan diplomat and travel writer
Muhammad ibn Abd Al-Wahhab (1702-1792), Arab Hanbali scholar, founder of modern Wahhabism
Abdul Wahab, known as Sachal Sarmast (1739–1829), Sindhi Sufi poet
Abdulvehhab Ilhamija (1773–1821), Bosnian Dervish and writer
Kheireddine Abdul Wahab (1878–1944), Lebanese businessman
Bachir Abdelouahab (1897–1978), Algerian politician and medical doctor
Abdul Wahab Khan Tarzi (born 1903), Afghan civil servant
Mohammed Abdel Wahab (1902 –1991), Egyptian singer and composer
Abdul-Wahab Mirjan (1909–1964), Iraqi politician
Khaled Abdul-Wahab (1911–1997), Tunisian who helped Jews in World War II
Fatin Abdel Wahab (1913–1972), Egyptian film director
Abdolvahaab Shahidi (born 1914), Iranian singer and barbat player
Abd al-Wahhab Hawmad (1915-2002), Syrian politician
Afif Abdul Wahab (1915–2003), Lebanese doctor
Abd al-Wahab al-Shawaf (1916-1959), Iraqi revolutionary
Abdul Wahab (journalist) (1916 – 1994), Bangladeshi journalist
Shah Abd al-Wahhab (1894—1982), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and former principal of Darul Uloom Hathazari
Abdul Wahhab Pirji (1890–1976), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar
Muhammad Abdulwahhab (born 1923), Indian Muslim religious teacher
Abd al-Wahhab Al-Bayati (1926–1999), Iraqi poet
Abdel Wahab Elmessiri (1938–2008), Egyptian political philosopher
Abdul Wahab Adam (1938-2014), Ghanaian Muslim Scholar and Ameer of the Ahmadiyya movement, Ghana
Abdelwahab Abdallah (born 1940), Tunisian politician
Abdul Wahab Siddiqi (1942–1994), Pakistani religious scholar and Sufi Master
Abdulwahab Darawshe (born 1943), Arab-Israeli politician
Tuan Haji Anuar bin Haji Abd. Wahab (1945–2009), Malaysian silat expert
Abdelwahab Meddeb (born 1946), Tunisian-French poet and essayist
Mounes Abdul Wahab (born 1947), Lebanese blind civil rights activist, author and pioneer of disabled rights movement
AbdulWahab Raweh (born 1952), Yemeni politician
Mohamed Abdelwahab Abdelfattah (born 1962), Egyptian classical composer
Abdul-Wahab Abu Al-Hail (born 1976), Iraqi footballer
Musa Abed Al Wahab (born 1977), Saudi held in Guantanamo
AbdulWahab al-Awdi (born 1978), Yemeni poet
Mohamed Abdelwahab (1983–2006), Egyptian footballer
Abdul Wahab Khan (politician), speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
Abdul Wahab Peevee (P. V. Abdul Wahab), Indian politician
Zamzani Abdul Wahab (Chef Zam), Malaysian chef
Abdul Wahab Dar, Pakistani cricketer
Abdul Wahab (educationist), Pakistani educationist
As a female name, it may refer to:
Sherine Abdel Wahhab (born 1980), Egyptian singer
See also
Aboab family
References
Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names
Iranian masculine given names |
is a railway station on the Kagoshima Main Line operated by Kyushu Railway Company in Koga, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. The name of the station was officially announced by JR Kyushu on September 24, 2008. Until then, the station was provisionally called Shishibu Station but was written in kanji as "鹿部駅".
Lines
The station is served by the Kagoshima Main Line and is located 62.0 km from the starting point of the line at .
Layout
The station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks.
Adjacent stations
History
The station was opened by JR Kyushu on 14 March 2009 as an added station on the existing Kagoshima Main Line track.
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
Shishibu (JR Kyushu)
Railway stations in Fukuoka Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 2009 |
The Convent of Saint Joseph () is a former convent and current cultural centre of Lagoa, situated in the civil parish of Lagoa, urbanized part of the city of Lagoa, Portugal. Built on the north edge of the old quarter, with its belvedere tower straddling the main road north to Silves, it hosts exhibitions of painting, photography, sculpture and pottery, as well as various shows and discussions in its auditorium.
History
The convent appears to have been founded sometime between 1710 and 1713 (it is known to be in existence in 1730), by members of the Carmelite order of nuns, who fostered and educated abandoned girls. There still exists a (now disused) “baby wheel” or “foundling wheel” in the convent for the anonymous relinquishing of unwanted babies. The original building was seriously damaged in the 1755 earthquake and was rebuilt thereafter.
In 1834 the government of Portugal suppressed all religious orders and monastic houses in the country. The institution continued to function as a foster home, probably as an “Association of Poor Girls”. In 1876, after church-state relations had been more or less normalized, the convent was re-opened as a girls' school by a number of Third Order Dominican Sisters (or non-cloistered nuns). The establishment was well supported both in terms of recruitment and money by the local community. (While the law still forbade cloistered convents, “third order” institutions – including schools – under the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical dioceses were allowed.) The school normally had about 30 boarders and 60 day students.
After the founding of the Portuguese First Republic in 1910, there was a formal separation of church and state under which the state took over all educational functions; the Convent was closed and the building came into the hands of the Comissão Jurisdicional dos Bens das Extintas Congregações Religiosas (Legal Commission for the Assets of Extinct Religious Congregations). At that time the São José convent was the only one in the Algarve. Much of the contents were sold or stolen; very few remain in Lagoa today.
In 1924 the building and grounds were purchased from the Comissão by the town of Lagoa which used it as a primary school up until the 1970s when a new purpose-built school was opened. At various times space in the convent was used for public offices – offices for the civil parish of Lagoa e Carvoeiro, for the engineering and service departments – and for storage. The chapel was used as the Civil Registry Office up to about 1940 after which it was restored and used for religious services. In 1961-1963 it functioned as the main town church while the principal church (Igreja Matriz) was being renovated. Services ended in the chapel in 1974 due to reduced attendance.
The chapel was renovated in 1989 at which time whatever of the original furnishings could be found were also restored and returned. The rest of the building was restored during 1992 and 1993 and the complex was re-opened on 27 May 1993 as the town's cultural centre. Part of the old building was appropriated by the civil parish authority of Lagoa e Carvoeiro where it continues to operate.
Architecture
Built originally of limestone with lime mortar, the convent has been altered many times since its construction. The small chapel was restored in the mid-19th century by Luís Antonio Maravilhas; his design included a vaulted roof, a main altar, 6 more altars in the side arches, and Ionic-style pilasters. This is more or less the shape it has today. Among the restored furnishings there are carved altar-pieces and an image of the patron saint, Saint Joseph with the Christ Child (18th century).
In front of the building is a belvedere tower built on an archway over the street. The bell gable has two bells, one 55 x 64 cm, weighing 190 kg and dated 1794; the second is 33 x 37 cm and weighs 34 kg. The original entrance to the convent was to the left of the tower (with a vestibule and parlor as well as the baby wheel); this area now houses the civil parish offices. A new entrance has been constructed to the right of the tower in what used to be the vestry courtyard. The cloister has a subterranean cistern to catch rain water; it is accessed by an octagonal “well” in its centre. Many of the rooms around the cloister (on both floors) have been opened up and converted into connected exhibition rooms. An auditorium was added during the last renovations.
In the entrance garden is a menhir, found in the Areias das Almas, Porches, dated to sometime between 5000 and 4000 B.C. It was discovered during an archaeological dig in 1975-76 by Varela Gomes.
References
Notes
Sources
Buildings and structures in Lagoa, Algarve
Convents in Portugal
Buildings and structures in the Algarve |
The Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis (SSJ-TOSF) is a Roman Catholic Franciscan religious congregation for women. The Congregation was established in 1901. Their motherhouse was in Stevens Point, Wisconsin in the Diocese of La Crosse.
