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This list of museums in Indiana is a list of museums, defined for this context as institutions (including nonprofit organizations, government entities, and private businesses) that collect and care for objects of cultural, artistic, scientific, or historical interest and make their collections or related exhibits available for public viewing. Museums that exist only in cyberspace (i.e., virtual museums) are not included. Also included are non-profit and university art galleries.
Museums
Defunct museums
Carter's Toy Museum, Zionsville, closed in 2012
"Collectible Classics" Car Museum, Hagerstown, closed notice
College Football Hall of Fame, South Bend, closed in 2012, reopened in Atlanta, Georgia in 2014
Corvette Classics Museum, Fort Wayne
Forest Discovery Center, Starlight, closed in 2009
Indiana Aviation Museum, Valparaiso, closed in 2010
Indiana Historic Radio Museum, Ligonier, closed in 2008
The Lincoln Museum, Fort Wayne, closed June 30, 2008.
Morris-Butler House, no longer open for tours
Ragtops Museum, Michigan City, closed in 2011
Trumps' Texaco Museum, Knightstown, featured Texaco memorabilia,
Hostetler's Hudson Museum, Shipshewana, closed in 2018.
See also
Arboreta in Indiana (category)
Botanical gardens in Indiana (category)
List of nature centers in Indiana
Observatories in Indiana (category)
Resources
Association of Indiana Museums
Visit Indiana
Historical Museum Guide for Indiana
Historic House Museums in Indiana
References
Indiana
Museums
Museums |
|}
This is a list of electoral region results for the Western Australian Legislative Council in the 1983 Western Australian state election.
Results by Electoral province
Central
Lower Central
Lower North
Preferences were not distributed.
Lower West
Metropolitan
North
North Central Metropolitan
North Metropolitan
Preferences were not distributed.
North-East Metropolitan
Preferences were not distributed.
South
South Central Metropolitan
South East
South East Metropolitan
South Metropolitan
South West
Upper West
West
See also
Results of the Western Australian state election, 1983 (Legislative Assembly)
1983 Western Australian state election
Candidates of the Western Australian state election, 1983
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council, 1983–1986
References
Results of Western Australian elections
1983 elections in Australia |
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}
``` |
Periférico Belenes is the seventeenth station of Line 3 of the Guadalajara SITEUR from south-east to north-west, and the second in the opposite direction.
This station is located on the crossing of Juan Pablo II Av. from Zapopan (earlier on Laureles Av.) with the Periférico Ring that surrounds the Guadalajara metropolitan area. The construction works of this station required completely closing vehicular traffic during 13 weekends. Earlier on, it was planned to build this station a little forward than what it currently is in direction to Zapopan Centro, but due to the planning of the Peribús (renamed as Mi Macro Periférico), it was decided to build the station near the Periférico Ring and from it the station takes the name.
The girder placed on the Northwest Periférico Ring is one of the biggest of the First Viaduct; given the dimensions and weight of the girders between the Arcos de Zapopan and Periférico Belenes stations, it was necessary to do a total closure of the way on Monday 20, March 2017 to maneuver with two cranes of 250 tons and another one of a little over 500 tons in order to place said girders of 200 and 166 tons respectively.
Its logotype is a stylized picture of the facade of the "Jalisco State Public Library Juan José Arreola".
It currently has a connection with Mi Macro Periférico.
Points of interest
Zapopan DIF system
Belenes Industrial Park
Gran Terraza Belenes Mall
Transport routes
Mi Macro Periférico: Periférico Belenes
SITREN Line 4
T16B
References
Guadalajara light rail system Line 3 stations
Railway stations in Zapopan
Railway stations opened in 2020 |
Sir Alfred James Munnings, (8 October 1878 – 17 July 1959) is known as having been one of England's finest painters of horses, and as an outspoken critic of Modernism. Engaged by Lord Beaverbrook's Canadian War Memorials Fund, he earned several prestigious commissions after the Great War that made him wealthy. Between 1912 and 1914 he was a member of the Newlyn School of artists. His work was part of the art competitions at the 1928 Summer Olympics, the 1932 Summer Olympics, and the 1948 Summer Olympics.
Munnings was president of the Royal Academy of Arts from 1944 until his 1949, when he was succeeded by Sir Gerald Kelly.
Biography
Alfred Munnings was born on 8 October 1878 at Mendham Mill, Mendham, Suffolk, across the River Waveney from Harleston in Norfolk to Christian parents. His father was the miller and Alfred grew up surrounded by the activity of a busy working mill with horses and horse-drawn carts arriving daily. After leaving Framlingham College at the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to a Norwich printer, designing and drawing advertising posters for the next six years, attending the Norwich School of Art in his spare time. When his apprenticeship ended, he became a full-time painter. The loss of sight in his right eye in an accident in 1898 did not deflect his determination to paint, and in 1899 two of his pictures were shown at the Royal Academy Summer Exhibition. He painted rural scenes, frequently of subjects such as Gypsies and horses. He was associated with the Newlyn School of painters, and while there met Florence Carter-Wood (1888–1914), a young horsewoman and painter. They married on 19 January 1912 but she tried to kill herself on their honeymoon and did so in 1914. Munnings bought Castle House, Dedham, in 1919, describing it as 'the house of my dreams'. He used the house and adjoining studio extensively throughout the rest of his career, and it was opened as the Munnings Art Museum in the early 1960s, after Munnings's death. Munnings remarried in 1920; his second wife was another horsewoman, Violet McBride (née Haines). There were no children from either marriage. Although his second wife encouraged him to accept commissions from society figures, Munnings became best known for his equine painting: he often depicted horses participating in hunting and racing.
War artists
Although he volunteered to join the Army, he was assessed as unfit to fight. In 1917, his participation in the war was limited to a civilian job outside Reading, processing tens of thousands of Canadian horses en route to France — and often to death. Later, he was assigned to one of the horse remount depots on the Western Front. Munnings's talent was employed as a war artist to the Canadian Cavalry Brigade, under the patronage of Max Aitken, in the latter part of the war. During the war he painted many scenes, including in 1918 a portrait of General Jack Seely mounted on his horse Warrior (now in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa). Munnings worked on this canvas a few thousand yards from the German front lines. When General Seely's unit was forced into a hasty withdrawal, the artist discovered what it was like to come under shellfire.
In 1918 Munnings also painted Charge of Flowerdew's Squadron. After what is known as "the last great cavalry charge" at the Battle of Moreuil Wood, Gordon Flowerdew was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for leading Lord Strathcona's Horse in a successful engagement with entrenched German forces.
The Canadian Forestry Corps invited Munnings to tour its work camps in France, and in 1918 he produced drawings, watercolors, and oil paintings, including Draft Horses, Lumber Mill in the Forest of Dreux. This role of horses in the war was critical and under-reported; and in fact, horse fodder was the single largest commodity shipped to the front by some countries.
The Canadian War Records Exhibition at the Royal Academy after the Armistice of November 1918 included forty-five of Munnings's canvasses.
After the war, Munnings began to establish himself as a sculptor, although he had no formal training in the discipline. His first public work was the equestrian statue of Edward Horner in Mells, Somerset, a collaboration with his friend Sir Edwin Lutyens, who designed a plinth for the statue. This work led to a commission from the Jockey Club for a sculpture of Brown Jack.
Later career
Munnings was elected president of the Royal Academy of Arts in 1944. He was made a Knight Bachelor in July of the same year, and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in the 1947 New Year Honours. His presidency is best known for the valedictory speech he gave in 1949, in which he attacked modernism. The broadcast was heard by millions of listeners to BBC radio. An evidently inebriated Munnings claimed that the work of Cézanne, Matisse, and Picasso had corrupted art. He recalled that Winston Churchill had once said to him, "Alfred, if you met Picasso coming down the street would you join with me in kicking his ... something something?" to which Munnings said he replied, "Yes Sir, I would".
In 1950, Munnings, through a ruse, got hold of some of Stanley Spencer's Scrapbook Drawings and initiated an unsuccessful police prosecution against him for obscenity. Sir Gerald Kelly, Munnings' successor as president of the Royal Academy, intervened with the police on Spencer's behalf.
Munnings died at Castle House, Dedham, Essex, on 17 July 1959. His ashes were interred at St Paul's Cathedral, with an epitaph by John Masefield ('O friend, how very lovely are the things,
The English things, you helped us to perceive'). After his death, his widow turned their house in Dedham into a museum of his work. The village pub in Mendham is named after him, as is a street there.
Munnings was portrayed by Dominic Cooper in the film Summer in February, which was released in Britain in 2013. The film is adapted from a novel by Jonathan Smith.
At auction
His sporting art works have enjoyed popularity in the United Kingdom, the United States and elsewhere. , the highest price paid for a Munnings painting was $7,848,000 for The Red Prince Mare, far above his previous auction record of $4,292,500 set at Christie's in December 1999. It was one of four works by Munnings in the auction. The Red Prince Mare is a oil on canvas that was executed in 1921 and had an estimate of $4,000,000 to $6,000,000.
Writings
Munnings wrote an autobiography in three volumes:
An Artist's Life, London: Museum Press, 1950
The Second Burst, London: Museum Press, 1951
The Finish, London: Museum Press, 1952
Notes
References
Booth, Stanley. (1978). Sir Alfred Munnings, 1878-1959: A Centenary Tribute : an Appreciation of the Artist and a Selection of His Paintings. London: Philip Wilson Publishers. ; OCLC 4932538
Goodman, Jean. (2000). The Life of Alfred Munnings, 1878-1959: The Life of Alfred Munnings, 1878-1959. Norwich: Erskine Press. ; OCLC 44852395
Lew, Henry R. (2018). Imaging the World, Hybrid Publishers, () Chapter 11 - Alfred James '(A.J.)' Munnings.
External links
Alfred Munnings at artcyclopedia.com
Alfred Munnings Artworks on Allartclassic
Sir Alfred Munnings Art Museum, Castle House, Dedham
"The Painter Who Hated Picasso" article on Munnings at Smithsonian.com
Sir Alfred James Munnings Paintings at AllPainter.com
1878 births
1959 deaths
19th-century English painters
20th-century English painters
Alumni of Norwich University of the Arts
British war artists
Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
English male painters
Equine artists
Knights Bachelor
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Lamorna Art colony
Newlyn School of Artists
Olympic competitors in art competitions
People educated at Framlingham College
People from Dedham, Essex
People from Mid Suffolk District
People of the Victorian era
Royal Academicians
World War I artists
Members of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours
20th-century English male artists
19th-century English male artists |
Rita MacNeil (May 28, 1944 – April 16, 2013) was a Canadian singer from the community of Big Pond on Nova Scotia's Cape Breton Island. Her biggest hit, "Flying On Your Own", was a crossover Top 40 hit in 1987 and was covered by Anne Murray the following year, although she had hits on the country and adult contemporary charts throughout her career. In the United Kingdom, MacNeil's song "Working Man" was a No. 11 hit in 1990.
In 1990, she was the bestselling country artist in Canada, outselling even Garth Brooks and Clint Black. She was also the only female singer ever to have three separate albums chart in the same year in Australia.
Through her career MacNeil received five honorary degrees, released 24 albums, won three Juno Awards, a SOCAN National Achievement Award, four CCMA awards, eleven ECMA awards, was inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame and was named to the Orders of Nova Scotia and Canada.
On the eighth anniversary of her death, April 16, 2021, it was announced that Rita MacNeil would be inducted into the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame posthumously in May of that same year.
Personal life
Early years
MacNeil was born in Big Pond to Catherine and Neil J. MacNeil. She was born with a cleft lip and palate. MacNeil was the fifth of eight siblings; she had three brothers and four sisters. Her father owned a local store and was a carpenter, and her mother worked in the family store.
As a young girl, MacNeil was molested by her great-uncle who lived down the road from the family home. For many years she kept this to herself, only revealing it for the first time in her autobiography, recalling years of sexual abuse and noting that he had done everything short of raping her. She noted that the sexual abuse eventually ended, unsure whether it was because someone had found out about it or that her family moved away from Big Pond. She called it a point in her life that profoundly affected her because it was a traumatic passage out of innocence.
1950s
In the mid-1950s MacNeil's parents sold their store and began a big move that would take them to Sydney, then to Toronto. MacNeil's father worked as a carpenter, her mother worked at Eaton's, and her sister Mary worked at a local grocery store. Alcoholism, already a large part of her parents' life, became worse in Toronto, especially with her mother's desire to move back to Cape Breton. After a terrible night of drinking and fighting, MacNeil's older brother Malcolm ('Malkie') arrived in Toronto, and he and Mary convinced their parents that it was time to move back to Cape Breton, which they soon did.
1960s
By the summer of 1960 MacNeil was itching to get away to the city to start making a name for herself. She had just finished Grade 11 when she took a summer job in Toronto, along with her friend Carolyn Tobin, working for CNR. Upon returning to Sydney in the fall, MacNeil knew she wanted nothing more than to begin her singing career, and with her parents' support she moved right back to Toronto to get started.
Like her mother, MacNeil worked for Eaton's, in the Customer Account Services Department By 1964 she had begun taking voice lessons. She had also met a man she described as Sicilian, with jet black hair, brown eyes and very white teeth. She began dating this man although he had told her his parents wanted him to marry a Sicilian woman. She became pregnant in 1965; frightened and unsure of the future, she returned to her parents, who cared for and supported her.
On April 15, 1966, MacNeil gave birth to her daughter Laura. She also started struggling with her weight, which fluctuated from 119 to 183 pounds. That summer MacNeil decided to continue working toward her singing goals as she made a life for her daughter. Leaving Laura with her parents, she returned to Toronto and her Eaton's job.
That fall she met David Langham. By spring 1967 she had married Langham in a small ceremony that included the bride's sister, the groom's brother, and a minister. In her autobiography she wrote that she wore a royal-blue suit and a pink pillbox hat, while Langham wore a suit. The newlyweds moved Laura into their Toronto home in August 1967.
Langham and MacNeil left Toronto in the summer of 1968, purchasing a 78-acre farm in the village of Dundalk. MacNeil's second child, Wade, was born there on April 30, 1970.
1970s
MacNeil longed to return to the city and convinced Langham to sell the farm, and in the fall of 1970 they moved to Etobicoke, just outside the City of Toronto. Growing restless in her marriage, MacNeil made one last attempt to save her relationship by moving back to Cape Breton with her family in 1975. It wasn't enough and she returned to Toronto on her own; for a year she tried to develop her career further while sorting out her feelings. She returned to Cape Breton in spring 1976, became severely depressed, and left again, this time taking her children on her move to Ottawa where, as a single mother, she took jobs cleaning houses and became a welfare recipient. By summer 1979 MacNeil and Langham had filed for divorce.
Career
1970s
MacNeil was first introduced to the women's movement in 1971 and it was pivotal to her music career. In 1972 she wrote the song "Born a Woman," which expressed her feelings about how women were being portrayed by men and in the media. Her mother Catherine died that year after being ill for some time, and at her funeral Rita sang a song she had written, "Who Will I Go to See," which she included on her first album.
In 1975 MacNeil released her first album, Born A Woman, a tribute to those fighting for women's rights across the country. By 1979, her career had taken off. She performed for International Women's Day in Sydney, Cape Breton; realizing she could do her music in Cape Breton, she moved back to Nova Scotia. During the move she realized that her interests extended beyond the women's movement to include places she loved. She wrote songs like "Black Rock," "Rene," "Brown Grass," "My Island Too," and "Old Man," which was about her father.
Research done by historians Steve Hewitt and Christabelle Sethna on documents from the now-defunct Royal Canadian Mounted Police Security Service have revealed accounts of the force having spied on feminists, including MacNeil, during the 1970s.
"Working Man"
"Working Man" was sparked by a visit to the Princess Colliery in Sydney Mines, prompted by the stories of the miners' daily hardships. In her autobiography she notes that the tour guide was suffering from throat cancer, and she had remembered her mother's struggles with it, and as he talked the melody for the song began in her head, complete with lyrics. The song, which peaked at number 11 in the UK charts, became a worldwide sensation and the unofficial anthem for coal miners everywhere.
1980s
In 1981 MacNeil released her second album. Part of the Mystery, which included some of the songs she had written upon returning to Cape Breton: "Part of the Mystery," "Old Man," "Black Rock," and the first release of "Working Man." The work leading up to the album's release was immense; to ensure that it would be picked up, MacNeil and friends formed Big Pond Publishing and Production Limited in 1980, which today is run by her son Wade. In 1983 MacNeil released her third album, I'm Not What I Seem.
In 1985 MacNeil was invited to sing at the Canadian Pavilion in Japan, at Expo '85. Upon her return home she taped her first television special for CBC, Celtic Fantasy, at the Rebecca Cohn Auditorium. Unfortunately the successful year ended in heartache when MacNeil's father died in early December.
After MacNeil had performed several times at Expo '86 in Vancouver, the media began encouraging everyone to go and see her sing. Vancouver was a long way from home, and out of MacNeil's homesickness came "She's Called Nova Scotia."
MacNeil was selected along with John Gracie to tape a pilot episode for a CBC television series called View From the Heart, a variety show similar to her later series Rita & Friends. After travelling to Nashville to record "Flying on Your Own" and "Fast Train to Tokyo," MacNeil learned the show would not go ahead. The press suggested Macneil's appearance had adversely affected her chances; a newspaper headline of the time read 'Fat lady with cleft lip not marketable: So says CBC Toronto'.
Not letting this disappointment get her down, MacNeil was ready to release her fourth album, Flying on Your Own, but record companies were unwilling to pick it up, so she decided to release it under her own record label, Lupin Production. Upon the release, sales in the Maritimes skyrocketed. At the same time she filmed a movie called Candy Mountain, in which she played the small role of a singer named Winnie. By February 1987 Virgin Record Canada and A&M Records Canada had taken over the sales of Flying on Your Own, which had sold 22,000 copies. Sales reached 40,000, eventually hitting Gold Record status, and selling 75,000 copies by the end of 1987. MacNeil also won her first Juno Award in 1987 for Most Promising Female Vocalist.
In 1988 MacNeil received an honorary doctorate from the University of New Brunswick, and released two more albums, Now the Bells Ring and Reason to Believe, which was written for her mother. At the same time Flying on Your Own surpassed 120,000 sales, reaching platinum status. By November 1988, Reason to Believe had reached platinum status.
MacNeil's success was evident. Fellow Canadian singing icon Anne Murray covered the song "Flying on Your Own", on her 1988 album As I Am.
MacNeil was given one of the Canadian music industry's highest honours, the Procan award, now known as Socan.
In 1989 MacNeil received another honorary doctorate, from St. Mary's University. She also filmed another television special, Flying on Your Own, for CTV, and released another album, Rita, which she recorded in Vancouver.
1990s
In 1990 MacNeil was nominated for three Juno awards: Album of the Year, Female Vocalist of the Year, and Country Vocalist of the Year; she won Female Vocalist.
Her album Rita won Album of the Year at the 1990 Canadian Country Music Awards, and at the East Coast Music Awards along with Female Vocalist of the Year. She also filmed her first Christmas special for CTV, Now the Bells Ring, and saw her Christmas album, Now the Bells Ring, reach triple-platinum status and Flying on Your Own reach double-platinum status.
In 1991 MacNeil won Female Vocalist of the Year at the Juno Awards, followed by Female Vocalist, Album of the Year (Home I'll Be), and Song of the Year ("Home I'll Be"), at the East Coast Music Awards. She was also awarded the Socan Award for Highest Airplay of a Song ("We'll Reach the Sky Tonight"). MacNeil also set out on a European tour, which included what she considered a once-in-a-lifetime-opportunity performance at the Royal Albert Hall.
By the fall, MacNeil had won the fan choice for Entertainer of the Year, as well as the award for top-selling album, at the Canadian Country Music Awards.
In the spring of 1992 MacNeil was given the Order of Canada. Upon receipt of this award, she was asked to sing "We'll Reach the Sky Tonight" on Canada Day, during the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada.
IN 1993 MacNeil won the East Coast Music Award for Female Vocalist of the Year and received honorary doctorates from St. Francis Xavier University and Mount St. Vincent University.
1993 World Series MacNeil was invited to Toronto's SkyDome to sing "O Canada" at Game 2 of the World Series. Following the performance, a Toronto journalist made comments about the physical conditions of the Philadelphia Phillies players. In retaliation, a local Philadelphia newspaper took aim at MacNeil stating: "Towns that need forklifts to transport their O Canada singer to home plate, should think twice before describing Phillies as unfit." The journalist further wondered whether MacNeil was paid for her performance by the pound or the note or in Jenny Craig Certificates. In her autobiography MacNeil notes that no retraction or apology was ever issued by the journalist or the newspaper. When asked later if she would sing for another World Series game, she answered true to her humorous self: "Yes, I'd do it, but only if they drive me out onto the field on a forklift."
In her continuing struggles with weight and shopping for clothing in sizes above 26, MacNeil attempted to launch a clothing line, but stores didn't seem interested in carrying the line and shoppers weren't interested in her style. She hoped to get stores to carry sizes up to 32 and Penningtons considered sizes up to 26, but the 'Rita Line' garnered no interest.
More successful was Rita's Tea Room, which opened in 1986. Originally a one-room schoolhouse where she lived, it was expanded in 1993 to include the foyer, gift shop, kitchen, and additional rooms. In later years MacNeil performed summer concert series in the tea room, which included dinner and a show. Upon her death, her former bandmates continued to perform shows during the summer months.
MacNeil received another honorary doctorate in 1994 from the University College of Cape Breton. MacNeil was given the opportunity to host a television variety series from 1994 until 1997 called Rita & Friends. The show was produced by CBC Toronto in Studio 40. The first show brought in 1.7 million viewers. By 1996 the show had been moved from its popular Friday-night slot to Wednesday nights, and was eventually cancelled.
MacNeil won a Gemini Award for Best Performance in a Variety Program in 1996. She was nominated for the same award in 1994, but did not win, and in 1995 was nominated for Best Performance in a Variety Program for her Christmas special, Once Upon a Christmas.
MacNeil wrote a memoir, On a Personal Note with Anne Simpson in 1998 and it was published by Key Porter Books. She was interviewed by CTV journalist Sandie Rinaldo in a one-hour documentary based on her autobiography, Rita MacNeil: On a Personal Note.
2000s
MacNeil produced her final television Christmas special in 2000 for CTV, which included performances by Natalie MacMaster, John McDermott, The Barra MacNeils, Jamie Salé, and David Pelletier, with a special performance by Patti LaBelle.
In 2003 MacNeil filmed a television special titled Rita MacNeil presents The Men of the Deeps, a one-hour special showcasing the coal mining choir The Men of the Deeps. She produced a television special one year later in 2004 called Rita MacNeil's Cape Breton, featuring Jimmy Rankin, Ashley MacIsaac, and The Men of the Deeps.
MacNeil released her second book, Christmas at Home with Rita MacNeil, in 2003. The book shared memories of Christmas in Cape Breton, as well as family recipes and song lyrics. The book also included a copy of her 2003 Christmas album, Late December.
MacNeil was featured in a 2004 episode of Trailer Park Boys, in which she and her band were forced to harvest marijuana at gunpoint.
MacNeil was awarded the Order of Nova Scotia in 2005. She was also awarded the Dr. Helen Creighton Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2005 East Coast Music Awards.
Flying On Her Own, a play based on MacNeil's life and featuring many of her songs, premiered at Live Bait Theatre in Sackville, New Brunswick in 2000. Written by Canadian playwright Charlie Rhindress, it was subsequently produced by Neptune Theatre in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 2002 and published by Playwrights Canada Press in 2008.
2010s
MacNeil's final concert tour was in December 2012, 'Sharing Christmas: Rita MacNeil with Special Guest Frank Mills.' Her last television appearance was December 6, 2012 on George Stroumboulopoulos Tonight hosted by George Stroumboulopoulos. MacNeil's last known stage performance was just over a month before her death, on March 9, 2013 during East Coast Music Week. MacNeil was also given 25th Anniversary Award at the 2013 East Coast Music Awards Gala.
A 25th album was released following MacNeil's death titled Traveling On. It is a memorial album containing some of MacNeil's most cherished songs, hand-picked by her son Wade, her close family and friends, and thousands of fans who gave input via social media.
MacNeil was posthumously inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame in September 2013.
MacNeil was recognized at the 2014 East Coast Music awards with the Directors Special Achievement Award.
A biography of MacNeil, I'm Not What I Seem, by Charlie Rhindress, was published by Formac in October 2016 and became a best seller in Nova Scotia and PEI.
Death
MacNeil died on April 16, 2013, from complications of surgery after a recurrent infection. Early reports from the Globe and Mail that MacNeil contracted an infection while in the hospital were not correct, and the newspaper later printed a correction.
Discography
Television
Awards
Juno
Gemini
ECMA
References
Further reading
External links
1944 births
2013 deaths
Canadian women country singers
Canadian feminists
Canadian folk singer-songwriters
Canadian women singer-songwriters
Canadian television variety show hosts
Infectious disease deaths in Nova Scotia
Juno Award for Artist of the Year winners
Members of the Order of Canada
Members of the Order of Nova Scotia
Musicians from Nova Scotia
People from the Cape Breton Regional Municipality
Canadian Country Music Association Fans' Choice Award winners
Juno Award for Breakthrough Artist of the Year winners
20th-century Canadian women singers
21st-century Canadian women singers
20th-century Canadian singer-songwriters
21st-century Canadian singer-songwriters |
Toniann Pitassi is a Canadian-American mathematician and computer scientist specializing in computational complexity theory. She is currently Jeffrey L. and Brenda Bleustein Professor of Engineering at Columbia University and was Bell Research Chair at the University of Toronto.
Academic career
A native of Pittsburgh, Pitassi earned bachelor's and master's degrees at Pennsylvania State University before moving to the University of Toronto for her doctoral studies; she earned her PhD in 1992 from Toronto under the supervision of Stephen Cook. After postdoctoral studies at the University of California, San Diego and faculty positions at the University of Pittsburgh and University of Arizona, she returned to Toronto in 2001, and was a professor in the University of Toronto Department of Computer Science and University of Toronto Department of Mathematics until 2021, when she joined the faculty of Columbia University.
She was an invited speaker at International Congress of Mathematicians in Berlin in 1998. She was the program chair for the 2012 Symposium on Theory of Computing. From September through December 2017, she was a Visiting Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study.
Research
Pitassi's research has largely focused on proof complexity, a branch of computational complexity theory that seeks upper and lower bounds on the lengths of mathematical proofs of logical propositions within various formalized proof systems. The goal of this study is to use these bounds to understand both the time complexity of proof-finding procedures, and the relative strengths of different proof systems.
Research contributions that she has made in this area include exponential lower bounds for Frege proofs of the pigeonhole principle, exponential lower bounds for the cutting-plane method applied to propositions derived from the maximum clique problem, exponential lower bounds for resolution proofs of dense random 3-satisfiability instances, and subexponential upper bounds for the same dense random instances using the Davis–Putnam algorithm. With Paul Beame, she also wrote a survey of proof complexity.
Recognition
Pitassi was elected as an ACM Fellow in 2018 for "contributions to research and education in the fields of computational and proof complexity".
Pitassi was also the recipient of the EATCS (European Association for Theoretical Computer Science) Award in 2021 for her "fundamental and wide-ranging contributions to computational complexity".
She was named to the National Academy of Sciences in 2022.
Selected publications
.
.
.
. Reprinted in Current Trends in Theoretical Computer Science, World Scientific, 2001, .
.
.
References
Living people
Canadian women mathematicians
Canadian women computer scientists
Canadian computer scientists
University of Toronto alumni
Pennsylvania State University faculty
University of Pittsburgh faculty
University of Arizona faculty
Academic staff of the University of Toronto
Theoretical computer scientists
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Year of birth missing (living people)
Columbia University faculty |
Waterloo Dock A.F.C. is a football club from Liverpool, England. The club is currently in the and plays its home matches at Anfield Sports and Community Centre.
