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Buddleja subcapitata is a small shrub discovered in 2003 by Liu and Peng in Sichuan, China, growing alongside a road bordering forest in Yanbian County at an elevation of 2,200 m. First described in 2004, this putative species was not included in Leeuwenberg's study of Asiatic and African buddleja published in 1979.
Description
Buddleja subcapitata grows to 1.5 m in height in the wild. The branchlets are quadrangular and densely tomentose, the bark of old branches peeling and often glabrescent. The leaves are lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, 3.5 – 11.0 cm long by 1.1 – 3.1 cm wide, rugose and tomentose above, densely tomentose below. The small terminal inflorescences are erect, compact, capitulum-like panicles comprising many cymes, 1.7 – 2.5 cm long by 1.9 – 2.5 cm wide, with usually two leafy bracts at the base. The lilac flowers are densely packed, the corollas 9 – 10 mm long and densely tomentose outside.
Buddleja subcapitata most closely resembles B. yunnanensis but differs in both flower and leaf morphology.
Cultivation
Buddleja subcapitata is not known to be in cultivation.
References
subcapitata
Flora of China
Flora of Sichuan |
The 4th constituency of Allier was a French legislative constituency in the Allier département. For the June 2012 legislative election, Allier's "entitlement" of seats was reduced from four to three. The 4th constituency was therefore abolished, its constituent cantons being included in a revised 3rd constituency.
Election results
2007
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Gérard Charasse
| style="text-align:left;" | Radical Party of the Left
| PRG
|
| 39.20%
|
| 56.54%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Claude Malhuret
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 40.25%
|
| 43.46%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Sophie Bege
| style="text-align:left;" | Democratic Movement
| MoDem
|
| 4.98%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Pascale Semet
| style="text-align:left;" | Communist
| COM
|
| 4.73%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Louis de Conde
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 4.04%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Daniel Rondepierre
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens
| VEC
|
| 2.15%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Thomas Vacheron
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 1.63%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jacques Mayadoux
| style="text-align:left;" | Movement for France
| MPF
|
| 1.15%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Albert Peyron
| style="text-align:left;" | Ecologist
| ECO
|
| 0.82%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Nadine Picouleau
| style="text-align:left;" | Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions
| CPNT
|
| 0.65%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Monique Roche
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.39%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Marc-Claude de Portebane
| style="text-align:left;" | Miscellaneous Right
| DVD
|
| 0.00%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Louis Vitti
| style="text-align:left;" | Divers
| DIV
|
| 0.00%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.64%
|
| 2.27%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 62.91%
|
| 67.17%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 37.09%
|
| 32.83%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | PRG HOLD
|}
Sources
Official results of French elections from 1998:
Defunct French legislative constituencies
Allier |
Renting, also known as hiring or letting, is an agreement where a payment is made for the use of a good, service or property owned by another over a fixed period of time. To maintain such an agreement, a rental agreement (or lease) is signed to establish the roles and expectations of both the tenant and landlord. There are many different types of leases. The type and terms of a lease are decided by the landlord and agreed upon by the renting tenant.
History
Various types of rent are referenced in Roman law: rent (canon) under the long leasehold tenure of Emphyteusis; rent (reditus) of a farm; ground-rent (solarium); rent of state lands (vectigal); and the annual rent (prensio) payable for the jus superficiarum or right to the perpetual enjoyment of anything built on the surface of land.
Reasons for renting
There are many possible reasons for renting instead of buying, for example:
In many jurisdictions (including India, Spain, Australia, United Kingdom and the United States) rent paid in a trade or business is tax-deductible, whereas rent on a dwelling is not tax-deductible in most jurisdictions.
Financial inadequacy, such as renting a house when one is unable to purchase, i.e "renting by necessity".
Reducing financial risk due to depreciation and transaction costs, especially for real estate which might be needed only for a short amount of time.
When something is needed only temporarily, as in the case of a special tool, a truck or a skip.
When something is needed that may or may not be already owned but is not in proximity for use, such as renting an automobile or bicycle when away on a trip.
Needing a cheaper alternative to buying, such as renting a movie: a person is unwilling to pay the full price for a movie, so they rent it for a lesser price but give up the chance to view it again later.
The tenant may want to leave the burden of upkeep of the property (mowing the lawn, shovelling snow, etc.) to the owner or his agents.
There is no need to worry about lifespan and maintenance.
Renting keeps off-balance-sheet the debt that would burden the balance sheet of a company in case the property would have been bought.
Renting is good for the environment if products are used more efficiently by maximizing utility rather than being disposed of, overproduced and underutilized.
Risks aside, renting has the potential to generate a regular stream of revenue for the owner. The more the churn (the number of times the item is rented out) the higher the income. Eventually, the rental income crosses the product procurement value and every churn post that becomes a profit for the owner
Renting often also becomes an alternate revenue pool for idle inventory vs. overly depending on a stagnant / slowing retailing business environment
Growth of rental industry
Short-term rental of all sorts of products (excluding real estate and holiday apartments) already represents an estimated €108 billion ($160 billion) annual market in Europe and is expected to grow further as the internet makes it easier to find specific items available for rent. According to a poll by YouGov, 76% of people looking to rent would go to the internet first to find what they need; rising to 88% for those aged 25–34.
It has been widely reported that the financial crisis of 2007–2010 may have contributed to the rapid growth of online rental marketplaces, such as erento, as consumers are more likely to consider renting instead of buying in times of financial hardship. Environmental concerns, fast depreciation of goods, and a more transient workforce also mean that consumers are increasingly searching for rentals online.
A 2010 US survey found 27% of renters plan to never buy a home.
Rental investment
Net income received, or losses suffered, by an investor from renting of properties is subject to idiosyncratic risk due to the numerous things that can happen to real property and variable behavior of tenants.
Rental agreements
There is typically an implied, explicit, or written rental agreement or contract involved to specify the terms of the rental, which are regulated and managed under contract law.
Examples include letting out real estate (real property) for the purpose of housing tenure (where the tenant rents a residence to live in), parking space for a vehicle(s), storage space, whole or portions of properties for business, agricultural, institutional, or government use, or other reasons.
When renting real estate, the person(s) or party who lives in or occupies the real estate is often called a tenant, paying rent to the owner of the property, often called a landlord (or landlady). The real estate rented may be all or part of almost any real estate, such as an apartment, house, building, business office(s) or suite, land, farm, or merely an inside or outside space to park a vehicle, or store things all under Real estate law.
The tenancy agreement for real estate is often called a lease, and usually involves specific property rights in real property, as opposed to chattels.
In India, the rental income on property is taxed under the head "income from house property". A deduction of 30% is allowed from total rent which is charged to tax.
The time use of a chattel or other so called "personal property" is covered under general contract law, but the term lease also nowadays extends to long term rental contracts of more expensive non-Real properties such as automobiles, boats, planes, office equipment and so forth. The distinction in that case is long term versus short term rentals. Some non-real properties commonly available for rent or lease are:
motion pictures on VHS or DVD, of audio CDs, of computer programs on CD-ROM.
transport equipment, such as an automobile or a bicycle.
ships and boats, in which case rental is known as chartering, and the rent is known as hire or freight (depending on the type of charter)
aircraft, in which case rental is known as chartering, or leasing if the rental is longer term
specialized tools, such as a chainsaw, laptop, IT equipment or something more substantial, such as a forklift.
large equipment such as cranes, oil rigs and submarines.
a deckchair or beach chair and umbrella.
furniture
designer handbags, jewelry, sunglasses and watches.
Home appliances such as washing machines, refrigerators, televisions, microwave ovens, and air-conditioning units
In various degrees, renting can involve buying services for various amounts of time, such as staying in a hotel, using a computer in an Internet cafe, or riding in a taxicab (some forms of English use the term "hiring" for this activity).
As seen from the examples, some rented goods are used on the spot, but usually they are taken along; to help guarantee that they are brought back, one or more of the following applies:
one shows an identity document
one signs a contract; any damage already present when renting may be noted down to avoid that the renter is blamed for it when the good is returned
one pays a damage deposit (a refundable fee that may be used in part to pay for damage caused by the renter)
If the customer has a credit account with the rental company, they may rent over several months (or years) and will receive a recurring or continuation invoice each rental period until they return the equipment. In this case deposits are rarely required.
In certain types of rental (sometimes known as operated or wet rental) the charge may be calculated by the rental charge + timesheets of operators or drivers supplied by the rental company to operate the equipment. This is particularly relevant for crane rental companies.
Sometimes the risk that the good is kept is reduced by it being a special model or having signs on it that cannot easily be removed, making it obvious that it is owned by the rental company; this is especially effective for goods used in public places, but even when used at home it may help due to social control.
Persons and businesses that regularly rent goods from a particular company generally have an account with that company, which reduces the administrative procedure (transaction costs) on each occasion.
Signing out books from a library could be considered renting when there is a fee per book. However the term lending is more common.
Leasing
Rental of personal property or real property for periods often longer than a year, which is governed by the signing of a lease, is known as leasing. Leasing is usually used for high-value capital equipment, both in business and by consumers. A lease in which the renter benefits from an increase in value of the asset is known as a finance lease. A leasing agreement which is not a finance lease is known as an operating lease. In housing, when a tenant rents an apartment but only pays for their room and the common space is a lease-by-room arrangement.
Rent to own
A rental agreement may provide for the renter or lessee to become the owner of the asset at the end of the rental period, usually at the renter's option on payment of a nominal fee. Such arrangements may be known as
Rent-to-own, a term used in the United States for rental of furniture or appliances. The term is also used in the US for real estate transactions, where the tenant has an option to purchase the property at a fixed price at a specified future time. Such arrangements are also known as lease-option, lease-to-own or lease to purchase option.
Hire purchase, used in the UK and other countries for the purchase of cars, other consumer equipment and business equipment. The term lease-purchase is also used.
Closed-end leasing, used in the US and Canada for the leasing of cars. Unlike in hire purchase, the asset is sold at its residual value at the end of the term, rather than for a nominal amount.
References
Property
Finance |
Besnard is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Armand Besnard
Charlotte Besnard (1854 –1931), born Charlotte Dubray, a French sculptor
David Besnard (born 1977), Australian racing driver
Florent Besnard
Lucien Besnard
Marie Besnard (1896–1980), French poisoner
Paul-Albert Besnard (1849–1934), French painter
Philippe Besnard (1885-1971), French sculptor
Pierre Besnard
René Besnard
Wladimir Besnard (1890-1960), French biologist and oceanographer
See also
Benard
French-language surnames
nl:Besnard |
Mewa Singhwala is a village in Sultanpur Lodhi tehsil in Kapurthala district of Punjab, India. It is located from the city of Sultanpur Lodhi, away from district headquarter Kapurthala. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch who is an elected representative of village as per the constitution of India and Panchayati raj (India).
References
List of cities near the village
Bhulath
Kapurthala
Phagwara
Sultanpur Lodhi
Air travel connectivity
The closest International airport to the village is Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport.
External links
Villages in Kapurthala
List of Villages in Kapurthala Tehsil
Villages in Kapurthala district |
Oxymeris trochlea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.
Description
The size of an adult shell varies between 40 mm and 79 mm.
Distribution
This species is found in the Pacific Ocean off the Marquesas Islands.
References
Bratcher, T., 1969. Rediscovery of Terebra cochlea Deshayes. The Veliger 11(4): 334-335
Bratcher T. & Cernohorsky W.O. (1987). Living terebras of the world. A monograph of the recent Terebridae of the world. American Malacologists, Melbourne, Florida & Burlington, Massachusetts. 240pp
Terryn Y. (2007). Terebridae: A Collectors Guide. Conchbooks & NaturalArt. 59pp + plates
External links
Deshayes, G. P. (1857). Description d'espèces nouvelles du genre Terebra. Journal de Conchyliologie. 6 (1): 65-102
Fedosov, A. E.; Malcolm, G.; Terryn, Y.; Gorson, J.; Modica, M. V.; Holford, M.; Puillandre, N. (2020). Phylogenetic classification of the family Terebridae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea). Journal of Molluscan Studies. 85(4): 359-388
Terebridae
Gastropods described in 1857 |
Misvær Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Bodø Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is located in the village of Misvær in the southern part of the municipality (in what used to be the municipality of Skjerstad). It is one of two churches for the Misvær og Skjerstad parish which is part of the Bodø domprosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Sør-Hålogaland. The white, wooden church was built in a long church style in 1912 using plans drawn up by the architect O.M. Olsen. The church seats about 200 people.
History
There was a medieval church located in Misvær on the same site. It was a small chapel that was used for church services mostly in the winters when the local residents couldn't travel to the larger Skjerstad Church when the Misværfjord was frozen. The church existed until 1720 when it was torn down and not replaced. In 1912, the new, present church was completed on the same site to serve the growing population in Misvær. The new building was consecrated on 31 October 1912.
Media gallery
See also
List of churches in Sør-Hålogaland
References
Churches in Bodø
Churches in Nordland
Wooden churches in Norway
20th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1912
1912 establishments in Norway
Long churches in Norway |
Forced induction in motorcycles is the application of forced induction (turbochargers or superchargers) to a motorcycle engine. Special automotive engineering and human factors considerations exist for the application of forced induction with motorcycles, compared to other forms of motorized transportation.
Forced induction in production motorcycles
Prior to the late 2010s, forced induction was only used on a handful of production motorcycles, all from Japanese Big Four manufacturers in the early 1980s.
Honda 1982 CX 500 Turbo / 1983 650 Turbo
Yamaha 1982-1983 XJ 650 Seca Turbo
Suzuki 1983 XN 85 Turbo
Kawasaki 1983-1985 GPZ750 Turbo
Honda CX650 Turbo had a 674 CC, 100 BHP V-twin engine. It is contestably the best forced induction production bike of the 1980s from any Japanese manufacturer. The 1983 model Honda CX650 Turbos had solved the lag problems that earlier models like the CX500 Turbo had encountered. To rectify turbo lags capacity and compression ratio was raised from 7.2:1 to 7.8:1.
Additionally, in 1978 Kawasaki offered the Z1R-TC, a semi-production model built by Turbo Cycle Corporation and sold through Kawasaki dealers. This is generally considered to be the first Japanese turbocharged motorcycle.
The Honda, Kawasaki and Suzuki bikes were all listed on a State Farm insurance "blacklist" published by American Motorcyclist in 1989.
21st century
A scooter with a supercharger, the Peugeot JetForce Compressor, was available in late 2003.
Kawasaki confirmed it would be re-entering the market with the supercharged Kawasaki Ninja H2, announced in October, 2014. This was followed by the H2 SX SE sports tourer, and for 2020 Kawasaki announced a new naked model, designated Z H2.
Engineering and usability challenges
Designers have been able to address packaging issues and fit turbochargers even in fully faired motorcycles.
Turbo lag was noted as a problem with all four Japanese turbos of the 1980s by several critics. Motorcycle engineering expert and journalist Kevin Cameron has said that turbo lag is a critical problem with turbocharger applications on motorcycles: "[U]nless you are a pure drag racer, most of your riding will be off-boost. The lower your compression ratio, the less snap your bike will have...don't expect your turbo bike to be much use in sportbike-type canyon racing." Using a variable-geometry turbocharger can mitigate turbo lag, but has not yet been used in series production (the first mass market application was to late 1980s automobiles; see Variable-geometry turbocharger#History).
Writer Mick Walker has listed turbo lag along with other challenges like a higher center of gravity and heat transfer to rider due to turbocharger and associated exhaust plumbing. Bennett noted excessive weight and complexity in addition to weak bottom-end performance.
The German magazine Motorrad said in 2014, that a turbocharger would probably never be practical on mass market motorcycles due to cost of high-tech materials able to withstand the high temperatures of a variable geometry turbocharger, plus weight and space considerations, though they left the door open for a good supercharged solution.
Emissions
Emissions considerations, driven in particular by carbon dioxide limits in the European emission standards, are leading motorcycle manufacturers in the 2010s to reconsider applications of forced induction.
In racing
In road racing, superchargers were not uncommon in the 1930s, and machines originally built for road racing also set many land speed records (see the list below for examples). Motorcycle racing in Europe went through a hiatus during the 1940s as World War II and its aftermath, and racing only restarted in 1946. That same year, forced induction was banned from road racing by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme (FIM), effectively relegating it to specialized forms of racing and speed record runs, discussed further below. Rules from the FIM and other sanctioning bodies cover aspects of motorcycle design as diverse as motorcycle fairing coverage, gasoline direct injection, and the use of dual-clutch transmissions, and may influence street bike design by setting public expectations.
Drag racing
Specialized motorcycles used in drag racing, called dragbikes, are an application for forced induction, including nitrous oxide and multistage turbochargers. The first dragbike to run the quarter-mile in under 7 seconds was using a Roots-type supercharger.
Motorcycle clubs
At least one motorcycle club, Turbo Motorcycle International Owners Association, has been formed to support turbo motorcycle enthusiasts.
Notable prototypes and record setters
BMW WR 750, supercharged boxer twin, set several Motorcycle land speed records 1930–1935
BMW Type 255 RS 500, supercharged boxer twin, ridden by Georg Meier to first Isle of Man TT win by non-Briton in 1939; auctioned in 2014 for the second-highest price ever for a motorcycle
Gilera Rondine, 4-cylinder DOHC, supercharged, Piero Taruffi set land speed record with it in 1937
Fritz Egli's turbo Kawasaki, covered in August 1988 Cycle as "world's fastest?"
Bill Warner's 300+ mph turbo Hayabusa, set speed record for non-enclosed bike in 2011. Warner crashed it in 2013, resulting in his death.
Cabin motorcycles:
Peraves Ecomobile, available with turbocharged BMW K1200 inline-four engine; "the only motorcycle to enter long-term production"
Motorcycle land speed record streamliners:
Ernst Jakob Henne's BMW RS 500-based streamliner "The Egg", set record in 1937 that stood 14 years; integral supercharger
NSU Delphin III, set record in 1956; rotary supercharger
Lightning Bolt, Don Vesco's streamliner, set record in 1978 that stood 12 years; twin turbo (2×inline-four engines)
BUB Seven streamliner, set speed records in 2006 and 2009; turbo V-4 engine
Ack Attack, has held speed record since 2013; more than twin turbo (2×inline-four engines)
Castrol Rocket, more than quad turbo (2×straight-three engines)
Guy Martin's Pikes Peak Hillclimb GSX-R 1100 turbo, more than
Neander Motors diesel; / twin turbo parallel twin turbo-diesel
Patrik Fürstenhoff's (aka "Ghost Rider") Guinness World Record turbo Suzuki Hayabusa – first documented wheelie over ; c. inline-four
Suzuki Recursion concept motorcycle; turbo intercooled straight-twin
Kawasaki's Team 38 racing team using a Ninja H2 at Bonneville Speedway recorded a 211.621 mph speed on the first pass on August 14 2018 and a return speed of 207.263 mph on August 15 to score a combined average of 209.442 mph. This was a record for the Southern California Timing Association (SCTA) P-PB 1000 class for stock under-1,000 cc displacement production supercharged motorcycles.
Notes
References
Books
Periodicals
(Originally published in Café Racer magazine 'Speed' special issue)
Further reading
Motorcycle engines |
Nevy-sur-Seille (, literally Nevy on Seille) is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Jura department
References
Communes of Jura (department) |
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Henry Buckingham Witton (October 21, 1831 – November 8, 1921) was an Ontario painter and political figure. He represented Hamilton in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1874. He ran as a Conservative Labour candidate, but took his seat as a straight Conservative member following his election in 1872.
Witton was born in South Lopham, Norfolk, England and was educated there as well. In 1860, he married M.A. Palmer. He worked as a master painter at the Great Western Railway Shops in Hamilton, Ontario. Witton ran unsuccessfully for the federal seat in 1874 and 1875 as a Conservative Labour member. Witton was appointed inspector of canals in 1879, and served in that post until 1890. He died in Hamilton at the age of 90.
References
External links
1831 births
1921 deaths
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario |
The 1977–78 St. Bonaventure Brown Indians men's basketball team represented St. Bonaventure University during the 1977–78 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Brown Indians were independent and not a member of a conference. They were led by ninth year head coach Jim Satalin. St. Bonaventure advanced to the NCAA tournament where they fell to Penn in the opening round.
Roster
Schedule/results
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| NCAA tournament
References
St. Bonaventure
St. Bonaventure Bonnies men's basketball seasons
St. Bonaventure
St. Bonaventure Brown Indians men's basketball
St. Bonaventure Brown Indians men's basketball |
Kang Sun-nam (, ) is a North Korean politician and general who is currently the minister of Defence. He is also a member of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) and a member of the 8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
He was previously the director of the Civil Defense Department of the Workers' Party of Korea which oversees the Worker-Peasant Red Guards. He has held positions such as Deputy Minister of the People's Armed Forces and Commander of the 671st Grand Combined Unit.
Biography
His birthplace and date of birth are unknown. He was first elected as a member of the funeral committee for Marshal Lee Ul-sol, who died on November 7, 2015. On December 24 of the same year, he participated in the joint operation training of the Grand Combined Forces as the commander of the 671st Combined Force.
At the 7th Congress of the WPK held on May 9, 2016, he was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, and although the timing of his appointment is unknown, he became Vice Minister of People's Armed Forces. On July 25, 2017, he attended the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army of China at the Chinese Embassy in North Korea and met with Chinese Ambassador Li Jinjun.
He was elected as a delegate in the election of delegates to the 14th Supreme People's Assembly held on March 10, 2019. He was elected as a member of the 8th Central Committee at the 8th Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea held from January 5, 2021, and at the 1st Plenary meeting of the 8th Central Committee of the Party held on January 10, the Workers' Party of Korea He was elected as a member of the 8th Central Military Commission and the Director of the Munition Industry Department of the Central Committee.
On September 9, 2021, at the military parade celebrating the 73rd anniversary of the founding of the country, it was confirmed that he was appointed director of the Civil Defense department of the WPK.
On April 14, 2022, he was promoted to general by order of the Central Military Commission. In August that year he made a report to the 6th meeting of the Workers' Peasants Red Guard.
On 1 January 2023, during a plenary session of the WPK, Kang was appointed as the minister of Defence.
In July 2023, Russian Defense Sergei Shoigu arrived in North Korea for the 70th anniversary of the end of the Korean War. He met with Kang Sun-nam and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un. During the meeting, Shoigu praised the North Korean army as the "most powerful" in the world.
Awards and honors
During the February 8 2023 parade, Kang could be seen wearing all decorations awarded to him.
References
North Korean generals
North Korean politicians
Members of the Supreme People's Assembly
8th Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Recipients of the Order of Kim Il Sung |
Brendan Connell (born 1970) is an American author and translator. Though his work often falls into the horror and fantasy genres, it has also often been called unclassifiable and avant-garde. His style has been compared to that of J.K. Huysmans and Angela Carter. Some of his shorter fiction, such as that contained in his collection Metrophilias, has been referred to as prose poetry.
Influences he has cited include Balzac and Ponson du Terrail. He has also written many lyrics for the Serbian band Kodagain.
Bibliography
Novels
The Translation of Father Torturo, Prime Books, 2005
The Architect, PS Publishing, 2012
Miss Homicide Plays the Flute, Eibonvale Press, 2013
The Cutest Girl in Class, Snuggly Books, 2013
The Galaxy Club, Chomu Press, 2014
Cannibals of West Papua, Zagava, 2015
Clark, Snuggly Books, 2016
The Heel, Snuggly Books, 2017
Unofficial History of Pi Wei, Snuggly Books, 2018
The Metapheromenoi, Snuggly Books, 2020
Against the Grain Again: The Further Adventures of Des Esseintes, Tartarus Press, 2021
Heqet, Egaeus Press, 2022
Collections
Metrophilias, Better Non Sequitur, 2010
Unpleasant Tales, Eibonvale Press, 2010
The Life of Polycrates and Other Stories for Antiquated Children, Chomu Press, 2011
Lives of Notorious Cooks, Chomu Press, 2012
The Metanatural Adventures of Dr. Black, PS Publishing, 2014
Jottings from a Far Away Place, Snuggly Books, 2015
Pleasant Tales, Eibonvale Press, 2017
Translations
Requiems and Nightmares, by Guido Gozzano, Hieroglyphic Press, 2012 (translated together with Anna Fonti Connell)
Anthologies edited
The Neo-Decadent Cookbook, Eibonvale Press, 2020 (edited together with Justin Isis)
The World in Violet: An Anthology of English Decadent Poetry, Snuggly Books, 2022
Interviews
Brendan Connell Interview (Weird Fiction Review, September 2012)
Brendan Connell Interview (Rising Shadow, March 2014)
Brendan Connell Interview (Porta VIII, January 2015)
Brendan Connell Interview (Cultured Vultures, February 2016)
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
American horror writers
American speculative fiction critics
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
Postmodern writers
American short story writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
Weird fiction writers |
Jean-Marc Janaillac (born 26 April 1953) is a French businessman best known for being a former CEO of Air France–KLM.
Early life and education
Janaillac was born on 26 April 1953 in Saint-Sulpice-de-Roumagnac, a village in the Dordogne department, in southwest France.
Janaillac holds a licence in law. He graduated from HEC Paris in 1975 and the École nationale d'administration – a graduate school entrusted with the selection and initial training of senior French officials – in 1980.
Career
Career in public servive
From 1980 to 1983, Janaillac was chief of staff for the prefects of Finistère (Brittany in western France) and then Val-d'Oise (Île-de-France).
From 1983 to 1984, he was head of staff for the Secretary of State for Tourism.
From 1984 to 1987, he served as general manager of the French Tourist Office in New York.
Career in the private sector
Janaillac spent ten years from 1987 to 1997 as general manager of Maison de la France, an economic interest grouping created to promote tourism in France. During this time span, he was also an Air France board member (from 1989 to 1994).
He then joined AOM French Airlines and served from 1997 to 2000, first as executive vice-president then as chief operating officer.
From 2000 to 2002, he was chairman and chief executive officer of Maeva, a vacation residence company belonging to the Pierre & Vacances group.
He then served from 2002 to 2004 as chairman of the Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau.
In 2004, he joined the RATP Group first as chief officer for development then as chairman of RATP Development.
On 3 December 2012 Janaillac was made chairman and chief executive officer of Transdev and a board member of Caisse des dépôts et consignations, a French financial organization and Transdev's parent company.
Air France-KLM, 2016–2018
In May 2016 Janaillac was selected as the next CEO of Air France–KLM, following the resignation of Alexandre de Juniac.
The company had a good year in 2017 but a difficult first quarter in 2018 and staff and management were again locked in a dispute over pay increases starting in February 2018. Janaillac proposed a 7% wage increase over 4 years instead of the immediate 6% requested by the unions and, in order to obtain direct approval from the staff, asked for vote, warning that he would resign if his offer was rejected. He resigned on 4 May 2018, after 55% of the airline's staff rejected the offer. On 15 May Frédéric Gagey was named interim CEO.
Other activities
Caisse des dépôts et consignations, Member of the Supervisory Board
References
External links
Executive profile on the Bloomberg site
Resume (in French) on the Le Monde site
1953 births
Living people
People from Dordogne
Collège Stanislas de Paris alumni
HEC Paris alumni
École nationale d'administration alumni
Officers of the Legion of Honour
French chief executives
French airline chief executives
Air France–KLM |
Lake Nooney is located in Glacier National Park, in the U. S. state of Montana. The lake is east of Mount Custer and west of Lake Wurdeman. The Herbst Glacier is located above the lake to the northwest. Rock flour (silt) from melting glaciers make the lake appear opaque turquoise in color.
See also
List of lakes in Glacier County, Montana
References
Nooney
Nooney |
Henry Lyell (1665–1731) was a businessman born in Sweden who settled in London. He was a director of the East India Company from 1710–1730 and served as Deputy Chairman of the company 1716–18, then as Chairman, 1718–1719, 1721–22, Deputy Chair again from 1725–26 and Chair again 1726–27.
Henry was the son of Henrik Patriksson Lyell (1627–1710) from Arbroath, Scotland and Judith Rokes (1647–1705) from Lübeck.
References
1665 births
1731 deaths
Directors of the British East India Company
Swedish emigrants to England
Businesspeople from London |
Anatole Collinet Makosso's government has governed the Republic of the Congo since 15 May 2021.
Ministers
References
See also
Cabinet of the Republic of the Congo
Government of the Republic of the Congo
Current governments
Cabinets established in 2021
2021 establishments in Africa
2020s in the Republic of the Congo
Current governments in Africa |
Lella Kmar (1862 – 31 December 1942) was the queen consort of Tunisia during three reigns, after having successively married three beys of Tunisia: Muhammad III Sadiq, Ali III and Muhammad V Nasir, and despite this, she did not have children.
Early life (1862–1875)
The Ottoman custom was to allocate a wing for female servants, concubines, or captives bought from slave markets, or captured in wars and invasions, or to presented as gifts. This is what happened with Lella Kmar of the Circassian origin who was born in the Ottoman Imperial Harem in 1862 and was given by the Ottoman Sultan, Abdul Hamid II to the Bey of Tunis in that period Muhammad III Sadiq and that was around 1875.
Coming to Tunisia and first reign (1875–1882)
After she came to Tunisia and was placed on the list of female odalisques, she married nearly two years later from Muhammad III Sadiq in 1877 and lived with him for five years in a somewhat parental relationship because he was about 50 years older than her until his death in the year 1882 and that after he signed on the Bardo Treaty that established the French protectorate in Tunisia.
Second reign (1883–1902)
After the death of Muhammad III, his brother, the new bey (Ali III), ordered to transfer her from Ksar Said Palace to his palace in La Marsa, so she married Ali III, the crown prince of her ex-husband in 1883. She was then twenty years old in that period. This marriage lasted for twenty years, in which she managed to increase her role in the affairs of the state, as she advised her husband in political affairs, especially that Tunisia during that period had fallen in French colonialism and it is said that the Bey admired her intelligence, acumen and speed of her intuition, which made her interfere in many appointments inside the state until her marriage ended for the second time, with the death of Ali III on 11 June 1902.
Isolation and straying from power (1902–1906)
After her widowhood, Lella Kmar was treated badly under the sight of the new Bey, her stepson Muhammad IV Hadi, who was the son of her second husband, Ali III. Muhammad IV removed her from La Marsa Palace, so she went to live in a small apartment, even her visit was forbidden. This situation lasted for four years until the death of the Bey in 1906.
Third reign (1906–1922)
After Muhammad V Nasir's ascension to the throne in 1906, she was rehabilitated until the latter married her in 1908.
In his reign, she became the undisputed ruler of the palace, as the Bey was interested in her, and he issued an official decree affirming her protection and ceasing to harm her and not infringing on her and her rights. He also allocated a salary for her and challenged a list of all her expenses.
This power enabled her to establish relationships with personalities outside the royal palace in Tunisia, during that time she met Princess Nazli Fazil, who is a descendant of the dynasty of Muhammad Ali of Egypt (Royal Family of Egypt) and the wife of Khelil Bouhageb who will become the Prime minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia. Lella Kmar was eager to know her after what Nasir Bey told her about when he saw her for the first time during the reception she and her husband held to celebrate the arrival of Muhammad Abduh to Tunisia in 1903.
But what Muhammad V did most to honor his wife was her dedication of the Essaada Palace in La Marsa that he specifically built for her between 1914 and 1915, that is, in the midst of the First World War.
Just as Lella Kmar was the center of the advice of Ali III, the situation was with Muhammad V, and this situation continued until his death on 8 July 1922 and she was around 60 years old at the time.
Later life (1922–1942)
After the death of her third husband and his cousins Muhammad VI Habib and Ahmad II assumed the throne, she retracted a little from rule, but she had taken all her rights thanks to what was issued by Muhammad V in addition to that she lived in her palace, which he built for her as he was over her property and was not on the list of properties of the Bey.
Since she had no children from her husbands, she raised Chedly Haidar, the child of another odalisque. Haydar, the last Mayor of Tunis under the Husainid dynasty, inherited and occupied the Essaada Palace until 1953, when he gave it to the Tunisian State.
After the death of Ahmad II, her stepson, Muhammad VII Munsif (son of Muhammad V Nasir), assumed the throne, and the latter was unlike her other stepson, Muhammad IV Hadi, when respect was due to her and she was 80 years old at the time. It is said that the coronation of Muhammad VII took place inside the bedroom of Lella Kmar in the Esaada Palace instead of the Bardo Palace officially. This is because Lella Kmar was his father's wife who raised him since his childhood so she had ordered to crown him in her room due to her health condition and was unable to move to Bardo.
Weeks later, she died on the night of December 30, 1942, and was buried in Tourbet Al Haydar in the Jellaz Cemetery the next day.
See also
Bey of Tunis
Lalla Beya
Beylik of Tunis
Kingdom of Tunisia
First Lady of Tunisia
External links
References
1862 births
1942 deaths
Tunisian royalty
Tunisian people of Circassian descent
20th-century Tunisian people
People from the Ottoman Empire |
Caulerpa cactoides is a species of seaweed in the Caulerpaceae family.
It is found along the coast in a large area extending from near Exmouth in the northern Gascoyne region to east of Esperance in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia.
References
cactoides
Species described in 1817 |
KRI Teluk Ende (517) is the sixth of the Indonesian Navy.
Design
The ship has a length of , a beam of , with a draught of and her displacement is at full load. She was powered by two diesel engines, with total sustained power output of distributed in two shaft. Teluk Banten has a speed of , with range of while cruising at .
Teluk Banten has a capacity of 200 troops, of cargo (which includes 17 main battle tanks), and 2 LCVPs on davits. The ship has a complement of 90 personnel, including 13 officers. Teluk Banten is a command ship variant of the class and has distinguishing features such as the LCVP davits located forward of the bridge and the exhaust vents above the waterlines instead of funnels found on the other ships.
She were armed with two single Bofors 40 mm L/70 guns, two single Rheinmettal 20 mm autocannons, and two single DShK 12.7 mm heavy machine guns.
The ship has hangar facility and helicopter deck in the aft with provisions for up to 3 Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma helicopters.
Construction and commissioning
Teluk Ende was built by Korea Tacoma Shipyard in Masan, ordered in June 1981. She was commissioned on 1 September 1982.
She was docked at the Trisakti Harbor pier on 15 October 2019, at 15.00 WITA for 3 days until 17 October 2019. The mission of this visit was to provide education and share experiences from AAL cadets on visits to schools. With the agenda of the visit, it was hoped that it will increase the motivation of the younger generation who have graduated from school in Banau, South Kalimantan so that they want to work and devote themselves to being Navy soldiers.
She carried hundreds of Navy level II cadets leaning against the port of Tanjung Bara, Sangatta, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province on 20 October 2019. On this mission, she took the cadets to carry out socialization in schools in the East Kutai Regency area.
She brought clean water assistance to Sapudi Island, Madura and docked at the Sapudi Island pier on 4 November 2019. The long dry season caused drought and made residents on Sapudi Island experience a clean water crisis, making it difficult for them to meet their daily needs. The dry conditions moved Koarmada II in collaboration with the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of East Java to provide clean water assistance. In this mission, she brought members of the Sumenep Drought Disaster Management Task Force consisting of personnel from the Joint Fleet Task Force, Lantamal V and Lanal Batuporon, 1 SST Yonmarhanlan, East Java BPBD, Tagana and Satpol PP, which amounted to approximately 200 people, brought 2 units of material. The Bromo and Tambora Tug Boats as well as 1 unit of fresh water barge from Lantamal V, carried 3,000 - 5,000 jerry cans of clean water, each containing 25 liters of water, carrying three East Java BPDB water tankers, each carrying 50,000 liters of clean water.