History
The Congregation was founded on July 1, 1901, by 46 former members of the School Sisters of St. Francis who wished to see to the educational needs of the children of Polish immigrants. They began in under the name "Polish Sisters of St. Joseph". A 35-acre parcel of land, which contained a pine grove and small farmhouse, was purchased in 1901 from the Bulmanski Family by Rev. Luke Pescinski. The cornerstone of the motherhouse, St. Joseph's Convent Stevens Point, Wisconsin was laid the following year. In 1902, the building was opened as the St. Joseph Polish Academy.
By 1926 the sisters were serving in 49 schools in five states. Provinces were established in Wisconsin, Ohio, and Illinois. The sisters expanded their work to health care in 1938 with the opening of River Pines Sanitorium outside of Stevens Point. They subsequently operated hospitals and nursing facilities in Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin. In 1945 the name of the congregation was changed to the "Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis".
In 1949, the sisters purchased fifteen acres adjacent to their provincial convent, and founded Marymount Hospital in Garfield Heights, Ohio. "The Village at Marymount" is on the hospital campus. Marymount Place is an assisted living facility, while St. Joseph's Villa offers continuing care. Clare Hall provides palliative and hospice care.
In 1962 sisters were sent to Puerto Rico and Peru, in 1971 to Brazil, and in 1981 to South Africa. In 1967 the Rice Lake Franciscan Sisters merged with the SSJ-TOSF; 32 sisters joined the Chicago Province. In 1990 one centralized governance structure replaced the former three provinces. The Central Service Offices were located to St. Joseph Motherhouse in Stevens Point.
Present Day
, there were 196 sisters, more than half were over the age of eighty, and 28 still resided in Stevens Point. The sisters announced that they were relocating from Stevens Point to Marymount Place in Garfield Heights, Ohio. Sister Michelle Wronkowski said, "We are in the early stages of relocating the sisters who may need more assisted care.”
In 2021, the Congregation's mother house in Stevens Point was sold to General Capital Group to be developed into affordable senior and family apartment units, with part of the property being dedicated to the city as a public park.
Ministry
The Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis sponsor Trinity High School (Garfield Heights, Ohio), Regina High School (Warren, Michigan), and the Bartlett Learning Center, Inc.: Bartlett, Illinois.
The Sisters continue their role as founder and sponsor of Marymount Hospital, and since 1995, a member of the Cleveland Clinic health system.
Sisters now work in housing, respite care, and care for the developmentally challenged.
Notes
External links
Sisters of St. Joseph of the Third Order of St. Francis
Polish-American culture in Wisconsin
Catholic Church in Wisconsin
Catholic female orders and societies
Christian organizations established in 1901
Stevens Point, Wisconsin
Congregations of Franciscan sisters
Catholic religious institutes established in the 20th century |
Robert Noel Bodington (22 December 1894 – 30 October 1976) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
He later served in France in World War I.
Notes
External links
1894 births
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Melbourne Football Club players
Australian military personnel of World War I
1976 deaths
People from Carlton, Victoria
Military personnel from Melbourne |
A malt house, malt barn, or maltings, is a building where cereal grain is converted into malt by soaking it in water, allowing it to sprout and then drying it to stop further growth. The malt is used in brewing beer, whisky and in certain foods. The traditional malt house was largely phased out during the twentieth century in favour of more mechanised production. Many malt houses have been converted to other uses, such as Snape Maltings, England, which is now a concert hall.
Production process
Floor malting
The grain was first soaked in a steeping pit or cistern for a day or more. This was constructed of brick or stone, and was sometimes lined with lead. It was rectangular and no more than deep. Soon after being covered with water, the grain began to swell and increase its bulk by 25 percent.
The cistern was then drained and the grain transferred to another vessel called a couch, either a permanent construction, or temporarily formed with wooden boards. Here it was piled deep, and began to generate heat and start to germinate. It spent a day or two here, according to the season and the maltster's practice.
It was then spread out on the growing floor, the depth dictated by the temperature, but sufficiently deep to encourage vegetation. It was turned at intervals to achieve even growth and over the next fourteen days or so it is turned and moved towards the kiln. The temperature was also controlled by ventilation. A day or two after the grain was turned out on to the floor, an agreeable smell was given off, and roots soon began to appear. A day or so later the future stem began to swell, and the kernel became friable and sweet-tasting. As the germination proceeded the grain was spread thinner on the floor. The process was halted before the stem burst the husk. At this stage much of the starch in the grain had been converted to maltose and the grain was left on the floor to dry. The art of malting depends on the proper regulation of these changes in the grain. Maltsters varied in their manner of working, and adapted to changes in climatic conditions.
The grain was then moved into the kiln, , for between two and four days, depending on whether a light or dark malt was required. A slow fire was used to start, and then gradually raised to suit the purpose of the malt and the desired colour. The barley was then sieved to remove the shoots and stored for a few months to develop flavour.
Saladin malting
The Saladin system of mechanical and pneumatic malting was designed for a high performance process. The inventor Charles Saladin was a French engineer. The barley is soaked for an hour to remove swimming barley. This is followed by two hours of soaking to remove attached particles and dust. The next step is a prewashing by water circulation for 30 minutes followed by washing with fresh water and removing the overfall. A dry soak with exhaustion during 4 hours follows. Several dry and wet soaking steps are to follow. The last step is the transfer to the saladin box.
Steep, germinate and kilning vessel
While in the traditional malt houses the product flow is horizontal, the flow in the Steep, Germinate and Kilning Vessel is vertical. Due to high capital costs this process is used only in industrial maltings for beer malt.
In the United Kingdom
Many villages had a malt house in the eighteenth century, supplying the needs of local publicans, estates and home brewers. Malt houses are typically long, low buildings, no more than two storeys high, in a vernacular style. The germination of barley is hindered by high temperatures, so many malt houses only operated in the winter. This provided employment for agricultural workers whose labour was not much in demand during the winter months.
During the nineteenth century many small breweries disappeared. Improved techniques allowed larger breweries and specialist maltsters to build their own maltings and operate year-round. These were often housed in multi-storey buildings. It was also more efficient to transport malt than barley to the brewery, so many large breweries set up their own maltings near railways in the barley growing districts of eastern England.
Towards the end of the nineteenth century, pneumatic malting was introduced, in which the barley is aerated and the temperature carefully controlled, accelerating the germination. Large malting floors were no longer necessary, but power consumption was high, so floor malting held on well into the twentieth century. Only a handful of traditional malting floors are still in use.
Notable buildings
All the following are Grade II* listed buildings, unless otherwise noted.
Ye Old Corner Cupboard in Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. Formerly a farmhouse, now an inn, 1872, with a 19th-century malthouse along one wing.
The Malt House in Alton, Staffordshire. House with attached granary, and underground maltkiln and cellars. Late 17th-century. Under the house, a stone barrel vaulted cellar, with inserted floor, 19th-century, forming a maltkiln.
Great Cliff Malt House in Chevet, West Yorkshire. Early-mid 17th-century. Attached kiln house. The malt house is a single vessel with heavy beams and chamfered purlins supporting a lime-ash floor.
Warminster Maltings in Wiltshire, 18th-century, rebuilt 1879. Group tours offered.
Tuckers Maltings in Newton Abbot, Devon, built 1900; Grade II listed. Open to the public for guided tours.
Great Ryburgh maltings (not a listed building) in Norfolk has been producing malt on traditional malting floors for two centuries. The oldest remaining building was built in the 1890s and has three working floors where a staff of three make about 3,000 tonnes of malt per year. In 2004, modern plant on the site produced some 112,000 tonnes.
Dereham Maltings (1881, Grade II listed) in Dereham, Norfolk, was converted into flats after production moved to Great Ryburgh.
Ditherington Flax Mill, a former flax mill in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, was converted to maltings in 1898. Grade I listed for its innovative construction.
Bass Maltings form an industrial complex in the Lincolnshire market town of Sleaford, disused since 1959. Constructed between 1901 and 1907 to Herbert A. Couchman's design for the Bass brewery, the maltings are the largest complex of their kind in England.
Malt tax
The malt tax was introduced in Britain in 1697, and was repealed in 1880.
The rate for malted barley was 6d. per bushel in 1697 and had risen to 2s. 7d. in 1834. In 1789 the malt tax raised £ million, 11.5% of all taxes. In 1802 the malt duty rose from 1s. 4d. a bushel to 2s. 5d., then to 4s. 5d. in 1804, driven upwards by the need to finance the French Wars of 1793–1815. In 1865 the total revenue was reported to be six million sterling a year.