History
Waterloo Dock Football Club were established in 1963 and played in Liverpool Business Houses Leagues until the 1969–70 season, winning the Second Division, First Division and Premier Division titles. They joined the Liverpool County Combination in the 1970–71 season, gaining promotion at the first attempt, winning the Second Division championship. This was the start of a 34-year spell in the top flight of the Liverpool County Combination where the club was to win the First Division championship no less than twelve times and finish as runners-up on a further ten occasions.
The club's best performance in the FA Vase came in 1985–86 when the club progressed to the 4th round, eventually losing to Warrington Town.
The Liverpool County Combination merged with the I Zingari League to form the new Liverpool County Premier League at Step-7 in the National league System for the start of the 2006–07 season and Waterloo Dock have dominated the new league, winning the Premier Division title in each of the first five seasons, although the 2011–12 season saw them lose the title for the first time to Aigburth Peoples Hall when they finished 3rd, their worst league finish since 2001–02.
The club was accepted into the Liverpool Senior Cup in 2006–07 and the club fought their way past AFC Liverpool, Tranmere Rovers and Burscough in the 2008–09 season to become the first side from the Liverpool County Premier League to reach the final. Facing a Liverpool Reserves side containing many of then manager Rafael Benitez's young talents, The Dock were only sunk by a late goal from Krisztian Nemeth after matching Gary Ablett’s side for most of the game.
In November 2008 the Football Association confirmed that club manager Jimmy Davies was the longest ever serving football manager recorded in the country after he had completed 45 years in the job. The record had been held by another Merseysider, Roly Howard, who managed Marine for 33 years. In May 2013, Davies announced that, at the age of 71, he was to retire at the end of the 2012–13 season after 50 years at the helm.
League history
Honours
The club has won over 70 trophies since its formation. Honours include:
League champions
Liverpool County Premier League (6): 2006–07; 2007–08; 2008–09; 2009–10; 2010–11; 2018–19
Liverpool County Football Combination – First Division (12): 1974–75; 1975–76; 1977–78; 1978–79; 1980–81; 1986–87; 1988–89; 1989–90; 1996–97; 1999–2000; 2003–04; 2004–05
Liverpool County Football Combination – Second Division (1): 1970–71
Liverpool Business Houses League Premier Division (1): 1969–70
Liverpool Business Houses League First Division (1): 1967–68
Liverpool Business Houses League Second Division (1): 1966–67
League runners-up
Liverpool County Premier League (3): 2012–13, 2013–14, 2015–16
Liverpool County Football Combination – First Division (11): 1972–73; 1976–77; 1984–85; 1985–86; 1987–88; 1994–95; 1995–96; 2001–01; 2002–03; 2005–06; 2012–13; 2013–14
Liverpool Business Houses League Premier Division (1): 1968–69
Cup-winners
Liverpool County Football Combination – George Mahon Cup (11): 1974–75; 1975–76; 1977–78; 1982–83; 1986–87; 1991–92; 1995–96; 1996–97; 2000–01; 2004–05; 2009–10
LA County Challenge Cup (9): 1976–77; 1988–89; 1994–95; 1998–99; 2003–04; 2004–05; 2005–06; 2009–10; 2012–13
Liverpool FA Amateur Cup (1): 1975–76
Liverpool Business Houses Senior Cup (2): 1967–68; 1969–70
Lord Watertree Cup (1): 2002–03
Lord Mayor's Charity Shield (2): 2004–05; 2005–06
Fred Micklesfield Cup (1): 1976–77
NDLB Newlands Cup (1): 1968–69
Cup runners-up
Liverpool County Football Combination – George Mahon Cup: 2006–07; 2010–11; 2011–12; 2013–14
LA County Challenge Cup: 2010–11
Notable former players
1. Players that have played/managed in the football league or any foreign equivalent to this level (i.e. fully professional league).
2. Players with full international caps.
3. Players that hold a club record or have captained the club.
Ryan Brookfield – played in the Football League for Chester City.
Jimmy Davies - played a small number of games for the club before becoming manager for 50 years.
John Durnin – sold by the club to Liverpool FC for £500 in 1986.
Leighton McGivern – played in the Football League for Rochdale and Accrington Stanley after his first spell at the club.
Mark Maddox – played for Altrincham
Ryan Lowe – played at Sheffield Wednesday
Ray Putterill – played for Accrington Stanley and Rochdale
Managers
Jimmy Davies and John Morton (1963–2013) (1995–2000) (50 years – longest serving manager in English football)
References
External links
Official club website
Football History database entry
Football clubs in England
Football clubs in Liverpool
1963 establishments in England
Association football clubs established in 1963
Liverpool County Football Combination
Liverpool County Premier League |
Rohan Taylor (born 8 January 1965) is a Jamaican cricketer. He played in one List A and five first-class matches for the Jamaican cricket team in 1990/91 and 1991/92.
See also
List of Jamaican representative cricketers
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
Jamaican cricketers
Jamaica cricketers
Sportspeople from Clarendon Parish, Jamaica |
Singerina is a fungal genus in the family Agaricaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Singerina indica, found in Maharashtra, southwest India.
The genus name of Singerina is in honour of Rolf Singer (1906–1994), who was a German-born mycologist and one of the most important taxonomists of gilled mushrooms (agarics) in the 20th century.
See also
List of Agaricaceae genera
List of Agaricales genera
References
Agaricaceae
Fungi of India
Monotypic Agaricales genera |
```yaml
prelude:
|
Released on: 2020-12-10
Pinned to datadog-agent v7.24.0: `CHANGELOG <path_to_url#7240--6240>`_.
``` |
Parvati is a village 1.5 km from Guledagudd in the Bagalkot district in the Indian state of Karnataka.
Shri Parvatesh is the name of Hanuman god whose temple is at Parvati village.
Annual Festival
Every year in December, all Parvatesh devotees gather and organise a two-day festival, the date of which is decided in the evening on Dushera at the temple by the Shri Parvatesh organising committee.
The main attraction of this event is the women who serve Shri Parvatesh by walking over the fire, an act known as "Gandarati". This is performed to seek the blessings of Shri Parvatesh.
Villages in Bagalkot district |
```javascript
//your_sha256_hash---------------------------------------
//your_sha256_hash---------------------------------------
function lifetime_memset(arr, n) {
if(arr[n - 1] !== 0) {
for(var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
arr[i] = 0;
}
}
}
function lifetime_memcopy(arr, arr2, n) {
if(arr[n - 1] !== 1) {
for(var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
arr[i] = arr2[i];
}
}
}
var n = 8;
var arr = Array(n);
var arr2 = Array(n);
lifetime_memset(arr, n);
lifetime_memset(arr2, n);
lifetime_memcopy(arr, arr2, n);
lifetime_memcopy(arr, arr2, n);
print("PASSED");
``` |
```xml
import { OperationOrFragment, SourceWithOperations } from '@graphql-codegen/gql-tag-operations';
import { Source } from '@graphql-tools/utils';
import { FragmentDefinitionNode, OperationDefinitionNode } from 'graphql';
export type BuildNameFunction = (type: OperationDefinitionNode | FragmentDefinitionNode) => string;
export function processSources(sources: Array<Source>, buildName: BuildNameFunction) {
const sourcesWithOperations: Array<SourceWithOperations> = [];
for (const originalSource of sources) {
const source = fixLinebreaks(originalSource);
const { document } = source;
const operations: Array<OperationOrFragment> = [];
for (const definition of document?.definitions ?? []) {
if (definition?.kind !== `OperationDefinition` && definition?.kind !== 'FragmentDefinition') continue;
if (definition.name?.kind !== `Name`) {
if (definition?.kind === `OperationDefinition`) {
// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
console.warn(`[client-preset] the following anonymous operation is skipped: ${source.rawSDL}`);
}
continue;
}
operations.push({
initialName: buildName(definition),
definition,
});
}
if (operations.length === 0) continue;
sourcesWithOperations.push({
source,
operations,
});
}
return sourcesWithOperations;
}
/**
* path_to_url
*
* Source file is read by @graphql/tools using fs.promises.readFile,
* which means that the linebreaks are read as-is and the result will be different
* depending on the OS: it will contain LF (\n) on Linux/MacOS and CRLF (\r\n) on Windows.
*
* In most scenarios that would be OK. However, front-end preset is using the resulting string
* as a TypeScript type. Which means that the string will be compared against a template literal,
* for example:
*
* <pre><code>
* `
* query a {
* a
* }
* ` === '\n query a {\n a\n }\n '
* </code></pre>
*
* According to clause 12.8.6.2 of ECMAScript Language Specification
* (path_to_url#sec-static-semantics-trv),
* when comparing strings, JavaScript doesn't care which linebreaks does the source file contain,
* any linebreak (CR, LF or CRLF) is LF from JavaScript standpoint
* (otherwise the result of the above comparison would be OS-dependent, which doesn't make sense).
*
* Therefore gql-tag-operation would break on Windows as it would generate
*
* '\r\n query a {\r\n a\r\n }\r\n '
*
* which is NOT equal to
*
* <pre><code>
* `
* query a {
* a
* }
* `
* </code></pre>
*
* Therefore we need to replace \r\n with \n in the string.
*
* @param source
*/
function fixLinebreaks(source: Source) {
const fixedSource = { ...source };
fixedSource.rawSDL = source.rawSDL.replace(/\r\n/g, '\n');
return fixedSource;
}
``` |
```python
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
"""
This file provides utilities for running AOT tests, especially for Corstone.
"""
import logging
import itertools
import shutil
import pytest
import tvm
from tvm.testing.aot import AOTTestRunner
pytest.importorskip("tvm.micro")
_LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__)
AOT_DEFAULT_RUNNER = AOTTestRunner()
# AOT Test Runner using the Arm Corstone-300 Reference Systems
# see: path_to_url
AOT_CORSTONE300_RUNNER = AOTTestRunner(
makefile="corstone300",
prologue="""
UartStdOutInit();
""",
includes=["uart_stdout.h"],
pass_config={
"relay.ext.cmsisnn.options": {
"mcpu": "cortex-m55",
}
},
)
AOT_USMP_CORSTONE300_RUNNER = AOTTestRunner(
makefile="corstone300",
prologue="""
UartStdOutInit();
""",
includes=["uart_stdout.h"],
pass_config={
"relay.ext.cmsisnn.options": {
"mcpu": "cortex-m55",
},
"tir.usmp.enable": True,
},
)
AOT_APROFILE_AEM_RUNNER = AOTTestRunner(
makefile="aprofile_aem",
includes=[],
pass_config={
"tir.usmp.enable": False,
# AOT test infra generates 'fake' tensor inputs which fails asserts
"tir.disable_assert": True,
},
)
def parametrize_aot_options(test):
"""Parametrize over valid option combinations"""
requires_arm_eabi = pytest.mark.skipif(
shutil.which("arm-none-eabi-gcc") is None, reason="ARM embedded toolchain unavailable"
)
interface_api = ["packed", "c"]
use_unpacked_api = [True, False]
test_runner = [AOT_DEFAULT_RUNNER, AOT_CORSTONE300_RUNNER]
all_combinations = itertools.product(interface_api, use_unpacked_api, test_runner)
# Filter out packed operators with c interface
valid_combinations = filter(
lambda parameters: not (parameters[0] == "c" and not parameters[1]),
all_combinations,
)
# Only use reference system for C interface and unpacked API calls
valid_combinations = filter(
lambda parameters: not (
parameters[2] == AOT_CORSTONE300_RUNNER
and (parameters[0] == "packed" or not parameters[1])
),
valid_combinations,
)
# Skip reference system tests if running in i386 container
marked_combinations = map(
lambda parameters: pytest.param(*parameters, marks=[requires_arm_eabi])
if parameters[2] == AOT_CORSTONE300_RUNNER
else parameters,
valid_combinations,
)
func = pytest.mark.parametrize(
["interface_api", "use_unpacked_api", "test_runner"],
marked_combinations,
)(test)
return tvm.testing.skip_if_32bit(reason="Reference system unavailable in i386 container")(func)
``` |
This is a list of abandoned and unfinished films.
Films may not be completed for several reasons, with some being shelved during different stages of the production. Some films have been shut down days into production. Other unfinished films have been shot in their entirety but have not completed post-production where the film is edited and sound and score added. This is different from unreleased films which are finished but have not yet been released and shown in theatres or released on DVD. In some instances these films cannot be shown due to legal reasons. Withdrawn films are similar except they did have brief showings but cannot be shown again, also usually for legal reasons.
According to the Film Yearbook, "history has shown that the unfinished film is with few exceptions designed to remain that way." Exceptions do exist: these include Gulliver's Travels and The Jigsaw Man, both of which shut down when they ran out of funds but after a year or more found new financing and were able to finish shooting.
Films abandoned during pre-production
Films that were abandoned during the pre-production stage before principal photography began, and significant preparations had been made such as a completed script, hiring of key cast and crew, scheduled start date for filming, and construction of sets.
Films abandoned during filming
Films that were abandoned after principal photography had commenced, or in the case of animated films, after animation had begun.
Films abandoned during post-production or completed and never released
Films that completed principal photography, or in the case of animated films, after most animation had been completed, but were abandoned during the post-production phase or were completed and never released.
Most expensive abandoned films
The most expensive films with information available from reliable sources regarding how much money had been spent on the film when it was abandoned.
See also
List of lost films
List of incomplete or partially lost films
List of rediscovered films
References
Bibliography
abandoned
Lists of unfinished works |
```assembly
; This file is generated from a similarly-named Perl script in the BoringSSL
; source tree. Do not edit by hand.
%ifidn __OUTPUT_FORMAT__, win64
default rel
%define XMMWORD
%define YMMWORD
%define ZMMWORD
%define _CET_ENDBR
%ifdef BORINGSSL_PREFIX
%include "boringssl_prefix_symbols_nasm.inc"
%endif
section .text code align=64
global sha1_block_data_order_nohw
ALIGN 16
sha1_block_data_order_nohw:
mov QWORD[8+rsp],rdi ;WIN64 prologue
mov QWORD[16+rsp],rsi
mov rax,rsp
$L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_nohw:
mov rdi,rcx
mov rsi,rdx
mov rdx,r8
_CET_ENDBR
mov rax,rsp
push rbx
push rbp
push r12
push r13
push r14
mov r8,rdi
sub rsp,72
mov r9,rsi
and rsp,-64
mov r10,rdx
mov QWORD[64+rsp],rax
$L$prologue:
mov esi,DWORD[r8]
mov edi,DWORD[4+r8]
mov r11d,DWORD[8+r8]
mov r12d,DWORD[12+r8]
mov r13d,DWORD[16+r8]
jmp NEAR $L$loop
ALIGN 16
$L$loop:
mov edx,DWORD[r9]
bswap edx
mov ebp,DWORD[4+r9]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[rsp],edx
mov ecx,esi
bswap ebp
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
and eax,edi
lea r13d,[1518500249+r13*1+rdx]
add r13d,ecx
xor eax,r12d
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
mov r14d,DWORD[8+r9]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[4+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r13d
bswap r14d
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
and eax,esi
lea r12d,[1518500249+r12*1+rbp]
add r12d,ecx
xor eax,r11d
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
mov edx,DWORD[12+r9]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[8+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r12d
bswap edx
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
and eax,r13d
lea r11d,[1518500249+r11*1+r14]
add r11d,ecx
xor eax,edi
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
mov ebp,DWORD[16+r9]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[12+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r11d
bswap ebp
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
and eax,r12d
lea edi,[1518500249+rdi*1+rdx]
add edi,ecx
xor eax,esi
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
mov r14d,DWORD[20+r9]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[16+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,edi
bswap r14d
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
and eax,r11d
lea esi,[1518500249+rsi*1+rbp]
add esi,ecx
xor eax,r13d
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
mov edx,DWORD[24+r9]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[20+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,esi
bswap edx
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
and eax,edi
lea r13d,[1518500249+r13*1+r14]
add r13d,ecx
xor eax,r12d
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
mov ebp,DWORD[28+r9]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[24+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r13d
bswap ebp
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
and eax,esi
lea r12d,[1518500249+r12*1+rdx]
add r12d,ecx
xor eax,r11d
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
mov r14d,DWORD[32+r9]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[28+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r12d
bswap r14d
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
and eax,r13d
lea r11d,[1518500249+r11*1+rbp]
add r11d,ecx
xor eax,edi
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
mov edx,DWORD[36+r9]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[32+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r11d
bswap edx
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
and eax,r12d
lea edi,[1518500249+rdi*1+r14]
add edi,ecx
xor eax,esi
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
mov ebp,DWORD[40+r9]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[36+rsp],edx
mov ecx,edi
bswap ebp
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
and eax,r11d
lea esi,[1518500249+rsi*1+rdx]
add esi,ecx
xor eax,r13d
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
mov r14d,DWORD[44+r9]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[40+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,esi
bswap r14d
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
and eax,edi
lea r13d,[1518500249+r13*1+rbp]
add r13d,ecx
xor eax,r12d
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
mov edx,DWORD[48+r9]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[44+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r13d
bswap edx
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
and eax,esi
lea r12d,[1518500249+r12*1+r14]
add r12d,ecx
xor eax,r11d
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
mov ebp,DWORD[52+r9]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[48+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r12d
bswap ebp
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
and eax,r13d
lea r11d,[1518500249+r11*1+rdx]
add r11d,ecx
xor eax,edi
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
mov r14d,DWORD[56+r9]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[52+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r11d
bswap r14d
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
and eax,r12d
lea edi,[1518500249+rdi*1+rbp]
add edi,ecx
xor eax,esi
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
mov edx,DWORD[60+r9]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[56+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,edi
bswap edx
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
and eax,r11d
lea esi,[1518500249+rsi*1+r14]
add esi,ecx
xor eax,r13d
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
xor ebp,DWORD[rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[60+rsp],edx
mov ecx,esi
xor ebp,DWORD[8+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[32+rsp]
and eax,edi
lea r13d,[1518500249+r13*1+rdx]
rol edi,30
xor eax,r12d
add r13d,ecx
rol ebp,1
add r13d,eax
xor r14d,DWORD[4+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r13d
xor r14d,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[36+rsp]
and eax,esi
lea r12d,[1518500249+r12*1+rbp]
rol esi,30
xor eax,r11d
add r12d,ecx
rol r14d,1
add r12d,eax
xor edx,DWORD[8+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[4+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r12d
xor edx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[40+rsp]
and eax,r13d
lea r11d,[1518500249+r11*1+r14]
rol r13d,30
xor eax,edi
add r11d,ecx
rol edx,1
add r11d,eax
xor ebp,DWORD[12+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[8+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r11d
xor ebp,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
and eax,r12d
lea edi,[1518500249+rdi*1+rdx]
rol r12d,30
xor eax,esi
add edi,ecx
rol ebp,1
add edi,eax
xor r14d,DWORD[16+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[12+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,edi
xor r14d,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[48+rsp]
and eax,r11d
lea esi,[1518500249+rsi*1+rbp]
rol r11d,30
xor eax,r13d
add esi,ecx
rol r14d,1
add esi,eax
xor edx,DWORD[20+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[16+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,esi
xor edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[52+rsp]
lea r13d,[1859775393+r13*1+r14]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[20+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r13d
xor ebp,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[56+rsp]
lea r12d,[1859775393+r12*1+rdx]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[28+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[24+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r12d
xor r14d,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[60+rsp]
lea r11d,[1859775393+r11*1+rbp]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[32+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[28+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r11d
xor edx,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[rsp]
lea edi,[1859775393+rdi*1+r14]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[36+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[32+rsp],edx
mov ecx,edi
xor ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[4+rsp]
lea esi,[1859775393+rsi*1+rdx]
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[40+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[36+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,esi
xor r14d,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[8+rsp]
lea r13d,[1859775393+r13*1+rbp]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[44+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[40+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r13d
xor edx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[12+rsp]
lea r12d,[1859775393+r12*1+r14]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[48+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[44+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r12d
xor ebp,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[16+rsp]
lea r11d,[1859775393+r11*1+rdx]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[52+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[48+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r11d
xor r14d,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[20+rsp]
lea edi,[1859775393+rdi*1+rbp]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[56+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[52+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,edi
xor edx,DWORD[rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[24+rsp]
lea esi,[1859775393+rsi*1+r14]
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[60+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[56+rsp],edx
mov ecx,esi
xor ebp,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[28+rsp]
lea r13d,[1859775393+r13*1+rdx]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[60+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r13d
xor r14d,DWORD[8+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[32+rsp]
lea r12d,[1859775393+r12*1+rbp]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[4+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r12d
xor edx,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[36+rsp]
lea r11d,[1859775393+r11*1+r14]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[8+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[4+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r11d
xor ebp,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[40+rsp]
lea edi,[1859775393+rdi*1+rdx]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[12+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[8+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,edi
xor r14d,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[44+rsp]
lea esi,[1859775393+rsi*1+rbp]
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[16+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[12+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,esi
xor edx,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[48+rsp]
lea r13d,[1859775393+r13*1+r14]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[20+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[16+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r13d
xor ebp,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[52+rsp]
lea r12d,[1859775393+r12*1+rdx]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[24+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[20+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r12d
xor r14d,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[56+rsp]
lea r11d,[1859775393+r11*1+rbp]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[24+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r11d
xor edx,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[60+rsp]
lea edi,[1859775393+rdi*1+r14]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[32+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[28+rsp],edx
mov ecx,edi
xor ebp,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[rsp]
lea esi,[1859775393+rsi*1+rdx]
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[36+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[32+rsp],ebp
mov ebx,r12d
xor r14d,DWORD[44+rsp]
and eax,r11d
mov ecx,esi
xor r14d,DWORD[4+rsp]
lea r13d,[((-1894007588))+r13*1+rbp]
xor ebx,r11d
rol ecx,5
add r13d,eax
rol r14d,1
and ebx,edi
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,ebx
xor edx,DWORD[40+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[36+rsp],r14d
mov ebx,r11d
xor edx,DWORD[48+rsp]
and eax,edi
mov ecx,r13d
xor edx,DWORD[8+rsp]
lea r12d,[((-1894007588))+r12*1+r14]
xor ebx,edi
rol ecx,5
add r12d,eax
rol edx,1
and ebx,esi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,ebx
xor ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[40+rsp],edx
mov ebx,edi
xor ebp,DWORD[52+rsp]
and eax,esi
mov ecx,r12d
xor ebp,DWORD[12+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-1894007588))+r11*1+rdx]
xor ebx,esi
rol ecx,5
add r11d,eax
rol ebp,1
and ebx,r13d
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,ebx
xor r14d,DWORD[48+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[44+rsp],ebp
mov ebx,esi
xor r14d,DWORD[56+rsp]
and eax,r13d
mov ecx,r11d
xor r14d,DWORD[16+rsp]
lea edi,[((-1894007588))+rdi*1+rbp]
xor ebx,r13d
rol ecx,5
add edi,eax
rol r14d,1
and ebx,r12d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,ebx
xor edx,DWORD[52+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[48+rsp],r14d
mov ebx,r13d
xor edx,DWORD[60+rsp]
and eax,r12d
mov ecx,edi
xor edx,DWORD[20+rsp]
lea esi,[((-1894007588))+rsi*1+r14]
xor ebx,r12d
rol ecx,5
add esi,eax
rol edx,1
and ebx,r11d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,ebx
xor ebp,DWORD[56+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[52+rsp],edx
mov ebx,r12d
xor ebp,DWORD[rsp]
and eax,r11d
mov ecx,esi
xor ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
lea r13d,[((-1894007588))+r13*1+rdx]
xor ebx,r11d
rol ecx,5
add r13d,eax
rol ebp,1
and ebx,edi
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,ebx
xor r14d,DWORD[60+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[56+rsp],ebp
mov ebx,r11d
xor r14d,DWORD[4+rsp]
and eax,edi
mov ecx,r13d
xor r14d,DWORD[28+rsp]
lea r12d,[((-1894007588))+r12*1+rbp]
xor ebx,edi
rol ecx,5
add r12d,eax
rol r14d,1
and ebx,esi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,ebx
xor edx,DWORD[rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[60+rsp],r14d
mov ebx,edi
xor edx,DWORD[8+rsp]
and eax,esi
mov ecx,r12d
xor edx,DWORD[32+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-1894007588))+r11*1+r14]
xor ebx,esi
rol ecx,5
add r11d,eax
rol edx,1
and ebx,r13d
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,ebx
xor ebp,DWORD[4+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[rsp],edx
mov ebx,esi
xor ebp,DWORD[12+rsp]
and eax,r13d
mov ecx,r11d
xor ebp,DWORD[36+rsp]
lea edi,[((-1894007588))+rdi*1+rdx]
xor ebx,r13d
rol ecx,5
add edi,eax
rol ebp,1
and ebx,r12d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,ebx
xor r14d,DWORD[8+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[4+rsp],ebp
mov ebx,r13d
xor r14d,DWORD[16+rsp]
and eax,r12d
mov ecx,edi
xor r14d,DWORD[40+rsp]
lea esi,[((-1894007588))+rsi*1+rbp]
xor ebx,r12d
rol ecx,5
add esi,eax
rol r14d,1
and ebx,r11d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,ebx
xor edx,DWORD[12+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[8+rsp],r14d
mov ebx,r12d
xor edx,DWORD[20+rsp]
and eax,r11d
mov ecx,esi
xor edx,DWORD[44+rsp]
lea r13d,[((-1894007588))+r13*1+r14]
xor ebx,r11d
rol ecx,5
add r13d,eax
rol edx,1
and ebx,edi
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,ebx
xor ebp,DWORD[16+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[12+rsp],edx
mov ebx,r11d
xor ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
and eax,edi
mov ecx,r13d
xor ebp,DWORD[48+rsp]
lea r12d,[((-1894007588))+r12*1+rdx]
xor ebx,edi
rol ecx,5
add r12d,eax
rol ebp,1
and ebx,esi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,ebx
xor r14d,DWORD[20+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[16+rsp],ebp
mov ebx,edi
xor r14d,DWORD[28+rsp]
and eax,esi
mov ecx,r12d
xor r14d,DWORD[52+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-1894007588))+r11*1+rbp]
xor ebx,esi
rol ecx,5
add r11d,eax
rol r14d,1
and ebx,r13d
