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Billy Simmons (also known as Billy Simons) was an African-American Jew from Charleston, South Carolina, one of the few documented Black Jews living in the antebellum South. Simmons was a scholar in both Hebrew and Arabic.
Life
Simmons was born in Madagascar. Simmons claimed to be a descendant of a Rechabite tribe, a claim that was supported by two cantors and other Jewish authorities. Purchased by white Jewish slave owners, Simmons was taken into captivity and brought to South Carolina. He was owned as a slave by a newspaper editor in Charleston and his job was to deliver newspapers.
Despite anti-Black restrictions in the constitution of Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim that banned Black converts from membership, Simmons was among the few African-American Jews known to have attended the synagogue during the antebellum period. Simmons attended the synagogue during the 1850s and was known to members as Uncle Billy. Simmons was known to attend Shabbat services wearing a black top hat, black suit, and frilly shirt.
See also
History of the Jews in Charleston, South Carolina
History of the Jews in Madagascar
References
1780 births
1860 deaths
18th-century American slaves
19th-century American slaves
Malagasy emigrants to the United States
African-American Jews
American people of Malagasy descent
American slaves literate in Arabic
Arabic-speaking people
Hebrew-speaking people
Jewish scholars
Jews and Judaism in Madagascar
People from Charleston, South Carolina
18th-century American Jews
19th-century American Jews
Jews and Judaism in Charleston, South Carolina |
Kofan is a rural commune in the Cercle of Sikasso in the Sikasso Region of southern Mali. The commune covers an area of 283 square kilometers and includes a small town and 7 villages. In the 2009 census it had a population of 10,236. The administrative center of the commune, the chef-lieu, is the small town of Kafana. The town is 68 km northwest of Sikasso.
References
External links
.
Communes of Sikasso Region |
Mohammad Taha (; 1937 – November 2014) was a Palestinian militant who was a co-founding member of the military group Hamas, who was arrested by the IDF in 2003. On May 5, 2004, after being held 14 months without trial, Taha was released back to Gaza. His son, Ayman Taha, was a spokesman and former fighter for Hamas in the Gaza Strip. Taha died in November 2014, after being hospitalised with a heart complaint.
References
1937 births
2014 deaths
Hamas members
Palestinian militants |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Newton County, Texas.
This is intended to be a complete list of properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Newton County, Texas. There are six properties listed on the National Register in the county. Two are Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks including one that is also a State Antiquities Landmark.
Current listings
The locations of National Register properties may be seen in a mapping service provided.
|}
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Newton County
References
External links
Newton County, Texas
Newton County
Buildings and structures in Newton County, Texas |
Vincent Ng Cheng Hye (born 6 December 1975) is a Singaporean actor, martial artist and businessman. He was a full-time Mediacorp actor from 1997 to 2007, and is best known for acting in Chinese-language television series produced by MediaCorp Channel 8.
Early life
Ng has two sisters.
Career
Acting
Ng joined MediaCorp after reaching the finals of Star Search Singapore in 1997. His first foray into English-language television was in the 2002 Channel 5 series Heartlanders in which he played one of the lead characters. As he was one of few artistes with any formal training in martial arts, he was frequently cast in period and wuxia television series or as characters requiring fight scenes. He left the entertainment industry in November 2007 to concentrate on running Wufang.
Martial arts
After obtaining an engineering certificate from the Institute of Technical Education (ITE), Ng competed and won the 1995 World Wushu Championships (USA). He continued to juggle martial arts with acting commitments even after signing with MediaCorp full-time. In 2004, he founded Wufang Singapore, a martial arts school. He choreographed and performed the 2006 National Day Parade martial arts display. He published and released his first exercise and fitness book, TEN.
In 2011, Ng was nominated for the Spirit of Enterprise Award in recognition for his work in wushu training.
As of 2019, he is a member of the International Wushu Federation Technical Committee.
Personal life
Ng married Mei Ling on 14 July 2017, after having been introduced by mutual friends in January 2017. Their son, Zander, was born on 30 August 2018.
Filmography
Television series
Film
Awards and nominations
See also
List of Singapore world champions in sports
References
1975 births
Living people
Singaporean male television actors
Singaporean male martial artists
Wushu practitioners at the 1994 Asian Games
Wushu practitioners at the 1998 Asian Games
20th-century Singaporean male actors
21st-century Singaporean male actors
Singaporean male film actors
21st-century Singaporean businesspeople |
The Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust runs the Royal United Hospital (RUH), a major acute-care hospital in Bath, England. The trust also runs the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases (since 2015) and Sulis Hospital at Peasedown St John (since 2021).
History
In 2011, the RUH applied to become authorised as an NHS foundation trust from late Spring 2012, however this was postponed after issues were raised by the Care Quality Commission about aspects of patient care. The process was restarted in 2014. It was authorised as a Foundation Trust in October 2014.
The trust's chief executive is Cara Charles-Barks, who took over in September 2020 on the retirement of James Scott.
RUH redevelopment
In 2008, plans were revealed for a £100million redevelopment of the pre-World War II RUH North buildings, which would include an increase in single-occupancy rooms in line with Government targets. The first stage of this work was originally planned to start in 2012. In 2014, a five-year development plan, incorporating a new cancer centre, was confirmed.
Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases
The trust which ran the specialist Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases was taken over by the RUH Trust in 2015. In 2019 the hospital moved from its historic building in central Bath to a new building adjacent to the main RUH building at Combe Park.
Sulis Hospital
In 2021 the trust bought the private hospital, Circle Bath, from Circle Health. This gives the trust a separate cold elective site and will be used to increase diagnostic capacity. 30% of the capacity will still be used for private work.
It is called Sulis Hospital and is at Peasedown St John, about south of the Combe Park site. It is used for high-volume and low-complexity work and more than 1,100 two-year NHS waiters were treated at Sulis in 2021/2. Private activity increased from 33% in 2019-20 to 40% in 2021-22.
Performance
By 2010, the rates of hospital acquired MRSA and Clostridium difficile infection were below the national average. In 2010, Dr Foster Hospital Guide reported that RUH mortality rates give no cause for concern.
In 2010, Which? judged that the RUH had the best hospital car parking regime in England.
It was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015. At that time it had 3,852 full time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 3.85%. It was recommend it as a place for treatment by 75% of staff and as a place to work by 68%.
The Consultant Connect service, established at the trust in July 2015, allows GPs to speak directly with a consultant to get specialist advice in real time. It is now widely used across the NHS and has meant that at least 18,500 patients have been spared an outpatient hospital visit.
Maternity services
Maternity services at the RUH were operated under contract, and had not been run by the Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust since its foundation in 1992 until 1 June 2014, after the contract had been retendered for three years by the NHS Wiltshire Clinical Commissioning Group. The Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust had run the service immediately prior to 2014.
Criticism
The trust ran a deficit most years from 1992 to 2009, with very large deficits from 2002 to 2006,
creating an historic debt of £38M by 2008.
It also received a critical Commission for Health Improvement report and zero-star rating in 2002 after a determination of "deliberate manipulation" of waiting lists.
Following this the trust terminated the Chief Executive's contract, but in a subsequent employment tribunal case the former Chief Executive was awarded £218,439 for unfair dismissal with the tribunal rejecting allegations of neglect over misreporting waiting list numbers. Progress has been made since 2006 on a plan to repay historic debt by 2013.
In February 2008, Conservative peer Lord Mancroft made a scathing attack on nursing staff at the hospital, claiming that many nurses who looked after him were "promiscuous, lazy and grubby".
See also
Healthcare in Somerset
List of NHS trusts
References
External links
NHS hospital trusts
Organisations based in Bath, Somerset
NHS foundation trusts
Health in Somerset |
The state of Ketu is located in present-day Republic of Benin.
In the Yoruba language, the word oba means king or ruler. It is also common for the rulers of the various Yoruba domains to have their own special titles. In Ketu the Oba is referred to as the Aleketu of Ketu
References
http://www.rulers.org/benitrad.html
http://www.citrus-moon.com
See also
Benin
Yoruba states
List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa
List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha
List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo
List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe
Lists of office-holders
Yoruba history
Benin history-related lists
Government of Benin
Lists of rulers in Africa |
The Contagem Biological Reserve ( is a biological reserve in the Federal District, Brazil.
It protects an area of the Cerrado biome, and provides an ecological corridor linking the Brasília National Park and the Maranhão River basin. The reserve is threatened by human intrusions from the built-up areas within it and surrounding it.
Location
The Contagem Biological Reserve covers in the cerrado biome.
It is in the administrative region of Sobradinho in the north of the Federal District, bounded to the south by the DF-001 highway and the Brasília National Park.
The reserve contains the escarpment and top of the Chapada da Contagem, with altitudes from .
The escarpment is steep while the top is relatively flat.
It is between the basin of the Maranhão River in the Tocantins River basin, and that of the São Bartolomeu River in the Paraná River basin.
The reserve includes two water intakes in the Contagem River and Paranoazinho stream that supply the city of Sobradinho.
History
In three places artifacts have been found that are 8,000 years old.
The Royal Road of Bahia crossed the reserve in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The first report of transit through the region is of a drover in 1734.
The Contagem de São João das Três Barras was established by the Portuguese crown in the site in 1736.
The exact location has been forgotten but the name contegem ("count" or "score") remains.
The old tax office "counted" slaves and goods.
It taxed the flow of mining products from Tocantins and Goiás en route to Minas Gerais.
The reserve is penetrated by human settlements that were established without official planning before the importance of the area was recognized.
The Basevi village in the centre of the reserve grew up around an old gravel quarry used for the construction of Brasília.
Today it has more than 4,000 people with a high birth rate, two asphalt plants, schools, but no sewage.
The prosperous Grande Colorado walled community stretches into the reserve from the east.
There are other communities around the reserve and four irregular farms.
Environment
Average annual rainfall is
Temperatures range from and average .
Vegetation includes cerrado strict sense, dense cerrado and campo sujo.
The reserve includes areas of great scenic beauty, such as the Sobradinho waterfall and the Chapada da Contagem.
The reserve provides an ecological corridor between the Brasília National Park and the Maranhão basin.
Various animals use the reserve as a corridor for dispersion from the Brasília National Park, such as the yellow-faced parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops).
The reserve is known for the presence of Vanderhaege's toad-headed turtle (Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei) and the frog Bokermannohyla pseudopseudis.
Protected species include giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus).
Conservation
The Contagem Biological Reserve was created on 13 December 2002.
It is classed as IUCN protected area category Ia (strict nature reserve), which has the purpose of fully preserving biota and other natural attributes without direct human interference.
Specifically it was created to preserve the cerrado fragments and water resources in the unit.
The reserve is administered by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation.
As of 2009 there were only three staff assigned to the reserve, based in the national park, with no headquarters or monitoring stations.
54% of the lands is clearly public property, but the remaining land is private or under litigation and has not been regularized.
Illegal trails run into the reserve from several neighbourhoods, mainly from Sobradinho and Basevi village.
Part of the attraction of the reserve is that it provides green space that was not included in the built up areas around it.
People enter the reserve for fishing, barbecues and leisure, race motor bikes on dirt trails, kill animals and discard oil and shampoo.
Transients live and make fires in the reserve.
Sewage and garbage is illegally dumped in the reserve, and livestock sometimes intrudes.
Notes
Sources
2002 establishments in Brazil
Biological reserves of Brazil
Protected areas of the Federal District (Brazil)
Protected areas established in 2002 |
The tiger grouper (Mycteroperca tigris) is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the warmer waters of the western Atlantic Ocean.
Description
The tiger grouper has a body which is elongate, robust and compressed, its depth being the no greater at the origin of the dorsal fin as it is at the origin of the anal fin, and a large mouth. The standard length is 3.1 to 3.6 times the depth of the body. The preopercle is rounded and does not have a lobe at its angle. The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 15-17 soft rays while the anal fin contains 3 spines and 11 soft rays. The membranes between the dorsal fin spines are obviously notched. The caudal fin is a straight in juveniles and slightly concave in adults. The upper body is dark and there are 9 to 11 thin, pale oblique lines. It is capable of dramatic changes in colour, as well as lightening or darkening its colour. It can even sometimes be bright red in colour, particularly when being attended to by cleaner fish. The juveniles are yellow with a dusky line along the flanks. This species attains a total length of , although they are commonly around , and a maximum published weight of .
Distribution
The tiger grouper is found in the western Atlantic Ocean from southeastern Florida, Bermuda and the Bahamas, as well as the Flower Garden Banks in the north, southwards through the Caribbean Sea to the Maroni River in French Guiana. A disjunct population occurs in Brazil where they are found from Ceara State to Rio de Janeiro State.
Habitat and biology
The tiger grouper is a solitary species which is found on coral reefs and in rocky areas. It is an ambush predator of smaller fishes. It hides among coral and sponges and is attempts to remain concealed, even when approached. It attaneds the cleaning stations of cleaner fish. The population around Bermuda has a size distribution and sex ratio which suggest that tiger groupers are protogynous hermaphrodites, all of the fish with a total length less than were female and all of the fish with a total length greater than were male. They are found at depths of . It is known to form spawning aggregations in the northern part of its range but these have not been recorded off Brazil.
Taxonomy
The tiger grouper was first formally described as Serranus tigris in 1833 by the French zoologist Achille Valenciennes (1794-1865) with the type locality given as San Domingo.
Utilisation
The tiger grouper is targeted by fisheries throughout its range. It is caught using handlines and by spear fishing.
References
External links
tiger grouper
Fauna of the Southeastern United States
Fish of the Western Atlantic
tiger grouper
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Achille Valenciennes |
Aurelio Valcárcel Carroll is a television producer and director known for his association with the Telemundo television network. His credits include Tierra de Pasiones, La Viuda de Blanco, Prisionera and Dame Chocolate. He is sometimes billed as Aurelio Valcárcel. He recently works on Corazón Valiente and El Rostro de la Venganza for Telemundo.
Credits
Post-production director - Telemundo-RTI Producciones
La Reina del Sur (telenovela) (2010/2011)
Executive Producer - Telemundo
Amantes del desierto (2001)
Luzbel esta de visita (2001/2002)
La Venganza (2002/2003)
Amor Descarado (2003/2004)
Prisionera (2004)
¡Anita, no te rajes! (2004/2005)
El Cuerpo del Deseo (2005/2006)
Tierra de Pasiones (2006)
La Viuda de Blanco (2006/2007)
Dame Chocolate (2007)
Pecados Ajenos (2007/2008)
El Rostro de Analía (2008/2009)
Más Sabe el Diablo (2009/2010)
(2010)
Perro Amor (2010)
El Fantasma de Elena (2010/2011)
Alguien Te Mira (2010) (2010/2011)
Aurora (TV Series) (2010/2011)
La Casa de al Lado (2011)
Mi Corazón Insiste (2011)
Una Maid en Manhattan (2011/2012)
Relaciones Peligrosas (2012)
Corazon Valiente (2012/2013)
El Rostro de la Venganza (2012/2013)
Dama y Obrero (2013 telenovela) (2013)
Marido En Alquiler (2013/2014)
Reina de Corazones (2014)
External links
American television producers
Living people
Colombian emigrants to the United States
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```python
from django import forms
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from core.models import DataFile, DataSource
from utilities.forms.fields import DynamicModelChoiceField
__all__ = (
'SyncedDataMixin',
)
class SyncedDataMixin(forms.Form):
data_source = DynamicModelChoiceField(
queryset=DataSource.objects.all(),
required=False,
label=_('Data source')
)
data_file = DynamicModelChoiceField(
queryset=DataFile.objects.all(),
required=False,
label=_('File'),
query_params={
'source_id': '$data_source',
}
)
``` |
The Australian Literature Society Gold Medal (ALS Gold Medal) is awarded annually by the Association for the Study of Australian Literature for "an outstanding literary work in the preceding calendar year." From 1928 to 1974 it was awarded by the Australian Literature Society, then from 1983 by the Association for the Study of Australian Literature, when the two organisations were merged.
Award winners
2020s
2023: Debra Dank – We Come With This Place
2022: Andy Jackson – Human Looking
2021: Nardi Simpson – Song of the Crocodile
2020: Charmaine Papertalk Green — Nganajungu Yagu
2010s
2019: Pam Brown — click here for what we do
2018: Shastra Deo – The Agonist
2017: Zoe Morrison – Music and Freedom
2016: Brenda Niall – Mannix
2015: Jennifer Maiden – Drones and Phantoms
2014: Alexis Wright – The Swan Book
2013: Michelle de Kretser – Questions of Travel
2012: Gillian Mears – Foal's Bread
2011: Kim Scott – That Deadman Dance
2010: David Malouf – Ransom
2000s
2009: Christos Tsiolkas – The Slap
2008: Michelle de Kretser – The Lost Dog
2007: Alexis Wright – Carpentaria
2006: Gregory Day – The Patron Saint of Eels
2005: Gail Jones – Sixty Lights
2004: Laurie Duggan – Mangroves
2003: Kate Jennings – Moral Hazard
2002: Richard Flanagan – Gould's Book of Fish
2001: Rodney Hall – The Day We Had Hitler Home
2000: Drusilla Modjeska – Stravinsky's Lunch
1990s
1999: Murray Bail – Eucalyptus
1998: James Cowan – A Mapmaker's Dream
1997: Robert Dessaix – Night Letters
1996: Amanda Lohrey – Camille's Bread
1995: Helen Demidenko – The Hand That Signed the Paper
1994: Louis Nowra – Radiance and The Temple
1993: Elizabeth Riddell – Selected Poems
1992: Rodney Hall – The Second Bridegroom
1991: Elizabeth Jolley – Cabin Fever
1990: Peter Porter – Possible Worlds
1980s
1989: Frank Moorhouse – Forty-seventeen
1988: Brian Matthews – Louisa
1987: Alan Wearne – The Nightmarkets
1986: Thea Astley – Beachmasters
1985: David Ireland – Archimedes and the Seagle
1984: Les Murray – The People's Other World
1983: David Malouf – Child's Play; Fly Away Peter
1980–82: No Award
1970s
1975–79: No Award
1974: David Malouf – Neighbours in a Thicket
1973: Francis Webb
1972: Alex Buzo – Macquarie (play)
1971: Colin Badger
1970: Manning Clark
1960s
1966: A. D. Hope
1965: Patrick White – The Burnt Ones
1964: Geoffrey Blainey – The Rush that Never Ended
1963: John Morrison – Twenty-Three : Stories
1962: Vincent Buckley – Masters in Israel
1960: William Hart-Smith – Poems of Discovery
1950s
1959: Randolph Stow – To the Islands
1957: Martin Boyd – A Difficult Young Man
1955: Patrick White – The Tree of Man
1954: Mary Gilmore – Fourteen Men
1952: Tom Hungerford – The Ridge and the River : A Novel
1951: Rex Ingamells – The Great South Land : An Epic Poem
1950: Jon Cleary – Just Let Me Be
1940s
1949: Percival Serle – Dictionary of Australian Biography
1948: Herz Bergner – Between Sky and Sea
1942: Kylie Tennant – The Battlers
1941: Patrick White – Happy Valley
1940: William Baylebridge – This Vital Flesh
1930s
1939: Xavier Herbert – Capricornia
1938: R. D. FitzGerald – Moonlight Acre
1937: Seaforth Mackenzie – The Young Desire It
1936: Eleanor Dark – Return to Coolami
1935: Winifred Birkett – Earth's Quality
1934: Eleanor Dark – Prelude to Christopher
1933: G. B. Lancaster (Edith J. Lyttleton) – Pageant
1932: Leonard Mann – Flesh in Armour
1931: Frank Dalby Davison – Man-Shy
1930: Vance Palmer – The Passage
1920s
1929: Henry Handel Richardson – Ultima Thule
1928: Martin Mills (Martin Boyd) – The Montforts
Shortlisted works
2023
Debra Dank, We Come With This Place
Robbie Arnott, Limberlost
Fiona Kelly McGregor, Iris
Gavin Yuan Gao, At the Altar of Touch
Adam Ouston, Waypoints
Charmaine Papertalk Green and John Kinsella, ART
2022
Emily Bitto, Wild Abandon
Andy Jackson, Human Looking
John Kinsella, Pushing Back
S. J. Norman, Permafrost
Elfie Shiosaki, Homecoming
Maria Takolander, Trigger Warning
2021
Robbie Arnott, The Rain Heron
Luke Best, Cadaver Dog
Laura Jean McKay, The Animals in That Country
Ronnie Scott, The Adversary
Nardi Simpson, Song of the Crocodile
Ellen van Neerven, Throat
2020
Jordie Albiston, Element
Charmaine Papertalk Green, Nganajungu Yagu
Favel Parrett, There Was Still Love
Carrie Tiffany, Exploded View
Charlotte Wood, The Weekend
2019
Luke Beesley, Aqua Spinach
Laura Elizabeth Woollett, Beautiful Revolutionary
Pam Brown, click here for what we do
Charmaine Papertalk Green & John Kinsella, False Claims of Colonial Thieves
Jamie Marina Lau, Pink Mountain on Locust Island
Gail Jones, The Death of Noah Glass
2018
Peter Carey, A Long Way from Home
Shastra Deo, The Agonist
Eva Hornung, The Last Garden
Sofie Laguna, The Choke
Steven Lang, Hinterland
Gerald Murnane, Border Districts
2017
Steven Amsterdam, The Easy Way Out
Georgia Blain, Between a Wolf and a Dog
Peter Boyle, Ghostspeaking
Zoe Morrison, Music and Freedom
Heather Rose, The Museum of Modern Love
Rajith Savanadasa, Ruins
2016
James Bradley, Clade
Tegan Bennett Daylight, Six Bedrooms
Drusilla Modjeska, Second Half First
Brenda Niall, Mannix
2015
Joan London, The Golden Age
Jennifer Maiden, Drones and Phantoms
David Malouf, Earth Hour
Favel Parrett, When the Night Comes
Inga Simpson, Nest
2014
Eleanor Limprecht, What Was Left
Luke Carman, An Elegant Young Man
Hannah Kent, Burial Rites
Christos Tsiolkas, Barracuda
Alex Miller, Coal Creek
Alexis Wright, The Swan Book
2013
Jessie Cole, Darkness on the Edge of Town
Michelle de Kretser, Questions of Travel
Robert Drewe, Montebello
Christopher Koch, Lost Voices
P. A. O’Reilly, The Fine Colour of Rust
2012
Steven Amsterdam, What the Family Needed
Christopher Edwards, People of Earth
Diane Fahey, The Wing Collection: New & Selected poems
Gillian Mears, Foal's Bread
Favel Parrett, Past The Shallows
Anna Funder, All That I Am
Gail Jones, Five Bells
Alex Miller, Autumn Laing
Elliot Perlman, The Street Sweeper
Gig Ryan, Gig Ryan: New and Selected Poems
Jaya Savige, Surface to Air
2011
Peter Boyle, Apocrypha
Peter Goldsworthy, Gravel
Kim Scott, That Deadman Dance
Kirsten Tranter, The Legacy
Chris Womersley, Bereft
2010
Emily Ballou, The Darwin Poems
Steven Carroll, The Lost Life
Eva Hornung, Dog Boy
Cate Kennedy, The World Beneath
David Malouf, Ransom
2008
Michelle de Kretser, The Lost Dog
J. S. Harry, Not Finding Wittgenstein
Rhyll McMaster, Feather Man
David Malouf, Typewriter Music
Alex Miller, Landscape of Farewell
See also
Australian literature
References
External links
Association for the Study of Australian Literature (ASAL)
Australian fiction awards
Awards established in 1928
1928 establishments in Australia |
Kazakh wrestling was introduced by Kazakh people back in ancient times. The winner of Kazakh wrestling earns greater respect from the people. For example, Kazhymukan Munaitpasov was a well-known Kazakh wrestler who made it on the world sports' fame list for his achievements.
History:The earliest rock paintings of Kazakh wrestling can be traced back to 1200 to 600 BC. Kazakh wrestling was a central part of military training in an age in which battles were fought on chariots. A soldier had to possess excellent balance while standing on a chariot and fighting using spear and bow. Another point was that a soldier had to be skillful using both the right and left hand as an opponent could be on his right or left while driving a chariot. The purpose of wrestling seemed to be threefold.
1. to train the soldier in balance while handling the chariot.
2. the wrestling matches were closely related to religion and served ritualistic purposes.
3. to train the soldiers in close combat, allowing him to knock or throw his opponent off balance while at the same time maintaining his own. When people began to wear heavier armor wrestling became even more important as sword fights could quickly turn into grappling situations.
Techniques:Designed for close combat the techniques were aimed at knocking an opponent off balance from a standing position. This allowed a soldier to use fighting techniques in a real battle at close proximity, when he had a weapon in his hands.
The Techniques and methods used in Kazakh wrestling have strong similarities with the ones found in Judo and Mongolian wrestling. Victory is achieved when the opponent is thrown flat on the back. Points can also be achieved by throwing the opponent on the side or forcing him to a knee.
The goal of Kazakh wrestling is to throw the opponent on the floor while remaining standing or falling atop of him. As a result of this sacrifice throws and throws that cause the thrower to drop to one or two knees are not favored. The wrestlers are not allowed to touch the legs but can freely grab the jacket and the belt of the opponent.
Etiquete:Before the match the wrestler places the hand on his/her chest and bows. The wrestler then greets the opponent with a hug before stepping backwards after which the referee gives the signal for the match.
The first competition by Kazakh wrestling was held in village sports festival in 1938. After that the competitions are traditionally held in the cities of the republic. The first international tournament was held in 1952 among Asian participants. When Kazakhstan gained its independence, popularity of Kazakh wrestling extremely increased. Since 1991, the national championships and the leagues are being held every year.
Kazakhs organized International Kazakh Wrestling Federation (IKWF) in World Congress in Berlin in 2004. Serik Tukiev became the first federation president.
The first Asian Championship by Kazakh wrestling was held in Altaisky Krai, Russia in 2005. There was a big international tournament named after Kazakhstan's president in November, 2005. More than 100 athletes from 25 countries participated there. Among them were Germany, Turkey, the Netherlands, France and others. Mongolia held II Asian Championship in July, 2011. Kazakh wrestling championship was held in August 2011.
This game intensify the human body, strengthens muscles, teaches tolerance, bravery, agility, trains to think clearly and find a way out of problematic situations. It is also the national art of self-defense. Wrestlers gain the ability to use all the strength in their body. That means they're allowed to employ all the methods on the belt and above. The point is to throw the opponent with his back down.
The wrestlers are divided into 3 groups depending on their age and 8 categories depending on weight. Adults compete for 10 minutes and teenagers for 5 minutes. Kazakh wrestling is included in zonal, regional, republican sports festival programs, teams are honoured throughout the Kazakhstan territory.
References
http://confederation.kz/en/confederation/news/federatsiya-kazak-kuresi-rk-voshla-v-sostav-konfederatsii
https://web.archive.org/web/20160306001257/http://kazakhkures.kz/
https://rekvizitai.vz.lt/en/company/european_kazakh_kuresi_federation/
https://e-history.kz/en/publications/view/656
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/63912/Master%27s%20thesis%20RES%20Sjoerd%20Blankevoort.pdf?sequence=1
Wrestling in Kazakhstan |
Moseley and Kings Heath is a ward within the constituency of Hall Green, covering the greater part of the Moseley and Kings Heath areas of Birmingham, England.
Politics
The Moseley and Kings Heath Ward Committee is part of the official structure of Birmingham City Council and exists to discuss issues which affect life within the ward, mostly (although not exclusively) related to the activity of the council. The Committee comprises the two elected Ward Councillors for the area together with the Member of Parliament for the Hall Green, Moseley and King's Heath, Sparkbrook, and Springfield constituency, Roger Godsiff, of which the ward is part. However, meetings are well attended with all of those in attendance not only debating the issues of concern to them but voting on policy.
The Ward Committee works with The Moseley and Kings Heath Ward Advisory Board – a grouping of representatives from local groups and organisations – as a kind of executive for the full Ward Committee.
Moseley and Kings Heath Ward has adopted a Ward Support Officer with the current holder of the title being Muna Masood.
Demographics
The 2001 Population Census recorded that there were 24,273 people living in the ward. 31.0% (7,520) are of an ethnic minority compared with 29.6% for Birmingham in general. White Irish are excluded from these figures, however.
Transport
The Alcester Road (A435) passes through the ward and is major route linking the city centre with Redditch and the M40. The A445 and A4040 (Outer Ring Road) are also major roads in the area. Bus routes serving the area are the Number 1, Number 11, Number 35 and Number 50, operated by National Express West Midlands.
The Camp Hill railway line passes through the area however there are no railway stations on it. The area was served by Moseley railway station (opened 1867) and Kings Heath railway station (opened 1840), which were located on the line, however, these were both closed in 1941 along with the other stations on the line.
A reopening of the line has been considered by Birmingham City Council. A feasibility study has concluded that there is a strong economic case for reopening stations at Moseley, Kings Heath and in Hazelwell/ Stirchley. There was a recommendation against opening a railway station at Balsall Heath as it is close to the city centre, however, the report only looked at potential journeys from Balsall Heath going to the city centre and did not take into account people who want to travel to Balsall Heath from districts around the city.
Places of interest
The ward covers two conservation areas; Moseley Village and St Agnes. These two areas include many larger residential properties reflecting the affluence of the areas. Other areas in the ward are disadvantaged though.
There are several open spaces within the ward including Cannon Hill Park in Moseley, Kings Heath Park and the private Moseley Park. Within Cannon Hill Park is mac (Midlands Art Centre) which is a non-profits art centre. Other places of interest include Moseley Golf Course and the gardens of Highbury Hall.
Kings Heath and Moseley Village serve as shopping centres for the ward. Kings Heath Library serves the area and hosts a monthly local history group.
References
External links
Birmingham City Council: Moseley and Kings Heath Ward
Ward Description
The ward covers an area of {} Birmingham, including the districts of {}.
Ward Demographics (from the census of 2001)
Ward history
The ward was created in {}, with the boundaries being unaltered until {}.
Parliamentary Representation
The ward has been part of Birmingham {} constituency.
Politics
Election results
2000s
1990s
1980s
1970s
1960s
1950s
1940s
Former wards of Birmingham, West Midlands
Moseley |
The 3rd New Jersey Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the Union Army in the American Civil War. Composed of men from New Jersey, it served in the Army of the Potomac.
History
The 3rd New Jersey Infantry Regiment was recruited and mustered into Federal service in May 1861, and was brigaded with the 1st New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, the 2nd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry, and the 4th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry to make up what became famed as the "First New Jersey Brigade". Early on, the regiment participated in small actions such as the Bog Wallow Ambush in Northern Virginia. The regiment and brigade served as the 1st Brigade of the 1st Division of the VI Corps, and participated in numerous battles from the June 27, 1862, Battle of Gaines Mill, Virginia, to the final Union assaults on Confederate positions at Petersburg, Virginia, in April 1865.
The remnants of the 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry were mustered out at Hall's Hill, Virginia, on June 29, 1865.
Notable personnel
Colonel George W. Taylor-later a Brigadier General and commander of the brigade until mortally wounded during the August 1862 Second Bull Run Campaign.
Colonel Henry Brown - succeeded George Taylor as regiment commander, and later commanded the brigade.
1st Lieutenant Edward Burd Grubb, Jr. - brevetted Brigadier General at the end of the war.
Lieutenant Colonel Mark Wilkes Collet - later Colonel of the 1st New Jersey Volunteer Infantry.
Lieutenant Colonel James N. Duffy - aide to Major General George G. Meade, and post-war commissioner of the New Jersey Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, which was responsible for the creation and placement of New Jersey monuments at the Gettysburg National Military Park.
See also
List of New Jersey Civil War Units
References
Citations
Bibliography
Units and formations of the Union Army from New Jersey
1861 establishments in New Jersey |
The flora of the Faroe Islands consists of over 400 different plant species. Most of the lowland area is grassland and some is heather, mainly Calluna vulgaris. The Faroese nature is characterized by the lack of trees and resembles that of Connemara and Dingle in Ireland.
Among the numerous herbaceous flora that occur in the Faroe Islands is the marsh thistle, Cirsium palustre.
Forests
There are no native forests in the Faroe Islands, and only a few woody plants occur. Findings of Betula pubescens trunks and branches in the soil, dated to c. 2300 BC, and the abundance of Corylus pollen in deep layers, suggest that at least some local stands of birch and hazel trees were present in the Faroe Islands, prior to human settlement.