There were also numerous regulations in place regarding the malting process. The cistern and the couch-frame had to be constructed in a particular manner, to permit the excise officer to gauge the grain. The maltster had to give notice before wetting any grain; 24 hours in the city or market-town, 48 hours elsewhere. The grain had to be kept covered with water for 48 hours, excepting one hour for changing the water. Grain could only be put in the cistern between 8am and 2pm, and taken out between 7am and 4pm. It had to remain in the couch frame for at least 26 hours. Once thrown out of the cistern, it could not be sprinkled for 12 days. A survey book or ledger had to be kept to record the process and the gauging of the grain in the cistern, the couch, and on the floor. The volume of the grain was carefully measured, based upon the mean width, length and height, and calculated by mental arithmetic, pen and paper, or slide rule. The duty to be charged was based upon the largest gauge of either the cistern, couch or floor after a multiplying factor of 1.6 was applied to the larger of the cistern or couch gauges.
See also
Oast house – another type of building used in beer manufacture for drying hops, which is topped by a similar cowl structure
References
Further reading
Agricultural buildings
Vernacular architecture
House |
Fondazione Banca Agricola Mantovana is an Italian charity organization based in Mantua, Lombardy. It was found by Banca Agricola Mantovana (BAM) and its parent company Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena (Banca MPS) in 2000. BAM was transformed from a cooperative bank to a limited company (società per azioni) circa 1999–2000.
According to its by-law, BAM had to pay the foundation 2 billion lire (€1.033 million) annually. Since the bank was absorbed into Banca MPS in 2008, Banca MPS inherited the responsibility instead. However, Banca MPS refused to honor the contract. In 2015 the foundation seek arbitration for the non-payment for three years.
In the past BAM had rights to name 5 directors, while other 4 directors were named by the comune of Mantua, the Province of Mantua and the Accademia Nazionale Virgiliana.
Headquarter
The headquarter of the foundation was located in Palazzo del Diavolo, 15 corso Vittorio Emanuele II. The building was the old headquarter of the bank. However, the bank moved to 30 corso Vittorio Emanuele II in 1949, which currently a branch of Banca MPS. Palazzo del Diavolo was opposite to a branch of UniCredit (ex-Cariverona branch).
Arts Gallery
The Galleria d'Arte of the foundation displayed the works of Giuseppe Bazzani: S.Margarita da Cortona and San Longino, Sant'Andrea, Sant'Elena con la reliquia del Preziosissimo Sangue as well as other collections.
References
2000 establishments in Italy
Organizations established in 2000
foundations based in Italy
Organisations based in Mantua
Montepaschi Group |
```java
/*
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
* that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
* tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
* in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
* be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
*/
package org.webrtc;
import android.media.MediaCodecInfo;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import java.util.Arrays;
/** Factory for Android hardware VideoDecoders. */
public class HardwareVideoDecoderFactory extends MediaCodecVideoDecoderFactory {
private final static Predicate<MediaCodecInfo> defaultAllowedPredicate =
new Predicate<MediaCodecInfo>() {
@Override
public boolean test(MediaCodecInfo arg) {
return MediaCodecUtils.isHardwareAccelerated(arg);
}
};
/** Creates a HardwareVideoDecoderFactory that does not use surface textures. */
@Deprecated // Not removed yet to avoid breaking callers.
public HardwareVideoDecoderFactory() {
this(null);
}
/**
* Creates a HardwareVideoDecoderFactory that supports surface texture rendering.
*
* @param sharedContext The textures generated will be accessible from this context. May be null,
* this disables texture support.
*/
public HardwareVideoDecoderFactory(@Nullable EglBase.Context sharedContext) {
this(sharedContext, /* codecAllowedPredicate= */ null);
}
/**
* Creates a HardwareVideoDecoderFactory that supports surface texture rendering.
*
* @param sharedContext The textures generated will be accessible from this context. May be null,
* this disables texture support.
* @param codecAllowedPredicate predicate to filter codecs. It is combined with the default
* predicate that only allows hardware codecs.
*/
public HardwareVideoDecoderFactory(@Nullable EglBase.Context sharedContext,
@Nullable Predicate<MediaCodecInfo> codecAllowedPredicate) {
super(sharedContext,
(codecAllowedPredicate == null ? defaultAllowedPredicate
: codecAllowedPredicate.and(defaultAllowedPredicate)));
}
}
``` |
Where Eagles Dare is a 1968 war adventure film, based on the 1967 novel of the same name by Alistair MacLean.
Where Eagles Dare also may refer to:
"Where Eagles Dare" (Misfits song), a song by the Misfits from their 1979 single "Night of the Living Dead"
"Where Eagles Dare", a song by Iron Maiden from their 1983 album Piece of Mind |
The Castle of Belver () is a Portuguese castle in the civil parish of Belver, municipality of Gavião, district of Portalegre, in central Portugal.
History
Belver was the first castle and most important to be constructed by the Hospitallers in Portugal during the Middle Ages. It was built in order to defend the access-way along the Tagus River, and donate by Sancho I under the condition that a castle be constructed. In 1194, King Sancho conceded this region of the Northern Tagus River, then known as Guidintesta, or Guidi in testa (or still of Costa), to Afonso Paes, prior of the Order of the Hospitallers. By so doing, the King hoped to stabilize the Christian-Muslim frontier along the Tagus River, leaving the Templar to almost monopolize their power along the frontier lands. The King began referring to the construction of the Castle and the surrounding as Belver. In his later testament, King Sancho transferred the title of the Castle to the Hospitalers. By 1210, construction was far enough advanced to allow the permanent occupation and defence. The testament while identifying its existence, also made it clear that the Castle was one of the six repositories of the nation's wealth, thereby providing ample proof of the Castle's defences, albeit located in a frontier outpost. The final construction was completed in 1212.
Between 1336 and 1341, Belver fell under the most important command of the Hospitallers, while still not seat nor official House, which continued to reside in the town of Leça do Balio. Even as the head of the Order transferred his rule to the parish of Flor da Rosa, in the municipality of Crato, creating the priorship of Crato, the Castle of Belver (and its community) did not progress more than a provincial stronghold.
The fortress remained intact over the following centuries, preserving many of the primitive Romanesque military motifs of the period. In fact, the castle was systematically adapted to military conditions of the time, while garrison accommodations were improved. After becoming King, John I of Portugal renewed the Castle's important military role, and in the face of Castilian conflicts, had the Castle's defenses expanded and rehabilitated, under the direction of Nuno Alvares Pereira (in 1390). In the 16th century, the Chapel of São Brás, was completed. Similar renovations occurred in the 17th century, by Cosmander.
By the 19th century, the Castle, apart from its imposing form above the parish of Belver, was completely forgotten, becoming a shelter for the settlement's cemetery in 1846.
The 1909 earthquake caused major damage to the fortifications, but only resulted in major re-construction between 1939 and 1946, when the DGEMN- Direcção Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais also continued to work on the Castle grounds annually, rehabilitate, demolish and erect major facets of the Castle. Similarly, in 1976, the walls and roof were repaired, while the door to the chapel and altar were renovated, and in 1986, while lighting was updated on the grounds, the roof was repaired once more. In 1987-1988, repairs to the donjon (plaster, masonry and pavement) were completed.
On 1 June 1992, the property was transferred to the IPPAR (Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico), under decree-law 106F/92. The institute, before being absorbed into the IGESPAR, was responsible for a complete restoration and conservation of the Castle.
Architecture
Located on the periphery of the village of Belver (isolated on the south-west corner), alongside the right margin of the Tagus River, at the confluence of the Ribeiro de Belver, overlooking a panorama, that includes olive orchards to the east and south-east.