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,ebx
xor edx,DWORD[24+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[20+rsp],r14d
mov ebx,esi
xor edx,DWORD[32+rsp]
and eax,r13d
mov ecx,r11d
xor edx,DWORD[56+rsp]
lea edi,[((-1894007588))+rdi*1+r14]
xor ebx,r13d
rol ecx,5
add edi,eax
rol edx,1
and ebx,r12d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,ebx
xor ebp,DWORD[28+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[24+rsp],edx
mov ebx,r13d
xor ebp,DWORD[36+rsp]
and eax,r12d
mov ecx,edi
xor ebp,DWORD[60+rsp]
lea esi,[((-1894007588))+rsi*1+rdx]
xor ebx,r12d
rol ecx,5
add esi,eax
rol ebp,1
and ebx,r11d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,ebx
xor r14d,DWORD[32+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[28+rsp],ebp
mov ebx,r12d
xor r14d,DWORD[40+rsp]
and eax,r11d
mov ecx,esi
xor r14d,DWORD[rsp]
lea r13d,[((-1894007588))+r13*1+rbp]
xor ebx,r11d
rol ecx,5
add r13d,eax
rol r14d,1
and ebx,edi
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,ebx
xor edx,DWORD[36+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[32+rsp],r14d
mov ebx,r11d
xor edx,DWORD[44+rsp]
and eax,edi
mov ecx,r13d
xor edx,DWORD[4+rsp]
lea r12d,[((-1894007588))+r12*1+r14]
xor ebx,edi
rol ecx,5
add r12d,eax
rol edx,1
and ebx,esi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,ebx
xor ebp,DWORD[40+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[36+rsp],edx
mov ebx,edi
xor ebp,DWORD[48+rsp]
and eax,esi
mov ecx,r12d
xor ebp,DWORD[8+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-1894007588))+r11*1+rdx]
xor ebx,esi
rol ecx,5
add r11d,eax
rol ebp,1
and ebx,r13d
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,ebx
xor r14d,DWORD[44+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[40+rsp],ebp
mov ebx,esi
xor r14d,DWORD[52+rsp]
and eax,r13d
mov ecx,r11d
xor r14d,DWORD[12+rsp]
lea edi,[((-1894007588))+rdi*1+rbp]
xor ebx,r13d
rol ecx,5
add edi,eax
rol r14d,1
and ebx,r12d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,ebx
xor edx,DWORD[48+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[44+rsp],r14d
mov ebx,r13d
xor edx,DWORD[56+rsp]
and eax,r12d
mov ecx,edi
xor edx,DWORD[16+rsp]
lea esi,[((-1894007588))+rsi*1+r14]
xor ebx,r12d
rol ecx,5
add esi,eax
rol edx,1
and ebx,r11d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,ebx
xor ebp,DWORD[52+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[48+rsp],edx
mov ecx,esi
xor ebp,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[20+rsp]
lea r13d,[((-899497514))+r13*1+rdx]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[56+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[52+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r13d
xor r14d,DWORD[rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[24+rsp]
lea r12d,[((-899497514))+r12*1+rbp]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[60+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[56+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r12d
xor edx,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-899497514))+r11*1+r14]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[60+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r11d
xor ebp,DWORD[8+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[32+rsp]
lea edi,[((-899497514))+rdi*1+rdx]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[4+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[rsp],ebp
mov ecx,edi
xor r14d,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[36+rsp]
lea esi,[((-899497514))+rsi*1+rbp]
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[8+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[4+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,esi
xor edx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[40+rsp]
lea r13d,[((-899497514))+r13*1+r14]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[12+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[8+rsp],edx
mov ecx,r13d
xor ebp,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
lea r12d,[((-899497514))+r12*1+rdx]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[16+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov DWORD[12+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,r12d
xor r14d,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[48+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-899497514))+r11*1+rbp]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[20+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov DWORD[16+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r11d
xor edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[52+rsp]
lea edi,[((-899497514))+rdi*1+r14]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov DWORD[20+rsp],edx
mov ecx,edi
xor ebp,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[56+rsp]
lea esi,[((-899497514))+rsi*1+rdx]
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[28+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov DWORD[24+rsp],ebp
mov ecx,esi
xor r14d,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[60+rsp]
lea r13d,[((-899497514))+r13*1+rbp]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[32+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov DWORD[28+rsp],r14d
mov ecx,r13d
xor edx,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[rsp]
lea r12d,[((-899497514))+r12*1+r14]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[36+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov ecx,r12d
xor ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[4+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-899497514))+r11*1+rdx]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[40+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov ecx,r11d
xor r14d,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[8+rsp]
lea edi,[((-899497514))+rdi*1+rbp]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[44+rsp]
mov eax,r11d
mov ecx,edi
xor edx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor eax,r13d
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[12+rsp]
lea esi,[((-899497514))+rsi*1+r14]
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[48+rsp]
mov eax,edi
mov ecx,esi
xor ebp,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor eax,r12d
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[16+rsp]
lea r13d,[((-899497514))+r13*1+rdx]
xor eax,r11d
add r13d,ecx
rol edi,30
add r13d,eax
rol ebp,1
xor r14d,DWORD[52+rsp]
mov eax,esi
mov ecx,r13d
xor r14d,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor eax,r11d
rol ecx,5
xor r14d,DWORD[20+rsp]
lea r12d,[((-899497514))+r12*1+rbp]
xor eax,edi
add r12d,ecx
rol esi,30
add r12d,eax
rol r14d,1
xor edx,DWORD[56+rsp]
mov eax,r13d
mov ecx,r12d
xor edx,DWORD[rsp]
xor eax,edi
rol ecx,5
xor edx,DWORD[24+rsp]
lea r11d,[((-899497514))+r11*1+r14]
xor eax,esi
add r11d,ecx
rol r13d,30
add r11d,eax
rol edx,1
xor ebp,DWORD[60+rsp]
mov eax,r12d
mov ecx,r11d
xor ebp,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor eax,esi
rol ecx,5
xor ebp,DWORD[28+rsp]
lea edi,[((-899497514))+rdi*1+rdx]
xor eax,r13d
add edi,ecx
rol r12d,30
add edi,eax
rol ebp,1
mov eax,r11d
mov ecx,edi
xor eax,r13d
lea esi,[((-899497514))+rsi*1+rbp]
rol ecx,5
xor eax,r12d
add esi,ecx
rol r11d,30
add esi,eax
add esi,DWORD[r8]
add edi,DWORD[4+r8]
add r11d,DWORD[8+r8]
add r12d,DWORD[12+r8]
add r13d,DWORD[16+r8]
mov DWORD[r8],esi
mov DWORD[4+r8],edi
mov DWORD[8+r8],r11d
mov DWORD[12+r8],r12d
mov DWORD[16+r8],r13d
sub r10,1
lea r9,[64+r9]
jnz NEAR $L$loop
mov rsi,QWORD[64+rsp]
mov r14,QWORD[((-40))+rsi]
mov r13,QWORD[((-32))+rsi]
mov r12,QWORD[((-24))+rsi]
mov rbp,QWORD[((-16))+rsi]
mov rbx,QWORD[((-8))+rsi]
lea rsp,[rsi]
$L$epilogue:
mov rdi,QWORD[8+rsp] ;WIN64 epilogue
mov rsi,QWORD[16+rsp]
ret
$L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_nohw:
global sha1_block_data_order_hw
ALIGN 32
sha1_block_data_order_hw:
mov QWORD[8+rsp],rdi ;WIN64 prologue
mov QWORD[16+rsp],rsi
mov rax,rsp
$L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_hw:
mov rdi,rcx
mov rsi,rdx
mov rdx,r8
_CET_ENDBR
lea rsp,[((-72))+rsp]
movaps XMMWORD[(-8-64)+rax],xmm6
movaps XMMWORD[(-8-48)+rax],xmm7
movaps XMMWORD[(-8-32)+rax],xmm8
movaps XMMWORD[(-8-16)+rax],xmm9
$L$prologue_shaext:
movdqu xmm0,XMMWORD[rdi]
movd xmm1,DWORD[16+rdi]
movdqa xmm3,XMMWORD[((K_XX_XX+160))]
movdqu xmm4,XMMWORD[rsi]
pshufd xmm0,xmm0,27
movdqu xmm5,XMMWORD[16+rsi]
pshufd xmm1,xmm1,27
movdqu xmm6,XMMWORD[32+rsi]
DB 102,15,56,0,227
movdqu xmm7,XMMWORD[48+rsi]
DB 102,15,56,0,235
DB 102,15,56,0,243
movdqa xmm9,xmm1
DB 102,15,56,0,251
jmp NEAR $L$oop_shaext
ALIGN 16
$L$oop_shaext:
dec rdx
lea r8,[64+rsi]
paddd xmm1,xmm4
cmovne rsi,r8
prefetcht0 [512+rsi]
movdqa xmm8,xmm0
DB 15,56,201,229
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,0
DB 15,56,200,213
pxor xmm4,xmm6
DB 15,56,201,238
DB 15,56,202,231
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,0
DB 15,56,200,206
pxor xmm5,xmm7
DB 15,56,202,236
DB 15,56,201,247
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,0
DB 15,56,200,215
pxor xmm6,xmm4
DB 15,56,201,252
DB 15,56,202,245
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,0
DB 15,56,200,204
pxor xmm7,xmm5
DB 15,56,202,254
DB 15,56,201,229
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,0
DB 15,56,200,213
pxor xmm4,xmm6
DB 15,56,201,238
DB 15,56,202,231
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,1
DB 15,56,200,206
pxor xmm5,xmm7
DB 15,56,202,236
DB 15,56,201,247
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,1
DB 15,56,200,215
pxor xmm6,xmm4
DB 15,56,201,252
DB 15,56,202,245
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,1
DB 15,56,200,204
pxor xmm7,xmm5
DB 15,56,202,254
DB 15,56,201,229
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,1
DB 15,56,200,213
pxor xmm4,xmm6
DB 15,56,201,238
DB 15,56,202,231
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,1
DB 15,56,200,206
pxor xmm5,xmm7
DB 15,56,202,236
DB 15,56,201,247
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,2
DB 15,56,200,215
pxor xmm6,xmm4
DB 15,56,201,252
DB 15,56,202,245
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,2
DB 15,56,200,204
pxor xmm7,xmm5
DB 15,56,202,254
DB 15,56,201,229
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,2
DB 15,56,200,213
pxor xmm4,xmm6
DB 15,56,201,238
DB 15,56,202,231
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,2
DB 15,56,200,206
pxor xmm5,xmm7
DB 15,56,202,236
DB 15,56,201,247
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,2
DB 15,56,200,215
pxor xmm6,xmm4
DB 15,56,201,252
DB 15,56,202,245
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,3
DB 15,56,200,204
pxor xmm7,xmm5
DB 15,56,202,254
movdqu xmm4,XMMWORD[rsi]
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,3
DB 15,56,200,213
movdqu xmm5,XMMWORD[16+rsi]
DB 102,15,56,0,227
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,3
DB 15,56,200,206
movdqu xmm6,XMMWORD[32+rsi]
DB 102,15,56,0,235
movdqa xmm2,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,193,3
DB 15,56,200,215
movdqu xmm7,XMMWORD[48+rsi]
DB 102,15,56,0,243
movdqa xmm1,xmm0
DB 15,58,204,194,3
DB 65,15,56,200,201
DB 102,15,56,0,251
paddd xmm0,xmm8
movdqa xmm9,xmm1
jnz NEAR $L$oop_shaext
pshufd xmm0,xmm0,27
pshufd xmm1,xmm1,27
movdqu XMMWORD[rdi],xmm0
movd DWORD[16+rdi],xmm1
movaps xmm6,XMMWORD[((-8-64))+rax]
movaps xmm7,XMMWORD[((-8-48))+rax]
movaps xmm8,XMMWORD[((-8-32))+rax]
movaps xmm9,XMMWORD[((-8-16))+rax]
mov rsp,rax
$L$epilogue_shaext:
mov rdi,QWORD[8+rsp] ;WIN64 epilogue
mov rsi,QWORD[16+rsp]
ret
$L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_hw:
global sha1_block_data_order_ssse3
ALIGN 16
sha1_block_data_order_ssse3:
mov QWORD[8+rsp],rdi ;WIN64 prologue
mov QWORD[16+rsp],rsi
mov rax,rsp
$L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_ssse3:
mov rdi,rcx
mov rsi,rdx
mov rdx,r8
_CET_ENDBR
mov r11,rsp
push rbx
push rbp
push r12
push r13
push r14
lea rsp,[((-160))+rsp]
movaps XMMWORD[(-40-96)+r11],xmm6
movaps XMMWORD[(-40-80)+r11],xmm7
movaps XMMWORD[(-40-64)+r11],xmm8
movaps XMMWORD[(-40-48)+r11],xmm9
movaps XMMWORD[(-40-32)+r11],xmm10
movaps XMMWORD[(-40-16)+r11],xmm11
$L$prologue_ssse3:
and rsp,-64
mov r8,rdi
mov r9,rsi
mov r10,rdx
shl r10,6
add r10,r9
lea r14,[((K_XX_XX+64))]
mov eax,DWORD[r8]
mov ebx,DWORD[4+r8]
mov ecx,DWORD[8+r8]
mov edx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov esi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD[16+r8]
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
and esi,edi
movdqa xmm6,XMMWORD[64+r14]
movdqa xmm9,XMMWORD[((-64))+r14]
movdqu xmm0,XMMWORD[r9]
movdqu xmm1,XMMWORD[16+r9]
movdqu xmm2,XMMWORD[32+r9]
movdqu xmm3,XMMWORD[48+r9]
DB 102,15,56,0,198
DB 102,15,56,0,206
DB 102,15,56,0,214
add r9,64
paddd xmm0,xmm9
DB 102,15,56,0,222
paddd xmm1,xmm9
paddd xmm2,xmm9
movdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm0
psubd xmm0,xmm9
movdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm1
psubd xmm1,xmm9
movdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm2
psubd xmm2,xmm9
jmp NEAR $L$oop_ssse3
ALIGN 16
$L$oop_ssse3:
ror ebx,2
pshufd xmm4,xmm0,238
xor esi,edx
movdqa xmm8,xmm3
paddd xmm9,xmm3
mov edi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[rsp]
punpcklqdq xmm4,xmm1
xor ebx,ecx
rol eax,5
add ebp,esi
psrldq xmm8,4
and edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
pxor xmm4,xmm0
add ebp,eax
ror eax,7
pxor xmm8,xmm2
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[4+rsp]
pxor xmm4,xmm8
xor eax,ebx
rol ebp,5
movdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm9
add edx,edi
and esi,eax
movdqa xmm10,xmm4
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
ror ebp,7
movdqa xmm8,xmm4
xor esi,ebx
pslldq xmm10,12
paddd xmm4,xmm4
mov edi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[8+rsp]
psrld xmm8,31
xor ebp,eax
rol edx,5
add ecx,esi
movdqa xmm9,xmm10
and edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
psrld xmm10,30
add ecx,edx
ror edx,7
por xmm4,xmm8
xor edi,eax
mov esi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[12+rsp]
pslld xmm9,2
pxor xmm4,xmm10
xor edx,ebp
movdqa xmm10,XMMWORD[((-64))+r14]
rol ecx,5
add ebx,edi
and esi,edx
pxor xmm4,xmm9
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
ror ecx,7
pshufd xmm5,xmm1,238
xor esi,ebp
movdqa xmm9,xmm4
paddd xmm10,xmm4
mov edi,ebx
add eax,DWORD[16+rsp]
punpcklqdq xmm5,xmm2
xor ecx,edx
rol ebx,5
add eax,esi
psrldq xmm9,4
and edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
pxor xmm5,xmm1
add eax,ebx
ror ebx,7
pxor xmm9,xmm3
xor edi,edx
mov esi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[20+rsp]
pxor xmm5,xmm9
xor ebx,ecx
rol eax,5
movdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm10
add ebp,edi
and esi,ebx
movdqa xmm8,xmm5
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
ror eax,7
movdqa xmm9,xmm5
xor esi,ecx
pslldq xmm8,12
paddd xmm5,xmm5
mov edi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[24+rsp]
psrld xmm9,31
xor eax,ebx
rol ebp,5
add edx,esi
movdqa xmm10,xmm8
and edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
psrld xmm8,30
add edx,ebp
ror ebp,7
por xmm5,xmm9
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[28+rsp]
pslld xmm10,2
pxor xmm5,xmm8
xor ebp,eax
movdqa xmm8,XMMWORD[((-32))+r14]
rol edx,5
add ecx,edi
and esi,ebp
pxor xmm5,xmm10
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
ror edx,7
pshufd xmm6,xmm2,238
xor esi,eax
movdqa xmm10,xmm5
paddd xmm8,xmm5
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[32+rsp]
punpcklqdq xmm6,xmm3
xor edx,ebp
rol ecx,5
add ebx,esi
psrldq xmm10,4
and edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
pxor xmm6,xmm2
add ebx,ecx
ror ecx,7
pxor xmm10,xmm4
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ebx
add eax,DWORD[36+rsp]
pxor xmm6,xmm10
xor ecx,edx
rol ebx,5
movdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm8
add eax,edi
and esi,ecx
movdqa xmm9,xmm6
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
ror ebx,7
movdqa xmm10,xmm6
xor esi,edx
pslldq xmm9,12
paddd xmm6,xmm6
mov edi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[40+rsp]
psrld xmm10,31
xor ebx,ecx
rol eax,5
add ebp,esi
movdqa xmm8,xmm9
and edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
psrld xmm9,30
add ebp,eax
ror eax,7
por xmm6,xmm10
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[44+rsp]
pslld xmm8,2
pxor xmm6,xmm9
xor eax,ebx
movdqa xmm9,XMMWORD[((-32))+r14]
rol ebp,5
add edx,edi
and esi,eax
pxor xmm6,xmm8
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
ror ebp,7
pshufd xmm7,xmm3,238
xor esi,ebx
movdqa xmm8,xmm6
paddd xmm9,xmm6
mov edi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[48+rsp]
punpcklqdq xmm7,xmm4
xor ebp,eax
rol edx,5
add ecx,esi
psrldq xmm8,4
and edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
pxor xmm7,xmm3
add ecx,edx
ror edx,7
pxor xmm8,xmm5
xor edi,eax
mov esi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[52+rsp]
pxor xmm7,xmm8
xor edx,ebp
rol ecx,5
movdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm9
add ebx,edi
and esi,edx
movdqa xmm10,xmm7
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
ror ecx,7
movdqa xmm8,xmm7
xor esi,ebp
pslldq xmm10,12
paddd xmm7,xmm7
mov edi,ebx
add eax,DWORD[56+rsp]
psrld xmm8,31
xor ecx,edx
rol ebx,5
add eax,esi
movdqa xmm9,xmm10
and edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
psrld xmm10,30
add eax,ebx
ror ebx,7
por xmm7,xmm8
xor edi,edx
mov esi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[60+rsp]
pslld xmm9,2
pxor xmm7,xmm10
xor ebx,ecx
movdqa xmm10,XMMWORD[((-32))+r14]
rol eax,5
add ebp,edi
and esi,ebx
pxor xmm7,xmm9
pshufd xmm9,xmm6,238
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
ror eax,7
pxor xmm0,xmm4
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[rsp]
punpcklqdq xmm9,xmm7
xor eax,ebx
rol ebp,5
pxor xmm0,xmm1
add edx,esi
and edi,eax
movdqa xmm8,xmm10
xor eax,ebx
paddd xmm10,xmm7
add edx,ebp
pxor xmm0,xmm9
ror ebp,7
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[4+rsp]
movdqa xmm9,xmm0
xor ebp,eax
rol edx,5
movdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm10
add ecx,edi
and esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
pslld xmm0,2
add ecx,edx
ror edx,7
psrld xmm9,30
xor esi,eax
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[8+rsp]
por xmm0,xmm9
xor edx,ebp
rol ecx,5
pshufd xmm10,xmm7,238
add ebx,esi
and edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ebx
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
pxor xmm1,xmm5
add ebp,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
punpcklqdq xmm10,xmm0
mov edi,eax
rol eax,5
pxor xmm1,xmm2
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
movdqa xmm9,xmm8
ror ebx,7
paddd xmm8,xmm0
add ebp,eax
pxor xmm1,xmm10
add edx,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
rol ebp,5
movdqa xmm10,xmm1
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
movdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm8
ror eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[24+rsp]
pslld xmm1,2
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
psrld xmm10,30
rol edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
ror ebp,7
por xmm1,xmm10
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[28+rsp]
pshufd xmm8,xmm0,238
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
rol ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
ror edx,7
add ebx,ecx
pxor xmm2,xmm6
add eax,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor esi,edx
punpcklqdq xmm8,xmm1
mov edi,ebx
rol ebx,5
pxor xmm2,xmm3
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
movdqa xmm10,XMMWORD[r14]
ror ecx,7
paddd xmm9,xmm1
add eax,ebx
pxor xmm2,xmm8
add ebp,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
rol eax,5
movdqa xmm8,xmm2
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
movdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm9
ror ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[40+rsp]
pslld xmm2,2
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
psrld xmm8,30
rol ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
ror eax,7
por xmm2,xmm8
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[44+rsp]
pshufd xmm9,xmm1,238
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
rol edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
ror ebp,7
add ecx,edx
pxor xmm3,xmm7
add ebx,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
punpcklqdq xmm9,xmm2
mov edi,ecx
rol ecx,5
pxor xmm3,xmm4
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
movdqa xmm8,xmm10
ror edx,7
paddd xmm10,xmm2
add ebx,ecx
pxor xmm3,xmm9
add eax,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
rol ebx,5
movdqa xmm9,xmm3
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
movdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm10
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[56+rsp]
pslld xmm3,2
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
psrld xmm9,30
rol eax,5
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
ror ebx,7
por xmm3,xmm9
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[60+rsp]
pshufd xmm10,xmm2,238
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
rol ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
ror eax,7
add edx,ebp
pxor xmm4,xmm0
add ecx,DWORD[rsp]
xor esi,eax
punpcklqdq xmm10,xmm3
mov edi,edx
rol edx,5
pxor xmm4,xmm5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
movdqa xmm9,xmm8
ror ebp,7
paddd xmm8,xmm3
add ecx,edx
pxor xmm4,xmm10
add ebx,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
rol ecx,5
movdqa xmm10,xmm4
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
movdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm8
ror edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[8+rsp]
pslld xmm4,2
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
psrld xmm10,30
rol ebx,5
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
ror ecx,7
por xmm4,xmm10
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[12+rsp]
pshufd xmm8,xmm3,238
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
rol eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
ror ebx,7
add ebp,eax
pxor xmm5,xmm1
add edx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
punpcklqdq xmm8,xmm4
mov edi,ebp
rol ebp,5
pxor xmm5,xmm6
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
movdqa xmm10,xmm9
ror eax,7
paddd xmm9,xmm4
add edx,ebp
pxor xmm5,xmm8
add ecx,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
rol edx,5
movdqa xmm8,xmm5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
movdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm9
ror ebp,7
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[24+rsp]
pslld xmm5,2
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
psrld xmm8,30
rol ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
ror edx,7
por xmm5,xmm8
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[28+rsp]
pshufd xmm9,xmm4,238
ror ecx,7
mov esi,ebx
xor edi,edx
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
pxor xmm6,xmm2
add ebp,DWORD[32+rsp]
and esi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
ror ebx,7
punpcklqdq xmm9,xmm5
mov edi,eax
xor esi,ecx
pxor xmm6,xmm7
rol eax,5
add ebp,esi
movdqa xmm8,xmm10
xor edi,ebx
paddd xmm10,xmm5
xor ebx,ecx
pxor xmm6,xmm9
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[36+rsp]
and edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
ror eax,7
movdqa xmm9,xmm6
mov esi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
movdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm10
rol ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,eax
pslld xmm6,2
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
psrld xmm9,30
add ecx,DWORD[40+rsp]
and esi,eax
xor eax,ebx
por xmm6,xmm9
ror ebp,7
mov edi,edx
xor esi,eax
rol edx,5
pshufd xmm10,xmm5,238
add ecx,esi
xor edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[44+rsp]
and edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
ror edx,7
mov esi,ecx
xor edi,ebp
rol ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
pxor xmm7,xmm3
add eax,DWORD[48+rsp]
and esi,edx
xor edx,ebp
ror ecx,7
punpcklqdq xmm10,xmm6
mov edi,ebx
xor esi,edx
pxor xmm7,xmm0
rol ebx,5
add eax,esi
movdqa xmm9,XMMWORD[32+r14]
xor edi,ecx
paddd xmm8,xmm6
xor ecx,edx
pxor xmm7,xmm10
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[52+rsp]
and edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
ror ebx,7
movdqa xmm10,xmm7
mov esi,eax
xor edi,ecx
movdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm8
rol eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ebx
pslld xmm7,2
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
psrld xmm10,30
add edx,DWORD[56+rsp]
and esi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
por xmm7,xmm10
ror eax,7
mov edi,ebp
xor esi,ebx
rol ebp,5
pshufd xmm8,xmm6,238
add edx,esi
xor edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[60+rsp]
and edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
ror ebp,7
mov esi,edx
xor edi,eax
rol edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
pxor xmm0,xmm4
add ebx,DWORD[rsp]
and esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
ror edx,7
punpcklqdq xmm8,xmm7
mov edi,ecx
xor esi,ebp
pxor xmm0,xmm1
rol ecx,5
add ebx,esi
movdqa xmm10,xmm9
xor edi,edx
paddd xmm9,xmm7
xor edx,ebp
pxor xmm0,xmm8
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[4+rsp]
and edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
ror ecx,7
movdqa xmm8,xmm0
mov esi,ebx
xor edi,edx
movdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm9
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,ecx
pslld xmm0,2
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
psrld xmm8,30
add ebp,DWORD[8+rsp]
and esi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
por xmm0,xmm8
ror ebx,7
mov edi,eax
xor esi,ecx
rol eax,5
pshufd xmm9,xmm7,238
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[12+rsp]
and edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
ror eax,7
mov esi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
rol ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
pxor xmm1,xmm5
add ecx,DWORD[16+rsp]
and esi,eax
xor eax,ebx
ror ebp,7
punpcklqdq xmm9,xmm0
mov edi,edx
xor esi,eax
pxor xmm1,xmm2
rol edx,5
add ecx,esi
movdqa xmm8,xmm10
xor edi,ebp
paddd xmm10,xmm0
xor ebp,eax
pxor xmm1,xmm9
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[20+rsp]
and edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
ror edx,7
movdqa xmm9,xmm1
mov esi,ecx
xor edi,ebp
movdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm10
rol ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,edx
pslld xmm1,2
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
psrld xmm9,30
add eax,DWORD[24+rsp]
and esi,edx
xor edx,ebp
por xmm1,xmm9
ror ecx,7
mov edi,ebx
xor esi,edx
rol ebx,5
pshufd xmm10,xmm0,238
add eax,esi
xor edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[28+rsp]
and edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
ror ebx,7
mov esi,eax
xor edi,ecx
rol eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
pxor xmm2,xmm6
add edx,DWORD[32+rsp]
and esi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
ror eax,7
punpcklqdq xmm10,xmm1
mov edi,ebp
xor esi,ebx
pxor xmm2,xmm3
rol ebp,5
add edx,esi
movdqa xmm9,xmm8
xor edi,eax
paddd xmm8,xmm1
xor eax,ebx
pxor xmm2,xmm10
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[36+rsp]
and edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
ror ebp,7
movdqa xmm10,xmm2
mov esi,edx
xor edi,eax
movdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm8
rol edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,ebp
pslld xmm2,2
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
psrld xmm10,30
add ebx,DWORD[40+rsp]
and esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
por xmm2,xmm10
ror edx,7
mov edi,ecx
xor esi,ebp
rol ecx,5
pshufd xmm8,xmm1,238
add ebx,esi
xor edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[44+rsp]
and edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
ror ecx,7
mov esi,ebx
xor edi,edx
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
add eax,ebx
pxor xmm3,xmm7
add ebp,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
punpcklqdq xmm8,xmm2
mov edi,eax
rol eax,5
pxor xmm3,xmm4
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
movdqa xmm10,xmm9
ror ebx,7
paddd xmm9,xmm2
add ebp,eax
pxor xmm3,xmm8
add edx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
rol ebp,5
movdqa xmm8,xmm3
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
movdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm9
ror eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[56+rsp]
pslld xmm3,2
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
psrld xmm8,30
rol edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
ror ebp,7
por xmm3,xmm8
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
rol ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
ror edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[rsp]
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
rol ebx,5
paddd xmm10,xmm3
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
movdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm10
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
rol eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
ror ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[8+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
rol ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
ror eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
rol edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
ror ebp,7
add ecx,edx
cmp r9,r10
je NEAR $L$done_ssse3
movdqa xmm6,XMMWORD[64+r14]
movdqa xmm9,XMMWORD[((-64))+r14]
movdqu xmm0,XMMWORD[r9]
movdqu xmm1,XMMWORD[16+r9]
movdqu xmm2,XMMWORD[32+r9]
movdqu xmm3,XMMWORD[48+r9]
DB 102,15,56,0,198
add r9,64
add ebx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
DB 102,15,56,0,206
rol ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
ror edx,7
paddd xmm0,xmm9
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
movdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm0
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
ror ecx,7
psubd xmm0,xmm9
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
rol eax,5
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
ror ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
rol ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
ror eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
DB 102,15,56,0,214
rol edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
ror ebp,7
paddd xmm1,xmm9
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
movdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm1
rol ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