Gallery
References
Bibliography
Ships built by Hanjin Heavy Industries
Amphibious warfare vessels of the Indonesian Navy
Teluk Semangka-class tank landing ships
1982 ships |
Ameryst Alston (born 20 June 1995) is American professional basketball player. She played college basketball for Ohio State University before being selected by the New York Liberty in the 2016 WNBA draft where she played from 2016 to 2017.
High school career
Alston played for Canton McKinley High School in Canton, Ohio.
College career
After graduating from Canton McKinley, Alston played college basketball for Ohio State University from 2012 to 2016. She was a three-time All-Big Ten First Team selection and scored 2,165 points over her four year career.
Professional career
Alston was selected by the New York Liberty with the 24th pick in the 2016 WNBA draft and appeared in one game during the 2016 season before being waived when veteran Swin Cash re-signed with New York. She later signed with Spanish club Al-Qazeres Extremadura where she averaged 16.1 points, 3.1 rebounds and 2.6 assists per game during the 2016–2017 season.
In April 2018, Alston signed a training camp contract with the Chicago Sky. She was waived by the Sky a month later before the start of the season.
After playing in the SB League for BC Winterthur during the 2020–2021 season, Alston signed with reigning Icelandic champions Valur in August 2021. In 27 games, she averaged 26.0 points, 9.1 rebounds and league leading 6.6 assists per game.
In September 2022, Alston signed with Elazığ İl Özel İdarespor of the Turkish second-tier TKBL.
References
External links
Swiss statistics at swiss.basketball
Spanish statistics at lebplata.es
Ohio State Buckeyes bio
Icelandic statistics at Icelandic Basketball Association
1995 births
Living people
American women's basketball players
Basketball players from Ohio
New York Liberty draft picks
New York Liberty players
Ohio State Buckeyes women's basketball players
Point guards
Úrvalsdeild kvenna (basketball) players
Valur women's basketball players |
```xml
// *** WARNING: this file was generated by test. ***
// *** Do not edit by hand unless you're certain you know what you are doing! ***
// Export sub-modules:
import * as tree from "./tree";
export {
tree,
};
export const CloudAuditOptionsLogName = {
/**
* Default. Should not be used.
*/
UnspecifiedLogName: "UNSPECIFIED_LOG_NAME",
/**
* Corresponds to "cloudaudit.googleapis.com/activity"
*/
AdminActivity: "ADMIN_ACTIVITY",
/**
* Corresponds to "cloudaudit.googleapis.com/data_access"
*/
DataAccess: "DATA_ACCESS",
/**
* What if triple quotes """ are used in the description
*/
Synthetic: "SYNTHETIC",
} as const;
/**
* The log_name to populate in the Cloud Audit Record. This is added to regress pulumi/pulumi issue #7913
*/
export type CloudAuditOptionsLogName = (typeof CloudAuditOptionsLogName)[keyof typeof CloudAuditOptionsLogName];
export const ContainerBrightness = {
ZeroPointOne: 0.1,
One: 1,
} as const;
export type ContainerBrightness = (typeof ContainerBrightness)[keyof typeof ContainerBrightness];
export const ContainerColor = {
Red: "red",
Blue: "blue",
Yellow: "yellow",
} as const;
/**
* plant container colors
*/
export type ContainerColor = (typeof ContainerColor)[keyof typeof ContainerColor];
export const ContainerSize = {
FourInch: 4,
SixInch: 6,
/**
* @deprecated Eight inch pots are no longer supported.
*/
EightInch: 8,
} as const;
/**
* plant container sizes
*/
export type ContainerSize = (typeof ContainerSize)[keyof typeof ContainerSize];
``` |
The Jeebropilly Mine is an open pit coal mine in the Moreton Basin near Amberley in South East Queensland. The mine is owned by New Hope Coal.
The mine ceased operations after 25 years of extraction in February 2007. The mine's closure left one operating mine in Ipswich. To offset the loss of production from Jeebropilly Mine, New Hope expanded mining at the New Acland Mine. The coal-washing plant at Jeebropilly continued to operate so that coal from New Oakleigh Mine could be processed.
The mine was recommissioned in 2008 due to high export prices for coal.
See also
Coal Mining in Australia
References
Coal mines in Queensland
Surface mines in Australia
South East Queensland |
Mount Gannett is a peak in the Chugach Mountains of eastern Alaska, United States, located east of the city of Anchorage. It was named by Lawrence Martin of the U.S. Geological Survey in 1911 for Henry Gannett. One arm of the Knik Glacier flows from the ice fields of Mount Gannett's north and east slopes, and the Colony Glacier rises on the west and southwest slopes, flowing into Inner Lake George. In between, the Gannett Glacier flows down a narrow valley northwest of the summit to join the Knik Glacier. The mountain has an estimated topographic prominence of .
1952 military transport plane crash
On November 22, 1952, a United States Air Force Douglas C-124 Globemaster II military transport aircraft crashed high on the southern slopes of the mountain. All of the 52 people on board were killed. Remains of the plane and the crash victims began to appear at the foot of the Colony Glacier in 2012.
References
Mountains of Alaska
Landforms of Chugach Census Area, Alaska
Mountains of Unorganized Borough, Alaska |
Diego Montoya (born ) is an American visual artist and fashion designer. He works with recycled materials, creating “larger-than-life”, “innovative”, and “subversive” installations and costumes for galleries, stores, and queer performers.
Early life and education
Diego Montoya was born in Lima, Peru. His family immigrated to the Little Haiti neighborhood in Miami, Florida when he was ten, and when he was fifteen he started going to the city's drag shows.
In college, at Florida State University, he studied fashion design and fine art; he found himself sketching drag queens and club kids. He chose as his muse during this period, performance artist and actress Amanda Lepore, “She was all over my storyboards.” Montoya gained experience designing for performers in school working with the college's circus, including his acrobat boyfriend; it “helped hone an aesthetic based on ‘savage beauty.’" After graduating in 2004, he moved to New York City.
Career
Early career: 2004-late 2000s
Montoya notes drag as a queer art form, “In sensibility, in approach, in its imagination: This is queer art.” He cites as an early inspiration the 1981 wedding dress of Princess Diana (designed by David Emanuel and Elizabeth Emanuel). “It was so obnoxious and beautiful to me.” He was also inspired by the joyfulness of John Galliano, and the darkness of Alexander McQueen. Montoya found the drag scene in New York City stale in the mid-2000s, moving there in 2004, until the Brooklyn area started transforming with what he characterized as a “more deconstructed” and experimental voice. For his own outfits he wore custom onesies made of spandex “to take some pressure off myself by creating playful and maybe a little ridiculous aliases.” He wore them exclusively for his first four years in the city, later shooting a series called Gay Superheroes, with them as the basis. He says it was also dangerous to go out in drag during these times, but was mixing and collaborating with “amazing queer performers.”
Initially when he moved to New York City, he worked in fashion for several years while freelancing in costume design. One costuming project was for Clara's Nutcracker, a re-imagined abstraction of The Nutcracker from the protagonist's perspective “at age 6, 20, 40, 80 all happening at the same time performed at this former glass factory in Queens.” The piece was from two friends, writer/director Josh William Gelb, and choreographed by Katie Rose McLaughlin. He took a fluid approach with all four Claras in all white contrasted to the industrial surroundings.
Installation art: late 2000s-mid 2010s
In the late 2000s he was hired full-time designing window displays. The shift got him thinking about designing “more conceptually about spacial design and environments.” He started doing nightlife event art installations which led to site-specific art installations. He works with recycled materials creating “larger-than-life,” “innovative, and subversive” installations and costumes for galleries, stores and “queer performers.”
He cites this period as having the most growth artistically; taking weeks to construct, they were in “massive warehouses or abandoned theaters” and were usually collaborative efforts. He was the design director for the MIXNYC Queer Experimental Film Festival from 2010 to 2015, producing entire spaces. He first attended MIXNYC in 2006 and got more networked and involved; he designed a t-shirt for the 2008 festival, staff uniforms for 2009, and was asked to design the space starting in 2010. He either staged his installations at home, where he had a sewing station, or had a temporary space. There would be a frenzy to complete everything in place, it was open to the public for a week, then taken apart. He worked on a series in the mid-2010s, Future Rituals, merging costume design and environment art, “to make interactive vignettes.” According to Carnegie Mellon University’s Art School, Montoya “creates hyper visual pieces that are both opulent and bizarre exploring themes of ritual and subcultural.” For several seasons Montoya had his own fashion line with pieces at the Leslie-Lohman Prince Street Project Space.
In December 2015 he presented as part of “Superfine! House of Art and Design" at Art Basel Miami with "Ascend With You," a 3,000-square-foot hanging sculpture piece. Montoya said of returning to his neighborhood, "Miami specifically is super-kitsch...It’s all pastel colors and neon, and that kind of playfulness is definitely in my work.” In May 2016 Montoya won Best Visual Artist at the Brooklyn Nightlife Awards. As of October 2018, Montoya has done art installations at Leslie-Lohman Museum, Abrons Arts Center, Same Art Museum, 29Rooms LA, and Art Basel Miami.
Collaboration with Sasha Velour for RuPaul’s Drag Race
In late 2016, a “popular Brooklyn queen,” Sasha Velour, contacted Montoya to create some couture for an unnamed purpose, which turned out to be the ninth season of RuPaul’s Drag Race (RPDR), the show started airing in March 2017 with Montoya's designs as her entrance look. Velour had fallen in love with Montoya's headpieces and masks that he would post on Instagram. Montoya says, "I'm obsessed with things that are beautiful but in an aggressive way," noting many of his pieces are heavily ornamented. "It's just what I'm naturally drawn to. I identify as a queer artist, and I think a lot of that visibility is campy and has a lot of things that I love, but is also aggressive." Montoya builds on the character or persona a queen has created and designs with that in mind. Vice noted Velour as a perfect muse for Montoya as she has a reputation for more cerebral drag— “taking the history of the genre and pulling it apart to reconstruct and move it forward”.
For the finale, Velour contacted Montoya again, and they collaborated to create a red carpet entrance look, as well as an outfit for the competition performance. The entrance look was a “cobalt gown with a corresponding Queen Elizabeth-esque ruff” based on Francis Ford Coppola’s 1991 film Dracula’s character Lucy Westerna, a vivacious beautiful young woman who falls victim to Count Dracula. They had intended for shades of regal vampire red but had to change to colors that would not blend in with the theater’s background. Later Velour would have Montoya deconstruct it and rework it “for a queen on the go.”
For the performance they created an “ornate and beautiful,” but "kinda scary" white dress she wore for the winning performance. Her ensemble included Montoya's tearaway and pearl “felt, lace, and hand-beaded mask held together by magnets that she cracked open like an egg to reveal her face.” They attempted a futuristic egg effect as Velour had been called the Fabergé egg queen, it covered her entire head. According to MTV News, Velour's “more baroque, performance art-inspired drag that had long existed off the show” was put on equal footing with more popular “campy or Insta[gram]-glamorous” drag forms. The finale set a ratings record for VH1. Out’s Coco Romack stated “without a doubt, [Velour will] go down in herstory as one of the most fashion-forward competitors” the series has seen.
For Montoya, the finale outfit and performance brought in a “flood of requests” for his couture and increased his Instagram followers five-fold to over 10,000. Montoya said it led to “new opportunities and kind of changed my life,” he was still working out of his room and had to throw away his bed to make room for more dresses. Within two years he was able to forego his restaurant job, and open a Bushwick, Brooklyn design studio with five employees. Velour said In June 2018 Velour crowned the tenth season winner, Aquaria, with a Montoya-designed dress that invoked an alien version of Eve from the Garden of Eden.
Further works, 2017-present
Montoya has since collaborated with more Drag Race queens including: “Ongina, Kameron Michaels, Asia O’Hara, Eureka O’Hara, Monét X Change, Pearl, Jinkx Monsoon, Blair St. Clair, Bob the Drag Queen, Kim Chi, Aja, Honey Davenport, and Soju.” Montoya notes that when Drag Race started in 2009 the female illusion was more central to the queens look, passing as a woman was almost enough. As of 2019, every aspect is exaggerated, with the custom garments costing from $2,000-10,000.
In October 2017, Montoya's costumes were used for the world premiere of The Power of Emotion: The Apartment—“a trilogy of works that explores how we watch, hear, and perform emotion”—directed by Katherine Brook for the Tele-Violet company with the TAK ensemble at the Abrons Arts Center.
In October 2018 jazz singer-composer and bassist Esperanza Spalding released 12 Little Spells, her seventh studio album, a twelve-part song cycle based on parts of the human anatomy. Each song was released on its own day, with a corresponding video; later she did a series of twelve pop-up concerts across the U.S. tied to each song. She collaborated with other artists on various aspects of the video and live performances, and commissioned Montoya to do a series of dresses for the effort; the live shows were filmed for a concert release.
In late 2018 Montoya again worked with Sasha Velour for her Smoke and Mirrors tour which started in Australia and New Zealand in January, and later throughout the U.S. In it she revives a vaudeville-era conceit of something going wrong with the show, then having to go on with the show anyway—but with technology as the show is multimedia with live projection mapping. For the first act Montoya designed a couture full bodysuit in red, and covered with jewels; each number has its own costuming, half in white velvet, that layers over the bodysuit, and scenery—projected onto the velvet pieces—layered on top. In the second act, Velour's story is about her transforming and maturing, she wears another bodysuit that ultimately helps her morph into a tree from her childhood. Velour stated, “all of the beautiful fabric choices, the way things move, and the way things sparkle in the light...those are the things that Diego is really passionate about, so he was able to improve upon my ideas in incredible ways.”
As a first, Montoya designed Shangela's dress for her red carpet debut at the 2019 Oscars in February. Shangela is the first drag queen to walk the Oscar's red carpet, a long tradition for film stars, in drag; she was dressed in an “icy lilac mermaid gown with draped details and asymmetrical gold beading,” (seen here). Montoya had ten days to make the dress, including five days of his team hand-beading. Shangela walked the red carpet with her longtime friend, actress Jenifer Lewis, who wore a custom copper suit also produced by Montoya. Shangela was a supporting actress in Bradley Cooper’s A Star Is Born (2018) alongside Willam Belli, and featured performers Cooper and Lady Gaga. In September 2018, Shangela also wore a Montoya dress, a Shakespearean-inspired “golden number, dripping in jewels,” that she commissioned for the London red carpet premiere of the movie. In May 2019 Them noted his influences as “the kitsch, excess, and color of Miami, where he was raised after moving from Lima, Peru, as well as the drag queens and club kids he encountered growing up.”
In September 2019, Montoya's costumes were part of the world premiere of Joseph Keckler's Let Me Die, “a genre-bending performance” opera performed as part of Opera Philadelphia's O19 festival.
For their work in the HBO series We're Here, Montoya has won a Primetime Emmy Award.
Notes
References
1980s births
Living people
American fashion designers
American LGBT artists
Artists from Lima
Peruvian emigrants to the United States
Queer artists
Artists from Miami
Florida State University alumni
21st-century American LGBT people
Primetime Emmy Award winners |
The Tennessee–Bulgaria National Guard Partnership is one of 25 (through 2023) European partnerships that make up the U.S. European Command State Partnership Program and one of 88 (through February 2023) worldwide partnerships that make up the National Guard State Partnership Program. The Republic of Bulgaria joined by signing a bilateral affairs agreement with the U.S. Department of Defense and the state of Tennessee in 1993. Since 2015 Bulgaria also contributes troops to the Resolute Support Mission as a member of NATO.
Tennessee and Bulgaria were paired because they share similar geographical and cultural features. During the years since 1993, they have exchanged hundreds of soldiers on travelling contact teams and familiarization visits. Tennessee soldiers have also participated in major military exercises in Bulgaria sponsored by the U.S. Air Force and the U.S. Army in Europe, such as Cornerstone, Bulwark; etc. Many Bulgarian villages have been influenced in a positive way through Humanitarian Assistance initiatives in conjunction with Mil-to-Mil interaction.
History
Prelude to the partnership
On November 15, 1990, the People's Republic of Bulgaria was voted out of existence by the 7th Grand National Assembly, a special convocation of representatives from the entire nation for purposes of making Constitutional changes. It had been convoked by the Bulgarian Constitutional Assembly election, 1990 on June 10 and 17. Of the 400 seats, the Bulgarian Socialist Party, a mutation of the former Bulgarian Communist Party, won a majority of 210.
Having abolished the People's Republic, the Grand Assembly created the Republic of Bulgaria on July 12, 1991. Its Constitution was the 4th in its history. It was defined to be a unitary parliamentary republic.
The People's Republic of Bulgaria had belonged to the Soviet-Union dominated Warsaw Pact, an alliance of Eastern-bloc nations founded to counter the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Due to loss of numbers, the Warsaw Pact declared itself disbanded on July 1, 1991, shortly before the creation of the Republic of Bulgaria. The Soviet Union dissolved itself on December 25 of that year.
Russia and some states loyal to it went their own way with the Collective Security Treaty Organization of May 15, 1992. Most of the former Warsaw-pact nations were left hanging in the balance militarily; that is, the nature and function of their military establishments were uncertain. Russian forces had withdrawn or were withdrawing.
Initiation of the partnership
The first members of the Military Liaison Team arrived in Bulgaria in late July 1993. The team chief was Colonel Gary G. Chamberlin accompanied by three more US military personnel. Their arrival caused something of a stir. On August 13, 1993, Duma, the Sofia daily newspaper, reported that: "four unidentified American Specialists have been roaming about Sofia for about 10 days. Without the approval of the government and not known by whose invitation, the guests with US epaulets are staying in the capital’s hotel, Shipka. What are they doing here is not fully clear".
The liaison team's first task upon arrival was to develop a country work plan, a trying event. The plan, completed in November 1993, contained a list of 16 quarterly events, a plan for the next quarter of 44 events, and a yearly work plan of 15 core events. Although all of the first-quarter events could not be completed, the staff did schedule most of them during the remainder of 1994. The interoperability, mutual trust and understanding began to improve.
The partnership under NATO membership
Joint Contact teams continue to mature after Bulgaria's accession into NATO in 2004, EUCOM, Tennessee, and Bulgaria wanted to explore moving to the next step of complexity in engagement activities with respect to the State Partnership Program. The events that EUCOM proposed were to be the first time Tennessee National Guard units were to conduct their annual training in Bulgaria independent of a larger exercise. Several major SPP events need to be highlighted which have impacted either side in a significant way. Vigilant Sentry is an exercise which combined efforts of both the 118th TN Medical group, and the 168th Military Police Battalion. The Medical part objectives’ were to provide medical, dental and pediatric care to the rural population in a joint effort with the Bulgarian Ministry of Defense and through the Military Academy and in cooperation with the Military of Health. Sentry Lion is another interesting event which took place in 2006 at the third Bulgarian AF base at Graf Ignatievo. In this event the TN Air Guard provided C-5 Cargo Transports to move the logistical equipment and support personnel from Oregon to Bulgaria.
Since the inception of the Tennessee-Bulgaria State Partnership Program, the following are notable accomplishments:
More than 420 events have been executed since 1993.
31 SPP events have been executed since fiscal year 2009.
4 Operational Mentor and Liaison Team rotations
Military Police NATO Combat Readiness Evaluation (CREVAL)
Enriched military experiences and adopting new military concepts for both sides
The Bulgarian Armed Forces realized the importance of the NCOs and started implementing new policy which empowers the non-commissioned officers with a greater level of responsibilities.
FY2012 highlights
In FY12, the Army Rote Cadet Command executed the Culture and Language Proficiency Program. This is the very first time when American cadets came in Bulgaria to interact with their Bulgarian counterparts. The event has contributed to the increased adaptability of the U.S. participants when in a new environment and enriched their skill set to cope with a different and unknown cultural context. On the other hand, the Bulgarian General Harizanov, who runs the National Military University, has conveyed in his letter of gratitude to MG Haston, that his students and NCOs’ marks were dramatically improved and gives the credit to this bilateral event in particular. Furthermore, the very same event will be executed in FY13 and this time there will be three rotations of American cadets who will be at three different military installations.
Ten SPP events have been executed:
Visit of the TN Adjutant General to Bulgaria
Crew resources management
Combat readiness evaluation staff training
Pre-deployment preparation
Airdrop procedures
Bulgarian Ministry of Defense senior enlisted visit
Air Operations Center introduction and operations
Non-commissioned officers' visit to TN Air Force bases
Culture and language proficiency program event including an ADVON visit
Partnership focus
The following are EUCOM stated areas of focus for the Tennessee-Bulgaria partnership:
Foster national stability within NATO framework
Increase Bulgarian coalition contribution through Bulgarian Battle Group
Put the stress on military police events and interaction
More culture and language proficiency program rotations
Leadership and non-commissioned officers developments
Emergency management and disaster response
ISAF Cooperation and OMLT teams
The Tennessee-Bulgaria State Partnership Program has accomplished a great deal in just 20 years. One of the most fruitful and unique initiatives is the so-called Operational Mentoring and Liaison Team (OMLT). Those rotations are part of the SPP portfolio. Its main objective was to bring together American and Bulgarian militaries and to train together spreading out their knowledge to their Afghans counterparts. There were the total of three Garrison OMLT rotations from 2009 to 2011, and one C55 OMLT. The initial trainings took place in the National Military University in the town of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria and then continued in the Joint Multinational Readiness Center (JMRC) in Hohenfels, Germany. JMRC conducts several OMLT rotations each year, training multinational partners to ensure they are prepared for rotation to Afghanistan with the ability to train, advise and enable the Afghan National Army while possessing skills to survive on the battlefield. The Bulgarians have accomplished their objectives in ISAF – lead Core Training through executing different type of classes, such as IED training, M16 range, ANA doctrine, Log planning, CFF and CAS that were very useful for them. Different types of TTPs were rehearsed during those OMLT rotations, many valuable skills have been acquired during this interaction such as TSPs, reacting to ambushes, patrol drills, vehicle rollover training procedures, IED trainings, CAS, MEDEDVAC, call for fire.
One of the major engagements through SPP was the Bulgarian contingent in Afghanistan which consisted of 474 military personnel. They were involved in a wide range of military activities such as: mechanized company embedded into Italian Battle Group (Kabul) – 122 military personnel. The major tasks were patrolling and security of Invicta base and Kabul Airport; Security (guarding) platoon – 45 military personnel (protection of Waterhouse base and escort of logistical elements); recon team (five people); team for ATC of Kabul airport (two people); medical team (five people) – embedded into the French military hospital; guarding company -266 military personnel (protection and patrolling in the area of Kandahar airport); Bulgarian – US OMLT – Kandahar – seven Bulgarian military personnel; two medical teams (ten people) – embedded into the Spanish military hospital in Herat; two military personnel in the Hungarian PRT. In March 2009 the Bulgarians were withdrawn from that team.
References
Attribution
External links
National Guard (United States)
Military alliances involving the United States
Bulgaria–United States military relations
Projects established in 1993 |
Michael Sellers may refer to:
Mike Sellers (born 1975), American football fullback
Michael Sellers (actor) (1954–2006), British actor, author and the son of actor Peter Sellers
Michael Sellers (cricketer) (born 1952), Australian cricketer |
Linda Zecher Higgins (born May 4, 1953) is an American executive who is the managing director of The Barkley Group since January 2017. She most recently served as the president, CEO and director of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, a global education and learning company. In the past she had worked as the corporate vice president of the Microsoft Worldwide Public Sector business unit until September 2011. Additionally she had served as the president and CEO of Evolve Corporation, as the senior vice president of Oracle, as a very early vice president of PeopleSoft, and in several senior positions in Bank of America. She began her career as a geophysicist with Texas Instruments.
Early life and education
Zecher was born in Middletown, Ohio, as one of two children. Her mother was a homemaker and her father was self-made.
From 1971, Zecher studied earth science at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1975. During her college years she had a non-typical job working at the county jail.
Career
Early leadership positions
Following field experience as a geophysicist with Texas Instruments in Midland, Texas she joined Bank of America as the vice president of the Business Services division. During her tenure she moved the Services division from a mainframe HR and Payroll Service Bureau to PC based applications that were marketed to the bank's Service Bureau customers.
While at BofA she became introduced to a very young software company focused on people management. She saw enough value in the software that she joined the company, PeopleSoft, as its 9th employee.
Following PeopleSoft, Zecher joined Oracle as senior vice president in 1977 with responsibility for building Oracle's Application business in Public Sector, Higher Education, Healthcare, Telecommunications, Financial Services and the Utilities markets. She tendered her resignation in March 2002 to become CEO of Evolve Corporation.
Evolve Corporation, an enterprise professional services automation software company, was a publicly traded company controlled by Private Equity firms. The company had gone through difficult times following the dot com boom. During a one-year time frame, she stabilized the company, sold the assets and took the liabilities through a bankruptcy.
Microsoft
Zecher joined Microsoft in 2003 to lead the US Public Sector organization which focused on government, education and health customers. Within 3 years, she grew the revenue from just under $1B to $2B. The catalyst for growth was an extensive reorganization resulting in 40% more customer-facing employees. Accompanying the realignment was a focus on accountability and customer satisfaction.
Her success in the US Public Sector led to her being named corporate vice president of Microsoft's Worldwide Public Sector organization. The worldwide business unit had over 2,000 employees serving government, education and health customers in over 100 countries. Under her leadership the business experienced double digit growth each year rising to over $10B. She resigned from Microsoft in September 2011 when she was recruited to lead Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Zecher was named president, CEO and director of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH), a global education and learning company in September 2011. With origins dating back to 1832, the company is among the world's largest providers of Pre-K–12 education solutions and one of the longest-established publishing houses. Within six months of joining HMH, Zecher led the company through a pre-pack bankruptcy resulting in a successful financial restructuring in which $3.1B of debt was eliminated and converted to equity. The company emerged 32 days later. HMH deepened their market penetration by acquiring the culinary and reference portfolio of John Wiley & Sons that included Webster's New World Dictionary and CliffsNotes.
Zecher engineered a successful IPO in 2013. Several leading news organizations have interviewed her about her success, family focus, and leadership style.
Using mobile applications for consumer markets and leveraging brand awareness of Curious George, Carmen Sandiego and The Polar Express Zecher began to move HMH to an e-business. HMH launched Curious World in 2015 as interactive education subscription software curated by early education experts and aligned to eight key learning areas.
Zecher resigned from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in September 2016 after a wave of disappointing earnings announcements and greater than 50% decline in the stock price.
The Barkley Group
Zecher Higgins launched a boutique consulting firm, The Barkley Group, in 2017. The firm focuses on digital transformation across industries, educational consumer interests, and business strategy
Board activity
Zecher Higgins has previously served on the U.S. State Department's Board for Overseas Schools, The Emily Couric Leadership Forum, James Madison University Board of Visitors, the Tandem Friends School Board, Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum Board, Cradles to Crayons Board, The John F. Kennedy Foundation Board, and the Intelligence and National Security Association (INSA) Board.
Zecher Higgins currently is a member of the Hasbro Corporation board, where she serves on the audit committee and chairs the Cyber Security committee, The Tenable Corporation Board, where she serves on the nominating and compensation committees, C5 Capital, where she is a board member, a member of the investment committee, operating partner, and chairs the audit committee. She is also the audit chair and board member for C5 Acquisition Corporation. Zecher Higgins holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Ohio State University and an honorary doctorate from Bentley University, where she delivered the commencement address.
References
External links
NASDAQ Interview
The Bookseller profile
1953 births
Living people
American business executives |
The 1991 Southern Illinois Salukis football team was an American football team that represented Southern Illinois University (now known as Southern Illinois University Carbondale) in the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (GCAC) during the 1991 NCAA Division I-AA football season. Under third-year head coach Bob Smith, the team compiled a 7–4 record (4–2 against conference opponents) and tied for second place in the conference. The team played its home games at McAndrew Stadium in Carbondale, Illinois.
Schedule
References
Southern Illinois
Southern Illinois Salukis football seasons
Southern Illinois Salukis football |
Roland Glave Saunders CBE MRVCS, (12 March 1873 — ) was a veterinary surgeon from Exeter, Devon, who was later elected as Sheriff of Exeter and then six-times Mayor of Exeter.
Biography
Early life
Glave Saunders was born Fore Street, Exeter, to the founder of successful local drapery business, Saunders and Mumford.
Having completed school in Exeter, he became a pupil of local veterinary surgeon, Mr James Heath.
Veterinary practice
He graduated from the Royal Veterinary College in London in 1895, and then spent 2.5 years teaching at the Colonial College in Suffolk.
Glave Saunders then relocated to Penzance, where he also served as a veterinary inspector for the Ministry of Agriculture.
In 1908, he married Gladys Martin of Penzance.
He worked in Penzance until 1926, when he retired on grounds of ill health.
Return to Exeter
He returned to his hometown of Exeter, and became quickly involved in local politics, firstly as a Liberal councillor for the Exwick ward.
In 1935, he was elected as Sheriff of Exeter, by which time he was already the acting-Chairman on the Public Assistance Committee, Chairman of the Maternity and Child Welfare Committee, and Deputy-Chairman of the City Mental Hospital Committee.
Mayoralty
Glave Saunders was elected as Mayor of Exeter in 1938, and due to the demands of the Second World War continued in that position, being re-elected five times, and serving six terms, being the first mayor to do so since William Hurst who last served in 1561.
In 1945, Glave Saunders was awarded the Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his service.
Death
Glave Saunders died at his home in Exmouth on 10 December 1952, aged 79.
References
Sheriffs of Exeter
Mayors of Exeter
British veterinarians
1873 births
1952 deaths
People from Exeter
Male veterinarians
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of the Royal Veterinary College
Members of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons |
```go
//go:build filament && windows
// +build filament,windows
/*
* path_to_url
* All Rights Reserved.
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package cpython
/*
#include "api.h"
*/
import "C"
import "unsafe"
// PyUnicodeFromString creates the Python Unicode object from the Go string.
func PyUnicodeFromString(s string) *PyObject {
u := C.CString(s)
defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(u))
return &PyObject{rawptr: C.PyUnicode_FromString(u)}
}
``` |
Cleveland v. United States is the name for two United States Supreme Court cases.
Cleveland v. United States (1946), 329 U.S. 14, about polygamy
Cleveland v. United States (2000), 531 U.S. 12, about mail fraud |
National Route 146 is a national highway of Japan connecting Naganohara, Gunma and Karuizawa, Nagano in Japan, with a total length of 30.2 km (18.77 mi).
References
146
Roads in Gunma Prefecture
Roads in Nagano Prefecture |
Muḥammad Ilyās ibn Muḥammad Ismā‘īl Kāndhlawī Dihlawī (1885 – 13 July 1944) was an Indian Islamic scholar who founded the Tablighi Jamaat Islamic revivalist movement, in 1925, in Mewat province.
Early life and education
Muhammad Ilyas was born in 1303 AH (1885/1886) in the village of Kandhla, Muzaffarnagar district, North-West Provinces, British India (in present-day Shamli district, Uttar Pradesh, India). His year of birth can be computed by the tarikhi (chronogrammatic) name "Akhtar Ilyas" () using abjad numerals.
In a local maktab (school), he memorized one and a quarter ajza' of the Qur'an, and he completed memorizing the Qur'an under his father's supervision in Nizamuddin area, Delhi. Thereafter, he studied the elementary books of Arabic and Persian language mostly under his father. Later on, he lived with and studied under Rashid Ahmad Gangohi. In 1905, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi died, when Muhammad Ilyas was 20. In 1908, Muhammad Ilyas enrolled in Darul Uloom Deoband. He also studied under Mahmud Hasan Deobandi.
Foundation of Tablighi Jamaat
In the early 1920s, he prepared a team of young madrasah graduates from Deoband and Saharanpur and sent them to Mewat to establish a network of mosques and Islamic schools movement. He once said that if he had to attribute a name to his movement, it would have been Tehreek-e-Imaan ('Imaan/Faith movement'). The people of South Asia started calling the devotees Tableeghi and this name eventually became popular among the common people. The Tablighi Jamaat has since gone on to become one of the most widespread grassroots Islamic movements in the world with a presence in many countries, including Canada, South Africa and the UK.
Legacy
Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi wrote a biography named Life and mission of Maulana Mohammad Ilyas.
References
Further reading
1885 births
1944 deaths
Deobandis
Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
Tablighi Jamaat people
Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi
People from Shamli district
Emirs of Tablighi Jamaat |
Strombus gracilior, common names the Eastern Pacific fighting conch, or the Panama fighting conch, is a species of medium to large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, the true conchs.
Description
The length of the shell varies between 40 mm and 95 mm, the width may attain 50 mm. The high spire is covered with subsutural spines or pointed nodes on the shoulder of the whorls. The color of the shell is yellowish to yellowish-brown, interrupted in the middle with a lighter band. The aperture and the large outer lip is white bordered with orange-brown. The shell is covered with a thin, horn-covered periostracum.
The fighting conch (Strombus pugilis) from the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico is a similar species in the sculpture of the shell and in inner morphological characters.
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic relationships among the Strombidae have been mainly accessed on two occasions, using two distinct methods. In a 2005 monography, Simone proposed a cladogram (a tree of descent) based on an extensive morpho-anatomical analysis of representatives of Aporrhaidae, Strombidae, Xenophoridae and Struthiolariidae. However, according to Simone, only Strombus gracilior, Strombus alatus and Strombus pugilis, the type species, remained within Strombus. In Simone's cladogram, these three species constituted a distinct group based on at least five synapomorphies (traits that are shared by two or more taxa and their most recent common ancestor). The remaining taxa were previously considered as subgenera, and were elevated to genus level by Simone in the end of his analysis.
In a different approach, Latiolais and colleagues (2006) proposed another cladogram that attempts to show the phylogenetic relationships of 34 species within the family Strombidae. The authors analysed 31 species in the genus Strombus and three species in the allied genus Lambis. The cladogram was based on DNA sequences of both nuclear histone H3 and mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I protein-coding gene regions. In this proposed phylogeny, Strombus pugilis, Strombus alatus, Strombus granulatus and Strombus gracilior are closely related and appear to share a common ancestor.
Distribution
This species is can be found on sandflats and lagoons and offshore to 45 m in the Gulf of California along West Mexico and in the Pacific Ocean along Northern Peru.
References
External links
Strombidae
Gastropods described in 1825 |
Euura myrsiniticola is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larvae feed internally in a gall formed on the leaves of whortle-leaved willow (Salix myrsinites).
Description of the gall
The pea-sized gall is smooth and globular and occurs on whortle-leaved willow (Salix myrsinites). It is large in relation to the size of the leaf and protrudes approximately one-third above the leaf surface, and two-thirds below.
Distribution
The gall or sawfly has been recorded from Finland, Norway, Russia (Kolguyev Island), Scotland and Sweden.
References
Tenthredinidae
Gall-inducing insects
Hymenoptera of Europe
Insects described in 1991
Willow galls |
```java
/*
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
*
*
* Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
* person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
* data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
* copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
* freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
* unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
* the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
*
* (a) the Software, and
*
* (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
* one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
* is contributed by such licensors),
*
* without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
* derivative works of, display, perform, and distribute the Software and make,
* use, sell, offer for sale, import, export, have made, and have sold the
* Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
* either these or other terms.