Four species of willow are still present in the Faroe Islands: Salix herbacea is very common in the mountains, but the other three species: Salix phylicifolia, Salix lanata and Salix arctica are only to be found in a few places, due to heavy grazing by animals. Only one evergreen, Juniperus communis (the prostrate form) grows naturally in the Faroe Islands, and small populations are spread throughout the islands, though for some reason juniper is very common on Svínoy Island.
Introduced species
The extreme oceanic climate, with winds whipping vast quantities of sea salt into the air, makes the islands very unfavourable to trees, though a few species from South America have been introduced since the 1970s. One outstanding for its beauty and for having resisted strong storms and cool summers is the monkey-puzzle tree from Argentina, Chile and Brazil. Trees from the Magellanic subpolar forest of Tierra del Fuego: Drimys winteri, Maytenus magellanica, Embothrium coccineum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus pumilio, and Nothofagus betuloides, have thrived too, in this cold oceanic climate. In 1979, 6000 small Nothofagus plants were transferred from Tierra del Fuego to the Faroe Islands, making it the biggest Nothofagus population in Europe. Species from the Alaskan coastline and islands have also adapted well in the Faroe Islands, especially Pinus contorta, Picea sitchensis, Salix alaxensis, Populus trichocarpa and Alnus sinuata. The biggest Alaskan pine tree (Pinus contorta) in Europe (in width, not in height), is to be found in the Selatrað plantation in the Faroe Islands.
Generally, introduced tree and plant species from the oceanic climates of coastal Alaska, New Zealand, Tierra del Fuego and Tasmania are adapted to Faroe, while introduced non native species from the more continental climates of Scandinavia and the rest of Northern Europe do not show that virtue because of intolerance to the wind and the lack of summer heat.
Lady's Mantle (Alchemilla mollis), first introduced as a garden plant, has become notoriously invasive and hard to get rid of. Though some few localities have met with success in combating it, it seems to spread further every year, eliciting fears that it might exterminate some of the local flora if drastic measures are not taken.
References
Further reading
Warming, E. ed. (1901-1908) Botany of the Faeroes - based upon Danish investigations, vol. I-III. Copenhagen and London.
Degelius, Gunnar. Notes on the Lichen Flora of the Faroe Islands. 1966.
Irvine, David E. G., Ian Tittley, W. F. Farnham, Peter W. G. Gray, and James H. Price. Seaweeds of the Faroes. London: British Museum (Natural History), 1982.
Lewinsky, Jette, and Jóhannes Jóhansen. The Vegetation and Bryophyte Flora of the Faroe Islands (Denmark) Excursion Guide. Berlin: XIV International Botanical Congress, 1987. |
Wadowice County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Wadowice, the birthplace of Pope John Paul II, which lies south-west of the regional capital Kraków. The county also contains the towns of Andrychów, lying west of Wadowice, and Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, east of Wadowice.
The county covers an area of . As of 2006 its total population is 154,304, out of which the population of Andrychów is 21,691, that of Wadowice is 19,149, that of Kalwaria Zebrzydowska is 4,503, and the rural population is 108,961.
Neighbouring counties
Wadowice County is bordered by Chrzanów County to the north, Kraków County and Myślenice County to the east, Sucha County to the south, Żywiec County to the south-west, Bielsko County to the west, and Oświęcim County to the north-west.
Administrative division
The county is subdivided into 10 gminas (three urban-rural and seven rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Wadowice |
Camembe Airport is a public use airport serving Camembe, Bengo Province, Angola.
See also
List of airports in Angola
Transport in Angola
References
External links
OpenStreetMap - Camembe
OurAirports - Camembe
Airports in Angola |
"Go Bang" is a song by Pnau, released in October 2017 as the second single from the band's fifth studio album, Changa (2017). The song features vocals from Kira Divine.
Digital remixes were released on 8 December 2017.
At the ARIA Music Awards of 2018, the song was nominated for five awards, winning Best Dance Release.
At the APRA Music Awards of 2019, the song was nominated for Dance Work of the Year and Most Played Australian Work.
Reception
Hayden Davis from Pile Rats said: "with the mixture of Divine's uplifting vocals with the addictive house charm of Pnau proving itself to be a winning combo once again. It's light and refreshing – perfect for chill, at-home listening – but the catchiness of Pnau's bass-driven beat also makes it an A+ club thumper which will no doubt dominate as we hit the warmer months much like "Chameleon" did last year."
Music video
The music was produced and directed by "Toby & Pete". They state "We wanted to take the viewer on a journey through the desert, meet the Fire Goddess KIRA and be hit with complete hyper-real psychedelia".
The video uses extensive CGI and special effects. As the video starts, the camera zooms onto a female figure. The figure is charcoal black with parts of her skin glowing like lips and orange glowing hair. She is standing in the middle of a field of presumably, extra-terrestrial plants. As the video goes on, the plants begin to pulsate their light in accordance with the beat. More of the female figures appear and dance to the rhythm of the song. As the video goes on, a panoramic shattered glass appears showing women posing with their eyes closed. The glass dissipates and the female figure's hand shows up center-screen. It also shows her sitting down in a meditative position. Later on, she is seen dancing in a pink floating temple, more female figures appear again. The temple begins to gyrate on its axis, and the floor the figure is dancing on breaks into squares for a brief moment. More female figures are seen dancing. As the video ends, a distorted but patterned picture appears and the song's title and artist show up.
Track listing
Digital download
"Go Bang" – 3:09
Digital download (remixes)
"Go Bang" – 3:09
"Go Bang" – 4:42
"Go Bang" – 6:02
"Go Bang" – 5:53
"Go Bang" – 4:22
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2017 songs
2017 singles
Pnau songs
Songs written by Nick Littlemore
Songs written by Peter Mayes
Songs written by Sam Littlemore
Songs written by Luke Steele (musician)
ARIA Award-winning songs |
Patrick Gordon Macdonald is Canadian Neo-Nazi graphic designer, who uses the pseudonym Dark Foreigner.
He produced the cover art for the 2018 edition of James Mason's Neo-Nazi publication of Siege.
Biography
Macdonald was born in . He works as a graphic designer and runs the Helios Design Studios. He designed the cover art for the 2018 edition of James Mason's "hyper-violent neo-Nazi insurgency manual" Siege.
Macdonald has used the pseudonym Dark Foreigner on the neo-nazi forum Iron March since 2017. Originally a libertarian, he wrote online about his views shifting towards the political right and becoming anti-islamic.
Macdonald was accused by Canadian authorities of producing and promoting three videos by the neo-nazi terrorist organization Atomwaffen Division, and was one of two people arrested by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for terrorism-related actives on 5 July 2023. The charges were: "participating in the activity of a terrorist group, facilitating terrorist activity and commission of an offence for a terrorist group (wilful promotion of hatred)." Macdonald is the first person in Canadian history to be arrested and charged under both anti-terrorism and hate speech legislation. He appeared in court on July 5 and 7, 2023 and was released on bail on August 30 the same year.
Macdonald lives with his parents in Ottawa. His home was raided by police in March 2022.
See also
Neo-Nazism in Canada
References
External links
Individuals associated with Atomwaffen Division charged with terrorism and hate propaganda (press release), Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 5 July 2023
Living people
1990 births
Canadian neo-Nazis
Canadian graphic artists
Artists from Ottawa |
Road 72 is a transit road connecting southwest Iran to central Iran. It passes Borujen, Mountainous areas of Zagros, Karun 3 dam, Izeh, Baghmalek and Ramhormoz then it goes into Road 86 and reaches Ahvaz. It is within Isfahan Province, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, and Khuzestan Province.
References
External links
Iran road map on Young Journalists Club
72
Transportation in Isfahan Province
Transportation in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Transportation in Khuzestan Province |
The is one of the most famous schools of Japanese painting. The Kanō school of painting was the dominant style of painting from the late 15th century until the Meiji period which began in 1868, by which time the school had divided into many different branches. The Kanō family itself produced a string of major artists over several generations, to which large numbers of unrelated artists trained in workshops of the school can be added. Some artists married into the family and changed their names, and others were adopted. According to the historian of Japanese art Robert Treat Paine, "another family which in direct blood line produced so many men of genius ... would be hard to find".
The school began by reflecting a renewed influence from Chinese painting, but developed a brightly coloured and firmly outlined style for large panels decorating the castles of the nobility which reflected distinctively Japanese traditions, while continuing to produce monochrome brush paintings in Chinese styles. It was supported by the shogunate, effectively representing an official style of art, which "in the 18th century almost monopolized the teaching of painting". It drew on the Chinese tradition of literati painting by scholar-bureaucrats, but the Kanō painters were firmly professional artists, very generously paid if successful, who received a formal workshop training in the family workshop, in a similar way to European painters of the Renaissance or Baroque. They worked mainly for the nobility, shōguns and emperors, covering a wide range of styles, subjects and formats. Initially innovative, and largely responsible for the new types of painting of the Azuchi–Momoyama period (1573–1614), from the 17th century the artists of the school became increasingly conservative and academic in their approach.
Early period
The school was founded by the very long-lived Kanō Masanobu (1434–1530), who was the son of Kagenobu, a samurai and amateur painter. Masanobu was a contemporary of Sesshū (1420–1506), a leader of the revival of Chinese influence, who had actually visited China in mid-career, in around 1467. Sesshū may have been a student of Shūbun, recorded from about 1414 (as an apprentice) and 1465, another key figure in the revival of Chinese idealist traditions in Japanese painting. Masanobu began his career in Shūbun's style, and works are recorded between 1463 and 1493. He was appointed court artist to the Muromachi government, and his works evidently included landscape ink wash paintings in a Chinese style, as well as figure paintings and birds and flowers. Few works certainly from his hand survive; they include a large screen with a crane in a snowy landscape in the Shinju-an, a sub-temple of Daitoku-ji. Masanobu's Chinese-style Zhou Maoshu Appreciating Lotuses in the Kyushu National Museum (illustrated left) is a National Treasure of Japan.
Masanobu trained his sons Kanō Motonobu (1476–1559) and the younger Yukinobu (or Utanosuke). Motonobu is usually credited with establishing the school's distinctive technique and style, or rather different styles, which brought a firmer line and stronger outlines to paintings using Chinese conventions. Less interest was taken in subtle effects of atmospheric recession that in the Chinese models, and elements in the composition tend to be placed at the front of the picture space, often achieving decorative effects in a distinctively Japanese way. Motonobu married the daughter of Tosa Mitsunobu, the head of the Tosa school, which continued the classic Japanese yamato-e style of largely narrative and religious subjects, and Kanō paintings subsequently also included more traditional Japanese subjects typical of that school.
Castle decoration
The school was instrumental in developing new forms of painting for decorating the new styles of castles of the new families of daimyōs (feudal lords) that emerged in the struggles of the Azuchi–Momoyama period of civil war that ended with the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1603. The new lords had risen to power by military skill, and mostly lacked immersion in the sophisticated traditions of Japanese culture long cultivated in Buddhist monasteries and the Imperial court. Bold and vigorous styles using bright colour on a gold ground (background in gold leaf or paint) appealed to the taste of these patrons, and were applied to large folding screens (byōbu) and sets of sliding doors (fusuma). In the grandest rooms most of the walls were painted, although interrupted by wooden beams, with some designs continuing regardless of these. Very many examples in castles have been lost to fires, whether accidental or caused in war, but others were painted for monasteries, or given to them from castles, which if they survived World War II bombing have had a better chance of survival.
Common subjects were landscapes, often as a background for animals and dragons, or birds, trees or flowers, or compositions with a few large figures, but crowded panoramic scenes from a high viewpoint were also painted. The animals and plants shown often had moral or perhaps political significance that is not always obvious today; the Chinese-style ink wash scroll by Kanō Eitoku of Chao Fu and his Ox, illustrated in the gallery below, illustrates a Chinese legend and contains a "Confucian moral [which] points to the dangers inherent in political position", a very topical message for Japan in the period following the disruptive civil wars caused by naked political ambition.
Some of the most famous examples of castle decoration can be found at the Nijō Castle in Kyoto. In 1588 the warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi is said to have assembled a walkway between 100 painted screens as the approach to a flower party. That, unlike scrolls, sliding doors were by convention not signed, and screens only rarely, considerably complicates the business of attributing works to painters who were able to paint in several styles. At the same time the school continued to paint monochrome ink-on-silk landscapes for hanging scrolls in the Chinese tradition, as well as other types of subjects such as portraits. The types of scrolls were both vertical for hanging, with a backing usually of thick woven silk, the traditional Chinese format which became the most common in Japan in this period (kakemono in Japanese), and in the long horizontal handscroll (emakimono) format as used for books. Many screens and doors were also painted in monochrome, especially for monasteries, and scrolls were also painted in full colour. Kanō ink painters composed very flat pictures but they balanced impeccably detailed realistic depictions of animals and other subjects in the foreground with abstract, often entirely blank, clouds and other background elements. The use of negative space to indicate distance, and to imply mist, clouds, sky or sea is drawn from traditional Chinese modes and is used beautifully by the Kanō artists. Bold brush strokes and thus bold images are obtained in what is often a very subtle and soft medium. These expertly painted monochrome ink paintings contrast with the almost gaudy but no less beautiful gold-on-paper forms these artists created for walls and screens.
Cypress screen by Eitoku
This eight panel screen attributed to Eitoku, around 1590, shows the vigour of the new Momoyama castle style, which he is probably mainly responsible for developing. It is a National Treasure of Japan in the Tokyo National Museum, and described by Paine as "typical for hurried sweep of composition, for pure nature design, and for strength of individual brush stroke. ... Golden cloud-like areas representing mist are placed arbitrarily in the background, and emphasize the decorative magnitude of what is otherwise the powerful drawing of giant tree forms".
The screen is unusually large and there are noticeable discontinuities in the composition at the breaks between (counting from the left) panels 2 and 3, 4 and 5, 6 and 7. These reflect the original format as a set of four sliding doors, which can be deduced from this and the covered-over recesses for the door-pulls. The discontinuities would be much less obvious when the screen was standing in a zig-zag pattern, as would normally have been the case. The screen uses the "floating-cloud" convention of much older Yamato-e Japanese art, where areas the artist chooses not to represent are hidden beneath solid colour (here gold) representing mist. Designs of this type, dominated by a single massive tree, became a common composition in the school, and this one can be compared to the similar screen of a plum tree by Sanretsu from a few decades later (illustrated below), which shows a more restrained version of the first bold Momoyama style.
Height of influence and decline
Kanō Eitoku (1543–1590), a grandson of Motonobu and probably his pupil, was the most important painter of this generation, and is believed to have been the first to use a gold-leaf background in large paintings. He appears to have been the main figure in developing the new castle style, but while his importance is fairly clear there are few if any certain attributions to him, especially to his hand alone; in the larger works attributed to him he probably worked together with one of more other artists of the school. Despite having two painter sons, at the suggestion (if not the order) of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Eitoku adopted Kanō Sanraku (1561–1635), who married his daughter and succeeded him as head of the school. Sanraku's works (two illustrated here) at their best combine the forceful quality of Momoyama work with the tranquil depiction of nature and more refined use of colour typical of the Edo period. When Sanraku had no son he married Kanō Sansetsu (1589–1651) to his daughter and adopted him. Sansetsu and his school remained in Kyoto when most Kanō artists moved to Edo (often after a summons from the shōgun), and he continued to adhere to the brightly coloured style of the Momoyama period. His son Einō painted in the same style, but is better known for a biographical history of Japanese painting, which gave the Kanō school pride of place.
The range of forms, styles and subjects that were established in the early 17th century continued to be developed and refined without major innovation for the next two centuries, and although the Kanō school was the most successful in Japan, the distinctions between the work of it and other schools tended to diminish, as all the schools worked in a range of styles and formats, making the attribution of unsigned works often unclear. The Kanō school split into different branches in Kyoto and the new capital of Edo, which had three for much of this period: the Kajibashi, Nakabashi and Kobikicho, named after their locations in Edo.
The last of the "three famous brushes" of the school, with Motonobu and Eitoku, was Kanō Tan'yū (originally named Morinobu, 1602–1674), who was recognised as an outstanding talent as a child, attending an audience with the shōgun at the age of 10, and receiving a good official appointment in 1617. He was Eitoku's grandson through his second son Kanō Takanobu (1572–1618), also a significant painter; Tan'yū's brother Yasunobu was adopted into the main line of the family. Tan'yū headed the Kajibashi branch of the school in Edo and painted in many castles and the Imperial palace, in a less bold but extremely elegant style, which however tended to become stiff and academic in the hands of less-talented imitators. The best Kanō artists continued to work mostly for the nobility, with increasingly stultified versions of the style and subject-matter already established, but other Kanō-trained artists worked for the new urban merchant class, and in due course moved into the new form of the ukiyo-e print. Hiroshige is among the ukiyo-e artists whose work shows influence from the Kanō school. Despite the loss of official patronage with the Meiji period, artists continued to work in the Kanō style until the early 20th century. Kanō Shōsen'in, who died in 1880, was a descendant of the main line of the family. One late follower of the school was Kanō Kazunobu (1816–1853), who adopted the name as a sign of his respect, and painted a series of large scrolls of the 500 Arhats which has recently received a revival of attention after being hidden away since World War II.
National Treasures
A number of paintings by the schools that are still in Japan are included in the official List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings). From the 15th century Azuchi–Momoyama period come the Chinese-style hanging scroll Zhou Maoshu Appreciating Lotuses by Kanō Masanobu (illustrated above), and a six-section screen by Kanō Hideyori of Maple Viewers, an early Kanō example of Yamato-e subject matter. From the Momoyama period there is a set of room decorations on walls, doors and screens by Kanō Eitoku and his father Shōei, in the Jukō-in (abbot's lodging) at the Daitoku-ji monastery in Kyoto; this includes the doors with Birds and flowers of the four seasons illustrated here. Also by Eitoku is the screen with a Cypress tree in the Tokyo National Museum, discussed and illustrated above, and a pair of six panel screens showing crowded panoramic views of Scenes in and around the capital in a museum in Yonezawa, Yamagata. By Kanō Naganobu there is a pair of screens (less two sections lost in an earthquake in 1923) showing relatively large figures Merry-making under aronia blossoms, also in the Tokyo National Museum. Other artists with works on the list, for example Hasegawa Tōhaku (16th century) and Maruyama Ōkyo (19th century), were trained by the school or otherwise influenced by it. Many other works by the school have received the lower designation of Important Cultural Properties of Japan.
Artists
The following list is an incomplete group of major figures of their day, mostly from the Kanō family itself; there were many other artists named Kanō who retained links with the various family workshops, and still more who trained in one of these before continuing their careers independently:
Kanō Masanobu (1434–1530): founder of the Kanō school
Kanō Motonobu (1476–1559): son of Masanobu
Kanō Soshu (1551–1601)
Kanō Eitoku (1543–1590)
Kanō Hideyori (d. 1557)
Kanō Dōmi (1568–1600)
Kanō Mitsunobu (d. 1608)
Kanō Sanraku (1559–1635)
Kanō Naizen (1570–1616)
Kanō Sansetsu (1589–1651): the leader of the school, an offshoot of the Kanō school, based in Kyoto
Kanō Tan'yū (1602–1674)
Kanō Naonobu (1607–1650)
Kanō Yasunobu (1643–1682)
Kanō Einō (1631–1697)
Kanō Tsunenobu (1636–1713)
Kiyohara Yukinobu (1643–1682), niece of Kanō Tan'yū
Kanō Tanshin (1653–1718)
Kanō Chikanobu *Kanō-ryu* (1660–1728)
Kanō Michinobu (1730–1790)
Kanō Shōsen'in (1823–1880)
Kanō Hōgai (1828–1888)
Hashimoto Gahō (1835–1908)
The Kanō family
The Kanō family of painters was founded by Kanō Masanobu (1434–1530). Through his father, Kanō Kagenobu, Masanobu is said to be a descendant of Kanō Muneshige, a samurai of the Kamakura period of the Kanō clan. Through this lineage, the Kanō family would descend from the Fujiwara clan through the Kudō clan.
The following list is of biological members of the Kanō family and its branches.
From Masanobu until Tan'yū
Kanō Masanobu (1434–1530)
Kanō Motonobu (1476–1559): son of Masanobu
Kanō Shōei (1519–1592): son of Motonobu
Kanō Munenobu: son of Motonobu
Kanō Hideyori: son of Motonobu
Kanō Eitoku (1543–1590): son of Shōei
Kanō Sōshū: son of Shōei
Kanō Naganobu (1577–1654): son of Shōei
Kanō Naizen (1570–1616): son of Shōei
Kanō Jinnojō: son of Sōshū
Kanō Mitsunobu (1565–1608): son of Eitoku
Kanō Takanobu (1571–1618): son of Eitoku
Kaihō Yūshō (1533–1615): son of Eitoku
Kanō Sanraku (1559–1635): son of Eitoku
Kanō Sadanobu (1597–1623): son of Mitsunobu
Kanō Kōkei: son of Mitsunobu
Kanō Tan'yū (1602–1674): son of Takanobu
Kanō Naonobu (1607–1650): son of Takanobu
Kanō Yasunobu (1614–1685): son of Takanobu
The Kobikicho House (Naonobu's side)
Kanō Naonobu (1607–1650)
The Nakabashi House (Hideyori's side)
Kanō Hideyori
Gallery
See also
Several Kanō school artworks are deemed National Treasures of Japan, further reading on these specific pieces can be found at List of National Treasures of Japan (paintings).
Notes
References
"Masters of Mercy", Smithsonian, Sackler Gallery. Online exhibition Masters of Mercy
Paine, Robert Treat, in: Paine, R. T. & Soper A, The Art and Architecture of Japan, Pelican History of Art, 3rd ed 1981, Penguin (now Yale History of Art),
Watson, William, The Great Japan Exhibition: Art of the Edo Period 1600–1868, 1981, Royal Academy of Arts/Weidenfeld & Nicolson
External links
Department of Asian Art. "The Kano School of Painting". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003
JANNUS / Kanouha
Momoyama, Japanese Art in the Age of Grandeur, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on the Kanō school
Bridge of dreams: the Mary Griggs Burke collection of Japanese art, a catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on this school (see index)
Schools of Japanese art |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.route.engine.condition.generator.impl;
import com.google.common.collect.Range;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.route.engine.condition.Column;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.route.engine.condition.value.ListShardingConditionValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.route.engine.condition.value.RangeShardingConditionValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sharding.route.engine.condition.value.ShardingConditionValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.dml.column.ColumnSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.dml.expr.BinaryOperationExpression;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.dml.expr.complex.CommonExpressionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.dml.expr.simple.LiteralExpressionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.segment.dml.expr.simple.ParameterMarkerExpressionSegment;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.sql.parser.statement.core.value.identifier.IdentifierValue;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.timeservice.core.rule.TimestampServiceRule;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Optional;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
class ConditionValueCompareOperatorGeneratorTest {
private final ConditionValueCompareOperatorGenerator generator = new ConditionValueCompareOperatorGenerator();
private final Column column = new Column("id", "tbl");
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValue() {
int value = 1;
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, value), "=", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
assertTrue(((ListShardingConditionValue<Integer>) shardingConditionValue.get()).getValues().contains(value));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.get().getParameterMarkerIndexes().isEmpty());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateNullConditionValue() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, null), "=", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
assertTrue(((ListShardingConditionValue<Integer>) shardingConditionValue.get()).getValues().contains(null));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.get().getParameterMarkerIndexes().isEmpty());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithLessThanOperator() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, 1), "<", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
assertTrue(Range.lessThan(1).encloses(((RangeShardingConditionValue<Integer>) shardingConditionValue.get()).getValueRange()));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.get().getParameterMarkerIndexes().isEmpty());
}
@Test
void assertGenerateNullConditionValueWithLessThanOperator() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, null), "<", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertFalse(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithGreaterThanOperator() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, 1), ">", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
assertTrue(Range.greaterThan(1).encloses(((RangeShardingConditionValue<Integer>) shardingConditionValue.get()).getValueRange()));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.get().getParameterMarkerIndexes().isEmpty());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithAtMostOperator() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, 1), "<=", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
assertTrue(Range.atMost(1).encloses(((RangeShardingConditionValue<Integer>) shardingConditionValue.get()).getValueRange()));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.get().getParameterMarkerIndexes().isEmpty());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithAtLeastOperator() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, 1), ">=", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
assertTrue(Range.atLeast(1).encloses(((RangeShardingConditionValue<Integer>) shardingConditionValue.get()).getValueRange()));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.get().getParameterMarkerIndexes().isEmpty());
}
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithErrorOperator() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, 1), "!=", null);
assertFalse(generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class)).isPresent());
}
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithoutNowExpression() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new CommonExpressionSegment(0, 0, "value"), "=", null);
assertFalse(generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class)).isPresent());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithNowExpression() {
BinaryOperationExpression rightValue = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, mock(ColumnSegment.class), new LiteralExpressionSegment(0, 0, "now()"), "=", null);
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> shardingConditionValue = generator.generate(rightValue, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.isPresent());
assertFalse(((ListShardingConditionValue<Integer>) shardingConditionValue.get()).getValues().isEmpty());
assertTrue(shardingConditionValue.get().getParameterMarkerIndexes().isEmpty());
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithParameter() {
ColumnSegment left = new ColumnSegment(0, 0, new IdentifierValue("id"));
ParameterMarkerExpressionSegment right = new ParameterMarkerExpressionSegment(0, 0, 0);
BinaryOperationExpression predicate = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, left, right, "=", "id = ?");
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> actual = generator.generate(predicate, column, Collections.singletonList(1), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertTrue(actual.isPresent());
assertThat(actual.get(), instanceOf(ListShardingConditionValue.class));
ListShardingConditionValue<Integer> conditionValue = (ListShardingConditionValue<Integer>) actual.get();
assertThat(conditionValue.getTableName(), is("tbl"));
assertThat(conditionValue.getColumnName(), is("id"));
assertThat(conditionValue.getValues(), is(Collections.singletonList(1)));
assertThat(conditionValue.getParameterMarkerIndexes(), is(Collections.singletonList(0)));
}
@Test
void assertGenerateConditionValueWithoutParameter() {
ColumnSegment left = new ColumnSegment(0, 0, new IdentifierValue("order_id"));
ParameterMarkerExpressionSegment right = new ParameterMarkerExpressionSegment(0, 0, 0);
BinaryOperationExpression predicate = new BinaryOperationExpression(0, 0, left, right, "=", "order_id = ?");
Optional<ShardingConditionValue> actual = generator.generate(predicate, column, new LinkedList<>(), mock(TimestampServiceRule.class));
assertFalse(actual.isPresent());
}
}
``` |
Subhash Thakur is an Indian member of the legislative assembly (MLA) from Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh. He defeated Bumber Thakur of Indian National Congress (INC) by 6862 votes.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Himachal Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Himachal Pradesh |
Baiba Skride (born 19 February 1981) is a Latvian classical violinist. She was the winner of the Queen Elisabeth Violin Contest in 2001.
Background and studies
Baiba Skride comes from a very musical Latvian family: her love of music comes from her grandmother who taught her and her two sisters to sing. Her father was a famous choral conductor, and her mother plays the piano. Her sister Lauma Skride, one year younger, also plays the piano, while her two-year-older sister Linda plays the viola. In Latvia, as a three-year-old she attended a music school. At the age of four, she was already playing the violin, and just before the age of five she gave her first concert.
Later, she attended a special school for musical talents in Riga. From 1995 she studied at the Conservatory of Music and Theatre in Rostock with Petru Munteanu. For a long time she commuted between the special school in Riga and the college in Rostock. She has taken masterclasses with Ruggiero Ricci and Lewis Kaplan.
Skride has performed around the world, including the London Philharmonic Orchestra, and New Zealand Symphony Orchestra
Instruments
Baiba Skride previously played the Stradivarius "Wilhelmj" violin (1725), which was on loan to her from the Nippon Music Foundation, and then the "Ex Baron Feilitzsch" Stradivarius violin (1734), which was loaned to her from Gidon Kremer. She now plays the Yfrah Neaman Stradivarius loaned to her by the Neaman family through the Beares International Violin Society. Her sisters are Lauma Skride, a pianist, and Linda Skride who plays viola.
Awards
1995: 1st prize at the International Violin Competition in Schöntal Monastery
1996: finalist at the 8th Eurovision Competition in Lisbon
1997: 1st prize at the International Violin Competition "Jeunesses Musicales" in Bucharest
1998: 2nd prize at the Paganini Competition
2001: 1st prize at the Queen Elisabeth Competition for violin
2003: Luitpold Prize (German: Luitpoldpreis) of the festival Kissinger Sommer
2005: Echo Klassik, Best Young Artist Award for their debut CDs
2006: Echo Klassik in the category "Concert Recording of the Year, Music of the 20th/21st Centuries" for the recording of violin concertos by Shostakovich and Janáček
Discography
Until 2008, Baiba Skride was under an exclusive contract with Sony. She took the place of Hilary Hahn, who had switched to Deutsche Grammophon. Since then she has collaborated with the music label Orfeo.
1998: "The Skride Sisters" – Works by Raimonds Pauls, Maurice Ravel, Johan Halvorsen, Eugène Ysaÿe, Johann Christian Bach, Emīls Dārziņš, Latvian Folk Song, Kurt Atterberg, Franz Liszt and Pablo de Sarasate with Linda Skride, Lauma Skride, Liga Skride and others (Higashikawa – Latvia Music Association)
2004: Works by Bach, Béla Bartók and Eugène Ysaÿe for violin solo (Sony Classical)
2004: Violin Concertos by Mozart, Michael Haydn and Franz Schubert with the Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach Chamber Orchestra under Hartmut Haenchen (Sony Classical)
2006: Violin Concertos by Shostakovich and Janáček with the Munich Philharmonic under Mikko Franck (Sony Classical)
2007: Works by Beethoven, Schubert and Ravel for violin and piano with Lauma Skride (Sony Classical)
2008: "Souvenir Russe" – Works by Tchaikovsky with the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra under Andris Nelsons (Sony Classical)
2011: Violin Concerto by Brahms with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra under Sakari Oramo; 21 Hungarian Dances by Brahms, arranged for violin and piano, with Lauma Skride (Orfeo)
2012: Violin Concertos by Stravinsky and Frank Martin, Pacific 231 and Rugby by Honegger, with the BBC National Orchestra of Wales under Thierry Fischer (Orfeo)
2013: Violin Concertos and Fantasy by Schumann with the Danish Radio Symphony Orchestra under John Storgårds (Orfeo)
2014: Szymanowski, Violin Concertos with the Oslo Philharmonic under Vassili Petrenko; Myths for violin and piano with Lauma Skride (Orfeo)
2015: Violin Concertos by Sibelius and Nielsen, two serenades by Sibelius, with the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra under Santtu-Matias Rouvali (Orfeo)
2016: Sonatas and Pieces for Violin and Piano by Grieg, Nielsen, Sibelius and Stenhammar, with Lauma Skride (Orfeo)
Personal life
As of 2010, she was living in Hamburg with her husband and 2-year-old son; by 2017, they had 2 children.
References
External links
Official website
Biography at Nippon Music Foundation
Interview with Baiba Skride
Baiba Skride discography at Naxos Records
Latvian classical violinists
Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Competition
Latvian expatriates in Germany
Rostock University of Music and Theatre alumni
Musicians from Riga
1981 births
Living people
Eurovision Young Musicians Finalists
20th-century classical violinists
21st-century classical violinists
Women classical violinists
20th-century women musicians
21st-century women musicians |
```objective-c
function two_d_grad_wrapper_hw()
% two_d_grad_wrapper.m is a toy wrapper to illustrate the path
% taken by gradient descent depending on the learning rate (alpha) chosen.
% Here alpha is kept fixed and chosen by the use. The corresponding
% gradient steps, evaluated at the objective, are then plotted. The plotted points on
% the objective turn from green to red as the algorithm converges (or
% reaches a maximum iteration count, preset to 50).
%
% (nonconvex) function here is
% g(w) = -cos(2*pi*w'*w) + w'*w
%
% This file is associated with the book
% "Machine Learning Refined", Cambridge University Press, 2016.
% by Jeremy Watt, Reza Borhani, and Aggelos Katsaggelos.