ror edx,7
psubd xmm1,xmm9
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
rol ebx,5
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
rol eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
ror ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
DB 102,15,56,0,222
rol ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
ror eax,7
paddd xmm2,xmm9
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
movdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm2
rol edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
ror ebp,7
psubd xmm2,xmm9
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
rol ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
ror edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add eax,DWORD[r8]
add esi,DWORD[4+r8]
add ecx,DWORD[8+r8]
add edx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov DWORD[r8],eax
add ebp,DWORD[16+r8]
mov DWORD[4+r8],esi
mov ebx,esi
mov DWORD[8+r8],ecx
mov edi,ecx
mov DWORD[12+r8],edx
xor edi,edx
mov DWORD[16+r8],ebp
and esi,edi
jmp NEAR $L$oop_ssse3
ALIGN 16
$L$done_ssse3:
add ebx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
rol ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
ror edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
rol eax,5
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
ror ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
rol ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
ror eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
rol edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
ror ebp,7
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
rol ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
ror edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
rol ebx,5
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
rol eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
ror ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
rol ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
ror eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
rol edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
ror ebp,7
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
rol ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
ror edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
rol ebx,5
add eax,edi
ror ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add eax,DWORD[r8]
add esi,DWORD[4+r8]
add ecx,DWORD[8+r8]
mov DWORD[r8],eax
add edx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov DWORD[4+r8],esi
add ebp,DWORD[16+r8]
mov DWORD[8+r8],ecx
mov DWORD[12+r8],edx
mov DWORD[16+r8],ebp
movaps xmm6,XMMWORD[((-40-96))+r11]
movaps xmm7,XMMWORD[((-40-80))+r11]
movaps xmm8,XMMWORD[((-40-64))+r11]
movaps xmm9,XMMWORD[((-40-48))+r11]
movaps xmm10,XMMWORD[((-40-32))+r11]
movaps xmm11,XMMWORD[((-40-16))+r11]
mov r14,QWORD[((-40))+r11]
mov r13,QWORD[((-32))+r11]
mov r12,QWORD[((-24))+r11]
mov rbp,QWORD[((-16))+r11]
mov rbx,QWORD[((-8))+r11]
lea rsp,[r11]
$L$epilogue_ssse3:
mov rdi,QWORD[8+rsp] ;WIN64 epilogue
mov rsi,QWORD[16+rsp]
ret
$L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_ssse3:
global sha1_block_data_order_avx
ALIGN 16
sha1_block_data_order_avx:
mov QWORD[8+rsp],rdi ;WIN64 prologue
mov QWORD[16+rsp],rsi
mov rax,rsp
$L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_avx:
mov rdi,rcx
mov rsi,rdx
mov rdx,r8
_CET_ENDBR
mov r11,rsp
push rbx
push rbp
push r12
push r13
push r14
lea rsp,[((-160))+rsp]
vzeroupper
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-96)+r11],xmm6
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-80)+r11],xmm7
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-64)+r11],xmm8
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-48)+r11],xmm9
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-32)+r11],xmm10
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-16)+r11],xmm11
$L$prologue_avx:
and rsp,-64
mov r8,rdi
mov r9,rsi
mov r10,rdx
shl r10,6
add r10,r9
lea r14,[((K_XX_XX+64))]
mov eax,DWORD[r8]
mov ebx,DWORD[4+r8]
mov ecx,DWORD[8+r8]
mov edx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov esi,ebx
mov ebp,DWORD[16+r8]
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
and esi,edi
vmovdqa xmm6,XMMWORD[64+r14]
vmovdqa xmm11,XMMWORD[((-64))+r14]
vmovdqu xmm0,XMMWORD[r9]
vmovdqu xmm1,XMMWORD[16+r9]
vmovdqu xmm2,XMMWORD[32+r9]
vmovdqu xmm3,XMMWORD[48+r9]
vpshufb xmm0,xmm0,xmm6
add r9,64
vpshufb xmm1,xmm1,xmm6
vpshufb xmm2,xmm2,xmm6
vpshufb xmm3,xmm3,xmm6
vpaddd xmm4,xmm0,xmm11
vpaddd xmm5,xmm1,xmm11
vpaddd xmm6,xmm2,xmm11
vmovdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm4
vmovdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm5
vmovdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm6
jmp NEAR $L$oop_avx
ALIGN 16
$L$oop_avx:
shrd ebx,ebx,2
xor esi,edx
vpalignr xmm4,xmm1,xmm0,8
mov edi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[rsp]
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm3
xor ebx,ecx
shld eax,eax,5
vpsrldq xmm8,xmm3,4
add ebp,esi
and edi,ebx
vpxor xmm4,xmm4,xmm0
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
vpxor xmm8,xmm8,xmm2
shrd eax,eax,7
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[4+rsp]
vpxor xmm4,xmm4,xmm8
xor eax,ebx
shld ebp,ebp,5
vmovdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm9
add edx,edi
and esi,eax
vpsrld xmm8,xmm4,31
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
shrd ebp,ebp,7
xor esi,ebx
vpslldq xmm10,xmm4,12
vpaddd xmm4,xmm4,xmm4
mov edi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[8+rsp]
xor ebp,eax
shld edx,edx,5
vpsrld xmm9,xmm10,30
vpor xmm4,xmm4,xmm8
add ecx,esi
and edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
vpslld xmm10,xmm10,2
vpxor xmm4,xmm4,xmm9
shrd edx,edx,7
xor edi,eax
mov esi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[12+rsp]
vpxor xmm4,xmm4,xmm10
xor edx,ebp
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,edi
and esi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
xor esi,ebp
vpalignr xmm5,xmm2,xmm1,8
mov edi,ebx
add eax,DWORD[16+rsp]
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm4
xor ecx,edx
shld ebx,ebx,5
vpsrldq xmm8,xmm4,4
add eax,esi
and edi,ecx
vpxor xmm5,xmm5,xmm1
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
vpxor xmm8,xmm8,xmm3
shrd ebx,ebx,7
xor edi,edx
mov esi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[20+rsp]
vpxor xmm5,xmm5,xmm8
xor ebx,ecx
shld eax,eax,5
vmovdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm9
add ebp,edi
and esi,ebx
vpsrld xmm8,xmm5,31
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
shrd eax,eax,7
xor esi,ecx
vpslldq xmm10,xmm5,12
vpaddd xmm5,xmm5,xmm5
mov edi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor eax,ebx
shld ebp,ebp,5
vpsrld xmm9,xmm10,30
vpor xmm5,xmm5,xmm8
add edx,esi
and edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
vpslld xmm10,xmm10,2
vpxor xmm5,xmm5,xmm9
shrd ebp,ebp,7
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[28+rsp]
vpxor xmm5,xmm5,xmm10
xor ebp,eax
shld edx,edx,5
vmovdqa xmm11,XMMWORD[((-32))+r14]
add ecx,edi
and esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
shrd edx,edx,7
xor esi,eax
vpalignr xmm6,xmm3,xmm2,8
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[32+rsp]
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm5
xor edx,ebp
shld ecx,ecx,5
vpsrldq xmm8,xmm5,4
add ebx,esi
and edi,edx
vpxor xmm6,xmm6,xmm2
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
vpxor xmm8,xmm8,xmm4
shrd ecx,ecx,7
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ebx
add eax,DWORD[36+rsp]
vpxor xmm6,xmm6,xmm8
xor ecx,edx
shld ebx,ebx,5
vmovdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm9
add eax,edi
and esi,ecx
vpsrld xmm8,xmm6,31
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
xor esi,edx
vpslldq xmm10,xmm6,12
vpaddd xmm6,xmm6,xmm6
mov edi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor ebx,ecx
shld eax,eax,5
vpsrld xmm9,xmm10,30
vpor xmm6,xmm6,xmm8
add ebp,esi
and edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
vpslld xmm10,xmm10,2
vpxor xmm6,xmm6,xmm9
shrd eax,eax,7
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[44+rsp]
vpxor xmm6,xmm6,xmm10
xor eax,ebx
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,edi
and esi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
shrd ebp,ebp,7
xor esi,ebx
vpalignr xmm7,xmm4,xmm3,8
mov edi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[48+rsp]
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm6
xor ebp,eax
shld edx,edx,5
vpsrldq xmm8,xmm6,4
add ecx,esi
and edi,ebp
vpxor xmm7,xmm7,xmm3
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
vpxor xmm8,xmm8,xmm5
shrd edx,edx,7
xor edi,eax
mov esi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[52+rsp]
vpxor xmm7,xmm7,xmm8
xor edx,ebp
shld ecx,ecx,5
vmovdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm9
add ebx,edi
and esi,edx
vpsrld xmm8,xmm7,31
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
xor esi,ebp
vpslldq xmm10,xmm7,12
vpaddd xmm7,xmm7,xmm7
mov edi,ebx
add eax,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor ecx,edx
shld ebx,ebx,5
vpsrld xmm9,xmm10,30
vpor xmm7,xmm7,xmm8
add eax,esi
and edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
vpslld xmm10,xmm10,2
vpxor xmm7,xmm7,xmm9
shrd ebx,ebx,7
xor edi,edx
mov esi,eax
add ebp,DWORD[60+rsp]
vpxor xmm7,xmm7,xmm10
xor ebx,ecx
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,edi
and esi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
vpalignr xmm8,xmm7,xmm6,8
vpxor xmm0,xmm0,xmm4
shrd eax,eax,7
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,ebp
add edx,DWORD[rsp]
vpxor xmm0,xmm0,xmm1
xor eax,ebx
shld ebp,ebp,5
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm7
add edx,esi
and edi,eax
vpxor xmm0,xmm0,xmm8
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
shrd ebp,ebp,7
xor edi,ebx
vpsrld xmm8,xmm0,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm9
mov esi,edx
add ecx,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor ebp,eax
shld edx,edx,5
vpslld xmm0,xmm0,2
add ecx,edi
and esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
shrd edx,edx,7
xor esi,eax
mov edi,ecx
add ebx,DWORD[8+rsp]
vpor xmm0,xmm0,xmm8
xor edx,ebp
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,esi
and edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
vpalignr xmm8,xmm0,xmm7,8
vpxor xmm1,xmm1,xmm5
add ebp,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
vpxor xmm1,xmm1,xmm2
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm0
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
vpxor xmm1,xmm1,xmm8
add edx,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
vpsrld xmm8,xmm1,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm9
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
vpslld xmm1,xmm1,2
add ecx,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
vpor xmm1,xmm1,xmm8
add ebx,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
vpalignr xmm8,xmm1,xmm0,8
vpxor xmm2,xmm2,xmm6
add eax,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
vpxor xmm2,xmm2,xmm3
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm1
vmovdqa xmm11,XMMWORD[r14]
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
vpxor xmm2,xmm2,xmm8
add ebp,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
vpsrld xmm8,xmm2,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm9
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
vpslld xmm2,xmm2,2
add edx,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
vpor xmm2,xmm2,xmm8
add ecx,DWORD[44+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
vpalignr xmm8,xmm2,xmm1,8
vpxor xmm3,xmm3,xmm7
add ebx,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
vpxor xmm3,xmm3,xmm4
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm2
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
vpxor xmm3,xmm3,xmm8
add eax,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
vpsrld xmm8,xmm3,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm9
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
vpslld xmm3,xmm3,2
add ebp,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
vpor xmm3,xmm3,xmm8
add edx,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
vpalignr xmm8,xmm3,xmm2,8
vpxor xmm4,xmm4,xmm0
add ecx,DWORD[rsp]
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
vpxor xmm4,xmm4,xmm5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm3
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
vpxor xmm4,xmm4,xmm8
add ebx,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
vpsrld xmm8,xmm4,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm9
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
vpslld xmm4,xmm4,2
add eax,DWORD[8+rsp]
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
vpor xmm4,xmm4,xmm8
add ebp,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
vpalignr xmm8,xmm4,xmm3,8
vpxor xmm5,xmm5,xmm1
add edx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
vpxor xmm5,xmm5,xmm6
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm4
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
vpxor xmm5,xmm5,xmm8
add ecx,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
vpsrld xmm8,xmm5,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm9
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
vpslld xmm5,xmm5,2
add ebx,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
vpor xmm5,xmm5,xmm8
add eax,DWORD[28+rsp]
shrd ecx,ecx,7
mov esi,ebx
xor edi,edx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
vpalignr xmm8,xmm5,xmm4,8
vpxor xmm6,xmm6,xmm2
add ebp,DWORD[32+rsp]
and esi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
vpxor xmm6,xmm6,xmm7
mov edi,eax
xor esi,ecx
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm5
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,esi
vpxor xmm6,xmm6,xmm8
xor edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[36+rsp]
vpsrld xmm8,xmm6,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm9
and edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
shrd eax,eax,7
mov esi,ebp
vpslld xmm6,xmm6,2
xor edi,ebx
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[40+rsp]
and esi,eax
vpor xmm6,xmm6,xmm8
xor eax,ebx
shrd ebp,ebp,7
mov edi,edx
xor esi,eax
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[44+rsp]
and edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
shrd edx,edx,7
mov esi,ecx
xor edi,ebp
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
vpalignr xmm8,xmm6,xmm5,8
vpxor xmm7,xmm7,xmm3
add eax,DWORD[48+rsp]
and esi,edx
xor edx,ebp
shrd ecx,ecx,7
vpxor xmm7,xmm7,xmm0
mov edi,ebx
xor esi,edx
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm6
vmovdqa xmm11,XMMWORD[32+r14]
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,esi
vpxor xmm7,xmm7,xmm8
xor edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[52+rsp]
vpsrld xmm8,xmm7,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm9
and edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
mov esi,eax
vpslld xmm7,xmm7,2
xor edi,ecx
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[56+rsp]
and esi,ebx
vpor xmm7,xmm7,xmm8
xor ebx,ecx
shrd eax,eax,7
mov edi,ebp
xor esi,ebx
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[60+rsp]
and edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
shrd ebp,ebp,7
mov esi,edx
xor edi,eax
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
vpalignr xmm8,xmm7,xmm6,8
vpxor xmm0,xmm0,xmm4
add ebx,DWORD[rsp]
and esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
shrd edx,edx,7
vpxor xmm0,xmm0,xmm1
mov edi,ecx
xor esi,ebp
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm7
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,esi
vpxor xmm0,xmm0,xmm8
xor edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[4+rsp]
vpsrld xmm8,xmm0,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm9
and edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
shrd ecx,ecx,7
mov esi,ebx
vpslld xmm0,xmm0,2
xor edi,edx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[8+rsp]
and esi,ecx
vpor xmm0,xmm0,xmm8
xor ecx,edx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
mov edi,eax
xor esi,ecx
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[12+rsp]
and edi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
shrd eax,eax,7
mov esi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
vpalignr xmm8,xmm0,xmm7,8
vpxor xmm1,xmm1,xmm5
add ecx,DWORD[16+rsp]
and esi,eax
xor eax,ebx
shrd ebp,ebp,7
vpxor xmm1,xmm1,xmm2
mov edi,edx
xor esi,eax
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm0
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,esi
vpxor xmm1,xmm1,xmm8
xor edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[20+rsp]
vpsrld xmm8,xmm1,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm9
and edi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
shrd edx,edx,7
mov esi,ecx
vpslld xmm1,xmm1,2
xor edi,ebp
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[24+rsp]
and esi,edx
vpor xmm1,xmm1,xmm8
xor edx,ebp
shrd ecx,ecx,7
mov edi,ebx
xor esi,edx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,esi
xor edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[28+rsp]
and edi,ecx
xor ecx,edx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
mov esi,eax
xor edi,ecx
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
add ebp,eax
vpalignr xmm8,xmm1,xmm0,8
vpxor xmm2,xmm2,xmm6
add edx,DWORD[32+rsp]
and esi,ebx
xor ebx,ecx
shrd eax,eax,7
vpxor xmm2,xmm2,xmm3
mov edi,ebp
xor esi,ebx
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm1
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,esi
vpxor xmm2,xmm2,xmm8
xor edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[36+rsp]
vpsrld xmm8,xmm2,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm9
and edi,eax
xor eax,ebx
shrd ebp,ebp,7
mov esi,edx
vpslld xmm2,xmm2,2
xor edi,eax
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,ebp
xor ebp,eax
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[40+rsp]
and esi,ebp
vpor xmm2,xmm2,xmm8
xor ebp,eax
shrd edx,edx,7
mov edi,ecx
xor esi,ebp
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[44+rsp]
and edi,edx
xor edx,ebp
shrd ecx,ecx,7
mov esi,ebx
xor edi,edx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
add eax,ebx
vpalignr xmm8,xmm2,xmm1,8
vpxor xmm3,xmm3,xmm7
add ebp,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
vpxor xmm3,xmm3,xmm4
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm2
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
vpxor xmm3,xmm3,xmm8
add edx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
vpsrld xmm8,xmm3,30
vmovdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm9
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
vpslld xmm3,xmm3,2
add ecx,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
vpor xmm3,xmm3,xmm8
add ebx,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[rsp]
vpaddd xmm9,xmm11,xmm3
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,esi
vmovdqa XMMWORD[48+rsp],xmm9
xor edi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[4+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[8+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[12+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
cmp r9,r10
je NEAR $L$done_avx
vmovdqa xmm6,XMMWORD[64+r14]
vmovdqa xmm11,XMMWORD[((-64))+r14]
vmovdqu xmm0,XMMWORD[r9]
vmovdqu xmm1,XMMWORD[16+r9]
vmovdqu xmm2,XMMWORD[32+r9]
vmovdqu xmm3,XMMWORD[48+r9]
vpshufb xmm0,xmm0,xmm6
add r9,64
add ebx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
vpshufb xmm1,xmm1,xmm6
mov edi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
vpaddd xmm4,xmm0,xmm11
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
vmovdqa XMMWORD[rsp],xmm4
add eax,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor esi,eax
vpshufb xmm2,xmm2,xmm6
mov edi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
vpaddd xmm5,xmm1,xmm11
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
vmovdqa XMMWORD[16+rsp],xmm5
add ebx,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
vpshufb xmm3,xmm3,xmm6
mov edi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
vpaddd xmm6,xmm2,xmm11
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
vmovdqa XMMWORD[32+rsp],xmm6
add ecx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add eax,DWORD[r8]
add esi,DWORD[4+r8]
add ecx,DWORD[8+r8]
add edx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov DWORD[r8],eax
add ebp,DWORD[16+r8]
mov DWORD[4+r8],esi
mov ebx,esi
mov DWORD[8+r8],ecx
mov edi,ecx
mov DWORD[12+r8],edx
xor edi,edx
mov DWORD[16+r8],ebp
and esi,edi
jmp NEAR $L$oop_avx
ALIGN 16
$L$done_avx:
add ebx,DWORD[16+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[20+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
xor esi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[24+rsp]
xor esi,ecx
mov edi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,esi
xor edi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[28+rsp]
xor edi,ebx
mov esi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,edi
xor esi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[32+rsp]
xor esi,eax
mov edi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,esi
xor edi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[36+rsp]
xor edi,ebp
mov esi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,edi
xor esi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[40+rsp]
xor esi,edx
mov edi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,esi
xor edi,edx
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
add ebp,DWORD[44+rsp]
xor edi,ecx
mov esi,eax
shld eax,eax,5
add ebp,edi
xor esi,ecx
shrd ebx,ebx,7
add ebp,eax
add edx,DWORD[48+rsp]
xor esi,ebx
mov edi,ebp
shld ebp,ebp,5
add edx,esi
xor edi,ebx
shrd eax,eax,7
add edx,ebp
add ecx,DWORD[52+rsp]
xor edi,eax
mov esi,edx
shld edx,edx,5
add ecx,edi
xor esi,eax
shrd ebp,ebp,7
add ecx,edx
add ebx,DWORD[56+rsp]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,ecx
shld ecx,ecx,5
add ebx,esi
xor edi,ebp
shrd edx,edx,7
add ebx,ecx
add eax,DWORD[60+rsp]
xor edi,edx
mov esi,ebx
shld ebx,ebx,5
add eax,edi
shrd ecx,ecx,7
add eax,ebx
vzeroupper
add eax,DWORD[r8]
add esi,DWORD[4+r8]
add ecx,DWORD[8+r8]
mov DWORD[r8],eax
add edx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov DWORD[4+r8],esi
add ebp,DWORD[16+r8]
mov DWORD[8+r8],ecx
mov DWORD[12+r8],edx
mov DWORD[16+r8],ebp
movaps xmm6,XMMWORD[((-40-96))+r11]
movaps xmm7,XMMWORD[((-40-80))+r11]
movaps xmm8,XMMWORD[((-40-64))+r11]
movaps xmm9,XMMWORD[((-40-48))+r11]
movaps xmm10,XMMWORD[((-40-32))+r11]
movaps xmm11,XMMWORD[((-40-16))+r11]
mov r14,QWORD[((-40))+r11]
mov r13,QWORD[((-32))+r11]
mov r12,QWORD[((-24))+r11]
mov rbp,QWORD[((-16))+r11]
mov rbx,QWORD[((-8))+r11]
lea rsp,[r11]
$L$epilogue_avx:
mov rdi,QWORD[8+rsp] ;WIN64 epilogue
mov rsi,QWORD[16+rsp]
ret
$L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_avx:
global sha1_block_data_order_avx2
ALIGN 16
sha1_block_data_order_avx2:
mov QWORD[8+rsp],rdi ;WIN64 prologue
mov QWORD[16+rsp],rsi
mov rax,rsp
$L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_avx2:
mov rdi,rcx
mov rsi,rdx
mov rdx,r8
_CET_ENDBR
mov r11,rsp
push rbx
push rbp
push r12
push r13
push r14
vzeroupper
lea rsp,[((-96))+rsp]
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-96)+r11],xmm6
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-80)+r11],xmm7
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-64)+r11],xmm8
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-48)+r11],xmm9
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-32)+r11],xmm10
vmovaps XMMWORD[(-40-16)+r11],xmm11
$L$prologue_avx2:
mov r8,rdi
mov r9,rsi
mov r10,rdx
lea rsp,[((-640))+rsp]
shl r10,6
lea r13,[64+r9]
and rsp,-128
add r10,r9
lea r14,[((K_XX_XX+64))]
mov eax,DWORD[r8]
cmp r13,r10
cmovae r13,r9
mov ebp,DWORD[4+r8]
mov ecx,DWORD[8+r8]
mov edx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov esi,DWORD[16+r8]
vmovdqu ymm6,YMMWORD[64+r14]
vmovdqu xmm0,XMMWORD[r9]
vmovdqu xmm1,XMMWORD[16+r9]
vmovdqu xmm2,XMMWORD[32+r9]
vmovdqu xmm3,XMMWORD[48+r9]
lea r9,[64+r9]
vinserti128 ymm0,ymm0,XMMWORD[r13],1
vinserti128 ymm1,ymm1,XMMWORD[16+r13],1
vpshufb ymm0,ymm0,ymm6
vinserti128 ymm2,ymm2,XMMWORD[32+r13],1
vpshufb ymm1,ymm1,ymm6
vinserti128 ymm3,ymm3,XMMWORD[48+r13],1
vpshufb ymm2,ymm2,ymm6
vmovdqu ymm11,YMMWORD[((-64))+r14]
vpshufb ymm3,ymm3,ymm6
vpaddd ymm4,ymm0,ymm11
vpaddd ymm5,ymm1,ymm11
vmovdqu YMMWORD[rsp],ymm4
vpaddd ymm6,ymm2,ymm11
vmovdqu YMMWORD[32+rsp],ymm5
vpaddd ymm7,ymm3,ymm11
vmovdqu YMMWORD[64+rsp],ymm6
vmovdqu YMMWORD[96+rsp],ymm7
vpalignr ymm4,ymm1,ymm0,8
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm3,4
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm0
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm2
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm8
vpsrld ymm8,ymm4,31
vpslldq ymm10,ymm4,12
vpaddd ymm4,ymm4,ymm4
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm4,ymm4,ymm8
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm9
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm10
vpaddd ymm9,ymm4,ymm11
vmovdqu YMMWORD[128+rsp],ymm9
vpalignr ymm5,ymm2,ymm1,8
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm4,4
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm1
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm3
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm8
vpsrld ymm8,ymm5,31
vmovdqu ymm11,YMMWORD[((-32))+r14]
vpslldq ymm10,ymm5,12
vpaddd ymm5,ymm5,ymm5
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm5,ymm5,ymm8
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm9
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm10
vpaddd ymm9,ymm5,ymm11
vmovdqu YMMWORD[160+rsp],ymm9
vpalignr ymm6,ymm3,ymm2,8
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm5,4
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm2
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm4
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm8
vpsrld ymm8,ymm6,31
vpslldq ymm10,ymm6,12
vpaddd ymm6,ymm6,ymm6
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm6,ymm6,ymm8
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm9
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm10
vpaddd ymm9,ymm6,ymm11
vmovdqu YMMWORD[192+rsp],ymm9
vpalignr ymm7,ymm4,ymm3,8
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm6,4
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm3
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm5
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm8
vpsrld ymm8,ymm7,31
vpslldq ymm10,ymm7,12
vpaddd ymm7,ymm7,ymm7
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm7,ymm7,ymm8
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm9
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm10
vpaddd ymm9,ymm7,ymm11
vmovdqu YMMWORD[224+rsp],ymm9
lea r13,[128+rsp]
jmp NEAR $L$oop_avx2
ALIGN 32
$L$oop_avx2:
rorx ebx,ebp,2
andn edi,ebp,edx
and ebp,ecx
xor ebp,edi
jmp NEAR $L$align32_1
ALIGN 32
$L$align32_1:
vpalignr ymm8,ymm7,ymm6,8
vpxor ymm0,ymm0,ymm4
add esi,DWORD[((-128))+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
vpxor ymm0,ymm0,ymm1
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
vpxor ymm0,ymm0,ymm8
and eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
vpsrld ymm8,ymm0,30
vpslld ymm0,ymm0,2
add edx,DWORD[((-124))+r13]
andn edi,esi,ebx
add edx,eax
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
and esi,ebp
vpor ymm0,ymm0,ymm8
add edx,r12d
xor esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-120))+r13]
andn edi,edx,ebp
vpaddd ymm9,ymm0,ymm11
add ecx,esi
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
and edx,eax
vmovdqu YMMWORD[256+rsp],ymm9
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[((-116))+r13]
andn edi,ecx,eax
add ebx,edx
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
and ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[((-96))+r13]
andn edi,ebx,esi
add ebp,ecx
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
and ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,edi
vpalignr ymm8,ymm0,ymm7,8
vpxor ymm1,ymm1,ymm5
add eax,DWORD[((-92))+r13]
andn edi,ebp,edx
vpxor ymm1,ymm1,ymm2
add eax,ebx
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
vpxor ymm1,ymm1,ymm8
and ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edi
vpsrld ymm8,ymm1,30
vpslld ymm1,ymm1,2
add esi,DWORD[((-88))+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
and eax,ebx
vpor ymm1,ymm1,ymm8
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[((-84))+r13]
andn edi,esi,ebx
vpaddd ymm9,ymm1,ymm11
add edx,eax
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
and esi,ebp
vmovdqu YMMWORD[288+rsp],ymm9
add edx,r12d
xor esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-64))+r13]
andn edi,edx,ebp
add ecx,esi
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
and edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[((-60))+r13]
andn edi,ecx,eax
add ebx,edx
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
and ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,edi
vpalignr ymm8,ymm1,ymm0,8
vpxor ymm2,ymm2,ymm6
add ebp,DWORD[((-56))+r13]
andn edi,ebx,esi
vpxor ymm2,ymm2,ymm3
vmovdqu ymm11,YMMWORD[r14]
add ebp,ecx
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
vpxor ymm2,ymm2,ymm8
and ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,edi
vpsrld ymm8,ymm2,30
vpslld ymm2,ymm2,2
add eax,DWORD[((-52))+r13]
andn edi,ebp,edx
add eax,ebx
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
and ebp,ecx
vpor ymm2,ymm2,ymm8
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[((-32))+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
vpaddd ymm9,ymm2,ymm11
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
and eax,ebx
vmovdqu YMMWORD[320+rsp],ymm9
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[((-28))+r13]
andn edi,esi,ebx
add edx,eax
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
and esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-24))+r13]
andn edi,edx,ebp
add ecx,esi
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
and edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,edi
vpalignr ymm8,ymm2,ymm1,8
vpxor ymm3,ymm3,ymm7
add ebx,DWORD[((-20))+r13]
andn edi,ecx,eax
vpxor ymm3,ymm3,ymm4
add ebx,edx
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
vpxor ymm3,ymm3,ymm8
and ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,edi
vpsrld ymm8,ymm3,30
vpslld ymm3,ymm3,2
add ebp,DWORD[r13]
andn edi,ebx,esi
add ebp,ecx
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
and ebx,edx
vpor ymm3,ymm3,ymm8
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[4+r13]
andn edi,ebp,edx
vpaddd ymm9,ymm3,ymm11
add eax,ebx
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
and ebp,ecx
vmovdqu YMMWORD[352+rsp],ymm9