*
* This license is subject to the following condition:
*
* The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
* minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
* portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
* SOFTWARE.
*/
package com.oracle.truffle.api;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.DirectCallNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.EncapsulatingNodeReference;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.IndirectCallNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.Node;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.RootNode;
/**
* Represents the target of a call. Call targets are created automatically from a {@link RootNode}
* by calling {@link RootNode#getCallTarget()}.
* <p>
* A call target allows the runtime to employ a compilation heuristic to trigger partial evaluation
* of the underlying {@link RootNode}, typically in the background. Additionally, calling a call
* target builds a guest language level {@link TruffleStackTrace stack trace} which can be inspected
* using {@link TruffleRuntime#iterateFrames(com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameInstanceVisitor)} or
* {@link TruffleStackTrace#getStackTrace(Throwable)}.
* <p>
* Do not subclass {@link CallTarget} directly, as this interface is likely to become sealed in the
* future.
*
* @see RootNode
* @see DirectCallNode
* @see IndirectCallNode
* @since 0.8 or earlier
*/
public interface CallTarget {
/**
* Calls the encapsulated root node with the given arguments and returns the result.
* <p>
* By calling this method, the call location is looked up using
* {@link EncapsulatingNodeReference}. Use {@link #call(Node, Object...)} if the call location
* is already known.
* <p>
* Calling this method in partially evaluated code will allow it to get inlined if the receiver
* (this) is a {@link CompilerDirectives#isPartialEvaluationConstant(Object) pe-constant}. Call
* site {@link RootNode#isCloningAllowed() cloning} is only supported if a
* {@link DirectCallNode} is used instead.
*
* @param arguments The arguments passed to the call, as an object array.
* @return The result of the call.
* @see #call(Node, Object...)
* @since 0.8 or earlier
*/
Object call(Object... arguments);
/**
* Calls the encapsulated root node with an explicit call location and arguments, and returns
* the result.
* <p>
* This method should be preferred over {@link #call(Object...)} if the current location is
* known, as it avoids looking up the current location from a thread-local.
* <p>
*
* @param location A {@link Node} that identifies the location of this call. The location may be
* <code>null</code> if no location is available.
* @param arguments The arguments passed to the call, as an object array.
* @return The result of the call.
* @see #call(Object...)
* @since 24.1
*/
default Object call(Node location, Object... arguments) {
throw CompilerDirectives.shouldNotReachHere("callDirect not supported for this runtime");
}
}
``` |
Gulbadan Begum ( 1523 – 7 February 1603) was a Mughal princess and the daughter of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire.
She is best known as the author of Humayun-Nama, the account of the life of her half-brother, Emperor Humayun, which she wrote on the request of her nephew, Emperor Akbar. Gulbadan's recollection of Babur is brief, but she gives a refreshing account of Humayun's household and provides a rare material regarding his confrontation with her half-brother, Kamran Mirza. She records the fratricidal conflict among her brothers with a sense of grief.
Gulbadan Begum was about eight years old at the time of her father's death in 1530 and was brought up by her older half-brother, Humayun. She was married to a Chagatai noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of Aiman Khwajah Sultan, son of Khan Ahmad Alaq of Eastern Moghulistan at the age of seventeen.
She spent most of her life in Kabul. In 1557, she was invited by her nephew, Akbar, to join the imperial household at Agra. She wielded great influence and respect in the imperial household and was much loved both by Akbar and his mother, Hamida. Gulbadan Begum finds reference throughout the Akbarnama ("Book of Akbar"), written by Abu'l Fazl, and much of her biographical details are accessible through the work.
Along with several other royal women, Gulbadan Begum undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca, and returned to India seven years later in 1582. She died in 1603.
Name
Gulbadan Begum's name means "body like a rose flower" or "rose body" in the Persian language.
Early life
When Princess Gulbadan was born in 1523 to Dildar Begum. Her father, Babur, had been lord in Kabul for 19 years; he was master also in Kunduz and Badakhshan, had held Bajaur and Swat since 1519, and Kandahar for a year. During 10 of those 19 years he had been styled Padshah, in token of headship of the House of Timur and of his independent sovereignty. Two years later Babur set out on his last expedition across the Indus to conquer an empire in India. Gulbadan's siblings included her older brother, Hindal Mirza, and two other sisters, Gulrang Begum and Gulchehra Begum, while her younger brother Alwar Mirza, died in his childhood. Among her siblings, Gulbadan was very close to her brother, Hindal Mirza.
At the age of seventeen, Gulbadan was married to a Chagatai noble, her cousin, Khizr Khwaja Khan, the son of Aiman Khwajah Sultan, son of Khan Ahmad Alaq of Moghulistan.
In 1540, Humayun lost the kingdom that his father Babur had established in India, to Sher Shah Suri, a Pashtun soldier from Bihar. With only his pregnant wife Hamida Banu Begum, one female attendant and a few loyal supporters, Humayun first fled to Lahore, and then later to Kabul. He was in exile for the next fifteen years in present-day Afghanistan and Persia. Gulbadan Begum went to live in Kabul again. Her life, like all the other Mughal women of the harem, was intricately intertwined with three Mughal kings – her father Babur, brother Humayun and nephew Akbar. Two years after Humayun re-established the Delhi Empire, she accompanied other Mughal women of the harem back to Agra at the behest of Akbar, who had begun his rule.
Writing of the Humayun Nama
Akbar commissioned Gulbadan Begum to chronicle the story of his father, Humayun. He was fond of his aunt and knew of her storytelling skills. It was fashionable for the Mughals to engage writers to document their own reigns (Akbar's own history, Akbarnama, was written by the well-known Persian scholar Abul Fazl). Akbar asked his aunt to write whatever she remembered about her brother's life. Gulbadan Begum took the challenge and produced a document titled Ahwal Humayun Padshah Jamah Kardom Gulbadan Begum bint Babur Padshah amma Akbar Padshah. It came to be known as Humayun-nama.
Gulbadan wrote in simple Persian, without the erudite language used by better-known writers. Her father Babur had written Babur-nama in the same style, and she took his cue and wrote from her memories. Unlike some of her contemporary writers, Gulbadan wrote a factual account of what she remembered, without embellishment. What she produced not only chronicles the trials and tribulations of Humayun's rule, but also gives us a glimpse of life in the Mughal harem. It is the only surviving writing penned by a woman of Mughal royalty in the 16th century.
There has been suspicion that Gulbadan wrote the Humayun-Nama in her native language of Turkic rather than Persian, and that the book available today is a translation.
Upon being entrusted with the directive by Akbar to write the manuscript, Gulbadan Begum begins thus:There had been an order issued, ‘Write down whatever you know of the doings of Firdous-Makani (Babur) and Jannat-Ashyani (Humayun)’. At this time when his Majesty Firdaus-Makani passed from this perishable world to the everlasting home, I, this lowly one, was eight years old, so it may well be that I do not remember much. However in obedience to the royal command, I set down whatever there is that I have heard and remember.
From her account, we know that Gulbadan was married by the age of 17 to her cousin, Khizr Khwaja, a Chagatai prince who was the son of her father's cousin, Aiman Khwajah Sultan. She had at least one son. She had migrated to India in 1528 from Kabul with one of her stepmothers, who was allowed to adopt her as her own on the command of her father, the Emperor. After the defeat of Humayun in 1540, she moved back to Kabul to live with one of her half-brothers. She did not return to Agra immediately after Humayun won back his kingdom. Instead, she stayed behind in Kabul until she was brought back to Agra by Akbar, two years after Humayun died in a tragic accident in 1556. Gulbadan Begum lived in Agra and then in Sikri for a short while, but mostly in Lahore or with the Court for the rest of her life, except for a period of seven years when she undertook a pilgrimage to Mecca. The Mughal Court even up to the early years of Shah Jahan's reign was never a confined thing, but a travelling grand encampment and there is no doubt that Gulbadan Banu Begum, like most Mughal ladies, hated the confines living in buildings and no doubt, wholeheartedly agreed with the verses of Jahanara Begum, the daughter of Shah Jahan, that the rot of the empire would set in when the Mughals confined themselves to closed houses.
She appears to have been an educated, pious, and cultured woman of royalty. She was fond of reading and she had enjoyed the confidences of both her brother, Humayun, and nephew, Akbar. From her account it is also apparent that she was an astute observer, well-versed with the intricacies of warfare and the intrigues of royal deal making. The first part of her story deals with Humayun's rule after her father's death and the travails of Humayun after his defeat. She had written little about her father Babur, as she was only aged eight when he died. However, there are anecdotes and stories she had heard about him from her companions in the Mahal (harem) that she included in her account. The latter part also deals with life in the Mughal harem.
She recorded one light-hearted incident about Babur. He had minted a large gold coin, as he was fond of doing, after he established his kingdom in India. This heavy gold coin was sent to Kabul, with special instructions to play a practical joke on the court jester Asas, who had stayed behind in Kabul. Asas was to be blindfolded and the coin was to be hung around his neck. Asas was intrigued and worried about the heavy weight around his neck, not knowing what it was. However, when he realised that it was a gold coin, Asas jumped with joy and pranced around the room, repeatedly saying that no one shall ever take it from him.
Gulbadan Begum describes her father's death when her brother had fallen ill at the age of 22. She tells that Babur was depressed to see his son seriously ill and dying. For four days he circumambulated the bed of his son repeatedly, praying to Allah, begging to be taken to the eternal world in his son's place. As if by miracle, his prayers were answered. The son recovered and the 47-year-old father died soon after.
Soon after his exile, Humayun had seen and fallen in love with a 13-year-old girl named Hamida Banu the niece of Shah Husain Mirza. At first she refused to come to see the Emperor, who was much older than her. Finally she was advised by the other women of the harem to reconsider, and she consented to marry the Emperor. Two years later, in 1542, she bore Humayun a son named Akbar, the greatest of the Mughal rulers. Gulbadan Begum described the details of this incident and the marriage of Humayun and Hamida Banu with glee, and a hint of mischievousness in her manuscript.
Gulbadan also recorded the nomadic life style of Mughal women. Her younger days were spent in the typical style of the peripatetic Mughal family, wandering between Kabul, Agra and Lahore. During Humayun's exile the problem was further exaggerated. She had to live in Kabul with one of her step brothers, who later tried to recruit her husband to join him against Humayun. Gulbadan Begum persuaded her husband not to do so. He, however, did so during her nephew's reign and, along with his son, was defeated and was expelled from court and from her presence for the rest of his life. He was not even allowed to be buried next to her. His grave is in one corner of the main quadrangle in which she is buried.
If Gulbadan Begum wrote about the death of Humayun, when he tumbled down the steps in Purana Qila in Delhi, it has been lost. The manuscript seems to end abruptly in the year 1552, four years before the death of Humayun. It ends in mid-sentence, describing the blinding of Kamran Mirza. As we know that Gulbadan Begum had received the directive to write the story of Humayun's rule by Akbar, long after the death of Humayun, it is reasonable to believe that the only available manuscript is an incomplete version of her writing. It is also believed that Akbar asked his aunt to write down from her memory so that Abul Fazl could use the information in his own writings about the Emperor Akbar.
The memoir had been lost for several centuries and what has been found is not well preserved, poorly bound with many pages missing. It also appears to be incomplete, with the last chapters missing. There must have been very few copies of the manuscript, and for this reason it did not receive the recognition it deserved.
A battered copy of the manuscript is kept in the British Library. Originally found by an Englishman, Colonel G. W. Hamilton. it was sold to the British Museum by his widow in 1868. Its existence was little known until 1901, when Annette S. Beveridge translated it into English (Beveridge affectionately called her 'Princess Rosebody').
Historian Dr. Rieu called it one of the most remarkable manuscripts in the collection of Colonel Hamilton (who had collected more than 1,000 manuscripts). A paperback edition of Beveridge's English translation was published in India in 2001.
Pradosh Chattopadhyay translated Humayun Nama into Bengali in 2006 and Chirayata Prokashan published the book.
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Gulbadan Begum described in her memoir a pilgrimage she along with Salima Sultan Begum undertook to Mecca, a distance of 3,000 miles, crossing treacherous mountains and hostile deserts. Though they were of royal birth, the women of the harem were hardy and prepared to face hardships, especially since their lives were so intimately intertwined with the men and their fortunes. Gulbadan Begum stayed in Mecca for nearly four years and during her return a shipwreck in Aden kept her from returning to Agra for several months. She finally returned in 1582, seven years after she had set forth on her journey.
Akbar had provided for safe passage of his aunt on her Hajj and sent a noble as escort with several ladies in attendance. Lavish gifts were packed with her entourage that could be used as alms. Her arrival in Mecca caused quite a stir and people from as far as Syria and Asia Minor swarmed to Mecca to get a share of the bounty.
Later life
When she was 70, her name is mentioned with that of Muhammad-yar, a son of her daughter, who left the court in disgrace. She with Hamida, received royal gifts of money and jewels on the occasion of the New Year by Akbar.
Her charities were large, and it is said of her that she added day unto day in the endeavor to please God, and this by succoring the poor and needy.
When she was 80, in February 1603, her departure was heralded by a few days of fever. Hamida was with her to the end and watched her last hours. As she lay with closed eyes, Hamida Banu Begum spoke to her by the long-used name of affection, "Jiu!" (live or May you Live). There was no response. Then, "Gul-badan!" The dying woman opened her eyes, quoted the verse, "I die—may you live!" and died.
Akbar helped to carry her bier some distance, and for her soul's repose made lavish gifts and did good works. He will have joined in the silent prayer for her soul before committal of her body to the earth, and if no son were there, he, as a near kinsman, may have answered the Imam's injunction to resignation: "It is the will of God."
It is said that for the two years after her death, Akbar lamented constantly that he missed his favorite aunt, until he died in 1605.
Gulbadan was also said to have been a poet, fluent in both Persian and Turkish. None of her poems have survived. However, there are references to two verses and a quaseeda written by her by the Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar in his collection of verses as well as some references by Mir Taqi Mir.
For much of history, the manuscript of Gulbadan Begum remained in obscurity. There is little mention of it in contemporary literature of other Mughal writers, especially the authors who chronicled Akbar’s rule. Yet, the little-known account of Gulbadan Begum is an important document for historians, with its window into a woman’s perspective from inside the Mughal harem.
In popular culture
Gulbadan Begum is a principal character in Salman Rushdie's novel The Enchantress of Florence (2008).
References
Bibliography
Humayun-Nama : The History of Humayun by Gul-Badan Begam. Translated by Annette S. Beveridge. New Delhi, Goodword, 2001, .
Rebecca Ruth Gould "How Gulbadan Remembered: The Book of Humāyūn as an Act of Representation," Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol. 6, pp. 121–127, 2011
Three Memoirs of Homayun. Volume One: Humáyunnáma and Tadhkiratu’l-wáqíát; Volume Two: Táríkh-i Humáyún, translated from the Persian by Wheeler Thackston. Bibliotheca Iranica/Intellectual Traditions Series, Hossein Ziai, Editor-in-Chief. Bilingual Edition, No. 11 (15 March 2009)
External links
Complete text of Humayun Nama
Selections from The Humayun Nama by Gulbadan Begam
1520s births
1603 deaths
Mughal princesses
Timurid princesses
Mughal nobility
16th-century Indian historians
Historians from the Mughal Empire
16th-century Persian-language writers
16th-century Indian women writers
16th-century Indian writers
Women from the Mughal Empire
Timurid dynasty
People from Agra
Women writers from Uttar Pradesh
Indian women historians
Scholars from Uttar Pradesh
Women educators from Uttar Pradesh
Educators from Uttar Pradesh
Educators from West Bengal
Daughters of emperors
16th-century educators |
A number of naval trawlers of the Royal Navy were named Agate:
, sunk in 1918 by SM UC-71
, ran aground and sank in 1941
Royal Navy ship names |
Charles Vance Millar (June 28, 1854 – October 31, 1926) was a Canadian lawyer and financier. He was the president and part-owner of the Toronto brewery of O'Keefe Brewery. He also owned racehorses, including the 1915 King's Plate–winning horse Tartarean. However, he is now best known for his unusual will which touched off the Great Stork Derby.
Early years
Charles Millar was born in Aylmer, Canada West, the only child of farmers Simon and Sarah Millar. Millar attended the University of Toronto and graduated with an average of 98% in all his subjects. He chose to study law, passed the bar examination at Osgoode Hall in 1884 and opened up his own law office in Toronto.
Business career
The BC Express Company and the Millar Addition
In 1897, Millar purchased the BC Express Company from Stephen Tingley and took over the government mail delivery contracts for the Cariboo region in British Columbia.
When it was announced that the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway would go through Fort George (later named Prince George) Millar expanded the company's services to Fort George and built two sternwheelers, the BX and the BC Express. Millar also foresaw that Fort George would become a major centre in Northern British Columbia and he made arrangements to purchase the First Nations reserve at Fort George. However, the railway was already planning to purchase the property and they convinced the Department of Indian Affairs to cancel their negotiations with Millar. When Millar took the railway to court, the railway agreed to sell him of the property, which became known as the Millar Addition.
Horse racing
Millar owned racehorses, including the 1915 King's Plate-winning horse Tartarean. At the time of his death, he owned seven horses, including Troutlet, which went on to win the 1927 King's Plate, under different ownership. By then the executors of his Millar estate had sold his horses including Troutlet. In the 1910s, Millar had planned to build a racetrack in Kingston, Jamaica, where he holidayed, but abandoned the idea. In 1912, he had made arrangements with the builder of the Belmont Park racetrack, C. W. Leavitt to design the track. Millar was an investor in Kenilworth Park Racetrack, built just outside Windsor, Ontario, in 1916.
Death
Millar died in his law office in the Crown Life Building at Yonge and Colborne Streets on October 31, 1926, of a stroke. He was discussing a case with Charles Kemp, a law associate, when he collapsed. Millar died before a doctor could arrive. Millar was buried in the family plot in Aylmer. He had not married and had no descendants and his parents had both predeceased him. His funeral was held at his home on 75 Scarborough Road in the Beaches district of Toronto, attended by many other members of the legal profession. When his executors filed his will for probate, Millar's estate was estimated to be worth .
His death coincided with the disappearance of several books of accounting of O'Keefe Brewery. At the time the government of Canada contended that O'Keefe was $175,000 in arrears on sales taxes. The claim had been made to O'Keefe earlier in October 1926. The Royal Customs Commission held an inquiry in March 1937 and evidence was given that Millar had sent for the books to be delivered to his office. However, a search of his office, home and the company did not turn up the books, according to his associate Charles Kemp. O'Keefe was suspended from brewing "strong beer" during the dispute, until it provided the books to the commission. O'Keefe offered a reward for the return of the books and continued with its other activities. In May 1927, O'Keefe appealed for a reinstatement of its licence. F. H. Phippen, the president of the company testified that Millar, the president of O'Keefe in October 1926, did not want to give up the books to the commission and proposed an injunction. Phippen was in favour of giving up the books to the commission. Phippen described Millar as "a lawyer and an honourable man", and that he had only thought that Millar had put them away for safekeeping.
Character
Though highly successful in the law and in his investments, Millar was known for his love of jokes and pranks which played on people's greed. One favourite was to leave money on a sidewalk and watch from a hiding place as passers-by furtively pocketed it. As a law student, Millar was jilted once by a girl of a prominent family and never had a serious relationship again. Millar was known to sleep on the veranda outside his house in all weather, to "keep himself hard". In life, he was never known to have given to any charity. The only club Millar was a member of was the Royal Canadian Yacht Club.
Abe Orpen, when informed about his mention in Millar's will, discussed his working relationship with Millar over many transactions. According to Orpen, the two always made verbal agreements, never on paper. Orpen distrusted Millar, who would always look for some loophole in a contract, though never broke his word.
Will
Millar's final prank was his will, which says in part:
The will had several unusual bequests:
Three men who were known to despise each other (T. P. Galt, KC; J. D. Montgomery and James Haverson, KC) were granted joint lifetime tenancy in Millar's vacation home in Jamaica, on condition that they live in the property together.
To each practicing Protestant minister in Toronto, and every Orange Lodge in Toronto, a share of O'Keefe Brewery stock, a Catholic business, if they participated in its management and drew on its dividends.
Two anti-horse-racing advocates (Hon. William Raney, Reverend Samuel Chown) and a man who detested the Ontario Jockey Club (Abe Orpen) were to receive a share of Ontario Jockey Club stock, provided they are shareholders in three years. Raney's and Chown's share were eventually given to charity and Orpen accepted his share.
Each duly ordained Christian minister in Walkerville, Sandwich, and Windsor, "except Spracklin, who shot a hotelkeeper" was to receive a share of the Kenilworth Park Racetrack, located just outside Windsor, Ontario.
The home in Kingston, Jamaica, had already been sold by Millar. It was not in his estate when it was submitted for probate.
The bequest to the Protestant ministers of O'Keefe stock was a problem to resolve. The corporate structure of O'Keefe was such that Millar's share of the company was not in shares, but in a share of a holding company that controlled O'Keefe. He only had one actual share in the O'Keefe Brewery Ltd. The 99 ministers and the 103 Orange Lodges who accepted the bequest, did so upon the sale of O'Keefe in 1928 for $1.35 million, in an agreement with the executors. The legatees each received $56.38.
In October 1928, five pastors in Windsor claimed the bequest of the Kenilworth shares. The value of the shares was hard to judge, as the stock did not trade publicly. One estimation was that they were worth less than one cent each. The racetrack would close within a decade.
The Great Stork Derby
The tenth and final clause of his will was the largest. It required that the balance of Millar's estate was to be converted to cash ten years after his death and given to the Toronto woman who gave birth to the most children in that time. In the event of a tie, the bequest would be divided equally. The resulting contest became known as the Great Stork Derby.
The Supreme Court of Canada validated the will; Millar had prepared it with care. The will survived ten years of litigation, including attempts by Millar's distant relatives to have it declared invalid, and the Derby continued uninterrupted. Because of Millar's long-term investments, particularly one of land adjacent to the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel that turned a $2 investment into over $100,000, his estate increased drastically during the ten years, and was worth $568,106 when it was finally liquidated. Its value was enhanced as it accumulated during a deflationary economic period.
Most of this prize was shared by four Toronto women who each had nine children, receiving $110,000 each, although three of the four had to pay back to the City of Toronto relief money they had collected. The estate also paid $12,500 each to two women with dubious claims to a share in the prize so as to end litigation.
The contest inspired a Canadian made-for-television movie, The Stork Derby, which starred Megan Follows.
It was speculated that Millar prepared this clause in his will to discourage indiscriminate births and discredit prohibitions against birth control.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Further reading
Wilton, Elizabeth (1994). Bearing the Burden: The Great Toronto Stork Derby, 1926–1938. (Ottawa) National Library of Canada. .
External links
Charles Vance Millar's will
"The Toronto 'Stork Derby' Baby Race" at Snopes
1853 births
1926 deaths
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian racehorse owners and breeders
History of British Columbia
Cariboo people
Wills and testaments by person
Practical jokes
Owners of King's Plate winners |
Samurai Over Serbia is the second full-length album by Fishtank Ensemble. It was independently released by the band in 2007. Traditional eastern European, gypsy jazz, klezmer and original tunes are arranged to fit the ensemble's unconventional, but imaginative sound. The groups sound is "consistently captivating, as if Gypsy swing continued to swirl around the world, picking up new inflections at every turn."
Track listing
"Saraiman" (traditional, arr. F. Martinez) – 4:09
"Turkish March" (W.A. Mozart, arr. A. Seeman) – 2:59
"Tchavo" (traditional, arr. F. Martinez) – 4:30
"Face the Dragon" (music & arr. by F. Martinez) – 4:06
"Gitanos Californeros" (D. Smolens, arr. Paco de Lucia) – 5:38
"Spirit Prison" (music by D. Smolens, K. Kmetz, lyrics by U. Knudson) – 3:58
"Fraima" (Cesare & GianCarlo dell'Anna, arr. F. Martinez) – 3:45
"Youkali" (Kurt Weill) – 4:52
"Ezraoul" (arr. F. Martinez) – 2:55
"Mehum Mato" (traditional, arr. F. Martinez) – 7:16
"Samurai Over Serbia" (traditional, arr. F. Martinez) – 7:33
"Extremely Large Congenial Romanian" (music and arr. A Seeman) – 2:23
"Yasaburpo Bush" (traditional, arr. M. Penny) – 4:43
Personnel
Fabrice Martinez - violin, violomba
Ursula Knudson - vocals, violin, musical saw, banjolele, percussion
Douglas Smolens (el Douje) - guitar
Aaron Seeman (Duckmandu) - accordion
Djordje Stijepovic - upright bass on tracks 1, 2, 4, 9, 11
Andy Zacharias - upright bass on tracks 3, 5–8, 10, 12
Mike Penny - Tsugaru shamisen, guitar
Kevin Kmetz - additional shamisen tracks on track 4, guitar tracks on track 12
Notes
External links
Samurai Over Serbia at CD Baby
Official Website
2007 albums |
Mary Downing Sheldon Barnes (September 15, 1850August 27, 1898) was an American educator and historian. Her teaching style and publications were considered ahead of their time. She used a method that encouraged students to develop their own research skills utilizing primary sources and their own problem solving skills. Sheldon was teacher of and major influence on author and socialist Anna Strunsky.
Biography
Youth and education
Mary Downing Sheldon was born in Oswego, New York, the oldest of five children, to Frances Stiles and Edward Austin Sheldon. Her father was the founder of the Oswego State Normal and Training School, known for its Pestalozzian principles. Her upbringing drastically deviated from traditional nineteenth-century norms, as both her parents encouraged scholarly education and fostered her inquisitive spirit. Sheldon attended Oswego public schools and a dual program at Oswego Normal, graduating in 1869 as a certified teacher with specialized training in classical studies.
After graduation, she taught there for two years, before becoming enrolled in the first coeducational class at University of Michigan in 1871. Sheldon was a founding member of the Quadrantic Circle, a precursor to sororities. While at Michigan, she studied extensively under the direction of Moses Coit Tyler, a professor of English language and literature within historical and political contexts. She also studied under Charles Kendall Adams, a proponent of the German seminar method of teaching history However, she also took particular interest in the natural sciences. She graduated with an AB in classical studies in 1874.
Teaching and career
Sheldon returned to Oswego State Normal after her graduation to teach history, Latin, Greek and botany. In January 1877 she began teaching at Wellesley College in the English and history departments for two and a half years. Her teaching style was considered unorthodox at the time, using the case method process introduced by her father in the Oswego Movement. Drawing from the teachings of Pestalozzi and Leopold von Ranke, Sheldon encouraged helping students build problem-solving skills while learning historical inquiry. She encouraged her students to move beyond rote memorization. Rather than a textbook, she used a collection of primary source reproductions. With firsthand reading of powerful documents of history, students could generate a dialogue about history's biggest questions. However, faculty at Wellesley disapproved of her methods. In 1879 she resigned due to poor health and internal conflicts at the college, leaving behind teaching to travel abroad and rest. In 1882 she returned to Oswego Normal to write her work Studies in General History, which was published in 1885 for secondary-school students.
On August 6, 1885, she married Earl Barnes, a former student, who was eleven years her junior. While Barnes taught at various universities, Sheldon concentrated on her writing and collaboration with historian Andrew Dickson White. In 1891 Barnes was appointed head of the department of education at Stanford University, where he implemented her method studies of educational history and child development. In March 1892 Sheldon joined the department of history at Stanford as the first female faculty member. As an assistant professor, she taught 19th-century European and Pacific Slope history. The couple collaborated on Studies in American History which was published in 1891 for eighth-grade students. However, Sheldon owned the copyright to the text. She also conducted research in four California school districts regarding the source method and educational philosophy, through which she designed a history curriculum that accounted for developmental changes. Sheldon would go on to publish Studies in Historical Method, which was directed towards teachers and layman historians interested in learning about historical method. In 1897, the couple resigned from Stanford to travel and write in Europe.
Death and legacy
Sheldon's health had always been of serious concern, and her chronic illness worsened while abroad. She underwent an unsuccessful new medical procedure to treat an organic heart disease. On August 27, 1898, she died in London. Per her request, Barnes buried her in a Protestant cemetery in Rome.
Her teaching method encouraged students to "study the primary sources in an 'independent and solitary' way using her questions as guides to problem solving...in order to develop the students abilities to observe, weigh evidence, to generalize and to exercise creative historical imagination." This approach was described as progressive for the time, utilizing a case method that "hastened the improvement of more conventional history textbooks." Studies in General History incited debate among leading historians and educators. The American Historical Association's Committee of Seven issued a report in 1899, rejecting Sheldon's approach to teaching. The panel, chaired by Andrew C. McLaughlin, recommended "limited contact with a limited body of materials, an examination of which may show the child the nature of the historical process." Though largely ignored in print, her teaching philosophy, especially in relation to critical thinking for students, influenced the curricular structure of general education courses in the mid-twentieth century. However, modern critics of Sheldon's work note her limited sociocultural views and blinding patriotism.
In 1985 and 1986, the Mary Sheldon Barnes Papers and Earl Barnes Papers were donated to the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College by Betty Barnes, the daughter-in-law of Earl Barnes, and his second wife, Anna Koehler Barnes.
List of works
Books
Barnes, Mary Sheldon (1885). Studies in General History. Boston, Health & Co., 1885.
Studies in American History. Boston, Heath & Co., 1891.
Studies in Greek and Roman History, 1894.
Studies in Historical Method, 1896.
Essays
Barnes, Mary Sheldon (1879).
— (May 1882). "Poor White Trash". Cornhill Magazine 45: 579–584.
— (July 1895). "History: A Definition and a Forecast". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 6 (5): 285–290.
— (July 1889). "General History in the High School". The Academy: Journal of Secondary Education 4 (5): 285–290.
Barnes, Earl and Mary Sheldon (April 1898). "Collections of Sources in English for History Teachers". Educational Review 15: 331–338.
References
External links
"Our Miss Sheldon" - University of Michigan Heritage Project
Mary Sheldon Barnes Papers, 1850-1898, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College.
Mary Sheldon Barnes collections at Stanford University Libraries
1850 births
1898 deaths
19th-century American historians
American women academics
People from Oswego, New York
State University of New York at Oswego alumni
State University of New York at Oswego faculty
Wellesley College faculty
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Stanford University Department of History faculty
American women historians
19th-century American women writers
Historians from New York (state) |
is a Japanese gravure idol and actress who won "Miss Magazine 2008".
Personal life
On September 1, 2023, Sakuraba's agency announced her marriage to her non-celebrity husband.
Filmography
Drama
Akai Ito (2008) as Sara Nakagawa
Tokyo Girls (2008)
Nadeshiko Tai (2008) as Reiko Torihama
Ghost Town no Hana (2009) as Shiori Yanagawa
Twin Spica (2009) as Asumi Kamogawa
Koishite Akuma: Vampire Boy (2009) as Kaori Takagi
Boku to Star no 99 Nichi (2011) as Namiki Momo
Last Hope (2013) as Maki Tokita
The Limit (2013) as Mizuki Konno
Miss Pilot (2013) as Suzu Abeno
Silentpoor (2014) as Manaka
Hatashiai (2015) as Miya
Contrail (2016) as Keiko
Segodon (2018) as Saigō Koto
Scarlet (2019–20) as Naoko
13 (2020) as Yuria
Dreamteam (2021) as Akane
Galápagos (2023)
Films
Classmates (2008) as Yuki Hayakawa
Taiikukan Baby (2008) as Yuki Hayakawa
Heaven's bus (2008)
Akai Ito (2008) as Sara Nakagawa
Summer Wars (2009) as Natsuki Shinohara
Shodo Girls (2010)
The Last Ronin (2010) as Kane
Sabi Girls Sabi Boys (2011)
Tengoku Kara no Yell (2011)
Runway Beat (2011) as Mei Tsukamoto
.hack//The Movie (2012) as Yūki Sora (voice)
The After-Dinner Mysteries (2013)
The Werewolf Game: The Villagers Side (2013) as Airi Nishina
Attack On Titan (2015) as Sasha
Attack On Titan : End of the World (2015) as Sasha
Trumpetofthe Cliff (2016) as Aoi
Manhunt (2017) as Rika
Our Departures (2018) as Yuri Sasaki
Yakiniku Dragon (2018) as Mika
Midnight Horror: Six Nights Segment: Order (2022) as May
Eternal New Mornings (2023) as Megumi Sasaki
Video games
The Centennial Case: A Shijima Story (2022) as Haruka Kagami
Other TV programs
(TBS)
CM
Softbank Telecom
Suntoryfoods Nacchan Orange (23 February 2010)
Lotte Ghana Milk Chocolate (April 19, 2010)
National Fire Prevention poster campaign in spring (2010)
Japan Post Bank"Yucho Kazoku"(2010)
Mitsubishi Estate"Mitsubishi Jisho Wo Mini Ikou"(2010)
Lawson (2015)
Izumi Syuzou (2016)
Radio
SCHOOL OF LOCK! "GIRLS LOCKS!"(Tokyo FM)
Music Videos
Exo's For Life Music Video (Korean and Mandarin Version) (2016)
Awards and nominations
See also
bump.y
Maki Horikita (same agency)
Meisa Kuroki (same agency)
Mirei Kiritani (same agency)
Nao Minamisawa (same agency)
Sara Takatsuki (same agency)
References
External links
Official website
1992 births
Japanese gravure idols
Living people
People from Kagoshima Prefecture
Singers from Kagoshima Prefecture
21st-century Japanese actresses |
Sextus Pedius was a Roman jurist during the late first and early second centuries. He was a contemporary to the Roman Jurists Aulus Ofilius and Massurius Sabinus, and also mentioned in the writings of Pomponius.
Pedius' original ideas are only known from the quotations from the Roman jurists Julius Paulus, Ulpian, and Julian. These quotations have survived, although Pedius' original works were not directly incorporated into the Digest. He was the author of extensive commentary on the edicts or proclamations concerning the Praetorian Guard and the aediles. Two of his writings are known: the Libri ad Edictum (The Books of Edicts, of which Julius Paulus quotes the twenty-fifth), and the Libri de Stipulationibus (The Books of Agreements), concerning legal interpretation.
In a passage quoted by Julius Paulus from the Libri de Stipulationibus, Pedius states with respect to the interpretation of wills,
It is best not to scrutinize the proper signification of words, but mainly what the testator has intended to declare; in the next place, what is the opinion of those who live in each district.
In other words, the intention of a testator should prevail over the literal meaning of his words, if they should appear to be in conflict; and that ambiguity should be resolved according to the local practice or understanding in the place where the testator lived.
With respect to general interpretation, Pedius observes, in a passage quoted by Ulpian,
That when one or two things are introduced by a lex, it is a good ground for supplying the rest which tends to the same useful purpose by interpretation, or at least by jurisdiction.
Meaning that ambiguity resulting from a law failing to address a specific circumstance should be resolved in a way that is consistent with the underlying purpose of the law, either generally or by its local understanding.
The various citations to the authority of Pedius contained in the Digest are collected by Wieling.
See also
Pedia gens
References
Bibliography
Digesta, or Pandectae (The Digest).
Guilielmus Grotius, De Vitae Jurisconsultorum (Lives of the Jurists), Felix Lopez, Brittenburg, (1690).
Abraham Wieling, Jurisprudentia Restituta, seu Index Chronologicus in Totum Juris Justinianaei Corpus (Jurisprudence Restored, or a Chronological Index to the Whole Code of Justinian), Abraham van Paddenburgh, Utrecht (1739).