%%% runs everything %%%
run_all()
%%%%%%%%%%%% subfunctions %%%%%%%%%%%%
%%% performs gradient descent steps %%%%
function [w,in,out] = gradient_descent(alpha,w)
% initializations
grad_stop = 10^-5;
max_its = 50;
iter = 1;
grad = 1;
in = [w];
out = [-cos(2*pi*w'*w) + 2*w'*w];
% main loop
while norm(grad) > grad_stop && iter <= max_its
% take gradient step
% ----> grad =
w = w - alpha*grad;
% update containers
in = [in, w];
out = [out, -cos(2*pi*w'*w) + 2*w'*w];
% update stopers
iter = iter + 1;
end
end
function run_all()
% dials for the toy
alpha = 10^-2; % step length/learning rate (for gradient descent). Preset to alpha = 10^-3
for j = 1:2
x0 = [-.7;0]; % initial point (for gradient descent)
if j == 2
x0 = [.85;.85];
alpha = 3*10^-3;
end
%%% perform gradient descent %%%
[x,in,out] = gradient_descent(alpha,x0);
%%% plot function with grad descent objective evaluations %%%
hold on
plot_it_all(in,out)
end
end
%%% plots everything %%%
function plot_it_all(in,out)
% print function
[A,b] = make_fun();
% print steps on surface
plot_steps(in,out,3)
set(gcf,'color','w');
end
%%% plots everything %%%
function [A,b] = make_fun()
range = 1.15; % range over which to view surfaces
[a1,a2] = meshgrid(-range:0.04:range);
a1 = reshape(a1,numel(a1),1);
a2 = reshape(a2,numel(a2),1);
A = [a1, a2];
A = (A.*A)*ones(2,1);
b = -cos(2*pi*A) + 2*A;
r = sqrt(size(b,1));
a1 = reshape(a1,r,r);
a2 = reshape(a2,r,r);
b = reshape(b,r,r);
h = surf(a1,a2,b)
az = 35;
el = 60;
view(az, el);
shading interp
xlabel('w_1','Fontsize',18,'FontName','cmmi9')
ylabel('w_2','Fontsize',18,'FontName','cmmi9')
zlabel('g','Fontsize',18,'FontName','cmmi9')
set(get(gca,'ZLabel'),'Rotation',0)
set(gca,'FontSize',12);
box on
colormap gray
end
% plot descent steps on function surface
function plot_steps(in,out,dim)
s = (1/length(out):1/length(out):1)';
colorspec = [s.^(1),flipud(s) ,zeros(length(out),1)];
width = (1 + s)*5;
if dim == 2
for i = 1:length(out)
hold on
plot(in(1,i),in(2,i),'o','Color',colorspec(i,:),'MarkerFaceColor',colorspec(i,:),'MarkerSize',width(i));
end
else % dim == 3
for i = 1:length(out)
hold on
plot3(in(1,i),in(2,i),out(i),'o','Color',colorspec(i,:),'MarkerFaceColor',colorspec(i,:),'MarkerSize',width(i));
end
end
end
end
``` |
The National Bank of Rwanda (, ) is the central bank of Rwanda. The bank was founded in 1964. The current governor of the bank is John Rwangombwa.
Location
It is quartered at the National Bank of Rwanda Building, on KN6 Avenue in the central business district of Kigali, the capital and largest city in Rwanda. The coordinates of the bank's headquarters are 01°56'56.0"S, 30°03'49.0"E (Latitude:-1.948889; Longitude:30.063611).
Overview
The Bank is active in promoting financial inclusion policy and is a leading member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. It is also one of the original 17 regulatory institutions to make specific national commitments to financial inclusion under the Maya Declaration during the 2011 Global Policy Forum held in Mexico.
Governors
Governors of the National Bank of Rwanda
Johan A. Brandon: 1964-1965
Masaya Hattori: 1965-1971
Jean Berchmans Birara: 1971-1985
Augustin Ruzindana: 1985-1990
Denis Ntirugirimbabazi: 1991-1994
Gérard Niyitegeka: 1994-1995
François Mutemberezi: 1996-2002
François Kanimba: 2002-2011
Claver Gatete: 2011-2013
John Rwangombwa: After 2013
History
The central bank, whose name is abbreviated to "BNR", evolved step by step:
Royal Decree of 27th July 1887 establishes the franc as the money of account for the Independent State of Congo, a.k.a. Congo Free State, and Rwanda is included as well.
Heligoland Agreement of 1890 puts Rwanda and Burundi within the German sphere of influence in Africa; the German East African rupie is the official currency; circulation of the French franc continues nonetheless.
As a result of Belgium's actions, the Belgian Congo becomes a member of the Latin Monetary Union in 1908.
Banque du Congo Belge established in 1909.
Bank of Belgian Congo issues its first banknotes in 1912.
Rwanda and Burundi attached to the Congo Franc Zone following Germany's defeat in World War I; 1927
Colony of Belgian Congo and Banque du Congo Belge create a new relationship; 1927–1952
World War II era: temporary involvement of the Bank of England; Congo franc is listed in London.
Banque Centrale du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi (BCCBRU) 1952 - 1960
Banque d'Émission du Rwanda et du Burundi (BERB) / (Issuing Bank of Rwanda and Burundi) - 1960 - 1964
Royal Bank of Burundi (BRB) and the Banque Nationale du Rwanda (BNR) open in 1964.
(Banque de la République du Burundi (BRB) opens in 1966.)
See also
Rwandan franc
Economy of Rwanda
List of central banks of Africa
References
External links
Rwanda
Banks of Rwanda
Organisations based in Kigali
Banks established in 1964
1964 establishments in Rwanda |
Mixel Berhokoirigoin (16 August 1952 – 7 May 2021) was a Basque farmer and activist. He was the spokesperson for the self-styled group "Artisans of Peace" that promoted an act of disarmament of ETA in the Basque-French town of Baiona. He was part of a delegation of dialogue with the French Government.
He was born in Gamarte.
Berhokoirigoin died on 7 May 2021 after fighting a "serious illness".
References
1952 births
2021 deaths
French activists
French-Basque people
Academic staff of Basque Summer University
People from Lower Navarre
20th-century French farmers
21st-century farmers |
Hart Ostheimer Berg (1865–1941) was an American-born engineer and businessman. Celebrated for his transatlantic promotion of innovative industrial products in the early twentieth century, he is best known for having represented the Wright Brothers’ aviation interests in Europe.
Birth, family and early life
Berg was born in Franklin Street above Girard Avenue, Philadelphia, on 23 March 1865 to Joseph and Louisa Berg, native-born Pennsylvanians of German Jewish descent. His father was a garment manufacturer and his mother was a sister of Alfred, William and George Ostheimer, principals of an extensive import-export business with offices in Paris, Vienna, Berlin and London. His cousins included Dr Maurice Ostheimer who, with his wife Martha McIlvain, owned the Martha and Maurice Ostheimer Estate.
After attendance at private schools, Berg was sent to Europe in his teens to complete his education and qualified as an engineer at Liège in Belgium. In the late 1880s he several times sailed between France and the United States, declaring he was of “no occupation”, but by 1891 he described himself as “merchant”, was based in New York, and visited Egypt and India.
Weapons manufacture
Around 1893 he settled at Hartford, Connecticut, where he obtained a managerial appointment with Colt’s Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company. His arrival at Colt coincided with the company bringing into production its M1889 revolver and developing the M1895 machine-gun under licence from John M. Browning. Berg is said to have been associated with both projects.
By 1896 he had renewed his links with Liège, joining the Belgian manufacturer Fabrique Nationale d'Armes de Guerre (FN) in a senior capacity. FN made not only munitions but also bicycles and motorcycles, and in 1897 Berg returned to Hartford to investigate advances in bicycle design introduced by the Pope Manufacturing Company. In the course of his visit he negotiated manufacturing rights for FN in respect of the new “chainless bicycle” and also met John Browning. Browning had recently licensed pistols of his design for production and sale by Colt within America. From these Colt had selected the prototype of the M1911 pistol for development.
Browning had created a lighter model of this gun and intended to produce it for the European market himself. Berg persuaded him that FN was a prime candidate to undertake its manufacture, and in July 1897 an agreement was concluded granting FN the European rights for what became the M1900. In the following year Berg was unsuccessful in attempting to persuade Browning to supervise the pistol’s production in Belgium, but its manufacture by FN transformed the fortunes of that company and laid the foundation for its long-term relationship with Browning (who died on FN’s premises in 1924).
Automobile business
In 1897 Berg was engaged by Pope Manufacturing Company to sell the foreign manufacturing rights for its Columbia cars. The engagement resulted in licences being granted to French, German and Belgian fabricators, and Berg himself became Director-General for Europe of Pope’s associate, Electric Vehicle Company, briefly America’s largest maker of automobiles.
In France he set up Société l’Électromotion to build and service two-seater motor carriages and phaetons mounted on Columbia running gear. These were assembled at Levallois-Perret, where he also supervised the construction for Clement-Bayard of the first major automobile factory to be built near Paris. He was at that time described as Clement-Bayard’s “chief engineer”, but this was only one of the several capacities in which he operated. In July 1899, in a test of vehicle endurance, he took the wheel of a Columbia electric two-seater while Gustave Philippart (creator of the modern diabolo) drove a Columbia electric phaeton over a distance of 76 km at Longchamp.
During 1902 he alternated between France and America, establishing Berg Automobile Company at Cleveland, Ohio, to produce a European-styled car (copied from a contemporary Panhard model) for the American market. Called the Berg, this was initially powered by a 2-cylinder engine but was upgraded to become a 4-cylinder 24 brake horsepower tourer - one of the first such automobiles built in America. It was assembled at the Cleveland Machine Screw Factory (“separated by a passage” from the Electric Vehicle Company’s premises) with parts sourced from other manufacturers, and was first shown at the New York Auto Show in 1903. The company designed another model, the Euclid, but this was never put into production and in 1904 Berg sold the business to Worthington Automobile Company of New York.
Paris Exposition
Although he operated independently from his Ostheimer relatives, both he and his uncle George Ostheimer (the first Secretary of the American Chamber of Commerce in Paris) were among ninety-five American-nominated members of the international awards jury at the Paris Exposition of 1900, Berg being a juror in the machine tool class. For their services in this connection both men were made Knights of the French Legion of Honour. A United States Government Report referred to Berg’s “hearty cooperation” with the U.S. Department of Machinery and Electricity in achieving the Department’s aims at the Exposition.
Association with Charles R. Flint
From 1904 onwards Berg was associated in commerce with Charles R. Flint. Their business initially consisted of munitions supply to Russia during the Russo-Japan War, and in 1904-6 Berg’s office base alternated between St Petersburg and Berlin.
Both Russians and Japanese were interested in the Osetr-class submarine which had been designed by Simon Lake but which the United States Navy had declined to buy. Charles Flint called Lake to a breakfast meeting during which he claimed Berg could negotiate a sale in Russia later the same day. Berg duly performed, and within hours Lake received a cable ordering one submarine for trials and a further five if the trials proved successful. Over the next three years Berg was involved in supervising the building within Russia of these six submarines and of a further four which were the first to mount large calibre guns for surface fighting. He was also instrumental in the sale and construction, at Pola, of two Lake submarines for Austria-Hungary.
Details of the financial relationship between Flint and Berg are elusive. In 1908 hearings before a House of Representatives Select Committee, Flint stated “Mr Berg is my associate and agent” and “when he acts for Mr Lake he is also an associate of mine”. Lake’s evidence to the same committee was scarcely more revealing: “Our relations are not with Mr Flint directly. Our direct relations are with Mr Berg, and Mr Flint is identified with him in some way. One does business on one side of the ocean and one on the other”.
It was while Berg was working in Russia that Flint became aware of the Wright Brothers’ progress in the field of powered flight and initiated discussions to obtain an exclusive agency to sell their “flyer” outside America. He reported details of the Wrights’ progress to Berg for his commercial evaluation. Simon Lake, who was at that time based in Berg’s office, commented favourably on the report but came to regret one of the consequences of what followed, recalling “Flint and the Wright Brothers cost me the best agent a man ever had, for Berg grew so interested in the flying-machine that he almost forgot my contraptions”.
Representation of the Wright Brothers
Berg was initially lukewarm in his assessment of the Wrights’ invention. In May 1907 Wilbur Wright travelled to Europe to persuade him of its reality and importance. Quickly convinced of Wright’s engineering brilliance and the reliability of his narrative, Berg introduced him to Henri Deutsch de la Meurthe and other influential figures in Paris. Wilbur reciprocated Berg’s esteem, describing him to his brother Orville as “a pretty slick hand... very practical... about as enthusiastic as a man could be and he really has a remarkable facility for reaching people”.
In November Charles Flint & Company and Hart Berg were jointly appointed sole agents outside America to negotiate contracts for the sale, manufacture or use of the Wrights’ “flyer” and to establish companies to take over ownership and exploitation of the brothers’ inventions. Sales negotiations were held with both the French and German governments but, as Berg had anticipated at the outset, it was with private investors that contracts were eventually signed.
In March 1908 a syndicate, assembled largely by Berg and led by Lazare Weiller and Deutsch de la Meurthe, acquired the French rights to the brothers’ airplane through the medium of a newly formed company, Compagnie Générale Nationale de Navigation Aérienne. In return the Wrights were to receive a cash sum and shares in the company while Flint & Company and Berg were to apply the commission entitlement under their agency arrangement to subscribe for shares. These arrangements were subject to the current model of the Wrights’ plane successfully completing performance trials.
Berg played a key role in preparation for the trials, procuring components and equipment required by the Wrights, monitoring Bariquand et Marre’s production of the plane’s engine, and surveying with Wilbur possible trial locations. Berg’s old friend Léon Bollée allowed Wilbur free factory space for engineering work and showed them possible trial grounds near Le Mans. From these Berg selected the racecourse at Hunaudières, for which he paid a monthly rent plus fifteen per cent of ticket sales for admission to watch the flights. The Wrights had previously preferred to keep their machines away from public gaze but, under Berg’s influence, now began to derive substantial income from gate money.
On arrival at Le Mans, parts for Wrights’ Model A, in storage since shipment to France in the previous year, were found to have been damaged in transit due to poor packing. Between late June and early August Wilbur was engaged in repair and assembly, Berg assisting in the work for several days during July.
From 8 August onward Wright made frequent flights in preparation for the trials. The capabilities of his machine overawed observers and dispelled European scepticism about the brothers’ achievement. Wilbur became an overnight celebrity and, as thousands flocked to watch his manoeuvres, Berg proved “indispensable in the dual role of press agent and bodyguard”.
It was reported that, in the wild enthusiasm that greeted Wilbur’s first triumphant display, Berg was “so carried away that he kissed Mr Wright on both cheeks before he could get out of the saddle”, but the truth of the report has been disputed. That Berg correctly anticipated the impact and commercial opportunity of the flight was evident when he informed photographers it would only proceed after they folded and agreed not to use their cameras, exclusivity of photographic rights having been negotiated with an American publication.
Berg’s role in the conduct of affairs at Le Mans was perceived as so comprehensive that he was described as “Mr Wright’s guide, philosopher, friend and financier”. In September it fell to him to break to Wilbur news of the crash of another Wright Model A at Fort Myer, Virginia, when Orville’s passenger was killed and Orville himself sustained serious injuries from which he never fully recovered.
On 7 October, Berg was for the first time carried as Wilbur’s passenger, in a flight of 3 minutes 24 seconds, and immediately afterwards Berg’s wife also flew with Wilbur for 2 minutes 3 seconds, this being described as “the first real flight made anywhere in the world by a woman”. Three days later the ascent took place that finally satisfied the requirements of the Wright Brothers’ contract with the Weiller syndicate, and by the end of the month Berg could report “our whole endeavours are now centred in trying to get an order from the French Government. We are pulling every string so to do”.
In January 1909 Berg laid out a new flying field at Pau, to which Wilbur relocated for the advantage of its warmer climate. In travelling to Pau, Orville Wright, his sister Katharine and Mrs Berg narrowly escaped injury when their train collided with another and was wrecked at Dax. In the following month King Alphonso of Spain joined their party and was introduced to the Wrights by Berg who was reported, somewhat improbably, to have dissuaded the king from becoming Wilbur’s passenger.
In March King Edward VII visited them and in April they met King Victor Emmanuel in Rome where they had come to discuss sales to the Italian military. Berg has been credited with establishing the Centocelle airfield for demonstration flights on the latter occasion, and it was there, from a balloon, that he took what was probably the first aerial photograph of Wilbur in flight. During these royal encounters Wilbur explained his plane’s mechanism to the visitors in English but, when fluency in a foreign tongue was required, Berg provided the explanation - as when the machine was shown to President Fallières of France and to the German Crown Prince Wilhelm and his family later in the year. By the time of the Crown Prince’s visit, a syndicate of investors had incorporated Flugmaschine Wright GmbH to make and market Wright planes in Germany. The Wrights subscribed one third of its capital and Berg was a member of its supervisory board.
In July 1909 Berg was present at Dover when Louis Blériot made his celebrated crossing of the English Channel in a Blériot XI, winning the challenge prize for which the Wrights had elected not to compete. Following his flight Blériot changed from cork jacket and overalls into garments lent him by Berg. The borrowed jacket’s lapel bore the silk ribbon of Berg’s Legion of Honour: when Blériot began to remove it, Berg stopped him, saying “I’m sure you will have the right to wear it very soon”. On the following day Blériot was made a Knight of the order and Berg was advanced to the rank of Officer.
In February that year Berg had gone to Hartford to meet his old colleague H. P. Maxim and had purchased the European rights to the gun silencer developed by Maxim. Berg did not miss the opportunity to promote his aviation interests, telling the press that in warfare silent gunfire would make the airplane essential to locating an enemy whose position was no longer betrayed by sound. He had previously declared that aerial observation had the potential to “checkmate” the deployment of submarines in war.
Flights of Wright aircraft in the Reims Aviation Contests of August 1909 left Berg “beaming with gratification at the compliments showered upon him as an associate in the Wrights’ interests”. Although no government contract had been obtained, orders for planes produced by the French company were initially encouraging. By May, Michel Clemenceau (son of Prime Minister Clemenceau) alone had bought twenty-five machines, but the export of some of these to Germany caused problems with potential German investors. To address the issue Berg, who had from the outset been concerned about the adequacy of the Wrights’ patent protection, prompted a comprehensive programme of intellectual property registration both in Europe and beyond.
End of relationship with the Wright Brothers
The enthusiasm of 1909 dissipated as 1910 proceeded. In Europe the machines turned out by the brothers’ competitors were breaking records and attracting buyers while the Wright model suffered a succession of accidents. In one of these Heinrich Haas, pilot for Flugmaschine Wright, was killed. The accidents were widely attributed to the double-propeller design of the Wright model, and by November 1910 the French, German and Spanish governments had all indicated they would not place an order for twin-screw aircraft. In the previous six months the German company had made only one or two sales and the French company had made none.
Flugmaschine Wright complained that, in addition to the propeller problem, its machine was at a disadvantage because the Wrights had failed to share information about design improvements they had introduced in America. Berg cabled Wilbur asking him to come to Europe urgently and wrote to Flint & Company saying that, on account of the complex construction associated with the twin-screw, he considered “the Wright machine more dangerous than any other machine”. He added that he believed the failure to update the German company with design changes was “a distinct breach of contract”, that he feared both the French and German companies “will be in serious financial difficulties in the near future”, and that he “did not think there will be a buyer anywhere in the world for machines of the Wright type”.
Wilbur Wright shrugged off Berg’s concerns, noting that he and Orville had made about $200,000 from their American operations since July 1909 - “not a bad story for double-propellers etc”. However, Orville went to Berlin and, despite Wilbur’s previous assertion that a single-propeller design was “not possible on account of the gyroscopic action”, he provided the German company with such a design.
In light of Berg’s concerns, Flint & Company tendered their resignation as the Wrights’ European representative, saying “We do so on our own behalf and not on behalf of Mr Berg and trust you can continue relations with him which have proved so pleasant for all of us”. A response to the proffered resignation was postponed until the Wrights, Flint and Berg met in March 1911. No minute of that meeting seems to survive, but subsequent correspondence referred to a “settlement” between the brothers on the one hand and Flint and Berg on the other.
Berg continued as a director of the French and German companies, but the former had exhausted its capital and turned over its operations to Société Astra, to which it was heavily indebted, and the German company closed in 1913 following loss of a Wright patent case. In February 1912 Berg reported from Paris that he had “in every way helped the Wrights’ case along without getting any but negative recognition from them” and that it was “hardly conceivable that we should go on trying to represent them when they have ignored my presence here and have not had any correspondence with me for months”. Wilbur Wright died shortly afterwards.
Later business activity
Other business interests which Berg worked to advance during his period as the Wrights’ representative included those of August Scherl (a shareholder in Flugmaschine Wright) whose gyro monorail system he promoted in America. In 1911 he arranged exhibitions of the system in New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago and St Louis but, although the monorail attracted considerable interest, it failed to secure financial backing.
Following the outbreak of the First World War and the privations which German invasion inflicted on Belgian civilians, Berg was one of the ten-strong executive of the Commission for Relief in Belgium assembled by Herbert Hoover from among successful American engineers considered “well equipped for the work in hand and with leisure to devote to it because the war has suspended so many of the enterprises in which they are interested”.
Among those enterprises which continued to flourish was the French aircraft industry, which was well in advance of that in America. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Berg told Simon Lake he believed he had “the chance to do something for my country”. He held manufacturing drawings for the best airplane currently in French production and a commitment to update them as soon as design improvements emerged. He took to Washington a proposal that these should be used to build an American fleet of military aircraft but, according to Lake, he was first ignored and then insulted by the authorities there. America had to rely on machines built by the French and British for its war effort in the air.
During and after the war years Berg was associated with William A. Hall and Henry Vail Dunham in developing fuel oil technologies, including the production of liquid paraffin and the processes for cracking hydrocarbons, and he promoted the mining of high oil-bearing shale and coal in the Var. He was actively interested in the production of lightweight engineering components, particularly by the use of magnesium in the forging process. In the 1920s he was involved in the supply of magnesium forgings to the French government and to Bréguet Aviation, and reported having interested General Mason Patrick (Chief of the Army Air Service) and “Air Admiral” William Moffett in their use. An American patent in respect of his process for purification of magnesium and its alloys was granted in 1929.
Also in the 1920s he worked with Robert McAllister Lloyd (who two decades earlier had been Secretary and Treasurer of the Berg Automobile Company before becoming President of the Electric Vehicle Company) in the development of machinery to manufacture paper containers for milk and other liquids. The pair were instrumental in establishing the Sealed Milk Containers Company in London and the Sealed Containers Corporation in New York.
Political events had by then resulted in Berg ceasing to have a business presence in Berlin and St Petersburg, but he continued to maintain offices in Paris, London and New York. At the outbreak of the Second World War he left Paris, where he had occupied an apartment on the Champs Elysées for more than thirty years, and took up residence at the Engineers' Club in Manhattan, becoming an unofficial consultant to the United States Ordnance Department. In August 1939 he presented to the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences his collection of photographs, books and newscuttings related to early aviation and was elected a Benefactor Member of the Institute.
At his death it was reckoned he had crossed the Atlantic almost 150 times in the course of his business. His death occurred, after a long illness, in New York on 9 December 1941.
Marriage
Berg married twice. His first wife, Edith Ogilby Berg, was a Californian-born granddaughter of Sir David Ogilby. She had formerly been an actress and, under the stage name Edith Paullin, appeared in some of the same productions as her previous husband, the actor and producer Hubert Druce. Having divorced Druce in January 1905, she married Berg at St Clement Danes on 21 February 1906. Wilbur Wright considered her “a jolly woman and very intelligent”, while his sister Katharine thought her “pretty as a picture and about the best dressed woman I ever saw”. She and Berg divorced at Paris in 1922. She afterwards went under the name of Edith Ogilby-Druce and died at San Francisco in August 1949.
In April 1925 Berg married Lena Davis Willits McKinney, the widow of a journalist, in London. She died at Paris in March 1931, aged 57.
There were no children by either of Berg’s marriages, but he was stepfather to Grace Titcomb (the child of Edith Ogilby Berg’s first marriage) who had married Paul Foy, a Paris lawyer, a few months before her mother’s wedding to Berg. It was Foy who in October 1909 conducted the first prosecution for “furious driving in the air”, which followed the crash of a Blériot monoplane into a crowd of spectators, several of whom were injured, during a display at Port-Aviation in Viry-Chatillon.
Legacy
The majesty of Wilbur Wright’s flying display at Le Mans in August 1908 fuelled his competitors’ appetite for further effort and experiment, probably advancing the progress of aviation by a significant measure. Hart Berg’s business skills, practical support and presentational management provided the occasion for, and contributed to the technical and commercial success of, that display. “In 1908,” Jed Rothwell has written, “Berg sold the aeroplane to the world.”
According to Rothwell, without the progress triggered by Wright’s display, notably the development of Thomas Sopwith’s aircraft, the allies would have been defeated in the First World War or, if they had pulled through, would have lost the Battle of Britain twenty years later: he asserts that “Berg, the Wrights, and Sopwith together twice saved Western civilization by narrow margins”.
Notes
References
1865 births
1941 deaths
Wright brothers
Aviation pioneers
Motor vehicle manufacturers
American founders of automobile manufacturers
Businesspeople from Philadelphia |
Raknes is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Eldbjørg Raknes (born 1970), Norwegian jazz vocalist
Ola Raknes (1887–1975), Norwegian psychologist, philologist and non-fiction writer
Steinar Raknes (born 1975), Norwegian jazz musician and composer, brother of Eldbjørg |
```c++
#include "vtuneapi.h"
#ifdef _MSC_VER // for msvc
#include <cstdlib>
#endif
std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<VTuneDomain>> VTuneDomain::domains_;
std::map<std::string, __itt_string_handle*> VTuneDomain::string_handlers_;
std::shared_ptr<VTuneDomain> VTuneDomain::createDomain(
const char* domain_name) {
auto domain = getDomain(domain_name);
if (domain == nullptr) {
#ifdef _MSC_VER // for msvc
wchar_t buffer[255];
mbstowcs(buffer, domain_name, 255);
__itt_domain* itt_domain = __itt_domain_create(buffer); // call api
#else // for clang and gcc
__itt_domain* itt_domain = __itt_domain_create(domain_name); // call api
#endif
if (itt_domain != NULL) {
std::string key(domain_name);
std::shared_ptr<VTuneDomain> value(new VTuneDomain(itt_domain));
domain = value;
domains_.insert(std::make_pair(key, value));
}
}
return domain;
}
void VTuneDomain::destroyDomain(const char* domain_name) {
auto it = domains_.find(domain_name);
if (it != domains_.end()) {
domains_.erase(it);
}
}
std::shared_ptr<VTuneDomain> VTuneDomain::getDomain(const char* domain_name) {
std::shared_ptr<VTuneDomain> result(nullptr);
auto it = domains_.find(domain_name);
if (it != domains_.end()) {
result = it->second;
}
return result;
}
__itt_string_handle* VTuneDomain::getString(const char* str) {
__itt_string_handle* result = NULL;
auto it = string_handlers_.find(str);
if (it != string_handlers_.end()) {
result = it->second;
} else {
#ifdef _MSC_VER // for msvc
wchar_t buffer[255];
mbstowcs(buffer, str, 255);
result = __itt_string_handle_create(buffer); // call api
#else // for clang and gcc
result = __itt_string_handle_create(str);
#endif
std::string key(str);
string_handlers_.insert(std::make_pair(key, result));
}
return result;
}
bool VTuneDomain::beginTask(const char* task_name) {
bool result = false;
__itt_string_handle* name = getString(task_name);
if (name != NULL) {
__itt_task_begin(domain_, __itt_null, __itt_null, name);
result = true;
}
return result;
}
void VTuneDomain::endTask() { __itt_task_end(domain_); }
``` |
```javascript
import React, { Component } from 'react'
export default class Index extends Component {
static getInitialProps() {
return { color: 'aquamarine' }
}
render() {
return (
<div>
{[1, 2].map(idx => (
<div key={idx}>
{[3, 4].map(idx2 => (
<div key={idx2}>{this.props.color}</div>
))}
</div>
))}
{[1, 2].map(idx => (
<div key={idx}>
<div>
{this.props.color}
<div className="something">
<React.Fragment>
<div>
<div>{this.props.color} hello there</div>
</div>
</React.Fragment>
</div>
</div>
</div>
))}
<style jsx>{`
div {
background: ${this.props.color};
}
`}</style>
</div>
)
}
}
``` |
Dongyin Zhongliu Tianhou Temple () is a Mazu temple located in Zhongliu Village, Dongyin, Lienchiang County, Taiwan. The temple is allegedly founded by Cai Qian, an infamous pirate in the Qing Dynasty.
History and legend
Early records of the temple has been lost, but the temple is believed to have been founded during the reign of Jiaqing Emperor by Cai Qian.
According to tradition, when Cai was harbored in Dongyin, he saw a farmer and his cow cutting down a wheat field on a hill even though it was too early for harvest. Since food was scarce, Cai climbed the hill to investigate, but the farmer, cow, and field had all disappeared. However, from the vantage point, Cai then saw several Qing ships sailing towards Dongyin, so he hastily ordered his men to leave the island. Cai believed that his vision was a spirit protecting him, so he returned to the island to build a Mazu temple, where he also placed statue named Limai Dawang (犁麥大王, lit. "king of cutting wheat") for the temple to worship.
References
Mazu temples in Lienchiang County |
is Japanese singer-songwriter Ua's eighth single, released on October 22, 1997. It served as theme song for the TBS TV drama "Fukigen na Kajitsu" starring Yuriko Ishida. "Kanashimi Johnny" debuted at number 11 on the Oricon Weekly Singles Chart with 60,740 units sold, becoming Ua's highest debut. Its b-side "Amefuri Hiades" was used in UCC Ueshima Coffee's Super 2 commercials.
Track listing
CD
Vinyl
Charts, certifications and sales
References
External links
SPEEDSTAR RECORDS | UA 「悲しみジョニー」
1997 singles
Ua (singer) songs
Japanese television drama theme songs
1997 songs |
Nashville is an American musical drama television series. It was created by Academy Award winner Callie Khouri and produced by R. J. Cutler, Khouri, Steve Buchanan, Marshall Herskovitz, and Edward Zwick. The series stars Connie Britton as Rayna Jaymes, a legendary country music superstar whose stardom has begun to fade, and Hayden Panettiere as a rising younger star, Juliette Barnes. This is a list of cast members, as well as recurring and guest stars. A number of country musicians and celebrities also appear as themselves, including Brad Paisley, Katie Couric, Kelly Clarkson, Conan O'Brien, Luke Bryan, and Michelle Obama.
Cast
Regular
Notes:
Recurring
Characters
Main
Recurring
The following characters of Nashville may or may not be particularly significant to the story of the series; each was introduced in one season and would usually appear in subsequent seasons to a greater or lesser extent.
Judith Hoag as (season 1–3), Rayna's sister, the daughter and protégé of Lamar Wyatt, who plays referee to Rayna and Lamar. She leaves Nashville after accepting a job in San Francisco.
Kimberly Williams-Paisley as Margaret "Peggy" Kenter (seasons 1 & 2; 20 episodes), Teddy's former co-worker at the credit union who helped him hide his embezzlement. They begin dating after Teddy and Rayna separate and marry after she lies to Teddy that she is pregnant. She is shot and killed while someone was attempting to kill Teddy.
David Alford as Bucky Dawes, Rayna's long-time seasoned and caring manager.
Ed Amatrudo as Glenn Goodman, Juliette Barnes's protective and reliable manager, often tasked with cleaning up the messes that Juliette leaves behind. In the fourth season Juliette refers to him as "the man who has been like a father to me" and "my lucky charm."
Sylvia Jefferies as Jolene Barnes (season 1,3,5-6; 17 episodes), Juliette's overprotective & overbearing mother; a drug addict who later commits a murder-suicide.
Michiel Huisman as Liam McGuinnis (seasons 1 & 2; 13 episodes), Rayna's new music producer, who also has a brief fling with Rayna and Scarlett.
Chaley Rose as Zoey Dalton (seasons 2–4), Scarlett's childhood best friend who moves to Nashville, who starts dated Gunnar. She eventually gets a job as a backup singer for Juliette. She later breaks up with Gunnar and leaves Nashville to pursue a solo singing career in Los Angeles.
Laura Benanti as Sadie Stone (season 3), a country star who gets an offer to sign with Edgehill but later signs with Highway 65. She and Rayna become good friends. She leaves Nashville after shooting and killing her abusive ex-husband.
Brette Taylor as Pam (season 3), as Luke's new backup singer, and has a brief fling with Deacon.
Alexa Vega as Kiley Brenner (season 3), Gunnar's first love who is now a struggling single mother. She lied to Gunnar saying that her 9-year-old son was Gunnar's but his brother Jason actually is.
Derek Hough as Noah West (season 3–4), an actor who lands a role about a famous country singer.