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[8+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
and eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[12+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
vpalignr ymm8,ymm3,ymm2,8
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm0
add ecx,DWORD[32+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm5
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm8
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[36+r13]
vpsrld ymm8,ymm4,30
vpslld ymm4,ymm4,2
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
vpor ymm4,ymm4,ymm8
add ebp,DWORD[40+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
vpaddd ymm9,ymm4,ymm11
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[44+r13]
vmovdqu YMMWORD[384+rsp],ymm9
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[64+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
vpalignr ymm8,ymm4,ymm3,8
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm1
add edx,DWORD[68+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm6
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm8
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[72+r13]
vpsrld ymm8,ymm5,30
vpslld ymm5,ymm5,2
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
vpor ymm5,ymm5,ymm8
add ebx,DWORD[76+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
vpaddd ymm9,ymm5,ymm11
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[96+r13]
vmovdqu YMMWORD[416+rsp],ymm9
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[100+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
vpalignr ymm8,ymm5,ymm4,8
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm2
add esi,DWORD[104+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm7
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm8
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[108+r13]
lea r13,[256+r13]
vpsrld ymm8,ymm6,30
vpslld ymm6,ymm6,2
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
vpor ymm6,ymm6,ymm8
add ecx,DWORD[((-128))+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
vpaddd ymm9,ymm6,ymm11
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[((-124))+r13]
vmovdqu YMMWORD[448+rsp],ymm9
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[((-120))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
vpalignr ymm8,ymm6,ymm5,8
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm3
add eax,DWORD[((-116))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm0
vmovdqu ymm11,YMMWORD[32+r14]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm8
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[((-96))+r13]
vpsrld ymm8,ymm7,30
vpslld ymm7,ymm7,2
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
vpor ymm7,ymm7,ymm8
add edx,DWORD[((-92))+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
vpaddd ymm9,ymm7,ymm11
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[((-88))+r13]
vmovdqu YMMWORD[480+rsp],ymm9
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[((-84))+r13]
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
jmp NEAR $L$align32_2
ALIGN 32
$L$align32_2:
vpalignr ymm8,ymm7,ymm6,8
vpxor ymm0,ymm0,ymm4
add ebp,DWORD[((-64))+r13]
xor ecx,esi
vpxor ymm0,ymm0,ymm1
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
vpxor ymm0,ymm0,ymm8
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
vpsrld ymm8,ymm0,30
vpslld ymm0,ymm0,2
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[((-60))+r13]
xor ebx,edx
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
vpor ymm0,ymm0,ymm8
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
vpaddd ymm9,ymm0,ymm11
add eax,r12d
and ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[((-56))+r13]
xor ebp,ecx
vmovdqu YMMWORD[512+rsp],ymm9
mov edi,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
and eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[((-52))+r13]
xor eax,ebx
mov edi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
and esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-32))+r13]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,eax
xor edi,ebp
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
and edx,edi
vpalignr ymm8,ymm0,ymm7,8
vpxor ymm1,ymm1,ymm5
add ebx,DWORD[((-28))+r13]
xor edx,eax
vpxor ymm1,ymm1,ymm2
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
vpxor ymm1,ymm1,ymm8
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
vpsrld ymm8,ymm1,30
vpslld ymm1,ymm1,2
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[((-24))+r13]
xor ecx,esi
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
vpor ymm1,ymm1,ymm8
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
vpaddd ymm9,ymm1,ymm11
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[((-20))+r13]
xor ebx,edx
vmovdqu YMMWORD[544+rsp],ymm9
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
and ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[r13]
xor ebp,ecx
mov edi,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
and eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[4+r13]
xor eax,ebx
mov edi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
and esi,edi
vpalignr ymm8,ymm1,ymm0,8
vpxor ymm2,ymm2,ymm6
add ecx,DWORD[8+r13]
xor esi,ebp
vpxor ymm2,ymm2,ymm3
mov edi,eax
xor edi,ebp
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
vpxor ymm2,ymm2,ymm8
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
vpsrld ymm8,ymm2,30
vpslld ymm2,ymm2,2
add ecx,r12d
and edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[12+r13]
xor edx,eax
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
vpor ymm2,ymm2,ymm8
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
vpaddd ymm9,ymm2,ymm11
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[32+r13]
xor ecx,esi
vmovdqu YMMWORD[576+rsp],ymm9
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[36+r13]
xor ebx,edx
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
and ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[40+r13]
xor ebp,ecx
mov edi,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
and eax,edi
vpalignr ymm8,ymm2,ymm1,8
vpxor ymm3,ymm3,ymm7
add edx,DWORD[44+r13]
xor eax,ebx
vpxor ymm3,ymm3,ymm4
mov edi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
vpxor ymm3,ymm3,ymm8
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
vpsrld ymm8,ymm3,30
vpslld ymm3,ymm3,2
add edx,r12d
and esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[64+r13]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,eax
xor edi,ebp
vpor ymm3,ymm3,ymm8
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
vpaddd ymm9,ymm3,ymm11
add ecx,r12d
and edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[68+r13]
xor edx,eax
vmovdqu YMMWORD[608+rsp],ymm9
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[72+r13]
xor ecx,esi
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[76+r13]
xor ebx,edx
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[96+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[100+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[104+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[108+r13]
lea r13,[256+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[((-128))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[((-124))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[((-120))+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[((-116))+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[((-96))+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[((-92))+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[((-88))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[((-84))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[((-64))+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[((-60))+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[((-56))+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[((-52))+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[((-32))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[((-28))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[((-24))+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[((-20))+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
add edx,r12d
lea r13,[128+r9]
lea rdi,[128+r9]
cmp r13,r10
cmovae r13,r9
add edx,DWORD[r8]
add esi,DWORD[4+r8]
add ebp,DWORD[8+r8]
mov DWORD[r8],edx
add ebx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov DWORD[4+r8],esi
mov eax,edx
add ecx,DWORD[16+r8]
mov r12d,ebp
mov DWORD[8+r8],ebp
mov edx,ebx
mov DWORD[12+r8],ebx
mov ebp,esi
mov DWORD[16+r8],ecx
mov esi,ecx
mov ecx,r12d
cmp r9,r10
je NEAR $L$done_avx2
vmovdqu ymm6,YMMWORD[64+r14]
cmp rdi,r10
ja NEAR $L$ast_avx2
vmovdqu xmm0,XMMWORD[((-64))+rdi]
vmovdqu xmm1,XMMWORD[((-48))+rdi]
vmovdqu xmm2,XMMWORD[((-32))+rdi]
vmovdqu xmm3,XMMWORD[((-16))+rdi]
vinserti128 ymm0,ymm0,XMMWORD[r13],1
vinserti128 ymm1,ymm1,XMMWORD[16+r13],1
vinserti128 ymm2,ymm2,XMMWORD[32+r13],1
vinserti128 ymm3,ymm3,XMMWORD[48+r13],1
jmp NEAR $L$ast_avx2
ALIGN 32
$L$ast_avx2:
lea r13,[((128+16))+rsp]
rorx ebx,ebp,2
andn edi,ebp,edx
and ebp,ecx
xor ebp,edi
sub r9,-128
add esi,DWORD[((-128))+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
and eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[((-124))+r13]
andn edi,esi,ebx
add edx,eax
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
and esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-120))+r13]
andn edi,edx,ebp
add ecx,esi
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
and edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[((-116))+r13]
andn edi,ecx,eax
add ebx,edx
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
and ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[((-96))+r13]
andn edi,ebx,esi
add ebp,ecx
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
and ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[((-92))+r13]
andn edi,ebp,edx
add eax,ebx
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
and ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[((-88))+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
and eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[((-84))+r13]
andn edi,esi,ebx
add edx,eax
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
and esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-64))+r13]
andn edi,edx,ebp
add ecx,esi
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
and edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[((-60))+r13]
andn edi,ecx,eax
add ebx,edx
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
and ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[((-56))+r13]
andn edi,ebx,esi
add ebp,ecx
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
and ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[((-52))+r13]
andn edi,ebp,edx
add eax,ebx
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
and ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[((-32))+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
and eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[((-28))+r13]
andn edi,esi,ebx
add edx,eax
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
and esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-24))+r13]
andn edi,edx,ebp
add ecx,esi
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
and edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[((-20))+r13]
andn edi,ecx,eax
add ebx,edx
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
and ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[r13]
andn edi,ebx,esi
add ebp,ecx
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
and ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[4+r13]
andn edi,ebp,edx
add eax,ebx
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
and ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[8+r13]
andn edi,eax,ecx
add esi,ebp
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
and eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[12+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[32+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[36+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[40+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[44+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[64+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
vmovdqu ymm11,YMMWORD[((-64))+r14]
vpshufb ymm0,ymm0,ymm6
add edx,DWORD[68+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[72+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[76+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[96+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[100+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
vpshufb ymm1,ymm1,ymm6
vpaddd ymm8,ymm0,ymm11
add esi,DWORD[104+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[108+r13]
lea r13,[256+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[((-128))+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[((-124))+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[((-120))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
vmovdqu YMMWORD[rsp],ymm8
vpshufb ymm2,ymm2,ymm6
vpaddd ymm9,ymm1,ymm11
add eax,DWORD[((-116))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[((-96))+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[((-92))+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[((-88))+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[((-84))+r13]
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
vmovdqu YMMWORD[32+rsp],ymm9
vpshufb ymm3,ymm3,ymm6
vpaddd ymm6,ymm2,ymm11
add ebp,DWORD[((-64))+r13]
xor ecx,esi
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[((-60))+r13]
xor ebx,edx
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
and ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[((-56))+r13]
xor ebp,ecx
mov edi,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
and eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[((-52))+r13]
xor eax,ebx
mov edi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
and esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[((-32))+r13]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,eax
xor edi,ebp
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
and edx,edi
jmp NEAR $L$align32_3
ALIGN 32
$L$align32_3:
vmovdqu YMMWORD[64+rsp],ymm6
vpaddd ymm7,ymm3,ymm11
add ebx,DWORD[((-28))+r13]
xor edx,eax
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[((-24))+r13]
xor ecx,esi
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[((-20))+r13]
xor ebx,edx
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
and ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[r13]
xor ebp,ecx
mov edi,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
and eax,edi
add edx,DWORD[4+r13]
xor eax,ebx
mov edi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
and esi,edi
vmovdqu YMMWORD[96+rsp],ymm7
add ecx,DWORD[8+r13]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,eax
xor edi,ebp
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
and edx,edi
add ebx,DWORD[12+r13]
xor edx,eax
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[32+r13]
xor ecx,esi
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[36+r13]
xor ebx,edx
mov edi,ecx
xor edi,edx
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
and ebp,edi
add esi,DWORD[40+r13]
xor ebp,ecx
mov edi,ebx
xor edi,ecx
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
and eax,edi
vpalignr ymm4,ymm1,ymm0,8
add edx,DWORD[44+r13]
xor eax,ebx
mov edi,ebp
xor edi,ebx
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm3,4
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm0
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm8
and esi,edi
add ecx,DWORD[64+r13]
xor esi,ebp
mov edi,eax
vpsrld ymm8,ymm4,31
xor edi,ebp
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
vpslldq ymm10,ymm4,12
vpaddd ymm4,ymm4,ymm4
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm4,ymm4,ymm8
add ecx,r12d
and edx,edi
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm9
add ebx,DWORD[68+r13]
xor edx,eax
vpxor ymm4,ymm4,ymm10
mov edi,esi
xor edi,eax
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
vpaddd ymm9,ymm4,ymm11
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
vmovdqu YMMWORD[128+rsp],ymm9
add ebx,r12d
and ecx,edi
add ebp,DWORD[72+r13]
xor ecx,esi
mov edi,edx
xor edi,esi
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
and ebx,edi
add eax,DWORD[76+r13]
xor ebx,edx
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
vpalignr ymm5,ymm2,ymm1,8
add esi,DWORD[96+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm4,4
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm1
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm3
add edx,DWORD[100+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm8
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
vpsrld ymm8,ymm5,31
vmovdqu ymm11,YMMWORD[((-32))+r14]
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[104+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
vpslldq ymm10,ymm5,12
vpaddd ymm5,ymm5,ymm5
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm5,ymm5,ymm8
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm9
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[108+r13]
lea r13,[256+r13]
vpxor ymm5,ymm5,ymm10
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
vpaddd ymm9,ymm5,ymm11
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
vmovdqu YMMWORD[160+rsp],ymm9
add ebp,DWORD[((-128))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
vpalignr ymm6,ymm3,ymm2,8
add eax,DWORD[((-124))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm5,4
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm2
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm4
add esi,DWORD[((-120))+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm8
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
vpsrld ymm8,ymm6,31
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[((-116))+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
vpslldq ymm10,ymm6,12
vpaddd ymm6,ymm6,ymm6
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm6,ymm6,ymm8
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm9
xor esi,ebx
add ecx,DWORD[((-96))+r13]
vpxor ymm6,ymm6,ymm10
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
vpaddd ymm9,ymm6,ymm11
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
vmovdqu YMMWORD[192+rsp],ymm9
add ebx,DWORD[((-92))+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
vpalignr ymm7,ymm4,ymm3,8
add ebp,DWORD[((-88))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
vpsrldq ymm8,ymm6,4
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm3
vpxor ymm8,ymm8,ymm5
add eax,DWORD[((-84))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm8
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
vpsrld ymm8,ymm7,31
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[((-64))+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
vpslldq ymm10,ymm7,12
vpaddd ymm7,ymm7,ymm7
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
vpsrld ymm9,ymm10,30
vpor ymm7,ymm7,ymm8
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
vpslld ymm10,ymm10,2
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm9
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[((-60))+r13]
vpxor ymm7,ymm7,ymm10
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
rorx eax,esi,2
vpaddd ymm9,ymm7,ymm11
xor esi,ebp
add edx,r12d
xor esi,ebx
vmovdqu YMMWORD[224+rsp],ymm9
add ecx,DWORD[((-56))+r13]
lea ecx,[rsi*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,edx,27
rorx esi,edx,2
xor edx,eax
add ecx,r12d
xor edx,ebp
add ebx,DWORD[((-52))+r13]
lea ebx,[rdx*1+rbx]
rorx r12d,ecx,27
rorx edx,ecx,2
xor ecx,esi
add ebx,r12d
xor ecx,eax
add ebp,DWORD[((-32))+r13]
lea ebp,[rbp*1+rcx]
rorx r12d,ebx,27
rorx ecx,ebx,2
xor ebx,edx
add ebp,r12d
xor ebx,esi
add eax,DWORD[((-28))+r13]
lea eax,[rbx*1+rax]
rorx r12d,ebp,27
rorx ebx,ebp,2
xor ebp,ecx
add eax,r12d
xor ebp,edx
add esi,DWORD[((-24))+r13]
lea esi,[rbp*1+rsi]
rorx r12d,eax,27
rorx ebp,eax,2
xor eax,ebx
add esi,r12d
xor eax,ecx
add edx,DWORD[((-20))+r13]
lea edx,[rax*1+rdx]
rorx r12d,esi,27
add edx,r12d
lea r13,[128+rsp]
add edx,DWORD[r8]
add esi,DWORD[4+r8]
add ebp,DWORD[8+r8]
mov DWORD[r8],edx
add ebx,DWORD[12+r8]
mov DWORD[4+r8],esi
mov eax,edx
add ecx,DWORD[16+r8]
mov r12d,ebp
mov DWORD[8+r8],ebp
mov edx,ebx
mov DWORD[12+r8],ebx
mov ebp,esi
mov DWORD[16+r8],ecx
mov esi,ecx
mov ecx,r12d
cmp r9,r10
jbe NEAR $L$oop_avx2
$L$done_avx2:
vzeroupper
movaps xmm6,XMMWORD[((-40-96))+r11]
movaps xmm7,XMMWORD[((-40-80))+r11]
movaps xmm8,XMMWORD[((-40-64))+r11]
movaps xmm9,XMMWORD[((-40-48))+r11]
movaps xmm10,XMMWORD[((-40-32))+r11]
movaps xmm11,XMMWORD[((-40-16))+r11]
mov r14,QWORD[((-40))+r11]
mov r13,QWORD[((-32))+r11]
mov r12,QWORD[((-24))+r11]
mov rbp,QWORD[((-16))+r11]
mov rbx,QWORD[((-8))+r11]
lea rsp,[r11]
$L$epilogue_avx2:
mov rdi,QWORD[8+rsp] ;WIN64 epilogue
mov rsi,QWORD[16+rsp]
ret
$L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_avx2:
section .rdata rdata align=8
ALIGN 64
K_XX_XX:
DD 0x5a827999,0x5a827999,0x5a827999,0x5a827999
DD 0x5a827999,0x5a827999,0x5a827999,0x5a827999
DD 0x6ed9eba1,0x6ed9eba1,0x6ed9eba1,0x6ed9eba1
DD 0x6ed9eba1,0x6ed9eba1,0x6ed9eba1,0x6ed9eba1
DD 0x8f1bbcdc,0x8f1bbcdc,0x8f1bbcdc,0x8f1bbcdc
DD 0x8f1bbcdc,0x8f1bbcdc,0x8f1bbcdc,0x8f1bbcdc
DD 0xca62c1d6,0xca62c1d6,0xca62c1d6,0xca62c1d6
DD 0xca62c1d6,0xca62c1d6,0xca62c1d6,0xca62c1d6
DD 0x00010203,0x04050607,0x08090a0b,0x0c0d0e0f
DD 0x00010203,0x04050607,0x08090a0b,0x0c0d0e0f
DB 0xf,0xe,0xd,0xc,0xb,0xa,0x9,0x8,0x7,0x6,0x5,0x4,0x3,0x2,0x1,0x0
DB 83,72,65,49,32,98,108,111,99,107,32,116,114,97,110,115
DB 102,111,114,109,32,102,111,114,32,120,56,54,95,54,52,44
DB 32,67,82,89,80,84,79,71,65,77,83,32,98,121,32,60
DB 97,112,112,114,111,64,111,112,101,110,115,115,108,46,111,114
DB 103,62,0
ALIGN 64
section .text
EXTERN __imp_RtlVirtualUnwind
ALIGN 16
se_handler:
push rsi
push rdi
push rbx
push rbp
push r12
push r13
push r14
push r15
pushfq
sub rsp,64
mov rax,QWORD[120+r8]
mov rbx,QWORD[248+r8]
lea r10,[$L$prologue]
cmp rbx,r10
jb NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
mov rax,QWORD[152+r8]
lea r10,[$L$epilogue]
cmp rbx,r10
jae NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
mov rax,QWORD[64+rax]
mov rbx,QWORD[((-8))+rax]
mov rbp,QWORD[((-16))+rax]
mov r12,QWORD[((-24))+rax]
mov r13,QWORD[((-32))+rax]
mov r14,QWORD[((-40))+rax]
mov QWORD[144+r8],rbx
mov QWORD[160+r8],rbp
mov QWORD[216+r8],r12
mov QWORD[224+r8],r13
mov QWORD[232+r8],r14
jmp NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
ALIGN 16
shaext_handler:
push rsi
push rdi
push rbx
push rbp
push r12
push r13
push r14
push r15
pushfq
sub rsp,64
mov rax,QWORD[120+r8]
mov rbx,QWORD[248+r8]
lea r10,[$L$prologue_shaext]
cmp rbx,r10
jb NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
lea r10,[$L$epilogue_shaext]
cmp rbx,r10
jae NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
lea rsi,[((-8-64))+rax]
lea rdi,[512+r8]
mov ecx,8
DD 0xa548f3fc
jmp NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
ALIGN 16
ssse3_handler:
push rsi
push rdi
push rbx
push rbp
push r12
push r13
push r14
push r15
pushfq
sub rsp,64
mov rax,QWORD[120+r8]
mov rbx,QWORD[248+r8]
mov rsi,QWORD[8+r9]
mov r11,QWORD[56+r9]
mov r10d,DWORD[r11]
lea r10,[r10*1+rsi]
cmp rbx,r10
jb NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
mov rax,QWORD[208+r8]
mov r10d,DWORD[4+r11]
lea r10,[r10*1+rsi]
cmp rbx,r10
jae NEAR $L$common_seh_tail
lea rsi,[((-40-96))+rax]
lea rdi,[512+r8]
mov ecx,12
DD 0xa548f3fc
mov rbx,QWORD[((-8))+rax]
mov rbp,QWORD[((-16))+rax]
mov r12,QWORD[((-24))+rax]
mov r13,QWORD[((-32))+rax]
mov r14,QWORD[((-40))+rax]
mov QWORD[144+r8],rbx
mov QWORD[160+r8],rbp
mov QWORD[216+r8],r12
mov QWORD[224+r8],r13
mov QWORD[232+r8],r14
$L$common_seh_tail:
mov rdi,QWORD[8+rax]
mov rsi,QWORD[16+rax]
mov QWORD[152+r8],rax
mov QWORD[168+r8],rsi
mov QWORD[176+r8],rdi
mov rdi,QWORD[40+r9]
mov rsi,r8
mov ecx,154
DD 0xa548f3fc
mov rsi,r9
xor rcx,rcx
mov rdx,QWORD[8+rsi]
mov r8,QWORD[rsi]
mov r9,QWORD[16+rsi]
mov r10,QWORD[40+rsi]
lea r11,[56+rsi]
lea r12,[24+rsi]
mov QWORD[32+rsp],r10
mov QWORD[40+rsp],r11
mov QWORD[48+rsp],r12
mov QWORD[56+rsp],rcx
call QWORD[__imp_RtlVirtualUnwind]
mov eax,1
add rsp,64
popfq
pop r15
pop r14
pop r13
pop r12
pop rbp
pop rbx
pop rdi
pop rsi
ret
section .pdata rdata align=4
ALIGN 4
DD $L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_nohw wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_nohw wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_nohw wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_hw wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_hw wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_hw wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_ssse3 wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_ssse3 wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_ssse3 wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_avx wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_avx wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_avx wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_begin_sha1_block_data_order_avx2 wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_end_sha1_block_data_order_avx2 wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_avx2 wrt ..imagebase
section .xdata rdata align=8
ALIGN 8
$L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_nohw:
DB 9,0,0,0
DD se_handler wrt ..imagebase
$L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_hw:
DB 9,0,0,0
DD shaext_handler wrt ..imagebase
$L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_ssse3:
DB 9,0,0,0
DD ssse3_handler wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$prologue_ssse3 wrt ..imagebase,$L$epilogue_ssse3 wrt ..imagebase
$L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_avx:
DB 9,0,0,0
DD ssse3_handler wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$prologue_avx wrt ..imagebase,$L$epilogue_avx wrt ..imagebase
$L$SEH_info_sha1_block_data_order_avx2:
DB 9,0,0,0
DD ssse3_handler wrt ..imagebase
DD $L$prologue_avx2 wrt ..imagebase,$L$epilogue_avx2 wrt ..imagebase
%else
; Work around path_to_url
ret
%endif
``` |
The N'chwaning mine (or N'Chwaning mines) are located in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. N'chwaning has one of the largest manganese reserves in South Africa having estimated reserves of 323.2 million tonnes of manganese ore grading 42.5% manganese. There are three shafts, designated as N'Chwaning, N'Chwaning II and N'Chwaning III. The majority of the major mineral finds documented originate from the N'Chwaning II shaft.
N'Chwaning is considered a single vertical hoist shaft. N'Chwaning II is a vertical skip shaft, currently still in production with an underground crushing facility. N'Chwaning III has two main shafts - A vertical personnel shaft and a decline shaft. N'Chwaning III additionally has seven underground silos for storing different grades of ore.
N'Chwaning is known to produce high-quality mineral specimens of rhodochrosite, manganite, ettringite, inesite, jouravskite and other minerals.
The N'Chwaning mine is located on the farm N'Chwaning 267, from which the name is derived. The license area also includes what was formerly known as the Black Rock mine area, and is situated in the manganese ores of the Kalahari Manganese Fields.
History
The ore body was discovered in 1940 by Assmang, and led to the acquisition of a manganese outcrop. The properties on which the ore is situated were subsequently acquired by Assmang, and led to the 1975 commissioning of the Gloria mine (medium grade carbonated ore) as well as the later commissioning in 1972, 1981 and 2004 respectively of the N'Chwaning I, I and III shafts.
Geology
The N'Chwaning mines are situated in the Kalahari Manganese Fields, with the primary ore hosted in the Hotazel Formation of the Griqualand West Sequence, forming part of the Proterozoic Transvaal Supergroup.
The ore body shows extreme faulting and hydrothermal upgrading, responsible for the formation of a large majority of the mineral species described from the Kalahari Manganese Fields. Zoning exists within the ore body both in the vertical and horizontal sense, where horizontal zoning is fault related and shows high grade hausmannite ore, intermediate areas show a very complex mineral assemblage (including braunite and jacobsite), while distal areas have a lower grade ore consisting predominantly of braunite and kutnohorite.
Vertical zoning in the orebody is shown by high iron and low manganese concentrations at the contacts, with an increase in manganese grade towards the centre of the body. Two seams are mined - the No.1 seam is on average 6 metres thick, with a depth of 400 metres at the N'Chwaning mine and a depth of 200 metres at the Gloria mine. The No.2 seam is stratigraphically placed above the No.1 seam, with ongoing mining using the N'Chwaning II infrastructure.
See also
Wessels mine
Gloria mine
Mamatwan mine
References
Manganese mines in South Africa
Economy of the Northern Cape |
Coleophora albidella is a moth of the family Coleophoridae found in Europe. It was first described in 1775 by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller,
Description
The wingspan is 13–16 mm. White with sparse, sometimes obscure, darker speckling. Forewing ground colour white. Apical cilia greyish fuscous. Antennal scape with a well-developed basal tuft. Only reliably identified by dissection and microscopic examination of the genitalia.
Adults are on wing from June to July.
The larvae feed on various species of willow including, Salix repens, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea and sometimes Salix caprea. The larvae bore into expanding leaf buds and later skeletonize young leaves. Sometimes they mine a leaf in the usual manner of other Coleophora species. It builds a pistol shaped case from silk and fragments of leaf and frass which has a mouth angle of about 70°, thus standing almost erect on the leaf. The sides of the case are usually adorned with hairs from the leaf surface.
Distribution
It is found in all of Europe, except the Balkan Peninsula.
References
External links
Swedish Moths
albidella
Moths described in 1775
Moths of Europe
Moths of Japan
Taxa named by Michael Denis
Taxa named by Ignaz Schiffermüller |
Megerdich I (? – died 1894), ( ) was Catholicos of Cilicia of the Holy See of Cilicia of the Armenian Apostolic Church from 1871 to 1894.
After his death, the position of catholicos remained vacant for 8 years (1894-1902), until the election of Sahag II of Cilicia.
Catholicoi of Cilicia
1894 deaths
Armenian Apostolic Christians
Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
Year of birth unknown |
Petter Mejlænder (born 1 May 1952) is a Norwegian journalist, author and translator .