Sigmund Wilhelm Zimmern, Geschichte des Römischen Privatrechts bis Justinian (History of Roman Private Law to Justinian), J. C. B. Mohr, Heidelberg (1826).
Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849), s. v. Sextus Pedius, vol. III, pp. 164, 165.
"Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law", in Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 43, part 2, p. 625 (1953), s. v. Sextus Pedius, p. 625.
50 births
120 deaths
Ancient Roman jurists
1st-century Romans
2nd-century Romans
Pedii |
This article shows all participating team squads at the 2003 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup, held from November 16 to November 29, 2003 in several cities in Japan.
Head Coach: Bernardo Rezende
Head Coach: Stelio DeRocco
Head Coach: Di Anhe
Head Coach: Veselin Vuković
Head Coach: Philippe Blain
Head Coach: Gian Paolo Montali
Head Coach: Mikiyasu Tanaka
Head Coach: Ljubomir Travica
Head Coach: Cha Joo-Hyun
Head Coach: Antonio Giacobbe
Head Coach: Doug Beal
Head Coach: Miguel Cambero
References
FIVB
F
S |
Littleville Lake is located mostly in the town of Chester in Hampden County and partly in the town of Huntington in Hampshire County, Massachusetts. It was created by the US Army Corps of Engineers when the Middle Branch of the Westfield River was dammed to control flooding.
External links
USACE: Littleville Lake
Reservoirs in Massachusetts
Lakes of Hampden County, Massachusetts
Lakes of Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Hampden County, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Hampshire County, Massachusetts
Protected areas of Hampden County, Massachusetts
Protected areas of Hampshire County, Massachusetts |
Jimmy Cooper (1907–1977) was a hammered dulcimer player from Scotland.
Cooper was born in Coatbridge, Scotland, near Glasgow. He started to play the dulcimer around age twelve, and gained a lot of experience by playing in dance halls and busking in the early 1920s. Over the course of his life he worked at various jobs, including driving buses, driving an ambulance for a children's home, and running a dance band. His repertoire included traditional Irish and Scottish tunes, pop tunes, show tunes, and more. He was "discovered" as part of the folk revival in the early 1970s, and helped inspire players of the younger generation such as John McCutcheon and Malcolm Dalglish. McCutcheon described Cooper as "the most complete dulcimer player" he had met.
Discography
As principal performer
Dulcimer Player, Spoot Records / Forest Tracks FTS3009, 1976 (reissued on cassette as FTC6022, 1988)
Dulcimer Player, Forest Tracks FTBTCD1, 2003 (reissue of 1976 album with three additional tracks from FT3008, and four previously unissued tracks)
In Concert, Forest Tracks FTC6023, 1988
Other appearances
Various artists, Southern By-Ways, Forest Tracks FT3008, 1976 (appears on four tracks)
The Boys of the Lough, Good Friends – Good Music, Philo PH1051, 1977 (appears on one track, playing Cadam Woods and The Bonnie Lass of Bon Accord)
Ashley Hutchings, Kicking Up the Sawdust, Harvest SHSP 4073, 1977
References
Liner notes for Dulcimer Player
Gifford, Paul M. (2001), The Hammered Dulcimer: A History, The Scarecrow Press, Inc. .
Interviews, photos, transcriptions, etc.: David Kettlewell "The Dulcimer" (PhD thesis)
Scottish folk musicians
British hammered dulcimer players
Scottish buskers
1907 births
1977 deaths
People from Coatbridge
20th-century Scottish male musicians |
Fall River F.C. was an American soccer club based in Fall River, Massachusetts. During the 1920s and early 1930s they were one of the most successful soccer clubs in the United States, winning the American Soccer League on six occasions. They also won the National Challenge Cup four times. In 1924 they won the first ASL / Challenge Cup double and were subsequently the American soccer champions three times in succession. Between 1928 and 1930 they won a further three titles in a row. In 1930 they completed a treble, winning the ASL title, the Challenge Cup and the Lewis Cup. The same year they also toured Central Europe.
The 'Marksmen' played their home games at Mark's Stadium, one of the earliest examples of a soccer-specific stadium in the United States. In 1931 the franchise relocated and merged twice. They first moved to New York, where they merged with New York Soccer Club and became the New York Yankees. They actually won their fourth National Challenge Cup after they became the Yankees, but due to complications following the merger it was credited to the 'Marksmen'. The Yankees later moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts, where they merged with Fall River F.C. to become the New Bedford Whalers.
History
Early years
In 1921 the Southern New England Soccer League and the National Association Football League effectively merged to form the American Soccer League. A new team Fall River United were formed to enter the ASL. During the inaugural season United struggled, finishing sixth out of eight, and were on the verge of folding. After the first ASL season United could not agree to terms on a lease for their playing grounds for the following season. Subsequently a joint bid with United and the Fall River Rovers to continue in the ASL was denied while Sam Mark's bid was accepted by the league. He built a new stadium at Tiverton, RI to host his new team Fall River F.C.
Mark was willing to invest in the club and one of his first moves was to build the team its own stadium. Mark's Stadium was located in North Tiverton, Rhode Island, just over the Massachusetts border from Fall River. As a result, the club was now able circumvent the Massachusetts' Blue Laws and play on a Sunday. Crucially, Mark also managed to recruit Harold Brittan from Bethlehem Steel. During the 1922–23 season Brittan scored 19 goals in 23 games and subsequently went on to serve the 'Marksmen' for nearly a decade as a player, coach and manager. Other notable signings included winger James White and full-back Tommy Martin, both from Motherwell, full-back Charlie McGill from Third Lanark and wing-half Bill McPherson from Beith. Together with goalkeeper Findlay Kerr, who joined the following season, White, McGill and McPherson would become the backbone of the 'Marksmen' team throughout its short history.
Golden Era
The 1920s and early 1930s are sometimes described as the Golden Era of U.S. soccer and it was Fall River F.C. that emerged as the era's dominant team. During the 1923–24 season the 'Marksmen' completely dominated the league. They eventually won their first league title, finishing 6 points clear of Bethlehem Steel. Harold Brittan again spearheaded the offense, scoring 15 goals. However the strength of the team lay in a strong defense which included Ned Tate and Findlay Kerr, who kept an incredible 14 clean sheets during the league season. The season also saw the 'Marksmen' go on to complete the first ASL / National Challenge Cup double. In the semi-final of the Challenge Cup, the 'Marksmen' defeated the 'Steelmen' 2–0 at Dexter Park in front of 20,000 fans. On March 30, 1924 the final attracted 14,000 fans to the High School Field in St. Louis, Missouri, where they witnessed the 'Marksmen' defeat St. Louis Vesper Buick 4–2. The only disappointment for the Marksmen during the season came when they lost 1–0 to the 'Steelmen' in the final of the American Cup.
The 'Marksmen' went on to win further ASL titles in 1924–25 and 1925–26, completing a three in a row sequence. They won it again in 1928–29 and then completed a four in a row when they won further titles in the Fall 1929, Spring 1930 and Fall 1930 seasons.
On May 1, 1927, the Marksmen also won their second National Challenge Cup, defeating Holley Carburetor F.C. 7–0 before a crowd of 10,000 at the University of Detroit Stadium.
From the beginning the 'Marksmen' regularly recruited Scottish Football League journeymen, sometimes directly from Scottish clubs but also from other ASL teams, most notably Bethlehem Steel. However two of their most notable players, Billy Gonsalves and Bert Patenaude, actually grew up in Fall River itself. Both players first established themselves at other ASL clubs – Gonsalves at Boston Soccer Club and Patenaude at Philadelphia Field Club – before forming a formidable partnership at the 'Marksmen'. In 1930, the duo played a major role in helping the 'Marksmen' win a treble. During the Spring 1930 season, when the ASL played as the Atlantic Coast League, they scored 44 league goals in 26 games as the Marksmen won another league title. In the 1930 National Challenge Cup the Marksmen defeated Cleveland Bruell Insurance in a two-leg final. They just about finished off the Cleveland team when they won the opening leg, 7–2, on March 30 at the Polo Grounds. Jimmy McAuley and Werner Nilsen each scored a hat-trick while Alex McNab scored the other Fall River goal. On April 6 at Luna Park in Cleveland, Fall River took the second leg, 2–1, with further goals from McNab and Bob McAuley, no relation to Jimmy. They completed the treble when they won the Lewis Cup defeating Hakoah All-Stars 2–1 and 3–0 in another two-legged final.
European Tours
Throughout their short history the Marksmen regularly provided opposition for touring European teams and, more often than not, they held their own. On September 19, 1926, the Marksmen beat Sparta Prague 3–2. On June 3, 1928, at Mark's Stadium, a capacity crowd of 15,000 saw goalkeeper Jimmy Douglas keep a clean sheet as the Marksmen held Rangers to a 0–0 tie. Then on August 26, 1928, at the same venue they beat an Italian League XI, playing as Palestra Italia, 4–2. In 1930 they played Rangers twice. On May 30 they lost 3–2 with Billy Gonsalves and Werner Nilsen scoring the Fall River goals. The goalkeeper that day was Johnny Reder who later played baseball with Boston Red Sox. However a few weeks later on June 22 they lost 6–1 at the Polo Grounds. Guest player Archie Stark scored the only goal for Fall River. In between these games they beat Kilmarnock 3–0 at Mark's Stadium on June 15. Stark scored the opening goal with Alex McNab and Bob McAuley adding the other two.
While teams from Europe regularly toured North America, it was rare for an ASL team to play overseas. However, in August 1930 the Marksmen toured Central Europe, playing six games in Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary. The squad included, among others, Bill Harper, Alex McNab, Jerry Best and Werner Nilsen as well as veterans James White, Charlie McGill and Bill McPherson and guest player Archie Stark. Both Billy Gonsalves and Bert Patenaude were playing with the United States at the 1930 FIFA World Cup and did not travel. They opened the tour on August 20 with a 2–2 tie against Slavia Prague in front of a crowd of 18,000. This was the first of two games against Slavia. They lost the other 4–0 on August 28. They also played FK Austria Wien twice, losing the first game 6–0 on August 23 before winning the second 3–1 the following day. On August 30 they won their second game when they put three goals past ŠK Slovan Bratislava. The tour came to an end on August 31 when they lost 6–2 to Ferencvárosi TC. The tour ended early, and in dispute, with Fall River unhappy about their share of the gate receipts.
Fall River/Yankees
The 'Marksmen' returned from their European tour, and started the Fall 1930 season late, but that didn't stop them from winning their seventh league title, despite playing only 27 out of 30 games. However, by this stage the effects of the Great Depression had seen attendance fall at Mark's Stadium. As a result, Sam Mark moved the club to New York, hoping that a new market there would be more lucrative. Once there he merged the club with New York Soccer Club and renamed them the New York Yankees. Before the merger was finalized, however, Fall River F.C. had entered the 1931 National Challenge Cup and Mark was unable to re-register them as the Yankees. As a result, the Spring 1931 season saw them continue to play in the Challenge Cup as the Fall River F.C. while at the same time playing as the New York Yankees in the ASL. While the Yankees only managed to finish third in the ASL, the Marksmen won the cup. Largely on the goalscoring strength of Billy Gonsalves, with 9, and Bert Patenaude, with 13, they reached the final where they eventually beat Chicago Bricklayers in a final played as a three-game series. The last of these three games is officially regarded as the last game the 'Marksmen' ever played. The first leg of the final was played on April 5 at the Polo Grounds, where the 'Marksmen' won 6–2, and seemingly established a clear lead. Patenaude scored five goals in that game while Bill McPherson added the other. A week later at Mills Stadium in Chicago, the Bricklayers kept the series alive by earning a 1–1 tie. This time Gonsalves got on the score sheet. Sparta Stadium in Chicago attracted 4,500 for the deciding game on April 19. The 'Marksmen' could only field 10 players after their captain, Alex McNab, broke his arm in a midweek friendly and the club had neglected to bring along any reserves. Despite this they still managed to win 2–0 with goals from Patenaude and Gordon Burness.
Year-by-year
Honors
American Soccer League
Winners 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26, 1928–29, 1929, 1930: 6
National Challenge Cup
Winners 1924, 1927, 1930, 1931: 4
Lewis Cup
Winners 1930: 1
Runners Up 1925: 1
American Cup
Runners Up 1924: 1
Notable players
Notable coaches
Harold Brittan: 1922–1926
Fred Morley
References
1922 establishments in Massachusetts
1931 disestablishments in Massachusetts
American Soccer League (1921–1933) teams
Defunct soccer clubs in Massachusetts
Marksmen
Association football clubs established in 1922
Association football clubs disestablished in 1931
Tiverton, Rhode Island
U.S. Open Cup winners |
Hajvazi () is a village in the municipality of Osmaci, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mass grave
In Hajvazi on 20 September 2012, the International Commission on Missing Persons uncovered a mass grave containing the remains of eight Bosnian Muslim individuals, seven men and one woman killed by Serbs in November 1992 during the Bosnian War. The victims were piled atop of each other. Their remains were exhumed from the mass grave, which was located in the yard of a private house. The exhumation concluded on 27 September 2012 and the remains were transported to the Commemorative Centre in Tuzla for forensic testing and DNA analysis to determine the identity of the victims. Following the discovery of the eight victims, there are still an additional 30 Bosnian Muslim victims from the Osmaci area that remain missing.
On 1 June 2013, some of the victims found in the mass grave were buried in a Šehidsko mezarje (Martyr Cemetery) in Memići alongside victims found in the Crni Vrh mass grave and the mass grave in Kazanbašča by Zvornik.
References
Populated places in Osmaci
Villages in Republika Srpska |
Kalamassery is a station of Kochi Metro. The station is located between Muttom and Cochin University, in the municipality of Kalamassery.
It was inaugurated by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi on 17 June and opened for public on 19 June 2017 as a part of the first stretch of the metro system, between Aluva and Palarivattom.
References
Kochi Metro stations
Railway stations in India opened in 2017 |
Bryn Thomas (born 19 August 1979) is a South African cricketer. He played in thirteen first-class and twelve List A matches for Border in 2009 and 2010.
See also
List of Border representative cricketers
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
South African cricketers
Border cricketers
Cricketers from Durban |
The Afghan National Army Special Operations Command was a special forces formation of the Afghan National Army, established in 2011 and effectively dispersed after the defeat of the government by the Taliban in 2021.
The ANA commandos comprised only seven percent of the Afghan defence and security forces, however they may have fought in 70 percent to 80 percent of the fighting during the War in Afghanistan.
Predecessors
The history of special units in the Afghan military dates back to the Kingdom of Afghanistan in 1965 when the 242nd Battalion, the first paratrooper unit of the Afghan Army, was formed during Mohammad Zahir Shah’s reign. Captain Habibullah would serve as first commander of the battalion after recently returning from Fort Benning to Afghanistan. In 1966 and 1967, two more paratrooper units known as the 444th and the 455th Commando Battalions were created as part of the 1st Army Corps.
Afghan Army Major Rahmatullah Safi would be appointed as the chief of staff for the 444th Commando Battalion, and he’d become a commander for the brigade only a year later. The new commander would prove to be a suitable leader for the newly-formed 444th Battalion as he had been trained in the British Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and the Soviet Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School. In the years 1962 and 1963, he and other commando brigades worked alongside the "National Mujahideen of Pashtunistan" against the Pakistani government, after the unsuccessful Bajaur campaign of 1960-1961.
One of the first major commando operations in-country involved the suppression of anti-government protests by the Islamic clergy on the night of May 24, 1970, with the operation lasting until the day after. Up to 1,500 mullahs from the southern and eastern regions of Afghanistan gathered in Pul-e-Khishti mosque in Kabul, protesting against the activities of the Marxist-Leninist People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan and the publication of the Parcham newspaper, which published an article on the centenary of the birth of Vladimir Lenin. Subordinates of Major Safi, using tanks and armoured vehicles, blocked the mosque, and then asked the mullahs to clear the premises where they’d be put on buses and deported from the capital.
On July 17, 1973, soldiers from the 444th Commando Brigade would become Mohammad Daoud Khan’s main striking force during the 1973 Afghan coup d'état as under the leadership of the Chief of Operations of the Battalion Headquarters Captain Faiz Mohammed, the commandos were involved in seizing Kabul International Airport, disarming the Royal Guard and arresting Crown Prince Ahmad Shah and Lieutenant General Abdul Wali Khan. The 1973 coup would result in Daoud Khan becoming first president of the Republic of Afghanistan, turning the country into a one-party autocratic state.
Under Daoud Khan’s presidency, the creation of more special commando units began with the establishment of the 466th Regiment (2nd Army Corps, Kandahar) in 1975 and the 666th Regiment (3rd Army Corps, Khost, Nadir Shah Kot District) in 1977. Soldiers from the 444th Commando Brigade would be sent to the city of Jalalabad after skirmishes along the Afghan-Pakistani border in 1974. The commando brigades would see more action during Daoud’s tenure as one year later, a young Ahmad Shah Massoud would start a rebellion in Panjshir Province against the Republican government on July 1975, along with Gulbuddin Hekmetyar, being assisted by the military intelligence service of Pakistan. Although the uprising in Panjshir saw initial success after a military garrison in Rokha District was taken by the militants, Daoud Khan sent troops to Panjshir, including the 444th Commando Brigade where they’d see action and engage with armed militants. The failed 1975 rebellion in Panjshir ended with a complete victory for the Afghan government, resulting in Massoud and Gulbuddin both fleeing to Pakistan and any form of rebellion in Panjshir being crushed.
Commandos under the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
On 27th April 1978, a violent, pro-communist military coup commonly referred to as the “Saur Revolution” was staged by the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan, resulting in the overthrow and death of Mohammed Daoud Khan and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In contrast to the heavy involvement of commando brigades in Daoud’s 1973 coup d'état, the participation of commandos in the 1978 coup was not as significant as the Saur Revolution rather saw bombardments from the Afghan Air Force (using Sukhoi Su-7 strike fighters), artillery units, armoured units and firefights where Republican loyalists in the Afghan Army and police battled with Afghan Army units affiliated with the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan.
Although this doesn’t mean that commando brigades didn’t take part in the Saur Revolution, as Republican loyalist officers would find themselves in combat with supporters of the PDPA from the 242nd Airborne, 444th and 455th Commando Battalions. Additionally, Lieutenant General Shahnawaz Tanai, a former paratrooper, would also take part in the coup and take command of the 444th Battalion on the early morning of the 28th of April.
Even after the violent overthrow of Daoud Khan, the growth and creation of commando units didn’t cease or slow down as the 26th Airborne Regiment was later formed from the 242nd Airborne and 455th Battalion. Urban writes that the 26th Airborne Regiment was stationed at Bala Hissar fort in Kabul, but was subsequently moved to Bagram and reformed. On the 5th of August 1979, the 26th Airborne Battalion would become politically unreliable as a series of purges and executions orchestrated by the Khalq faction would lead to the Bala Hissar uprising, partially involving some units of the 444th Commando Brigade that mutinied. The commando mutineers fought alongside Maoist mujahideen groups, more specifically, the Afghanistan Liberation Organization and the Afghanistan Mujahedin Freedom Fighters Front. The Khalq government would respond to the uprising with an aerial bombardment from Afghan MiG fighter planes, supported by tanks and artillery arresting and executing captured rebels in Pul-e-Charkhi prison After the uprising was put down, ending in victory for the Afghan government, the Khalq later reorganised the 26th Airborne Regiment into the 37th Commando Battalion. On the 15th of October, the 444th Regiment was ordered to suppress another rebellion started by Afghan Army mutineers of the 7th Infantry Division in Rishkhor on the southwestern outskirts of Kabul. On December 27, 1979, among many other Afghan officers who died during the Tajbeg Palace assault, was Lieutenant Colonel Mohammed Yakub, who became Chief of the General Staff during the Saur Revolution. He was wounded in hand-to-hand combat with fighters of Major Rozin’s group from the Zenith detachment, and then shot dead by Abdul Wakil, who’d later become the Afghan Foreign Minister. The next day, some commando units participated in an attempted rebellion undertaken by officers loyal to Hafizullah Amin, the president of Afghanistan assassinated during the Tajbeg Palace assault.
Involvement in the Kerala massacre
The 444th Commando Brigade (along with the 11th Division) would also commit the Kerala massacre, indiscriminately shooting and killing up to 1,000 civilians, including women, children, the elderly and the disabled. Major Saddiq Alamyar, commander of the 444th Commando Brigade. He was arrested by the Parcham government led by Babrak Karmal and remained in jail for a decade, before he took refuge in the Netherlands in the 1990s where he still resides in Rotterdam. The case against Saddiq was ultimately dropped by the Dutch Office of Prosecutors due to a lack of evidence.
In 1980, the strengthening of commando units continued. The 37th Battalion (formerly the 26th Airborne Regiment) was now deployed into a brigade, although retaining its roots: the fighters underwent airborne training, and the unit included the only airborne service in the entire Afghan army. In addition, in the same year, separate special-purpose companies were created in each of the three army corps, deployed in 1981 to the 203rd, 212th and 230th special-purpose battalions (SpN), reporting directly to the Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA).
The Commando Brigades were, in contrast, considered reliable and were used as mobile strike forces until they sustained excessive casualties. Insurgents ambushed and inflicted heavy casualties on the 38th Commando Brigade during the Second Battle of Zhawar in Paktika Province in May 1983. After sustaining heavy casualties, the commando brigades were turned into battalions.
On April 1986, the Afghan Army would successfully capture a territory near Khost known as Javara during Operation Trap, although Afghan commando units sustained heavy casualties during its capture and the mujahideen would take it back from the Afghan government months later. An incident also occurred where units of the 37th Battalion and the 466th Battalion accidentally landed in Pakistan, being flown there by Afghan Air Force helicopter pilots, 2 to 8 kilometres away from the originally intended landing area. The accidental landing was either played off of as a mistake by the pilots, or thought of as deliberate sabotage during the very beginning of the operation. Infantry units and the 666th Regiment from Khost, advancing along the border, could not come to the aid of the paratroopers, and after two days of fighting, the commandos were surrounded and the ammunition ran out. Commander Major Kalandar Shah ordered the commandos to retreat west, and then called artillery fire on his own position. 231 soldiers and officers of the 37th and the 466th Brigade were killed or captured. Only 18 people survived.
Soviet troops and additional Afghan forces, including the 203rd Special Purpose Battalion (tied to KHAD-e-Nezami, the intelligence wing of the Afghan Armed Forces, separate from KHAD) and units of the 38th Commando Battalion, had to be put into battle. Javara was finally captured which allowed Kabul to announce a major victory over the mujahideen. A parade of military units that participated in the operation was held in Kabul, and on August 19, 1986, during the celebration of Army Day, Defense Minister Lieutenant General Nazar Mohammed called the 37th Brigade, the 7th and 8th Infantry Divisions, as well as the 61st Separate Infantry Regiment, the pride of the Afghan Armed Forces. The Revolutionary Council of the DRA awarded the honorary name of "hero" to the 37th Commando Battalion, the 322nd Fighter Aviation Regiment and the 2nd Border Brigade. At the same time, the title of Hero of the DRA was introduced. It is noteworthy that of the first four Afghan heroes, two were commandos: Faiz Mohammed (posthumously) and Lieutenant Juma Khan from the 37th “Hero” Commando Battalion. Additionally, some paratroopers of the 37th Commando Brigade were taught how to use Nunchaku by the Soviet Airborne Forces.
The fate of Juma Khan is, in a sense, indicative of the officer corps of commando units at that time. As a sergeant, he received the first officer rank for combat distinctions - like many other platoon commanders who didn’t have special training and often even secondary education. The number of officers who completed a short training course was steadily growing, but no more than 10-15 graduates of the Military University of the DRA arrived in the commando units every year.
In such a situation, all attempts at further deployment of the commando units stalled. The 444th Battalion was reorganised into a brigade [regiment-Giustozzi] consisting of six battalions (for comparison, the 37th Brigade had three). Since 1983, the regiment was stationed in Panjshir, and subsequently the 2nd Infantry Division was created on its basis. The rest of the units (the 37th and 38th Brigades, the 466th and 666th Regiments, the 203rd, 212th and 230th Special Forces battalions) from April 28, 1986 became part of the commando air assault troops - a new type of troops of the DRA Armed Forces since April 28, 1986. All these units were ordered to be fully equipped with weapons, equipment and personnel, for which the units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of State Security were obliged to allocate several hundred military personnel. Since May 1987, the formation of two more regiments began (seemingly the 84th and 85th), and in September 1988 - an additional four assault battalions. Plans to create these four battalions were however abandoned in 1988.
In practice, all these plans could not be realized. By spring 1988, out of the authorized 11,550 personnel in the airborne assault forces (commandos), only 43% were present. The worst situation was with the staffing of servicemen in the short-term service (so-called school sergeants) - only 28%. Out of 102 tanks, only 14% were operational, with exactly four units in working condition. The staffing of BMPs (infantry fighting vehicles) was 22%, while for BTRs (armored personnel carriers) it was 60%. All the rocket artillery systems "Grad" arrived for the 37th Commando Brigade, but without transport-loading vehicles.
Every year, commandos lost about 10% of the personnel, and two-thirds of this number were deserters, but even against the background of other Afghan units, they looked formidable. Being the most combat-ready force at the disposal of the Kabul government, they were used not only for air assault operations at the forefront of advancing troops, but also to escort columns, cover the border, protect communications and the most important facilities. In 1988, in the 37th Brigade and three former special purpose battalions, the break between combat operations was no more than a week. Nevertheless, many Afghans still wanted to try out for the commando brigades in hopes of having a red beret, the indicator of a commando. Among them were Lieutenant of the Medical Service Najiba and Khatool Mohammadzai, a parachute instructor who received the rank of brigadier general in 2003.
The commando air assault brigades would meet their end, being disbanded in the autumn of 1988 by President Mohammad Najibullah shortly before the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. All regiments and battalions were transferred under the command of army corps commanders. This decision was made because there were no more offensive operations planned, and there was a catastrophic shortage of forces to defend Kabul, Jalalabad, Khost, Kandahar, Herat, and other provincial capitals.
By the end of the 1980s, the conscription system for military service in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan had completely collapsed. In this situation, the Afghan military command focused on developing territorial and ethnic self-sustaining units, various militias, and armed groups that had switched sides to support the government such as Pader Watan and the Sarandoy. The strength of regular units dwindled, evidently through the 666th Commandos being destroyed in late March 1991 during the Siege of Khost. Information is unavailable for the fates of other brigades, regiments, and battalions, but none of them are listed among the units that came under the control of the Mujahideen in the spring of 1992. However, according to rumours,Shahnawaz Tanai, who had fled to Pakistan, managed to recruit a certain number of Pashtun commando officers into the ranks of the Talibanmovement.
Creation of the Commandos
In July 2007, the ANA graduated its first commandos, intended to form a battalion. The commandos underwent a grueling three-month course being trained by the United States Army Special Forces ("Green Berets"). They were fully equipped with U.S. equipment, and received specialized light infantry training with the capability to conduct raids, direct action, and reconnaissance. They also provided a centrally held rapid reaction force for the Afghan government.
Training was conducted at the Morehead Commando Training Center (Rish Khor camp), a former Taliban training compound located south of Kabul. The camp was reported as being in either Wardak Province or Kabul Province. Supply, logistics and operations training was conducted by mentors from Combined Security Transition Command-Afghanistan, United States Special Operations Forces, French Special Forces, and ANA Commando personnel themselves. The first ANA Commando Kandak graduated on July 24, 2007, with Colonel Fareed Ahmadi as the Kandak commander.
The unit drew personnel from all over Afghanistan from various Afghan Army units, taking in prospective Pashtuns, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek and Turkmen to prevent forms of tribal allegiance and bias.
3rd Special Forces Group and 7th Special Forces Group rotated responsibility to train and advise in Afghanistan.
Graduating classes
The 1st Commando Kandak (Battalion) - graduated on July 24, 2007 - stationed with the 201st 'Selab' (Flood) Corps.
The 203rd (2nd) Commando Battalion - Colonel Ggulam Nabi - graduated on October 16, 2007 - stationed with the 203rd 'Tandar' (Thunder) Corps of the Afghan National Army.
The 3rd Commando Kandak - graduated on January 30, 2008 - stationed with the 1st Brigade (Kandahar) of the 205th 'Atal' (Hero) Corps.
The 4th Commando Kandak - graduated on May 8, 2008 - stationed with the 1st Brigade (Herat) of the 207th 'Zafar' (Victory) Corps.
The 5th Commando Kandak - graduated in October 2008 - stationed with the 209th 'Shaheen' (Falcon) Corps.
The 6th Commando Kandak - graduated in May 2009, stationed with the 1st Commando Brigade
The 7th Commando Kandak - graduated on January 21, 2010, stationed with the 215th 'Maiwand' (Battle) Corps.
The 8th Commando Kandak "Lamer & Sun" - graduated on May 6, 2011, stationed with the ANA's 1st Commando Brigade.
The 9th Commando Kandak "Cobra" - graduated on August 17, 2010, stationed with the ANA's 1st Commando Brigade.
Operations
The first ANA Commando Kandak conducted its first operation, a two-day mission, in September 2007, southwest of Jalalabad in the Sherzad district of Nangarhar province. There they captured two large weapons caches, over 80 kg of opium and detained Haji Shir Khan, a known improvised explosive device maker.
November 2007: 3rd Toli, 1st Commando Kandak (201st Corps), conducted an air-assault raid at dawn on the compound of a high-level Taliban facilitator, kicking off a four-day offensive operation named Operation Commando Fury in the Tag Ab Valley, Kapisa Province, from November 10–14, 2007. A joint effort by the Afghan National Police and other ANA forces assisted the Commando kandak in disrupting the Taliban hold on the Tag Ab Valley.
December 2007: The second ANA Commando Kandak, originally from the 203rd Corps, conducted a series of raids throughout the Sabari district in Afghanistan's Khowst Province, Dec. 27–28, 2007. During the operation, the force arrested a suspected major insurgent facilitator primarily associated with the Hizb-i-Islami Afghanistan terrorist organization and believed to have ties to the Haqqani network terrorist group, the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. The combined Afghan force conducted the two-day operation without a shot being fired.
January 2008: The Third ANA Commando Kandak, originally from the 205th Corps, along with Coalition forces, conducted a four-day operation to disrupt insurgents activity in the volatile Tag Ab Valley of Kapisa Province January 19–23, 2008. The Third Commando Kandak patrolled the Naghlu Reservoir to the village of Jangali in order to disrupt insurgent activities in the center of the valley as the combined force moved north. This operation served as a graduation exercise to providing confidence in the abilities of the newly formed Commando Kandak.
February 2008: The second ANA Commando Kandak (203rd Corps), along with Coalition forces, captured a key insurgent facilitator in Khost Province February 9, 2008. The Ministry of Defense announced that ANA forces captured a known Taliban commander, Nasimulla, during a combined operation in the Dand Faqiran area of Yaqubi District.
February 2008: 1st Toli of the First ANA Commando Kandak (201st), conducted a night air-assault raid in Helmand Province to capture the Taliban leader Mullah Abdul Bari. Bari was one of the top remaining Taliban field commanders able to launch deadly attacks in Helmand and Uruzgan province. He led Taliban operations against the British in northern Helmand province in the Kajaki, Musa Qala, and Baghran districts. Bari was the former governor of Helmand under the Taliban regime.
The operation, named "Say Laab", meaning flood, utilized multiple helicopters and put over 100 commandos onto four separate targets simultaneously. The operation captured 11 combatants as well as destroying six enemy vehicles containing thousands of pounds of weapons and munitions, as well as nearly $8 million of illegal narcotics. Bari and 29 Taliban fighters were killed during the five-hour-long operation. The exact date of the operation wasn't given, but was reported to media by the U.S. Combined Joint Task Force 82 on March 1, 2008.
April 2008: one Commando Kandak (unknown designation) conducted operations in Nuristan Province on April 6, reportedly netted several members of the terrorist group Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (HIG). The mission led to a coalition airstrike that, along with the ground fighting, left as many as 20 insurgents dead.
By the end of 2008, the six ANA commando battalions were stationed in the southern region of Afghanistan assisting the Canadian forces.
Creation of Special Forces
A special operations unit was first conceptualized in 2009 and established in 2010.
The first Special Forces team, whose soldiers were selected from the ANA Commandos (this practice was discontinued later to preserve commando capability), finished training in May 2010. The organization was based on the US Army Special Forces. Initially all the Special Forces candidates were planned to come from the Commando Kandak (Commando Battalion), only requiring 10 weeks of training. However, after the initial period it was planned that Special Forces recruiting was to be conducted throughout the Army, and initial Special Forces training was to be 15 weeks. Commando graduates of the special forces course would retain their 'commando' tab and would also have a 'special forces' tab on top of the commando tab in addition to receiving a tan beret. These candidates were normally selected after serving four years as a Commando.
In May 2010 the first class of the ANA Special Forces graduated from their 10-week qualification course and moved on to the operational portion of their training. In November 2010, the ANA Special Forces Class 1 received their tan berets in a ceremony at Camp Morehead after completing 26 weeks of on-the-job training partnered with US Special Forces. The initial selection involved taking the 145 commandos who volunteered, putting them through a one-week qualification process (similar to the one used in the United States), and finding, as in the US, that only about half (69) passed. These Special Forces soldiers formed the first four A-Teams (of 15 men each). Some of the just-graduated special forces soldiers used to help US Special Operations Forces train the 2nd class of candidates. Special Forces were trained to focus on interacting with the population through jirgas with village elders, but capable of unilateral operations. A second ANA Special Forces class completed training in December 2010.
The force numbered 646 Special Forces operators in December 2011. This unit also had female Special Forces operators to interact with female civilians, such as searches, interviews or medical examinations. There were plans to create one Special Forces platoon of just female operators so they could interact with women and children.
The first formation of the 1st Commando Brigade headquarters was dissolved in order to provide personnel for the forming ANA Special Operations Command headquarters. to fill the gap, a new, second, 1st Commando Brigade headquarters staff was established. The 2nd Commando Brigade headquarters was planned to be operational by September 2011. The 1st Special Forces Brigade was also established, modeled on the United States Army Special Forces model. The brigade's missions were planned to include ‘internal defence’ and ‘SOF reconnaissance’ as well as ‘direct action.’
Establishment of ANA Special Operations Command
From mid-2011, the ANA began establishing a full command, the ANA Special Operations Command, to control the ANA Commando Brigade and the ANA Special Forces. In 2011, ANASOC consisted of 7,809 commandos and 646 special forces personnel.
As of April 2012, the reported strength of the Commandos (as opposed to the whole ANASOC) was 8,500 men organized into eight kandaks, as well as one group of 500 Special Operations troops.
In July 2012, the Special Operations Command was officially established as a formation with the status of a division, including a command and staff. Reportedly the command had between 10,000 and 11,000 special operations soldiers by December 2012. Previously this was organised as one brigade with 8 kandaks, all with a minimum of 6 companies. Because the ANASOC had grown to larger than a brigade in size, it was anticipated that it would be split into 3 – 4 brigades, one of which would be a Special Forces Brigade.
An Air Force Special Mission Wing, inaugurated in July 2012, was established to work with ANASOC. A later DOD story said that the unit, the smallest in the Special Security Forces, "was originally established in 2006 as the Afghan Air Interdiction Unit assigned to the Ministry of Interior and re-flagged as the 777th Special Mission Wing." ..The SMW used "Mi-17 helicopters and PC-12 fixed-wing aircraft."