Its plan includes a principal rectangular keep circuited by walled parapets, that encircle the space on the hilltop, and Renaissance-era chapel. The castle gates are located on the south face, anticipated by a staircase of masonry stone, and flanked by two towers, whose design would be used by King Denis. Beyond the entrance is a triple doorway of rounded arcs, which now provides entry onto the grounds. Central to the completed structure is the donjon or keep, whose first floor provides a grated access-way to the dungeons. The keep's entrance-hall has a rectangular window and staircase that provides access to the second floor. The second-floor hall, also with a rectangular window and arched doorway, leads onto the vestiges of the veranda, while another doorway leads to the superior floor access to the battlements.
The walls and battlements which encircle the Castle follow a semi-circular oval around the keep, and are covered in parapets and turrets, with strategically place cubicle towers located around the entranceway and in each direction of the compass. The Traitor's Gate, the secondary access to the castle, is located on the cliff side of the structure, guarded by a round tower.
Vestiges of the alcalde's residence and garrison are located in the south-east, south and south-west parts of the castle, in the space occupied by the three archways. To the north is the remains of the garrison's cistern, constructed during the remodelling of the castle by Nuno Álvares Pereira.
Near the centre of the Castle, and in the east, is the Chapel of São Brás, alongside the keep. In the interior of chapel is a high-altar, with a number of busts and reliquaries from Palestine, presented by the Great Prior of Crato to Prince Luís, son of Manuel I of Portugal. Italian counterparts, and decorated with the grande importance associated with the religiosity of the legendary reliquaries of the Holy Land.
References
Notes
Sources
Belver
National monuments in Portalegre District
Belver |
Your Family or Mine is an American sitcom series based on the Israeli series Savri Maranan (). The series is centered on a young married couple, Oliver (Kyle Howard) and Kelli (Kat Foster), and alternates between their two families. Your Family or Mine was announced by TBS in mid 2014 with a ten-episode order. It premiered on April 7, 2015. On October 23, 2015, TBS quietly cancelled the series after one season.
Cast
Kyle Howard as Oliver Weston
Kat Foster as Kelli Weston
Richard Dreyfuss as Louis Weston, Oliver's father
JoBeth Williams as Ricky Weston, Oliver's mother
Ed Begley Jr. as Gil Durnin, Kelli's father
Cynthia Stevenson as Jan Durnin, Kelli's mother
Danny Comden as Jason Weston, Oliver's older brother
Angela Kinsey as Claire Weston, Jason's wife
Andrew Lees as Blake Weston, Oliver's younger brother
Stephanie Hunt as Dani Durnin, Kelli's youngest sister
Collette Wolfe as Shawni Durnin, Kelli's younger sister
Jared Breeze as Dougie Durnin, Shawni's son
Adrian Gonzalez as Enzo, Shawni's boyfriend
Constantine Ganosis as Jonathan (European distribution)
Episodes
TBS announced that the first season will contain a total of ten episodes; it premiered on April 7, 2015.
References
External links
2010s American sitcoms
2015 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
English-language television shows
TBS (American TV channel) original programming
Television series about families
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
American television series based on Israeli television series
Television shows set in Washington (state) |
Gymnosoma maxima is a species of tachinid flies in the genus Gymnosoma of the family Tachinidae.
Distribution
Kazakhstan.
References
Tachinidae
Diptera of Asia
Endemic fauna of Kazakhstan
Insects described in 1966 |
The Undermain Theatre is an 80-seat regional theater, home to the professional theater company, Deep Ellum Theatre Group. It is located in Deep Ellum, Dallas, Texas. Deriving its name from the actual location of the basement space "under Main Street", this ensemble group of theatre artists performs new and experimental works throughout Dallas, New York City and Europe and has become known for producing many contemporary writers.
Undermain Theatre history
In fall 1983, Katherine Owens and Raphael Parry arrived in Dallas. Both were interested in presenting new and experimental material with an ensemble company in the Deep Ellum area. They began producing together at Stage Number One's Greenville Avenue Theater, in association with Dallas Actor's Theater, on a triple bill of Action, Killer’s Head and Icarus's Mother by Sam Shepard. In early 1984, they found the vacant basement space of the now historical Interstate Forwarding Company building on 3200 Main Street. By spring 1984, they had their first production, Excavations: Killer’s Head, Twirler, Waking Up, in the Main Street space.
Excavations was part of a Gallery Walk event and was presented in a promenade style due to the lack of seating in their basement theater space. The show was a series of one-acts that both Owens and Parry directed and performed in. By the end of their first season, they were on their way to building their ensemble. In April 1985, Bruce DuBose joined the cast of Dario Fo’s Can't Pay? Won't Pay!, beginning a longtime relationship that eventually took DuBose to the position of executive producer of Undermain Theatre.
With each season, Undermain continued to thrive and grow. By its third season, Dallas critics began to take notice and by the end of the fourth season, in spring 1987, Undermain flew in the playwright John O’Keefe to develop his play, All Night Long. In September that year, Undermain developed a relationship with Jeff Jones while producing Seventy Scenes of Halloween. This friendship proved to be advantageous, leading to Undermain's long standing relationships with the playwrights Len Jenkin, Mac Wellman and Eric Ehn and the subsequent productions of Poor Folks Pleasure, Harm’s Way, A Murder of Crows and The Red Plays, among other shows, establishing Undermain Theatre's name among the language playwrights in New York City and around the US.
Milestones
1984 – Undermain established in the Deep Ellum area of Dallas.
1986 – Actor's Equity Association contract signed.
1995 – Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia invited the Undermain to perform Goran Stefanovski’s play Sarajevo in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the United Nations. Undermain performed in Roman amphitheaters and on the steps of orthodox cathedrals.
2000 – Toured Serbia to perform at the DAH Eater celebration.
2000 – Began the production of plays in New York (six to date) including in the original adaptation of Neil Young’s Greendale.
2002 – Established an archival website in partnership with Texas Humanities which provides on-going production information to theaters and audiences.
2008 – Performed Greendale at the Ohio theatre's SoHo Think Tank Ice Factory Festival.
2009 – The Dallas Public Library produced Beneath the Surface, an exhibit celebrating 25 years of design at Undermain Theatre.
2010 – Completed on restoration of the historic Frank Lloyd Wright audience chairs.
2011 – Collaborated with David Rabe on his play, The Black Monk and on Port Twilight with Len Jenkin. The Black Monk was published by Simon and Schuster. Port Twilight was published by Broadway Play Publishing Inc..
2013 – Produced the first full theatrical production at the Dallas City Performance Hall with Enda Walsh's Penelope, opening the space to capacity houses and rave reviews.
Travel
In 1995, Undermain Theatre traveled to the Republic of Macedonia to perform Goran Stefanvovski's Sarajevo in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the United Nations. Undermain also performed at the ancient Roman Theatre at Bittola and at the Ohrid Theater Festival. In 2000, the theater company traveled to New York City for the first time, producing three shows there (Coaticook by Lenora Champagne, Gold Into Mud and Swedish Tales of Woe by Erik Ehn) as well as four shows in Dallas. In 2001, the company returned to the Balkans with a new work and performed at the DAH Teatar Anniversary Celebration in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
The building
The unique building, constructed in 1913 by B.D. Milam and E.C. Connor as the first US Customs warehouse in Dallas, is a six-story, Chicago-style building billed as absolutely fireproof with an exterior that was made with red and ironspot bricks and concrete. Jim and Michelle Herling, the owners of the building in the early 1980s, were patrons of the arts, already housing an art gallery on the first floor of the building, and were willing to allow Owens and Parry to rent the entire basement floor at a very low price. From that, Owens and Parry transformed the warehouse basement into a unique performance space that became the home of Undermain Theatre. In 1989, Undermain Properties bought the building on 3200 Main Street. It was adapted for residential use in 1991 by Graham Greene & RTHL to include 28 residential units, keeping both the theatre and the art galleries in their respective places. The building became a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1991 and was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2002. It is also a City of Dallas Landmark.
The chairs
The 90-seat house at Undermain Theatre is also unique. The chairs, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, were originally housed in the Kalita Humphreys Theater. Obtained by the Undermain from the Dallas Theater Center in 1989, the seating was designed by Taliesin architects, the firm that completed many of Wright's projects after his death in 1959. Its design was based on a variety of ideas promoted by Wright himself and by Paul Baker (Director of the Dallas Theater Center in 1957).