Petter Mejlænder has worked as a freelance journalist for several news-agencies. His debut as a writer was Out – a mythical lifespan in 1976 and he translated books by German psychiatrist Wilhelm Reich, documentary writer Günter Wallraff and the author Hermann Hesse to Norwegian. Mejlænder has also worked as a literary and theater critic.
Among his latest books and articles are the biographies of Pushwagner
From 1980 Petter Mejlænder worked for the Norwegian Government Information Centre, and from 1987 as information manager for several Norwegian governments, including being the first leader of the government's emergency information centre. Mejlænder was from 1991 to 2000 employed as a journalist at NRK P2, a cultural radio channel, where he primarily worked with cultural news and special programs.
Mejlænder was editor of the newspaper "Den nye staten" (The new state) and has for several years held speeches for Norwegian Humanist Association's events.
He is also chairman of the Norwegian Zola-prisen (Zola-award) committee.
Petter Mejlænder lives in Bærum southwest of Oslo, Norway.
Bibliography
1976: Ut – et mytisk livsløp – published by "Solum forlag".
1998: Våre verdier – published by "Humanist forlag".
2002: Livet sett fra Nimbus – conversations with Axel Jensen, published by "Spartacus forlag".
2004: Nærkontakt : Wenche Foss & Arne Næss – conversations with the actress Wenche Foss and the philosopher Arne Næss, published by "Kagge forlag".
2005: Timotei : den lille filosofen – in cooperation with the philosopher Arne Næss and his wife Kit-Fai Næss, published by "Kagge forlag".
2007: Den lille filosofen : the story of Arne Næss and the cloth-pig Timotei, published by "Kagge forlag".
2008: Pushwagner – a biography about the Norwegian pop-art artist Hariton Pushwagner, published by "Magikon forlag" (also translated to English).
Translations
1977: Wilhelm Reich: Hør her, lille mann.
1979: Hermann Hesse: Eventyr (also published 1991 and 2000).
References
1952 births
Norwegian radio journalists
Norwegian non-fiction writers
Norwegian literary critics
Norwegian theatre critics
20th-century Norwegian male writers
20th-century Norwegian translators
21st-century Norwegian male writers
Living people
Male non-fiction writers |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\Games;
class PlayerExperienceInfo extends \Google\Model
{
/**
* @var string
*/
public $currentExperiencePoints;
protected $currentLevelType = PlayerLevel::class;
protected $currentLevelDataType = '';
/**
* @var string
*/
public $kind;
/**
* @var string
*/
public $lastLevelUpTimestampMillis;
protected $nextLevelType = PlayerLevel::class;
protected $nextLevelDataType = '';
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setCurrentExperiencePoints($currentExperiencePoints)
{
$this->currentExperiencePoints = $currentExperiencePoints;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getCurrentExperiencePoints()
{
return $this->currentExperiencePoints;
}
/**
* @param PlayerLevel
*/
public function setCurrentLevel(PlayerLevel $currentLevel)
{
$this->currentLevel = $currentLevel;
}
/**
* @return PlayerLevel
*/
public function getCurrentLevel()
{
return $this->currentLevel;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setKind($kind)
{
$this->kind = $kind;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getKind()
{
return $this->kind;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setLastLevelUpTimestampMillis($lastLevelUpTimestampMillis)
{
$this->lastLevelUpTimestampMillis = $lastLevelUpTimestampMillis;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getLastLevelUpTimestampMillis()
{
return $this->lastLevelUpTimestampMillis;
}
/**
* @param PlayerLevel
*/
public function setNextLevel(PlayerLevel $nextLevel)
{
$this->nextLevel = $nextLevel;
}
/**
* @return PlayerLevel
*/
public function getNextLevel()
{
return $this->nextLevel;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(PlayerExperienceInfo::class, 'Google_Service_Games_PlayerExperienceInfo');
``` |
Imelcana camelina is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae which is endemic to Venezuela.
The wingspan is . The ground colour of the forewings is pale brownish cream, suffused and strigulated with brownish, especially in the distal half of the wing. The markings are brownish, with brown proximal edges. The hindwings are cream, tinged yellowish in the distal third.
Etymology
The species name refers to the presence of a hump-like lobe at the mid-costa and is derived from Latin camelinus (meaning similar to a camel).
References
External links
Moths described in 2006
Endemic fauna of Venezuela
Tortricidae of South America
Euliini
Taxa named by Józef Razowski |
Deileptenia ribeata, the satin beauty, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1759. It is found from Ireland, east through central Europe to Russia and Japan.
The wingspan is 30–40 mm. The forewing ground colour is usually mid to dark brown and the forewings have a slight mottled appearance. Very similar to the mottled beauty (Alcis repandata), Peribatodes rhomboidaria, Peribatodes secundaria and Peribatodes ilicaria See Townsend et al.
Adults are on wing from June to August. There is one generation per year.
Larvae feed on various coniferous trees, including Taxus baccata, Abies alba, Carpinus betulus, Betula, Quercus, Prunus spinosa, Vaccinium uliginosum, Lonicera xylosteum and Picea.
References
External links
Satin beauty at UKMoths
Lepiforum e.V.
Boarmiini
Moths described in 1759
Moths of Japan
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Carl Alexander Clerck |
Apt Cathedral (Cathédrale Sainte-Anne d'Apt) is a Roman Catholic church and former cathedral located in the town of Apt in Provence, France now designated as a national monument.
The shrine is the relic church of Saint Anne. Formerly a cathedral, it was the seat of the Bishop of Apt until the French Revolution. Under the Concordat of 1801, the diocese was divided between the Dioceses of Avignon and Digne.
Pope Pius IX granted a Pontifical decree of coronation towards its venerated Marian image through the Archbishop of Avignon, Monsigneur Louis Anne Dubreil on 9 September 1877. The white marble image depicting a child Blessed Virgin Mary is notable for having been a late creation of the renowned religious sculptor, Giovanni Maria Benzoni.
History
The cathedral is believed to have been built on the site where Saint Auspice was buried. Tradition holds that Auspice became the custodian of the relics of Saint Anne, which it is said he placed in a subterranean grotto to protect them from desecration by the barbarians. The church became a pilgrimage site. The former Queen of France, Anne of Austria came there in 1623. The church was the ecclesiastical seat of the diocese of Apt, until the diocese was dissolved in 1801.
Architecture
The cathedral combines a variety of architectural styles from Romanesque to Baroque. The lower crypt is part of the original 1st-century Roman building, used as a place of worship as early as the Carolingian era, and consists of a corridor leading to a vault where, according to local legend, Saint Anne's veil was found.
The upper crypt dates back to about 1056 and consists of a small nave (around 8 metres or 26 feet) and an apse.
See also
Veil of St. Anne
Vgo (stone mason)
References
External links
Location
Former cathedrals in France
Churches in Vaucluse
Basilica churches in France
Roman Catholic cathedrals in France
Church buildings with domes |
Kevin from Work is an American sitcom that aired on ABC Family from August 12 to October 7, 2015. The pilot was ordered on January 6, 2015 and picked up to series on March 24, 2015.
On March 4, 2016, Kevin from Work was officially cancelled after one season.
Cast
Main characters
Noah Reid as Kevin Reese Daly, an employee of a major food distribution company Superior Foods & Beverages. He's in love with his co-worker Audrey and reveals this in a letter to her shortly before beginning a job at a new company in Italy. At the last minute, his new company cancels on him, forcing him to return working for Superior.
Paige Spara as Audrey Piatigorsky, who works next to Kevin at the office. They became quick friends when he started three years prior to the events of the pilot but he was unable to reveal his feelings for her because she has been in a relationship with her boyfriend Brock, a martial artist, since college.
Jordan Hinson as Roxie Daly, Kevin's little sister who left home to live in Los Angeles. Kevin wanted to leave her his apartment after getting the Italy job offer, but is now forced to live with her after it fell through.
Matt Murray as Brian, Kevin's best friend and a fitness coach at a local gym.
Punam Patel as Patti, Audrey's roommate who is stalking Kevin after he slept with her in an attempt to get back the letter he sent to Audrey.
Recurring characters
Jason Rogel as Ricky, a gossiping co-worker of Kevin and Audrey who writes a gossip column in the company's newsletter.
Amy Sedaris as Julia, Kevin and Audrey's boss at Superior Foods & Beverages. Julia is hinted to be using sex to get what she wants and regularly sleeping with her employees.
Nik Dodani as Paul Garfunkel and Bryan Coffee as Simon, two co-workers of Kevin's who call themselves "Hall & Oates" (because Simon paces the halls and Paul likes to eat dry oats).
Brian George as Samir, lawyer and Patti's father who is dating Julia.
Matthew Florida as Brock, Audrey's martial artist boyfriend.
Neal Dandade as Dr. Dev, Patti's boyfriend who is a club DJ and a doctor.
Cameo
Fred Willard as Roger Trousdale, a television star
Episodes
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an aggregated score of 55% based on 6 positive and 5 negative critic reviews. The website consensus reads: "Kevin from Work relies on raunchy jokes delivered by unsavory characters, but the show's gags hit their targets often enough to elevate a rather routine premise."
References
External links
Website
2010s American single-camera sitcoms
2010s American workplace comedy television series
2015 American television series debuts
2015 American television series endings
ABC Family original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by Disney–ABC Domestic Television
Television series by Wonderland Sound and Vision
Television shows set in Los Angeles
Television series by Kapital Entertainment |
```scala
package com.wavesplatform.utils
import com.typesafe.config.{Config, ConfigFactory, ConfigRenderOptions}
object SystemInformationReporter extends ScorexLogging {
def report(config: Config): Unit = {
val resolved = config.resolve()
val configForLogs = {
val orig = Seq(
"waves",
"metrics"
).foldLeft(ConfigFactory.empty()) { case (r, path) => r.withFallback(resolved.withOnlyPath(path)) }
Seq(
"waves.custom.genesis",
"waves.wallet",
"waves.rest-api.api-key-hash",
"metrics.influx-db"
).foldLeft(orig)(_.withoutPath(_))
}
val renderOptions = ConfigRenderOptions
.defaults()
.setOriginComments(false)
.setComments(false)
.setFormatted(false)
val logInfo: Seq[(String, Any)] = Seq(
"Available processors" -> Runtime.getRuntime.availableProcessors,
"Max memory available" -> Runtime.getRuntime.maxMemory
) ++ Seq(
"os.name",
"os.version",
"os.arch",
"java.version",
"java.vendor",
"java.home",
"java.class.path",
"user.dir",
"sun.net.inetaddr.ttl",
"sun.net.inetaddr.negative.ttl",
"networkaddress.cache.ttl",
"networkaddress.cache.negative.ttl"
).map { x =>
x -> System.getProperty(x)
} ++ Seq(
"Configuration" -> configForLogs.root.render(renderOptions)
)
log.debug(logInfo.map { case (n, v) => s"$n: $v" }.mkString("\n"))
}
}
``` |
Sonya L. Robinson (born July 29, 1959) is an American musician and songwriter.
Background
Sonya Robinson is a graduate of Nicolet High School in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. In 1983, she was crowned Miss Black America.
Recording Artist
In 1987, she released her first CD, entitled "Sonya" on Columbia Records. It was produced by Jean-Paul Bourelly.
Miles Davis once compared her violin playing to Stuff Smith and Ray Nance.
References
External links
Official Facebook page
Official website
American jazz violinists
American women violinists
Songwriters from Wisconsin
Living people
1959 births
21st-century violinists
African-American beauty pageant winners
African-American women musicians
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people |
Jet Set Jewel is the sixth studio album by Scottish musician Jack Bruce. The album was recorded in 1978 with the same musicians as his previous album, How's Tricks, but was rejected as uncommercial and not released until Polydor Records' Jack Bruce re-issue campaign in 2003.
Track listing
Personnel
Jack Bruce - vocals, bass, piano, cello
Hughie Burns - guitars, backing vocals
Tony Hymas - keyboards, backing vocals
Simon Phillips - drums, backing vocals
Dick Heckstall-Smith - saxophone on 1 & 3
References
Jack Bruce albums
2003 albums
Polydor Records albums
Albums recorded at Trident Studios |
Transformation is the first studio album by bassist Tal Wilkenfeld, released independently on 14 May 2007. The album was recorded when she was 19 years old, having moved to the United States from her native Australia.
Track listing
Personnel
Tal Wilkenfeld – bass, arrangement, producer
Wayne Krantz – guitar
Geoffrey Keezer – keyboard, piano
Keith Carlock – drums
Samuel Torres – percussion (track 3)
Oteil Burbridge – bass melody (track 6)
Seamus Blake - saxophone
Malcolm Pollack – engineering
Roy Hendrickson – engineering (overdubs)
Bryan Pugh – engineering assistance
Joe Ferla – mixing
Bernie Grundman – mastering
References
External links
Tal Wilkenfeld: Serendipity at jazz.com
2007 debut albums
Self-released albums |
Arne Øren (born 29 December 1943) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
He graduated from the University of Oslo with a cand.mag. degree in 1968, and later took courses which enabled him to be a teacher. He taught in middle schools in Slemmestad, Spikkestad and Rolvsøy until 1982.
He was elected to the municipal council of Rolvsøy in 1975. He became deputy mayor from 1980 to 1982, and mayor from 1982 to 1991. He remained a council member until Rolvsøy municipality ceased to exist. Øren instead concentrated on the position of county mayor () of Østfold, which he became following the 1991 election. He stepped down ahead of the 2007 election.
He is also the chair of Kommunal Landspensjonskasse. He has chaired Østfold Bompengeselskap.
References
1943 births
Living people
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Mayors of places in Østfold
Chairmen of County Councils of Norway
University of Oslo alumni
People from Saltdal |
Two male athletes from Saudi Arabia competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics in Atlanta, United States.
See also
Saudi Arabia at the Paralympics
Saudi Arabia at the 1996 Summer Olympics
References
Nations at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
1996
Summer Paralympics |
```go
// +build openbsd
// +build 386 amd64 arm arm64
package pty
type ptmget struct {
Cfd int32
Sfd int32
Cn [16]int8
Sn [16]int8
}
var ioctl_PTMGET = 0x40287401
``` |
Lieutenant General Sir Carl Herman Jess, (16 February 1884 – 16 June 1948) was an Australian Army officer who served in the First and Second World Wars.
Early life and career
Carl Herman Jess was born on 16 February 1884 in the city of Bendigo, Victoria, to George Jess, a master German painter, and his wife, Mary, , an immigrant from Ireland. One of nine children, he was educated at Violet Street State School in Bendigo. From 1899 to 1906, he worked at the school as a teacher.
In 1899, Jess joined the First Victorian Volunteer Cadets, rising to the rank of sergeant. In February 1902, he enlisted in the 5th Battalion of the Victorian Infantry, again rising quickly through the enlisted ranks to lance corporal and then in 1903, lance sergeant and then sergeant in 1904. On 7 June 1906, he resigned from the militia and the Victorian Education Department in order to take up a position with the Instructional Staff of the permanent forces.
Jess was promoted to sergeant major on 1 January 1907. On 1 July 1909, he was commissioned as a full lieutenant. On 1 January 1911 he was sent to New South Wales as brigade major of the 5th Infantry Brigade with the rank of temporary captain, the rank became permanent on 1 July 1912. While there, he studied the Diploma of Military Science at the University of Sydney. He returned to Victoria as brigade major of the 15th Infantry Brigade. On 13 December 1911 he became staff officer in charge of administering the Universal Training scheme in Victoria. Then on 1 July 1914, he became Deputy Assistant Adjutants General of the 4th Military District (South Australia).
First World War
On the outbreak of the First World War, Jess was involved in the mobilisation of the Australian Military Force (AMF) in South Australia, and then of the preparation of the South Australian contingent, the 10th Infantry Battalion and the 2nd Squadron, 3rd Light Horse Regiment. He joined the Australian Imperial Force himself in Melbourne on 23 September 1914, having been selected for the post of staff captain with the 4th Infantry Brigade by Colonel John Monash.
Jess landed at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915 and served throughout the Gallipoli Campaign. He became brigade major of the 2nd Brigade on 23 May 1915 with the rank of major, serving with distinction in the front line, most notably alongside Lieutenant Colonel Bennett in the attack on the German Officers' Trench on 7 August 1915. He was well known by Australian Diggers for his courage at Gallipoli and his cool head in the face of extraordinary circumstances. For his service at Gallipoli, he was Mentioned in Despatches and 1916 was awarded the Order of the White Eagle by the King of Serbia.
Jess returned to Egypt on 7 January 1916. On 28 February 1916 he was given command of the 7th Battalion, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 12 March 1916. At Pozières in July 1916 he again distinguished himself as a front-line leader. He was gassed at Pozières and refused to leave his post and for this he was twice Mentioned in Despatches and awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on 1 January 1917.
On 19 November 1916 Jess was appointed first commandant of the I Anzac Corps School but on 27 November he was recalled to temporarily command 2nd Brigade. From 13 March 1917 to 8 September 1917, he was an instructor at the School for Commanding Officers at Aldershot, England, the first Australian officer to hold such an appointment.
On 8 September 1917, Jess was appointed the task of GSO2 at I Anzac Corps Headquarters. Then on 7 January 1918 he became GSO1 at 2nd Division Headquarters. On 20 January 1918, he transferred to the 3rd Division Headquarters. Jess was promoted to major in the AMF on 1 January 1918, lieutenant colonel on 3 June 1918, colonel and temporary brigadier general on 7 October 1918, taking over the 10th Infantry Brigade. For his service on the Western Front in the final year of war, he was again mentioned in despatches and appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 1919 New Year's List.
Jess took over the AIF Training Depot at Codford, England in March 1919 and in July, he became Commandant of the AIF Administrative Headquarters in London. Jess replaced Monash as Director General of Repatriation, and then General Sir William Birdwood as General Officer Commanding AIF, he finally completed the AIF's affairs overseas in January 1920. For this work, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).
Between the wars
On termination of his AIF appointment on 21 January 1920, Jess reverted to his permanent rank of lieutenant colonel. He attended the Staff College at Camberley, and after the birth of his first son, Carl McGibbon Jess in 1921, he returned to Australia, receiving a civic welcome from his home town of Bendigo.
Jess became a staff officer with the 4th Division in May 1921. His second son, John David Jess (Member House of Representatives and Federal Member for Latrobe Victoria 1960–1972) was born in Melbourne in 1922. In 1925, he became Commandant of the 6th Military District (Tasmania). He was promoted to full colonel in 1926 and became commandant of the 5th Military District (Western Australia) in August 1927. He was promoted to brigadier in January 1929 and was aide-de-camp to the Governor General from 1931 to 1935. Jess was involved in organising the centennial celebrations in Western Australia and then in 1933 in Victoria. For this he was created a Knight Bachelor in the 1935 New Year's List.
In December 1934, Jess was appointed adjutant general, and became a member of the Military Board. He was promoted to the rank of major general in July 1935.
Second World War
With the outbreak of the Second World War, Jess was awarded the Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in June 1939, and promoted to lieutenant general on 12 December 1939. As Adjutant General, Jess had been appointed chairman of the Department of Defence's Manpower Committee in September 1938 and was responsible for greatly increasing the size of the militia. he relinquished this post to Major General Blamey. When Blamey was appointed to command the 6th Division in September 1939, Jess transferred from Adjutant General to this post.
Jess retained the post until March 1944. He became Director of Women's National Services (AWAS) in 1943 and organised the Australian Women's Land Army. With a strength of over 3,000, this organisation employed women on jobs throughout Australia.
Later life
After leaving the Department of Labour and National Service in March 1944, Jess became involved in a survey and classification of army records, compiling a report of the activities of the AMF from 1929 to 1939. His work was unfinished when he went on sick leave in July 1945. On 1 April 1946 he was placed on the retired list. He died at the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital in Melbourne on 16 June 1948 and was cremated with full military honours.
Jess was also a prolific artist; when he joined the Victorian Volunteer Cadets in 1899, he started making artworks of the uniforms of various units. Shortly before his death, Jess' watercolour paintings of 19th- and 20th-century Australian and British military uniforms were purchased by the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. His hand carved and painted models of military figures were exhibited and housed at the Royal Military College, Duntroon. They were subsequently shown at the Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne and are now in private collections in Melbourne.
References
Further reading
External links
Generals of World War II
1884 births
1948 deaths
Australian generals
Australian military personnel of World War I
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Bachelor
People from Bendigo
Australian people of German descent
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Infectious disease deaths in Victoria (state)
Tuberculosis deaths in Australia
Military art
Military personnel from Victoria (state)
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley |
GBY refer to:
Daughters of Jacob Bridge (Hebrew: , Gesher Bnot Ya'akov)
Gwari language |
```smalltalk
Package { #name : 'UndefinedClasses-Tests' }
``` |
Șuri is a commune in Drochia District, Moldova. It is composed of two villages, Șuri and Șurii Noi. At the 2004 census, the commune had 4,614 inhabitants.
References
Communes of Drochia District |
Astika is a Bulgarian beer brand made in the city of Haskovo (). The Astika Brewery was established in 1980, and in 1995 was bought by Kamenitza, itself currently owned by Molson Coors. It has two brands – Astika Light (originally Astika Lux) and Astika Dark (5.6%, sold in winter). As of 2012, Astika is sold in 600 ml bottles, with a pull-off top, as well as 500ml cans as of 2017 that are priced at 1.05 лв Bulgarian lev
External links
Astika at Molson Coors
Astika at Kamenitza
Beer in Bulgaria
Molson Coors brands
Products introduced in 1980
Beer brands |
```html
<!--
or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
specific language governing permissions and limitations
-->
<div class="x_panel">
<div class="x_title">
<ol class="breadcrumb pull-left">
<li class="active">Divisions</li>
</ol>
<div class="pull-right">
<button name="createDivisionButton" class="btn btn-primary" title="Create Division" ng-click="createDivision()"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i></button>
<button class="btn btn-default" title="Refresh" ng-click="refresh()"><i class="fa fa-refresh"></i></button>
</div>
<div class="clearfix"></div>
</div>
<div class="x_content">
<br>
<table id="divisionsTable" class="table responsive-utilities jambo_table">
<thead>
<tr class="headings">
<th>Name</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr ng-click="editDivision(d.id)" ng-repeat="d in ::divisions">
<td name="name" data-search="^{{::d.name}}$">{{::d.name}}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
``` |
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\MyBusinessLodging;
class GetGoogleUpdatedLodgingResponse extends \Google\Model
{
/**
* @var string
*/
public $diffMask;
protected $lodgingType = Lodging::class;
protected $lodgingDataType = '';
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setDiffMask($diffMask)
{
$this->diffMask = $diffMask;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getDiffMask()
{
return $this->diffMask;
}
/**
* @param Lodging
*/
public function setLodging(Lodging $lodging)
{
$this->lodging = $lodging;
}
/**
* @return Lodging
*/
public function getLodging()
{
return $this->lodging;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(GetGoogleUpdatedLodgingResponse::class, your_sha256_hash);
``` |
Haldon Darryl Allan Eastman (born July 6, 1948) is a Canadian television director and executive producer.
Born in Manitoba, Eastman received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Manitoba in 1971. He then studied at the Film School of the University of Bristol where he wrote and directed his first film A Sweeter Song. He directed the feature films The War Boy (1985), Crazy Moon (1986) and Danger Zone (1996).
Eastman was an executive producer for television shows including Night Man, Beastmaster and Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda. He has also directed episodes for TV shows such as The Littlest Hobo, Road to Avonlea, Beachcombers, Friday the 13th: The Series, Danger Bay, Sliders, Night Man, F/X: The Series, Poltergeist: The Legacy, Gene Roddenberry's Earth: Final Conflict, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda and Degrassi: The Next Generation.
Eastman's miniseries Ford: The Man and the Machine was the recipient of three Gemini Awards, including Best Miniseries, and seven other nominations, while Race for the Bomb and Champagne Charlie also earned seven Gemini nominations. Eastman also received a Golden Reel Award, as the director of Ford, and a 2001 Leo Award for Andromeda Best Dramatic Series.
Films
A Sweeter Song - 1976
The War Boy - 1985
Crazy Moon - 1987
Danger Zone - 1996
Television series
Night Man
Beastmaster
The Littlest Hobo
Road to Avonlea
Beachcombers
Friday the 13th: The Series
Danger Bay
Sliders
Night Man
F/X: The Series
Poltergeist: The Legacy
Gene Roddenberry's Earth: Final Conflict
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
Star Trek: Voyager
Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda
Degrassi: The Next Generation
Stargate SG1: Episode 13
Champagne Charlie (1989)
References
External links
1948 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Canadian television directors
Canadian television producers
Film directors from Manitoba
University of Manitoba alumni |
Prévondavaux ( ) is a municipality in the district of Broye in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland.
History
Prévondavaux is first mentioned in 1403 as Profunda vallis. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Tiefental, however, that name is no longer used.
Geography
Prévondavaux has an area, , of . Of this area, or 63.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 32.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 5.0% is settled (buildings or roads).
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.2%. Out of the forested land, 25.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 7.2% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 33.3% is used for growing crops and 30.0% is pastures.
The municipality is located in the Broye district, in the far western corner of the Surpierre exclave.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, on a Bend wavy Argent in chief a Mullet of Five Or.
Demographics
Prévondavaux has a population () of . , 9.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 14.5%. Migration accounted for 1.8%, while births and deaths accounted for 12.7%.
Most of the population () speaks French (57 or 90.5%) as their first language, German is the second most common (5 or 7.9%) and Italian is the third (1 or 1.6%).
, the population was 58.8% male and 41.2% female. The population was made up of 36 Swiss men (52.9% of the population) and 4 (5.9%) non-Swiss men. There were 24 Swiss women (35.3%) and 4 (5.9%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 23 or about 36.5% were born in Prévondavaux and lived there in 2000. There were 6 or 9.5% who were born in the same canton, while 26 or 41.3% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 8 or 12.7% were born outside of Switzerland.
The age distribution, , in Prévondavaux is; 9 children or 14.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 8 teenagers or 12.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 13 people or 20.6% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 10 people or 15.9% are between 30 and 39, 7 people or 11.1% are between 40 and 49, and 10 people or 15.9% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 2 people or 3.2% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 2 people or 3.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 2 people or 3.2% who are between 80 and 89.
, there were 29 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 29 married individuals, 3 widows or widowers and 2 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 23 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.7 persons per household. There were 3 households that consist of only one person and 2 households with five or more people. , a total of 22 apartments (71.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 7 apartments (22.6%) were seasonally occupied and 2 apartments (6.5%) were empty. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 3.13%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 46.5% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (23.9%), the FDP (14.2%) and the CVP (11.0%).
The SVP gained an additional 10.4% of the vote from the 2007 Federal election (36.0% in 2007 vs 46.5% in 2011). The SPS gained popularity (18.6% in 2007), the FDP moved from below fourth place in 2007 to third and the CVP moved from third in 2007 (with 16.2%) to fourth. A total of 23 votes were cast in this election.
Economy
, Prévondavaux had an unemployment rate of 2.8%. , there were 15 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector. 2 people were employed in the secondary sector and there was 1 business in this sector. 4 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 3 businesses in this sector. There were 37 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.5% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 15. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 10, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2, both in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 3, of which 1 was in the movement and storage of goods and 1 was in education.
, there were 1 workers who commuted into the municipality and 22 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 22.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.
Religion
From the , 28 or 44.4% were Roman Catholic, while 19 or 30.2% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There were 9 (or about 14.29% of the population) who were Islamic. 6 (or about 9.52% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1 individual (or about 1.59% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Prévondavaux about 24 or (38.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 6 or (9.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 6 who completed tertiary schooling, half were Swiss men, half were Swiss women.
The Canton of Fribourg school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school. The upper Secondary school is divided into gymnasium (university preparatory) and vocational programs. After they finish the upper Secondary program, students may choose to attend a Tertiary school or continue their apprenticeship.