The same month (July 2012), the Afghan commandos conducted their first successful night operation. United States Department of Defense Press Secretary George Little told the media that: "Last night in Afghanistan, US special operations joined Afghan commandos from the first special operations battalion in a full mission exercise demonstrating a night air assault. This was an Afghan plan, an Afghan-led mission. Afghan pilots flew four helicopters during the exercise, which involved more than 50 Afghan commandos, and US special operations forces acting in an advisory capacity. ..[T]he commandos successfully discovered and apprehended a person of interest, recovered weapons and intelligence."
In March 2013, U.S. special forces handed over a base in Nirkh District, Wardak Province to the Afghan commandos. Afghan commandos gradually began taking over the lead from NATO forces the fight against insurgents. In April 2013, Afghan commandos killed 22 insurgents in Nangarhar Province and captured another 10 insurgents.
On September 20, 2014, local officials in Ghazni Province reported that Taliban insurgents from different regions of Afghanistan led by camouflaged men wearing black masks captured several villages, set at least 60 homes on fire, killed more than 100 people and beheaded 15 family members of local police officers. The masked insurgents reportedly carried the black flag of the Islamic State, openly called themselves soldiers of Daesh, and did not speak any local languages. Deputy Police Chief, General Asadullah Ensafi, reported that Taliban ambushes stopped reinforcements from the regionally responsible ANA and provincial police from reaching the area. However, Afghan special forces inserted by helicopter were able to reinforce units already defending the area and Ensafi reported that the "immediate threat to [the] district's center had been nullified."
In mid-late 2017 the Afghanistan Analysts Network wrote that the two special operations brigades were:
..made up of four and the other of five Special Operations Kandaks (battalions, SOKs) that were aligned with regional ANA Corps. The US DoD stated in June 2017 that “[t]he SOKs are the primary tactical elements of the ANASOC, and they conduct elite, light-infantry operations against threat networks in support of the regional corps’ counterinsurgency operations and provide a ..response capability against strategic targets.” An additional, separate Special Operations Kandak, the 6th SOK based in Kabul, functioned “as the ANA’s national mission unit,” providing “the President of Afghanistan and the [Chief of General Staff] with a rapidly deployable special operations force able to respond to national-level crises throughout Afghanistan.”
Commandos were used to spearhead challenging fights and were regarded as one of the best units in the region.
The National Mission Brigade was activated on July 31, 2017, and took over command of the 6th Special Operations Kandak and the Ktah Khas. The Ktah Khas was '..often referred to as the Afghan Partner Unit.. a light infantry special operations unit consisting of three companies and support elements.' In addition to the 6th SOK and the Ktah Khas, later reports indicated that two Special Forces Kandaks may have eventually been added.
In August 2017, the New York Times reported that the strength of the Afghan Commandos was 21,000, with an increase to 30,000 as a goal. The same month, General John W. Nicholson Jr., the commander of the Resolute Support Mission, said: "The [commandos] have never lost a battle...The Taliban have never won against the commandos...They never will."
With the December 2017 approval of the Fiscal Year 2018 tashkil (Table of Organisation), ANASOC was authorized a strength of 16,040 personnel, organised into four Special Operations Brigades (SOB) and a National Mission Brigade (NMB). By 2021, there were at least two special operations brigades (1st, 2nd).
At the beginning of January 2021, the Afghan special operations were losing roughly 1,200 people a month, said Lieutenant Colonel Matthew A. Chaney, the commander of 3rd Battalion, 10th Special Forces Group at the time.
2021 Taliban offensive
In July 2021, during the 2021 Taliban offensive, Turkey agreed to host future training of the Afghan Commandos, and to begin to transport them there for training beginning immediately.
During the Taliban offensive, the Commandos fought tenaciously and were seen as the Afghan military's best-trained and most highly motivated troops. The commandos were deployed on mass across a vast geographical area, however this isolated many units as they were abandoned by other ANA units and locals. In June 2021, 50 commandos managed to recapture Dawlat Abad from the Taliban, however after receiving no reinforcements, commandos were encircled and made a desperate last stand. Those that survived and were captured were executed by the Taliban. "The resulting death of 24 of the country’s most highly trained fighters became a national story—in part because the dead included Major Sohrab Azimi, a well-known special operator—and one that weighed heavily on [Army] morale."
During the 2021 Taliban offensive, 22 Commandos were executed by the Taliban in the Faryab Province after surrendering. While the Taliban were known to show leniency to normal ANA troops, Commandos and Air Force pilots were especially targeted by the Taliban.
Around 500–600 Afghan troops made up mostly of commandos also refused to surrender in Kabul and instead joined up with US forces at Hamid Karzai International Airport, helping them secure the outer perimeter of the airport during the 2021 evacuation from Afghanistan.
Following the fall of Kabul to the Taliban, on August 17, 2021, several ANA commandos were reported to be moving to Panjshir, joining the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan.
Some Afghan commandos were evacuated to the UK. On 1 September 2021, Forbes magazine reported that the United Kingdom was contemplating recruiting such evacuated commandos into the British Army.
In October 2022, the Russian armed forces reportedly started to recruit ex-Afghan commandos to Ukraine. An interview with Major General Kyrylo Budanov confirms sightings of ex-Afghan commandos deployed in Ukraine.
References
Bibliography
288 pp.; £35.00.
Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, "Afghan Special Mission Wing: DoD Moving Forward with $771.8 Million Purchase of Aircraft that the Afghans Cannot Operate and Maintain," SIGAR Audit 13-13, June 2013. Qualified Afghan personnel and equipment maintenance were short, and the divided Ministry of Defence - Ministry of the Interior organisation presented problems, potentially jeopardizing $771.8 million in planned but not-yet-arrived U.S.-funded aircraft. The SIG called for the suspension of contracts awarded for the new aircraft until a memorandum of understanding was signed between the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence.
Military units and formations of Afghanistan
Army of Afghanistan
Special forces units and formations
Military units and formations established in 2011
Military of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Military units and formations disestablished in 2021 |
```shell
Broadcast messages across the system
Changing the `/tmp` cleanup frequency
Fixing `locale` issues in Debian systems
Monitor System Memory using `vmstat`
System uptime
``` |
Earless lizards are two genera of small lizards native to the semiarid and grassland habitats of the Southwestern United States and Mexico. The genus Cophosaurus and the genus Holbrookia are both characterized by having no external ear openings, presumably to prevent sand from entering their bodies as they dig.
Distinctive features
Earless lizards typically vary from long. Males tend to be larger than females. The male has two heavy black strips ahead of its hind legs (pictured). The female differs in that she has a black stripe behind each thigh. A pink throat and flanks indicate pregnancy. Earless lizards have two throat folds, large eyes, and 27 or fewer femoral pores. They are also described as having shorter fore legs compared to their hind legs and also rather long toes. Although they are called earless lizards, they are still completely capable of hearing, but their ears do not have an external opening. This feature is useful when they burrow underground without getting soil in their ears.
Behavior
Earless lizards are most active during daylight; they hibernate during the winter and fall. When approached by a predator, their defense mechanism is raising and wagging their tails. To claim their territory, a combination of lateral body compression, head bobbing, and push-ups is done. Earless lizards are capable of homeostasis to a certain extent. As a feedback to temperature change, they acquire heat by conduction, convection, and radiation. In cooler temperatures, they raise their body temperature by turning their bodies broadside to the sun to absorb heat (infrared radiation). They can also align their bodies to the sun to reduced absorption to reduce body temperature. In warmer temperatures, they decreases their body temperature by conduction, such as climbing a tree to avoid elevated temperature from the ground.
Diet
The diet of earless lizards consists of arthropods, such as butterflies, moths, beetles, grasshoppers, insects, and spiders.
Defense mechanism
The earless lizard has a peculiar defense mechanism coupled to its cold-blooded metabolism. It has a small opening on the top of its head called a "blood sinus", which helps it gain heat quickly during the daytime. However, the blood can also be channeled to the eyes of the lizard when a predator approaches, efficiently spraying the blood onto the predator, giving it enough time to escape.
Reproduction
Mating takes place in spring. Earless lizards lay their eggs between March and August, and about fifty days are needed for them to hatch. They tend to lay one to three clutches of eggs. Clutch sizes range from one to 10 eggs. When hatched, the hatchlings are about 2 in (5 cm) long.
Threats
No major existential threat has been identified in the US or Mexico, but habitat loss and degradation would result in a decline of this species.
Geographic range
Earless lizards are found from the Southwestern and Central United States, in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and as far north as Nebraska, South Dakota, and Wyoming. They are also found in Mexico, in the states of Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz.
Gallery
References
External links
Yahooligans! Animals: Greater Earless Lizard & Lesser Earless Lizard
Phrynosomatidae
Reptile common names |
The Kellogg-Keebler Classic was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 2002 to 2004. It was played at the Stonebridge Country Club in Aurora, Illinois.
Winners
2004 Karrie Webb
2003 Annika Sörenstam
2002 Annika Sörenstam
References
External links
Coverage on LPGA Tour's official site
Former LPGA Tour events
Golf in Chicago
Aurora, Illinois
2002 establishments in Illinois
2004 disestablishments in Illinois
History of women in Illinois |
Kolos () is a fitness-sport society of the Agro-Industrial Complex of Ukraine, formerly a rural sports society and a trade unions - cooperative sports society that was uniting farmers, workers, servicemen, technicians of agricultural organizations, enterprises, establishments, and educational institutions. Created in 1950 under the name of "Kolhospnyk" (farmer of kolkhoz), it changed its name to Kolos in 1970.
Description
On January 1, 1979 it accounted for 13,835 primary collectives with over three millions of sportsmen.
The society was cultivating 45 types of sports.
In 1982 the society merged with its Russian counterpart "Urozhai".
In 1990 the society was revived in the Ukrainian SSR and later - Ukraine.
Olympic centers
Sports base "Zakarpattia", Berehove
Luge youth sports school "Kolos", Kremenets
Sports base "Kolos", Pidhorodnie (Ternopil Raion)
References
External links
Kolos (sports society) at Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia
Official website
List of Olympic centers
Andriy Andrushchenko. Analysis of the state budget expenditures for financing of the All-Ukrainian Fitness and Sports Association "Kolos" of the Agro-Industrial Complex of Ukraine (Аналіз видатків держбюджету на фінансування Всеукраїнського фізкультурно-спортивного товариства «Колос» АПК України). LB.ua. 10 June 2015
Sports societies in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
1950 establishments in Ukraine
Sport societies in Ukraine
Sports clubs and teams established in 1950
Federation of Trade Unions of Ukraine |
The 1986 North Hertfordshire District Council election was held on 8 May 1986, at the same time as other local elections across England and Scotland. There were 16 out of 50 seats on North Hertfordshire District Council up for election, being the usual third of the council.
The Conservatives lost five seats and only narrowly retained their majority on the council. The SDP–Liberal Alliance took the most votes across the district, gaining four extra seats.
Overall results
The overall results were as follows:
Ward results
The results for each ward were as follows. An asterisk(*) indicates a sitting councillor standing for re-election.
References
1986 English local elections
1986 |
Dystroglycan is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAG1 gene.
Dystroglycan is one of the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins, which is encoded by a 5.5 kb transcript in Homo sapiens on chromosome 3. There are two exons that are separated by a large intron. The spliced exons code for a protein product that is finally cleaved into two non-covalently associated subunits, [alpha] (N-terminal) and [beta] (C-terminal).
Function
In skeletal muscle the dystroglycan complex works as a transmembrane linkage between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. [alpha]-dystroglycan is extracellular and binds to merosin [alpha]-2 laminin in the basement membrane, while [beta]-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein and binds to dystrophin, which is a large rod-like cytoskeletal protein, absent in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients. Dystrophin binds to intracellular actin cables. In this way, the dystroglycan complex, which links the extracellular matrix to the intracellular actin cables, is thought to provide structural integrity in muscle tissues. The dystroglycan complex is also known to serve as an agrin receptor in muscle, where it may regulate agrin-induced acetylcholine receptor clustering at the neuromuscular junction. There is also evidence which suggests the function of dystroglycan as a part of the signal transduction pathway because it is shown that Grb2, a mediator of the Ras-related signal pathway, can interact with the cytoplasmic domain of dystroglycan.
Expression
Dystroglycan is widely distributed in non-muscle tissues as well as in muscle tissues. During epithelial morphogenesis of kidney, the dystroglycan complex is shown to act as a receptor for the basement membrane. Dystroglycan expression in Mus musculus brain and neural retina has also been reported. However, the physiological role of dystroglycan in non-muscle tissues remains unclear.
In December 2022, the implications of abnormal dystroglycan expression and/or O-mannosylation on the pathogenesis of cancer have been reviewed.
Interactions
Dystroglycan has been shown to interact with FYN, C-src tyrosine kinase, Src, NCK1, Grb2, Caveolin 3 and SHC1.
See also
Dystrophin-associated protein complex
Actin-binding protein
Agrin
References
Further reading
External links
Overview at sdbonline.org
Glycoproteins
Single-pass transmembrane proteins |
Anisimova Polyana () is a rural locality (a selo) in Pisarevsky Selsoviet, Sharansky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 83 as of 2010. There is 1 street.
Geography
Anisimova Polyana is located 22 km northwest of Sharan (the district's administrative centre) by road. Starodrazhzhevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Sharansky District |
Derek Kohler (born 22 January 1953) is a South African cricketer. He played in one first-class match for Western Province in 1976/77, and one List A match for Boland in 1984/85.
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
South African cricketers
Boland cricketers
Western Province cricketers
Cricketers from Cape Town |
Peace Nankunda Butera is a Ugandan culinary artist, who works as the Executive Sous Chef (Second-in-command) at the Kampala Serena Hotel, a five-star establishment in Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. She is one of a handful of women in
prominent professional culinary positions on the African continent.
Background and education
She was born in a family of ten siblings. She was raised in various homes, within the extended family. She studied at the Uganda College of Commerce, in Nakawa, which today is the Makerere University Business School, graduating in 1992, with a Diploma in Hotel Management and Catering.
Career
In 1993, she worked as an apprentice for three months, at the Nile Hotel in Kampala. The hotel hired her as a cook, after her training. In 2004, the hotel changed ownership and was renamed Kampala Serena Hotel. She was retained by the new owners. Peace Butera was selected to undergo training to become a chef through the internal program at the Serena Hotels Group. The training took her to ten Serena establishments in five African countries, as well as at five star hotels in South Africa and Turkey. On her return to Kampala, she was appointed Sous chef at the Kampala Serena in 2005.
During the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 2007, which was held in Kampala, from 23 November until 25 November 2007, Queen Elizabeth II stayed at the Kampala Serena for four days. Chef Peace Butera was selected to prepare some of the Queen's menu items during that period. She has also, in the past, prepared meals for President Bill Clinton and his family.
Family
Peace Butera is married to Vincent Butera and together are the parents of four children Kylie, Kelly, Lillian and Laban , two natural ones and two adopted ones.
See also
List of hotels in Uganda
Tourism in Uganda
References
External links
Website of Kampala Serena Hotel
1970s births
Living people
Ugandan chefs
Ugandan women
Makerere University Business School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women chefs |
Thomas Brown Holmes Stenhouse (21 February 1825 – 7 March 1882) was an early Mormon pioneer and missionary who later became a Godbeite and with his wife, Fanny Stenhouse, became a vocal opponent of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
Stenhouse was born in Dalkeith, Scotland. He joined the LDS Church in England in 1845. In 1850, Stenhouse married Fanny Warn and shortly thereafter joined Lorenzo Snow and Joseph Toronto on a mission to Italy; they became the first LDS Church missionaries to preach in that country. Later in the same year, Stenhouse was sent to Switzerland and became the first Mormon missionary to preach there.
In 1855, Stenhouse and his wife emigrated to Utah Territory. They settled in Salt Lake City; Stenhouse the editor of the Salt Lake Telegraph, a newspaper that was consistently pro-Mormon. Their daughter, Clara Federata Stenhouse, married Joseph Angell Young. In 1870, Stenhouse was convinced by the writings of William S. Godbe, who criticised LDS Church President Brigham Young on political and religious grounds. The Stenhouses were particularly opposed to the LDS Church's practice of plural marriage. Stenhouse and his wife became part of the "Godbeites" and were excommunicated from the LDS Church.
As Godbeites, Stenhouse and his wife published several exposés of Mormonism. Stenhouse's most famous work is his 1873 The Rocky Mountain Saints: A Full and Complete History of the Mormons. In 1872, Fanny Stenhouse published "Tell it All": The Story of a Life Experience in Mormonism.
Stenhouse died in San Francisco, California.
References
1825 births
1882 deaths
19th-century Mormon missionaries
Converts to Mormonism
Critics of Mormonism
Scottish emigrants to the United States
Scottish Latter Day Saints
Scottish Mormon missionaries
Scottish newspaper editors
19th-century Scottish writers
Religious leaders from Utah
Godbeites
Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement
Scottish Latter Day Saint writers
Mormon missionaries in Italy
Mormon missionaries in Switzerland
People excommunicated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
People from Dalkeith
Mormon pioneers
19th-century American journalists
American male journalists |
Jeffrey T. Hancock is a communication and psychology researcher and professor at the College of Communication Stanford University. Hancock is best known for his research in fields of deception, trust in technology, and the psychology of social media. Hancock has been published in over 80 journal articles and cited in National Public Radio (NPR) and CBS This Morning.
Education and personal life
Hancock was born in Canada, though he currently resides in Palo Alto, California. He received his bachelor's degree of Applied Science in Psychology from the University of Victoria in 1996. During his undergraduate college career, Hancock was a Customs Officer for Canada Border Service Agency, which introduced him to deception. In 1997, he began his doctoral program in Psychology at Dalhousie University in Canada, from which he would graduate in 2002. From August 2002 to July 2015, Hancock was a faculty member and professor of Information Science and Communication at Cornell University.
Academia
Since 2015, Hancock has been a professor in the College of Communication at Stanford University. In his tenure at Stanford University, he founded the Stanford Social Media Lab. This lab, whose publications date back to March 2017, works to understand psychological and interpersonal processes in social media. The lab’s network includes faculty, staff, and doctoral candidates who study social media in various capacities. Some research focuses of the lab include romantic relationships through the use of technology, how new media affects child and adolescent development, gender biases and other social inequalities on social networks, and more. The Stanford Social Media Lab receives funding from the Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, the Knight Foundation, and the National Science Foundation. Some notable lab alumni include Annabell Suh, Megan French, and David M. Markowitz.
In addition to his research focuses and lab work, Hancock teaches courses during the academic year. During the 2020–21 academic year at Stanford University, some of his course offerings included: Advanced Studies in Behavior and Social Media; Introduction to Communication; Language and Technology; Truth, Trust, and Tech; and six sections of independent study.
Research
Hancock is a communication and psychology researcher who has published over 80 journal articles in his career. His research interests involve studying how language can reveal social and psychological dynamics, including deception and trust, emotional dynamics, intimacy and relationships, social support, and the ethical concerns associated with computation computer science. His work has been published in several notable journals, like the Journal of Communication, and has been funded by the National Science Foundation and the United States Department of Defense.
In a study published in 2009 in the Journal of Communication, Hancock and his co-author investigated the accuracy of online dating service photographs. The study, whose participant pool included 54 heterosexual dater profiles, found that daters juggle the line between presenting themselves in photos to enhance their physical attractiveness and presenting a photo that would not be considered deceptive. This is just one example of the connection between Hancock’s different research interests, deception and interpersonal relationships mediated through technology. Many of Hancock’s articles involve more than one of his areas of research expertise.
Outside of the scope of communication researchers and academics, Hancock’s work has been able to reach a lay audience through his inclusion in several non-academic presentations of his research. His 2012 presentation at TED, entitled "The Future of Lying," has been viewed over one million times. In this TED Talk, Hancock details the way that most online, technology-mediated communication is more honest than face-to-face communication. He posits that this can be explained by the permanence of online communication. Before the invention of writing and social media, words were only as permanent as the memory of the people who heard them. Now, technology memorializes everyday interactions and compels us to consider what record we are leaving behind in our online communication. In the 2014 "Why we Lie" episode of NPR’s TED Radio Hour, Hancock also discussed the implications of his research that suggest that technology can actually make us more honest. The podcast episode referenced Hancock’s 2012 TED Talk but expanded the narrative and provided more context to the research backing his claims.
In 2012, Hancock appeared in a segment on CBS This Morning to talk about social media privacy in the job hunt and modern challenges of the digital age after some places of work were reportedly asking job applicants to submit their social media login information for an audit of their account. This talk show appearance came just a few weeks after Hancock published an article titled, “The Effect of LinkedIn on Deception in Resumes.” That journal article found that LinkedIn profiles and resumes were less deceptive than paper resumes concerning job experience and skills.
In an article published in Social Media + Society in 2020, Hancock and his co-author wrote about the challenges the COVID-19 pandemic has placed on older adults. As social distancing is implemented to slow the spread of COVID-19, older adults are left facing challenges involving loneliness and a lack of proficiency in digital skills. The article recommends that technology companies make accessibility by older adults a priority in product development to help prevent loneliness and increase media literacy.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian psychologists
Canadian expatriate academics in the United States
Cornell University faculty
Stanford University faculty
University of Victoria alumni
Dalhousie University alumni |
```css
/* ubuntu-300normal - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: normal;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 300;
src:
local('Ubuntu Light '),
local('Ubuntu-Light'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
/* ubuntu-300italic - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: italic;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 300;
src:
local('Ubuntu Light italic'),
local('Ubuntu-Lightitalic'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-300italic.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-300italic.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
/* ubuntu-400normal - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: normal;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 400;
src:
local('Ubuntu Regular '),
local('Ubuntu-Regular'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-400.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-400.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
/* ubuntu-400italic - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: italic;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 400;
src:
local('Ubuntu Regular italic'),
local('Ubuntu-Regularitalic'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-400italic.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-400italic.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
/* ubuntu-500normal - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: normal;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 500;
src:
local('Ubuntu Medium '),
local('Ubuntu-Medium'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-500.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-500.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
/* ubuntu-500italic - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: italic;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 500;
src:
local('Ubuntu Medium italic'),
local('Ubuntu-Mediumitalic'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-500italic.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-500italic.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
/* ubuntu-700normal - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: normal;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 700;
src:
local('Ubuntu Bold '),
local('Ubuntu-Bold'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
/* ubuntu-700italic - latin */
@font-face {
font-family: 'Ubuntu';
font-style: italic;
font-display: swap;
font-weight: 700;
src:
local('Ubuntu Bold italic'),
local('Ubuntu-Bolditalic'),
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-700italic.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Super Modern Browsers */
url('./files/ubuntu-latin-700italic.woff') format('woff'); /* Modern Browsers */
}
``` |
Sthefany Fernandes de Brito (born 19 June 1987) is a Brazilian actress.
Career
Brito was born Sthefany Fernandes de Brito in São Paulo, Brazil, on 19 June 1987. She had studied theatre since 1995, and she appeared in television adverts for toys and children's products.
She was cast in her first television role in 1999 in the Brazilian version of Chiquititas, as Hannelore. She played Hannelore from 1999 to 2000. In 2001 she also landed a role in the telenovela Um Anjo Caiu do Céuand many others..
In 2001 Sthefany was hired to play an angel in the soap opera Dorinha. In 2002, she acted in O Clone as a Muslim girl . In 2003, she hosted the TV show TV Globinho.
In the theatre in Rio de Janeiro in 2002 she played a teenager in The Rebellious Beginning. The next year she and her brother Kayky Brito worked together in The Animal - The Natural Order of Things. In 2005, she acted in the Leo musical comedy as Bia. In 2006 she played a more mature role in the soap opera Páginas da Vida, where she played a character named Kelly. It was the first time she was featured in love scenes.
Personal life
Her last telenovela was Amor Sem Igual in 2019. She had a short marriage to a footballer, Alexandre Pato.
In 2018, she married a lawyer of Russian origin Igor Raschkovsky.
November 1, 2020, she gave birth to her first child Enrico
Filmography
Television
Chiquititas Brasil (1999–2000)
Um Anjo Caiu do Céu (2001)
O Clone (2001–2002)
TV Globinho (2003)
Agora É que São Elas (2003)
Começar de Novo (2004–2005)
Páginas da Vida (2006–2007)
Carga Pesada (2007)
Desejo Proibido (2007–2008)
Macho Man (2011)
A Vida da Gente (2011–2012)
Dança dos Famosos 9 (2012)
Flor do Caribe (2013)
O Rico e Lázaro (2017)
Jezabel (2019)
Amor Sem Igual (2019-2020)
Film
Remissão (2004)
As Vidas de Maria (2005)
Senhor dos Ladrões (2006)
Mistéryos (2008)
Theatre
Noviça Rebelde (2002)
É o Bicho! A ordem natural das coisas (2003)
Mágico de Oz (2004)
História de São Vicente (2004)
Léo e Bia 1973 (2005)
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Brazilian stage actresses
Brazilian female models
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian telenovela actresses
Actresses from São Paulo |
In enzymology, an L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acceptor 2-oxoglutarate + reduced acceptor
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate and acceptor, whereas its two products are 2-oxoglutarate and reduced acceptor.
Enzymes which preferentially catalyze the conversion of the (R) stereoisomer of 2-oxoglutarate also exist in both mammals and plants
and are named D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase. L-2-hydroxyglutarate is produced by promiscuous action of malate dehydrogenase on 2-oxoglutarate; L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase is an example of a metabolite repair enzyme that oxidizes L-2-hydroxyglutarate back to 2-oxoglutarate.
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate:acceptor 2-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include:
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate:(acceptor) 2-oxidoreductase
alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (NAD specific)
alpha-hydroxyglutarate oxidoreductase
alpha-ketoglutarate reductase
hydroxyglutaric dehydrogenase
L-alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
L-alpha-hydroxyglutarate:NAD 2-oxidoreductase
Clinical significance
Deficiency in this enzyme in humans (L2HGDH) or in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (At3g56840) leads to accumulation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate. In humans this results in the fatal neurometabolic disorder 2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria whereas plants seem to be unaffected by elevated cellular concentrations of this compound
See also
L2HGDH
D2HGDH
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
2-hydroxyglutarate synthase
Alpha-Hydroxyglutaric acid
2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase
References
Further reading
EC 1.1.99
Enzymes of unknown structure |
Vriesea punctulata is a plant species in the genus Vriesea. This species is endemic to Brazil.
References
punctulata
Flora of Brazil |
Ampasimazava is a town and commune () in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Vavatenina, which is a part of Analanjirofo Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 10,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 80% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 5% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crop is rice, while other important products are cloves and lychee. Services provide employment for 15% of the population.
References and notes
Populated places in Analanjirofo |
```c
#include "include/proxy.h"
proxy_info *
proxy_info_alloc(const char *name, void *conf, char *conf_path,
conf_http_server *http_conf, int argc, char **argv)
{
proxy_info *info = nng_zalloc(sizeof(proxy_info));
info->proxy_name = name;
info->conf = conf;
info->conf_path = conf_path;
info->http_server = http_conf;
info->args.argc = argc;
info->args.argv = argv;
return info;
}
``` |
Hereford railway station serves the city of Hereford, in Herefordshire, England. Managed by Transport for Wales, it lies on the Welsh Marches Line between Leominster and Abergavenny, is the western terminus of the Cotswold Line and also has an hourly West Midlands Trains service from Birmingham New Street. The station has four platforms for passenger trains and two additional relief lines for goods services.
Accorded 'Secure Station' status in 2004, the station has a staffed ticket office (signposted as a "Travel Centre"), self-service ticket machines, a café and indoor waiting rooms. Automated ticket barriers have been in operation since 28 February 2006.
History
There were originally two stations in Hereford: Barton and Barrs Court.
Hereford Barton lay to the west of the city and had been built by the Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway (NA&HR). However, Barton was small and in a cramped location, and was not big enough nor could it be enlarged for the greater traffic that would entail from the arrival of the Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway from the north.
The resolution was an agreement to create a new joint railway station to the north-east of the city, called Hereford Barrs Court. This would be a joint standard gauge/broad gauge station, sponsored jointly by the standard-gauge Shrewsbury & Hereford Railway (S&HR) and the GWR-sponsored Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway (HR&GR). When the Midland Railway sponsored Hereford, Hay and Brecon Railway entered the town, they were given access rights, as was the later Worcester and Hereford Railway, which joined the S&HR's route to the north of the city at Shelwick Junction.
In civil engineering preparation for this, and as the only company planning to enter the town from the north, the S&HR built a brick works north of Dinmore Hill in 1849, which was fed by clay from the earthworks of digging a tunnel south underneath it. In 1852, years later and having used million bricks the tunnel was completed, freight traffic started in July 1852 to provide cash flow. However, construction continued, with the massive earthworks for a cutting to enter Barrs Court started in August 1852.
The plan was to jointly open both stations between all four railways on 6 December 1853, with what was planned to be a Railway Fete. However, the first S&HR passenger service arrived at Barrs Court on Saturday 28 October, which carried the chairman Mr Ormsby-Gore and engineer Thomas Brassey. As the negotiations and financing of the joint station had taken so long, they arrived at an incomplete facility. Whilst completion of the station would follow shortly after, significant rebuilding would occur later in the nineteenth century, when the current Victorian Gothic buildings, designed by R.E. Johnson, would be constructed. The station opened on 6 December 1853, and the name was simplified to Hereford in 1893 on the closure of Barton station to passengers.
In 1866, a line connecting the NA&HR's route to the south of the city, branching off from the line to Barton at Redhill and joining with the HR&GR's route into Barrs Court station from the south, rendered Barton station obsolete, as through north–south services could now utilise the larger and better equipped Barrs Court station. However, Barton clung onto passenger services until January 1893, the last services to use it being Midland Railway trains to Hay-on-Wye and Brecon. It would remain open as a goods only station until 1979, and the route through it from north to south, used as a goods only line to avoid Barrs Court, also remained until approximately this time.
The former branches to Brecon via Hay-on-Wye and Gloucester both closed to passenger traffic in the early 1960s; Brecon services were withdrawn from 31 December 1962, whilst the Gloucester via line fell victim to the Beeching Axe on 2 November 1964.
The station was designated a Grade II listed building in 1973.
Services
Hereford is served by trains operated by Great Western Railway, Transport for Wales and West Midlands Trains. It is the terminus of the routes from Birmingham New Street and London Paddington, via Worcester Foregate Street; it is also served by all trains on the Manchester Piccadilly to Cardiff and Carmarthen route.
West Midlands Railway
1tph to Birmingham New Street
Great Western Railway
4tpd to London Paddington, via Worcester Foregate Street
Transport for Wales
1tph to Cardiff Central
1tph to Manchester Piccadilly
1tp2h to Holyhead
On Sundays, the service to Birmingham New Street is reduced to 1tp2h, the service to London Paddington is reduced to 3tpd and the service to Holyhead is reduced to 2tpd.
See also
Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal
References
Bibliography
External links
Railway stations in Herefordshire
Former Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1853
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
Railway stations served by Great Western Railway
Railway stations served by West Midlands Trains
Grade II listed railway stations
1853 establishments in England
DfT Category C1 stations |
Laura Gabriela Badea-Cârlescu (née Badea on 28 March 1970) is a retired Romanian foil fencer, world champion in 1995, olympic champion in 1996 and european champion in 1996,1997, 2004. After her retirement (23-year career at top-level fencing, winning 23 medals at the Olympics, World Championships, European Championships and Universiade) she became a fencing coach, then a sport administrator with numerous roles. She served as President of the Athletes Commission (2001-2005) for the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee, Member of the Rules Commission of the International Fencing Federation, Director of Olympic Education of the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee (2005-2012), Director of Romanian Olympic Academy(2011-2017), Romanian Ambassador for Sports, Tolerance and Fair-Play at the Council of Europe (2004-2011), Member of the Science and Sports Council in Romania (2006-2009), Member of the Romanian Anti-Doping Agency, Vice-President of the Romanian Fencing Federation (2005-2011), President of the Romanian Fencing Federation (2017-2018), Member of the Culture and Olympic Heritage Commission at the European Olympic Committee, Member of the Executiv Committee at the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee.
Personal life
Badea was born in Bucharest in 1970, the youngest of four children. She first played handball and track and field before turning to fencing at age 13 under Rodica Popescu, a coach at CSS 1 Bucharest, then Maria Vicol. A fan of Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers, she immediately took to the sport. She later joined CSA Steaua București.
She graduated from the National Academy of Physical Education and Sport in 1995. She obtained in 2003 a master in communication and human resources management from the University of Bucharest and in 2007 a master in sport management and marketing from the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University in Iași. She also holds a PhD in sport science on the subject of "Contributions to clarifying the relationship between motor intelligence and capacity for effort in high-level fencing" (“”).
During her career Carlescu-Badea was a superior officer in the Romanian Army (1988-2004), rising to the rank of colonel. Badea married sabre fencer Adrian Cârlescu in 1999. The couple have a daughter, Maria.
Career
Badea took part in her first Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992, where she took the team bronze medal along with Reka Szabo, Elisabeta Tufan, Claudia Grigorescu, and Ozana Dumitrescu. Romania went to earn the silver medal in the 1993 World Championships in Essen, then the gold medal in the 1994 World Championships in Athens. A year later, Badea won her first major individual title with a gold medal in the World Championships in The Hague; she also won a silver medal in the team event. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta Badea won the gold medal after defeating Valentina Vezzali of Italy and became the first and only Romanian woman fencer Olympic champion. In the team event, Romania was defeated by Italy in the final and took the silver medal.
She won gold medal in the European Championships in 1996, 1997 and 2004 individual and also, in 2004 in the team event.
Badea retired from competition in 2004. In 2013, she was inducted into the Hall of Fame of the International Fencing Federation.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
Romanian female fencers
Olympic fencers for Romania
Fencers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Fencers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Fencers from Bucharest
Olympic medalists in fencing
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Romanian foil fencers
Romanian fencing coaches
Presidents of the Romanian Fencing Federation |
Michael or Mike Sheridan may refer to:
Michael Sheridan (musician), Australian musician
Michael Sheridan (Irish politician) (1896–1970), member of Fianna Fáil party
Michael Henry Sheridan (1912–1976), U.S. federal judge
Michael John Sheridan (1945-2022), American Roman Catholic bishop
Michael J. Sheridan (born 1958), auto worker and former Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Michael Joseph Sheridan, known as Joe Sheridan (1914–2000), Irish independent politician
Michael K. Sheridan (born 1934), U.S. Marine Corps general
Mike Sheridan (born 1991), Danish musician |
HRPC can refer to:
Hudson River Psychiatric Center
Hormone-refractory prostate cancer |
The list of ship launches in 1750 includes a chronological list of some ships launched in 1750.
References
1750
Ship launches |
Calvin Johnson Jr., (born September 29, 1985) is an American former football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons with the Detroit Lions. Nicknamed "Megatron" after the Transformers character of the same name, he is regarded as one of the greatest wide receivers of all time. He played college football at Georgia Tech, where he won the Fred Biletnikoff Award as a junior, and was selected by the Lions second overall in the 2007 NFL Draft.
Johnson was noted for having a rare combination of size (6 ft 5 in and 239 lbs), catching ability, speed (40-yard dash in 4.35 seconds), strength, leaping ability, and body control. In 2012, he set the NFL season record for receiving yards. Johnson is also tied with Michael Irvin for 100-yard games in a season, tied with Adam Thielen for consecutive 100-yard games, and holds the record for consecutive games with 10 or more receptions. He appeared in six consecutive Pro Bowls from 2010 to 2015 and received three consecutive first-team All-Pro selections from 2011 to 2013.