Critical acclaim
"One of the best small theaters in America" – San Diego Union-Tribune
"An unsung American treasure" – Backstage magazine
"Undermain Theatre seeded the ground for a writer friendly town" – American Theatre magazine
"Dallas’ cutting-edge theatrical flag bearer for more than two decades" – Lawson Taitte, Dallas Morning News
Neil Young's Greendale "practically breathless with the beauty, hope, pathos and power of the music and the story" – Neil Strauss, New York Times
"As presented by Undermain Theatre, Neil Young’s Greendale is a hellacious piece of rock ‘n’ roll. This baby kicks, you're not likely to hear a livelier performance in any area theater" – Jerome Weeks, KERA FM
Awards
1994: 500 Inc's Ken Bryant Vision Award – "the most significant form of recognition for fostering creativity and innovation in the cultural arts of Dallas".
1992 to present: Dallas Morning News and Ft. Worth Star Telegram included Undermain in the "Top Ten Productions of the Season".
2005–2006: Margo Veil acclaimed number one of the "Top Ten" in the Dallas Morning News
2006–2007: Bruce DuBose critically acclaimed Waiting for a Train received the Dallas Ft. Worth Critics forum award for "Best New Play"
2008: Artistic director, Katherine Owens, received the Texas Woman of Distinction Award in the Arts and Culture category of the American Association of University Women
2009: Eurydice and Neil Young's Greendale chosen as “Top Ten” productions by the Dallas Morning News
2010: Port Twilight and The Black Monk tied for "Number One Production" by the Dallas Morning News. Undermain productions receive six citations from the Dallas Fort Worth Theater Critics Forum Awards for Direction (2), Actor, Ensemble, Design and Touring Production.
2010: "Best Theater" and "Best Actor" – DMagazine “Best of Culture”
2011: Five citations of excellence from the Dallas Fort Worth Critics Forum: Direction (2), Design (2) and Acting.
2012: Two citations of excellence from the Dallas Fort Worth Critics Forum: Direction and Ensemble Cast
2013: Three citations of excellence from the Dallas Fort Worth Critics Forum: Acting (2) and Design.
Notable authors
Mac Wellman, Jeffrey M. Jones, John O’Keefe, Erik Ehn, Susan Lori-Parks, Lenora Champagne, Howard Baker, Caryl Churchill, Goran Stefanovski, Octavio Solis, Lynne Alvarez, David Rabe, Connor McPherson, Young Jean Lee, Len Jenkin, Dario Fo, David Ray, Sam Shepard, Samuel Beckett,
Collaborations
The Dallas Museum of Art – Undermain Reads at the Museum
The Dallas Foundation – Undermain holds its Undermain Theatre Endowment Fund at the Dallas Foundation
The Dallas Public Library – The Dallas Public Library houses the Undermain archives
Nasher Sculpture Center – Undermain Theatre presents at the Nasher Gallery Lab
Southern Methodist University – Undermain Artistic Director Katherine Owens is a guest seminar lecturer for the theater division of the Meadows School of the Arts
The City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs – With support from the City of Dallas, OCA, Undermain provides free and discounted rehearsal space to performing arts groups.
References
Performing arts in Dallas
Buildings and structures in Dallas
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas |
Gundugutti M. Manjanathaya was an Indian freedom fighter and politician. Born as G. M. Manjanath, he was a prominent coffee planter and lived in the village of Gundugutti in Somwarpet taluk in Kodagu district.
Freedom Movement
In 1934, Pandyanda Belliappa, another prominent freedom fighter, and Gundugutti Manjanathaya succeeded in persuading Mahatma Gandhi to tour Coorg for his cause of gaining donations towards the Harijan welfare fund. They accompanied him into Coorg and he stayed at Gundugutti Manjanathaya's house for one evening. It was here that Mrs. B. T. Gopal Krishna, better known as Kodagina Gowramma, a famous Kannada woman writer and his relative, donated her jewellery for the cause and invited the entourage to her house. During the 1942 Quit India Movement Manjanathaya's eldest son Gundugutti Narasimhamurthy organised a Seva Mandal in Madikeri to inspire the youth.
Politics
In 1947 Coorg was a separate state in South India. Coorg had two MPs in the Union Parliament then, besides having a state legislative body. Manjanathaya was elected MLA (Member of the Legislative Assembly) of the State of Coorg (now Kodagu), between the years 1952-1957 and represented Sunticoppa I constituency as a member of the Indian National Congress party. In 1956 the State Reorganisation Act was passed. Coorg was merged with Mysore and the legislative body at Mercara dissolved. In 1967 G.M. Manjanathaya represented the Swatantra Party and defeated INC candidate C.K. Kalappa in Somwarpet in the Mysore State (Old name for Karnataka) Elections.
Legacy
You can also locate a high school called Gundugutty school, named after its founder GMM.
References
Indian independence activists from Karnataka
People from Kodagu district
Gandhians
Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka
Coorg State politicians
Coorg State MLAs 1952–1956 |
"Fairyland" is the 36th single released by Ayumi Hamasaki. It was released on August 3, 2005. It instantly shot to #1 on the Oricon charts where it stayed for the entire week. After one week of sales, "Fairyland" sold over 172,000 copies, the most any of Hamasaki's singles sold in one week in 2005. "Fairyland" is also Hamasaki's first single that featured different covers for both the CD and the CD+DVD.
Music videos
The PV of Fairyland was shot in Hawaii and is one of the most expensive music videos in the world, as well as being Japan's most expensive music video in terms of production costs. The PV cost 240 million Yen (2 million in U.S. dollars), making it the most expensive music video for a non-English language song. It depicts Hamasaki with her companions (dance team) on a lush tropical island, with some scenes showing a timber house with a deck. Eventually, a fallen oil lamp causes the entire structure to burn. Images from earlier sequences showing the group having fun are interspersed through the burning of the house. The video ends with the camera moving away from Hamasaki singing solemnly as she watches the house burn.
The PV of Alterna depicts Ayumi as an up-and-coming star who is chased by clowns. The video also depicts her as a singing machine; this aspect of the music video (as well as the lyrics of "alterna") may be Hamasaki's response to either tabloid articles or to her record label's oppressive treatment of her at the time.
Track listing
"Fairyland" – 5:17
"Alterna" – 5:28
"Step You" (DJ Taki-Shit More Step Up Remix) – 4:16
"Fairyland" (Bright Field Remix) – 5:30
"Fairyland" (Instrumental) – 5:17
"Alterna" (Instrumental) – 5:28
DVD track listing
"Fairyland" (PV)
"Alterna" (PV)
"Fairyland" ("making of" photo gallery)
Live performances
June 27, 2005 – Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ
July 15, 2005 – Music Station
July 30, 2005 – CDTV
August 1, 2005 – Hey! Hey! Hey! Music Champ
August 5, 2005 – Music Station
August 5, 2005 – Music Fighter
December 31, 2005 – 56th Kouhaku Utagassen
Charts
Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)
Total Sales : 370,000 (Japan)
Total Sales : 388,000 (Avex)
RIAJ certification: Platinum
See also
List of most expensive music videos
References
External links
fairyland c/w alterna information at Avex Network.
fairyland c/w alterna CD+DVD information at Avex Network.
fairyland c/w alterna information at Oricon.