Christina Aguilera as Jade St. John (season 3), a pop singer who is trying to make it in country music.
Jay Hernandez as Dante Rivas (season 1; 6 episodes), Jolene's sober companion and Juliette's lover, who, after attempting to blackmail Juliette, is killed by Jolene in a murder-suicide.
Charlie Bewley as Charles "Charlie" Wentworth (season 2), a married confident business man, who owns a radio stations across the country, and had an affair with Juliette.
Christina Chang as Megan Vannoy (season 2), Deacon's lawyer at the beginning of season two; Deacon and Megan were in a romantic relationship in season two until Deacon found out that she cheated on him with Teddy.
Todd Truley as Marshall Evans (season 1; 11 episodes), former president and CEO of Edgehill Republic Records. In the beginning of season two he gets fired by the board of Edgehill Records and is replaced by Jeff Fordham.
J. D. Souther as Watty White (season 1; 6 episodes), legendary country music producer, radio personality, and songwriter who counsels Rayna Jaymes.
Kourtney Hansen as Emily (seasons 1–6; 60 episodes), Juliette's assistant and friend.
Tilky Montgomery Jones as Sean Butler (season 1; 5 episodes), professional football quarterback and Juliette's ex-husband.
Rya Kihlstedt as Marilyn Rhodes (season 1; 8 episodes), Avery's former manager and lover.
Wyclef Jean as Dominic King (season 1; 5 episodes), the head of Avery's former label.
Chloe Bennet as Hailey (season 1; 7 episodes), briefly dated Gunnar.
Susan Misner as Stacy (season 1; 5 episodes), a veterinarian and Deacon's ex-girlfriend.
Burgess Jenkins as Randy Roberts (season 1; 3 episodes), a long-time friend and music producer for Rayna Jaymes.
Afton Williamson as Makena (season 1; 3 episodes), Juliette's press agent who manages her career and fosters her reputation.
David Clayton Rogers as Jason Scott (season 1; 3 episodes), Gunnar's brother, who got convicted to an 8-year sentence after armed robbery. He is beaten to death after Gunnar throws the gun he has acquired, illegally, in a river. He taught Gunnar to play the guitar.
Derrick Worsley as School Principal (season 3; episode 4), Radio Station Employee (season 2; episode 20), Background Singer (season 2; episode 14), and Police Chief (season 2; episode 11)
J. Karen Thomas as Audrey Carlisle, Coleman's wife (season 1; 4 episodes).
Derek Krantz as Brent McKinney (seasons 1 & 2; 12 episodes), Brent is an openly gay former marketing and public relations employee for Edgehill. He once dated Will.
Nick Jandi as Dr. Caleb Rand (seasons 3–4; 19 episodes), a doctor who Scarlett and Deacon meet when Deacon comes down with liver cancer. Scareltt initially grows close to him as she is worried about Deacon, but the two form a romantic relationship. She breaks up with him in season four when she realizes she has feelings for Gunnar lingering.
Moniqua Plante as Natasha, (season 3; 10 episodes), a prostitute who Jeff uses to grow close to Teddy (without telling Teddy who she really is) and uses to blackmail Teddy. She eventually begins working with the police through a wire to incriminate Teddy to take down Tandy.
Gunnar Sizemore as Micah Brenner, (season 3; 12 episodes), Kiley and Jason's son, Gunnar's nephew for who Kiley lies to Gunnar and tells is his son which leads to a custody battle.
Keean Johnson as Colt Wheeler, (seasons 2–4; 25 episodes), Luke's son who dates Maddie.
Brette Taylor as Pam York, (season 3; 5 episodes), a backup singer on Will's tour who has a fling with Deacon and helps him through the grief that he is going through when Rayna rejects his proposal.
Mykelti Williamson as Terry George, (season 3; 9 episodes), a homeless man who Scarlett befriends and helps get back on her feet when she asks him to help her write music.
Christina Aguilera as Jade St. John, (season 3; 3 episodes), a pop singer who wants to make a country album.
Scott Reeves as Noel Laughlin, (seasons 3–4; 20 episodes), Scarlett and Gunnar's manager who is never written for due to lack of knowledge of in seasons five and six.
Rex Linn as Bill Lexington, (seasons 3–4; 3 episodes), Will's homophobic dad who believes Will killed his mother.
Kyle Dean Massey as Kevin Bicks (seasons 3–5; 14 episodes), An openly gay country music singer-songwriter who collaborates with Will on his music. He later becomes Will's boyfriend.
Riley Smith as Markus Keen, (season 4; 6 episodes), a hotshot member of a newly broken up band who Rayna spends millions to sign and is a trouble to work with. He leaves when he finishes his record and his band gets back together.
Cynthia McWilliams as Gabriella Manning, (season 4; 5 episodes), Luke's assistant who helps him learn the workings of a record label. She and Will have a fling but she leaves when he refuses to accept Will in the public eye.
Michael Lowry as Kenneth Devine, (season 4; 5 episodes), Luke's assistant for his new label.
Scout Taylor-Compton as Erin, (season 4; 6 episodes), a roadie for Juliette's tour who has a fling with Gunnar.
Katie Callaway as Christel, (season 4; 5 episodes), Luke's intern for his new label.
Mark Collie as Frankie (season 4; 14 episodes), a failing bar owner who Deacon buys out to start The Beverly who ends up hurting the family.
Jessy Schram as Cash Gray, (season 4; 12 episodes), Frankie's daughter who poison's Maddie's opinion of her family and helps her get emancipated and launch a solo career.
Rhiannon Giddens as Hallie Jordan (seasons 5–6; 20 episodes), a church woman who saves Juliette after her plane crash and eventually Juliette gets signed to Highway 65.
Joseph David-Jones as Clayton "Clay" Carter (season 5; 14 episodes), Maddie's bipolar rough boyfriend.
Christian Coulson as Damien George (season 5; 9 episodes), a hotshot music video director who works with The Exes. Scarlett has feelings for him and he eventually ends up being the father of her deceased baby.
Katrina Norman as Polly (season 5; 3 episodes), a stunning-road manager who wants Avery to leave Juliette.
Linds Edwards as Carl Hockeny (season 5; 6 episodes), Rayna's stalker who indirectly causes her death.
Ben Taylor as Flynn Burnett (seasons 5–6; 9 episodes), a love interest for Daphne.
Odessa Adlon as Liv (season 5; 6 episodes), a homeless girl Daphne befriends.
Jordan Woods-Robinson as Randall St. Claire (season 5), Rayna's intern who is obsessed with her.
Murray Bartlett as Jakob Fine (season 5-6), a fashion designer who wants Will to leave Kevin.
Josh Stamberg as Darius (season 6), the president of a cult in Nashville who propositions Juliette and brainwashes her to work for him and leave her family while quitting music.
Jake Etheridge as Sean (season 6), a recent military veteran suffering from severe PTSD who has yet to embrace his talent and passion for music. Scarlett meets him at the horse farm and grows close to him.
Rainee Lyleson as Alannah (season 6), a newcomer to the Nashville music scene, and a beautiful singer-songwriter who starts out as a backup singer but will soon be discovered for the star that she actually is meant to be when she joins Avery, Will, and Gunnar's band. Gunnar and Alannah have a fling.
Nic Luken as Jonah Ford (season 6), a famous male pop star who is very handsome, extremely confident, and charming. He and Maddie date.
Dylan Arnold as Twig (season 6), a childhood friend to Jonah who has feelings for Maddie.
Ilse DeLange as Ilse de Witt (season 6), a female coach on a talent show Daphne joins.
Mia Maestro as Rosa (season 6), a dedicated follower of Darius’ cult who now is having doubts about her role in it.
Ronny Cox as Gideon (season 6), a crusty, frustrated, would-be musician and recently reformed lifelong alcoholic who resented his son Deacon's success.
Notable guest stars
Cameos
Katie Couric as herself
Kate York as herself
Vince Gill as himself
Pam Tillis as herself
Little Jimmy Dickens as himself
Kip Moore as himself
Dan Auerbach as himself
The Band Perry as Themselves
Brad Paisley as himself
Conan O'Brien as himself
Kelly Clarkson as herself
Zac Brown as himself
Jay DeMarcus as himself
Carrie Underwood as herself
Michelle Obama as herself
Kellie Pickler as herself
Austin Dillon as himself
Mario Lopez as himself
Barbara Walters as herself
Whoopi Goldberg as herself
Sherri Shepherd as herself
Jenny McCarthy as herself
Robin Roberts as herself
Maria Menounos as herself
Luke Bryan as himself
Joe Nichols as himself
Sara Evans as herself
Florida Georgia Line as Themselves
Steven Tyler as himself
Thomas Rhett as himself
Kesha as herself
Kelsea Ballerini as herself
Elton John as himself
Megan Barry as herself
Carolina Chocolate Drops as Nashville Chocolate Drops
Kathie Lee Gifford as herself
Hoda Kotb as herself
Carla Gugino as Virginia Wyatt
Ruby Amanfu as herself
Blair Gardner as himself
Trevor Noah as himself
Harry Connick Jr. as himself
Michael Ray as himself
Jaden Smith as himself
Cassadee Pope as herself
RaeLynn as herself
Lauren Alaina as herself
Kacey Musgraves as herself
Danielle Bradbery as herself
Maddie & Tae as themselves
Brantley Gilbert as himself
Chris Young as himself
Steve Earle as himself
Actors
Ming-Na Wen as Calista Reeve (1 episode)
Nicholas Pryor as Sam Boone (1 episode)
Dana Wheeler-Nicholson as Beverly O'Connor (7 episodes)
Charlotte Ross as Ruth Bennett (1 episode)
Bridgit Mendler as Ashley Wilkenson (1 episode)
References
External links
Cast
Nashville |
Woman of Darkness or The Yngsjö Murder (Swedish: Yngsjömordet) is a 1966 Swedish historical crime film directed by Arne Mattsson and starring Gunnel Lindblom, Christina Schollin and Gösta Ekman. It was shot at the Råsunda Studios in Stockholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director P.A. Lundgren. It was based on the real Yngsjö murder case of 1889. It was a critical success and drew significant audiences.
Cast
Gunnel Lindblom as Anna / Mother
Christina Schollin as Hanna / Per's wife
Gösta Ekman as Per / Son-Hanna's husband
Heinz Hopf as Helmertz / Judge
Elsa Prawitz as Hilda Persdotter
Rune Lindström as Wahlbom
Isa Quensel as Grave-Karna
Tore Lindwall as Johan Olsson
Lasse Krantz as Erik Olsson
Gösta Bernhard as Jöns Persson
Stefan Ekman as Vicar Hasselqvist
Frej Lindqvist as H.N. Hansson
Curt Ericson as Dalman
Arne Strand as Persson / fångvaktare-jailer
Gudrun Östbye as Johanna Hansson
Christian Bratt as Schneider - fängelsedirektör
Julie Bernby as Hannas mor
Maritta Marke as Stina Edvards
Axel Düberg as Johanna Hanssons man
Cleo Boman as Bengta Jönsdotter
Birger Lensander as Ola Svensson
Monique Ernstdotter as Anna Jönsson
References
Bibliography
Björklund, Elisabet & Larsson, Mariah. Swedish Cinema and the Sexual Revolution: Critical Essays. McFarland, 2016.
Qvist, Per Olov & von Bagh, Peter. Guide to the Cinema of Sweden and Finland. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000.
External links
1966 films
Swedish crime films
1966 crime films
1960s Swedish-language films
Films directed by Arne Mattsson
Films set in the 1880s
Swedish historical films
1960s historical films
1960s Swedish films |
Leather Gloves is a 1948 American film noir drama sport film directed by Richard Quine and William Asher and starring Cameron Mitchell and Virginia Grey. It is also known as Loser takes all and Winner Takes Nothing.
Plot summary
Former boxer Dave Collins leaves the city to get away from his previous life to hide out in the southwest. He applies for a job in a sleepy old town and is immediately offered by bar owner Bernie, to fight the local champ, Vince Reedy. The prize if he wins is $200.
Dave agrees and starts training, assisted by an old drunk, Dudley. After a few days in town he meets the beautiful bar waitress, Cathy, who only has eyes for his opponent, Vince. Cathy wants Vince to lose so that he stops fighting altogether, marry her and start a family.
A wealthy widow named Janet Gilbert notices Dave and falls in love with him. She wants him to lose the fight and marry her. Dave offers Vince to lose the fight for $200. He also gets $100 as an advance payment from Bernie and asks Dudley to place a bet for $200 on Vince to win the fight.
Bernie finds out that Dave is planning to let Vince win, and they all bet on Vince to win. During the fight, Dave changes his mind and puts an effort into his boxing. He wins the fight and infuriates everyone who has placed bets on Vince. Dave barely escapes from being beat up, aided by Janet, and flees town, leaving Janet behind. He is happy for the sake of Cathy who is able to marry Vince, and that he has proven himself as a prize fighter. He finds a job at a ranch and puts an end to his fighting career for good.
Cast
Cameron Mitchell as Dave Collins
Virginia Grey as Jane Gilbert
Jane Nigh as Cathy
Sam Levene as Bernie
Henry O'Neill as Dudley
References
External links
1948 films
1948 drama films
1940s English-language films
Films directed by William Asher
Films directed by Richard Quine
American drama films
Columbia Pictures films
American boxing films
American black-and-white films
1948 directorial debut films
1940s American films |
Mohammad Ilyas Mahmood (; born 19 March 1946) is a former Pakistani cricketer who played in ten Test matches between 1964 and 1969.
Cricket career
Ilyas was an opening batsman and occasional leg-spin bowler. He played first-class cricket in Pakistan from 1961 to 1972. He scored 126 in the Third Test against New Zealand in Karachi in April 1965, when Pakistan needed 202 to win in five and half hours, and reached the target with a session to spare for the loss of only two wickets. He made his highest first-class score in December 1964, when he scored 154 against South Australia.
He toured Australia a second time with the Pakistan team in 1972–73, but was injured early in the tour and omitted from the team before it left for the New Zealand leg of the tour. At the time he decided to stay in Australia to live, but he later returned to Pakistan. He served for a time as a national selector, but was dismissed in 2011 for allegedly violating the Pakistan Cricket Board's code of conduct.
Family
He is the father-in-law of Imran Farhat and Kamran Akmal. Nazar Mohammad was his uncle.
References
External links
1946 births
Living people
Pakistan Test cricketers
Pakistani cricketers
Lahore cricketers
Pakistan International Airlines cricketers
Lahore A cricketers
Lahore Greens cricketers
Pakistan International Airlines A cricketers
South Zone (Pakistan) cricketers
Central Zone (Pakistan) cricketers
Cricketers from Lahore |
Athol is a historic slave manor and rectory located in Columbia (Simpsonville), Howard County, Maryland, U.S.
History
Athol Manor was built as the neighboring rectory of the Christ Church Guilford, which was built on the site of a 1711 burned church which was rebuilt. Edmund Lord Bishop of London sent Viscount of Oxenford, James MacGill to administer a chapel of ease in Queen Caroline Parish in Anne Arundel County. (later broke off to become Howard County.) On 17 August 1732, King Charles granted to James MacGill to form a new Church of England in the Maryland Colony. The patent was titled "Athol" after MacGill's home in Scotland. The title named the county "Winkepin", a reference to the future Wincopin plantation. "Williams Lot", "Scantlings Lot", and "Brown's Hopyard" were combined into a new patent named "Athole Enlarged" on 29 September 1763. MacGill brought laborers from Scotland and local slaves to construct the granite building where he raised eleven children with his wife Sarah Hilleary. Construction on Athole started in 1732, and finished by 1740. A side addition was built in 1768. A steep roof and door size windows were built to minimize taxes to Britain on certain features. A square cupola was added, and later removed due to deterioration. A conservatory was constructed in the 1980s.
In 1776, the American Revolutionary War caused the cutoff from the Church of England. MacGill accumulated a total of to his estate before he died in 1779 and was buried on the estate. The property was contested among the MacGill heirs until sold to John Hathaway in 1821 for $3,944.50. In 1866 the house was the residence of Richard Gambrill MacGill. Subsequent owners included Nehemiah Moxley Sr, whose descendants would serve as county commissioner and subdivider of large tracts of Howard County to form the Columbia development. In 1927, the estate was conveyed by James Clark to local newspaper magnate Paul Griffith Stromberg. From 1927 to 1946 the Melvin Coar family occupied the house who added electricity, plumbing and central heating. Tom and Edwina Dike maintained the house until 1986 as Columbia was built on subdivisions of the land.
The property located adjacent to Route 29, has been subdivided down to in 1863, in 1976, and just surrounding the site today. The site with a stone marker labeled Athol 1730, was purchased by the Rouse Company. Two Gravesites located on the estate were moved for residential development, gravesites to the east had tombstones removed without bodies re-interred before development. A 1997 historical survey recommending the property for National Historic Register status for significant contributions to history, Architecture and artistic merit. The recommendation was denied by the office of preservation services. All but one pre-colonial structures in the limits of the planned community of Columbia have been denied historic status. Martin Road Park was formed out of a small tract adjacent to the manor home.
References
External links
List of Howard County properties in the Maryland Historical Trust
Simpsonville, Maryland
Freetown, Maryland
Athol, Catonsville - The Gundry Sanatorium.
Houses completed in 1740
Houses in Howard County, Maryland
Howard County, Maryland landmarks
Buildings and structures in Columbia, Maryland
1740 establishments in Maryland |
Jerry Jerome (24 May 1874 – 27 September 1943) was born at Jimbour Homestead, near Dalby.
Jerome's father was Wollon Charles, an Aboriginal labourer, and his mother's name was Guli. He was a descendent from the local Yiman people and in 1906 Jerome married Alice Davis.
Jerome lived during the Control of Aboriginal Protection Act, which meant that his movement and life were restricted to the control of the Chief Protector. Before his fourth fight with Fred Booth, Jerome was arrested in Warra, due to the Protection Act. However, he was released in time for the Toowoomba fight where he was knocked out, which had the crowds convinced that he had been drugged. In 1908 a Dalby citizen applied successfully for Jerome's exemption on the spurious ground that he was a ‘half caste’, in order to be removed from the controlled native listing, which would allow him to pursue a sporting career.
In 1908 Jerome, at the age of 34, officially commenced boxing at “The Pines”, a park near Warra, Queensland and was referred to in these early days as the "Warra Cyclone".
In 1912 Jerome fought Black Paddy, champion of Western Australia, which was possibly the first contest between two Aboriginal professional boxers. Black Paddy was born in Murchison at Queensland and later moved to Cue, Western Australia. In August 1912, in Brisbane to a crowd of five thousand spectators, Jerome defeated Black Paddy in a sixteen-round boxing match. In the same year Jerome was awarded the Australian middleweight boxing champion.
Jerome was the first Indigenous Australian to win a major boxing title — defeating Charlie Godfrey to claim the Middleweight Championship of Australia at Brisbane on 7 September 1912.
In 1915, Jerome fought nine times before retiring from a ring career.
Jerome had approximately 20 first-class fights that netted Jerome something in the vicinity of £5000. Worth over $500,000 in today's money according to the Reserve Bank of Australia Pre-Decimal Inflation Calculator.
In 1919 Jerome was a resident on Fraser Island where heartbreakingly he lost his daughter Myrtle. The young girl was stricken with illness and taken to the Maryborough General Hospital where she died on 23 August 1919.
As Jerome was an Australian Aboriginal, his earnings were placed in trust by government Protector of Aborigines, who were notoriously for not allowing Aborigines to access to this trust. Today this is known as Stolen Wages.
Jerome was moved to Barambah Aboriginal Settlement where he spent his last years coaching promising Aboriginal boxers and refereeing their bouts.
Jerry Jerome ended life as he began it, in squalor, and stone motherless broke. His last days were spent in segregation at Barambah (Cherbourg) Aboriginal Settlement, Murgon, Queensland. It is said this comedian of the fight ring died with his famous bowler hat on. Jerome was survived by his three sons and one of his two daughters.
In his professional career Jerome fought 58 boxing battles, 35 were wins and 23 were losses. In 1915 at the age of 41 Jerome resigned from boxing.
Jerome died on 27 September 1943 at Cherbourg Aboriginal mission penniless and is assumed to be buried at Murgon cemetery. At the time of his death Jerome was a white-haired, bushy-whiskered, toothless old man in his seventies.
Approximately 20 of Jerome's first-class fights netted him something in the vicinity of £5000. Worth over $500,000 in today's money according to the Reserve Bank of Australia Pre-Decimal Inflation Calculator. Reckless handling of his share of the purse resulted in the Chief Protector of Aborigines taking over control of his interests. His biggest purse was £575 for his fight with David Smith at Sydney Stadium under the direction of Snowy” Baker, worth over $71,000 today. Snowy Baker once said: “If old Jerome would ever keep as fit as he is capable of being made, he would be the greatest middle-weight fighter in the world”. With his money all gone he spent his last years coaching promising Aboriginal boxers and refereeing their bouts. Jerome was survived by his three sons and one of his two daughters.
Jerome was the 2008 Inductee for the Australian National Boxing Hall of Fame Old Timers category.
References
External links
ADB biography
Jerry Jerome (Aboriginal boxer) 1874-1943, State Library of Queensland
1874 births
1943 deaths
Indigenous Australian boxers
Australian male boxers
People from the Darling Downs
Middleweight boxers |
Senior colonel is an officer rank usually placed between a regular colonel and a British or American brigadier general.
Use
In Nazi Germany, a rank equivalent to senior colonel, , was used by both the SA and SS. In the branches of the (General SS) and Waffen-SS (Armed SS) the rank of Oberführer was widely used. The rank did not exist in the army (), although the (navy) maintained the equivalent rank of .
Most western militaries tend to equate a senior colonel as being on the level of a "brigadier general"; however, this is not necessarily so. Nations which maintain senior colonel ranks may also have five general ranks (most such nations also having the rank of colonel general). A senior colonel is also not befitted honors of a general or flag officer. It is simply seen as the highest field officer rank before the general grades. In this sense, the rank is seen as comparable to the rank of brigadier in the British Army and some other Commonwealth armies, similarly a senior field rank.
A similar title to senior colonel is that of senior captain, also used in most Communist countries. However, it may also be found in some western militaries as a staff rank appointed to a regular captain.
The term senior colonel is also used informally and unofficially in the U.S. military for colonels who have either been selected for promotion to brigadier general but not actually promoted yet, or for veteran colonels who are particularly experienced and influential. The Argentine Army makes a similar use of the term, though in this case it is an official distinction () with its own rank insignia (a single red-trimmed golden sun instead of the three golden suns of a regular colonel). In the Portuguese Army, a colonel selected but still waiting for promotion to a general officer rank is officially designated (literally meaning "practiced colonel" in Portuguese), having a proper rank insignia (the rank stripes of colonel added with a general rank silver star). Between 1929 and 1937 the were called a , using the badge currently in use.
Senior colonel's insignia
See also
Colonel commandant
Adjutant general
Comparative military ranks
References
Citations
Sources
Military ranks |
Thomas Constable (21 July 1737, Beverley16 February 1786, Sigglesthorne) was Archdeacon of the East Riding from 11 December 1784 until his death.
He was educated at St John's College, Cambridge; and ordained in 1673. He held livings at Stonegrave, North Yorkshire and Hindolveston, Norfolk.
References
18th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of the East Riding
1737 births
1786 deaths
People from Beverley |
Middelfart nominating district is one of the 92 nominating districts that exists for Danish elections following the 2007 municipal reform. It consists of Middelfart and Nordfyn municipality. It was created in 1849 as a constituency, and has been a nomination district since 1920, though its boundaries have been changed since then.
In general elections, the district tends to vote a bit more for parties commonly associated with the blue bloc.
General elections results
General elections in the 2020s
2022 Danish general election
General elections in the 2010s
2019 Danish general election
2015 Danish general election
2011 Danish general election
General elections in the 2000s
2007 Danish general election
2005 Danish general election
2001 Danish general election
General elections in the 1990s
1998 Danish general election
1994 Danish general election
1990 Danish general election
General elections in the 1980s
1988 Danish general election
1987 Danish general election
1984 Danish general election
1981 Danish general election
General elections in the 1970s
1979 Danish general election
1977 Danish general election
1975 Danish general election
1973 Danish general election
1971 Danish general election
General elections in the 1960s
1968 Danish general election
1966 Danish general election
1964 Danish general election
1960 Danish general election
General elections in the 1950s
1957 Danish general election
September 1953 Danish Folketing election
April 1953 Danish Folketing election
1950 Danish Folketing election
General elections in the 1940s
1947 Danish Folketing election
1945 Danish Folketing election
1943 Danish Folketing election
General elections in the 1930s
1939 Danish Folketing election
1935 Danish Folketing election
1932 Danish Folketing election
General elections in the 1920s
1929 Danish Folketing election
1926 Danish Folketing election
1924 Danish Folketing election
September 1920 Danish Folketing election
July 1920 Danish Folketing election
April 1920 Danish Folketing election
European Parliament elections results
2019 European Parliament election in Denmark
2014 European Parliament election in Denmark
2009 European Parliament election in Denmark
2004 European Parliament election in Denmark
1999 European Parliament election in Denmark
1994 European Parliament election in Denmark
1989 European Parliament election in Denmark
1984 European Parliament election in Denmark
Referendums
2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum
2015 Danish European Union opt-out referendum
2014 Danish Unified Patent Court membership referendum
2009 Danish Act of Succession referendum
2000 Danish euro referendum
1998 Danish Amsterdam Treaty referendum
1993 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum
1992 Danish Maastricht Treaty referendum
1986 Danish Single European Act referendum
1972 Danish European Communities membership referendum
1953 Danish constitutional and electoral age referendum
1939 Danish constitutional referendum
References
Nomination districts of Denmark |
Bear Branch is an unincorporated community in north central Linn County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.
The community is on Missouri Route V approximately seven miles east of Purdin.
History
A post office called Bear Branch was established in 1871, and remained in operation until 1887. The community took its name from nearby Bear Branch creek.
References
Unincorporated communities in Linn County, Missouri
Unincorporated communities in Missouri |
The Ninth Ward School disaster occurred on November 20, 1851, at Ward School No. 26 on Greenwich Street in New York City. While classes were in session, panic suddenly arose among the teachers and students about a possible fire in the building. A mass of students proceeded to flee down a staircase, causing the bannister to fail and the students to tumble into a large pile—reportedly deep—at the bottom of the staircase. Forty-three students died, mostly due to suffocation. An investigation determined that the students' escape had been slowed by inward-swinging exit doors and that the construction of the staircase bannister was insufficient to support to the weight of the students. While a coroner's jury found no fault in the accident, it recommended that all schools be built with fire-protected stairways and outward-opening exit doors.
References
1902 in New York City
Disasters in New York City
Human stampedes in the United States
History of New York City
1851 disasters in the United States
November 1851 events |
Pieno žvaigždės is one of the biggest dairy products companies group in Lithuania, uniting Mažeikiai dairy, Kaunas dairy, Pasvalys creamery and company "Panevėžio pienas" (English: "Panevėžys milk"). The current company's market value is about 70 million EUR.
Pieno žvaigždės is listed in the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius under the ticker symbol PZV1L.
The company president is Aleksandr Smagin.
References
External links
Official website
Official website
Food and drink companies of Lithuania
Companies listed on Nasdaq Vilnius |
```c++
#include "ExportProcessor.h"
using namespace mega;
using namespace std;
ExportProcessor::ExportProcessor(MegaApi *megaApi, QStringList fileList) : QObject()
{
this->megaApi = megaApi;
this->fileList = fileList;
this->mode = MODE_PATHS;
currentIndex = 0;
remainingNodes = fileList.size();
importSuccess = 0;
importFailed = 0;
delegateListener = new QTMegaRequestListener(megaApi, this);
}
ExportProcessor::ExportProcessor(MegaApi *megaApi, QList<MegaHandle> handleList)
{
this->megaApi = megaApi;
this->handleList = handleList;
this->mode = MODE_HANDLES;
currentIndex = 0;
remainingNodes = handleList.size();
importSuccess = 0;
importFailed = 0;
delegateListener = new QTMegaRequestListener(megaApi, this);
}
ExportProcessor::~ExportProcessor()
{
delete delegateListener;
}
void ExportProcessor::requestLinks()
{
int size = (mode == MODE_PATHS) ? fileList.size() : handleList.size();
if (!size)
{
emit onRequestLinksFinished();
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
MegaNode *node = NULL;
if (mode == MODE_PATHS)
{
#ifdef WIN32
if (!fileList[i].startsWith(QString::fromLatin1("\\\\")))
{
fileList[i].insert(0, QString::fromLatin1("\\\\?\\"));
}
string tmpPath((const char*)fileList[i].utf16(), fileList[i].size()*sizeof(wchar_t));
#else
string tmpPath((const char*)fileList[i].toUtf8().constData());
#endif
node = megaApi->getSyncedNode(&tmpPath);
if (!node)
{
const char *fpLocal = megaApi->getFingerprint(tmpPath.c_str());
node = megaApi->getNodeByFingerprint(fpLocal);
delete [] fpLocal;
}
}
else
{
node = megaApi->getNodeByHandle(handleList[i]);
}
megaApi->exportNode(node, delegateListener);
delete node;
}
}
QStringList ExportProcessor::getValidLinks()
{
return validPublicLinks;
}
void ExportProcessor::onRequestFinish(MegaApi *, MegaRequest *request, MegaError *e)
{
currentIndex++;
remainingNodes--;
if (e->getErrorCode() != MegaError::API_OK)
{
publicLinks.append(QString());
importFailed++;
}
else
{
publicLinks.append(QString::fromLatin1(request->getLink()));
validPublicLinks.append(QString::fromLatin1(request->getLink()));
importSuccess++;
}
if (!remainingNodes)
{
emit onRequestLinksFinished();
}
}
``` |
In art, a study is a drawing, sketch or painting done in preparation for a finished piece, as visual notes, or as practice. Studies are often used to understand the problems involved in rendering subjects and to plan the elements to be used in finished works, such as light, color, form, perspective and composition. Studies can have more impact than more-elaborately planned work, due to the fresh insights the artist gains while exploring the subject. The excitement of discovery can give a study vitality. When layers of the work show changes the artist made as more was understood, the viewer shares more of the artist's sense of discovery. Written notes alongside visual images add to the import of the piece as they allow the viewer to share the artist's process of getting to know the subject.
Studies inspired some of the first 20th century conceptual art, where the creative process itself becomes the subject of the piece. Since the process is what is all-important in studies and conceptual art, the viewer may be left with no material object of art.
Studies can be traced back even as long ago as the Italian Renaissance, from which art historians have maintained some of Michelangelo's studies. One in particular, his study for the Libyan Sibyl on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, is based on a male model, though the finished painting is of a woman. Such details help to reveal the thought processes and techniques of many artists.
References
Drawing |
MASCAC may refer to:
Massachusetts State Collegiate Athletic Conference, an athletic conference located within the state of Massachusetts.
Middle Atlantic States Collegiate Athletic Corporation, an umbrella organization of athletic conferences located within the Mid-Atlantic United States currently known as the Middle Atlantic Conferences |
St Robert of Newminster Catholic School is a co-educational secondary school and sixth form located in Washington in the City of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. The school is named after Saint Robert of Newminster. As a Catholic school it is under the jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle.
Previously a voluntary aided school administered by Sunderland City Council, in July 2019 St Robert of Newminster Catholic School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by Bishop Wilkinson Catholic Education Trust.
St Robert of Newminster Catholic School offers GCSEs and BTECs as programmes of study for pupils, while students in the sixth form have the option to study a range of A Levels and further BTECs.
Notable former pupils
Jordan Pickford, goalkeeper for Everton and England
Ethan Robson, footballer
Paul Coughlin, cricketer
Bridget Phillipson, Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Houghton and Sunderland South (2010–present)
Si King, Hairy Bikers member
Paul Thirlwell, footballer
James Roddam, chef
Carl Magnay, footballer
Matthew Potts, cricketer
References
External links
St Robert of Newminster Catholic School official website
Secondary schools in the City of Sunderland
Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle
Academies in the City of Sunderland
International Baccalaureate schools in England
Washington, Tyne and Wear |
The Iowa Heartlanders are a professional minor league ice hockey team in the ECHL based in Coralville, Iowa. The team began play in the 2021–22 ECHL season, playing their home games at Xtream Arena.