While still regarded as being in his prime, Johnson retired after the 2015 season, citing a loss of passion for the game due to health concerns and the Lions' lack of overall success during his tenure. He was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2018 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2021.
Early years
Johnson was born to Calvin Johnson Sr. and Arica Johnson on September 29, 1985, in Newnan, Georgia. Johnson's mother holds a Doctor of Education. Johnson's parents stressed education in his childhood, forbidding him from playing sports if he didn't receive A's and B's in school.
Johnson was 6 feet tall in middle school, and 6 feet 4 inches as a sophomore in high school. He attended Sandy Creek High School in Tyrone, Georgia, and was a letterman in football and a baseball standout. In football, he was a three-year starter as a wide receiver for the Patriots football team. As a sophomore, he made 34 receptions for 646 yards and 10 touchdowns. As a junior, Johnson caught 40 passes for 736 yards and eight touchdowns. His #81 was retired on October 22, 2010.
Johnson was rated among the nation's top 10 wide receivers and top 100 players by virtually every recruiting analyst. He was tabbed the No. 4 wide receiver and No. 15 player in the nation by TheInsiders.com, and named to the Super Southern 100 by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, the Rivals 100 by Rivals.com, TheInsiders.com Hot 100, the SuperPrep All-America 275, and the Prep Star Top 100 Dream Team.
Johnson was also rated as the best player in Georgia, No. 12 in the Southeast and No. 37 in the nation by Rivals.com, the No. 7 wide receiver in the nation by SuperPrep, and first-team all-state selection (Class AAAA) by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Finally, he was tabbed to the AJC's preseason Super 11. By the time he was a junior, he was ranked as within the top 10 wide receivers and the top 100 players in the nation by almost every writer.
College career
Johnson attended the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he played for head coach Chan Gailey's Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team from 2004 to 2006. Despite Georgia Tech being interested in his playing both football and baseball, Johnson's mother refused to allow Johnson to play both sports after determining that the year-round athletic schedule would be too demanding.
As a freshman in 2004, Johnson was an immediate contributor. He made his collegiate debut against Samford and had two receptions for 45 receiving yards in the 28–7 victory. In the following game, against Clemson, he had eight receptions for 127 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns in the 28–24 victory. On October 16, against Duke, he had six receptions for 92 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 24–7 victory. On November 13, against Connecticut, he had six receptions for 131 receiving yards in the 30–10 victory. In the next week's game against Virginia, he had five receptions for 108 receiving yards in the 30–10 loss. He ended his freshman campaign against Syracuse in the 2004 Champs Sports Bowl, where he recorded two receptions for 61 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown to go along with a rushing touchdown in the 51–14 victory. Johnson was the Yellow Jackets' leading receiver with 48 catches for 837 receiving yards and seven receiving touchdowns, which were Georgia Tech freshman records. Johnson earned a first-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) selection. He was named ACC Rookie of the Year.
Johnson started the 2005 season with four receptions for 66 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in a 23–14 victory over Auburn. In the next game, he had six receptions for 114 receiving yards in a 27–21 victory over North Carolina. The game featured Georgia Tech having two 100-yard receivers in the same game for the sixth time in school history, Johnson and Damarius Bilbo, who had 131. On September 24, against Virginia Tech, he had five receptions for 123 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 51–7 loss. In the following game, against North Carolina State, he recorded a collegiate career-best ten receptions for 130 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 17–14 loss. He earned first-team All-American honors for the 2005 season. He also earned All-ACC honors for the second straight year and was a semifinalist for the Fred Biletnikoff Award. He led the team with 54 catches for 888 receiving yards and six receiving touchdowns.
Johnson was named a team captain going into his junior season. He entered his 2006 season in the running for the Biletnikoff Award and Heisman Trophy. Although Johnson finished tenth in the Heisman voting, he won the Biletnikoff as the best college wide receiver. He started the season with seven receptions for 111 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 14–10 loss to Notre Dame. In the following game, he had four receptions for 26 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 38–6 victory over Samford. Against the West Virginia Mountaineers in the Toyota Gator Bowl, Johnson had nine catches for a collegiate-career best 186 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns, albeit in a 38–35 loss. In the game, he passed Jonathan Smith for the school record for receiving yards in a single season and also moved past Kelly Campbell to be the school's all-time leader in receiving yards for a career. In addition, Johnson's 186 receiving yards set a school record for receiving yards in a bowl game. Johnson was honored as the ACC Player of the Year, was a first-team All-ACC selection for the third consecutive year, and was recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American. Overall, Johnson tallied 1,202 receiving yards on 76 catches. Johnson's 15 receiving touchdowns were a new Georgia Tech single-season record. In his collegiate career, Johnson made a case for being the greatest Georgia Tech player of all time. Johnson had 178 receptions for 2,927 yards and 28 touchdowns during his time with the Yellow Jackets. He ranks first in school history in career receiving yards, second in receptions, first in touchdown receptions, and first in career 100-yard receiving games with 13.
Statistics
School records
Receiving yards for a career – 2,927
Receiving yards in a single season – 1,202 (2006)
Receiving touchdowns for a career – 28
Receiving touchdowns in a single season – 15 (2006)
100-yard games in a career – 13
100-yard games in a single season – 7 (2006)
College awards and honors
First-team Freshman All-American 2004
All-American 2005 and 2006
First-team All-Atlantic Coast Conference, 2004, 2005, and 2006
ACC Rookie of the Year, 2004
ACC Player of the Year, 2006
Four-time ACC Rookie of the Week
Biletnikoff Award, 2006
Paul Warfield Trophy, 2006
10th place in 2006 Heisman Trophy voting – 43 total votes (76 receptions, 1,202 yards, 15.8 avg, 15 touchdowns)
Selected for induction into the College Football Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility
Academic activities
During the summer of 2006, Johnson, who majored in management with a background in building construction, was given the option of working on either constructing environmentally friendly luxury condos, or a project building solar latrines to improve sanitation in Bolivia. Johnson chose the latter, as he wanted to help the less fortunate. The "solar latrines" use the sun's rays to safely transform bacteria-laden waste into fertilizer.
Legacy
In 2016, Johnson was named to the Georgia Tech Sports Hall of Fame. He was selected for induction to the College Football Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility. He was part of the Class of 2018.
Professional career
Johnson was SI.com's Midseason 2007 NFL Draft Projection #1 pick, though Johnson had stated that he intended to earn his degree from Georgia Tech. On January 8, 2007, Johnson declared himself eligible for the NFL Draft, bypassing his senior season at Georgia Tech. He was regarded as the best athlete to come out of the draft and was the #1 player on most draft boards. Johnson was said by ESPN to be able to be productive as a rookie, much like receiver Randy Moss. In a mid-February workout with speed and conditioning coach Mark Pearsall, Johnson clocked a 4.33-second 40-yard dash, recorded an 11-foot standing broad jump, and had a vertical leap of 43 inches.
Johnson surprised many when he weighed in at 239 pounds at the combine although he claims that this season he played "at about 235 and I got up to 238" and that his weight was not a problem. Johnson ran a 4.35 and wowed scouts with his jump drill results, his receiving skills, and his 11 ft 7 in (3.53 m) broad jump, which was the "best broad jump I can ever remember an NFL prospect having," according to Gil Brandt. Johnson is one of only two players (Matt Jones) 6-foot-5 or taller, regardless of position, to run a 40-yard dash in under 4.40 seconds at the combine since 2005.
Johnson was selected by the Detroit Lions in the first round as the second pick overall in the 2007 NFL Draft. This is the highest a Georgia Tech Yellow Jacket has ever been drafted. The Lions were expected to trade Johnson, most likely to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but the team announced that they were keeping him. The next day, the Detroit Tigers invited him to throw out the ceremonial first pitch.
Detroit Lions
2007 season
Johnson attended Reebok's NFL Rookie Premiere in Los Angeles. The Lions, being told by the league that Johnson would have to skip the minicamp to attend, rescheduled the camp to accommodate Johnson. On August 3, 2007, Johnson signed a six-year deal with the Detroit Lions after holding out for eight days, and passed his physical in time to be on the field for the start of that morning's practice. He was represented by agent James "Bus" Cook. The contract was worth up to , with 27.2 in guaranteed money, making Johnson the highest-paid player in Lions history (since passed by quarterback Matthew Stafford and defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh) and the highest-paid receiver (in guaranteed money) in the NFL.
Although he did not start the game, Johnson had an impressive NFL debut on Sunday, September 9, 2007, catching four passes for 70 yards and his first career touchdown in Detroit's 36–21 win over the Oakland Raiders. He sustained a lower back injury after making a catch over two Philadelphia Eagles defenders on September 23, 2007. He scored his first and only professional rushing touchdown against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on October 21, 2007, on a 32-yard reverse play in the 23–16 victory. Fellow teammate and wide receiver Roy Williams nicknamed Johnson "Megatron", due to his large hands being similar to that of the towering Decepticon. The nickname caught on well with fans. Williams later changed the nickname to "Bolt" after Jamaican sprinting phenom Usain Bolt, comparing the two athletes' similar height and running abilities. Johnson finished the 2007 season with 48 receptions for 756 yards and five total touchdowns. He was named to the NFL All-Rookie Team.
In 2008, Johnson said he could "still feel" the lower-back injury that bothered him throughout his rookie season. Johnson took five weeks off after the 2007 season and was taking part in the Lions' offseason program. "I know it's there but it doesn't hurt," he said. Johnson revealed that he needed Vicodin to play through the final three months of the 2007 season. He needed the medication to help him play with a bone bruise in his back. "I was on meds the rest of the season," he said. "I was taking Vicodin twice a game just to get through the game. I stayed hurt the whole season, probably because I was trying to come back too soon."
2008 season
Johnson and the Lions faced the Atlanta Falcons on the road on September 7, 2008, in the season opener at the Georgia Dome. As the official starting wide receiver behind Roy Williams, Johnson led the team in receptions and yards, collecting seven catches for 107 yards, which included one 38-yard catch-and-run in the Lions' 34–21 loss. During Week 2 versus the Green Bay Packers, he had two key touchdowns late in the game, which sparked a large comeback, though the Lions eventually lost the game, 48–25. Both touchdown catches included a run after the catch (the first catch going for 38 yards and the second going for 47 yards, both over the middle) displaying Johnson's speed and breakaway ability. He ended the game with six receptions for 129 yards and two touchdowns. In the following two games, losses to San Francisco and Chicago, Johnson failed to score a touchdown or gain over 50 yards receiving. However, against the Minnesota Vikings, Johnson had four receptions for 85 yards and his third touchdown of the season.
On October 14, before the Week 6 trade deadline, Roy Williams was traded to the Dallas Cowboys for a first, a third and a seventh-round pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, making Johnson the Lions' starting wide receiver and the last big threat on the offense. In his first game without Roy Williams alongside him in the Week 7 game against the Houston Texans, Johnson caught only two passes, totaling 154 yards receiving; the first pass did not come until quarterback Dan Orlovsky threw a pass up for grabs at the end of the first half which Johnson caught for 58 yards and the second pass came on a 96-yard touchdown catch-and-run. With Williams gone and starting quarterback Jon Kitna lost to injury for the season, the Texans defense had little to do to stop the Lions' offense but shut down Johnson, winning the game 28–21.
Johnson set a career-high for receptions in a game during the Week-9 match-up against the Lions' division rivals, the Chicago Bears, with eight receptions that garnered 94 yards and one touchdown, but still lost the game 27–23. During Week 10, formerly retired All-Pro quarterback Daunte Culpepper was signed to a one-year contract with the Lions in hopes to spur the offense and earned the starting job for the next two games. Johnson ended his first game with Culpepper at quarterback with two receptions for 92 yards in a 38–14 loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars. During the Week 14 match-up against the division rival Minnesota Vikings, Johnson passed the 1,000-yard receiving mark for the first time in his career after collecting three catches for 84 yards and one touchdown, ending the week with 1,055 yards receiving and nine touchdowns on the season.
Johnson and the 2008 Detroit Lions finished the first ever 0–16 season in NFL history after a 31–21 loss to the Green Bay Packers in Week 17. Despite the Lions' failures and the fact that five different quarterbacks played during the year, Johnson finished as one of the strongest wide receivers statistically for the 2008 season, finishing fifth in receiving yards (1,331) and 7th in receiving yards per game (83.2), and leading the league in receiving touchdowns (12), despite the fact that the entire Lions team only passed for 18 touchdowns. Johnson became the first Lion to lead the NFL in receiving touchdowns since Terry Barr in 1963. However, Johnson missed the Pro Bowl, with most experts attributing the snub to the Lions' dismal winless season.
2009 season
After 2008, Detroit's front office and coaching personnel were essentially overhauled by the team ownership. Matt Millen, the team's incumbent general manager and CEO since 2001, was terminated on September 24, 2008. Head coach Rod Marinelli was fired in the offseason. Marinelli was replaced by Jim Schwartz, then defensive coordinator of the Tennessee Titans. Schwartz ultimately revamped the entire Detroit offensive (and defensive) philosophieshiring Scott Linehan and Gunther Cunningham, respectively. Detroit held the first pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, and selected quarterback Matthew Stafford out of the University of Georgia. Stafford was named the team's starting quarterback out of training camp, but he battled various injuries throughout the season. Much of the 2008 Detroit roster was released by the new regime, and the 2009 team was viewed as somewhat of a work-in-progress and eventually finished with a 2–14 record. Johnson finished the 2009 season with 67 receptions, 984 yards, and five touchdowns, while missing two games.
2010 season
In the season opener against the Chicago Bears, Johnson caught a pass with 31 seconds left in regulation in the end zone for what looked like a game-winning touchdown. However, referee Gene Steratore ruled the catch incomplete, saying that Johnson had not maintained possession of the ball through the entire process of the catch. The Lions lost the game by a score of 19–14. In Week 6, against the New York Giants, he had five receptions for 146 yards and one receiving touchdown in the 28–20 loss. In Week 8, against the Washington Redskins, he had nine receptions for 101 receiving yards and three receiving touchdowns in the 37–25 victory. In Week 10, against the Buffalo Bills, he had ten receptions for 128 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown in the 14–12 loss. The Bills game was the beginning of a four-game streak for Johnson where he recorded a receiving touchdown. In Week 15, against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had ten receptions for 152 receiving yards in the 23–20 victory.
Johnson amassed 77 receptions for 1,120 yards and 12 touchdowns during the 2010 season. He was selected to the first Pro Bowl of his career. Following the 2010 season, Johnson was the recipient of the Lions/Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association/Pro Football Writers Association (Detroit Chapter) Media-Friendly Good Guy Award. Johnson was ranked 27th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011.
2011 season
In 2011, Johnson had his second best statistical season of his NFL career, reaching a then career-high 1,681 receiving yards and 16 touchdowns. In Week 4 against the Dallas Cowboys, Johnson helped rally the Lions from a 24-point deficit to a 34–30 victory by catching two touchdown passes in the fourth quarter, including a famous catch in which Johnson beat the Cowboys' triple coverage in the end zone. This performance gave Johnson eight touchdown receptions through the first four games of the season and tied Cris Carter for most consecutive games with multiple touchdown receptions with four. In a Week 15 game against the Oakland Raiders, Johnson had nine receptions for 214 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 28–27 victory. He joined Cloyce Box as the only players in franchise history to record at least 200 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns in the same game. Johnson and the Lions clinched a playoff spot for the first time since 1999, and the first time in Johnson's career, after a 38–10 beating of the San Diego Chargers on Christmas Eve. In a Week 17 game against the Green Bay Packers, Johnson had 11 receptions for a then career-best 244 receiving yards in a 45–41 loss. Johnson finished the season with 96 receptions for a league-leading 1,681 receiving yards and 16 receiving touchdowns. Johnson became the first Lion to lead the league in receiving yards since Pat Studstill in 1966. The Lions finished with a 10–6 record, finished second in the NFC North, and earned a playoff berth.
Detroit found themselves on the road again in a 2012 NFC Wild Card game against the heavily favored New Orleans Saints in the playoffs. Always tough to play against at the Superdome, the Saints wore down the Detroit defense and New Orleans would go on to a win by a score of 45–28. In the game, Johnson caught 12 passes for 211 receiving yards and two touchdownsbreaking Detroit's playoff record of 150 receiving yards in a playoff game previously held by Brett Perriman and Leonard Thompson. Johnson was ranked third by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012.
2012 season
On March 14, 2012, Johnson signed an eight-year extension worth with the Detroit Lions, with guaranteed, making Johnson the highest-paid receiver in the league. Johnson beat out 42 other players and eliminated quarterback Cam Newton to win the Madden NFL 13 cover athlete on April 25, 2012, on SportsNation. Johnson started off the season with six receptions for 111 yards in a 27–23 victory over the St. Louis Rams. In Week 3, against the Tennessee Titans, he had 10 receptions for 164 yards and a touchdown in the 44–41 loss. In Week 6, against the Philadelphia Eagles, he had six receptions for 135 yards in the 26–23 victory. In the stretch from Week 9 to Week 14, he recorded five consecutive games with 125 receiving yards or more, which tied the NFL record held by Pat Studstill in the 1966 season. In that stretch were performances of 207 yards and a touchdown in a 34–24 loss to the Minnesota Vikings and 171 yards and a touchdown in a 35–33 loss to the Indianapolis Colts. In the Colts game, Johnson was targeted a career-high 20 times. On December 22, against the Atlanta Falcons, Johnson broke Jerry Rice's single-season receiving yards record of 1,848 yards. Johnson was also named a starter for the NFC in the Pro Bowl played in Honolulu, Hawaii. Johnson finished with five receptions for 72 yards against the Chicago Bears in Week 17, missing out on 2,000 receiving yards by 36. Johnson finished the season leading the league in receptions (122) and receiving yards (1,964). Johnson became the only player in the Super Bowl era (since 1967) to average 120 yards per game in a season, when he averaged 122.8 yards per game in 2012. Johnson was ranked third by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013.
2013 season
After a slow start to the 2013 season in Week 1 against the Minnesota Vikings, Johnson had six receptions for 116 yards and two touchdowns in a 25–21 loss to the Arizona Cardinals. In the following game, against the Washington Redskins, he had seven receptions for 115 receiving yards and a touchdown in the 27–20 victory. In Week 7, against the Cincinnati Bengals, he had nine receptions for 155 yards and two receiving touchdowns. On October 27, in a 31–30 win over the Dallas Cowboys, Johnson caught a career-high 14 of 16 passes thrown in his direction; he finished the game with a career-high 329 receiving yards and one touchdown. In addition to breaking the Lions' franchise record of 302 receiving yards set by Cloyce Box on December 3, 1950, it was the highest receiving yardage ever in a regulation-length game and the second-highest overall single-game yardage in NFL history, behind Flipper Anderson's 336-yard performance in a 1989 overtime win. Anderson accumulated 40 of those yards in overtime. In this same game, Johnson tied Lance Alworth for the most career games with at least 200 yards receiving with five. In Week 10 against the Chicago Bears, Johnson had six receptions for 83 yards and two touchdown receptions. The second one gave him the Lions all-time record for touchdown catches with 63, breaking the old mark previously held by Herman Moore. In the following game, he had six receptions for 179 yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 37–27 loss to the Pittsburgh Steelers in Week 11. Following the Steelers game, he added two more 100-yard performances in Weeks 12–13 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Green Bay Packers.
Overall, he finished the 2013 season with 84 receptions, 1,492 receiving yards, and 12 receiving touchdowns in 14 games. Johnson was named to the 2014 Pro Bowl, but an injury forced him to withdraw. Johnson was ranked second by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014.
2014 season
Johnson started the 2014 season off strong with seven receptions for 164 yards and two receiving touchdowns in a 35–14 victory over the New York Giants on Monday Night Football. Johnson suffered an ankle injury that kept him out of action after Week 5. He returned in Week 10 against the Miami Dolphins and had seven receptions for 113 yards and a touchdown in the 20–16 victory. On November 27, in the annual Thanksgiving Day game against the Chicago Bears, Johnson became the fastest player to reach 10,000 receiving yards in NFL history at the time, eclipsing the mark in the second quarter of his 115th game. Against the Bears, he had 11 receptions for 146 yards and two receiving touchdowns in the 34–17 victory. In the next game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, he had eight receptions for 158 yards and a receiving touchdown in the 34–17 victory. He closed the season out with four receptions for 39 yards and two receiving touchdowns in a 30–20 loss to the Green Bay Packers. The Lions finished with a 11–5 record and earned a playoff spot in the Wild Card Round. In the 24–20 loss to the Dallas Cowboys, he had five receptions for 85 receiving yards.
Johnson was named to his fifth consecutive Pro Bowl, the most by any Lion since Barry Sanders was named to ten consecutive Pro Bowls. He finished the 2014 season with 71 receptions for 1,044 receiving yards and receiving eight touchdowns. Johnson and Golden Tate became the Lions' first duo to reach 1,000 yards apiece in the same season since Roy Williams and Mike Furrey in 2006. Johnson was ranked sixth by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015.
2015 season
Much like Week 1 in Chicago five years back, in Week 4 at Seattle, Johnson was involved in another controversial play. This time, late in the fourth quarter, Seahawks safety Kam Chancellor punched the ball out of Johnson's hands while he was trying to score a late go-ahead touchdown. Linebacker K. J. Wright then batted the ball out of the end zone for a touchback. The NFL later admitted the referees should have penalized Wright for illegal batting. The Seahawks won the game by a score of 13–10. In Week 5, a 42–17 loss to the Arizona Cardinals, Johnson caught his 671st career pass, breaking Herman Moore's franchise record. In Week 6, Johnson caught six passes for 166 yards in an overtime 37–34 victory over the Chicago Bears. This gave the Lions their first victory of the season after an 0–5 start. This was his fourth NFC Offensive Player of the Week nomination for his effort against the Bears. In Week 12, against the Philadelphia Eagles, Johnson caught eight passes for 93 yards and three touchdowns to help lead the Lions to their third straight victory and lift their record to 4–7. In Week 8 against the Kansas City Chiefs in the NFL International Series on November 1, Johnson became the fastest player to reach 11,000 receiving yards in NFL history, in his 127th game. Johnson finished the season with 88 receptions for 1,214 yards (13.8 average), and nine touchdowns, reaching 1,000-yards receiving for the sixth consecutive year, and seventh time in nine years. Johnson was named to the Pro Bowl for the sixth consecutive year, but he declined to attend. His 1,214 yards in the 2015 season are the most ever in a player's final season in the NFL, while his 88 receptions are the second most in a player's final season, trailing Sterling Sharpe's 94 receptions in the 1994 season.
Retirement
On March 8, 2016, Johnson announced his retirement from the NFL after nine seasons. His 11,619 receiving yards rank fourth in a player's first nine seasons, trailing only Julio Jones (12,125), Torry Holt (11,864) and Jerry Rice (11,776). Since Johnson was drafted by the Lions with the second overall pick in the 2007 NFL Draft, no player had more receiving yards, receiving touchdowns, and 100-yard games (46) than Johnson through the 2015 season. His 5,137 receiving yards from 2011 to 2013 are the most by any player over a three-year stretch in NFL history. On February 6, 2021, Johnson was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility.
Despite spending his entire 9 year career with the Lions, Johnson does not partake in any events or attend games being played by his former team. He has stated this is because the Lions forced him to repay $1.6 million of his signing bonus for retiring early and not playing out his contract. The Lions offered to pay Johnson $500,000 a year for three years to show up and speak at team events and donate an additional $100,000 to a charity of his choice, but he did not accept the offer, stating, "they need to figure out a way to do it and not have me work for it. Because I already did the work for it". He has said on multiple occasions that things between him and his former team will never be made right until then and has gone on to say that ownership views the team's players as "pawns".
NFL career statistics
Regular season
Postseason
NFL honors
6x Pro Bowler (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015)
3x First team All-Pro (2011, 2012, 2013)
4x NFC Offensive Player of the Week (2010 - Week 8, 2011 - Week 15, 2013 - Week 8, 2015 - Week 6)
2x NFC Offensive Player of the Month (November 2012, October 2013)
Pro Football Hall of Fame All-2010s Team
2007 NFL All-Rookie Team
NFL records
Most receiving yards in a single season (16 games): 1,964 yards (2012)
Seasons with 1,600 yards receiving (2, tied with Marvin Harrison, Torry Holt, Antonio Brown, Julio Jones and Justin Jefferson)
Most consecutive games with at least 100 receiving yards (8, tied with Adam Thielen)
Most consecutive games with at least 10 receptions (4)
Most 100 receiving yard games in a single season (11, tied with Michael Irvin)
Most receiving yards in a five-game span (861 yards)
Most receiving yards in a six-game span (962 yards)
Most receiving yards in a single game in regulation: 329 (October 27, 2013, against the Dallas Cowboys)
Most games with at least 200 receiving yards: 5 (tied with Lance Alworth)
Lions franchise records
Most receiving touchdowns in a single season: 16 (2011)
Most receiving touchdowns, career: 83
Most receiving yards, career: 11,619
Most receptions in a single game: 14 (October 27, 2013, against the Dallas Cowboys, tied with Herman Moore)
Most receiving yards in a single game: 329 (October 27, 2013, against the Dallas Cowboys)
Most receptions, career: 731
Most seasons with 10+ receiving touchdowns: 4
Most career 70+ yard receptions: 8
Most games with multiple touchdowns in one half: 12
Most receiving yards in a single game in regulation (329, October 27, 2013, against the Dallas Cowboys)
Most games with at least 100 receiving yards: 46
Most games with at least 150 receiving yards: 15
Most games with at least 200 receiving yards: 5
Most games with at least 300 receiving yards: 1
Most games with at least one receiving touchdown: 64
Most games with at least two receiving touchdowns: 17
Dancing with the Stars
On August 30, 2016, Johnson was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 23 of Dancing with the Stars. He was partnered with professional dancer Lindsay Arnold. He finished in third place to James Hinchcliffe and Laurie Hernandez.
1 Score given by guest judge Pitbull.2 Score given by guest judge Idina Menzel
Cannabis
In February 2019, Johnson and his wife Brittney were granted preliminary approval to open a medical cannabis dispensary in Michigan. He has since proceeded with plans to launch several cannabis facilities across the state (along with his business partner Rob Sims) under the brand name Primitiv. In August 2019, Johnson was named to the board of directors of the Michigan Cannabis Industry Association.
Also in August 2019, Johnson announced a partnership with Harvard University to study the effects of cannabis on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and its benefits in managing pain. As part of the partnership, Johnson and Sims announced a six-figure donation to the International Phytomedicines and Medical Cannabis Institute at Harvard. In his Hall of Fame induction speech, Johnson noted his work with Harvard and the potential for plant-based medicines to "provide an alternative to their destructive counterparts, opioids".
Personal life
Johnson founded The Calvin Johnson Jr. Foundation, Inc. in 2008. The foundation's goals include dedication to education, training, and social development of at-risk youth and providing financial aide to various community organizations. The Foundation hosts an annual camp called Catching Dreams, which aims to help high school wide receivers.
Johnson became engaged to long-time girlfriend Brittney McNorton in March 2015. They were married in June 2016. The couple currently resides in Detroit. He has a son, C.J., from a previous relationship.
Johnson is a Christian. Johnson has a tattoo of the crucifixion of Jesus on his left arm and a Christian cross on his right arm. Johnson was part of a weekly Bible study group with other Lions players.
See also
List of Detroit Lions first-round draft picks
List of National Football League annual receiving yards leaders
List of National Football League annual receiving touchdowns leaders
List of National Football League annual receptions leaders
List of Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
National Football League 2010s All-Decade Team
References
External links
Pro Football Hall of Fame bio
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets bio
Detroit Lions bio
1985 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
All-American college football players
American football wide receivers
Businesspeople in the cannabis industry
Detroit Lions players
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Newnan, Georgia
People from Tyrone, Georgia
Players of American football from Fayette County, Georgia
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players |
Filippo Corridoni was one of two Bragadin-class submarines built for the (Royal Italian Navy) during the late 1920s. The boat participated in the Second World War and was discarded in 1948.
Design and description
The Bragadin-class submarines were essentially minelaying versions of the earlier . They shared that class's problems with stability and had to be modified to correct those problems after completion. They displaced surfaced and submerged. As built the submarines were long, had a beam of and a draft of . In 1935 the stern was shortened and the boats were bulged to improve their stability. They now measured in length and had a beam of and draft of . They had an operational diving depth of . Their crew numbered 56 officers and enlisted men.
For surface running, the boats were powered by two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a electric motor. They could reach on the surface and underwater. On the surface, the Bragadin class had a range of at , submerged, they had a range of at .
The boats were armed with four internal torpedo tubes in the bow for which they carried six torpedoes. In the stern were two tubes which could accommodate a total of 16 or 24 naval mines, depending on the type. They were also armed with one deck gun for combat on the surface. Their anti-aircraft armament consisted of two machine guns.
Construction and career
Filippo Corridoni was laid down by Cantieri navali Tosi di Taranto at their Taranto shipyard on 4 July 1927, launched on 30 March 1930 and completed on 17 November 1931.
References
Bibliography
External links
Sommergibili Marina Militare website
1930 ships
Bragadin-class submarines
World War II submarines of Italy
Ships built by Cantieri navali Tosi di Taranto
Ships built in Taranto |
The figure skating season is the period of time in which competitions are contested in the sport of figure skating. The skating season begins on July 1 of one year and lasts until June 30 of the next year, thus spanning a full 12 months. The seasons are referred to by the years they span; for example, the 2017–18 figure skating season began in July 2017 and ended in June 2018.
Fall internationals
Fall international events have existed for decades. In 1995, the International Skating Union brought five of the most popular senior events together into a series offering prize money in response to the then-success of professional skating. The events were Skate America, Skate Canada International, Trophée de France, Nations Cup (later known as Sparkassen Cup and Bofrost Cup), and the NHK Trophy. They comprised the Champions Series, since renamed the Grand Prix of Figure Skating, and took up the fall. They concluded with a Final held in the spring before the World Championships in which the top six skaters in each discipline compete against each other. In 2001, the Final was moved to December. This led to the confusion of having two Finals within one calendar year. In 1996, a sixth event was added: the Cup of Russia. The event in Germany was replaced in 2003 with the Cup of China.
Other internationals traditionally held in the fall exist independently of the Grand Prix circuit. In 2014, the ISU created the Challenger Series, a circuit of 10 senior events below the Grand Prix series, but above other international events. The series includes long-existing events such as the Nebelhorn Trophy, and offers prize money for the top three skaters or couples in the series.
In 1997, the ISU instituted the ISU Junior Series, since renamed the ISU Junior Grand Prix, which contains more competitions than its senior counterpart. The Final was originally held in March, but was moved to December in 1999. The Junior Grand Prix currently holds its first competition in August and so kicks off the ISU calendar of competitions for the season.
National championships
Most countries hold annual national championships, often referred to informally as "nationals". There is no set specific time in which national championships must be held. While some countries rely on the results of their nationals to choose the teams for the ISU Championships, others have more varied criteria depending on international placement or testing results.
ISU Championships
The ISU holds five championships every season. Currently, the first one to be held is the European Figure Skating Championships. It usually takes place in January. The European Championships, often referred to informally as "Europeans", is the oldest of the five championships; it was first held in 1891 and sanctioned by the ISU in 1893. It is open to skaters from European member nations of the ISU.
The next one held is the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships. It usually takes place in early February. The Four Continents Championships were established in 1999 to be the equivalent of Europeans for skaters from non-European member nations.
The World Junior Figure Skating Championships, often informally called "Junior Worlds" or "World Juniors", were for many years held in late November or December. Following the 1998–1999 season, they were moved to late February/early March, and have been held after the Four Continents Championships. Even when they were held before the New Year, the events were officially referred to by the next calendar year, and the champions are listed in results by that year. For example, Ilia Klimkin, who won it in November 1998, is officially the 1999 World Junior champion. By ISU regulation, the World Junior Championships should be held in the first half of March. The World Junior Championships are open to skaters who fit into a certain age category. Currently, skaters must be between the ages of 13 and 19 (or 13 and 21 for the men in pairs and ice dance) in order to compete.
The World Figure Skating Championships, commonly referred to informally as "Worlds", are the next ISU Championship to be held. By ISU regulation, they must take place following the fourth Monday in February and there should be at least fourteen days between Worlds and the Four Continents Championships or European Championships, whichever happens later. The first World Championship was held in 1896. The World Championships are open to all member nations of the ISU.
The final ISU Championship of the year is the World Synchronized Skating Championships.
The Olympics
Every four years, figure skating is contested at the Olympic Winter Games. The Olympics usually take place in February. Since the inception of the Four Continents Championships, both the European and Four Continents Championships have been held before the Olympics, with the World Junior Championships, World Championships, and World Synchronized Skating Championships occurring after.
Unlike in some other sports, there are World Championships in Olympic years.
Other competitions
Other international competitions take place throughout the season. These competitions do not hold the prestige of the Grand Prix or ISU championships, but have an ISU sanction. The international season typically ends with the Triglav Trophy, a competition for novice, junior, and senior-level skaters, held annually in April.
Club competitions take place over the year, with the largest usually taking place in the summer. Although summer club competitions can be large and attract high-level skaters, they are not prestigious events and do not count towards anything.
Seasons
2008–2009 figure skating season
2009–2010 figure skating season
2010–2011 figure skating season
2011–2012 figure skating season
2012–2013 figure skating season
2013–2014 figure skating season
2014–2015 figure skating season
2015–2016 figure skating season
2016–2017 figure skating season
2017–2018 figure skating season
2018–2019 figure skating season
2019–2020 figure skating season
References
season |
It's Alright or It's All Right may refer to:
Music
Albums
It's All Right! (Teddy Edwards album), a 1967 jazz album by Teddy Edwards
It's All Right! (Wynton Kelly album), a 1964 jazz album
It's Alright (I See Rainbows), a 1982 album by Yoko Ono
It's Alright, a 1977 album by Frank Sinatra Jr.
Songs
"It's All Right" (The Impressions song), 1963
"But It's Alright" (aka "It's Alright"), by J.J. Jackson, 1966
"It's Alright", by Steve Winwood, 1994
"It's Alright" (311 song), 2009
"It's Alright" (Classic Example song), 1992
"It's Alright" (East 17 song), 1993
"It's Alright" (Echo & the Bunnymen song), 2001
"It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)", 1985, by Eurythmics
"It's Alright" (Deni Hines song), 1995
"It's Alright" (Jay-Z and Memphis Bleek song), 1998
"It's Alright" (Kaycee Grogan song), 1996
"It's Alright" (Ricky Martin song), 2006
"It's Alright" (Chanté Moore song), 1992
"It's Alright" (Pet Shop Boys song), 1987, originally by Sterling Void, later covered by Pet Shop Boys from the album Introspective
"It's Alright" (Queen Latifah song), 1997
"It's All Right", 1963 song, B-side to Gerry and the Pacemakers' "You'll Never Walk Alone"
"It's All Right", a song by Joe Walsh from his album Songs for a Dying Planet
"It's Alright", by Adam Faith, featured in the film Good Morning Vietnam
"It's Alright", by The American Analog Set, from the album The Fun of Watching Fireworks
"It's Alright", by Big Head Todd and the Monsters, from the album Sister Sweetly
"It's Alright", by Black Sabbath, from the album Technical Ecstasy
"It's Alright", by Candlebox, from the album Happy Pills
"It's Alright", by The Cockroaches from their 1987 debut album: The Cockroaches
"It's Alright", by Fabolous
"It's Alright", by Five from Invincible
"It's Alright", by The Kinks, B-side to the single "You Really Got Me"
"It's Alright", by Matt & Kim
"It's All Right", by Ray Charles, from the album Yes Indeed!