Ayumi Hamasaki songs
2005 singles
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Songs written by Ayumi Hamasaki
2005 songs
Avex Trax singles |
```c++
/* -*-mode:c++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
#include "../../vp8/util/memory.hh"
#include <string>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#include "bitops.hh"
#include "component_info.hh"
#include "uncompressed_components.hh"
#include "jpgcoder.hh"
#include "vp8_encoder.hh"
#include "bool_encoder.hh"
#include "model.hh"
#include "numeric.hh"
#include "../vp8/model/model.hh"
#include "../vp8/encoder/encoder.hh"
#include "../io/MuxReader.hh"
#include "lepton_codec.hh"
extern unsigned char ujgversion;
using namespace std;
typedef Sirikata::MuxReader::ResizableByteBuffer ResizableByteBuffer;
void printContext(FILE * fp) {
#ifdef ANNOTATION_ENABLED
for (int cm= 0;cm< 3;++cm) {
for (int y = 0;y < Context::H/8; ++y) {
for (int x = 0;x < Context::W/8; ++x) {
for (int by = 0; by < 8; ++by){
for (int bx = 0; bx < 8; ++bx) {
for (int ctx = 0;ctx < NUMCONTEXT;++ctx) {
for (int dim = 0; dim < 3; ++dim) {
int val = 0;
val = gctx->p[cm][y][x][by][bx][ctx][dim];
const char *nam = "UNKNOWN";
switch (ctx) {
case ZDSTSCAN:nam = "ZDSTSCAN";break;
case ZEROS7x7:nam = "ZEROS7x7";break;
case EXPDC:nam = "EXPDC";break;
case RESDC:nam = "RESDC";break;
case SIGNDC:nam = "SIGNDC";break;
case EXP7x7:nam = "EXP7x7";break;
case RES7x7:nam = "RES7x7";break;
case SIGN7x7:nam = "SIGN7x7";break;
case ZEROS1x8:nam = "ZEROS1x8";break;
case ZEROS8x1:nam = "ZEROS8x1";break;
case EXP8:nam = "EXP8";break;
case THRESH8: nam = "THRESH8"; break;
case RES8:nam = "RES8";break;
case SIGN8:nam = "SI#include "emmintrin.h"GN8";break;
default:break;
}
if (val != -1 && ctx != ZDSTSCAN) {
fprintf(fp, "col[%02d] y[%02d]x[%02d] by[%02d]x[%02d] [%s][%d] = %d\n",
cm, y, x, by, bx, nam, dim, val);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
#endif
}
template <class ArithmeticCoder>
VP8ComponentEncoder<ArithmeticCoder>::VP8ComponentEncoder(bool do_threading, bool use_ans_encoder)
: LeptonCodec<ArithmeticCoder>(do_threading){
this->mUseAnsEncoder = use_ans_encoder;
}
template <class ArithmeticCoder>
CodingReturnValue VP8ComponentEncoder<ArithmeticCoder>::encode_chunk(const UncompressedComponents *input,
IOUtil::FileWriter *output,
const ThreadHandoff *selected_splits,
unsigned int num_selected_splits)
{
return vp8_full_encoder(input, output, selected_splits, num_selected_splits, this->mUseAnsEncoder);
}
template <class ArithmeticCoder>
template<class Left, class Middle, class Right, class BoolEncoder>
void VP8ComponentEncoder<ArithmeticCoder>::process_row(ProbabilityTablesBase &pt,
Left & left_model,
Middle& middle_model,
Right& right_model,
int curr_y,
const UncompressedComponents * const colldata,
Sirikata::Array1d<ConstBlockContext,
(uint32_t)ColorChannel::NumBlockTypes> &context,
BoolEncoder &bool_encoder) {
uint32_t block_width = colldata->full_component_nosync((int)middle_model.COLOR).block_width();
if (block_width > 0) {
ConstBlockContext state = context.at((int)middle_model.COLOR);
const AlignedBlock &block = state.here();
#ifdef ANNOTATION_ENABLED
gctx->cur_cmp = component; // for debug purposes only, not to be used in production
gctx->cur_jpeg_x = 0;
gctx->cur_jpeg_y = curr_y;
#endif
state.num_nonzeros_here->set_num_nonzeros(block.recalculate_coded_length());
serialize_tokens(state,
bool_encoder,
left_model,
pt);
uint32_t offset = colldata->full_component_nosync((int)middle_model.COLOR).next(state,
true,
curr_y);
context.at((int)middle_model.COLOR) = state;
if (offset >= colldata->component_size_in_blocks(middle_model.COLOR)) {
return;
}
}
for ( unsigned int jpeg_x = 1; jpeg_x + 1 < block_width; jpeg_x++ ) {
ConstBlockContext state = context.at((int)middle_model.COLOR);
const AlignedBlock &block = state.here();
#ifdef ANNOTATION_ENABLED
gctx->cur_cmp = component; // for debug purposes only, not to be used in production
gctx->cur_jpeg_x = jpeg_x;
gctx->cur_jpeg_y = curr_y;
#endif
state.num_nonzeros_here->set_num_nonzeros(block.recalculate_coded_length()); //FIXME set edge pixels too
serialize_tokens(state,
bool_encoder,
middle_model,
pt);
uint32_t offset = colldata->full_component_nosync((int)middle_model.COLOR).next(state,
true,
curr_y);
context.at((int)middle_model.COLOR) = state;
if (offset >= colldata->component_size_in_blocks(middle_model.COLOR)) {
return;
}
}
if (block_width > 1) {
ConstBlockContext state = context.at((int)middle_model.COLOR);
const AlignedBlock &block = state.here();
#ifdef ANNOTATION_ENABLED
gctx->cur_cmp = middle_model.COLOR; // for debug purposes only, not to be used in production
gctx->cur_jpeg_x = block_width - 1;
gctx->cur_jpeg_y = curr_y;
#endif
state.num_nonzeros_here->set_num_nonzeros(block.recalculate_coded_length());
serialize_tokens(state,
bool_encoder,
right_model,
pt);
colldata->full_component_nosync((int)middle_model.COLOR).next(state, false, curr_y);
context.at((int)middle_model.COLOR) = state;
}
}
uint32_t aligned_block_cost_scalar(const AlignedBlock &block) {
uint32_t scost = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
scost += 1 + 2 * uint16bit_length(abs(block.raw_data()[i]));
}
return scost;
}
uint32_t aligned_block_cost(const AlignedBlock &block) {
#if defined(__SSE2__) && !defined(USE_SCALAR) /* SSE2 or higher instruction set available { */
const __m128i zero = _mm_setzero_si128();
__m128i v_cost;
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i+= 8) {
__m128i val = _mm_abs_epi16(_mm_load_si128((const __m128i*)(const char*)(block.raw_data() + i)));
v_cost = _mm_set1_epi16(0);
#ifndef __SSE4_1__
while (_mm_movemask_epi8(_mm_cmpeq_epi32(val, zero)) != 0xFFFF)
#else
while (!_mm_test_all_zeros(val, val))
#endif
{
__m128i mask = _mm_cmpgt_epi16(val, zero);
v_cost = _mm_add_epi16(v_cost, _mm_and_si128(mask, _mm_set1_epi16(2)));
val = _mm_srli_epi16(val, 1);
}
v_cost = _mm_add_epi16(v_cost, _mm_srli_si128(v_cost, 8));
v_cost = _mm_add_epi16(v_cost ,_mm_srli_si128(v_cost, 4));
v_cost = _mm_add_epi16(v_cost, _mm_srli_si128(v_cost, 2));
}
return 16 + _mm_extract_epi16(v_cost, 0);
#else /* } No SSE2 instructions { */
return aligned_block_cost_scalar(block);
#endif /* } */
}
#ifdef ALLOW_FOUR_COLORS
#define ProbabilityTablesTuple(left, above, right) \
ProbabilityTables<left && above && right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR0>, \
ProbabilityTables<left && above && right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR1>, \
ProbabilityTables<left && above && right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR2>, \
ProbabilityTables<left && above && right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR3>
#define EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(left, above, right) ProbabilityTables<left&&above&&right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR0>(BlockType::Y, \
left, \
above, \
right), \
ProbabilityTables<left&&above&&right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR1>(BlockType::Cb, \
left, \
above, \
right), \
ProbabilityTables<left&&above&&right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR2>(BlockType::Cr, \
left, \
above, \
right), \
ProbabilityTables<left&&above&&right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR3>(BlockType::Ck, \
left, \
above, \
right)
#else
#define ProbabilityTablesTuple(left, above, right) \
ProbabilityTables<left && above && right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR0>, \
ProbabilityTables<left && above && right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR1>, \
ProbabilityTables<left && above && right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR2>
#define EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(left, above, right) ProbabilityTables<left&&above&&right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR0>(BlockType::Y, \
left, \
above, \
right), \
ProbabilityTables<left&&above&&right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR1>(BlockType::Cb, \
left, \
above, \
right), \
ProbabilityTables<left&&above&&right, TEMPLATE_ARG_COLOR2>(BlockType::Cr, \
left, \
above, \
right)
#endif