History
On September 17, 2020, Newfoundland Growlers' majority owner Dean MacDonald (through his group Deacon Sports and Entertainment) came to an agreement with the city of Coralville to place an ECHL team in Xtream Arena, pending league approval, for the 2021–22 season. On January 12, 2021, the team was approved by the ECHL Board of Governors to join the league for the 2021–22 season. In March 2021, the team announced it had hired former ECHL commissioner Brian McKenna as team president. The team name, Iowa Heartlanders, was announced on May 20, 2021. On June 17, the Heartlanders announced they would be the affiliate of the Minnesota Wild. On July 27, 2021, the Heartlanders named Gerry Fleming as their inaugural head coach.
On October 22, 2021, the Heartlanders played their first game against the Kansas City Mavericks and won 7–4 at home with more than 4000 in attendance. In November, Kris Bennett was named the team's first captain, with Jake Linhart and Riese Zmolek given alternate captain roles.
The Heartlanders finished their inaugural season with 29 wins, which included a franchise-best seven-game winning streak from mid-February - early March 2022.
In the summer of 2022, former head coach Gerry Fleming accepted an opportunity in the DEL (top German pro league) with a club in Frankfurt, Germany. The move paved the way for Fleming's assistant coach Derek Damon to take over the head coaching position. Damon was officially announced as the second coach in team history on July 5, 2022.
The Heartlanders set the team's all-time attendance record on Opening Night 2022 (Oct. 21, 2022) vs. the Idaho Steelheads.
In July 2023, Mr. Michael Devlin became the team's majority owner. The switch helped improve the team's local direction and resources. Devlin, founded Heartlanders Hockey LLC and brought a strong hockey background to the team, having already been the primary owner of the USHL's Des Moines Buccaneers.
Season-by-season records
Players
Current roster
Updated July 14, 2023
References
External links
ECHL teams
Ice hockey clubs established in 2021
Ice hockey teams in Iowa
Coralville, Iowa
2021 establishments in Iowa
Minnesota Wild minor league affiliates |
Red coat, Redcoat or Redcoats may refer to:
Entertainment
Red Coat (Pretty Little Liars), a fictional character
Red Coats (film), the English title for Giubbe rosse an Italian film
Redcoats (play), a 2019 play about holiday camps
Redcoats (TV series), a series on the lives of Butlins Redcoats
Redcoats (band), a rock band in Melbourne, Australia
The Redcoats (American band), an American rock band
Georgia Redcoat Marching Band, of the University of Georgia
Redcoat, a 1754 novel by Bernard Cornwell
Military
Redshirts (Italy), volunteer soldiers headed by Garibaldi during Risorgimento
Red coat (military uniform), a uniform worn historically by most infantry and some cavalry regiments of the British Army
Red Serge, a ceremonial tunic worn by members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Other
Redcoats (Butlins), members of the staff at Butlins holiday camps in the UK
Redcoat Air Cargo, a British cargo airline from 1976 to 1982
Ohio Valley Redcoats, a minor league baseball team
The common name for Utricularia menziesii, an Australian carnivorous plant
See also
Redshirt (disambiguation) |
Adolf Böcking (14 June 1831 – 18 April 1898) was a German-born naturalist who settled in the United States. He studied the biology of the rhea and was among the first to publish a monograph on the species.
Böcking was born in Bonn, the son of law professor Eduard Böcking. He studied natural sciences at the University of Bonn and received a doctorate in 1863 for his study of the rhea. In 1865 he went to South America to study the fauna on behalf of the Prussian government. He then settled in the United States of America after buying a farm in Kansas. He however failed in making any profit from farming after repeated loss of harvest. He then served briefly as a director of the Friedrichsburg School in Texas, wrote scientific papers, and gave lectures while living in San Antonio. He was also a member of the Scientific Society of San Antonio. In the summer of 1898, he was found missing and it was later found that he had shot himself.
References
External links
De Rhea Americana (1863 dissertation)
1831 births
1898 deaths
German ornithologists
People from Bonn
University of Bonn alumni
1890s missing person cases
Missing person cases in Texas
Suicides by firearm in Texas |
Jaan Kundla (born 11 October 1937 in Suure-Jaani) is an Estonian politician. He was previously an independent member of Riigikogu, formerly (until expulsion) a member of Estonian Centre Party.
He had previously been a member of the People's Party Moderates and the leader of the Estonian Pensioners' Party.
Kundla has caught attention by using the Riigikogu member's expense account to buy foodstuffs, including mayonnaise. He became unexpectedly important as a potential swing voter after the Estonian Social Democratic Party left the government, leaving a governing coalition consisting of Estonian Reform Party and Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica. In this structure, the two coalition parties hold 50 of 101 Riigikogu seats — a very narrow minority.
References
1937 births
Living people
Members of the Riigikogu, 2007–2011
Estonian Centre Party politicians
21st-century Estonian politicians
Tallinn University of Technology alumni
People from Suure-Jaani |
Schofields is a suburb on the fringe of Sydney's urban sprawl, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Schofields is located north-west of the Sydney central business district, in the Blacktown local government area. It is part of Greater Western Sydney's North West Growth Area.
Demographics
As at the 2016 Census, Schofields had an estimated population of 4,983. In 2001, Schofields had an estimated population of 3,012. Over the 15-year period, Schofield's population increased by 65.4%. The suburb is on the rural-urban fringe of Sydney, and is expanding rapidly. It is in the NSW Government's North West Growth Area. Schofields has numerous housing developments underway, which are expected to provide over 2,950 new homes.
The most common religion in Schofields is Catholicism (30.8%). The second largest religion is No Religion (17.7%). The most spoken language in Schofields is English, with Hindi being the second most spoken language at 3.7%. The majority of people from Schofields identified as Australian (21.3%), followed closely by English (20.4%). The third largest ancestry was Indian at 8.4%.
History
Early history of Schofields
John Schofield (1803–1884) was transported from England to the Colony of New South Wales for stealing when he was just 17 years old. At the time he was a silk weaver from Cheshire. He was transported aboard in 1821 and was assigned to work for Thomas Harley, a free-settler, on his farm at . In 1828, Schofield was granted a Ticket of Leave, which allowed him to live freely within the district of Parramatta. In 1829, he married Bridget Harley, the daughter of his former employer. Schofield then rented Gillingham Farm, located near the Eastern Creek.
The Schofields delivered eight offspring; five males and three females. In 1841, Schofield bought three blocks of land along the Windsor Road. Unfortunately, due to falling wool prices and a general state of depression in the colony, Schofield became bankrupt in 1843. New government concessions introduced a few years later allowed Schofield to buy of land around the area now known as Schofields in 1845. In 1849, Schofield and two of his sons, William and Samuel, sailed to California in the hope of finding gold. He returned in 1850 with some gold, but their ship, the Rosetta Joseph struck land and became ship wrecked. Aboard life-boats and in very rough seas, the passengers were rescued at after ten days. Schofield and his sons returned to their farm with enough gold to pay off most of his debts. Just before Christmas in 1851, Bridget Schofield died. The discovery of gold in New South Wales and a rise in the economy provided Schofield with enough money to pay off his mortgage and develop his keen interest in horseracing.
The railway line from to opened in 1864 and passed through Schofield's land. In 1872, a stopping place was recognized on Schofield's land and a small platform made from railway sleepers was built after that to make boarding the train safer. This platform was known as Schofield's Siding. The name changed over the years to Schofields.
In his later life, Schofield set up a sawmill beside the railway line and used the trees from his paddocks in Schofields to supply timber for housing. John Schofield died in 1884.
Modern history
The suburb boundaries of Schofields were changed in November 2020, resulting in the creation of new suburbs of Nirimba Fields and Tallawong in the south and northeast respectively.
Parks, recreation and essential services
Schofields Park, on Station Street, is the home of the Riverstone Schofields Junior Soccer Football Club and Schofields Cricket Club.
The village also has a Community Hall that can be hired out for parties and is also regularly used by the local Church Group on Sunday mornings.
The village also has a NSW Rural Fire Service brigade, known as Schofields Bush Fire Brigade. They regularly attend house fires, car accidents, bush fires and most other emergencies in the area that require fire brigade attendance. A Woolworths Supermarket opened up across the road from the new Schofields railway station. Schofields Village Shopping Centre was completed in mid 2021 also across the road from the train station will include a Coles Supermarket and speciality stores.
The suburb was also home to the former Schofields Aerodrome and HMAS Nirimba and is now the suburb of Nirimba Fields.
Transport
Schofields railway station is on the Richmond branch of the T1 North Shore & Western Line and T5 Cumberland Line of the Sydney Trains network.
The Westlink M7 and M2 Hills Motorway provide easy road access from both the south and the east.
Busways provide commuter bus services to/from the suburb.
Places of worship
Lankarama Buddhist Vihara (Sri Lankan Buddhist Temple) is located on Oak Street.
References
Further reading
External links
Revised suburb boundary of Schofields (November 2020) - Blacktown City Council
Suburbs of Sydney
City of Blacktown |
```shell
Clear the terminal instantly
Terminal based browser
Useful aliasing in bash
Breaking out of a terminal when `ssh` locks
Conditional command execution
(`&&` operator)
``` |
Despencer (le Despencer) or Despenser is an occupational surname referring to the medieval court office of steward, most commonly associated with Norman-English barons of the 13th- and 14th-centuries and their descendants. Notable people with this surname include:
Edward le Despenser (1310–1342), soldier, father of Edward le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despencer
Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer (1335–1375), the son of Edward le Despencer
Elizabeth le Despencer, Baroness le Despencer (1342–1402), English noblewoman born to Bartholomew de Burghersh
Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer (1708–1781), English rake, politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer, founder of the Hellfire Club
Henry le Despencer ( 1341–1406), Bishop of Norwich, the younger brother of Edward le Despencer
Sir Hugh le Despencer (justiciar), Baron le Despencer (1223–1265) son of sheriff Hugh and an important ally of Simon de Montfort during the reign of Henry III. He served briefly as Justiciar of England in 1260 and as Constable of the Tower of London and the castles of Shrewsbury, Bruges, and Balsover.
Hugh le Despenser (sheriff) (died 1238) was a wealthy land owner in the East Midlands of England, as well as High Sheriff of Berkshire
Hugh le Despenser the Elder, 1st Earl of Winchester (1262–1326), for a time the chief adviser to King Edward II of England
Hugh le Despenser the Younger (1286–1326) became Royal Chamberlain in 1318 and the favourite of Edward II of England but developed a reputation for greed and, after falling out with the Barons, was accused of treason. He was forced into exile in 1321 with his father, who later fled to Bordeaux. Hugh was captured and sentenced to public execution by hanging (for thievery), and drawing and quartering (for treason).
Hugh le Despencer, Baron le Despencer (1338) (1308–1349), the eldest son and heir of Hugh Despenser the Younger, fought at the battles of Sluys and Crécy. He was created a baron by writ of summons to Parliament in 1338 (the titles of his father and grandfather having been forfeited by virtue of their treason convictions).
Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Arundel (1312–1356), married, as his 1st wife, Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel. The marriage was annulled and their child, Edmund, was disinherited.
James Despencer-Robertson OBE (1886–1942) a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom
Richard le Despenser, 4th Baron Burghersh (1396–1414) was the son and heir of Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester
Robert Despenser (d. after 1098), a court official and landholder under William II of England
Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester (22 September 1373 – 13 January 1400, Bristol) was the son of Edward le Despenser, 1st Baron le Despencer, whom he succeeded in 1375. He was executed after the abortive Epiphany Rising.
See also
Baron le Despencer, a title in the English Peerage
Occupational surnames
Anglo-Norman families |
Village Creek State Park can refer to either of two state parks in the United States:
Village Creek State Park (Arkansas)
Village Creek State Park (Texas) |
Jörgen Wålemark (born 3 April 1972) is a Swedish football manager and former player.
Career
He helped Ljungskile SK from the lower leagues to the Allsvenskan, only to leave the club for mostly foreign teams. He returned to Ljungskile in 2003, and the club was once again promoted in 2007. He retired 2008 at the end of "allsvenskan". In the summer 2009 he returned to football and Lsk.
In 2022 he was hired as the new assistant manager of Raufoss IL. Ahead of the 2023 season he was promoted to manager.
Clubs
-1994 : Ljungskile SK
1994-1995 : St Johnstone F.C.
1995-1996 : Ljungskile SK
1996-1997 : Lillestrøm SK
1998-2000 : IF Elfsborg
2000-2001 : Enosis Neon Paralimni
2001-2003 : AEL Limassol
2003-2009 : Ljungskile SK
Clubs managed
2010-2011 : Ljungskile SK
2011-2012 : BK Häcken U19
2014-2017 : Varbergs BoIS FC
2018 : Jönköpings Södra IF
2018-2020 : Ljungskile SK
2022 : Raufoss IL (assistant)
2023- : Raufoss IL
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Swedish men's footballers
AEL Limassol players
Enosis Neon Paralimni FC players
St Johnstone F.C. players
Lillestrøm SK players
IF Elfsborg players
Ljungskile SK players
Swedish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Allsvenskan players
Scottish Football League players
Eliteserien players
Cypriot First Division players
Swedish football managers
Swedish expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Norway
Raufoss IL managers |
The 1953 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American League with a record of 92–62, 8½ games behind the New York Yankees.
Offseason
December 11, 1952: Earl Averill, Jr. was signed as an amateur free agent by the Indians.
Regular season
Al Rosen became the first third baseman in the history of the American League to win the MVP Award.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Notable transactions
May 1953: Brooks Lawrence was acquired from the Indians by the Cincinnati Reds.
June 15, 1953: Ray Boone, Al Aber, Steve Gromek, and Dick Weik were traded by the Indians to the Detroit Tigers for Art Houtteman, Owen Friend, Bill Wight, and Joe Ginsberg.
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Awards and records
Al Rosen, American League MVP
Farm system
LEAGUE CHAMPIONS: Fargo-Moorhead, Daytona Beach, Green Bay
On May 6, 1953, the Fargo-Moorhead Twins defeated Sioux Falls in their Opening Day game by a score of 12–3. A record crowd of 10,123 fans came to Barnett Field. In the game, Roger Maris got his first professional baseball hit. That season, Twins player Frank Gravino would hit 52 home runs. The Twins would host the Northern League All-Star game and defeat the Northern League All-Stars by a score of 8–4. The Twins finished with a record of 86–39 (improving from their record of 44–80 in 1952) and bested Duluth to win the Northern League championship. Roger Maris was selected as the 1953 Northern League Rookie of the Year.
Notes
References
1953 Cleveland Indians season at Baseball Reference
Cleveland Indians seasons
Cleveland Indians season
Cleveland Indians |
Jeremy André de León Rodríguez (born 18 March 2004) is a Puerto Rican footballer who plays for Castellón of the Spanish Primera Federación.
Club career
As a youth de León played for local side Hispania FA. At age 9 he was invited to trial with Sevilla. At the age of ten in April 2014, he was invited to Spain to participate in a trial and youth tournament for Málaga and a second training period with Sevilla. While playing for GPS Puerto Rico in the Sheffield Cup in 2019, he was spotted by the International Development Academy based in Valencia and he and his family moved to Spain to join the club in summer 2020.
In winter 2021/22 he joined the youth team of CD Castellón. After being the team's top scorer with thirteen goals in thirteen matches in the U19 league, the player attracted interest from La Liga clubs Barcelona, Almería, and Sevilla in spring 2022. Shortly thereafter he was linked with moves to Real Madrid, Atlético Madrid, and Real Betis. Despite the interest, de León signed his first professional contract with Castellón in May 2022, a two-year deal which would see him remain at the club until 2024. He made his debut for the club the same month against Villarreal B. The following month Valencia was exploring loan options for the player.
International career
At the youth level de León represented Puerto Rico in 2022 CONCACAF U-20 Championship qualifying. He scored two goals against Bermuda in the final Group Stage match, an eventual victory which saw Puerto Rico qualify for the final tournament. The same year he was named to Puerto Rico's squad for the 2022 UNCAF U-19 Tournament in Belize. He went on to score two goals in a 3–3 draw with Panama.
De León received his first call-up to the senior national team in summer 2022 for 2022–23 CONCACAF Nations League C matches.
References
External links
2004 births
Living people
Footballers from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Primera Federación players
CD Castellón footballers
Puerto Rico men's international footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Spain
Puerto Rican expatriate men's footballers |
The 12th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, August 1, 1985, on CBS to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from March 6, 1984 to March 5, 1985. Two new categories were added: Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series and Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama Series. Of the 13 categories (including Lifetime Achievement) available that year, the broadcast showed the presentation of awards in seven categories.
Broadcast from 3-4:30 p.m., it preempted Guiding Light and Body Language. The telecast marked the last time the Daytime Emmys would preempt any network programming airing at 4 p.m. EST.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
The Young and the Restless
All My Children
Days of Our Lives
General Hospital
Guiding Light
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
David Canary (Adam Chandler and Stuart Chandler, All My Children)
James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
Darnell Williams (Jesse Hubbard, All My Children)
Larry Bryggman (John Dixon, As the World Turns)
Terry Lester (Jack Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Gillian Spencer (Daisy Cortlandt, All My Children)
Deidre Hall (Marlena Evans, Days of Our Lives)Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne, Guiding Light)
Robin Strasser (Dorian Lord, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Louis Edmonds (Langley Wallingford, All My Children)
Robert LuPone (Zach Grayson, All My Children)
David Lewis (Edward Quartermaine, General Hospital)Larry Gates (H.B. Lewis, Guiding Light)
Anthony Call (Herb Callison, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Eileen Herlie (Myrtle Fargate, All My Children)
Elizabeth Lawrence (Myra Sloane, All My Children)
Norma Connolly (Ruby Anderson, General Hospital)
Maeve Kinkead (Vanessa Chamberlain, Guiding Light)Beth Maitland (Traci Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series
Steve Caffrey (Andrew Cortlandt, All My Children)
Michael E. Knight (Tad Martin, All My Children)Brian Bloom (Dusty Donovan, As the World Turns)
Jack Wagner (Frisco Jones, General Hospital)
Michael O'Leary (Rick Bauer, Guiding Light)
Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama SeriesTracey E. Bregman (Lauren Fenmore Williams, The Young and the Restless)
Kristian Alfonso (Hope Williams, Days of Our Lives)
Melissa Leo (Linda Warner, All My Children)
Lisa Trusel (Melissa Anderson, Days of Our Lives)
Tasia Valenza (Dottie Thornton, All My Children)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Another World
Days of our Lives
Guiding Light
All My ChildrenOutstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children
One Life to Live
As the World Turns
Guiding Light Days of our Lives
Outstanding Game ShowThe $25,000 Pyramid - A Bob-Sande Stewart Production for CBS
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
Jeopardy! - A Merv Griffin Production (Syn. by KingWorld)
The Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson Production for CBS
Wheel of Fortune - A Merv Griffin Production for NBC (Syn. by KingWorld)
Outstanding Game Show HostDick Clark (The $25,000 Pyramid)
Bob Barker (The Price Is Right)
Bill Cullen (Hot Potato)
Richard Dawson (Family Feud)
Pat Sajak (Wheel of Fortune)
Outstanding Animated ProgramMargaret Loesch, Lee Gunther, Jim Henson, Bob Richardson, Hank Saroyan, John Gibbs and Jeffrey Scott (Muppet Babies)Joe Ruby, Ken Spears, Janice Karman, Ross Bagdasarian Jr., Charles A. Nichols, Rowby Goren, Janis Diamond, Cliff Ruby and Elana Lesser (Alvin and the Chipmunks)
Lou Scheimer, Marsh Lamore, Phil Harnage and Rowby Goren (Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids)
William Hanna, Joseph Barbera, Bob Hathcock, Gerard Baldwin, Ray Patterson, Oscar Dufau, Carl Urbano, George Gordon, John Walker, Rudy Zamora, Alan Zaslove, Tedd Anasti, Patsy Cameron and Sandy Fries (The Smurfs)
Outstanding Film Sound EditingRichard C. Allen, Robert T. Gillis, Richard Bruce Elliott, Michael L. DePatie, Michael Tomack and Ron Fedele (Muppet Babies)David Gelfand (ABC Afterschool Specials)
Lifetime achievement award
Charita Bauer Larry Haines Mary Stuart'''
References
012
Daytime Emmy Awards |
The Nidderdale Caves are a series of caves in Upper Nidderdale in North Yorkshire, England. There are two cave systems and most of the caves are in some way linked with one or the other. The smaller system is the Eglin cave system in the valley of How Stean Beck, a tributary of the River Nidd, associated with How Stean Gorge. The larger system is the Goyden cave system under the valley of the River Nidd, which flows east from Scar House Reservoir, then south, and shortly after disappears underground down several sink holes to reappear at the rising just beyond the village of Lofthouse. Cavers are able to access several sections of this system via the different entrances.
The caves are a Site of Special Scientific Interest designated in 1987 under the name Upper Nidderdale.
Entrances
From north to south:
Manchester Hole (NGR SE 100736 Length 578m)
Bax pot (alternative entrance to Manchester Hole Divers chamber, providing through trip)
Lesser Stream pot (entrance into connecting passage Eternal Optimist, Linking Manchester Hole and Goyden pot)
Goyden pot (NGR SE 099761 Length 3.7 km)
Back Steps (alternative entrance to Goyden pot main chamber)
Church pot ( alternative entrance to Goyden pot Gaskell’s passage, flood exit route)
Limley pot (alternative entrance to Goyden pot, Mud Hall)
Zanussi pot (close to Limley pot now sealed closed)
Guscott pot (NGR SE 100757 Length 103m)
Frog pot/Aquamole series (NGR SE 101756 Length 640m)
Harrogate pot (close to Frog pot, now sealed closed)
Dry Wath entrance (original entrance to New Goyden pot now blocked)
Vulcan rift pot (close to New Goyden main entrance bypassing first pitch, now blocked)
New Goyden pot (NGR SE 102754 Length 2.2 km)
Thrope Edge pot (alternative entrance to New Goyden pot South Avens)
Howgill pot (alternative entrance to New Goyden pot South Avens, now blocked)
Nidd Head NW Rising (NGR SE 104731 Length 850m)
Nidd Head SE Rising (NGR SE 105730 Length 250m)
Entrances in bold are classed as distinct caves in their own right and entrances not in bold are alternative entrances into those caves.
Exploration
Explored passages total 8.3 km.
At present cavers and cave divers have explored and linked together the caves from Manchester Hole through to New Goyden Pot. The section from Goyden to New Goyden is only traversable with diving gear although cave diggers have opened up a way from New Goyden to Frog Pot and have attempted to find and open up a link from Frog Pot to Goyden Pot.
Cave divers have attempted to explore the link between New Goyden Pot and Nidd Head. At New Goyden Pot they have explored eight flooded passages (sumps) with various lengths of dry passages between. At the Nidd Head rising they have dived for over 850 metres with still about 1 km gap left to explore between the two caves.
Hydrology of the Goyden System
Normal conditions
Manchester Hole to Goyden Pot
Water from the moors above Angram and Scar House drains into the reservoirs, which in turn feed the River Nidd. Below Scar House dam the Nidd flows east then turns south, and shortly after disappears underground through a series of small fissures in the exposed limestone inlier. All the water from the various fissures enters the large stream passage of Manchester Hole. The underground stream can be followed along an impressive 3 to 4 sq m passage to the equally impressive massive blockfall cavern of the Main Chamber. Faulting here is not only responsible for the blocks but has allowed incursions of more than one stream to aid the process of block fall. At present one small stream enters at the southern end, but previous flooding such as in 1998 has opened up choked passages, allowing a large volume of water to enter Main Chamber. A huge section of the mud bank in that chamber collapsed and the flood subsiding refilled the passage. This process of opening and closing of inlets has probably been repeated many times over the centuries. The stream at the base of the chamber flows amongst fallen blocks to enter a passage of fine proportions, but the roof soon dips to where the stream enters a low area known as ‘the grovel’. The roof quickly rises again in Fossil Passage, where a narrow but high passage can be followed round more than one bend to a wider section. Here a small tube high up on the left leads to a permanently flooded section (static sump) 46m long that connects with Goyden Pot cave at Pillar Pot. The stream flowing through Manchester Hole does not connect with this static sump but instead flows onwards for a few metres to the ‘duck’. At the duck the stream make a sharp right turn almost flowing back on itself through a hands and knees crawl with limited airspace. After a few metres of the ‘duck’ the passage once again enlarges and the stream then flows on for a few more metres to enter downstream sump 1. This sump is 15m long and enters Divers Chamber. The stream flows out of the chamber along a short passage to enter sump 2, a small constricted passage that enters the Lesser Stream area of Goyden Pot.
Goyden Pot to New Goyden Pot
In the Lesser Stream passage of Goyden Pot the many fractures in the rock allows the stream to diverge and flow in different directions. Sandstone boulders are washed in from the surface through the numerous inlets in this area. These inlets are also opened and closed through the action of flooding. The various streams quickly unite and flow amongst the large boulders that form the floor of yet another impressive large breakdown chamber, Goyden Main Chamber. The stream then flows out from under the boulders and over the cascades to flow along the huge Main Stream Passage, 25m high in places and typically 6m wide for more than 150m, to where it flows into sump 1, 20m long. The river flows out of sump 1 past October Passage, which steals a small amount of the river. It then flows along another huge gallery into sump 2, 6m long. From there the river flows along the largest of the stream passages in Goyden to sump 3, 27m long. Here the river flows into Bridge Hall, where a small inlet on the left enters, probably the water from October Passage but as yet unconfirmed. At the far side of Bridge Hall is sump 4, just 2m long, and then a short section of passage to sump 5, about 57m long, and a lake airbell with choked inlet in the roof. Sump 6, 12m long, leads from the airbell to a short passage with a roof passage leading into the Aquamole series that can be entered via Frog Pot. At the end of the short passage sump 7 is a low obstructed sump that connects with the upstream sump 2 and sump 1 of New Goyden Pot.
New Goyden Pot to the Nidd Head Resurgences
The water flowing from upstream sump 1 flows along a very fine round railway tunnel sized passage to a bend, where a significant additional stream enters on the left. This is from Frog Pot and is the New Stream water from New Stream sump in Goyden pot. The combined waters flow along the huge tunnel to a short low flooded section, Middle Sump. At the far side of this sump the water flows for a short distance and then enters downstream sump 1. Divers have explored beyond sump 1 through another seven sumps. The water from this farthest point of exploration travels just over a kilometre to the furthest explored point of Nidd Head Resurgence. The Nidd actually resurges from three locations, the North West Rising, Main Rising and South East Rising. As the name suggests most of the water rises from the Main Rising and this has been explored by divers for over 850m. The North West Rising is presumed to flow from a point 119m into the Main Rising. The water from South East Rising has been explored for over 120m and is also thought to connect with the Main Rising.
The risings combine. The river shortly afterwards is joined by How Stean Beck and flows down Nidderdale to Gouthwaite Reservoir.
Flood conditions
The Goyden system floods as a result of excess water overflowing the Scar House dam. This can happen not only following significant rainfall but also by wind action from a westerly or near westerly direction. The wind on a full or nearly full reservoir whips up waves on Scar House Reservoir sending water over the dam that on occasions has pushed down the valley more than one metre depth of water from the reservoir. The caves can therefore flood in a period of no rain but by wind action alone. The water flowing down the valley is typically greater than the capacity of the fissures taking water into Manchester Hole. So most of the water flows past the Manchester Hole and onwards to Goyden Pot Main entrance. At various times old abandoned inlets are re-opened and re-closed by the flood waters allowing water to enter the far reaches of Manchester Hole and Lesser Stream passage of Goyden Pot. The increased flow into Manchester Hole and a pooling effect by the constricted sump 2, with possibly reopened inlets, causes the far end (between the ‘grovel’ and the ‘duck’) of Manchester cave to flood, at times very quickly. Water flowing into Goyden Pot Main entrance falls into the Main Chamber from high level passages from the first and then second and eventually the third window. This water joins the river flowing from Manchester Hole over the cascades and along the Main Stream passage. The swollen river flows through to sump 7 which due to its constricted nature causes the water to back up and flood the system from there all the way back. The rising water enters the roof passage between sump 6 and sump 7 taking with it much debris. The water flows along this passage into Toad Hall and through the 30m sump into Frog Pot, where it joins the New Stream water from Goyden Pot, New Stream sump. The combined flood waters flow into New Goyden Pot via Main Stream inlet to join the increased water from upstream sumps 1 and 2 in New Goyden. This water backing up through the system is first seen to rise in Frog Pot then Guscott Pot, Limley Pot, Church Pot and then Goyden Pot. By this time the far end of Manchester Hole has already flooded by the mechanism mentioned before. The whole system floods completely with the exception of Manchester Hole from the entrance to the ‘grovel’. The latter has been confirmed by leaving markers in the roof of Manchester Hole amongst the flood debris. The markers remained even in very high flood conditions in the rest of the system, which suggests that the flood debris present in the roof dates from before the construction of Scarhouse reservoir. Once Goyden is full water is forced past Goyden Pot Main entrance down the valley on the surface past the village of Lofthouse through to Gouthwaite Reservoir. In severe floods water mushrooms out of Church Pot, Limley Pot and New Goyden Pot, while Guscott Pot and Frog Pot still take water. In the most severe floods the River Nidd rises enough to lap into or small flow into Manchester Hole main entrance.
Geology
The caves of Upper Nidderdale are extensive, impressive and have unique characteristics within the UK.
The cave system is largely developed beneath a major valley floor with many of the passages still beneath a cover of Millstone Grit or Upper Yoredale strata.
It has developed across a number of geological structures including an anticline and several faults.
In Manchester Hole vadose downcutting has breached the base of the limestone and cut into the underlying strata.
Studies have confirmed that wind action on the Scar House Reservoir when full or nearly full can create significant overflow causing serious flooding of the caves further down the valley.
Nidderdale is at about the same altitude as Wharfedale and separated by just one ridge including the summit of Great Whernside. The Great Scar limestone so evident in Wharfedale is nowhere to be seen in Nidderdale as the easterly dip of the Pennine anticline carries it well below the floor of this small valley. The limestone visible in Nidderdale is the Yoredale series, and almost all the cave system has developed within the narrow band (maximum of 40m) of the Middle Limestone. The limestone outcrops in three inliers: one to the north including the cave sinks of Manchester Hole and Goyden pot, one small outcrop about 300m further south including New Goyden pot, and one nearly 2 km further south including the Nidd Head resurgences. The most northern inlier of limestone is cut off from the limestone beds at Scar House Reservoir by a large fault. The most southerly inlier of limestone is cut off from any continuation by a fault just north of the head of Gouthwaite Reservoir. Each inlier is separated on the surface by the base of the Grassington Grit.
The cave system is contained within the Middle Limestone and chiefly developed along the shale partings of the bedding planes. The faults frequently mark the position of the sumps (permanently flooded sections of the cave), and between faults there are significant open passages. The cave drains water from north to south but the faulting in the middle inlier is responsible for water locally draining south to north under the normally dry river bed on the surface. This means that in flood conditions water on the surface drains north to south while the water in the large cave passage beneath drains briefly in the opposite direction before turning east and then back south.
Because the system is contained within a narrow band and chiefly covered by grit, it surprised early explorers that there were long sections of large passages such as Goyden’s and New Goyden’s main stream. Goyden’s is typically about 6m wide and 25m high vadose canyon with small phreatic passage at the top. New Goyden’s passage is typically about 8m diameter phreatic tunnel. What did not surprise early explorers was that the system is chiefly developed on one level. However further study and exploration has shown higher abandoned levels of development, on shale bands. These have been opened up by cave diggers and used to connect the caves of Nidderdale with dry connections after cave divers had explored the underwater links between the caves.
Distinctive fossil and chert beds so common a characteristic of the middle limestone are well exposed in the caves and provide some impressive examples. Fine examples of the chert bands are visible in Goyden Pot Main Stream Passage, the Turf and especially the Beet Route passage above High Rift. Chert bands are also visible in New Goyden Pot in the Main Stream passage, Main Inlet and Dry Wath series. Impressive examples of Productus giganteus fossils are present in the Fossil Passage area of Manchester Hole and on the surface by the intake fissures. Fossilised coral and many examples of crinoids are clearly visible in quite a few of the caves but especially in Goyden Pot.