"It's Alright", by Yoko Ono, from the album It's Alright (I See Rainbows)
"It's Alright", theme song to the BBC's New Tricks
"It's Alright (So Far)", by The 1975
"It's Alright" by Paul Stanley, from his 1978 self-titled album
"It's Alright", by Mother Mother, from the album Dance and Cry
"It's Alright", 2021 song from My Little Pony: A New Generation
Entertainment
It's All Right! (TV series)
See also
I'm Alright (disambiguation) |
Erik Gustav Ahlman (8 May 1892 – 27 August 1952) was a Finnish philosopher and linguist. Ahlman initiated his academic career as a classical philologist.
Ahlman was born in Turku. He worked as a theoretical science education professor at the Jyväskylä College of Education from 1935 to 1948 (rector from 1940 to 1948) and then Professor of Moral Philosophy of the University of Helsinki from 1948–1952. His most important works are Arvojen ja välineiden maailma (1920), Kulttuurin perustekijöitä (1939) and Ihmisen probleemi (1953).
Erik Ahlman's daughter was a professor of psychology at the University of Turku, Kirsti Lagerspetz (1932–2001). The family's philosophical traditions have continued at the University of Turku with philosophy professor Eerik Lagerspetz (1956–) and Åbo Akademi University philosophy professor Olli Lagerspetz (1963–).
References
1892 births
1952 deaths
Linguists from Finland
Scientists from Turku
Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
20th-century Finnish philosophers
Finnish philologists
Academic staff of the University of Jyväskylä
20th-century linguists
20th-century philologists |
Acharakkovai () is a poetic work of didactic nature belonging to the Eighteen Lesser Texts (Pathinenkilkanakku) anthology of Tamil literature. This belongs to the 'post Sangam period' corresponding to between 600 and 900 CE. Acharakkovai contains 100 poems written by the poet Peruvaayin Mulliyaar. The poems of Acharakkovai are written in the Venpa meter.
Literature
Acharakkovai literally translates to "the garland of right conduct" of a Saiva author, Kayatturp Peruvayil Mulliyar. Acharakkovai shows influences of Sanskrit literature and hence believed to be of a later period than the other poems in the Pathinenkilkanakku anthology. The instructions in Acharakkovai are concerned with personal ritual and the correct method to follow. The work has 100 stanzas in venpa meter and is a collection of moral exhortations, ritual observances and customs that are considered proper and correct. 8 poems (1, 10, 27, 36, 46, 55, 56, 100) follow patrodai venpa (venpa having lines of five), 52 poems (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 51, 52, 54, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 78, 81, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 97, 98, 99) follow innisai chithial venpa (venpa with 3 lines), 33 poems (2, 4, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 26, 32, 34, 35, 38, 43, 44, 47, 50, 53, 57, 58, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 74, 76, 82, 83, 84, 94, 95, 96) follow innisai venpa (venpa with 4 lines), 1 poem (33) follows kural venpa (venpa with lines of 2), 1 poem (16) follows cavalai venpa (venpa with lines of four) and remaining 5 poems (37, 79, 80, 85, 92) follow nerisai venpa (venpa with lines of four).
Morals
The book is rich in etiquette and taboos, which are classificatory of any literature teaching morals.
Etiquette
The general importance of character elements of an individual namely blessings of parents (4), respect of five elements namely brahmins, cows, the Sun, the moon, the king and teachers (15,16, 74) and importance of speech (1) is stressed. Eating rules of eating like eating after feeding elderly, cows, birds and children (21, 26, 86) and direction of eating (24). Invite and prostrate before elders (62, 72, 40), carry umbrella for elders (60), not calling elders by name (80), not treating them arrogantly by words or body language (91), speaking by covering mouth (97), be attentive (94, 41), using the same nice tone with elders and inferiors (80), never despise food offered and self-boast about rituals performed(88) and not use prolonged abuse of wife (80). One should feed everyone during marriages, festivals and parental rituals (48); greet everyone heartily (31), never walk between Brahmins or deities, or between lamps and persons (31, 36). The way of dressing, speaking and reprimanding reveals the nature of a person (49) and the necessity of being modest is highlighted in 71.
Taboos
Twenty nine stanzas detail various taboos that throw superstition of the time. Verses 5-8 deal with (pollution) that arises from urination, excretion, sexual contact, saliva, looking at an untouchable, but broadly misses the birth and death time pollutions. While bathing one must now swim, spit into water (14, 35, 36) and one should not see his reflection in water, scratch ground (13), not wear others' soiled slippers or clothes (12, 36), wear two garments while coming out of bath with one garment (11), not sleep opposite to door step (22, 45), nor facing north or midway point (30), use of both hands while providing drinks to elders (28), extinguish fire with water during the day (33), bow towards one sneezes (31), spitting or passing motion in various places (32), not to excrete facing south during the day or north during night (33), not pass motions imagining one is facing all ten directions (34).
Caste Treatise
The notion of untouchability seems to have emerged in the Sangam period itself with references from the work indicating water touched by pulaiyar being considered unfit for consumption of higher caste. Pulaiyars are referred as meat eaters (since "pulai" means "meat").
Criticism
The presence of this work in the Sangam literature is debated as the period of compilation is found to be in the late 8th century. There is heavy dosage of Brahminical influence in verses 2, 5, 15, 31, 34, 41, 47, 48, 61, 64 and 92. There is heavy influence of Sanskrit literature in the style of the work.
Notes
References
Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
.
.
External links
Tamil language
Sangam literature
Tamil Hindu literature
Ancient Indian poems |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
* found in the LICENSE file.
*
*/
#ifndef VisualBenchmarkStream_DEFINED
#define VisualBenchmarkStream_DEFINED
#include "Benchmark.h"
#include "gm.h"
#include "SkCommandLineFlags.h"
#include "SkPicture.h"
DECLARE_string(match);
class VisualBenchmarkStream {
public:
VisualBenchmarkStream();
static bool ReadPicture(const char* path, SkAutoTUnref<SkPicture>* pic);
Benchmark* next();
private:
const BenchRegistry* fBenches;
const skiagm::GMRegistry* fGMs;
SkTArray<SkString> fSKPs;
const char* fSourceType; // What we're benching: bench, GM, SKP, ...
const char* fBenchType; // How we bench it: micro, playback, ...
int fCurrentSKP;
};
#endif
``` |
The Memorial Chapel of The Leys is situated on the grounds of The Leys School, Cambridge, England. It was built as a memorial to the first headmaster of The Leys, William Fiddian Moulton. Plans for the chapel, designed by architect Robert Curwen, were first presented to the school's second headmaster, W. T. A. Barber; he deemed the project an unnecessary luxury. School services continued to be held instead in the school hall, until 1904 when the school governors approved the chapel's construction. The cost, including all furnishings, was estimated in 1925 to have been £39,000.
The foundation stone was laid at the marble West Door by Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont on 8 June 1905 and the chapel was consecrated on 27 October 1906. The building's design is Gothic Revival, to complement the surrounding buildings. All visible woodwork is in oak. The roof comprises elaborately worked trestles and tracery, somewhat after the lines of the famous roof of Westminster Hall. The floor is of alternating black and white marble. The chapel was designed to seat 350 boys, with the west balcony reserved for household staff.
Memorials
In 1914, 927 Leysians joined the armed services and 146 of them died in the First World War. A memorial to the old Leysians who died, costing £48,000 and funded by donation, was on 6 June 1920 unveiled by the Duke of York, later King George VI. The memorial consists of four rows of names divided in the middle by a statue of an armoured St George, below which is written "To The Immortal Memory of Old Leysians Who Fell In The War Of 1914–1919", and in large block capitals the words "My Marks And Scars With Me To Be A Witness For Me That I Have Fought His Battles Who Now Will Be My Reward."
Stained glass
The chapel has fourteen windows; the Governors commissioned H. J. Salisbury to decorate them all according to a unified theme. The work was modelled on the windows of the King's College Chapel, Cambridge. Because The Leys is a Methodist school, the work was required to be simple and avoid complex symbolism.
All but one of the windows depicts passages from the New Testament concerning the story of Christ; the large window over the main entrance instead shows ten Old Testament subjects forecasting the coming of the Messiah.
Pulpit
The pulpit is made of oak and has a brass inscription reading "To the Glory of God and for the Preaching of His holy word this Pulpit was carved by Anne Hobson, Helen Mary Chubb, and George Hayter Chubb, and presented by the latter to The Leys, October, 1906."
Benches
There are thirty-two oak benches in the chapel, thirty with square ends and two with sloping ends.
Further reading
Sir George Hayter Chubb, The Memorial Chapel Of The Leys School Cambridge, Herbert Jenkins, 1925.
Churches completed in 1906
20th-century churches in the United Kingdom
1906 establishments in England
Churches in Cambridge
Chapels in England
University and college chapels in the United Kingdom |
```julia
module ExperimentalGibbsTests
using ..Models: MoGtest_default, MoGtest_default_z_vector, gdemo
using ..NumericalTests: check_MoGtest_default, check_MoGtest_default_z_vector, check_gdemo,
check_numerical, two_sample_test
using DynamicPPL
using Random
using Test
using Turing
using Turing.Inference: AdvancedHMC, AdvancedMH
using ForwardDiff: ForwardDiff
using ReverseDiff: ReverseDiff
function check_transition_varnames(
transition::Turing.Inference.Transition,
parent_varnames
)
transition_varnames = mapreduce(vcat, transition.) do vn_and_val
[first(vn_and_val)]
end
# Varnames in `transition` should be subsumed by those in `vns`.
for vn in transition_varnames
@test any(Base.Fix2(DynamicPPL.subsumes, vn), parent_varnames)
end
end
const DEMO_MODELS_WITHOUT_DOT_ASSUME = Union{
Model{typeof(DynamicPPL.TestUtils.demo_assume_index_observe)},
Model{typeof(DynamicPPL.TestUtils.demo_assume_multivariate_observe)},
Model{typeof(DynamicPPL.TestUtils.demo_assume_dot_observe)},
Model{typeof(DynamicPPL.TestUtils.demo_assume_observe_literal)},
Model{typeof(DynamicPPL.TestUtils.demo_assume_literal_dot_observe)},
Model{typeof(DynamicPPL.TestUtils.demo_assume_matrix_dot_observe_matrix)},
}
has_dot_assume(::DEMO_MODELS_WITHOUT_DOT_ASSUME) = false
has_dot_assume(::Model) = true
@testset "Gibbs using `condition`" begin
@testset "Demo models" begin
@testset "$(model.f)" for model in DynamicPPL.TestUtils.DEMO_MODELS
vns = DynamicPPL.TestUtils.varnames(model)
# Run one sampler on variables starting with `s` and another on variables starting with `m`.
vns_s = filter(vns) do vn
DynamicPPL.getsym(vn) == :s
end
vns_m = filter(vns) do vn
DynamicPPL.getsym(vn) == :m
end
samplers = [
Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
vns_s => NUTS(),
vns_m => NUTS(),
),
Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
vns_s => NUTS(),
vns_m => HMC(0.01, 4),
)
]
if !has_dot_assume(model)
# Add in some MH samplers, which are not compatible with `.~`.
append!(
samplers,
[
Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
vns_s => HMC(0.01, 4),
vns_m => MH(),
),
Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
vns_s => MH(),
vns_m => HMC(0.01, 4),
)
]
)
end
@testset "$sampler" for sampler in samplers
# Check that taking steps performs as expected.
rng = Random.default_rng()
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(sampler))
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
for _ = 1:5
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(sampler), state)
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
end
end
@testset "comparison with 'gold-standard' samples" begin
num_iterations = 1_000
thinning = 10
num_chains = 4
# Determine initial parameters to make comparison as fair as possible.
posterior_mean = DynamicPPL.TestUtils.posterior_mean(model)
initial_params = DynamicPPL.TestUtils.update_values!!(
DynamicPPL.VarInfo(model),
posterior_mean,
DynamicPPL.TestUtils.varnames(model),
)[:]
initial_params = fill(initial_params, num_chains)
# Sampler to use for Gibbs components.
sampler_inner = HMC(0.1, 32)
sampler = Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
vns_s => sampler_inner,
vns_m => sampler_inner,
)
Random.seed!(42)
chain = sample(
model,
sampler,
MCMCThreads(),
num_iterations,
num_chains;
progress=false,
initial_params=initial_params,
discard_initial=1_000,
thinning=thinning
)
# "Ground truth" samples.
# TODO: Replace with closed-form sampling once that is implemented in DynamicPPL.
Random.seed!(42)
chain_true = sample(
model,
NUTS(),
MCMCThreads(),
num_iterations,
num_chains;
progress=false,
initial_params=initial_params,
thinning=thinning,
)
# Perform KS test to ensure that the chains are similar.
xs = Array(chain)
xs_true = Array(chain_true)
for i = 1:size(xs, 2)
@test two_sample_test(xs[:, i], xs_true[:, i]; warn_on_fail=true)
# Let's make sure that the significance level is not too low by
# checking that the KS test fails for some simple transformations.
# TODO: Replace the heuristic below with closed-form implementations
# of the targets, once they are implemented in DynamicPPL.
@test !two_sample_test(0.9 .* xs_true[:, i], xs_true[:, i])
@test !two_sample_test(1.1 .* xs_true[:, i], xs_true[:, i])
@test !two_sample_test(1e-1 .+ xs_true[:, i], xs_true[:, i])
end
end
end
end
@testset "multiple varnames" begin
rng = Random.default_rng()
@testset "with both `s` and `m` as random" begin
model = gdemo(1.5, 2.0)
vns = (@varname(s), @varname(m))
alg = Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(vns => MH())
# `step`
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg))
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
for _ in 1:5
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(
rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg), state
)
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
end
# `sample`
Random.seed!(42)
chain = sample(model, alg, 10_000; progress=false)
check_numerical(chain, [:s, :m], [49 / 24, 7 / 6]; atol=0.4)
end
@testset "without `m` as random" begin
model = gdemo(1.5, 2.0) | (m=7 / 6,)
vns = (@varname(s),)
alg = Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(vns => MH())
# `step`
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg))
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
for _ in 1:5
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(
rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg), state
)
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
end
end
end
@testset "CSMC + ESS" begin
rng = Random.default_rng()
model = MoGtest_default
alg = Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
(@varname(z1), @varname(z2), @varname(z3), @varname(z4)) => CSMC(15),
@varname(mu1) => ESS(),
@varname(mu2) => ESS(),
)
vns = (@varname(z1), @varname(z2), @varname(z3), @varname(z4), @varname(mu1), @varname(mu2))
# `step`
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg))
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
for _ = 1:5
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg), state)
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
end
# Sample!
Random.seed!(42)
chain = sample(MoGtest_default, alg, 1000; progress=false)
check_MoGtest_default(chain, atol = 0.2)
end
@testset "CSMC + ESS (usage of implicit varname)" begin
rng = Random.default_rng()
model = MoGtest_default_z_vector
alg = Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
@varname(z) => CSMC(15),
@varname(mu1) => ESS(),
@varname(mu2) => ESS(),
)
vns = (@varname(z[1]), @varname(z[2]), @varname(z[3]), @varname(z[4]), @varname(mu1), @varname(mu2))
# `step`
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg))
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
for _ = 1:5
transition, state = AbstractMCMC.step(rng, model, DynamicPPL.Sampler(alg), state)
check_transition_varnames(transition, vns)
end
# Sample!
Random.seed!(42)
chain = sample(model, alg, 1000; progress=false)
check_MoGtest_default_z_vector(chain, atol = 0.2)
end
@testset "externsalsampler" begin
@model function demo_gibbs_external()
m1 ~ Normal()
m2 ~ Normal()
-1 ~ Normal(m1, 1)
+1 ~ Normal(m1 + m2, 1)
return (; m1, m2)
end
model = demo_gibbs_external()
samplers_inner = [
externalsampler(AdvancedMH.RWMH(1)),
externalsampler(AdvancedHMC.HMC(1e-1, 32), adtype=AutoForwardDiff()),
externalsampler(AdvancedHMC.HMC(1e-1, 32), adtype=AutoReverseDiff()),
externalsampler(AdvancedHMC.HMC(1e-1, 32), adtype=AutoReverseDiff(compile=true)),
]
@testset "$(sampler_inner)" for sampler_inner in samplers_inner
sampler = Turing.Experimental.Gibbs(
@varname(m1) => sampler_inner,
@varname(m2) => sampler_inner,
)
Random.seed!(42)
chain = sample(model, sampler, 1000; discard_initial=1000, thinning=10, n_adapts=0)
check_numerical(chain, [:m1, :m2], [-0.2, 0.6], atol=0.1)
end
end
end
end
``` |
Miguel Rafael Martos Sánchez (born 5 May 1943), often simply referred to as Raphael, is a Spanish singer. Raphael is recognized as one of the most successful Spanish singers in the world, having sold more than 70 million records worldwide in 7 languages. Currently, he is considered one of the most active singers of the so-called "divos of the romantic ballad", touring throughout America and Europe, transmitting for 60 years of artistic career, a repertoire full of novelty, for which his oldest songs are being recorded again, thus remastering with modern sounds closer to today's youth.
Childhood
Raphael was born Miguel Rafael Martos Sánchez in Linares, province of Jaén (Spain). As a consequence, he is nicknamed both "El Ruiseñor de Linares" ("Nightingale of Linares") and "El Divo de Linares" ("The Divo from Linares") but is also known as "El Niño". His family moved to Madrid when he was nine months old, and he started singing when he was just three years-old. He joined a children's choir at age four. When he was 9, he was recognized as the best child voice in Europe at a contest in Salzburg, Austria. His two idols, when he was growing up, and with whom he announced, on 6 October 2014, his plans to record posthumous duets with, were said to be US singer Elvis Presley and French diva Edith Piaf.
Career
First recordings
Raphael began his professional career by singing with the Dutch record label Philips. To distinguish himself, he adopted the "ph" of the company's name and christened himself 'Raphael'. His first singles were "Te voy a contar mi vida" and "A pesar de todo", among others. Raphael adopted his own peculiar singing style from the beginning; he is known for acting each one of his songs while on stage, emphasizing his gestures with high dramatic effect. It is not unusual for Raphael to ad lib lyrics as to localize a song depending on the venue he's singing at, wear Latin American peasant costumes and dance folk dances within a song, kicking and demolishing a mirror, or doing the moves of a flamenco dancer or a bullfighter onstage. He also possesses a wide vocal range, which he often used in the beginning of his career as to evoke a choirboy approach to some songs.
From Benidorm and Eurovision to becoming an international star
When he was nineteen, he won first, second and third awards at the famous Benidorm International Song Festival, Spain, in 1962 and 1963 with the songs: "Llevan", "Inmensidad" and "Tu Conciencia". After a brief relation with Barclay record label, who produced just an EP, he signed a contract with Hispavox recording company, and began a long artistic relationship with the musical director of this label, the late, talented Argentinian orchestrator Waldo de los Ríos and intensify the partnership with outstanding Spanish songwriter Manuel Alejandro.
Raphael represented Spain at the and Eurovision Song Contests singing "Yo soy aquél" in Luxembourg, and "Hablemos del amor" in Vienna, placing seventh and sixth, respectively. This marked Spain's strongest showing in the contest at the time, leaving the door open for victory the following year, which Spain achieved with "La, la, la" performed by Massiel. This served as a turning point in Raphael's career, making him an international star. He traveled and performed worldwide in Europe, Latin America, Puerto Rico, the United States, Russia and Japan. Songs such as "Yo soy aquel" (his signature song), "Cuando tú no estás", "Mi gran noche", "Digan lo que digan", "Tema de amor", "Estuve enamorado" and "Desde aquel día" cemented his status as a major international singing star.
Raphael also began a lucrative film career, appearing in, Cuando tú no estás (Mario Camus, 1966), which was followed by Al ponerse el Sol (Mario Camus, 1967) Digan lo que digan (Mario Camus, 1968, filmed in Argentina), El golfo (1969, filmed in México), El ángel (1969), Sin Un Adiós (1970, partially filmed in England) and Volveré a nacer (1972).
Latin American popularity
As Raphael became a success in Latin America, he made a habit of recording Latin American folk standards including "Huapango torero", "Sandunga" and "Llorona"; they were hits in Mexico. In 1967 Raphael began a tour throughout America.
American and Spanish television appearances
He appeared live on The Ed Sullivan Show with great success on 25 October 1970, singing (in Spanish, English and Italian) "Hallelujah" and "Hava Nagila". He appeared again on 27 December 1970, with the songs "Maybe" (Somos), "When my love is around" (Cuando llega mi amor) and "The sound of the trumpet" (Balada de la trompeta).
In 1975, Raphael began his own successful program on Spanish Television called El Mundo de Raphael, where he sang with international stars. He also had a radio program, where he and his wife spoke with and interviewed outstanding personalities, and he starred in soap operas, starting with the Mexican production Donde termina el camino, shown in the spring of 1978 and later in other countries like Peru and Chile.
Golden 80s
Raphael succeeded in the early 1980s with songs such as "¿Qué tal te va sin mí?", "Como yo te amo", "En carne viva" and "Estar enamorado".
In 1980 Raphael receives a Uranium disc, in recognition of his fifty million copies sold throughout his recording career.
During 1984 and 1985 he recorded two albums with songs written by José Luis Perales like "Ámame", "Yo sigo siendo aquel", "Dile que vuelva", "Y... Cómo es él" and "Estoy llorando hoy por ti".
In 1984 a parody of "Yo soy aquél" was used in a radio spot in Puerto Rico's gubernatorial race. Then-governor Carlos Romero Barceló used the parody (complete with a Raphael sound-alike) namely as a jab against opponent, Raphael's namesake, (and noted Spanophile), former governor Rafael Hernández Colón. Raphael was surprised by the unauthorized use of the music, but was highly amused by the reference.
In 1987 he left Hispavox and signed a contract with Columbia (now Sony Music), where he again recorded songs written by Roberto Livi like "Toco madera" and "Maravilloso corazón". In 1991 he had a hit with "Escándalo" in Spain, Latin America, and in Japan, where it reached number one. At the end of the 1990s, after ending a contract with PolyGram, he went back to EMI. In 1998 the artist published the first part of his memoirs titled ¿Y mañana qué?, from his childhood until his marriage in 1972.
Raphael took part in the 2000 Spanish version of the stage musical Jekyll & Hyde for seven months, with great success.
Personal life
He married aristocrat, journalist and writer Natalia Figueroa, in Venice (Italy) on 14 July 1972. They have three children: Jacobo, Alejandra and Manuel.
Raphael's health faced a major setback in 2003, when his liver started failing due to a latent bout with hepatitis B; he recovered successfully after a transplant. Since then he is an active organ donation promoter.
Awards and accomplishments
Raphael has received numerous awards.
He was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame in 2003.
Recently Raphael received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2022 Billboard Latin Music Awards.
Discography
Raphael (1965)
Raphael Canta (1966)
Al Ponerse El Sol (1967)
Digan Lo Que Digan (1967)
El Golfo (1968)
Huapango Torero + 3 (EP – México) (1969)
El Angel (1969) – Ecuador Only
Raphael – El Idolo (Philips EP's Compilation) (1969)
Aqui! (1969)
Corazón, Corazón (1970) México
Live at the Talk of the Town (1970) (recorded at the London Talk of the Town)
Aleluya... (1970)
Algo Más (1971)
Háblame De Amor (From 'Top Star Festival' LP) (1971)
Volveré A Nacer (1972)
Le Llaman Jesús! (1973)
From Here On... (1973) – English Album
Raphael (A La Huella...) (1974)
Raphael (De... Para...) (1974)
Qué Dirán De Mí (1974)
Sombras + 3 (1974) (EP. – Ecuador)
No Eches La Culpa Al Gitano (From "Juntos Para Ayudarte" LP) (1974)
Recital Hispanoamericano (1975) – With Los Gemelos
Con El Sol De La Mañana (1976)
Raphael Canta... (1976)
El Cantor (1977) (México)
Una Forma Muy Mía De Amar (1978)
Y... Sigo Mi Camino (1980)
Vivo Live Direct – 20th Anniversary (Live Double Album) (1980)
En Carne Viva (1981)
Raphael: Ayer, Hoy y Siempre (1982)
Enamorado De La Vida (1983)
Eternamente Tuyo (1984)
Yo Sigo Siendo Aquel – 25th Anniversary (1985)
Todo Una Vida (1986)
Las Apariencias Engañan (1988)
Maravilloso Corazón, Maravilloso (1989)
Andaluz (1990)
Ave Fénix (1992)
Fantasía (1994)
Desde el fondo de mi alma (1995)
Punto y Seguido (1997)
Vete (1997) – Duet with Nino Bravo
Jekyll & Hyde (2001)
Maldito Raphael (2001)
De Vuelta (2003)
Vuelve Por Navidad (2004)
A Que No Te Vas (2006) – Duet with Rocio Jurado
Cerca de ti (2006)
Maravilloso Raphael (2007)
Raphael 50 Anos Después (CD + DVD) (2008)
Viva Raphael! (2009)
50 Años Después – En Directo y Al Completo (3 CD + DVD) (2009)
Te Llevo En El Corazón (3 CD + DVD) (2010)
Te Llevo En El Corazón. Essential (2011)
El Reencuentro (2012)
El Reencuentro En Directo (CD + DVD) (2012)
Mi Gran Noche (2013)
50 Exitos De Mi Vida (3 CD + DVD) (2013)
De Amor & Desamor (LP + CD) (2014)
Raphael Sinphónico (CD + DVD) (2015)
Ven A Mi Casa Esta Navidad (CD) (2015)
Infinitos Bailes (LP + CD) (2016)
6.0 En Concierto (2021)
Victoria (2022)
Filmography
Las Gemelas (1963) – As Alberto
Cuando Tú No Estás (1966) – As Rafael
Al Ponerse El Sol (1967) – As David Alonso
Digan lo que digan (1968) – As Rafael Gandía
El Golfo (1968)- As Pancho
El Ángel (1969)- As El Angel
Sin Un Adiós (1970) – As Mario Leiva
Volveré A Nacer (1973) – As Alex
Rafael en Raphael (Documentary) (1974) – As himself
Donde Termina El Camino (TV) (1978)- As Manuel
Ritmo, Amor y Primavera (1981) – As himself
Jekyll & Hyde (Musical) (2000) – As Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
Balada Triste de Trompeta" (The Last Circus) (2010) – As himself, through use of Sin Un Adiós footage
Mi Gran Noche'' (2015) – As Alphonso
Tours
De vuelta Tour (2003-2004)
Raphael Para todos Tour (2005)
Más cerca de ti Tour (2007-2008)
50 años después Tour (2009-2010)
Te llevo en el corazón Tour (2010-2011)
El reencuentro Tour (2012)
Mi gran noche Tour (2013–2014)
De Amor y Desamor Tour (2014–2015)
Raphael Sinphonico World Tour (2015–2016)
Loco por Cantar World Tour (2017-2018)
Raphael RESinphónico World Tour (2018–2020)
Raphael 6.0: 60 años sobre los escenarios (2020-2022)
Raphael Tour 6.0 In America (2022)
Tour Victoria (2022-)
Raphael Museum
The Raphael Museum is located in El Pósito, a very beautiful building in the centre of Linares. It houses more than 400 pieces and original documents from the artist.
See also
List of best-selling Latin music artists
Notes
References
External links
Raphael's official site
Raphael's Worldwide site
Raphael's Russian site, the biggest in the world
Letra de su canción Yo Soy Aquél (Spanish and English)
Letra de su canción Hablemos Del Amor (Spanish and English)
1943 births
Living people
People from Linares, Jaén
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Spain
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1966
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 1967
Spanish male singers
Singers from Andalusia
EMI Latin artists
Sony Music Latin artists |
Jaffredo is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Lionel Jaffredo (born 1970), French football referee
Marie Jaffredo (born 1966), French comics artist
Martial Jaffredo (born 1976), former ice dancer who represented France
Surnames of French origin |
The Boma Plateau is a region in the east of South Sudan, located in the Jonglei and Eastern Equatoria provinces. It is inhabited by the Anuak, Murle and Toposa peoples. It contains important wetlands for birdlife in the region. Wildlife is threatened by overgrazing by cattle, and by overhunting by local tribes with firearms.
Within it, Boma National Park (2,280,000 ha) was established in 1977.
The Boma Plateau is also one of the few places in the world where wild Coffea arabica grows.
It is contiguous with the Ethiopian Highlands.
References
Plateaus of Africa
Landforms of South Sudan
Ethiopian Highlands |
Giridih Municipal Corporation is the municipal corporation governing Indian city of Giridih. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of municipal corporation in Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. The corporation is governed by Mayor and administered by Municipal commissioner.
History and administration
Giridih Municipal Corporation Municipal Corporation was formed in 2016 to improve the infrastructure of the town as per the needs of local population. Giridih Municipal Corporation Corporation has been categorized into 36 wards and each ward is headed by councillor for which elections are held every 5 years.
Functions
Giridih Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:
Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
Approving construction of new buildings and authorizing use of land for various purposes.
Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped, old age and gender biased people.
Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.
Revenue
The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government
Revenue from taxes
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation:
Property tax
Profession tax
Entertainment tax
Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax
Advertisement tax
Revenue from non-tax sources
Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation:
Water usage charges
Fees from Documentation services
Rent received from municipal property
Funds from municipal bonds
See also
List of municipal corporations in India
References
External links
Official Website
Municipal corporations in Jharkhand
Giridih |
is a Japanese storyboard artist and director. He credits the anime Megazone 23 as his inspiration to have a career in animation. In 2013, he created the animation studio Troyca with Toshiyuki Nagano and Tomonobu Kato, which began animation production on its first work in the fall of 2014. Aoki is the director behind Girls Bravo, The Garden of Sinners: Overlooking View, Ga-Rei: Zero, Wandering Son, Fate/Zero, Aldnoah.Zero, Re:Creators, and Id:Invaded.
Filmography
TV series
ONAs
Films
References
External links
1973 births
Anime directors
Japanese television directors
Living people
Mass media people from Tokyo |
The Llanelli Star is a Welsh regional newspaper covering the areas of Llanelli and Carmarthen in the county of Carmarthenshire, Wales. It is published on a weekly basis in a tabloid form. The newspaper is published by Trinity Mirror, the same company behind the South Wales Evening Post. In 2012, Local World acquired South West Wales Publications owner Northcliffe Media from Daily Mail and General Trust. Geoffrey Lloyd was the editor from 1965 to his death in 1986.
Office closure
In December 2017, it was announced that the Llanelli Star office in Cowell Street, Llanelli was to close down.
Editions
The Llanelli Star has a sister paper, the Carmarthen Journal. The Star was originally published on a Thursday, but both are now published on Wednesdays. The two papers have different formats and news content which varies by area.
The Llanelli Star covers the district of Llanelli and the Gwendraeth Valley where the Carmarthen Journal covers the town of Carmarthen and also the Gwendraeth Valley.
Sub-Editions
of the Llanelli Star
There are three editions of the Llanelli Star, the main Llanelli edition, the Burry Port edition and the Gwendraeth Valley edition which was re-launched in late 2011.
of the Carmarthen Journal
Town
Gwendraeth
Cardigan
Llandeilo
Lampeter
Whitland
References
External links
- Media Wales Website of the Llanelli Star
Newspapers published in Wales
Llanelli
Newspapers established in 1909
1909 establishments in Wales
Welsh-language newspapers |
```javascript
// See LICENSE in the project root for license information.
require('local-eslint-config/patch/eslint-bulk-suppressions');
``` |
The term runaway electrons (RE) is used to denote electrons that undergo free fall acceleration into the realm of relativistic particles. REs may be classified as thermal (lower energy) or relativistic. The study of runaway electrons is thought to be fundamental to our understanding of High-Energy Atmospheric Physics. They are also seen in tokamak fusion devices, where they can damage the reactors.
Lightning
Runaway electrons are the core element of the runaway breakdown based theory of lightning propagation. Since C.T.R. Wilson's work in 1925, research has been conducted to study the possibility of runaway electrons, cosmic ray based or otherwise, initiating the processes required to generate lightning.
Extraterrestrial Occurrence
Electron runaway based lightning may be occurring on the four jovian planets in addition to earth. Simulated studies predict runaway breakdown processes are likely to occur on these gaseous planets far more easily on earth, as the threshold for runaway breakdown to begin is far smaller.
High Energy Plasma
The runaway electron phenomenon has been observed in high energy plasmas. They can pose a threat to machines and experiments in which these plasmas exist, including ITER. Several studies exist examining the properties of runaway electrons in these environments (tokamak), searching to better suppress the detrimental effects of these unwanted runaway electrons. Recent measurements reveal higher-than-expected impurity ion diffusion in runaway electron plateaus, possibly due to turbulence. The choice between low and high atomic number (Z) gas injections for disruption mitigation techniques requires a better understanding of the impurity ion transport, as these ions may not completely mix at impact, affecting the prevention of runaway electron wall damage in large tokamak concepts, like ITER.
Computer and Numerical Simulations
This highly complex phenomenon has proved difficult to model with traditional systems, but has been modelled in part with the world's most powerful supercomputer.
In addition, aspects of electron runaway have been simulated using the popular particle physics modelling module Geant4.
Space Based Experiments
TARANIS (CNES)
ASIM (ESA)
References
Particle physics |
Banc y Mwldan is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in Ceredigion, west Wales.