tuple<ProbabilityTablesTuple(false, false, false)> corner(EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(false,false,false));
tuple<ProbabilityTablesTuple(true, false, false)> top(EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(true, false, false));
tuple<ProbabilityTablesTuple(false, true, true)> midleft(EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(false, true, true));
tuple<ProbabilityTablesTuple(true, true, true)> middle(EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(true, true, true));
tuple<ProbabilityTablesTuple(true, true, false)> midright(EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(true, true, false));
tuple<ProbabilityTablesTuple(false, true, false)> width_one(EACH_BLOCK_TYPE(false, true, false));
template <class ArithmeticCoder> template <class BoolEncoder>
void VP8ComponentEncoder<ArithmeticCoder>::process_row_range(unsigned int thread_id,
const UncompressedComponents * const colldata,
int min_y,
int max_y,
ResizableByteBuffer *stream,
BoolEncoder *bool_encoder,
Sirikata::Array1d<std::vector<NeighborSummary>,
(uint32_t)ColorChannel::NumBlockTypes
> *num_nonzeros) {
TimingHarness::timing[thread_id][TimingHarness::TS_ARITH_STARTED] = TimingHarness::get_time_us();
using namespace Sirikata;
Array1d<ConstBlockContext, (uint32_t)ColorChannel::NumBlockTypes> context;
for (size_t i = 0; i < context.size(); ++i) {
context[i] = colldata->full_component_nosync(i).begin(num_nonzeros->at(i).begin());
}
uint8_t is_top_row[(uint32_t)ColorChannel::NumBlockTypes];
memset(is_top_row, true, sizeof(is_top_row));
ProbabilityTablesBase *model = nullptr;
if (this->do_threading_) {
LeptonCodec<ArithmeticCoder>::reset_thread_model_state(thread_id);
model = &this->thread_state_[thread_id]->model_;
} else {
LeptonCodec<ArithmeticCoder>::reset_thread_model_state(0);
model = &this->thread_state_[0]->model_;
}
KBlockBasedImagePerChannel<false> image_data;
for (int i = 0; i < colldata->get_num_components(); ++i) {
image_data[i] = &colldata->full_component_nosync((int)i);
}
uint32_t encode_index = 0;
Array1d<uint32_t, (uint32_t)ColorChannel::NumBlockTypes> max_coded_heights = colldata->get_max_coded_heights();
while(true) {
LeptonCodec_RowSpec cur_row = LeptonCodec_row_spec_from_index(encode_index++,
image_data,
colldata->get_mcu_count_vertical(),
max_coded_heights);
if(cur_row.done) {
break;
}
if (cur_row.luma_y >= max_y && thread_id + 1 != NUM_THREADS) {
break;
}
if (cur_row.skip) {
continue;
}
if (cur_row.luma_y < min_y) {
continue;
}
context[cur_row.component]
= image_data.at(cur_row.component)->off_y(cur_row.curr_y,
num_nonzeros->at(cur_row.component).begin());
// DEBUG only fprintf(stderr, "Thread %d min_y %d - max_y %d cmp[%d] y = %d\n", thread_id, min_y, max_y, (int)component, curr_y);
int block_width = image_data.at(cur_row.component)->block_width();
if (is_top_row[cur_row.component]) {
is_top_row[cur_row.component] = false;
switch((BlockType)cur_row.component) {
case BlockType::Y:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(corner),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(top),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(top),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
case BlockType::Cb:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(corner),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(top),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(top),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
case BlockType::Cr:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(corner),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(top),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(top),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
#ifdef ALLOW_FOUR_COLORS
case BlockType::Ck:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(corner),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(top),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(top),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
#endif
}
} else if (block_width > 1) {
switch((BlockType)cur_row.component) {
case BlockType::Y:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(midleft),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(middle),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(midright),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
case BlockType::Cb:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(midleft),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(middle),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(midright),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
case BlockType::Cr:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(midleft),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(middle),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(midright),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
#ifdef ALLOW_FOUR_COLORS
case BlockType::Ck:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(midleft),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(middle),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(midright),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
#endif
}
} else {
always_assert(block_width == 1);
switch((BlockType)cur_row.component) {
case BlockType::Y:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(width_one),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
case BlockType::Cb:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cb>(width_one),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
case BlockType::Cr:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Cr>(width_one),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
#ifdef ALLOW_FOUR_COLORS
case BlockType::Ck:
process_row(*model,
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(width_one),
std::get<(int)BlockType::Ck>(width_one),
cur_row.curr_y,
colldata,
context,
*bool_encoder);
break;
#endif
}
}
}
LeptonCodec_RowSpec test = ::LeptonCodec_row_spec_from_index(encode_index,
image_data,
colldata->get_mcu_count_vertical(),
max_coded_heights);
if (thread_id == NUM_THREADS - 1 && (test.skip == false || test.done == false)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Row spec test: cmp %d luma %d item %d skip %d done %d\n",
test.component, test.luma_y, test.curr_y, test.skip, test.done);
custom_exit(ExitCode::ASSERTION_FAILURE);
}
bool_encoder->finish(*stream);
TimingHarness::timing[thread_id][TimingHarness::TS_ARITH_FINISHED] = TimingHarness::get_time_us();
}
int load_model_file_fd_output() {
const char * out_model_name = getenv( "LEPTON_COMPRESSION_MODEL_OUT" );
if (!out_model_name) {
return -1;
}
return open(out_model_name, O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_WRONLY, 0
#ifndef _WIN32
|S_IWUSR | S_IRUSR
#endif
);
}
int model_file_fd = load_model_file_fd_output();
template <class BoolDecoder>
template<class BoolEncoder> void VP8ComponentEncoder<BoolDecoder>::threaded_encode_inner(const UncompressedComponents * const colldata,
IOUtil::FileWriter *str_out,
const ThreadHandoff * selected_splits,
unsigned int num_selected_splits,
BoolEncoder bool_encoder[MAX_NUM_THREADS],
ResizableByteBuffer stream[Sirikata::MuxReader::MAX_STREAM_ID]) {
using namespace Sirikata;
Array1d<std::vector<NeighborSummary>,
(uint32_t)ColorChannel::NumBlockTypes> num_nonzeros[MAX_NUM_THREADS];
for (unsigned int thread_id = 0; thread_id < NUM_THREADS; ++thread_id) {
bool_encoder[thread_id].init();
for (size_t i = 0; i < num_nonzeros[thread_id].size(); ++i) {
num_nonzeros[thread_id].at(i).resize(colldata->block_width(i) << 1);
}
}
if (this->do_threading()) {
for (unsigned int thread_id = 1; thread_id < NUM_THREADS; ++thread_id) {
this->spin_workers_[thread_id - 1].work
= std::bind(&VP8ComponentEncoder<BoolDecoder>::process_row_range<BoolEncoder>, this,
thread_id,
colldata,
selected_splits[thread_id].luma_y_start,
selected_splits[thread_id].luma_y_end,
&stream[thread_id],
&bool_encoder[thread_id],
&num_nonzeros[thread_id]);
this->spin_workers_[thread_id - 1].activate_work();
}
}
process_row_range(0,
colldata,
selected_splits[0].luma_y_start,
selected_splits[0].luma_y_end,
&stream[0],