References
Sources
Northern Caves 1: Wharfedale & The North-East, Dalesman Books 1988, D. Brook, G. M. Davies, M. H. Long, P. F. Ryder; Nidderdale section, pages 147–163
Northern Sump Index, Cave Diving Group, 1995, compiled by Paul Monico
Limestones and Caves of North West England, edited by A. C. Waltham
Descent: The Cavers magazine, Reports from Chris Fox in copies No.127 Dec/Jan 1995/96; No.138 October/November 1997; No.140 Feb/Mar 1998; No.141 April/May 1998; No.152 Feb/Mar 2000; No.156 Oct/Nov 2000; No.167 Aug/Sept 2002; No.172 June/July 2003; No.173 Aug/Sept 2003; No.178 June/July 2004; No.179 Aug/Sept 2004; No.181 Dec/Jan 2004/05; No.183 April/May 2005; No.186 Oct/Nov 2005; No.188 Feb/Mar 2006; No.190 June/July 2006; No.191 Aug/Sept 2006; No.192 Oct/Nov 200; No.193 Dec/Jan 2006/07; No.194 Feb/Mar 2007; No.195 Apr/May 2007; No.198 Oct/Nov 2007; No.200 Feb/Mar 2008; No.210 Oct/Nov 2009; No.214 June/July 2010; No.224 Feb/Mar 2012
Cave and Karst Science, The Transactions of the British Cave Research Association, Volume 33 Number 1 2006 "An Introduction to the Speleo-history of Upper Nidderdale, Yorkshire, UK, to the early nineteen-sixties." Stephen A Craven
Speleology. Bulletin of the British Cave Research Association, Issue 8, December 2006, "Caves of Upper Nidderdale:Development and Exploration", Chris Fox
External links
Nidderdale
Caves of North Yorkshire
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in North Yorkshire
Limestone caves |
Valley View is a mid-19th-century Greek Revival residence and farm overlooking the South Branch Potomac River northwest of Romney, West Virginia. The house is atop a promontory where Depot Valley joins the South Branch Potomac River valley.
The Valley View property was part of the South Branch Survey of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a large tract that was inherited by Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, in 1719. It was settled by John Collins and his family in 1749, and acquired by the Parsons family before 1772. The Valley View house was built by James Parsons Jr. in 1855. After the Civil War, Parsons' widow sold the farm to Charles Harmison. His wife, Elizabeth Harmison, inspired by her childhood Virginia home, Western View, and the scenic South Branch Potomac River views, named the farm Valley View. The most recent of a series of owners, the Mayhew family, bought the property in 1979. Valley View's current proprietors, Robert and Kim Mayhew, have restored the historic residence and grounds.
The house at Valley View is a two-story brick structure with a rectangular architectural plan. The front entrance is covered by a small portico, topped with a pediment supported by wooden Doric columns. The rear of the house, with a two-story wood porch stretching across it, faces the South Branch Potomac River valley and Mill Creek Mountain. Each of the original eight large rooms of the 1855 structure contains a fireplace framed by a wooden mantelpiece with classical elements. The original windows, wooden trim, and materials in the main section of the house are intact. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 as a locally significant example of Greek Revival architecture.
Geography and setting
The Valley View house is about northwest of downtown Romney, atop a promontory (known locally as the Yellow Banks) where Depot Valley joins the South Branch Potomac River valley. Depot Valley runs from West Sioux Lane in Romney to Valley View, and an unnamed tributary of Big Run flows north along its bottom. Depot Valley Road parallels the stream.
Depot Valley is named for Romney Depot, located at the end of a former spur of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) South Branch line near the intersection of present-day West Sioux Lane and Depot Valley Road. The unincorporated area around the depot was once known as Valley. A post office operated there from 1928 until 1937, when its mail was routed through Romney; it is assumed that Valley View farm used it, since it was south of the house.
The Valley View farm property adjoins the Wappocomo farm on the northeast, the corporate limits of Romney on the east and south and the Yellow Banks on the west. As well as Valley View's tract, the Mayhew family owns agricultural land rich in alluvial soils along the South Branch Potomac River west of the house. The South Branch Valley Railroad bisects this farmland, crossing the South Branch Potomac River via a wooden trestle.
Valley View Island, an island in the South Branch Potomac River just north of the mouth of Sulphur Spring Run, is approximately southwest of the Valley View house. Both the house and the island are owned by the Mayhew family. The island is ringed by forests, with agricultural fields in its center. When Lots Number17 and19 of the Northern Neck Proprietary South Branch Survey were surveyed in 1749 and resurveyed in 1788, the island belonged to Lot Number19. At that time, the river flowed east of the island, along the base of the Yellow Banks; its course later changed to run around the west side of the island.
Mill Creek Mountain, a narrow anticlinal mountain ridge, rises westward from the South Branch Potomac River across from Valley View. The western foothills of South Branch Mountain rise to the east. Both mountains are covered with Appalachian – Blue Ridge forests of hardwoods and pine.
History
Royal land grant and Collins family ownership
The land upon which Valley View is located was originally part of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a land grant that the exiled Charles II awarded to seven of his supporters in 1649 during the English Interregnum. Following the Restoration of Charles II to the throne in 1660, he renewed the Northern Neck Proprietary grant in 1662, revised it in 1669, and again renewed the original grant favoring the original grantees Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper and Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington in 1672. In 1681, Bennet sold his share to Lord Colepeper, and Lord Colepeper received a new charter for the entire land grant from James II in 1688.
Following the deaths of Lord Colepeper, his wife Margaret, and his daughter Katherine, the Northern Neck Proprietary passed to Katherine's son Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1719, who selected a portion of it for his manor. This tract, known as the South Branch Survey of the proprietary, extended from the north end of the Trough to the junction of the North and South Branches of the Potomac River. In 1748, Fairfax commissioned James Genn to survey the South Branch Potomac River lowlands for sale and lease, with lots ranging in size from .
In 1749, the tract on which Valley View stands was purchased from Lord Fairfax by John Collins. The lot was Lot Number20 on the South Branch Survey. Collins also owned a large tract of land spanning present-day Hampshire and Hardy counties. His son Thomas Collins is thought to have inherited his father's landholdings as an "heir at law", since there is no record of a will by John Collins dispensing of his properties. By 1772, Thomas Collins acquired Lot Number20, where he lived with his wife Elizabeth. In 1816, Collins was serving as a magistrate when the town of Romney held a Virginia state election for the Electoral College. One representative from each of Virginia's 25 counties traveled to Romney to cast his vote. Collins and county commissioner William Donaldson certified the convention's election results.
In 1817, Thomas Collins sold Lot Number20 to James Gregg Parsons. It is unknown whether the Collinses moved from the tract or continued living on it after the sale. Thomas Collins died in 1822, and Elizabeth Collins in 1823.
Parsons family
The Parsons family members were among the first English settlers in the Thirteen Colonies in 1635; around 1740, they settled in Hampshire County. By 1778, Isaac Parsons (1752–1796), a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, owned of Lot Number16 and all of Lot Number17 in the Proprietary. James Gregg Parsons, his eldest son, was born in Hampshire County in 1773. In 1795, he married Mary Catherine Casey (1773–1846), whose family owned the adjoining Lot Number 21. After their marriage, they lived in the main house at Wappocomo, which had been built by Mary Catherine's father Nicholas Casey. The couple inherited the house after Nicholas Casey's death in 1833.
James Gregg Parsons died on January 25, 1847, leaving most of his land to his three sons: James (Big Jim) Parsons Jr. (1798–1858), David C. Parsons (1803–1860), and Isaac Parsons (1814–1862). James, his eldest son, inherited Lot Number20 (known as the Collins Tract); his second son David inherited Lot Number13 south of Romney (on which Hickory Grove was later located); and his youngest son Isaac inherited Lot Number21 (which included Wappocomo). His sons also inherited the nearby "Jake Sugar Rum Tract, the McGuire Tract, and five town lots in Romney". According to historian William K. Rice, by 1846 Parsons' sons and their families were all living on the tracts they would eventually inherit. Rice determined that James Parsons Jr. moved to the Collins Tract, around 1826, and was living there when his father died.
James Parsons Jr. was a farmer and cattleman who was born in Hampshire County. Parsons family genealogist Virginia Parsons MacCabe wrote the following description of James Parsons Jr. in her book Parsons' Family History and Record (1913): "He was square and honorable in business, and had a large circle of friends; he had the urbanity and the gentility of manner which characterizes the true gentleman". Parsons married Elizabeth Miller on January 8, 1829. The couple had eleven children, several of whom attended college.
In 1855, Parsons began building the present-day Valley View house on the Collins Tract. Although he wrote many letters to his sister Mary Gregg Parsons Stump about farming, cattle, family, health and community events, no letters are known to remain from the time of the house's construction. The Parsons family owned several slaves who are thought to have assisted with construction.
After living in his new house for three years, Big Jim died of tuberculosis on October 14, 1858. His widow, Elizabeth, lived in the house until after the Civil War. In 1867 or 1869, she sold the house, the Collins Tract and the remainder of Lot Number20 to Charles Harmison (1823–1896) for $8,500, moving with her remaining children to Missouri (where she died in 1883). The cost of building the house financially strained the Parsons family; historian Catherine Snider Long suggests that Elizabeth Miller Parsons sold the house as a result of further, war-related, financial stress from which the family could not recover.
Harmison family
Charles Harmison was born in Franklin County, Illinois, to Nathaniel and Lydia Harmison, and married Bettie Ann Smith (1827–1903) on May 4, 1854, in Taylor County, West Virginia. Bettie, the daughter of C.C. and Martha W. Smith, was raised at Western View (their Fauquier County, Virginia, home). By 1867, Harmison and his family were living in Harrison County. His older brother had moved to Romney, where he established and operated the Virginia House hotel. In 1867, Charles Harmison's brother learned that the Parsons farm on the Collins Tract was for sale, and he advised Charles to buy it. Charles' wife, who wanted to live nearer to Virginia, also urged Charles to buy the property. Charles purchased the farm and he, his wife, their seven children, and a young African American boy named Snoden moved from Harrison County to Hampshire County in three days. They traveled on the Northwestern Turnpike in an ambulance Charles had bought after the war. Elizabeth Harmison named their new house and farm Valley View, which was influenced by the name of her childhood home, Western View, and the view of the South Branch Potomac River valley from their property.
Harmison prospered in Hampshire County, acquiring adjacent properties and enlarging his Valley View estate. He later gave his acquired lands to his children to establish their own homes when they married. His farm was further changed in 1884, when the B&O Railroad completed its South Branch line between the main B&O line at Green Spring and Romney Depot. The South Branch line bisected the small valley to the immediate east of the house, which became known as Depot Valley.
Charles Harmison died on October 31, 1896, after being thrown from a buggy. His son George Edward Harmison (1863–1916) inherited Valley View around 1903 and brought his wife, Carrie Belle Fox (1870–1953), there after their marriage on October 4, 1905. George demolished the old log kitchen at Valley View, replacing it with a contemporary one.
In June 1909, construction commenced on the Hampshire Southern Railroad between its northern terminus on the B&O Railroad's Romney Depot spur and the South Branch Potomac River within the bottomlands of George Harmison's farm. In October 1909, the first train on the Hampshire Southern line passed over Harmison's bottomlands and crossed the river on an unfinished trestle across the South Branch Potomac River. By 1910, the line from the Romney spur terminus at Valley View to McNeill was in operation. Later that year, freight and passenger service between Romney and Moorefield began, providing a direct rail link between Moorefield and the B&O Railroad main line at Green Spring. The Hampshire Southern Railroad Company operated this line until 1911, when it was purchased by the Moorefield and Virginia Railroad Company. Moorefield and Virginia transferred the rail line to the B&O Railroad Company in 1913, when it became part of the B&O's South Branch line.
In 1911, George Harmison subdivided the Valley View fields on the Yellow Banks overlooking the South Branch Potomac River. The new development, known as the Valley View Addition to Romney, was south of the Valley View house and west of Romney Depot. Twenty-one lots were sold at public auction on September 27, 1911, and several more were sold privately.
Harmison died in 1916, and Carrie continued to live at Valley View until her death on February 8, 1953. Harmison's nephew, Paul Cresap Harmison (1893–1972, a grandson of Charles Harmison's brother Jonathan Harmison), and his wife Nancy Parker Harmison (1896–1981) had moved to Valley View to live with her. After Carrie's death, Paul and Nancy Parker Harmison inherited the house and farm. Paul and Nancy's daughter Virginia Helen Harmison was married to Robert Esler in front of the fireplace in the home's living room on May 5, 1957. Valley View remained in the Harmison family until 1963, when it was sold to Philip Newell and his wife Martha.
Mayhew family
During its changes in ownership, the original Lot Number 20 of the South Branch Survey was repeatedly partitioned and sold. By 1976, the original property was divided into five farms and other parcels, including the Valley View Addition. The Valley View residence lies on a tract.
Valley View was purchased by Robert Mayhew's father and a business associate in 1979. Mayhew later bought the house from his father, and he and his wife Kim restored the residence and its grounds. In 1991, the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad began operating on the old B&O South Branch line, which bisects the bottomlands below Valley View.
After surveys of historic properties in the county, in 2008 the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission and the Hampshire County Commission began an initiative to place structures and districts on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The county received funding from the State Historic Preservation Office of the West Virginia Division of Culture and History to survey and document the structure's architecture and history. As a result of this initiative, Valley View was one of the first eight historic properties to be considered for placement on the register. The other seven were Capon Chapel, Fort Kuykendall, Hickory Grove, Hook Tavern, North River Mills Historic District, Old Pine Church and Springfield Brick House. The house at Valley View was listed on the NRHP on December 12, 2012.
Architecture
The house at Valley View is significant for its Greek Revival architectural elements. According to architectural historian Courtney Fint Zimmerman, "Valley View is a characteristic example of the Greek Revival style for more practical residential applications in outlying areas". The Valley View house has several Greek Revival design characteristics, including a symmetrical architectural plan and elevations and "substantial, formal" mass. Zimmerman (who prepared Valley View's registration form for the NRHP) said, "Valley View's applied details in the Greek Revival style, including the front entrance entablature and portico, are more limited, yet the variations that can be seen on Valley View and other estates in the South Branch Valley illustrate the flexibility inherent in the style". According to Zimmerman, large houses like Valley View served as the "centers" of the plantations that formed the "basis of the local economy and social life" in Hampshire County. Valley View was added to the NRHP as a locally significant example of Greek Revival architecture.
Valley View's house consists of the original 1855 brick section and a board-and-batten 1961–1962 kitchen addition. The grounds contain a smokehouse, a water well, the foundations of an ice house, and a summer kitchen.
The bricks from which the house was built were fired in the immediate vicinity (along the banks of the South Branch Potomac River), and the brick walls were reinforced with hand-wrought structural iron angles. The nails used in its construction were fabricated by a local blacksmith, and the wooden sills and joists were sawn by hand.
Exterior
Valley View's house is a two-story brick structure with a rectangular architectural plan and exterior dimensions measuring about . The house's exterior brick walls are thick and laid in an American bond. The house is topped with a steep metal gabled roof with standing seam profiles. Two sets of double inside chimneys extend above the steep roofline on the northwestern and southeastern ends.
The front façade of the house faces a hill to the southwest. It is five bays wide, with the front entrance at the first floor's center bay. Wide double-hung sash windows are uniformly placed on the house's front façade, with four nine-over-six double-hung wooden sashes on the first story and five six-over-six double-hung wooden sash windows on the second. Each window is surrounded by green-painted wooden shutters and white-painted wooden lintels and sills.
The front entrance is covered by a small Greek Revival portico measuring about , topped with a pediment supported by wooden Doric columns and engaged columns at the wall. The front porch is flanked by modest wooden handrails and balusters on its left and right sides. The front entrance is post and lintel (trabeated) construction, with a six-pane transom and two three-pane sidelight windows around the doorway. Zimmerman suggests that "Big Jim" Parsons embellished his home's front entrance to assert his "wealth and status" and provide "an honored welcome to visitors".
The rear façade of the house faces northeast, across the South Branch Potomac River valley toward Mill Creek Mountain. A two-story (double) wooden porch about deep extends across the rear of the house, topped by a shed roof extending from the main gabled roof at a shallower pitch. The first-story porch supports are brown wooden turned posts with no handrail or balusters, and the porch's second story has white painted square wood posts and vertical railings. Like the front façade, the rear façade is five bays wide; access to the double porch is through a door in the central bay on both levels. The other four bays have nine-over-six double-hung wooden sash windows on the first story and six-over-six double-hung wooden sash windows on the second story. The northwestern and southeastern sides of the house have one small square window at attic level, between each pair of inside chimneys.
Interior
The interior of the Valley View house has a two-room-deep, central-hallway floor plan. Its wide central hallway contains a staircase from the first floor to the attic, with a wooden handrail supported with square balusters and a modest wooden turned newel post. The ceilings are high. Although the house's foundation is low, the height of the interior walls and the full-sized attic make the house appear tall from the outside.
The original house has eight large rooms, each with a fireplace framed by a wooden geometric trabeated mantelpiece with classical elements. The four large rooms on the first floor open from either side of the center hallway. They contain simple wide wood trim, including skirting boards and door frame moldings with "subtly demarcated corners". The house's living and dining rooms have wide, wooden dado rails. Most of the wooden decorative trim is painted white, and the walls are plaster. The lone exception is the room serving as an office and den, which has dark stained wooden trim and interior brick structural walls (exposed by the removal of its plaster during the 1960s). All rooms have the original wide plank wooden floors. The second floor has four bedrooms, with closets on either side of a fireplace and simple wood skirting boards and door frames. Parsons family members painted signatures and graffiti in the attic around 1856, which remain visible on the stairwell wall.
Kitchen addition
A one-story kitchen addition, built in 1961–1962 and measuring about , extends from the northwest side of the original 1855 house. The addition has a gabled standing seam metal roof, and its exterior is covered in white-painted board-and-batten siding. It has a vinyl bay window on the southwest side, a one-over-one double-hung vinyl window on the northeast side and a door (adjoining the wall of the 1855 house) on the southeast side. An enclosed board-and-batten porch, measuring about , and a shed roof extend from the front (southwest) of the kitchen addition. The original basement under the 1855 house is accessible through this porch extension. A ghost building outline on the northwest side of the 1855 house indicates an earlier structure where the present kitchen addition stands.
Ancillary structures
There are several ancillary structures near the house at Valley View, including a smokehouse and a water well, and the foundations of an ice house and a summer kitchen. Although the smokehouse, the summer kitchen and the ice house are believed to have been built by the Collinses before Big Jim Parsons built Valley View, the dates of construction are uncertain.
The smokehouse, measuring about , is adjacent to the kitchen addition. It is set into a hillside, allowing at-grade entry to its two levels. Built of square-cut logs with white chinking atop a rubble masonry foundation, the smokehouse is topped with a standing seam metal gabled roof.
South of the smokehouse is the brick foundation of an ice house measuring about and topped by modern wooden pergola and patio structures. The brick foundation of Valley View's summer kitchen is north of the smokehouse and topped by a contemporary wooden pavilion with a gabled roof.
In the rear yard of the house is a water well, enclosed by a brick building about in area and in height. In the center of the well cap is a metal hand pump. Although the well cap's bricks are similar to those used in the construction of the main house, the well may date from an earlier residence on the site.
See also
List of historic sites in Hampshire County, West Virginia
List of plantations in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hampshire County, West Virginia
References
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
1855 establishments in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Romney, West Virginia
Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
Greek Revival houses in West Virginia
Houses completed in 1855
Houses in Hampshire County, West Virginia
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in West Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Hampshire County, West Virginia
Parsons family of West Virginia
Plantation houses in West Virginia
South Branch Valley Railroad |
Peter Sergeant (died 1714) was a merchant in Boston, Massachusetts, in the late 17th and early 18th century. Born in England, he later moved to Boston. He served as town constable in 1674, and as a Councillor 1692–1703 and 1707–1714. He was a member of the Third Church congregation attending services at the Cedar House and later at the Old South Meeting House. He was also associated with the New England Company. During the 1689 Boston revolt, he participated in the Committee of Safety that ousted governor Edmund Andros. In 1679, Sergeant built a large house on old Marlborough Street, and lived there for most of the rest of his life. He left briefly 1699–ca.1700, in order to accommodate royal governor Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont. (After 1716 the Sergeant House was known as the Province House). Sergeant married four times: to Elizabeth Corwin; to Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Shrimpton (1682–1700); to Mary Phips (1701–1706); and to Mehitable Cooper (1706–1714). His funeral was held on February 13, 1714; he is buried in the Granary Burying Ground.
References
1714 deaths
Colonial American merchants
People from colonial Boston
18th century in Boston
17th century in Boston
Year of birth unknown
Burials at Granary Burying Ground
English emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony |
The Copa Paz del Chaco (Spanish for Chaco Armistice Cup) is a football international friendly match between the Paraguayan and Bolivia national football teams, played since 1957.
History
The trophy was instituted jointly by the Paraguayan Football Association and the Bolivian Football Federation. Its name is a tribute to the armistice that the two countries signed in 1935, after the bloody war that claimed since 1932. The dispute has been irregular, the rules state that they must do two regular meetings in each capital.
The trophy was at stake ten times, with Paraguay winning 7 times and Bolivia 3 times.
The 2003 edition was the only one that took place with players under 23 years.
The last game played was on June 20, 2008, at the Ramón Tahuichi Aguilera Stadium in the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, the game ended tied.
Statistical summary
PG=Played games; W=Won games; T=Tied games; L=Lost games; GF=Goals for; GA=Goals against; DIF=Goals differences
References
Recurring sporting events established in 1957
Bolivia national football team
Paraguay national football team
International association football competitions hosted by Bolivia
International association football competitions hosted by Paraguay |
Megachile petulans is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Cresson in 1878.
References
Petulans
Insects described in 1878 |
John Vernon Sheardown (October 11, 1924 – December 30, 2012) was a Canadian diplomat who played a leading role in the "Canadian Caper". He and his wife Zena personally sheltered Americans hiding in Iran during the Iran hostage crisis.
Early life
Sheardown was born on October 11, 1924, in Sandwich, Ontario (now Windsor, Ontario).
At the age of 18, he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Air Force and piloted an Avro Lancaster heavy bomber in World War II, surviving having to bail out over England returning from a mission. He remained in the military after the war and also served in Korea.
He later worked for the Canadian immigration service, beginning around 1962, then in the foreign service for 27 years, retiring in 1989.
Canadian Caper
On November 4, 1979, the Iran hostage crisis began; 52 American diplomats and civilians were taken hostage by Iranians in Tehran. At the time, Sheardown was the chief immigration officer, the second-ranking official at the Canadian Embassy there.
A group of five Americans had escaped capture. After hiding for six days, one of them, Robert Anders, telephoned Sheardown, a friend he had played tennis with, for help. Sheardown immediately contacted his superior, Ambassador Ken Taylor, who apprised the Canadian government. Approval was quickly given. Sheardown and his wife Zena hid three of the Americans (Anders and married couple Cora Amburn-Lijek and Mark Lijek) in their rented 20-room home for 79 days at great personal risk, while Taylor sheltered two others (couple Joseph and Kathleen Stafford). On November 27, Taylor received a call from the Swedish ambassador Kaj Sundberg, asking him to take in American Lee Schatz. Schatz had been staying with a Swedish diplomat, but the Swedish ambassador felt he could better impersonate a Canadian. Taylor agreed, and placed Schatz in the Sheardown residence. The Sheardowns left Tehran days before the CIA smuggled the six Americans out of the country under fake Canadian passports on January 27, 1980.
For his part in the Canadian Caper, Sheardown was made a member of the Order of Canada. He lobbied for his wife, ineligible as a British citizen who had never lived in Canada, to be awarded the same honour, which she received in 1981 on an honorary basis through the intervention of Flora MacDonald. (She later became a full member after becoming a Canadian citizen.)
John and Zena Sheardown were portrayed in the 1981 Canadian-American television movie Escape from Iran: The Canadian Caper by Chris Wiggins and Diana Barrington, respectively. After the big-budget Hollywood movie Argo about the Canadian Caper was released in 2012, director Ben Affleck called to personally apologize to the Sheardowns for having to leave them out due to plot and time constraints, stating in a later interview, "It really did break my heart a bit."
Personal life and death
Sheardown was married twice. He and his first wife, Kathleen Benson, divorced. He was married to his second wife, Zena Khan, from 1975 until his death in Ottawa on December 30, 2012. He had battled Alzheimer's disease and other ailments. He was also survived by two sons, Robin and John Jr.; daughter Jacqueline; and various grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
References
1924 births
2012 deaths
Canadian diplomats
Canadian expatriates
Expatriates in Iran
Canadian military personnel of the Korean War
Canadian World War II pilots
Iran hostage crisis
Members of the Order of Canada
People with Alzheimer's disease
Royal Canadian Air Force personnel of World War II |
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Pushing to a remote branch
Fetching a remote branch
What is rebasing?
The golden rule of rebasing
Cherry-pick a commit
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Andrea Strnadová successfully defended her title, defeating Kirrily Sharpe in the final, 6–2, 6–4 to win the girls' singles tennis title at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships.
Seeds
Naoko Sawamatsu (quarterfinals)
Carrie Cunningham (second round, withdrew)
Magdalena Maleeva (quarterfinals)
Anke Huber (semifinals)
Kristin Godridge (quarterfinals)
Kirrily Sharpe (final)
Andrea Strnadová (champion)
Noëlle van Lottum (semifinals)
Barbara Rittner (third round)
Erika deLone (third round)
Yael Segal (third round)
Nicole Pratt (third round)
Karina Habšudová (second round)
Wang Shi-ting (second round)
Silvia Farina (quarterfinals)
María José Gaidano (second round)
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
References
External links
Girls' Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Girls' singles |
Tariq ut-tahqiq is one of the books attributed to Hakim Sanai Ghaznavi. This is The old Persian mystical poetry book from year 528 AH in Masnavi form. This book was published in Persian by Mohammad Taghi Modarres Razavi under the name "Masnavi of Sanai" in 1969 with association of the University of Tehran Press.
Sample poem
For example, a poem called Litany from this book translated to english as follows:
See also
Hadiqat al Haqiqa
Seir al-Ebad elal-Ma'ad
Karnameye Balkh
Karname-ye Ardeshir-e Babakan
Matigan-i Hazar Datistan
Sheikh San'Aan
References
External links
Tariq ut-tahqiq on Amazon
SANĀʾI on iranicaonline
Sanai's books on Goodreads
Hakim Sanai Poems
Sanai works |
Varni is a village in Haapsalu municipality, Lääne County, in western Estonia. Prior to the 2017 administrative reform of local governments, it was located in Ridala Parish.
References
Villages in Lääne County |
Tmesisternus ochraceosignatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.
References
ochraceosignatus
Beetles described in 1939 |
Aira is one of the Aanaas in the Oromia of Ethiopia. It is part of the West Welega Zone. It was separated from former Aira Gulliso woreda in November 1999. It is bounded by Gulliso in the north, Yubdo in southeast and Kelem Wollega Zone in the south and west. Aira is the administrative center.
Demographics
The 2007 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 47,537 in 9,293 households, of whom 23,470 were men and 24,067 were women; 6,079 or 12.79% of its population were urban dwellers. The majority of the inhabitants observed Protestantism, with 88.37% reporting that as their religion, while 6.96% observed Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and 4.42% were Muslim.
Notes
Districts of Oromia Region |
Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2 (or Baby Geniuses 2: Superbabies or Baby Geniuses 2) is a 2004 American family comedy film directed by Bob Clark and written by Gregory Poppen, from a story by Steven Paul. The sequel to the 1999 film Baby Geniuses, it stars Jon Voight, Scott Baio, and Vanessa Angel. Following the events of the first film, four babies can communicate with each other using baby talk and have knowledge of many secrets. The baby geniuses become involved in a scheme by media mogul Bill Biscane, later revealed to be known as Kane, who kidnaps children everywhere. Helping the geniuses is a legendary super-baby named Kahuna who stops Biscane's plots and saves children from being kidnapped by Biscane and his minions. He joins up with several other babies in an attempt to stop Biscane, who intends to use a state-of-the-art satellite system to control the world's population by brainwashing them and forcing people to not be active and watch TV for the rest of their lives.
Like its predecessor, Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2 was panned by audiences and critics alike and is often regarded as one of the worst films of all time. It was a box-office bomb, earning less than half its budget back and was nominated at the 25th Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Picture. It is the final film Bob Clark directed before his death in 2007. Three direct-to-video sequels followed the film, Baby Geniuses and the Mystery of the Crown Jewels (2013), Baby Geniuses and the Treasure of Egypt (2014), Baby Geniuses and the Space Baby (2015), with Voight appearing as various characters throughout the series.
Plot
The film starts with a group of babies in a daycare center. Archie, the cousin of Sly and Whit from the first Baby Geniuses, tells his friends, Finkleman, Alex, and Rosita, a story about Kahuna, his distant relative. He says Kahuna is a super baby with super strength and seemingly doesn't age, and he once rescued a group of children from an evil orphanage at the Berlin Wall run by a villainous overseer Adolf Hitler.
Back in the present day, Archie's father Stan Bobbins, Dan Bobbins's brother, who runs the daycare and a chain just like them, allows his center to be used as a filming location by the now TV mogul Biscane/Kane, who is starting up his own TV channel. Archie and the other babies sneak into Stan's office and decide to research Biscane but are caught. Archie overhears Biscane's helpers talking about their plan, accidentally attracting their attention, but he is rescued by Kahuna. Kylie the babysitter takes them all out to the children's museum, but Biscane's helpers accidentally knock their disc into the stroller. After a pursuit, Kahuna rescues them all; he then takes them all to his base. Kahuna transforms the babies into "superbabies": Archie is Baby Courageous, Alex is Bouncing Boy, Rosita is Cupid Girl, and Finkleman is Brain Boy.
Later, Archie eavesdrops on Kylie and Zach, Kahuna's helper; Zack tells her that Kahuna's father was a scientist and developed a formula for a potion. Kahuna enters the lab, and a mysterious person tries to drink the potion but accidentally chucks it when a storm breaks through the window. It lands and Kahuna drinks it, transforming him into a super baby. Kahuna's brother became jealous and annoyed at his brother, whom his friends call a freak. When the father died, Kahuna was put into an orphanage; after escaping, he set out to rescue babies and children everywhere.
The next day, Zack and Kylie find the disc that fell in the stroller earlier. The disc contains a clip of the program that is to be aired on Biscane's TV channel, followed by seemingly random code; they realize that Biscane is up to no good. The group spies on Biscane as he prepares to launch his channel, but Kahuna figures out that Biscane plans to take over the world through his TV channel by hypnotizing kids to never go outside, so he attacks the broadcast satellites, which causes him to disappear.
The babies decide to become their super alter egos to save Kahuna. With Stan, Archie's mom, Kylie, and Zack with them, they return to Kahuna's hideout and become Bounce Boy, Cupid Girl, Brain Boy, and Courageous Boy. After having escaped his prison, Kahuna arrives, followed by Biscane and his goons. Biscane manages to get the disc he needs and begins to air the hypnotic clip on TV. Biscane then reveals the truth that he is actually Kahuna's jealous older brother, and is revealed to be the person who tried to drink the potion. The babies then knock Biscane into Kahuna's machine which unlocks a person's true self with the push of a button. However, upon activating it he is surprisingly turned into a baby, to his despair, and argues with his assistant over who gets to change his diapers. Kahuna reverses Biscane's TV clip and all the children decide to run and play outside. Kahuna tells Archie that he must leave and retire and though they'll always be friends. Kahuna leaves in his flying vehicle, waving at him and saying he'll always be a hero.
Cast
Production
Jon Voight, co-executive producer for the first film, hinted a sequel in March 1999. The film was announced as part of Crystal Sky and producing partner Jon Voight's development slate in May 2000 with the working title, Baby Geniuses 2: The Return of the Big Kahuna.
Reception
Box office
Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2 opened theatrically on August 27, 2004, in 1,276 venues, earning $3,251,856 in its opening weekend, ranking number eleven in the domestic box office. At the end of its run, on October 3, the film grossed $9,219,388 domestically and $229,256 overseas for a worldwide total of $9,448,644. Having an estimated $20 million budget, the film was a box office bomb.
Critical response
Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale, the same grade earned by its predecessor.
Dave Kehr, in his New York Times review, said that the film was "not so much Look Who's Talking as Look Who's Walloping", and noted that the problem with the villain's "plan is that it is already in effect and endorsed by the FCC. It is called commercials." Writing for The Washington Post, Michael O'Sullivan stated, "The action sequences are phony-looking; the dialogue sounds largely improvised on the fly; the laughs are few and far between; and the acting ... is, to put it kindly, wooden."
Awards
Home media
The film was released on DVD and VHS on January 4, 2005.
See also
List of films considered the worst
List of films with a 0% rating on Rotten Tomatoes
References
External links
2004 films
2000s English-language films
2000s science fiction comedy films
American children's comedy films
American science fiction comedy films
Child superheroes
2000s children's fantasy films
Crystal Sky Pictures films
Films scored by Paul Zaza
Films about babies
Films directed by Bob Clark
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Vancouver
Triumph Films films
2004 comedy films
2000s American films |
Carlson Hall at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States was built during 1937–38. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, and was a part of the campus until it was demolished in 2012.