During the 2010–11 school year, there were a total of 16 students attending one class in Prévondavaux. A total of 13 students from the municipality attended any school, either in the municipality or outside of it. There were no kindergarten classes in the municipality, but 5 students attended kindergarten in a neighboring municipality. The municipality had one primary class and 16 students. There were no upper Secondary classes or vocational classes. who attended classes in another municipality. The municipality had no non-university Tertiary classes. who attended classes in another municipality.
, there were 9 students in Prévondavaux who came from another municipality, while 4 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
Municipalities of the canton of Fribourg |
The Triumph Tiger 110 is a British sports motorcycle that Triumph first made at their Coventry factory between 1953 and 1961. The T110 was developed from the Triumph Thunderbird and first appeared in 1954.
Although it was supposed to be the sports model of the Triumph range, the Tiger 110 was later fitted with the rear paneling that was introduced with Triumph's 350cc 3TA twin in 1957. This rear cowling earned it the nickname 'bathtub' from its shape and made the T110 look somewhat staid. In any event, from 1959, the T120 Bonneville was now Triumph's leading sports model and before the introduction of Edward Turner's unit construction 650cc twin in 1962, the T110 was dropped from Triumph's range.
Development
The Triumph Tiger 110 650 cc OHV Twin was Triumph's fastest production motorcycle to date because it was developed for the American market, which wanted more power. The T110 was first built in 1953 and introduced as a 1954 model. The originally cast iron cylinder block and head soon were replaced with a light alloy cylinder head with special airways to improve cooling and austenitic iron valve seat inserts. The external oil feed pipes were also replaced with internal oilways via the pushrod tubes.
The Triumph Tiger 100 was named because it was capable of , so it was an obvious marketing idea to call the new bike the Tiger 110 - although technically the best one way speed obtained by The Motor Cycle magazine in tests was - but the speedometer was reading , so there was a margin of error.
By 1959, the Tiger 110 was no longer Triumph's fastest model, the dual carburettor Bonneville T120 having taken its mantle. Triumph added the enclosed panels from the Twenty One which, resembling an upside-down Victorian slipper bathtub, earned the bike the nickname 'bathtub'.
World Speed Record
On 6 September 1956, at Bonneville Salt Flats American racer Johnny Allen secured the motorcycle land-speed record on a heavily modified Triumph T110 with a top speed of . This success led to the development of the Tiger T110's successor - the Triumph Bonneville.
See also
List of motorcycles of the 1950s
List of Triumph motorcycles
References
External links
Review on Real Classic including original brochure
Tiger 110
Land speed record motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in the 1950s
Motorcycles powered by straight-twin engines |
```xml
import * as React from "react";
import Frame from "../components/Frame";
import Image from "../components/Img";
import { EmbedProps as Props } from ".";
function Diagrams({ matches, ...props }: Props) {
const { embed } = props;
const embedUrl = matches[0];
const params = new URL(embedUrl).searchParams;
const titlePrefix = embed.settings?.url ? "Draw.io" : "Diagrams.net";
const title = params.get("title")
? `${titlePrefix} (${params.get("title")})`
: titlePrefix;
return (
<Frame
{...props}
src={props.attrs.href}
icon={
<Image
src="/images/diagrams.png"
alt="Diagrams.net"
width={16}
height={16}
/>
}
canonicalUrl={props.attrs.href}
title={title}
border
/>
);
}
export default Diagrams;
``` |
Speyeria edwardsii, the Edwards' fritillary, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae of North America. It is common from Alberta east to Manitoba and south as far as northern New Mexico.
This butterfly is mostly orange coloured with distinct dark-brown bars on the topside. The wing margins are dark with lighter circles then darker crescents. Silvery spots predominate on the yellowish underside.
Wingspan ranges from .
Larva feeds on Viola nuttallii.
Similar species
Great spangled fritillary – S. cybele
Callippe fritillary – S. callippe
References
Speyeria
Butterflies of North America
Butterflies described in 1866
Taxa named by Tryon Reakirt |
Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola (May 1862 – June 1942) was a politician and legislator in British India. He served as Mayor of Bombay, Chairman of the Fiscal Commission and later as President of the Central Legislative Assembly.
Early life and early career
Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola was born in May 1862 in a well known merchant family in Bombay. He studied at the Elphinstone High School and showed aptitude in arithmetics, algebra and geometry. His failure in the matriculation exam of 1877 ended his scholastic career and he joined his father Rahimtoola Kaderbhoy and older brother Muhammad Rahimtoola in business. In 1880, his father died, and brothers were left without much experience in business. Rahimtoola then chose a different career thanks to various changes including the foundation of the Indian National Congress in 1885.
Career
In 1892 he joined the Mandvi Ward of the Bombay Municipal Corporation. He worked in the corporation for 26 years. In 1895 he warned of a plague outbreak in Bombay and it broke out in 1897 taking countless lives. By 1898 he had become President of the Standing Committee of the corporation. In the same year the Corporation deputed him as a representative on the Improvements Trust where he served for another twenty years [1898-1918].
The following year [1899] he was elected President Mayor of the corporation. He received tremendous encouragement from Sir Pherozesha Mehta, a well known luminary of Bombay. His work for the city was recognized and he was made a Justice of Peace [J.P]. He became member of the Bombay Legislature in the same period [1899] thus starting a career as a parliamentarian. In August 1900 the Ismaili community honored him in a grand banquet.
By 1904 during the conference of the Congress at Bombay, he was elected to a committee of that body to consider its constitution. All through the stormy period of 1907–1910, when the bulk of the Muslims held aloof from the Indian National Congress, he lent his support equally to the Congress and the Muslim League. In 1904, he became the Sheriff of Bombay.
With the advent of the Morley-Minto Reforms, he widened his activities to take full advantage of the added privileges. He was the first, at any rate in the Bombay Council to use the right of introducing private bills. It was his Bill for the registration of charities that was introduced to the floor in 1910. Lord Thomas Sydenham, the then Governor, the Chief Justice of Bombay High Court, the Press and the general public supported the Bill accordingly.
Towards the end of 1912 he sought election to the Imperial Legislative Council. In 1913, he was elected president of the All-India Muslim League. Abul Kalam Azad hailed his presidential speech at the AIML meeting in Agra as "the first in Islamic political literature soaked in Indian nationalism." Riding on waves of worldwide Islamic outrage after the 1911 Tripoli massacre, and the British position of "neutrality" in the matter, the League that year substantially modified its pro-British "loyal" position.
Rahimtoola was re-elected for the second time in 1916. His most enduring work in the Imperial Legislative Council was in the sphere of India's commercial and industrial progress. It was due largely to his efforts that the three important commissions - The Industrial, Railway and Fiscal Commissions, which have assisted to shape the Indian government's policy in regard to industries, railways and tariff, were appointed. He was appointed the President of the Fiscal Commission in October 1921.
Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola also proposed the British India Government to take due measure for the defense of vast Indian sea-coast. He published his article in 'The Times of India' in January, 1918 and emphasized the creation of the Indian Navy to protect the Indian coasts. The Imam also buttressed his views and according to N.M. Dumasia in 'The Aga Khan and His Ancestors' (Bombay, 1939, p. 237) that, 'The Aga Khan is strongly in favor of the view advanced by Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola that for the defense of the extensive sea-coast of India, there should be sufficient Indian material.'
In the beginning of 1918, Sir Mahadev Chaubal retired from his membership of the Government of Bombay and the choice thus fell on Rahimtoola to fill that vacancy. It was a tribute to his eminence in public life and reputation for statesmanship. He also became an ordinary fellow of Bombay University by 1921.
Sir Ibrahim had intended to seek election to the Legislative Assembly after his retirement. But in May 1923 two months after his retirement from the Executive Council came the news of the demise of Sir Narayan Chandavarkar Ganesh [1855-1923], the nominated President of the Bombay Legislative Council. Rahimtoola at the earnest request of then Governor Sir George Lloyd accepted the President ship of the council. His term of the office terminated on 18 February 1925. The Governor as a non-official member of the Council further nominated him with a view to his eventual election as its president. When the nominations were announced on 19 February 1925 no one opposed the nomination. He became the first elected President of the Bombay Legislative Council.
Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola was also an active participant in the deliberations of the All India Muslim League. He favored free and compulsory education during the 4th session at Nagpur in December 1910. He was a delegate to the first Hindu-Muslim Unity Conference, Allahabad, 1911 under the President ship of Sir William Wedderburn. He also became the President of AIML during the 7th session in Agra, 1913, and the Vice-President during the 9th session in Lucknow in December, 1916. He also presided the All India Muslim Educational Conference in Bombay on 27 December 1924. According to 'The Aga Khan and His Ancestors' (Bombay, 1939, p. 180), 'In the Bombay Presidency the community over which the Aga Khan presided with such distinction possess such eminent leaders as Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola who, like his revered leader, valiantly pressed Muslim claims.'
Rahimtoola worked with pro-Congress leaders like Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the Aga Khan, and brought in an amendment to the constitution of the League, adding statement 2(d), seeking “attainment under the aegis of the British Crown a system of self Government suitable to India through constitutional means...” This marked an important shift in
Indian Islamic attitudes from a position of loyalty to the government, to an alignment with the mainstream Hindu groups like the Indian National Congress.
In November 1924, he was knighted by the British Raj. A street in Bhendi Bazaar, Bombay is named after him.
Overall Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola remained a member of Bombay Legislative Council [1899-1912], Imperial Legislative Council [1913-1916], Government's Executive Council for Education and Local Self-Government [1918-1923], the President of Legislative Council Bombay [1923-1928], Member of Indian Legislative Assembly in 1931, President of the Indian Legislative Assembly [1931 to 1933], the Chairman of Indian Fiscal Committee [1921] - the first Indian Muslim to hold this post, the member of Royal Commission on Labor in 1929 and also delegated to Round Table Conference London in 1930.
On the social welfare front Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola was a member of Joint School Commission, the President of Muslim Gymkhana, Vice-President of Anujman-e-Islam, and the President of Mulji Jivraj Library.
Death
Ibrahim Rahimtoola died in June 1942 at Bombay, aged 80.
Relatives in politics
His younger brother Jafar Rahimtoola was also an active member of the Bombay Municipal Corporation and became Mayor in 1909. His elder son Sir Fazal Rahimtoola remained active in Indian Politics even after partition and was a staunch Indian Nationalist. His younger son Habib Rahimtoola was a close confidant of Jinnah and became one of the founding persons of Pakistan.
Personal life
He had one son and a daughter by his first wife. He married second time in 1903, having three sons and three daughters. One of his sons, Habib Ibrahim Rahimtoola became involved in the Pakistan Movement, later serving as the first high commissioner to the United Kingdom from Pakistan, Governor of Sindh and Governor of Punjab.
Honours
He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1907 New Year Honours list. On 12 December 1911, he was knighted in a special honours list issued for the 1911 Delhi Durbar. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) in the 1923 Birthday Honours list, and also received the silver Kaisar-i-Hind medal around the same time for his valuable services and generosity. In the 1935 Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE).
Accolades
The Bombay Municipality had given the name of the road between J.J. Hospital and Bhindi Bazaar as Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola Road.
Aga Khan III [Sultan Mohammed Shah] regarded Sir Ibrahim highly and commented that he was the most distinguished member our community has produced in Western India.
Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola's portrait is present in the Lok Sabha Chamber of the Indian Parliament at Delhi. This was in connection with him being former President of the Central Legislative Assembly.
President of India Pranab Mukherjee in his address to parliament in 2014 mentioned Sir Ibrahim Rahimtoola as 'one of the former Presidents of the Central Legislative Assembly who laid the solid foundations for India's parliamentary system.
References
1862 births
1942 deaths
Mayors of Mumbai
Indian knights
Indian Ismailis
Gujarati people
Indian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Bachelor
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Members of the Bombay Legislative Council
Indian justices of the peace
People from Bombay Presidency |
Rear admiral Wilfred Geoffrey Brittain CBE CB (19 June 1903 – 1979) was a Royal Navy officer who became Flag Officer, Malta.
Naval career
Brittain joined the Royal Navy in January 1917 during World War I. He also served in World War II becoming commanding officer of the cruiser HMS Royalist in December 1944. After the War he became Director of Navigation at the Admiralty in December 1949, Captain of the Fleet, Home Fleet in April 1952 and Flag Officer, Malta in August 1954.
References
1903 births
1979 deaths
Royal Navy rear admirals
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of the Bath |
Aconit (formerly HMS Aconite) was one of the nine s lent by the Royal Navy to the Free French Naval Forces. During World War II, she escorted 116 convoys, spending 728 days at sea. She was awarded the Croix de la Libération and the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945, and was cited by the British Admiralty. Following the war she was used as whaling ship for three different companies from 1947 to 1964.
War service
Early history 1941-42
Aconite was built by Ailsa Shipbuilding Company Ltd at Troon in Scotland, and was commissioned on 19 July 1941, under Lieutenant de vaisseau Jean Levasseur (fr). She was attached to the Free French Naval Forces (FNFL) on 23 July 1941, and assigned to the Clyde escort group on 17 August 1941, joining the Newfoundland Forces.
Aconit took a very active part in the Battle of the Atlantic for two years, protecting convoys sailing from Newfoundland to the U.K. via Iceland. She also took part to the operations(fr) in Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon between 10 and 27 December 1941.
In 1942 Aconit, with three other FNFL corvettes, was assigned to Escort Group B-3 of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force and served with this group for the rest of the campaign.
1943
On 10 and 11 March 1943, Aconit, one of eight warships escorting a large convoy HX228, destroyed two German submarines, and .
On Tuesday 9 March the convoy was five days out from Newfoundland. At 0800 a plane from a U.S. carrier sighted a U-boat ahead. At 1500, the carrier was short on fuel and had to turn back. At 1930, an ammunition ship had been hit and on a second ship SS Andrea F. Luckenbach, men were taking to the boats.
In response the escort leader, , hunted U-444 by sweeping through the lumbering convoy. A corvette was detailed to rescue survivors as the underwater search went on. Hours passed as the destroyer remained in the attack area. At midnight, astern of the convoy, silently moving up to regain station U-444 was surfaced and going at top speed after the convoy. After the U-boat dived, Harvester raced over dive position and forced her to surface by depth charge attacks. Circling at speed Harvester searched and spotted the U-boat 500 yards ahead. Making revs for the destroyer rammed U-444, disabling herself in the process. From astern Aconit sighted U-444 as Harvester broke free and closed to make her own ramming attack.
Harvester, dead in the water, picked up one survivor and Aconit another four. Commander Tait ordered Aconit to rejoin convoy HX228 and with only the damaged starboard propeller shaft turning, Harvester limped behind at . At 0400 on 10 March, 50 survivors of SS William C. Gorgas (a Liberty ship sunk by U-757) were sighted and rescued. During the morning of 11 March, Harvesters remaining shaft broke. A signal was made to Aconit "Am stopped. Stand by me".
At 1100 Harvester was hit by the first torpedo from U-432. As the officers and crew prepared to abandon ship in the middle of the intensely cold Atlantic, a second torpedo was fired. The captain, seven officers, 136 ratings and 39 survivors were lost. Aconit returned to the scene and forced U-432 to surface, then sank her with artillery fire and ramming. During the day, the French corvette picked up 60 survivors from Harvester, including 12 survivors from the William C. Gorgas. Aconit also captured 12 survivors from U-432, including the second officer.
The senior surviving officer of Harvester, Lieutenant J L Briggs (who had been gunnery control officer) interviewed the second-in-command of U-432, who had launched both torpedoes: "Why did you need to fire the second torpedo so shallow? What did you want to do, kill as many as you could?" The oberleutnant replied "didn't think you were sinking fast enough."
To the war's end 1943-45
From 1 to 12 April, Aconit undertook repairs in Glasgow. On 21 April 1943, at Greenock, General Charles de Gaulle came aboard and awarded the corvette and her commander the Croix de la Libération.
Under major repairs from 1 September to 10 October 1943, her commander was replaced by Lieutenant de vaisseau Le Miller. She rejoined the Battle of the Atlantic, attacking a German submarine on 13 December 1943.
Aconit spent the first months of 1944 in Casablanca and Gibraltar, On 6th March 1944 there was an incident at Gibraltar between the French corvette Aconit and the Italian Cruiser Guisseppi Garibaldi, involving French insults to the Italian Flag and vice versa.
On 5 June 1944 she escorted the convoy U-3 from Torbay to France, coming under attack from German airplanes. During the Normandy landings, she was attached to the 108th escort group, along with Free French ships Aventure, Escarmouche and Renoncule.
She last fired in anger on 11 April 1945. On 18 April, she undertook minor repairs, and returned to escorting convoys in May, until 5 June 1945, the official date for the end of naval operations in European waters.
Post war
Aconit was briefly used by the French naval school, before being given back to the Royal Navy on 30 April 1947 and renamed HMS Aconite.
In July 1947 the ship was sold to United Whalers, London, for whaling purposes. Rebuilt as buoy boat (towing vessel) by Harland & Wolff, Belfast, she was delivered in November as Terje 11 to serve the whaling factory Balaena. The company used a second corvette as Terje 10 (the former ) In summer 1951 she was converted in a whale catcher with an ice strengthened bow and worked with Balaena until the company gave up whaling at the end of the 1959/1960 season.
In August 1960 the Scottish company Christian Salvesen, with still five former Flower corvettes in service, purchased Terje 11 and renamed the whale catcher Southern Terrier '''. She worked three seasons with the whaling factory Southern Harvester.
She became chartered for her last catching season 1963/1964 by Anders Jahre's A/S Kosmos and worked for the factory ship Kosmos IV, the former German Walter Rau. Laid up in Norway 1964 she was sold for scrapping to Belgium, where she arrived in January 1967.
Legacy
In honour of this unit, three French warships have since been named Aconit'' including the modern stealth frigate .
See also
List of escorteurs of the French Navy
Notes
Sources
External links
uboat.net
netmarine.net One of the most complete resources, including detailed historical and technical data, photographs and schematics
ordredelaliberation.fr
FFS Aconit on the Arnold Hague database at convoyweb.org.uk.
whale catcher Southern Terrier
Flower-class corvettes of the Free French Naval Forces
World War II corvettes of France
Companions of the Liberation
1941 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde |
The 1973 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season was the 27th in the club's history since their entry into the then New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership in 1947. Manly went into the 1973 season as the reigning premiers having won the 1972 Grand Final defeating Eastern Suburbs 19-14.
As they were in 1972, the 1973 Sea Eagles were coached by former Australian international and Manly fullback Ron Willey. Captaining the side was long serving hooker Fred Jones. The club competed in the New South Wales Rugby Football League's 1973 Premiership season and played its home games at the 20,000 capacity Brookvale Oval.
Ladder
Regular season
Finals
Major Semi-Final
Grand Final
After Cronulla-Sutherland's 14-4 loss in the major semi-final, Manly-Warringah expected the Sharks would be fired up for the Grand Final. And they were. Ian Heads wrote in the Sunday Telegraph the next day that It was a Grand Final as tough and dirty as any bar-room brawl. Alan Clarkson wrote in the Sun Herald The fare served up in the first half belonged in the Colosseum. The first half was not how the game's administrators would have wished to show-case rugby league, every tackle was loaded with menace and meant to damage. But from the melee Bob Fulton emerged and showed his unrivalled skill. Heads and Clarkson wrote of his "towering genius" and "football brilliance" respectively.
Manly's English import Malcolm Reilly, himself never one to take a backward step, was the first victim of the carnage. In the opening minute, Cronulla hooker Ron "Rocky" Turner set his sights on Reilly as the Englishman got an early kick away to take advantage of a strong breeze blowing towards the Bradman Stand (Paddington End). Turner missed Reilly the first time around, but didn't miss him a few minutes later. The Manly lock was left in agony from a badly bruised hip and had to leave the field for pain-killing injections. Knowing he probably wouldn't last the first half he then returned to the field and created mayhem despite the injections he received failing to work properly. He set about doing as much physical damage to Cronulla players as he could, but bowed out in the 25th minute and was replaced by reserve forward John Bucknall, who had played in Manly's winning Reserve Grade Grand Final side earlier in the day. Bucknall didn't think he would be needed and actually had a full lunch and soft drink shortly before the first grade game began.
After a number of brawls in the first half, referee Keith Page eventually called in all 26 players twice for mass cautions, threatening that any more foul play would result in players being sent off. Despite his warnings the back-alley tactics continued from both teams, and Page didn't send anyone from the field.
Then Fulton took over in the 29th and 58th minutes. 'Bozo' demonstrated power and pace in both tries. The first came from a brilliant Fred Jones flick pass
which saw Fulton split Eric Archer and Steve Rogers just twenty-five metres from the line. Fulton ran around to touch down near the posts and give Graham Eadie an easier shot at conversion which he duly slotted through the posts. Manly took a 5-0 scoreline to the half time break.
The second Fulton try came after Eadie took a pass from five-eighth Ian Martin, then looked for Fulton and set him up perfectly. Fulton raced for the Brewongle Stand corner and managed to put the ball down before being bundled into touch by Rogers and replacement fullback Rick Bourke. From out wide Eadie missed the conversion to make it 8-2 (Steve Rogers had kicked a penalty goal before Fulton scored his second try).
Cronulla had to wait a long time before they dented the Manly line. It was in the 70th minute that the crack appeared. Trailing 8-2, the Sharks struck when lock Greg Pierce positioned Rick Bourke for a try (Bourke was flattened by Manly winger Max Brown as he scored, resulting in a broken thumb for Brown). Rogers easily kicked the conversion to reduce the deficit to just one point. Eadie stretched the lead to three points from a penalty kick and then the Sharks rallied and bombarded Manly. Ultimately, the Manly defence of John Mayes, Terry Randall, Peter Peters, Eadie and Fulton were up to the task. It will, however, go down in Sharks folklore that a Tommy Bishop flick pass in the dying moments failed to go to hand with the Manly line wide open. It was a set move Cronulla had successfully played all year, but had adjusted for the Grand Final in anticipation of Manly's familiarity with the standard move. As expected, the Manly defence reacted to snuff out the set play, leaving a gap that Bishop's pass managed to pinpoint. But in the heat of the moment, Sharks second-rower Ken Maddison also played for the old move, ran the wrong line and the ball went to ground - and with it went the premiership.
Player statistics
Note: Games and (sub) show total games played, e.g. 1 (1) is 2 games played.
Representative Players
International
Australia – Ray Branighan, Graham Eadie, Bob Fulton, Bill Hamilton, John O'Neill, Dennis Ward
State
New South Wales – Ray Branighan, Graham Eadie, Bob Fulton, Bill Hamilton, Fred Jones, Ian Martin, Terry Randall
City vs Country
City Firsts – Bob Fulton, Ray Branighan,
City under 23 Chris Ryan
References
External links
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles official website
National Rugby League official website
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles seasons
Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season
Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles season |
Frankie Boyle's New World Order is a British comedy television programme created, written and presented by Frankie Boyle. Premiering in 2017 on BBC Two, it followed his BBC iPlayer-exclusive "Autopsy" shows. After a few minutes of stand-up, he makes two statements and discusses them with his guests. Boyle summarises each debate in a short monologue to camera. The programme finishes with Boyle sitting against the desk delivering a final longer monologue to camera.
Throughout its six series, regular guests included Sara Pascoe, Katherine Ryan, Mona Chalabi, Miles Jupp, Sophie Duker and Kiri Pritchard-McLean. The show also had annual specials that review news of the year. The show was cancelled in 2023.
Production
Following on from his BBC iPlayer-exclusive "Autopsy" shows, New World Order airs as prime time TV on BBC Two. It follows a very similar structure to Boyle's "Autopsy"; instead of the studio audience voting in agreement or disagreement with the thesis, however, Boyle summarises the debate in a short monologue to camera. The show premiered on 8 June 2017.
The show returned for a review of the year on 29 December 2017 as Frankie Boyle's 2017 New World Order. The second series of seven episodes started on 18 May 2018. The data journalist Mona Chalabi became a regular in this series. Another end-of-year review show, Frankie Boyle's 2018 New World Order, was broadcast on 27 December 2018. A third series began on 29 March 2019. Ryan was not in this series, having left the show. An end-of-year review show, Frankie Boyle's 2019 New World Order, was broadcast on 30 December 2019. A fourth series that debuted on 3 September 2020 was followed by a 2020 review show on 1 January 2021. In September 2021, Boyle announced that the show would return for a fifth series the following month, recorded in Glasgow.
Boyle spoke about the writing and filming process for series six in July 2022. He said that he would workshop material for the series in the Glee Club, Glasgow from July to the recording—this includes the closing monologues, co-authored by Charlie Skelton. He planned around 40 "warm-up shows" to practice jokes. Boyle said: "there's often a bit at the start where there's three big jokes that lead you in", to "try and get [the audience] on board and create some confidence with them".
Boyle announced in March 2023 that the BBC had cancelled the series, saying that this was "not surprising in the current climate, I suppose". A writer for Chortle commented that the BBC was potentially shifting prioritisation away from panel shows and towards scripted comedy, and that New World Orders viewership had declined over time. However, the writer and The Independents Louis Chilton connected it to criticisms that the BBC was avoiding content that was critical of the current government.
Episode list
Series 1 (2017)
As with the Autopsy shows, Sara Pascoe and Katherine Ryan were regulars for the first series.
Special (2017)
Series 2 (2018)
The series returned with Boyle, Pascoe and Ryan joined by the data journalist Mona Chalabi for the first half of the series. For the second half, Miles Jupp took over as a regular in place of Ryan. Chalabi was absent from the second half of the series.
Special (2018)
Series 3 (2019)
Special (2019)
Series 4 (2020)
This series was filmed without a studio audience, with a revised socially-distanced set due to COVID-19.
Special (2020/2021)
Series 5 (2021)
Filmed in front of a live studio audience in Glasgow.
Special (2021)
Series 6 (2022)
Filmed in front of a live studio audience in Glasgow.
Special (2022)
Most appearances
Up to and including 27 December 2022 (excludes the 5 "Unseen & Best Bits" episodes).
24 appearances
Miles Jupp
22 appearances
Sara Pascoe
15 appearances
Sophie Duker
Kiri Pritchard-McLean
11 appearances
Jamali Maddix
8 appearances
Katherine Ryan
6 appearances
Desiree Burch
Mona Chalabi
Rob Delaney
Susie McCabe
4 appearances
Ahir Shah
3 appearances
Sara Barron
Rosie Jones
Richard Osman
Lucy Prebble
Romesh Ranganathan
Reception
The show was nominated for the best Entertainment Performance BAFTA in 2020.
The Independents Louis Chilton commented on the show's legacy upon its cancellation, which he deemed "a profound disappointment". Chilton said that it was "one of the few shows on TV that was sincerely and unapologetically left-wing", with criticisms of Keir Starmer and tacit agreement for revolution, though centrist guests could also air their views. Chilton praised the show's "diverse roster of rotating guests", which included guest lineups that were entirely female or non-white, and gave opportunities to lesser-known comedians.
Footnotes
References
External links
2017 British television series debuts
2022 British television series endings
2010s British satirical television series
2010s British television talk shows
2020s British satirical television series
2020s British television talk shows
BBC satirical television shows
BBC television talk shows
English-language television shows
Improvisational television series
Television series by Zeppotron
Television series by Banijay |
Madhupur tract is a large upland area of 4,244 km2 in north central part of Bangladesh, stretching from east of Jamalpur in the north, to Fatullah and Narayanganj, in the south. The tract is mostly one large tract, unlike the Barind Tract. It is approximately one to ten metres above the nearby floodplains.
The tract is considered as an area of jungle-covered of old alluvium. It is an elevated plateau, with hillocks of varying heights, ranging from 30 to 60 feet. There are also cultivated valleys.
See also
Bhawal National Park
Geology of Bangladesh
Geography of Bangladesh
Footnotes
External links
Geographical regions
Geography of Bangladesh |
The Simpsons: Testify is an album that features songs from the animated television series The Simpsons. It was released on September 18, 2007. It includes appearances by artists such as Jackson Browne, Shawn Colvin, David Byrne, The B-52's, The Baha Men, NRBQ and "Weird Al" Yankovic, and an alternate version of the end credits performed by Los Lobos. Ricky Gervais, Steve Buscemi and Kelsey Grammer are also featured in various songs.