&bool_encoder[0],
&num_nonzeros[0]);
if(!this->do_threading()) { // single threading
for (unsigned int thread_id = 1; thread_id < NUM_THREADS; ++thread_id) {
process_row_range(thread_id,
colldata,
selected_splits[thread_id].luma_y_start,
selected_splits[thread_id].luma_y_end,
&stream[thread_id],
&bool_encoder[thread_id],
&num_nonzeros[thread_id]);
}
}
static_assert(MAX_NUM_THREADS * SIMD_WIDTH <= MuxReader::MAX_STREAM_ID,
"Need to have enough mux streams for all threads and simd width");
if (this->do_threading()) {
for (unsigned int thread_id = 1; thread_id < NUM_THREADS; ++thread_id) {
TimingHarness::timing[thread_id][TimingHarness::TS_THREAD_WAIT_STARTED] = TimingHarness::get_time_us();
this->spin_workers_[thread_id - 1].main_wait_for_done();
TimingHarness::timing[thread_id][TimingHarness::TS_THREAD_WAIT_FINISHED] = TimingHarness::get_time_us();
}
}
}
template<class BoolDecoder>
CodingReturnValue VP8ComponentEncoder<BoolDecoder>::vp8_full_encoder(const UncompressedComponents * const colldata,
IOUtil::FileWriter *str_out,
const ThreadHandoff * selected_splits,
unsigned int num_selected_splits,
bool use_ans_encoder)
{
/* cmpc is a global variable with the component count */
using namespace Sirikata;
/* get ready to serialize the blocks */
if (colldata->get_num_components() > (int)BlockType::Y) {
ProbabilityTablesBase::set_quantization_table(BlockType::Y,
colldata->get_quantization_tables(BlockType::Y));
}
if (colldata->get_num_components() > (int)BlockType::Cb) {
ProbabilityTablesBase::set_quantization_table(BlockType::Cb,
colldata->get_quantization_tables(BlockType::Cb));
}
if (colldata->get_num_components() > (int)BlockType::Cr) {
ProbabilityTablesBase::set_quantization_table(BlockType::Cr,
colldata->get_quantization_tables(BlockType::Cr));
}
#ifdef ALLOW_FOUR_COLORS
if (colldata->get_num_components() > (int)BlockType::Ck) {
ProbabilityTablesBase::set_quantization_table(BlockType::Ck,
colldata->get_quantization_tables(BlockType::Ck));
}
#endif
ResizableByteBuffer stream[MuxReader::MAX_STREAM_ID];
if (use_ans_encoder) {
#ifdef ENABLE_ANS_EXPERIMENTAL
ANSBoolWriter bool_encoder[MAX_NUM_THREADS];
this->threaded_encode_inner(colldata,
str_out,
selected_splits,
num_selected_splits,
bool_encoder,
stream);
#else
always_assert(false && "Need to enable ANS compile flag to include ANS");
#endif
} else {
VPXBoolWriter bool_encoder[MAX_NUM_THREADS];
this->threaded_encode_inner(colldata,
str_out,
selected_splits,
num_selected_splits,
bool_encoder,
stream);
}
TimingHarness::timing[0][TimingHarness::TS_STREAM_MULTIPLEX_STARTED] = TimingHarness::get_time_us();
Sirikata::MuxWriter mux_writer(str_out, JpegAllocator<uint8_t>(), ujgversion);
size_t stream_data_offset[MuxReader::MAX_STREAM_ID] = {0};
bool any_written = true;
while (any_written) {
any_written = false;
for (int i = 0; i < MuxReader::MAX_STREAM_ID; ++i) {
if (stream[i].size() > stream_data_offset[i]) {
any_written = true;
size_t max_written = 65536;
if (stream_data_offset[i] == 0) {
max_written = 256;
} else if (stream_data_offset[i] == 256) {
max_written = 4096;
}
auto to_write = std::min(max_written, stream[i].size() - stream_data_offset[i]);
stream_data_offset[i] += mux_writer.Write(i, &(stream[i])[stream_data_offset[i]], to_write).first;
}
}
}
mux_writer.Close();
write_byte_bill(Billing::DELIMITERS, true, mux_writer.getOverhead());
// we can probably exit(0) here
TimingHarness::timing[0][TimingHarness::TS_STREAM_MULTIPLEX_FINISHED] =
TimingHarness::timing[0][TimingHarness::TS_STREAM_FLUSH_STARTED] = TimingHarness::get_time_us();
check_decompression_memory_bound_ok(); // this has to happen before last
// bytes are written
/* possibly write out new probability model */
{
uint32_t out_file_size = str_out->getsize() + 4; // gotta include the final uint32_t
uint32_t file_size = out_file_size;
uint8_t out_buffer[sizeof(out_file_size)] = {};
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < sizeof(out_file_size); ++i) {
out_buffer[i] = out_file_size & 0xff;
out_file_size >>= 8;
}
str_out->Write(out_buffer, sizeof(out_file_size));
write_byte_bill(Billing::HEADER, true, sizeof(out_file_size));
(void)file_size;
always_assert(str_out->getsize() == file_size);
}
if ( model_file_fd >= 0 ) {
const char * msg = "Writing new compression model...\n";
while (write(2, msg, strlen(msg)) < 0 && errno == EINTR){}
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(middle).optimize(this->thread_state_[0]->model_);
std::get<(int)BlockType::Y>(middle).serialize(this->thread_state_[0]->model_, model_file_fd );
}
#ifdef ANNOTATION_ENABLED
{
FILE * fp = fopen("/tmp/lepton.ctx","w");
printContext(fp);
fclose(fp);
}
#endif
TimingHarness::timing[0][TimingHarness::TS_STREAM_FLUSH_FINISHED] = TimingHarness::get_time_us();
return CODING_DONE;
}
template class VP8ComponentEncoder<VPXBoolReader>;
#ifdef ENABLE_ANS_EXPERIMENTAL
template class VP8ComponentEncoder<ANSBoolReader>;
#endif
``` |
Roaring Fires is a 1927 American silent drama film directed by Barry Barringer and starring Roy Stewart, Alice Lake and Lionel Belmore. It is now considered to be a lost film.
Cast
Roy Stewart as David Walker
Alice Lake as Sylvia Summers
Lionel Belmore as John D. Summers
Bert Berkeley as Paddy Flynn
Ray Turner as Dennison de Puyster
Spottiswoode Aitken as Calvert Carter
George Dunning as Tommy - the Crippled Boy
Robert Walker
Culvert Curtis
References
Bibliography
Palmer, Scott. British Film Actors' Credits, 1895-1987. McFarland, 1988.
External links
1927 films
1927 drama films
1920s English-language films
American silent feature films
Silent American drama films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Barry Barringer
1920s American films
English-language drama films |
Germany participated at three editions of the European Games.
Medal table
See also
Germany at the Olympics
References |
```ruby
require 'concurrent/synchronization'
module Concurrent
module Collection
# A thread safe observer set implemented using copy-on-read approach:
# observers are added and removed from a thread safe collection; every time
# a notification is required the internal data structure is copied to
# prevent concurrency issues
#
# @api private
class CopyOnNotifyObserverSet < Synchronization::LockableObject
def initialize
super()
synchronize { ns_initialize }
end
# @!macro observable_add_observer
def add_observer(observer = nil, func = :update, &block)
if observer.nil? && block.nil?
raise ArgumentError, 'should pass observer as a first argument or block'
elsif observer && block
raise ArgumentError.new('cannot provide both an observer and a block')
end
if block
observer = block
func = :call
end
synchronize do
@observers[observer] = func
observer
end
end
# @!macro observable_delete_observer
def delete_observer(observer)
synchronize do
@observers.delete(observer)
observer
end
end
# @!macro observable_delete_observers
def delete_observers
synchronize do
@observers.clear
self
end
end
# @!macro observable_count_observers
def count_observers
synchronize { @observers.count }
end
# Notifies all registered observers with optional args
# @param [Object] args arguments to be passed to each observer
# @return [CopyOnWriteObserverSet] self
def notify_observers(*args, &block)
observers = duplicate_observers
notify_to(observers, *args, &block)
self
end
# Notifies all registered observers with optional args and deletes them.
#
# @param [Object] args arguments to be passed to each observer
# @return [CopyOnWriteObserverSet] self
def notify_and_delete_observers(*args, &block)
observers = duplicate_and_clear_observers
notify_to(observers, *args, &block)
self
end
protected
def ns_initialize
@observers = {}
end
private
def duplicate_and_clear_observers
synchronize do
observers = @observers.dup
@observers.clear
observers
end
end
def duplicate_observers
synchronize { @observers.dup }
end
def notify_to(observers, *args)
raise ArgumentError.new('cannot give arguments and a block') if block_given? && !args.empty?
observers.each do |observer, function|
args = yield if block_given?
observer.send(function, *args)
end
end
end
end
end
``` |
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