Description
The buildings is significant as one of only two historic women's dormitories in Utah, and as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project. It was built after a "three-decade long struggle to have a women's dormitory constructed" at the University of Utah, initiated by Lucy M. Van Cott, Dean of Women at the university for 25 years. The cause was supported by the Utah Federation of Women's Clubs, who lobbied the state legislature for a bill to provide funding, but that bill failed to pass in 1913.
It was eventually funded by an estate gift of $121,000 from Mary P. Carlson, plus $90,000 of WPA funding.
For many years, Carlson Hall housed the University of Utah's History Department, and in its final years it was used for office and classroom space by the S.J. Quinney College of Law. In Summer 2012, Carlson Hall was demolished to make way for a new expanded home for the College of Law.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Salt Lake City
References
External links
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
Renaissance Revival architecture in Utah
School buildings completed in 1938
Buildings and structures in Salt Lake City
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Utah
Works Progress Administration in Utah
National Register of Historic Places in Salt Lake City |
Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) is an approach used mainly in developing countries to improve sanitation and hygiene practices in a community. The approach tries to achieve behavior change in mainly rural people by a process of "triggering", leading to spontaneous and long-term abandonment of open defecation practices. It focuses on spontaneous and long-lasting behavior change of an entire community. The term "triggering" is central to the CLTS process: It refers to ways of igniting community interest in ending open defecation, usually by building simple toilets, such as pit latrines. CLTS involves actions leading to increased self-respect and pride in one's community. It also involves shame and disgust about one's own open defecation behaviors. CLTS takes an approach to rural sanitation that works without hardware subsidies and that facilitates communities to recognize the problem of open defecation and take collective action to clean up and become "open defecation free".
The concept was developed around the year 2000 by Kamal Kar for rural areas in Bangladesh. CLTS became an established approach around 2011. Non-governmental organizations were often in the lead when CLTS was first introduced in a country. Local governments may reward communities by certifying them with "open defecation free" (ODF) status. The original concept of CLTS purposefully did not include subsidies for toilets as they might hinder the process.
CLTS is practiced in at least 53 countries. CLTS has been adapted to the urban context. It has also been applied to post-emergency and fragile states settings.
Challenges associated with CLTS include the risk of human rights infringements within communities, low standards for toilets, and concerns about usage rates in the long-term. CLTS is in principle compatible with a human rights based approach to sanitation but there are bad practice examples in the name of CLTS. More rigorous coaching of CLTS practitioners, government public health staff and local leaders on issues such as stigma, awareness of social norms and pre-existing inequalities are important. People who are disadvantaged should benefit from CLTS programmes as effectively as those who are not disadvantaged.
Definitions
Open defecation is the practice of defecating out in the open, rather than using a toilet.
"Open defecation free" (ODF) is a central term for community-led total sanitation (CLTS) programs. It primarily means the eradication of open defecation in the entire community. However, ODF can also include the additional criteria, such as:
Household latrines or toilets are hygienic, provide the safe containment of feces, offer privacy and a roof to protect the user, have a lid to cover the hole, or a water seal for toilets.
All household members and all members of the community use these latrines or toilets.
A handwashing facility with water, soap or ash is nearby and used regularly.
Even more stringent criteria which may be required before a community is awarded "ODF status" might include:
Safe drinking water and storage.
Food hygiene.
Greywater disposal.
Solid waste management.
Provision of toilets for schools, markets, clinic or visitors to the community.
Aims and rationale
CLTS focuses on community-wide behavioural change, rather than merely toilet construction. The process raises the awareness that as long as even a minority continues to defecate in the open, everyone is at risk of disease. CLTS uses community-led methods, such as participatory mapping and analyzing pathways between feces and the mouth (fecal–oral transmission of disease), as a means of teaching the risks associated with OD.
The concept originally focused mainly on provoking shame and disgust about open defecation. It also involved actions leading to increased self-respect and pride in one's community. With time, CLTS evolved away from provoking negative emotions to educating people about how open defecation increases the risk of disease. Currently, CLTS triggering events focus more on promoting self-respect and pride.
CLTS shifted the focus on personal responsibility and low-cost solutions. CLTS aims to totally stop open defecation within a community rather than facilitating improved sanitation only to selected households. Combined with hygiene education, the approach aims to make the entire community realise the severe health impacts of open defecation. Since individual carelessness may affect the entire community, pressure on each person becomes stronger to follow sanitation principles such as using sanitary toilets, washing hands, and practising good hygiene. To introduce sanitation even in the poorest households, low-cost toilets are promoted, constructed with local materials. The purchase of the facility is not subsidised, so that every household must finance its own toilets.
Use or non-use of subsidies
Prior to CLTS, most traditional sanitation programs relied on the provision of subsidies for the construction of latrines and hygiene education. Under this framework, the subsidised facilities were expensive and often did not reach all members of a community. In addition, the subsidies may have reduced the feeling of personal responsibility for the toilets.
The original concept of CLTS did not include subsidies for toilets. CLTS proponents at that time believed that provoking behavior change in the people alone would be sufficient to lead them to take ownership of their own sanitation situation, including paying for and constructing their own toilets. This was not always the case.
Kamal Kar and Robert Chambers stated in their 2008 CLTS Handbook:
In time, NGOs and governments began to see the value of the approach and ran their own schemes in various countries, some with less aversion to subsidies than Kamal Kar.
Phases
Pre-triggering
Pre-triggering is the process by which communities are assessed to be suitable for CLTS intervention. This involves visits and a number of different criteria, which are used to identify communities likely to respond well to triggering. During pre-triggering, facilitators introduce themselves to community members and begin to build a relationship.
Triggering
A tool called "triggering" is used to propel people into taking action. This takes place over a day with a team of facilitators. The team visits a community which is identified as practicing open defecation and encourages villagers to become aware of their own sanitation situation. This aims to cause disgust in participants, and the facilitators help participants to plan appropriate sanitation facilities.
Using the term "shit" (or other locally used crude words) during triggering events or presentations – rather than feces or excreta – is a deliberate aspect of the CLTS approach, as it is meant to be a practical, straight forward approach rather than a theoretical, academic conversation.
The "CLTS Handbook" from 2008 states that there is no "one way" of doing triggering in CLTS. A rough sequence of steps is given in this handbook which could be followed. Facilitators are encouraged to modify and change activities depending on the local situation.
The UNICEF manual approved for use of CLTS in Sierra Leone suggests the following steps for the triggering process:
Visit the community, emphasising the purpose of learning about their sanitation situation
Facilitate "Kaka Mapping" – drawing a map of important locations in the village, then adding common sites for defecation
Pretend to leave
Facilitate a "Walk of Shame" to sites with frequent Open Defecation
Collect a piece of feces in a bag
Put feces on the ground where all present can see it, and discuss how flies move between food and feces
Wait for the shocked realization that the community is indirectly eating each other's feces
Put some feces into a water bottle and ask if anyone would drink it
Calculate how much feces is produced each day and ask where it goes
Ignition (see below)
Wait for the emergence of "Natural Leaders" to work with in order to develop a plan of action.
The "ignition" phase occurs when the community becomes convinced that there is a real sanitation problem, and motivated to do something about it. Natural Leaders are members of the community who are engaged by the process, and able to drive change.
The goal of the triggering process is to let people see the problem first-hand, thereby evoking disgust. However, it has been reported that communities which respond favorably tend to be motivated more by improved health, dignity, and pride than by shame or disgust.
Post-triggering
After a positive response to the ignition phase, NGO facilitators work with communities to deliver sanitation services by providing information and guidance relevant to the local situation.
There are many challenges that occur in the post-triggering phase. These are mainly related to the supply of durable and affordable latrine hardware and technical support on latrine construction. Toilet owners may need advice how to upgrade and improve sanitation and handwashing facilities using local materials.
Applications and scale
Millions of people worldwide have benefitted from CLTS which has resulted reductions in open defecation and increases in latrine coverage in many rural communities. Practitioners have declared many villages as "ODF villages", where ODF stands for "open defecation free".
CLTS is practiced in at least 53 countries. CLTS has spread throughout Bangladesh and to many other Asian and African countries with financial support from the Water and Sanitation Program of the World Bank, DFID, Plan International, WaterAid, CARE, UNICEF and SNV. Large INGOs and many national NGOs have also been involved. Many governments have in the meantime initiated CLTS processes or made it a matter of national policy.
Community-led Total Sanitation as an idea had grown beyond its founder and is now often being run in slightly different ways, e.g. in India, Pakistan, Philippines, Nepal, Sierra Leone and Zambia. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were often in the lead when CLTS was first introduced in a country. India was an exception – here the government led the somewhat similar "Total Sanitation Campaign" which has been turned into the "Clean India Mission" or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan in 2014.
CLTS as an idea now has many supporters around the world, with Robert Chambers, co-writer of the CLTS Foundation Handbook, describing it this way:
The Institute of Development Studies (IDS) coordinated research programme on CLTS since about 2007 and regards it as a "radically different approach to rural sanitation in developing countries which has shown promising successes where traditional rural sanitation programmes have failed".
Today there are many NGOs and research institutes with an interest in CLTS, including for example the CLTS Knowledge Hub of the Institute of Development Studies, the CLTS Foundation led by Kamal Kar, The World Bank, Wateraid, Plan USA and the Water Institute at UNC, SNV from the Netherlands and UNICEF.
Applications to urban situations, schools and other settings
Since about 2016, CLTS has been adapted to the urban context. For example, in Kenya the NGOs Plan and Practical Action have implemented a form of urban CLTS. CLTS has also been used in schools and the surrounding communities, which is referred to as "school-led total sanitation". The school children act as messengers of change to households.
CLTS has also been applied to post-emergency and fragile states settings. There has been some experience with this in Haiti, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Philippines and Indonesia. In 2014, UNICEF reported positive outcomes with CLTS in fragile and insecure contexts, namely in Somalia and South Sudan.
People who are disadvantaged should benefit from CLTS programmes as effectively as those who are not disadvantaged. This is referred to as equality and nondiscrimination (EQND).
Effectiveness
To be successful in the longer term, CLTS should be treated as part of a larger WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) strategy rather than as a singular solution to changing behavior.
A systematic review of 200 studies concluded in 2018 that the evidence base on CLTS effectiveness is still weak. This means that practitioners, policy makers, and program managers have little available evidence to inform their actions.
There is currently a lack of scientific review about the effectiveness of CLTS, although this has been changing since 2015. A study in 2012 reviewed reports by NGOs and practitioners and found that there was little review of the impact of local Natural Leaders, that anecdotes were used without assessing impacts, and that claims were made without supporting evidence. It concluded that these kinds of reports focus on the 'triggering' stage of CTLS instead of the measurable outcomes. A peer-reviewed article considered the sustainability of CLTS in the longer term: It found that there was little monitoring or evaluation of the impacts of CLTS, even though large international organizations were involved in funding the process.
Reviews about the effectiveness of CLTS to eliminate open defecation, reduce diarrhea and other gastrointestinal diseases, and decrease stunting in children are currently underway. In some cases, CLTS has been compared with India's Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) when assessing the effectiveness of the approach. However, this comparison may be invalid, as the presence of subsidies in the TSC process may fundamentally change the effectiveness of the CLTS process.
One small study compared different CLTS programmes. Participants from NGOs involved in delivering CLTS reported that although they included some of the activities described in the guidance materials, they often omitted some and included others depending on the local situation. Some reported that subsidies were included, and some offered specific design and construction options.
A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Mali conducted during 2011 to 2013 found that CLTS with no monetary subsidies did not affect diarrhea incidences, but substantially increased child growth (thereby reducing stunting), particularly in children under two years of age.
Challenges and difficulties
Human rights
The CLTS behavioral change process is based on the use of shame. This is meant to promote collective consciousness-raising of the severe impacts of open defecation and trigger shock and self-awareness when participants realize the implications of their actions. The triggering process can however infringe the human rights of recipients, even if this was not intended by those promoting CLTS. There have been cases of fines (monetary and non-monetary), withholding of entitlements, public taunting, posting of humiliating pictures and even violence. In some cases CLTS successes might be based on coercion only. On the other hand, CLTS is in principle compatible with a human rights based approach to sanitation but there are bad practice examples in the name of CLTS. More rigorous coaching of CLTS practitioners, government public health officials and local leaders on issues such as stigma, awareness of social norms and pre-existing inequalities are important.
Catarina de Alburquerque, the former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Water and Sanitation, is quoted as saying that "Observers have also recognized that incentives for encouraging behavior change and the construction of latrines are sometimes unacceptable, and include public shaming, including photographing, of those who still practice open defecation."
More debate is still needed regarding humans rights consequences of post-triggering punitive measures.
Toilet standards and toilet types
CLTS does not specify technical standards for toilets. This is a benefit in terms of keeping the costs of constructing toilets very low and allowing villagers to start building their own toilets immediately. However, it can produce two problems: first in flood plains or areas near water tables, poorly constructed latrines are likely to contaminate the water table and thus represent little improvement. Second, long-term use of sanitation facilities is related to the pleasantness of the facilities, but dirty overflowing pits are unlikely to be utilised in the longer term. A related issue here is that CLTS does not address the issue of latrine emptying services or where they exist, how they dispose of waste. This has led some researchers to say that the success of CLTS is largely down to the cultural suitability of the way it is delivered and the degree to which supply-side constraints are addressed.
If villagers do not know about alternative toilet options (like urine-diverting dry toilets or composting toilets), and are not told about these options by the facilitators of the CLTS process, they may opt for pour flush pit latrines even in situations where groundwater pollution is a significant problem.
Reuse of treated excreta as fertiliser
Feces are given a strong negative connotation in the CLTS approach. This can cause confusion for villagers who are already using treated human excreta as a fertiliser in agriculture and can, in fact, discourage the reuse of human excreta.
Long-term usage rates (sustainability)
There is also concern about the number of people who go back to open-defecation some months after having been through the CLTS process. A Plan Australia study from 2013 investigated that 116 villages were considered Open Defecation Free (ODF) following CLTS across several countries in Africa. After two years, 87% of the 4960 households had fully functioning latrines – but these were considered the most basic and none of the communities had moved up the sanitation ladder. 89% of households had no visible excreta in the vicinity, but only 37% had handwashing facilities present. When broader criteria for declaring communities ODF was used, an overall "slippage rate" of 92% was found. Some researchers suggest that this means support is needed to support communities to upgrade facilities in ODF villages which have been triggered by CLTS.
A study in 2018 has found little evidence for sustained sanitation behavior change as a result of CLTS.
History
In 1999 and 2000, Kamal Kar was working in a village called Mosmoil in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, and decided that a system of attitudinal changes by villagers might have a longer-lasting effect than the existing top-down approach involving subsidies from NGOs and government. The Bangladeshi government began a programme of installing expensive latrines in the 1970s, but the government decided this was too costly, and many of the original latrines were abandoned. In the 1990s, a social mobilisation plan was begun to encourage people to demand and install better sanitation systems, but early success did not last, according to Kar. At that point Kar, a participatory development expert from India, was brought in by Wateraid and he concluded that the problem with previous approaches was that local people had not "internalised" the demand for sanitation. He suggested a new approach: abandoning subsidies and appealing to the better nature of villagers and their sense of self-disgust to bring about change. The CLTS Foundation is the organisation set up by Kar to promote these ideas.
It eventually became standard practice for NGOs to leave the community quite soon after "triggering" activities. When communities took the lead, change in sanitation practices was more longer term and sustainable.
See also
Ecopsychology
Orangi Pilot Project
Self-supply of water and sanitation
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)
WASH (Water, sanitation and hygiene)
References
External links
CLTS Knowledge Hub at Institute for Development Studies (IDS) in the UK
CLTS Foundation by Kamal Kar
Publications on CTLS in the library of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance (SuSanA)
Testing CLTS Approaches for Scalability
Rural community development
Sewerage
Sanitation |
A restricted-access barrier system (RABS) is an installation which is used in many industries, such as pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, electrical engineering where a controlled atmosphere is needed. The RABS provides a physical barrier between workers and production areas.
See also
Clean room
References
Filters
Perimeter security
Security |
Sudhindra Tirtha (1596 - 1623) was a Dvaita philosopher of aesthetics, dramatist and the pontiff of the matha at Kumbakonam. Unlike his predecessors who mainly dealt with polemics and theology, most of his written works deal with Kavya (poetry), Alankara (figure of speech) and Nataka (drama), which is considered unique in history of Dvaita literature. He is also notable as a disciple of Vijayendra Tirtha, engaging in scholarly debates across the subcontinent and for mentoring Raghavendra Tirtha who succeeded him as the pontiff of the matha at Kumbakonam. Regarding his oeuvre in the context of Dvaita literature, Sharma notes "he was left us works of real merit, which stand out like oases in the dreary desert of theological writings". His works are characterised by alliterations, elegance and simplicity.
Life
Information about his life mainly comes from Raghavendra Vijaya by Narayanacharya. Nothing is known about his early life. He served as a disciple of Vijayendra Tirtha whom he later succeeded as the pontiff of the matha at Kumbakonam in 1596. The text speaks of Sudhindra receiving patronage by the rulers Venkatapati Raya of Vijayanagara and Raghunatha Nayaka of Tanjavur indicating his influence and respectability as a holy man. There are records of him inducting Goud Saraswat Brahmin families of Cochin to the precepts of Dvaita and installing an idol of Venkateswara for their utility, implying his popularity among the people of that particular sect. Raghavendra Vijaya speaks of Sudhindra mentoring and grooming the young Venkatanatha (known later as Raghavendra Tirtha) to take up the mantle of sannyasa and succeed him as the pontiff. Sudhindra died in 1623 and his mortal remains are enshrined in Navabrindavana in Hampi.
Works
Among his non-extant works is a commentary on Vyasatirtha's Tarkatandava called Sadyuktiratnakara, a commentary on Bhagavata Purana and a work on aesthetics entitled Madhudhara. Alamkara Manjari is a manual of figures of speech and metaphors. In the context of Indian poetics, alamkara can be translated to "literary ornamentation". Sudhindra demonstrates the aspects of alamkara by making his guru, Vijayendra, the subject of ornamentation and praise. His Alamkara Nikasa is a work of similar nature of enumerating and expanding upon different alamkaras. Views of different philosophers on the elements of Indian aesthetics such as rasa and kavya are consolidated and expanded upon. Sahitya Samrajya is a commentary on the original by Krsna Yajvan, who was a philosopher of poetics in the Tanjore court. The work is unique in the history of Dvaita literature in that, Sharma notes, "a Madhva ascetic and pontiff of Sudhindra's standing, should have come forward to comment on the work of a layman and a Smartha, laying aside all considerations of pontifical prestige and religious difference". Damaged fragments of a drama entitled Subhadra Dhananjya has been ascribed to him.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Dvaita Vedanta
Madhva religious leaders
Dvaitin philosophers
Bhakti movement
Scholars from Karnataka
17th-century Indian scholars
Indian Hindu monks |
Dhooska or Dhuska is a popular deep-fried snack eaten all over Jharkhand and Bihar, India. The dish is one of the delicacy of Jharkhandi cuisine. The main ingredients in this savoury fried bread dish are powdered rice, powdered chana dal. The bread is then deep fried. It is often served with any sauce or chutney. Dhooska is mostly made in market-area stalls where people enjoy it as a snack and is rarely found in larger restaurants.
See also
Chhilka Roti
Pitha
References
Indian snack foods
Fried foods |
Clarysville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Allegany County, Maryland, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 73.
It is located along U.S. Route 40 Alternate at its intersection with Maryland Route 55. Frostburg is to the west, and Cumberland is to the east along Route 40 Alt.
Clarysville was known around the region for the Clarysville Inn, a historic building which stood from 1807 until it burned in 1999. During the American Civil War, the inn served as a military hospital, treating wounded soldiers.
The exit of the Hoffman drainage tunnel, constructed to drain several coal mines, is near Clarysville.
Demographics
References
Census-designated places in Allegany County, Maryland
Census-designated places in Maryland
Populated places in the Cumberland, MD-WV MSA
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA |
Jonathan Arnold Hammond (1891 – 1980) was an English footballer.
Career
Hammond played for Butt Lane Star before joining Port Vale in the summer of 1914. He made his debut in the Staffordshire Senior Cup semi-finals, in a 3–3 draw with Birmingham Reserves on 16 November 1914. He became the regular keeper for the club in November 1917 and held on to the #1 jersey until new signing Alfred Bourne took the number 1 spot as the club were re-elected to the English Football League in October 1919. Hammond featured in two Second Division games in 1919–20 and four in 1920–21. During his time at The Old Recreation Ground, Hammond played 48 war league, 11 war cup, 9 Central League, and 2 Staffs Cup games before being released in summer 1921.
Career statistics
Source:
References
1891 births
1980 deaths
Footballers from Burslem
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Port Vale F.C. players
English Football League players |
Continuous auditing is an automatic method used to perform auditing activities, such as control and risk assessments, on a more frequent basis. Technology plays a key role in continuous audit activities by helping to automate the identification of exceptions or anomalies, analyze patterns within the digits of key numeric fields, review trends, and test controls, among other activities.
The "continuous" aspect of continuous auditing and reporting refers to the real-time or near real-time capability for financial information to be checked and shared. Not only does it indicate that the integrity of information can be evaluated at any given point of time, it also means that the information is able to be verified constantly for errors, fraud, and inefficiencies. It is the most detailed audit.
Each instance of continuous auditing has its own pulse. The time frame selected for evaluation depends largely on the frequency of updates within the accounting information systems. Analysis of the data may be performed continuously, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, etc. depending on the nature of the underlying business cycle for a given assertion.
Background
The objective of financial reporting is to provide information that is useful to management and stakeholders for resource allocation decisions. For financial information to be useful, it should be timely and free from material errors, omissions, and fraud. In the real-time economy, timely and reliable financial information is critical for day-to-day business decisions regarding strategic planning, capital acquisition, credit decisions, supplier partnerships, and so forth. Advances in accounting information systems such as the advent of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have enabled the generation of real time information. However, the practice of traditional auditing has not kept pace with the real time economy. Traditional manual audit procedures are labor and time intensive, which limits audit frequency to a periodic basis, such as annually.
These time and effort constraints can be alleviated through the use of technology and automation. Continuous auditing enhances the delivery of auditing services by making the audit process more efficient and effective through the use of technology and automation. The increased efficiency and effectiveness of the audit process enables more frequent or real time audits and hence enhances the reliability of the underlying information.
History
The first application of continuous auditing was developed at AT&T Bell Laboratories in 1989. Known as a continuous process auditing system (CPAS), the system developed by Miklos Vasarhelyi and Halper provided measurement, monitoring, and analysis of the company's billing information. Here key concepts such as metrics, analytics, and alarms pertaining to financial information were also introduced.
Components
Continuous auditing is made up of three main parts: continuous data assurance (CDA), continuous controls monitoring (CCM), and continuous risk monitoring and assessment (CRMA).
Continuous data assurance
Continuous data assurance verifies the integrity of data flowing through the information systems. Continuous data assurance uses software to extract data from IT systems for analysis at the transactional level to provide more detailed assurance. CDA systems provide the ability to design expectation models for analytical procedures at the business-process level, as opposed to the current practice of relying on ratio or trend analysis at higher levels of data aggregation. CDA software can continuously and automatically monitor transactions, comparing their generic characteristics with predetermined benchmarks, thereby identifying anomalous situations. When significant discrepancies occur, alarms are triggered and routed to appropriate stakeholders and auditors.
Continuous controls monitoring
Continuous controls monitoring consists of a set of procedures used for monitoring the functionality of internal controls. CCM relies on automatic procedures, presuming that both the controls themselves and the monitoring procedures are formal or able to be formalized. CCM can be used for monitoring access control and authorizations, system configurations, and business process settings.
CDA and CCM are complementary processes. Neither process is self-sufficient or comprehensive. Even if no data faults are found it cannot be concluded that controls are fail-safe. Further, even if controls are being implemented, data integrity cannot be assumed. When combined, however, these monitoring approaches present a more complete reliance picture.
Continuous risk monitoring and assessment
Continuous risk monitoring and assessment is used to dynamically measure risk and provide input for audit planning. CRMA is a real-time integrated risk assessment approach, aggregating data across different functional tasks in organizations to assess risk exposures and provide reasonable assurance on the firms' risk assessments.
Black box logging
In addition to the aforementioned three components, the black box audit log file is also an important part of continuous auditing. This file can be viewed as an extension of the existing practice of documenting audit activities in manual or automated work papers. A black box log file is a read-only, third-party controlled record of the actions of auditors. The objective of black box logging is to protect a continuous auditing system against auditor and management manipulations.
Continuous reporting
Continuous reporting is the release of financial and non-financial information on a real-time or near real-time basis. The purpose of continuous reporting is to allow external parties access to information as underlying events take place, rather than waiting for end-of-period reports. The adoption of XBRL by companies makes the release of continuous reporting information more feasible. Continuous reporting also benefits users under Regulation Fair Disclosure.
Continuous reporting is a point of constant debate. Some parties, including analysts and investors, are interested in knowing how a company is doing at a given point in time. They argue that near real-time information would provide them with the ability to take advantage of important business moves as they happen. However, opponents are skeptical of how the raw information can be useful and fear information overload, or that there would be too much irrelevant information out there. Additionally, some companies are fearful that continuously reported financial information would give away important strategic moves and undermine competitive advantage.
Implementation
Generally, the implementation of continuous auditing consists of six procedural steps, which are usually administered by a continuous audit manager. Knowing about these steps will enable auditors to better monitor the continuous audit process and provide recommendations for its improvement, if needed. These steps include:
Establishing priority areas.
This entails choosing which organizational areas to audit. When performing the actions listed above, auditors need to consider the key objectives from each audit procedure. Objectives can be classified as one of four types: detective, deterrent (also known as preventive), financial, and compliance. A particular audit priority area may satisfy any one of these four objectives.
Identifying monitoring and continuous audit rules.
The second step consists of determining the rules or analytics that will guide the continuous audit activity, which need to be programmed, repeated frequently, and reconfigured when needed. In addition, monitoring and audit rules must take into consideration legal and environmental issues, as well as the objectives of the particular process.
Determining the process' frequency.
Continuous auditing need not be literally continuous. Auditors need to consider the natural rhythm of the process being audited, including the timing of computer and business processes as well as the timing and availability of auditors trained or with experience in continuous auditing.
Configuring continuous audit parameters.
Rules used in each audit area need to be configured before the continuous audit procedure (CAP) is implemented. In addition, the frequency of each parameter might need to be changed after its initial setup based on changes stemming from the activity being audited. When defining a CAP, auditors should consider the costs and benefits of error detection as well as audit and management follow-up activities.
Following up.
Another type of parameter relates to the treatment of alarms and detected errors. Questions such as who will receive the alarm (e.g., line managers, internal auditors, or both ― usually the alarm is sent to the process manager, the manager's immediate supervisor, or the auditor in charge of that CAP) and when the follow-up activity must be completed, need to be addressed when establishing the continuous audit process.
Communicating results.
A final item to be considered is how to communicate with auditees. When informing auditees of continuous audit activity results, it is important for the exchange to be independent and consistent.
Demand
Demand for continuous auditing has come from a variety of sources, primarily user-driven requirements. External disclosure, internal drivers, laws and regulation, and technology all play important roles in pushing up demand.
External disclosure
More frequent disclosure will drive the nature of the audit process. This increase improves the quality of earnings while reducing manager aggressiveness and decreasing stock market volatility.
Internal drivers
As companies have become more integrated within their own departments and with other companies, such as suppliers and retailers, a desire for data integrity throughout the electronic data exchange process is also driving demand for continuous auditing.
Laws and regulation
Laws and regulation require activities and ways a company followed in order to achieve a specific goal to be monitored. Under such laws and regulation company commenced for continuous auditing.
Technology
XBRL
XBRL facilitates the development of continuous auditing modules by providing a way for systems to understand the meaning of tagged data. Proper use of XBRL assures that relevant data gathered from multiple sources is easily comparable and analyzable. XBRL is a derivative of the XML file format, which tags data with contextual and hierarchical information. It is expected that many enterprise resource planning systems will provide data in the XBRL-GL format to facilitate machine readability.
Security
Because of the nature of the information passing through continuous auditing systems, security and privacy issues are also being addressed. Data assurance techniques, as well as access control mechanisms and policies are being implemented into CA systems to prevent unauthorized access and manipulation, and CCM can help test these controls.
Challenges
For many organizations, there are a number of challenges to implementing a continuous auditing approach. The following are some common challenges with associated recommendations.
Accessing complex, diverse system environment
Few organizations have a completely homogeneous, seamless system environment. There is typically a mix of ERPs or multiple instances of one ERP, mainframe systems, off-the-shelf applications, and legacy systems—all of which may contain valuable data. Technology is available to access all of this data to gain a complete picture.
Reluctance to expand the use of technology
Technology may be viewed as a threat to those who perceive that automation might replace jobs. A benefit of continuous auditing is that it performs routine, repetitive tasks and provides the opportunity for the more interesting exploratory work that adds far more value to the organization.
Overwhelming results
When not properly implemented, continuous auditing can result in hundreds—even thousands—of false positives and wasted effort. Many companies that have experienced success with continuous auditing recommend that you start small. Select which area of the company poses the greatest risk and where its transactions and control systems are most important to the company for your initial foray into continuous auditing. Automate a small number of key initial tests, such as comparing your accounts payable vendor master file with the employee address file, to uncover potential policy violations or fraud. Moving forward, increase the tests and gradually expand into other business processes in stages.
Training
Training is essential for optimum results. A number of institutions, including ACL Services Ltd., offer training on computer-aided audit techniques including continuous auditing through automation. Training can be conducted either on-site or remotely, depending on the need of companies.
Comparison to computer-aided auditing
Continuous auditing is often confused with computer-aided auditing. The purpose and scope of the two techniques, however, are quite different. Computer-aided auditing employs end user technology including spreadsheet software, such as Microsoft Excel, to allow traditional auditors to run audit-specific analyses as they conduct the periodic audit. Continuous auditing, on the other hand, involves advanced analytical tools that automate a majority of the auditing plan. Where auditors manually extract data and run their own analyses in computer-aided auditing during the course of their traditional audit, high-powered servers automatically extract and analyze data at specified intervals as a part of continuous auditing.
See also
Center for Audit Quality (CAQ)
References
External links
Rutgers Accounting Web
2009 IT Audit Benchmarking Study (The Institute of Internal Auditors)
United States Patent and Trademark Office Patent 7,676,427 System and Method of Continuous Assurance
CICA/AICPA. 1999. Continuous Auditing. Research Report, Toronto, Canada: The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants
ISACA
IIA GTAG#3
Auditing
Internal audit |
```java
module io.context.plugins {
requires io.ballerina.lang;
requires io.ballerina.parser;
requires io.ballerina.tools.api;
exports io.context.plugins;
}
``` |
Young & Wild () is a 2012 Chilean coming-of-age comedy-drama film directed by Marialy Rivas and co-written by Marialy Rivas, Camila Gutiérrez, María José Viera-Gallo and Pedro Peirano. Starring Alicia Rodríguez and Maria Gracia Omegna, the film tells the story of Daniela, a 17-year-old bisexual girl who writes a blog about the conflicts she experiences between her evangelical Protestant, conservative family and her sexuality. The film premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival where it was awarded the World Cinema Screenwriting Award.
Plot
Daniela is a 17-year-old girl who resides in Santiago, Chile. Despite her family's devout Protestant beliefs, she eagerly explores her sexuality through both casual sex and a blog titled "Young and Wild". The blog serves as a platform where she questions her church's teachings and documents her sexual adventures, including her first experiences with masturbation, oral sex, and anal sex. As her blog gains popularity, it attracts comments from people ranging from supportive to gossipy, and even some who outright proposition her for sex.
Following an incident where she is caught having sex with another student, Daniela is expelled from her conservative Christian school. Her mother initially does not react to the news. Daniela later learns that her beloved aunt, a bohemian and a role model for her, has been hospitalized due to cancer. While at the hospital, Daniela's aunt pleads with her mother not to send Daniela to perform grueling missionary work. As a result, Daniela takes a job as a gofer at a local Christian television station, where she meets her coworkers Tomás and Antonia.