References
See also
List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Ceredigion
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Ceredigion |
```xml
import * as Blockly from "blockly";
import { FieldTilemap } from "./field_tilemap";
import { FieldAnimationEditor } from "./field_animation";
import { FieldMusicEditor } from "./field_musiceditor";
import { FieldSpriteEditor } from "./field_sprite";
import { FieldTileset } from "./field_tileset";
export interface FieldCustom extends Blockly.Field {
isFieldCustom_: boolean;
saveOptions?(): pxt.Map<string | number | boolean>;
restoreOptions?(map: pxt.Map<string | number | boolean>): void;
}
export interface FieldCustomOptions {
blocksInfo: any;
colour?: string | number;
label?: string;
type?: string;
}
export interface FieldCustomDropdownOptions extends FieldCustomOptions {
data?: any;
}
export interface FieldCustomConstructor {
new(text: string, options: FieldCustomOptions, validator?: Function): FieldCustom;
}
// Parsed format of data stored in the .data attribute of blocks
export interface PXTBlockData {
commentRefs: string[];
fieldData: pxt.Map<string>;
}
export namespace svg {
export function hasClass(el: SVGElement, cls: string): boolean {
return pxt.BrowserUtils.containsClass(el, cls);
}
export function addClass(el: SVGElement, cls: string) {
pxt.BrowserUtils.addClass(el, cls);
}
export function removeClass(el: SVGElement, cls: string) {
pxt.BrowserUtils.removeClass(el, cls);
}
}
export function parseColour(colour: string | number): string {
const hue = Number(colour);
if (!isNaN(hue)) {
return Blockly.utils.colour.hueToHex(hue);
} else if (typeof colour === "string" && colour.match(/^#[0-9a-fA-F]{6}$/)) {
return colour as string;
} else {
return '#000';
}
}
/**
* Converts a bitmap into a square image suitable for display. In light mode the preview
* is drawn with no transparency (alpha is filled with background color)
*/
export function bitmapToImageURI(frame: pxt.sprite.Bitmap, sideLength: number, lightMode: boolean) {
const colors = pxt.appTarget.runtime.palette.slice(1);
const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.width = sideLength;
canvas.height = sideLength;
// Works well for all of our default sizes, does not work well if the size is not
// a multiple of 2 or is greater than 32 (i.e. from the decompiler)
const cellSize = Math.min(sideLength / frame.width, sideLength / frame.height);
// Center the image if it isn't square
const xOffset = Math.max(Math.floor((sideLength * (1 - (frame.width / frame.height))) / 2), 0);
const yOffset = Math.max(Math.floor((sideLength * (1 - (frame.height / frame.width))) / 2), 0);
let context: CanvasRenderingContext2D;
if (lightMode) {
context = canvas.getContext("2d", { alpha: false });
context.fillStyle = "#dedede";
context.fillRect(0, 0, sideLength, sideLength);
}
else {
context = canvas.getContext("2d");
}
for (let c = 0; c < frame.width; c++) {
for (let r = 0; r < frame.height; r++) {
const color = frame.get(c, r);
if (color) {
context.fillStyle = colors[color - 1];
context.fillRect(xOffset + c * cellSize, yOffset + r * cellSize, cellSize, cellSize);
}
else if (lightMode) {
context.fillStyle = "#dedede";
context.fillRect(xOffset + c * cellSize, yOffset + r * cellSize, cellSize, cellSize);
}
}
}
return canvas.toDataURL();
}
export function tilemapToImageURI(data: pxt.sprite.TilemapData, sideLength: number, lightMode: boolean) {
const colors = pxt.appTarget.runtime.palette.slice();
const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.width = sideLength;
canvas.height = sideLength;
// Works well for all of our default sizes, does not work well if the size is not
// a multiple of 2 or is greater than 32 (i.e. from the decompiler)
const cellSize = Math.min(sideLength / data.tilemap.width, sideLength / data.tilemap.height);
// Center the image if it isn't square
const xOffset = Math.max(Math.floor((sideLength * (1 - (data.tilemap.width / data.tilemap.height))) / 2), 0);
const yOffset = Math.max(Math.floor((sideLength * (1 - (data.tilemap.height / data.tilemap.width))) / 2), 0);
let context: CanvasRenderingContext2D;
if (lightMode) {
context = canvas.getContext("2d", { alpha: false });
context.fillStyle = "#dedede";
context.fillRect(0, 0, sideLength, sideLength);
}
else {
context = canvas.getContext("2d");
}
let tileColors: string[] = [];
for (let c = 0; c < data.tilemap.width; c++) {
for (let r = 0; r < data.tilemap.height; r++) {
const tile = data.tilemap.get(c, r);
if (tile) {
if (!tileColors[tile]) {
const tileInfo = data.tileset.tiles[tile];
tileColors[tile] = tileInfo ? pxt.sprite.computeAverageColor(pxt.sprite.Bitmap.fromData(tileInfo.bitmap), colors) : "#dedede";
}
context.fillStyle = tileColors[tile];
context.fillRect(xOffset + c * cellSize, yOffset + r * cellSize, cellSize, cellSize);
}
else if (lightMode) {
context.fillStyle = "#dedede";
context.fillRect(xOffset + c * cellSize, yOffset + r * cellSize, cellSize, cellSize);
}
}
}
return canvas.toDataURL();
}
export function songToDataURI(song: pxt.assets.music.Song, width: number, height: number, lightMode: boolean, maxMeasures?: number) {
const colors = pxt.appTarget.runtime.palette.slice();
const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.width = width;
canvas.height = height;
let context: CanvasRenderingContext2D;
if (lightMode) {
context = canvas.getContext("2d", { alpha: false });
context.fillStyle = "#dedede";
context.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
}
else {
context = canvas.getContext("2d");
}
const trackColors = [
5, // duck
11, // cat
5, // dog
4, // fish
2, // car
6, // computer
14, // burger
2, // cherry
5, // lemon
1, // explosion
]
maxMeasures = maxMeasures || song.measures;
const cellWidth = Math.max(Math.floor(width / (song.beatsPerMeasure * maxMeasures * 2)), 1);
const cellsShown = Math.floor(width / cellWidth);
const cellHeight = Math.max(Math.floor(height / 12), 1);
const notesShown = Math.floor(height / cellHeight);
for (const track of song.tracks) {
for (const noteEvent of track.notes) {
const col = Math.floor(noteEvent.startTick / (song.ticksPerBeat / 2));
if (col > cellsShown) break;
for (const note of noteEvent.notes) {
const row = 12 - (note.note % 12);
if (row > notesShown) continue;
context.fillStyle = colors[trackColors[track.id || song.tracks.indexOf(track)]];
context.fillRect(col * cellWidth, row * cellHeight, cellWidth, cellHeight);
}
}
}
return canvas.toDataURL();
}
function deleteTilesetTileIfExists(ws: Blockly.Workspace, tile: pxt.sprite.legacy.LegacyTileInfo) {
const existing = ws.getVariablesOfType(pxt.sprite.BLOCKLY_TILESET_TYPE);
for (const model of existing) {
if (parseInt(model.name.substr(0, model.name.indexOf(";"))) === tile.projectId) {
ws.deleteVariableById(model.getId());
break;
}
}
}
export interface FieldEditorReference<U extends Blockly.Field> {
block: Blockly.Block;
field: string;
ref: U;
parsed?: pxt.sprite.TilemapData;
}
export function getAllBlocksWithTilemaps(ws: Blockly.Workspace): FieldEditorReference<FieldTilemap>[] {
return getAllFields(ws, f => f instanceof FieldTilemap && !f.isGreyBlock);
}
export function getAllBlocksWithTilesets(ws: Blockly.Workspace): FieldEditorReference<FieldTileset>[] {
return getAllFields(ws, f => f instanceof FieldTileset);
}
export function needsTilemapUpgrade(ws: Blockly.Workspace) {
const allTiles = ws.getVariablesOfType(pxt.sprite.BLOCKLY_TILESET_TYPE).map(model => pxt.sprite.legacy.blocklyVariableToTile(model.name));
return !!allTiles.length;
}
export function upgradeTilemapsInWorkspace(ws: Blockly.Workspace, proj: pxt.TilemapProject) {
const allTiles = ws.getVariablesOfType(pxt.sprite.BLOCKLY_TILESET_TYPE).map(model => pxt.sprite.legacy.blocklyVariableToTile(model.name));
if (!allTiles.length) return;
try {
Blockly.Events.disable();
let customMapping: pxt.Tile[] = [];
for (const tile of allTiles) {
if (tile.qualifiedName) {
customMapping[tile.projectId] = proj.resolveTile(tile.qualifiedName);
}
else if (tile.data) {
customMapping[tile.projectId] = proj.createNewTile(tile.data, "myTiles.tile" + tile.projectId);
}
deleteTilesetTileIfExists(ws, tile);
}
const tilemaps = getAllBlocksWithTilemaps(ws);
for (const tilemap of tilemaps) {
const legacy = pxt.sprite.legacy.decodeTilemap(tilemap.ref.getInitText(), "typescript");
const mapping: pxt.Tile[] = [];
const newData = new pxt.sprite.TilemapData(
legacy.tilemap, {
tileWidth: legacy.tileset.tileWidth,
tiles: legacy.tileset.tiles.map((t, index) => {
if (t.projectId != null) {
return customMapping[t.projectId];
}
if (!mapping[index]) {
mapping[index] = proj.resolveTile(t.qualifiedName)
}
return mapping[index];
})
},
legacy.layers
);
tilemap.ref.setValue(pxt.sprite.encodeTilemap(newData, "typescript"));
}
const tilesets = getAllBlocksWithTilesets(ws);
for (const tileset of tilesets) {
// Force a re-render. getSize() will rerender if necessary
tileset.ref.doValueUpdate_(tileset.ref.getValue());
tileset.ref.getSize();
}
} finally {
Blockly.Events.enable();
}
}
export function getAllFields<U extends Blockly.Field>(ws: Blockly.Workspace, predicate: (field: Blockly.Field) => boolean): FieldEditorReference<U>[] {
const result: FieldEditorReference<U>[] = [];
const top = ws.getTopBlocks(false);
top.forEach(block => getAllFieldsRecursive(block));
return result;
function getAllFieldsRecursive(block: Blockly.Block) {
for (const input of block.inputList) {
for (const field of input.fieldRow) {
if (predicate(field)) {
result.push({ block, field: field.name, ref: (field as U) });
}
}
if (input.connection && input.connection.targetBlock()) {
getAllFieldsRecursive(input.connection.targetBlock());
}
}
if (block.nextConnection && block.nextConnection.targetBlock()) {
getAllFieldsRecursive(block.nextConnection.targetBlock());
}
}
}
export function getAllReferencedTiles(workspace: Blockly.Workspace, excludeBlockID?: string) {
let all: pxt.Map<pxt.Tile> = {};
const allMaps = getAllBlocksWithTilemaps(workspace);
const project = pxt.react.getTilemapProject();
for (const map of allMaps) {
if (map.block.id === excludeBlockID) continue;
for (const tile of map.ref.getTileset()?.tiles || []) {
all[tile.id] = project.lookupAsset(pxt.AssetType.Tile, tile.id);
}
}
const projectMaps = project.getAssets(pxt.AssetType.Tilemap);
for (const projectMap of projectMaps) {
for (const tile of projectMap.data.tileset.tiles) {
all[tile.id] = project.lookupAsset(pxt.AssetType.Tile, tile.id);
}
}
const allTiles = getAllBlocksWithTilesets(workspace);
for (const tilesetField of allTiles) {
const value = tilesetField.ref.getValue();
const match = /^\s*assets\s*\.\s*tile\s*`([^`]*)`\s*$/.exec(value);
if (match) {
const tile = project.lookupAssetByName(pxt.AssetType.Tile, match[1]);
if (tile && !all[tile.id]) {
all[tile.id] = tile;
}
}
else if (!all[value]) {
all[value] = project.resolveTile(value);
}
}
return Object.keys(all).map(key => all[key]).filter(t => !!t);
}
export function getTilesReferencedByTilesets(workspace: Blockly.Workspace) {
let all: pxt.Map<pxt.Tile> = {};
const project = pxt.react.getTilemapProject();
const allTiles = getAllBlocksWithTilesets(workspace);
for (const tilesetField of allTiles) {
const value = tilesetField.ref.getValue();
const match = /^\s*assets\s*\.\s*tile\s*`([^`]*)`\s*$/.exec(value);
if (match) {
const tile = project.lookupAssetByName(pxt.AssetType.Tile, match[1]);
if (tile && !all[tile.id]) {
all[tile.id] = tile;
}
}
else if (!all[value]) {
all[value] = project.resolveTile(value);
}
}
return Object.keys(all).map(key => all[key]).filter(t => !!t);
}
export function getTemporaryAssets(workspace: Blockly.Workspace, type: pxt.AssetType): pxt.Asset[] {
switch (type) {
case pxt.AssetType.Image:
return getAllFields(workspace, field => field instanceof FieldSpriteEditor && field.isTemporaryAsset())
.map(f => (f.ref as unknown as FieldSpriteEditor).getAsset());
case pxt.AssetType.Animation:
return getAllFields(workspace, field => field instanceof FieldAnimationEditor && field.isTemporaryAsset())
.map(f => (f.ref as unknown as FieldAnimationEditor).getAsset());
case pxt.AssetType.Song:
return getAllFields(workspace, field => field instanceof FieldMusicEditor && field.isTemporaryAsset())
.map(f => (f.ref as unknown as FieldMusicEditor).getAsset());
default: return [];
}
}
export const FIELD_EDITOR_OPEN_EVENT_TYPE = "field_editor_open";
export class FieldEditorOpenEvent extends Blockly.Events.UiBase {
override type = FIELD_EDITOR_OPEN_EVENT_TYPE;
blockId: string;
isOpen: boolean;
constructor(block: Blockly.Block, isOpen: boolean) {
super(block.workspace.id);
this.blockId = block.id;
this.isOpen = isOpen;
}
}
export function setMelodyEditorOpen(block: Blockly.Block, isOpen: boolean) {
Blockly.Events.fire(new FieldEditorOpenEvent(block, isOpen));
}
export function workspaceToScreenCoordinates(ws: Blockly.WorkspaceSvg, wsCoordinates: Blockly.utils.Coordinate) {
// The position in pixels relative to the origin of the
// main workspace.
const scaledWS = wsCoordinates.scale(ws.scale);
// The offset in pixels between the main workspace's origin and the upper
// left corner of the injection div.
const mainOffsetPixels = ws.getOriginOffsetInPixels();
// The client coordinates offset by the injection div's upper left corner.
const clientOffsetPixels = Blockly.utils.Coordinate.sum(
scaledWS, mainOffsetPixels);
const injectionDiv = ws.getInjectionDiv();
// Bounding rect coordinates are in client coordinates, meaning that they
// are in pixels relative to the upper left corner of the visible browser
// window. These coordinates change when you scroll the browser window.
const boundingRect = injectionDiv.getBoundingClientRect();
return new Blockly.utils.Coordinate(clientOffsetPixels.x + boundingRect.left,
clientOffsetPixels.y + boundingRect.top)
}
export function getBlockData(block: Blockly.Block): PXTBlockData {
if (!block.data) {
return {
commentRefs: [],
fieldData: {}
};
}
if (/^(?:\d+;?)+$/.test(block.data)) {
return {
commentRefs: block.data.split(";"),
fieldData: {}
}
}
return JSON.parse(block.data);
}
export function setBlockData(block: Blockly.Block, data: PXTBlockData) {
block.data = JSON.stringify(data);
}
export function setBlockDataForField(block: Blockly.Block, field: string, data: string) {
const blockData = getBlockData(block);
blockData.fieldData[field] = data;
setBlockData(block, blockData);
}
export function getBlockDataForField(block: Blockly.Block, field: string) {
return getBlockData(block).fieldData[field];
}
``` |
Bernard James "B. J." Swanson (November 21, 1948 - August 13, 1975) was an American racing driver. Swanson was killed in a Formula 5000 race in 1975.
Racing career
Aged 18 Swanson entered a Triumph TR4 to race in a regional SCCA club race. The organizers of the meeting, the South Bend Region SCCA, informed Swanson that the minimum age to compete was 21, not 18. Soon after Swanson joined a Michigan SCCA region to compete, registered as 21 years old.
The young driver from Bristol, Indiana, competed in Formula Ford. In the early 70's Swanson won races in the SCCA Central Division championship Formula Ford and also competed at the June Sprints. In 1974 Swanson entered his first, and only, SCCA National Championship Runoffs. The Indiana racing driver contested both the Formula Ford and Formula A class. In Formula Ford Swanson qualified his Zink Z10 in thirteenth place. He failed to finish the race. In Formula A Swanson contested a Lola T192 powered by a Chevrolet engine. The car was entered by Bay Racing Enterprises, a team set up in late 1973 by former drivers Bob Bay and Rick Vendl. The Lola was bought from Carl Haas. At the Runoffs Swanson ran fifth when he was hit from behind by Larry McNeil forcing both cars to retire.
For 1975 team owner Bay set Swanson up with engineer Jerry Eisert, an IndyCar veteran crew chief. The team replaced the aging T192 chassis with a newer T332 chassis. After a test at Rattlesnake Raceway, the team entered the first race of the 1975 SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship. At Pocono International Raceway Swanson qualified eleventh and finished the race in seventh place, behind Bobby Unser. Swanson was a frequent top ten qualifier and scored impressive results. He scored his first, and only, podium finish at Watkins Glen International. Qualifying fourth the Indiana native finished third in the race, behind Al Unser and race winner Brian Redman. After this success Dan Gurney signed Swanson to contest the 1976 Indy 500 with All American Racers.
The racing career of Swanson was cut short by a fatal accident at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course in 1975. During the weekend Swanson was very strong, qualifying seventh and placing fourth in the heat race. At the start of the race the throttle stuck open. Swanson made a heavy impact with the guardrail. As the lower guardrail broke, the upper guardrail hit the helmet of the racing driver. The race continued while Dan Gurney, head of the rescue crew, extricated Swanson from the car. In life-threatening condition Swanson was rushed to Mansfield General Hospital in nearby Mansfield, Ohio. Swanson succumbed to his wounds two days later on 13 August 1975. A memorial service was held at Saint Joseph's Catholic Church in Fort Wayne, Indiana.
The car was later restored, converted and competed in the 1978 Can-Am season.
Complete motorsports results
SCCA National Championship Runoffs
American Open-Wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position, races in italics indicate fastest race lap)
SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship
References
1948 births
1975 deaths
Sports deaths in Ohio
Racing drivers who died while racing
Racing drivers from Indiana
People from Bristol, Indiana
SCCA National Championship Runoffs participants
Formula Ford drivers |
```xml
import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { OrganizationId } from "@bitwarden/common/types/guid";
import {
collectProperty,
getUniqueItems,
sumValue,
} from "@bitwarden/web-vault/app/tools/reports/report-utils";
import {
MemberAccessCollectionModel,
MemberAccessGroupModel,
} from "../model/member-access-report.model";
import { MemberAccessExportItem } from "../view/member-access-export.view";
import { MemberAccessReportView } from "../view/member-access-report.view";
import { MemberAccessReportApiService } from "./member-access-report-api.service";
@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class MemberAccessReportService {
constructor(private reportApiService: MemberAccessReportApiService) {}
/**
* Transforms user data into a MemberAccessReportView.
*
* @param {UserData} userData - The user data to aggregate.
* @param {ReportCollection[]} collections - An array of collections, each with an ID and a total number of items.
* @returns {MemberAccessReportView} The aggregated report view.
*/
generateMemberAccessReportView(): MemberAccessReportView[] {
const memberAccessReportViewCollection: MemberAccessReportView[] = [];
const memberAccessData = this.reportApiService.getMemberAccessData();
memberAccessData.forEach((userData) => {
const name = userData.userName;
const email = userData.email;
const groupCollections = collectProperty<
MemberAccessGroupModel,
"collections",
MemberAccessCollectionModel
>(userData.groups, "collections");
const uniqueCollections = getUniqueItems(
[...groupCollections, ...userData.collections],
(item: MemberAccessCollectionModel) => item.id,
);
const collectionsCount = uniqueCollections.length;
const groupsCount = userData.groups.length;
const itemsCount = sumValue(
uniqueCollections,
(collection: MemberAccessCollectionModel) => collection.itemCount,
);
memberAccessReportViewCollection.push({
name: name,
email: email,
collectionsCount: collectionsCount,
groupsCount: groupsCount,
itemsCount: itemsCount,
});
});
return memberAccessReportViewCollection;
}
async generateUserReportExportItems(
organizationId: OrganizationId,
): Promise<MemberAccessExportItem[]> {
const memberAccessReports = this.reportApiService.getMemberAccessData();
const userReportItemPromises = memberAccessReports.flatMap(async (memberAccessReport) => {
const partialMemberReportItem: Partial<MemberAccessExportItem> = {
email: memberAccessReport.email,
name: memberAccessReport.userName,
twoStepLogin: memberAccessReport.twoFactorEnabled ? "On" : "Off",
accountRecovery: memberAccessReport.accountRecoveryEnabled ? "On" : "Off",
};
const groupCollectionPromises = memberAccessReport.groups.map(async (group) => {
const groupPartialReportItem = { ...partialMemberReportItem, group: group.name };
return await this.buildReportItemFromCollection(
group.collections,
groupPartialReportItem,
organizationId,
);
});
const noGroupPartialReportItem = { ...partialMemberReportItem, group: "(No group)" };
const noGroupCollectionPromises = await this.buildReportItemFromCollection(
memberAccessReport.collections,
noGroupPartialReportItem,
organizationId,
);
return Promise.all([...groupCollectionPromises, noGroupCollectionPromises]);
});
const nestedUserReportItems = (await Promise.all(userReportItemPromises)).flat();
return nestedUserReportItems.flat();
}
async buildReportItemFromCollection(
memberAccessCollections: MemberAccessCollectionModel[],
partialReportItem: Partial<MemberAccessExportItem>,
organizationId: string,
): Promise<MemberAccessExportItem[]> {
const reportItemPromises = memberAccessCollections.map(async (collection) => {
return {
...partialReportItem,
collection: await collection.name.decrypt(organizationId),
collectionPermission: "read only", //TODO update this value
totalItems: collection.itemCount.toString(),
};
});
return Promise.all(reportItemPromises);
}
}
``` |
Dorsey v. United States, 567 U.S. 260 (2012), is a Supreme Court of the United States decision in which the Court held that reduced mandatory minimum sentences for "crack cocaine" under the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 does apply to defendants who committed a crime before the Act went into effect but who were sentenced after that date. The Act's silence on how to apply its new rules, before the effective date or not, caused a split among the Justices on how to interpret its new lenient provisions. Specifically, the case centered on Edward Dorsey, a prior offender who had been convicted of possession before the new rules came into effect but was sentenced after the effective date.
Background
Fair Sentencing Act of 2010
Until the 2010 changes in sentencing guidelines, there existed a significant disparity in how the length of sentences for the possession of crack cocaine and powder cocaine. These changes resulted from reports by the federal Sentencing Commission that the crack-to-powder mandatory minimum ratio of 100-to-1 was too high and unjustified. Along with Congress' acceptance of these proposals in the 2010 Act, Congress also directed the federal Sentencing Commission to "promulgate the guidelines, policy statements, or amendments provided for in this Act as soon as practicable, and in any event not later than 90 days". However, the Act did not say whether it was meant to be retroactive in any respect.
Edward Dorsey
Edward Dorsey was convicted of unlawfully selling 5.5 grams of crack in 2008. As a prior offender under the pre-2010 sentencing rules, he would have been subject to a 10-year minimum; under the new law, he would have not been subject to any such minimum due to the small nature of his possession. The sentencing judge sentenced Dorsey to the 10-year minimum, applying the old rules because the conviction occurred prior to the effective date of the new law. This was upheld by the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
Due to a division among the appellate courts about when to apply the new sentencing guidelines, the Supreme Court granted review.
Opinion of the Court
Justice Stephen Breyer wrote the majority opinion for the Court, reversing the Seventh Circuit, holding that Dorsey should have been sentenced under the new 2010 guidelines. "[N]ot to apply the Fair Sentencing Act," Breyer wrote, "would do more than preserve a disproportionate status quo; it would make matters worse. It would create new anomalies, new sets of disproportionate sentences, not previously present." This reading of the law would be "at odds with Congress' basic efforts to achieve more uniform, more proportionate sentences." Breyer concluded by arguing that "We have no reason to believe Congress would have wanted to impose an unforeseeable, potentially complex application date."
Scalia's dissent
Justice Antonin Scalia, joined by Chief Justice John G. Roberts and Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito, dissented from the decision of the Court, arguing that the new more lenient minimums don't apply to pre-2010 offenders. Scalia saw the silence of the Act on retroactivity as a reason that the Court should not apply it themselves. "The canon of constitutional avoidance [has] no application here," Scalia argued, "[for] although many observers viewed the 100-to-1 crack-to-powder ratio under the prior law as having a racially disparate impact, only intentional discrimination may violate the equal protection component of the Fifth Amendment's Due Process Clause."
References
External links
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Federal Sentencing Guidelines case law
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
2012 in United States case law
United States controlled substances case law
Cocaine in the United States |
The New Zealand Oath of Allegiance is defined by the Oaths and Declarations Act 1957. All Oaths can be taken in either Māori or English form. It is possible to take an affirmation, which has the same legal effect as an Oath.
Oath
The Oath, in its present form, is:
In Māori, this is:
A modified version, with the added phrase "and I will obey the laws of New Zealand and fulfil my duties as a New Zealand citizen" is used as New Zealand's Oath of Citizenship.
Affirmation
An affirmation begins with "I, [name], solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm", and continues with the words of the oath prescribed by law, omitting any reference to God.
Other New Zealand Oaths
The chief justice administers the following oaths of office at the swearing-in of various government officials. For simplification, the oaths set out below take the form they would have if used today in English.
Governor-General's Oath
Executive Council Oath
House of Representatives Oath
The Constitution Act 1986 requires that, before being permitted to sit or vote in the House of Representatives, members of Parliament must take the Oath of Allegiance.
Parliamentary Under-Secretaries Oath
Judicial Oath
Armed forces Oath
Police Oath
Alteration and augmentation of oaths
In May 2004, the Minister of Justice, Phil Goff, announced a review of New Zealand's oaths and affirmations stating that "This review also offers a chance for people to express a view on whether our oaths accurately reflect the values and beliefs that are important to New Zealanders in the 21st century". The Ministry of Justice reported in a discussion paper on oaths and affirmations that many were either out of date (such as the teachers' oath or the Queen's Counsel oath) or used arcane language. The review suggested that New Zealand could follow the experience of Australia by removing references to the Queen from the oaths. The Monarchist League called the change "republicanism by stealth" and commented that "[a] declaration of allegiance to New Zealand, or to the Prime Minister, would be a poor substitute [for the Queen]".
In response, the Republican Movement argued that removing references to the Queen was not "republicanism by stealth" but simply reflected the contemporary values of New Zealanders.
The Republican Movement also submitted that "[t]he Australians have already updated their oath of citizenship so that there is no mention of the Queen, while maintaining the exact same constitutional monarchy as New Zealand".
To this day the oath remains, with relevant personnel (e.g. military) swearing allegiance to the King, either in a traditional oath or a non-religious affirmation.
Oaths Modernisation Bill
One year after the review was announced, Phil Goff released the new forms the oaths were to take. The references to the Queen were retained, and the Oaths Modernisation Bill was introduced in Parliament.
The Bill would have made the following changes:
It amends the parliamentary oath to include loyalty to New Zealand and respect for the democratic values of New Zealand and respect for the rights and freedoms of its people;
It amends the citizenship oath to include loyalty to New Zealand, and respect for the democratic values of New Zealand and respect for the rights and freedoms of its people;
It provides a Māori version of each oath. The Act provides that using a Māori equivalent of any of the oaths set out in that Act shall have full legal effect;
It amends the Act to prescribe a Māori language version of the words with which an affirmation must begin.
The Monarchist League was pleased with this outcome, stating, "While it may be questioned what 'loyalty to New Zealand', and 'respect for its democratic values' actually mean, it is heartening that no attempt was made to remove the oath of allegiance to the Queen." The Republican Movement stated that "[t]he best thing about the new oaths is that they can easily be changed when we become a republic".
After passing the first reading and going to the Government Administration Committee, the Bill had its second reading discharged on 1 June 2010, meaning it will not proceed.
Hone Harawira amendment
In 2007, then Māori Party MP Hone Harawira put up an amendment (in the form of a supplementary order paper) to the Oaths Modernisation Bill inserting references to the oaths and affirmations to "uphold the Treaty of Waitangi".
Harawira eventually split from the Māori Party and resigned from parliament to re-contest his seat as leader of the Mana Party. He won the subsequent by-election. On 14 July 2011, Harawira was removed from the chamber by the Speaker of the House, Lockwood Smith, for not pledging the oath of allegiance as required by law.
See also
Republicanism in New Zealand
Oath of Allegiance
Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom)
Oath of Allegiance (Australia)
Oath of Allegiance (Canada)
References
External links
Oaths and Declarations Act 1957
Oaths Modernisation Bill
New Zealand
Government of New Zealand
Monarchy in New Zealand |
Paola S. Timiras, born Paola Silvestri, (July 21, 1923, Rome – September 12, 2008, Berkeley, California) was an endocrinologist studying stress.
Background and education
Paola Silvestri was born on July 21, 1923, in Rome, Italy, just after Italy's takeover by Mussolini and his Fascist movement. Her father, a statistician and strong anti-Fascist, fled the following year to France, where his daughter visited often. Even as a girl, she dreamed of becoming a doctor, like her grandfather and uncle.
Silvestri obtained her medical degree from the University of Rome La Sapienza in 1947. She married Romanian diplomat Nicholas Timiras and then moved with him to Canada where she studied experimental medicine and surgery at the Université de Montréal, gaining her doctorate in 1952. During her postdoctoral work at the University of Montreal her supervisor was the endocrinologist Hans Selye. One of Timiras's colleagues was Roger Guillemin.
Timiras performed her doctoral research at the University of Montreal in the lab of Hans Selye, who had developed the first theories about the body's hormonal responses to stress. At his suggestion, Timiras applied for and won a research fellowship that allowed her to work in his lab. There, she studied how stress influences the immune system through the effects of adrenocortical hormones.
Teaching and research
Before she finished her degree, the University of Montreal hired her as an assistant professor. In 1954, she moved to Salt Lake City to pursue that line of inquiry in the pharmacology department at the University of Utah. In 1955, she joined the University of California, Berkeley physiology department as an assistant physiologist and was appointed to the faculty in 1958. She became a full professor in 1967.
At UC Berkeley, Timiras studied the effects of caloric restriction on various hypothalamic nuclei, specifically the effects on cell density, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) immunoreactivity and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor immunoreactivity.
In the 1960s, Timiras developed a course on the physiology of aging, one of the first such courses in the United States. In 2001, at age 78, Timiras became one of the founding members of the Center for Research and Education on Aging at the University of California, Berkeley, for which she served as the first chair.
Output and death
She contributed to or edited over 420 articles and 15 books before her death at the age of 85 of heart failure on September 12, 2008, after putting in a full day's work. Timiras had recently had heart valve replacement surgery. Nicholas Timiras, her husband of nearly 50 years, who had earned a Ph.D. degree in Italian from UC Berkeley in 1978 (at age 66), died in 1996. They had a daughter and a son.
Honors and awards
1970: President, Iota Sigma Pi, Association of Women Chemists
1974-1982: Vice-President and President, International Society of Psychoneuroendocrinology
1978-1982: President, International Society of Developmental Neuroscience
1984: Silver Award from the University of Chieti Medical School, Italy, for consultation on establishing courses on aging
1985: Gold Medal for Research Award, American Aging Association
1987: Andres Bello Decoration from Venezuela for contributing to international biomedical advancement
1990: Medal from University of Paris, XI, for promotion of joint Paris XI-UC Berkeley programs in biomedical sciences
1991: Medal from University of Pau (France), for fostering France-USA cultural relations
1996: Medal from University of Pisa (Italy), for fostering Italy-USA scientific/ biomedical relations
Paola S. Timiras Memorial Prize in Cell & Developmental Biology
The Department of Molecular and Cell Biology at UC Berkeley annually gives the Paola S. Timiras Memorial Prize to the top undergraduate in Cell & Developmental Biology.
Publications
Articles
According to the Web of Science her 5 most cited papers are:
Books
Physiological Basis of Aging And Geriatrics by Paola S. Timiras, August 2007 4th edition
Stress, Adaptation, Longevite by Paola S. Timiras, January 2004
Physiological Basis of Aging and Geriatrics, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), September 2002 3rd edition
Studies of Aging : Lab Manual, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), Hal Sternberg (Editor), September 1999
Genetic Aberrancies and Neurodegenerative Disorders, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), E. Edward Bittar (Editor), Mark P. Mattson (Editor), October 1998
Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology : The Aging Brain, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), E. Edward Bittar (Editor), Mark P. Mattson (Editor), James, W. Geddes (Editor), March 1998
Brain Plasticity : Development and Aging, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), Antonia Vernadakis (Editor), Guido Filogamo (Editor), Alain M. Privat (Editor), Fulvia Gremo (Editor), December 1997
Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology : Some Aspects of the Aging Process, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), E. Edward Bittar (Editor), October 1996
Hormones and Aging, by Paola S. Timiras, Antonia Vernadakis (Editor), Wilbur D. Quay, April 1995
Physiological Basis of Aging and Geriatrics, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), October 1994 2nd edition
Plasticity and Regeneration of the Nervous System, by Paola S. Timiras, Ezio Giacobini (Editor), Alain Privat, December 1991
Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology : Developmental Biology of Organs and Systems Part A Muscle, Blood, and Immunity, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), Esmail Meisami, January 1991
Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology : Endocrines, Sexual Development, Growth, Nutrition, and Metabolism/Part B Growth, Nutrition, and, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), Esmial Meisami, February 1990
Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology : Endocrines, Sexual Development, Growth, Nutrition, and Metabolism/Part A Endocrines and Sexual, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), Esmail Meisami, October 1989
Handbook of Human Growth and Developmental Biology, Part B : Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Development, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), Esmail Meisami, October 1988
Handbook of Human Growth and Development, Part A, Developmental Neurobiology, by Paola S. Timiras (Editor), Esmail Meisami, September 1988
Model Systems of Development and Aging of the Nervous System, by Paola S. Timiras, Jean M. Lauder, Antonia Vernadakis, Alain Privat, Gi, August 1987,
A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Developing Rat Brain, by Paola S. Timiras, Nancy Sherwood, January 1970
References
1923 births
American endocrinologists
Women endocrinologists
Italian emigrants to the United States
University of Utah faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Université de Montréal alumni
2008 deaths
Italian expatriates in Canada |
Nathaniel Wanley (1634 – 1680) was an English clergyman and writer, known for The Wonders of the Little World.
Life
He was born at Leicester in 1634, and baptised on 27 March. His father was a mercer. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. in 1653, M.A. in 1657. His first preferment was as rector of Beeby, Leicestershire. On the resignation of John Bryan, the nonconformist vicar of Trinity Church, Coventry, Wanley was instituted his successor on 28 October 1662.
Wanley kept in touch with the prevailing Puritanism of Coventry. With Bryan, who attended his services though ministering also to a nonconformist congregation, he was intimate, and on Bryan's death in 1676 he preached his funeral sermon of warm appreciation. It was published posthumously, with the title ‘Peace and Rest for the Upright,’ 1681.
Wanley died in 1680; he was succeeded by Samuel Barton on 22 December. Wanley gave or bequeathed to the grammar school library at Coventry a copy of the Imitatio Christi, described as ‘Ecclesiastical Music, written on Parchment, about the time of King Edward IV.’
Works
His first publication, ‘Vox Dei, or the Great Duty of Self-reflection upon a Man's own Wayes,’ 1658, was dedicated to Dorothy Spencer, Countess of Sunderland. He published ‘War and Peace Reconciled … two books,’ 1670 and 1672, a translation from the Latin of Justus Lipsius.
Wanley's major work is ‘The Wonders of the Little World; or a General History of Man. In Six Books,’ 1678, dedicated (17 June 1677) to Sir Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet. The work, which is meant to illustrate anecdotically the prodigies of human nature, shows wide reading but is credulous; authorities are fully given and referenced. Later editions include that of 1774, with revision, and index; and 1806–7, 2 vols., with additions by William Johnston who worked with John Aikin on the General Biography.
Wanley also compiled a history of the Fielding family, which is printed in John Nichols's Leicestershire.
Family
He was married on 24 July 1655; by his wife Ellen (b. 30 April 1633, d. 28 June 1719), daughter of Humphrey Burton, coroner and town clerk of Coventry, he had five children, among them Humfrey Wanley.
References
Notes
Further reading
L. C. Martin (editor) (1928), The Poems of Nathaniel Wanley
Attribution
1634 births
1680 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
17th-century English Anglican priests
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers |
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