Daniela finds herself immediately drawn to Tomás and begins to fantasize about him. The two start dating, but Tomás refuses to engage in premarital sexual activity. Sexually frustrated, Daniela tries to seduce him and has some degree of success. After complaining to Antonia, she is invited to a party where she briefly performs oral sex on Tomás until he stops her. As she leaves the party, Daniela whispers to Antonia that she had intended to have sex with both Tomás and her. Soon afterwards, Daniela begins a bisexual affair with Antonia that Daniela documents on her blog.
Daniela's parents come to trust Tomás, allowing him to spend unsupervised time with her. However, Tomás' reservations finally break down when Daniela questions his level of interest in her. The two eventually have sex, and Daniela writes on her blog about feeling torn between Antonia and Tomás, both of whom she is regularly sexually involved with. Antonia expresses displeasure with their clandestine relationship, but Daniela is unwilling to commit to only one partner. During a family dinner at a restaurant, thieves suddenly storm in, but the family's prayers cause the robbers to pass them by. This incident causes Daniela to begin questioning both her spirituality and morals.
Daniela stuns both her blog readers and family when she declares her desire to be baptized. Her family is overjoyed, and her aunt arranges a baptism at a lake, the same location where her aunt had been baptized. However, Tomás discovers Daniela's blog and learns about her infidelity. Furious, he ends their relationship, and her mother angrily rebukes Daniela for her behavior. Shortly thereafter, her aunt dies, leaving Daniela with many unanswered questions, ranging from spirituality to relationships. Daniela concludes the film with a voice-over quote from Paul the Apostle, stating that she now feels lost.
Cast
Critical reception
Critics had mixed reactions to the film. Nicolas Rapold of The New York Times was unimpressed by Alicia Rodríguez' lead performance and the "insistently blanched" cinematography. On the other hand, other critics praised the portrayal of unwanted emotional conflicts emerging beyond physical relationships. Erik Childress of eFilmCritic writes: "This is a film that respects sex and the emotional consequences that follow once the heat wears off." Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter said about the film that "the ferocious effort of conservative religions to keep a tight lid on pre-marital sex is as old as history, but seeing it played out in a South American context gives it a new twist, at least onscreen."
Awards
|-
| rowspan="5" | 2012
| Alicia Rodríguez
| Colón de Plata award for Best Actress, Huelva Latin American Film Festival
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | Marialy Rivas
| Sebastiane Award, San Sebastián International Film Festival
|
|-
| Horizons Award, San Sebastián International Film Festival
|
|-
| Camila Gutiérrez, Marially Rivas, Pedro Peirano, Sebastián Sepúlveda
| World Cinema Screenwriting Award, Sundance Film Festival
|
|-
| Marialy Rivas
| Grand Jury Prize, World Cinema – Dramatic, Sundance Film Festival
|
|}
See also
List of LGBT-related films directed by women
Cinema of Chile
References
External links
2012 films
2012 comedy-drama films
2012 independent films
2012 LGBT-related films
2010s Chilean films
2010s coming-of-age comedy-drama films
2010s erotic drama films
2010s sex comedy films
2010s Spanish-language films
2010s teen comedy-drama films
Chilean comedy-drama films
Chilean coming-of-age films
Chilean independent films
Chilean LGBT-related films
Female bisexuality in film
Lesbian-related films
LGBT-related comedy-drama films
LGBT-related coming-of-age films
LGBT-related sex comedy films
Teen LGBT-related films
Teen sex comedy films
Teensploitation
Films about the Internet
Films about LGBT and Christianity
Films about mother–daughter relationships
Films critical of Christianity and Christians
Films set in Chile
Films shot in Chile
Sundance Film Festival award-winning films |
Culmstock is a village and civil parish in Mid Devon, England, centred 10 miles from Tiverton and 6 NE of Cullompton. It is laid out on both sides of the River Culm; the village is joined by a single old narrow stone bridge across the river. The population of the parish at the 2011 Census was 554. The northern boundary of the parish forms part of the Devon – Somerset border and clockwise from there it is surrounded by the Devon parishes of Hemyock, Uffculme, Burlescombe and Holcombe Rogus.
Historically, in minor matters of law and taxation, Culmstock contributed to Hemyock Hundred. It saw prosperity as a centre of weaving and the wool trade, but this prosperity, and the relative population to that nationally, declined considerably in the latter part of the Industrial Revolution. The population was around 1446 for the forty years before the 1841 census but fell in the next 40 years to 863. In 1961 after a non-linear descent, the population was 692, broadly similar to today's total.
Notable people connected with village
R.D. Blackmore, the author of Lorna Doone, lived in Culmstock for six years while his father, John Blackmore, was curate-in-charge of the parish, and he based his novel Perlycross on the Culm Valley.
Octavius Temple, father of Frederick Temple and grandfather of William Temple (both Archbishops of Canterbury), purchased Axon Farm, near the settlement. Octavius went to be Governor of Sierra Leone, where he died in 1834. The family had, however, remained at Culmstock. Blundell's School at Tiverton hosted the boarding years of the latter childhood of Frederick.
Harold Sumption (1916-1998), an English advertising executive and fundraiser, was born in Culmstock.
Transport
The village was served by a station on the Culm Valley Light Railway, which connected to one of two main lines leaving the south-west peninsula, at Tiverton Junction. The Light Railway ran from 1876 to 1975, though the last passengers were carried in 1963.
References
Villages in Devon |
Jean Bertola (1922, La Roche-sur-Foron – 1989) was a French pianist, composer, singer, music arranger and artistic director.
A talented pianist, he worked in a Lyon radio station putting music to texts sent by listeners. He later started arranging for many renowned artists including Charles Aznavour in his début. He won the disc prize in 1957. After a career in singing melodies, he became artistic director with the French label Polydor. A singer songwriter, he became close and artistic secretary for Georges Brassens and backup vocalist on some of Brassens' albums in the 1970s.
He released his own album Dernières chansons in 1982, with text and music from Brassens, and a second album in 1985 titled Le Patrimoine de Brassens.
Sources
Louis-Jean Calvet, Cent ans de chanson française, Paris, Éditions L'Archipel, coll. "Archi Poche", 2006, 520 p. (Re-editions of a book first published by Éditions du Seuil in 1972)
1922 births
1989 deaths
People from La Roche-sur-Foron
French art directors
20th-century French male pianists |
''Bedotia'' sp. nov. 'Mahanara' is a species of fish in the Bedotiidae family. It is endemic to Madagascar. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
References
Bedotia
Freshwater fish of Madagascar
Undescribed vertebrate species
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Žudojevići () is a village in the municipality of Bileća, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
References
Villages in Republika Srpska
Populated places in Bileća |
David John Francis (born 1935) is a British film archivist. He was the second curator of the UK's National Film and Television Archive from 1974 until 1989, when he was succeeded by Clyde Jeavons. Francis went on to become the Chief of the Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Division at the Library of Congress (November 1991 - February 2001).
Works
During the 1980s he was the leading academic member of the team that created London's internationally acclaimed Museum of the Moving Image (MOMI).
In 2018 he opened the Kent Museum of the Moving Image with his wife Jocelyn Marsh.
Awards and honors
In 1990, Francis was made both a Fellow of the British Kinematograph, Sound and Television Society and a Fellow of the British Film Institute for his work in film and television preservation. He was awarded the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for his contributions to film archiving and for his work on the Getty Center in the 1986 Birthday Honours.
In 1994 Francis was awarded the Premio Jean Mitry by the organisers of the Giornate del cinema muto, the Pordenone-based festival devoted to silent cinema.
He has been an Honorary Member of the International Federation of Film Archives since 2001.
Francis was the 2002 recipient of the Mel Novikoff Award at the San Francisco International Film Festival.
In 2004, Francis won the Silver Light Award from the Association of Moving Image Archivists.
References
1935 births
Living people
English archivists
Film archivists
British curators
Librarians at the Library of Congress
Officers of the Order of the British Empire |
Dan C. Snyder aka Daniel Cotton Snyder is an American sculptor and ceramicist.
Background and education
Born July 23, 1948 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Snyder earned a Bachelor's degree from Pennsylvania State University, studying art and anthropology. His PSU ceramic sculpture work led him to Robert Arneson, and a University of California, Davis, Master of Fine Arts degree in 1972, as well as his association with other faculty members William T. Wiley, Wayne Thiebaud, Roy De Forest, Manuel Neri, and fellow students John E. Buck, Jock Reynolds, Bruce Gutton, Richard T. Notkin, Deborah Butterfield, and John Roloff.
Awards
While working towards his MFA at Davis, Snyder received a University of California Davis Patent Grant in 1972 for research with lightweight clay bodies. Snyder was a recipient of the National Endowment for the Arts projects grant in 1973, which enabled him to obtain special permission to visit and study the closed to the public Lascaux Cave in France and the prehistoric rock drawings in Val Camonica, Italy. In 1975 working alongside other Academy members Laurie Olin, Mark Balet, Frank Holmes, and Franklin D. Israel, Snyder became a fellow of the American Academy in Rome in sculpture, having received the Rome Prize in 1973. In 2007 Snyder received the AIA, Sierra Valley Honor Award for Excellence in Design for My Time, an interactive sundial artwork and streetscape design in collaboration with the children of Van Buskirk Community Center, Stockton, California, in association with LDA Partners, 2007.
Works
Snyder is known for his life-size classical inspired ceramic figures, such as The Restoration of Hope 2, located in the Manetti Shrem Museum of Art, Mondavi Art Garden, University of California Davis, and his painted cut-out sculptures which he uses in public art works such as Welcome North, Welcome South, Welcome East, Welcome West, commissioned by the San Francisco International Airport and the San Francisco Arts Commission in 1983.
Of his ceramic figures, Maria Porges wrote in American Ceramics, December 1990, “Snyder‘s method of assembling the figure out of a shell of fragments often creates an astonishing lightness of being at the same time the whorl of vigorous modeled fragments out of which the angel emerges suggest clay’s original state. The spirit lives forever, Snyder implies, even though the flesh does not.” and, “By both drawing on the past and placing his work firmly in the context of the present, Snyder has brought his pieces into the dialogue about mortality and the body, which presently occupies the art world.”
About his painted cutout figures featured in many of his public works and art galleries, Andre Michell Workman wrote in Artweek, April 11th, 1981 “What is most compelling about Snyder’s new painted sculptures is the aura of happiness and optimism - the joie de vivre - which they exude.”
Snyder has been represented by the Wenger Gallery in San Francisco, San Diego, Mexico City, and Los Angeles from 1972 to 1989, and the Allrich Gallery in San Francisco from 1976, alternating numerous ceramic and mixed media solo exhibitions until its closure in 1993, and Sloan Miyasato Fine Arts, San Francisco.
Snyder has completed over twenty mixed media public works, including Promenade Stockton, CA, Chicken Corn Soup & Homemade Ice Cream, Rockville, MD, and The Secret Ingredient, Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta. Snyder also completed four public commissions that were community based collaborations with children, including My Time, Stockton CA, Fantasy Island, Sunnyvale, CA, Hey Buddy - Seen Any Moose? Fairbanks, Alaska, Look What I Found, Tacoma, WA, and A Few of My Favorite Things, Albany, California.
Snyder’s work is represented in the public and corporate collections of the SFO Museum, Oakland Museum of California, Lannan Foundation, Los Angeles, Monterey Museum of Art, University of California, Davis, The American Academy in Rome, Crocker Art Museum, TRW inc, Bank of America Center San Francisco, Pennsylvania State University, Hyatt, Kaiser Permanente, Oliver Carr Co., Washington DC, and Milpitas, California.
Snyder taught at Pennsylvania State University, 1975-1976, University of California at Santa Cruz, 1987-1993, and San Francisco State University, 1994
Film
Ceramic figurative sculptures used in the film “Basic Instinct”, 1992
See also
List of fellows of the American Academy in Rome (1971–1990)
Further reading
Opitz, Glenn B (1984). Dictionary of American Sculptors:18th Century to Present. Newbury Books. ISBN 9780938290032
Jaques Cattell Press (1986). Who's Who in American Art. Jacques: Cattell Press. ISBN 9780835218
References
External links
https://www.dansnyderartist.com
1948 births
Living people
20th-century American sculptors
American ceramists
Public art
American Academy in Rome
University of California, Davis alumni
Pennsylvania State University alumni
21st-century American sculptors
Artists from Philadelphia
Artists from California
American glass artists |
Pickled fruit refers to fruit that has been pickled. Pickling is the process of food preservation by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar. Many types of fruit are pickled. Some examples include peaches, apples, crabapples, pears, plums, grapes, currants, tomatoes and olives. Vinegar may also be prepared from fruit, such as apple cider vinegar.
For thousands of years in many parts of the world, pickles have been used as the main method to preserve fruits and other foods. There is evidence that thousands of years ago in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome and China people pickled different foods for preservation. Mayan culture in America used tobacco to preserve food, specifically to make pickled peppers. In ancient times the different cultures used salt that was found naturally and water to make the brine, which they used to pickle foods that cannot be eaten naturally, such as olives and some grains.
Peaches
Pickled peaches may be prepared from medium-sized, non-melting clingstone peaches that are small-seeded. In the United States prior to around 1960, some were prepared from small, unripe freestone peaches. Flavour may be added to the pickle using 'sweet spices', such as cinnamon, cloves and allspice, or savoury pickling spices, such as peppercorns and coriander. Pickled peaches may be used to accompany meats and in salads, and also have other uses.
Pears
Pickled pears may be prepared with sugar, cinnamon, cloves and allspice to add flavor, and may be referred to as spiced pears. They may be prepared from underripe pears. Pickled pears may be used to accompany dishes such as roasts and salads, among others.
Grapes
To pickle grapes it is necessary to use white wine vinegar, water, kosher salt, sugar, cloves garlic, rosemary and dried chili flakes. Garlic, chili flakes and some other species make grapes a unique flavor.
Cantaloupe
The cantaloupe is a summer season fruit, which can be pickled and refrigerated to be able to eat it during the rest of the year. The cantaloupe can be pickled using champagne vinegar, hot water, granulated sugar, ice, mustard seed, celery seed, Aleppo pepper and cinnamon stick.
List of pickled fruits
Apple
Crab apple
Apricot
Umeboshi
Barberry
Blackberry
Blueberry
Caper
Cherry
Citrus peel
Currant
Dates
Damson
Fig
Grape
Mango pickle
Aavakaaya
Nata de coco – fermented coconut juice
Nata de pina – fermented pineapple juice
Olives
Orange
Peach
Nectarine
Pear
Peppadew
Pickled lime
Pickled pepper
Plum
Preserved lemon
Prunes
Strawberry
Tomato
Watermelon may be pickled, as well as watermelon rind.
By country
In Malaysia, some fruits are pickled when they are unripe, such as belimbing, kedondong, chermai, lime, pineapple, papaya, mango and nutmeg.
In Mexico, there are two phrases to describe a "pickle": the term "escabechar or encurtir" is used when food is pickled by vinegar; when salt is the main ingredient for pickling, it is called "escabeche or salmuera."
The word "vinegar" is of French origin (Vin - Aigre), comprising "vino-agrio" in Spanish and literally "wine-sour" in English. At its origin, vinegar was obtained as the result from the fermentation of wine which was sour.
In Mexico, vinegar is obtained in large part from the fermentation of fruits such as pineapple and apple; people use this naturally sourced vinegar to pickle fruits and vegetables in the home. With many various peppers, the pickle pepper is very popular in Mexico — the pepper being one of the main products made both at home and by the pickling industry. Some states in Mexico such as Oaxaca and Puebla use homemade fermented pineapple-vinegar or sour brine to pickle fruits such as mangoes, membrillos and some cactus — the resulting pickles are then used as ingredients in traditional cooking.
See also
References
Pickles
Food preservation
Fermented foods
Condiments |
Walter Kollmann (17 June 1932 – 16 May 2017) was an Austrian footballer.
Career
During his club career he played for Wacker Wien. Kollmann earned 16 caps for the Austria national football team, and participated in the 1954 FIFA World Cup and the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He also represented Austria at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Walter Kollmann's obituary
1932 births
2017 deaths
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's international footballers
Footballers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers for Austria
1954 FIFA World Cup players
1958 FIFA World Cup players
Men's association football defenders |
Bird Island is the name of three islands in Western Australia. Two are in the Kimberley region, and the third is off the coast of Rockingham, about south of Garden Island (Western Australia).
Perth region
The southernmost of the islands is about long (east to west) and up to wide, and is at about off the southern coast of Cape Peron. Nearby islands to the south are Seal Island and Penguin Island, and as mentioned, Garden Island to the north.
Kimberley region
The northern pair of islands are about east-west of each other. The nearest settlement is Kalumburu, the northernmost settlement in Western Australia. The islands are several hundred kilometers north-east of Broome.
The western island at is one of about 3 dozen islands around the mouth of the Admiralty Gulf which include the Montesquieu group of islands, the Kingsmill Islands and the Low Rocks and Sterna Island Important Bird Area. The island is roughly circular, about in diameter.
The eastern island at is approximately T-shaped, the two axes being about long. It is located near the Louis Islands in the gulf at the mouth of the King Edward River, near the Mungalalu Truscott Airbase.
See also
Islands of Perth, Western Australia
Whitsunday Islands
References
Islands of the Perth region (Western Australia)
Islands of the Kimberley (Western Australia) |
Ann Chamberlyne (1667–1691) was a female tar (sailor) who joined her brother's ship's crew in 1690 and fought the French at Beachy Head. A plaque in her memory at All Saints Church, Cheyne Walk in London used to exist, but it was destroyed in World War II during a bombing raid.
The plaque stated:
In an adjoining vault lies Anne, the only Daughter of Edward Chamberlyne, Doctor of Law's, born in London, 20 January 1667, who having declined marriage at 23, and aspiring to great achievements unusual to her sex, and age, on 30 June 1690, on board a fire ship in man's clothing, as second Pallas, chaste and fearless, fought valiantly six hours against the French, under the command of her Brother.
Returned from the engagement and after some few months married John Spragg, Esq., with whom, for sixteen more months, she lived most amiably happy. At length, in childbed of a daughter, she encountered death 30 October 1691. This monument, for consort most virtuous and dearly loved, was erected by her husband.
Snatched, alas, how soon by sudden death, unhonoured by progeny like herself, worthy to rule the Main!"
She is the first known female tar in British history.
References
Helena Carreiras, Gerhard Kümme: Women in the Military and in Armed Conflict.
Joan Druett: She Captains: Heroines and Hellions of the Sea (2001)
Isabelle Bauino, Jacques Carré, Cécile Révauger: The Invisible Woman: Aspects of Women's Work in Eighteenth-century Britain
1667 births
1691 deaths
Deaths in childbirth
Female wartime cross-dressers
Royal Navy sailors
Military personnel from London
Women in 17th-century warfare
17th-century Royal Navy personnel
Women in war in Britain |
F. Weber & Company, Inc. is an American manufacturer and supplier of artists' materials. Established in 1853 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the F. Weber Company, Inc. is the oldest and one of the largest manufacturers of art materials in the United States.
Background
A successor company to Janentzky & Weber Manufacturers & Importers, F. Weber & Company, Inc. was established in 1853, and has been known for quality and innovation throughout its history, for example in the late 19th and early 20th centuries—the golden years of the prestigious World Fair—F. Weber & Co. frequently won gold medals for its fine quality products. Exhibitions included: 1873 Vienna; 1876 Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia; 1893 Columbian Exposition, Chicago; 1903 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis; 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco; and 1926 Sesqui-Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia.
Following the death of Fredrick W. Weber Sr. in 1919, his two sons Fred W. Weber and Ernest Weber had the company incorporated and renamed it F. Weber Co., Inc. Fred W. Weber was a successful artist, chemist, inventor, and businessman, he was responsible for much of the innovation in product development from taking over in 1919 to his retirement in 1967. With his long list of innovations, a majority of which decreased the toxicity of necessary painting supplies, Fred W. Weber elevated the company to further prominence in the US art supplies market. His expertise in the arts as well as science along with the publication of his first book "Artists Pigments" (Van Nostrand 1923) made him a desirable lecturer on the topic of art. He provided advice to many celebrated 20th century artists, including: Thomas Hart Benton, Dean Cornwell, Arthur Dove, Peter Hurd, Norman Rockwell, NC Wyeth, and Andrew Wyeth. At this time the company had its factory and headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and retail locations in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and St. Louis.
The company was bought by Visual Art Industries of Brooklyn, NY in 1980. Honoring the Weber family, the name was not removed from the company. The company is now officially the Martin F. Weber Co. and still produces a variety of art supplies, including the original non-toxic white color "Permalba" formulated by Fred W. Weber himself in 1921. The modern company is also known for its artists signature kits designed for revered television artists such as Jon Gnagy, Bob Ross, Susan Schewe, Robert Wyland and Bruce Blitz.
See also
List of pen types, brands and companies
References
Further reading
F. Weber & Company records, 1865-1973. Getty Research Institute.
External links
"F. Weber and Co. Records," (collection). Oakland, California: Online Archive of California, retrieved online May 22, 2019.
"F. Weber & Co., Inc. records, 1865-1973." Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, California. Accession No. 950018. Records contain trade catalogs and price lists, paint formula books, sample books, and business papers, trade catalogs and sample books of other companies, and lectures written and delivered by F. Weber.
Manufacturing companies based in Philadelphia
American companies established in 1853
Visual arts materials |
B.O.D.Y. or Band Of D Year is an album released by popular Soca artist Machel Montano and his group Xtatik from Trinidad and Tobago in 2006. The album features several solo and collaborative tracks, with popular artists such as: American Doug E. Fresh, Jamaicans Mr Vegas & T.O.K., Trinidadians Patrice Roberts and Benjai.
The title song Band Of De Year on the album won the 2006 Road March Competition for Trinidad and Tobago Carnival. This was the second time Machel Montano won the competition, previously with Big Truck on the Heavy Duty album in 1997.
Track listing
"Scandal (Delirious)"
""Band Of D Year (B.O.D.Y.)" - (with Patrice Roberts)
"Dance With You (Reggaeton Remix)" - (featuring Mr Vegas)
"La Vida Es En Carnival" - remix of original from Celia Cruz
"Amnesty (Rah, Rah, Rah)" - (featuring Benjai)
"Forever" - (featuring Onika Bostic)
"O'Larki" - (featuring Andy Singh & Fabien Canning Downing)
"Madology (King Kong Crew)" - (featuring Kerwin Du Bois)
"Scandal (Delirious) (Road Mix)"
"Band Of De Year (B.O.D.Y.) (Road Mix)" - (with Patrice Roberts)
"Oh Girl" - (featuring Prestan Andries)
"We Not Giving Up (Remix)" - (featuring Doug E. Fresh and T.O.K.)
"Heart of a Man" - (with Zan)
References
Machel Montano albums
2006 albums |
Dirabius rectirostris is a species of flower weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Baridinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1876 |
Outward Bound Singapore (OBS; ; ; ) is part of the network of Outward Bound centres worldwide. Established in 1967 as Outward Bound School of Singapore (OBSS), OBS has a campus located on the island of Pulau Ubin.
History
Initially named the Outward Bound School of Singapore, it was founded by then Minister of the Interior and Defence, Goh Keng Swee at Pulau Ubin in Singapore in 1967. OBSS was initially managed by the People's Association (PA) before the Ministry of the Interior and Defence took over to use it as a facility to prepare young men for compulsory national service.
In April 1991, OBSS was returned to the People's Association and was renamed Outward Bound Singapore. The number of participants has grown since 1991 and it is currently the largest Outward Bound centre worldwide. Secondary school students are strongly encouraged to attend a week's programme at Outward Bound Singapore's Pulau Ubin centre. The programme can be conducted indoor or outdoor, depending on the weather conditions. Over the years, OBS has evolved to play a more active role in community building through its OBS Alumni & the Leadership & Service Award. OBS has also partnered with overseas Outward Bound centres such as Oman & South Africa to provide more global programmes for youths. Recently announced at the Singapore Youth Conference 2014, OBS was restructured to be part of the new strengthened National Youth Council (NYC) Autonomous Agency. As one of the National Youth Developer, OBS will co-drive the national youth volunteer programme, Youth Corps Singapore with NYC.
Outward Bound Philosophy
The Outward Bound philosophy is summarised by co-founder, Kurt Hahn, as "The aim of education is to impel people into value-forming experiences, to ensure the survival of these qualities: an enterprising curiosity, an indefatigable spirit, tenacity in pursuit, readiness for sensible self, and above all, compassion."
The development-by-challenge' approach combats the Six Declines of Modern Youth to produce positive psychological and social outcomes. Outward Bound programmes are designed to empower people with self-awareness, responsibility, perseverance, interpersonal skills, confidence, compassion and the ability to create positive impact for the community. Programmes follow the Outward Bound process model:
Key Programmes
Youth Corps Singapore
As one of the National Youth Developer, OBS will co-drive the new national youth volunteer programme, Youth Corps Singapore with NYC. Shortlisted applicants will attend a 5-day residential leadership programme at OBS for training and team bonding. The Youth Corps programme will match youth volunteers with critical community needs, and help them make sustained and meaningful contributions to society.
MOE-OBS Challenge Programme
Under the National Outdoor Adventure Education Masterplan, the MOE-OBS Challenge Programme seeks to develop ruggedness, resilience, and build cohesion amongst Secondary 3 students. The programme comprises a series of school-based Physical Education and Character and Citizenship Education lessons facilitated by teachers as well as a 5-day expeditionary course at Outward Bound Singapore (OBS).
21-Day Leadership & Service Award (LSA)
Started in 2011, this award was created for youths aged 17 – 35 with a passion for community service. Selected individuals are awarded the LSA with a scholarship to attend the 21-day course in Pulau Ubin. Awardees participate in a multi-element leadership and service challenge programme designed to broaden their horizons while being out of their comfort zones, build resilience, and inspire them to undertake bigger endeavours to the community. Besides adventure learning, organising and planning of community service projects are also key components of the LSA programme. LSA graduates become part of the OBS Alumni upon completion of the programme.
Global Adventures
Global programmes are conducted with sister Outward Bound centres in various regions and combine both adventure and cultural learning. The 11-day Global Adventure Oman spans the Omani desert, trekking across the Jabel Akhder Mountain in the day and camping under the Arabian stars at night. Another global programme is the 18-day Global Adventure South Africa which includes exploring the sandstone foothills of the spectacular Drakensberg. These programmes are open to youths above 17.
OBS Alumni
Since its establishment in 2012 with the aim of giving graduates of OBS programme a platform to serve the community, the OBS Alumni has partnered several community stakeholders for various causes ranging from helping under-privileged families to environment conservation.
1-day Nurture @ Adventure programme @ East Coast Campus for about 500 needy children & their families on Father's day
Partnered with Central Singapore Community Development Council to conduct the Trust Journey programme with the aim of fostering racial harmony ties between students from the Global Indian International Schools & local M.O.E school, Queensway Secondary School
Collaborated with International Coastal Clean Up to clean up the coastal shores of Pulau Ubin
Alumni volunteers at the soup kitchen, Willing Hearts where they helped prepare meals for needy Singaporeans
Partnered with South East Community Development Council, 'Yifon Skips for Nutritional Wellness @ South East 2013' campaign to earn 600 Yifon food products for the needy by conducting 'The Giant Team Skip'
Co – organised a special outdoor camp with Central Singapore Community Development Council, Camp Include, for students from MINDS who were paired with Alumni volunteers to go thru the outdoor activities such as high rope course, tunnel cave maze etc.
Organised the first Merlion abseil @ Sentosa for the public to raise awareness and funds for Life Community, a children's charity
On 19 March 2014, the volunteers were awarded for their community efforts at the inaugural OBS Volunteers Appreciation Ceremony. Alumni mentors were also appointed to guide younger volunteers in their community impact projects
Facilities
Pulau Ubin Camp 1 & 2
When Outward Bound first started in 1967, its facilities were spartan. Currently, OBS has two campuses at Pulau Ubin.
Using up approximately 9 hectares of land, some of the climbing facilities are the Peak Ascent Tower, inverse and tripod towers, Vertical Challenge Activities, The Indiana, rock climbing walls, and non-height activities such as the Tunnelling and Caving system. Other facilities include teaching rooms and a 25-metre swimming pool for kayaking.
The Pulau Ubin campus is located at two locations, with Camp 1 being larger than Camp 2. Depending on the course, Residential or Mobile, the campers either stay in the dormitories provided on campus or in tents on the centre's ground respectively.
OBS@Coney
A new OBS campus will be located on Coney Island, as part of the National Outdoor Education Masterplan. When the campus eventually opens in 2021, OBS@Coney will augment the existing facilities at Pulau Ubin, towards an annual capacity of 45,000 participants.
The campus will feature new outdoor adventure education facilities, such as advanced challenge ropes courses, abseiling, rock-climbing and artificial caving systems.
See also
Outdoor education
References
External links
OBS Homepage
Education in Singapore
1967 establishments in Singapore
Outward Bound
North-Eastern Islands
Education in North-East Region, Singapore |
Aarne may be a masculine given name and a surname. It is a Finnish and Estonian form of the given name Arne, a form of "Arnold". Notable people with the name include:
Surname
Antti Aarne (1867–1925), Finnish folklorist
Els Aarne (1917–1995), Estonian composer
Johan Victor Aarne (1863–1934), Finnish metalsmith
Given name
Aarne Ahi (born 1943), Estonian animator and animated film director
Aarne Arvonen (1897–2009), Finnish supercentenarian
Aarne Blick (1894–1964), Finnish lieutenant general
Aarne Castrén (1923–1997), Finnish sailor
Aarne Ermus (born 1966), Estonian Defense Force colonel
Aarne Ervi (1910–1977), Finnish architect
Aarne Haapakoski (1904–1961), Finnish pulp writer
Aarne Heikinheimo (1894–1938), Finnish major general
Aarne Hermlin (1940–2007), Estonian chess player
Aarne Honkavaara (1924–2016), Finnish ice hockey player and coach
Aarne Hytönen (1901–1972), Finnish architect
Aarne Juutilainen (1904–1976), Finnish army captain
Aarne Kainlauri (born 1915), Finnish former steeplechaser
Aarne Kallberg (1891–1945), Finnish long-distance runner
Aarne Kalliala (born 1950), Finnish actor
Aarne Kauhanen (1909–1949), Finnish officer
Aarne Kauppinen (1889–1927), Finnish artisan, smallholder, and politician
Aarne Kreuzinger-Janik (born 1950), German Bundeswehr lieutenant general
Aarne Lakomaa (1914–2001), Finnish aircraft designer
Aarne Lindholm (1889–1972), Finnish long-distance runner
Aarne Lindroos (born 1960), Finnish rower
Aarne Ilmari Niemelä (1907–1975), Finnish chess player
Aarne Nirk (born 1987), Estonian hurdler
Aarne Nuorvala (1912–2013), Finnish official
Aarne Orjatsalo (1883–1941), Finnish actor, theater manager, writer, revolutionary and soldier
Aarne Pelkonen (1891–1949), Finnish gymnast, competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics
Aarne Penttinen (1918–1981), Finnish politician
Aarne Peussa (1900–1941), Finnish middle-distance runner
Aarne Pohjonen (1886–1938), Finnish gymnast, competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics
Aarne Pulkkinen (1915–1977), Finnish smallholder and politician
Aarne Rannamäe (1958–2016), Estonian journalist
Aarne Reini (1906–1974), Finnish wrestler and Olympic medalist in Greco-Roman wrestling
Aarne Roine (1893–1938), Finnish gymnast
Aarne Ruben (born 1971), Estonian writer
Aarne Saarinen (1913–2004), Finnish politician and trade union leader
Aarne Salovaara (1887–1945), Finnish gymnast and track and field athlete
Aarne Saluveer (born 1959), Estonian conductor and music pedagogue
Aarne Sihvo (1889–1963), Finnish general
Aarne Soro (born 1974), Estonian actor
Aarne Michaël Tallgren (1885–1945), Finnish archaeologist
Aarne Tarkas (1923–1976), Finnish film director, screenwriter, producer and actor
Aarne Üksküla (1937–2017), Estonian actor
Aarne Valkama (1909–1969), Finnish Nordic combined skier
Aarne Veedla (born 1963), Estonian historian and politician
Aarne Vehkonen (1927–2011), Finnish weightlifter
Aarne Viisimaa (1898–1989), Estonian operatic tenor and opera director
Aarne Wuorimaa (1892–1975), Finnish diplomat
Stage name
Aarne (producer) (born 2001), London-based Romanian-born music producer
See also
Aarne–Thompson classification system, to help folklorists identify recurring plot patterns in the narrative structures of traditional folktales
Arn (disambiguation)
Masculine given names
Finnish masculine given names
Estonian masculine given names |
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