It includes four previously unaired bonus tracks: "Hullaba Lula" (featuring Kelsey Grammer as Sideshow Bob), "Song of the Wild Beasts", "Dancing Workers' Song" and "Oldies and Nudies".
Track listing
The album features the following tracks:
Reception
Dalton Ross of Entertainment Weekly praised the CD, calling it his obsession of the week and saying "The Simpsons ... is still capable of short bursts of genius. And many of them are collected on the show's latest musical collection, The Simpsons Testify. Listening to the CD reminds you what made you fall in love with the show in the first place: the random cameos (David Byrne to Weird Al Yankovic), pop-culture parodies (Stretch Dude and Clobber Girl), and knowing, self-deprecating humor (They'll Never Stop the Simpsons). My personal favorite is Ode to Branson, which pays tribute to all the washed-up celebrities of yesteryear. ... So even if the show is no longer appointment viewing in your house, this CD definitely warrants another trip to Springfield."
References
External links
Alf Clausen - The Simpsons Testify CD Interview
The Simpsons soundtrack albums
2007 soundtrack albums
Television animation soundtracks
Shout! Factory compilation albums
Shout! Factory soundtracks
Albums with cover art by Matt Groening |
Dahéli Hall is an American actress, stand-up comedian, writer, and director. Hall is most notable for her membership in the recurring cast of comedians on sketch comedy series MADtv during its 13th season.
Biography
Dahéli Hall was born in Gainesville, Florida, on June 17 and grew up in Miami, FL. She is the only child of her Jamaican father and Haitian mother.
She earned both a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts (1998) —in the Experimental Theater Wing—and a Master of Fine Arts degree in Producing for Film and TV from the University of Southern California.
Career
Hall is a writer, director and comic actress, best known as a cast member on Season 13 (5 episodes 2008) of MADtv, and as the zaniest cast member on BET's prank dating show Hell Date. Her body of work also includes several web series created under the banner www.Tickles.Tv; a documentary short film and a finalist in the HBO short films awards, for The Memo 2004 and Mandingo in a Box 2006.
She says about comedy "...comedy is my primary vehicle for expressing myself. I describe my style as a special blend of humor and intelligence. I think of comedy as "the great diplomat": "I believe people are most open when they laugh, and that's perfect time to get them thinking and communicating."
A common theme in hall's film and stand-up comedy is the range of social issues that black people face. Her first work of note, a short film entitled The Memo, explores in comedic fashion the misadventures of Ted, who does not "get the memo" that the black revolution has begun. Mandingo in a Box features a life-sized, black, male "lover doll" that supposedly represents the ideal man for black women. Hall made a slight creative departure as creative producer of The Peace Process, a documentary that centers on a young man who tries to set a positive example in his heavily gang-influenced community.
Hall has also lent her talents to teaching acting as a substitute instructor at the LA County High School for the Arts, where she taught and created a curriculum for 10th- to 12th-grade high-school students on the basic principles of improvisation. Her first foray into teaching began in Spring 2005 as a documentary film instructor at the Zeitgeist Community Learning Center, where she taught Crenshaw area high-school students how to shoot, direct and edit their own short documentary films. Dahéli continued lending her talents in the classroom serving as a guest lecturer at several colleges and universities including Los Angeles Valley College as well as, Clark Atlanta and the University of Georgia, both in Atlanta. Most recently, she returned to New York to give a lecture at the Fieldston School (College Prep Academy), on "Gender Politics in the Performing Arts".
In 2013 Hall was involved as a mentor at the NYUinLA Mentorship Program for 8 months.
Hall now puts on her own comedy variety show every month called Dahéli Live! with episodes searchable on YouTube.
MADtv
Hall joined the cast of MADtv Season 13 in 2008 as a feature performer. She became the fourth African-American female cast member in the show's history (Debra Wilson, Daniele Gaither and Nicole Randall Johnson were the first three), and the only one to be Afro-Caribbean. Hall only appeared in five episodes of Season Thirteen.
Selected filmography
Other Credits
Angry Black Women (co-writer, executive producer, producer)
Exchange (creator, executive producer, director)
Mandingo in a Box (writer, director)
Peace Process (writer, creative producer)
The Memo (writer, executive producer, director)
The Memo (2003) was shown at the 2004 Tiburon Film Festival.
Mandingo in a Box (2006) was chosen for inclusion in the second series of ABFF Independent in 2013.
With our partner ABFF, we are proud to bring 'ABFF Independent' back for an exciting second season," said Paul Butler, general manager, ASPiRE. "The series continues to provide an important spotlight for a variety of fun, provocative and moving independent projects from talented African-American voices.'
Angry Black Women (2016) was chosen as one of 63 independent Pilots at the 12th Annual New York Television Festival.
Exchange (2016) created, directed, and produced by Hall was one of 12 shorts on Disney Channel's aimed at young views. It was shown on the ad-supported online services and YouTube.
References
External links
1976 births
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American comedians
Actresses from Gainesville, Florida
African-American actresses
African-American female comedians
African-American film directors
African-American screenwriters
American film actresses
American film directors
American sketch comedians
American stand-up comedians
American television actresses
American women comedians
American women screenwriters
Living people
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni |
Genesis 1:5 is the fifth verse in the first chapter of the Book of Genesis, part of the Genesis creation narrative. In this verse, God names the newly created day and night. Interpretation of this passage hinges on the interpretation of Genesis 1:4. "Evening and morning" bring the narrative of the first day of Creation to a close, and there are also multiple interpretations of this phrase.
Interpretations
Day and night
Commentator Paul Kissling writes that, by naming the day and the night, God reveals his sovereign power over them, seeing the light and darkness here as purely physical. In the Ancient Near East, "the act of giving a name meant, above all, the exercise of a sovereign right." Galia Patt-Shamir points out that the "power of names and naming" is displayed here, but that later in the narrative this power of naming is also granted to Adam, the first human.
According to John Calvin, God is here instituting "a regular vicissitude of days and nights."
The Zohar, on the other hand, interprets the verse as describing an emanation which would be "the foundation root of universal life."
Evening and morning
The definition of "evening" and morning" without the Sun
The verse ends with a reference to evening and morning, which bring the first day of Creation to a close. This raises the question of how evening and morning are possible in the absence of the yet-to-be-created Sun.
Augustine of Hippo, in his City of God, writes "our ordinary days have no evening but by the setting, and no morning but by the rising, of the sun; but the first three days of all were passed without sun, since it is reported to have been made on the fourth day." He explains the dilemma by interpreting the evening and morning in a metaphorical sense.
Length of day debate
Franz Delitzsch sees the evening and morning as marking the end of a "day" which is aeons in length, while others have seen it as marking a literal 24-hour day. Theistic evolution and day-age creationism follow the first interpretation, while young Earth creationism follows the second. Still others give a literary interpretation, in which the process of Creation is described in human terms, using the analogy of the working week.
Start of day interpretation
In Jewish tradition, the fact that evening is listed first here has led to the idea that the day begins at sunset.
Text
References
Genesis 1:5
Bereshit (parashah)
Hebrew Bible verses
Light and religion |
Ropica forticornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1942.
References
forticornis
Beetles described in 1942 |
Emil Draitser (born 1937) is an author and professor of Russian at Hunter College in New York City. Besides seventeen books of artistic and scholarly prose, his essays and short stories have been published in the Los Angeles Times, Partisan Review, Kenyon Review, San Francisco Chronicle, World Literature Today, and many other American and Canadian periodicals. His fiction has also appeared in Russian, Polish, and Israeli journals. A three-time recipient of the New Jersey State Council on the Arts fellowships in writing and the prestigious Mark Aldanov International Literary Award, he has also received numerous grants for writing both fiction and non-fiction from the City University of New York. Draitser has given numerous public lectures and book talks at universities and cultural centers in the United States, Canada, the UK, Israel, Australia, New Zealand, and Russia.
Early life
Draitser grew up in a Jewish family in the Soviet Union in the post-World War II years, in the anti-Semitic atmosphere of late Stalinism, at a time when Jews were forced to be silent about their religion and often tried to change their Jewish names. It was an oppressive childhood filled with suspicion and mistrust. As a young student, Draitser excelled at literature and decided that he wanted to be a journalist, despite his mother's preference that he study engineering. At that time, Jews attempting to enter the humanities encountered resistance, as the Soviet system saw those areas as politically vulnerable and felt that Jews entering them would try to subvert the system. Despite this, Draitser earned degrees first in engineering, and later in journalism.
Career
Draitser has published both fiction and nonfiction since 1965. His work has appeared in leading Russian journals (including Youth, Literary Gazette, and Crocodile) under his pen name 'Emil Abramov'. He began his writing career as a freelancer contributing satirical articles to Soviet newspapers and magazines, though he had to be careful about what he wrote. For example, while he could criticize a particular factory for the poor workmanship of goods it produced, he could not criticize the economic system as a whole, although it became increasingly clear to him that the lack of competition that would inspire innovation combined with the Soviet mandate to guarantee work for all employees, regardless of their work ethic, made it impossible to produce quality products. Eventually, Draitser wrote an article critical of an important official which led to him being blacklisted, and prompted him to leave for the United States.
In 1975, he settled in Los Angeles, where he earned a Ph.D. in Russian literature from the University of California, Los Angeles. In 1986, he accepted a position at Hunter College in New York City, where he continued to teach. His first book published in the United States, Forbidden Laughter (1980) brought him national attention. Feature articles on him and his book appeared in The New York Times, Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times. He has appeared on NBC News with Tom Brokaw, the Merv Griffin Show, and National Public Radio.
Draitser's research and writing have been supported by grants from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture, the Social Science Foundation, and numerous grants from the City University of New York. He has been awarded residencies at the Vermont Arts Studios, Byrdcliffe Woodstock Art Colony, Renaissance House, and Banff Center for the Arts (Canada). Since spring 2009, he has been working on a sequel to his memoir Shush!, which covers his adulthood and move to the United States.
Books
Forbidden Laughter: Soviet Underground Jokes (ed. & compl.)
(Los Angeles: Almanac Press, 1978, 1980)
A compilation of Soviet-era political humor in Russian with English translation.
Peshchera neozhidannostei (The Fun House)
(New York: Possev-USA, 1984)
A short story collection in Russian. Introduction by Vassily Aksyonov.
Techniques of Satire: The Case of Saltykov-Shchedrin.
(New York-Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1994) .
A study of comic devices used by satirists in general and the great 19th-century satirist in particular.
Poterialsia mal'chik (The Lost Boy)
(Moscow: Moskovskii rabochii, 1993)
A short story collection in Russian. Introduction by Lev Anninsky.
Taking Penguins to the Movies: Ethnic Humor in Russia
(Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1999)
A sociological study that sheds light on Russian popular culture and ethnic humor in other countries.
Russkie poety XIX veka (Russian Poets of the Nineteenth Century) (ed. & compl.)
(Tenafly, NJ: Hermitage Publishers, 1999)
Russkie poety XX veka (Russian Poets of the Twentieth Century) (ed. & compl.)
(Tenafly, NJ: Hermitage Publishers, 2000)
Making War, Not Love: Gender and Sexuality in Russian Humor.
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000)
A sociological study that sheds light on Russian popular culture and the nature of sexual humor everywhere.
The Supervisor of the Sea and Other Stories
(Riverside, CA: Xenos Books, 2003)
e-book edition, 2011; ASIN B004VWX6NG
A short story collection in English
Kto ty takoi: Odessa Memoir 1945-53
(in Russian) (Baltimore: Seagull Press, 2003)
Wesele w Brighton Beach i inne opowidania
(in Polish) (Warsaw: Biblioteka Midrasza, 2008)
Shush! Growing up Jewish under Stalin: A Memoir
(Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2008)
Stalin's Romeo Spy: The Remarkable Rise and Fall of the KGB's Most Daring Operative
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2010)
Agent Dmitri: The Secret History of Russia's Most Daring Spy
(London, UK: Duckworth Publishers, 2012)
Na kudykinu goru (From Here to Wherever)
(Baltimore, MD: Seagull Press, 2012)
A novel on Jewish emigration from Russia.
Szpieg Stalina (Stalin's Spy)
(Warsaw, Poland: AMF Plus Group, 2014)
A Polish edition of Stalin's Romeo Spy
Farewell, Mama Odessa: A Novel
(Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2020)
In the Jaws of the Crocodile: A Soviet Memoir
(Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2021)
Selected essays and short fiction
"Oh My God, My Name's Not on Any of Those Lists," Los Angeles Times, 1976.
"He Recalls the Soviet System and Goes Buggy," Los Angeles Times, 1977.
"Let's See... a Socko Ending to This Disease Might Be...", Los Angeles Times, 1980.
"Would You Buy a Used Soul From This Man,” Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 1983.
"He Won't Make It," Studies in Contemporary Satire, Summer 1987.
"The Supervisor of the Sea," Midstream, October 1988.
"My First Ticket," The New Press Literary Quarterly, Summer/Fall 1995.
"Clown," Confrontation, Fall 1997 (Awarded New Jersey State Council on the Arts Fellowship).
"American Gospozha,” American Writing, 1998
”Dvorkin”, International Quarterly, Fall 1999.
"Zugzwang" The Kenyon Review, Summer/Fall 1999.
“Wedding in Brighton Beach” in Intersections: Fiction and Poetry from The Banff Centre for the Arts, 2000.
“The Dark Copy,” Prism International (Canada) (Fall 2000).
“Clouds,” The Literary Review, Spring 2001.
“Faithful Masha” Partisan Review, Summer 2001 (Awarded New Jersey State Council on the Arts Fellowship) ()
“Directions” The New Renaissance, Fall 2001.
“No Kin, No Kith,” Partisan Review, January 2003.
“The Death of Stalin,” Michigan Review Quarterly, Spring 2003 (selected as "Notable" in the Best American Essays of the year)
“On the Commissars, Cosmopolites, and the Inventors of Electric Bulbs,” The North American Review, Nov-Dec 2004.
"How to Get Exiled without Even Trying,"Jewish Literary Journal], January 2017
References
External links
Website of Stalin's Romeo Spy
Website of Shush!Growing up Jewish under Stalin: A Memoir
University of California Press book page for Shush!
UC Press Shush-related blog
Interview with CUNY TV Cinematique
Hunter College faculty
People from West New York, New Jersey
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Russian male writers
American male writers
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Living people
1937 births |
Ivoti is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Porto Alegre metropolitan area. The population is 24,690 (2020 est.) in an area of 63.15 km2.
History
Originally occupied by indigenous people since 12,000 years ago (known as the Umbu Tradition), the area started to be explored by bandeirantes in the 18th century and later was used as a rout to transport cattle. The first Europeans to settle in the area were German immigrants that arrived in the Sinos River Valley in 1824, coming from the Rhine region in southwestern Germany.
The area encompassing Ivoti was originally known as Berghahnerschneiss (Bergahner's aisle) because members of the German family Berghahner were the first to settle in the area. After the provincial law number 635 from 4 November 1867, the area was officially named Bom Jardim (Portuguese for Good Garden) and constituted the third discritct of São Leopoldo.
The name Bom Jardim, chosen because the land was favourable for cultivating flowers, was changed by the law number 7.199 from 31 May 1938 to Ivoti, from Tupi-Guarani yvoty, meaning flower. For that reason, the city is currently nicknamed Cidade das Flores (Portuguese for City of the Flowers).
Ivoti received emancipation from São Leopoldo on 19 October 1964 when Governor Ildo Meneghetti signed the law number 4.798, creating the municipality of Ivoti.
On 20 March 1992, Ivoti lost part of its area after the emancipation of two of its districts, which became the municipalities of Lindolfo Collor and Presidente Lucena.
Mayors
Since its emancipation, Ivoti had the following mayors:
1965 – 1969: Neldo Holler
1969 – 1973: Egon Schneck
1973 – 1977: Neldo Holler
1977 – 1982: Flávio Klein
1983 – 1988: Arno Henrique Mueller
1989 – 1992: Arnaldo Kney
1993 – 1996: Paulo Gaspar Buchmann
1997 – 2000: Arnaldo Kney
2001 – 2004: Arnaldo Kney
2004 – 2008: Maria de Lourdes Bauermann
2009 – 2012: Maria de Lourdes Bauermann
2013 – 2016: Arnaldo Kney
2017 – 2020: Martin Cesar Kalkmann
2021 – 2024: Martin Cesar Kalkmann
See also
List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul
References
Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul |
```shell
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Tags: zookeeper
CURDIR=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)
# shellcheck source=../shell_config.sh
. "$CURDIR"/../shell_config.sh
# The test cases in this file cover DDLs running on both Replicated database engine and non-Replicated database engine.
# Since the processing flow is a little bit different from each other, in order to share same reference file,
# we compare the expected result and actual result by ourselves. See check_span method below for more detail.
# This function takes following arguments:
# $1 - OpenTelemetry Trace Id
# $2 - Query
# $3 - Query Settings
function execute_query()
{
local trace_id=$1 && shift
local ddl_version=$1 && shift
local opts=(
--opentelemetry-traceparent "00-$trace_id-5150000000000515-01"
--opentelemetry-tracestate $'a\nb cd'
--distributed_ddl_output_mode "none"
--distributed_ddl_entry_format_version "$ddl_version"
)
${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} "${opts[@]}" "$@"
}
# This function takes following argument:
# $1 - expected
# $2 - OpenTelemetry Trace Id
# $3 - operation_name pattern
# $4 - extra condition
function check_span()
{
if [ -n "$4" ]; then
extra_condition=" AND ${4}"
else
extra_condition=""
fi
ret=$(${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} -nq "
SYSTEM FLUSH LOGS;
SELECT count()
FROM system.opentelemetry_span_log
WHERE finish_date >= yesterday()
AND lower(hex(trace_id)) = '${2}'
AND operation_name like '${3}'
${extra_condition};")
if [ $ret = $1 ]; then
echo 1
else
echo "[operation_name like '${3}' ${extra_condition}]=$ret, expected: ${1}"
# echo the span logs to help analyze
${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} -q "
SELECT operation_name, attribute
FROM system.opentelemetry_span_log
WHERE finish_date >= yesterday()
AND lower(hex(trace_id)) ='${2}'
ORDER BY start_time_us
Format PrettyCompact
"
fi
}
#
# Set up
#
${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} -q "
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${CLICKHOUSE_DATABASE}.ddl_test_for_opentelemetry;
"
# Support Replicated database engine
cluster_name=$($CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT -q "select if(engine = 'Replicated', name, 'test_shard_localhost') from system.databases where name='$CLICKHOUSE_DATABASE'")
#
# Only format_version 4 enables the tracing
#
for ddl_version in 3 4; do
# Echo a separator so that the reference file is more clear for reading
echo "===ddl_format_version ${ddl_version}===="
trace_id=$(${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} -q "select lower(hex(generateUUIDv4()))");
execute_query $trace_id $ddl_version -q "CREATE TABLE ${CLICKHOUSE_DATABASE}.ddl_test_for_opentelemetry ON CLUSTER ${cluster_name} (id UInt64) Engine=MergeTree ORDER BY id"
check_span 1 $trace_id "TCPHandler"
if [ $cluster_name = "test_shard_localhost" ]; then
check_span 1 $trace_id "%executeDDLQueryOnCluster%" "attribute['clickhouse.cluster']='${cluster_name}'"
else
check_span 1 $trace_id "%tryEnqueueAndExecuteEntry%" "attribute['clickhouse.cluster']='${cluster_name}'"
fi
if [ $cluster_name = "test_shard_localhost" ]; then
# The tracing is only enabled when entry format version is 4
if [ $ddl_version = "4" ]; then
expected=1
else
expected=0
fi
else
# For Replicated database engine, the tracing is always enabled because it calls DDLWorker::processTask directly
expected=1
fi
check_span $expected $trace_id "%DDLWorker::processTask%"
# For queries that tracing are enabled(format version is 4 or Replicated database engine), there should be two 'query' spans,
# one is for the TCPHandler, the other is for the DDL executing in DDLWorker.
#
# For other format, there should be only one 'query' span
if [ $cluster_name = "test_shard_localhost" ]; then
if [ $ddl_version = "4" ]; then
expected=2
else
expected=1
fi
else
expected=2
fi
check_span $expected $trace_id "query"
# Remove table
# Under Replicated database engine, the DDL is executed as ON CLUSTER DDL, so distributed_ddl_output_mode is needed to supress output
${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} --distributed_ddl_output_mode none -q "
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${CLICKHOUSE_DATABASE}.ddl_test_for_opentelemetry;
"
done
#
# an exceptional case, DROP a non-exist table
#
# Echo a separator so that the reference file is more clear for reading
echo "===exception===="
trace_id=$(${CLICKHOUSE_CLIENT} -q "select lower(hex(generateUUIDv4()))");
execute_query $trace_id 4 -q "DROP TABLE ${CLICKHOUSE_DATABASE}.ddl_test_for_opentelemetry_non_exist ON CLUSTER ${cluster_name}" 2>&1 | grep 'DB::Exception ' | grep -Fv "UNKNOWN_TABLE"
check_span 1 $trace_id "TCPHandler"
if [ $cluster_name = "test_shard_localhost" ]; then
expected=1
else
# For Replicated database it will fail on initiator before enqueueing distributed DDL
expected=0
fi
check_span $expected $trace_id "%executeDDLQueryOnCluster%" "attribute['clickhouse.cluster']='${cluster_name}' AND kind = 'PRODUCER'"
check_span $expected $trace_id "%DDLWorker::processTask%" "kind = 'CONSUMER'"
if [ $cluster_name = "test_shard_localhost" ]; then
# There should be two 'query' spans, one is for the TCPHandler, the other is for the DDL executing in DDLWorker.
# Both of these two spans contain exception
expected=2
else
# For Replicated database, there should only one query span
expected=1
fi
# We don't case about the exact value of exception_code, just check it's there.
check_span $expected $trace_id "query" "attribute['clickhouse.exception_code']<>''"
``` |
Grand'Anse Praslin is an administrative district of Seychelles located mostly on the island of Praslin, but also administers Cousin Island, Cousine Island, Booby Island, and Aride Island.
References
Districts of Seychelles
Praslin, Seychelles |
```javascript
const { errors } = require('arsenal');
const vault = require('../../../auth/vault');
function checkExpectedBucketOwner(headers, bucket, log, cb) {
const expectedOwner = headers['x-amz-expected-bucket-owner'];
if (expectedOwner === undefined) {
return cb();
}
const bucketOwner = bucket.getOwner();
return vault.getAccountIds([bucketOwner], log, (error, res) => {
if (error) {
log.error('error fetch accountId from vault', {
method: 'checkExpectedBucketOwner',
error,
});
}
if (error || res[bucketOwner] !== expectedOwner) {
return cb(errors.AccessDenied);
}
return cb();
});
}
module.exports = {
checkExpectedBucketOwner,
};
``` |
```objective-c
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
* * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef WebContentSecurityPolicy_h
#define WebContentSecurityPolicy_h
namespace blink {
enum WebContentSecurityPolicyType {
WebContentSecurityPolicyTypeReport,
WebContentSecurityPolicyTypeEnforce,
WebContentSecurityPolicyTypeLast = WebContentSecurityPolicyTypeEnforce
};
} // namespace blink
#endif
``` |
The 2015 French F4 Championship season is the 23rd season of the series for 1600cc Formula Renault machinery, and the fifth season to run under the guise of the French F4 Championship. The series will begin on 19 April at Lédenon and ends on 25 October at Le Castellet, after seven rounds and twenty-one races.
Driver lineup
Race calendar and results
A seven-round calendar was published on 4 December 2014. The championship will drop Val de Vienne, Nogaro and Jerez events, while Lédenon, Hungaroring and Navarra will take their place in the series' schedule.
Championship standings
Points system
Points were awarded as follows:
French F4 Championship
The third race at Lédenon was red-flagged after less than half of the distance had been completed due to torrential rain. As a result, series organisers awarded half points to each of the classified finishers eligible to score points.
† — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 75% of the race distance.
International F4 Championship
Junior F4 Championship
Notes
References
External links
The official website of the French F4 Championship
F4 Championship
French F4 |
```c++
/*Segment tree or segtree is a basically a binary tree used for storing the intervals or segments. Each node in the segment tree represents an interval.
Consider an array A of size N and a corresponding segtree T:
The root of T will represent the whole array A[0:N-1].
Each leaf in the segtree T will represent a single element A[i] such that 0 <= i < N.
The internal nodes in the segtree tree T represent union of elementary intervals A[i:j] where 0 <= i < j < N.*/
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
#define MAX 100
int tree[MAX] = {0};
int lazy[MAX] = {0};
//Updating the tree by incrementing elements within range [l, r] with value val
int update(int node, int start, int end, int l, int r, int val);
//Function to find sum and maximum value in the array within the query [l,r]
int func(int start, int end, int l, int r, int node, int choice);
//Constructing tree
void construct(int arr[], int start, int end, int node);
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
int node = 0;
int start = 0;
//Constructing the tree
construct(arr, start, n - 1, node);
// Updating the value in the array from index 0 to index 3 by adding value 4 in it.
update(node, start, n - 1, 0, 3, 4);
//After updating the array becomes [5,6,7,8,5]
cout << "1.Sum\n";
cout << "2.Maximum\n";
cout << "3.Quit";
int choice;
do
{
cout << "\nEnter your choice: ";
cin >> choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1: // To get the sum of updated array from index 1 to index 4
// Sum of updated array [5,6,7,8,5]
cout << "\nUpdated sum of value in given range = " << func(start, n-1, 1, 4,node,choice);
break;
case 2: // To get the maximum value in updated array from index 1 to index 4
// Maximum value of the updated array
cout << "\nUpdated maximum value in given range = " << func(start, n-1, 1, 4,node,choice);
break;
case 3: cout << "Exit \n";
break;
}
} while(choice != 3);
return 0;
}
// A recursive function that constructs Segment Tree for
// array[start..end].
void construct(int arr[], int start, int end, int node)
{
// out of range as start can never be greater than end
if (start > end)
return ;
// If there is one element in array, store it in
// current node of segment tree and return
if (start == end)
{
tree[node] = arr[start];
return;
}
// If there are more than one elements, then
// left and right subtrees and store the sum
// of values in this node
int mid = (start + end) / 2;
construct(arr, start, mid, node * 2 + 1);
construct(arr, mid + 1, end, node * 2 + 2);
tree[node] = tree[node * 2 + 1] + tree[node * 2 + 2];
}
//Function to find sum and maximum value in the array within the query [l, r]
int func(int start, int end, int l, int r, int node, int choice)
{
if (lazy[node] != 0)
{
// Make pending updates to this node.
tree[node] += (end - start + 1) * lazy[node];
if (start != end)
{
// Mark child as lazy
lazy[node * 2 + 1] += lazy[node];
// Mark child as lazy
lazy[node * 2 + 2] += lazy[node];
}
// Reset it
lazy[node] = 0;
}
// Current segment is not within range [l, r]
if (start > end || start > r || end < l)
return 0;
// Current segment is totally within range [l, r]
if (start >= l && end <= r)
return tree[node];
int mid = (start + end) / 2;
//To find sum
if (choice == 1)
return func(start, mid, l, r, 2*node+1, choice) + func(mid+1, end, l, r, 2*node+2, choice);
//To find max value
if (choice == 2)
return max(func(start, mid, l, r, 2*node+1, choice),func(mid+1, end, l, r, 2*node+2, choice));
}
int update(int node, int start, int end, int l, int r, int val)
{
if (lazy[node] != 0)
{
// This node needs to be updated
// Update it
tree[node] += (end - start + 1) * lazy[node];
if (start != end)
{
lazy[node * 2 + 1] += lazy[node];
lazy[node * 2 + 2] += lazy[node];
}
lazy[node] = 0;
}
// out of range
if (start > end || start > r || end < l)
return 0;
/ Current segment is totally within range [l, r]
if (start >= l && end <= r)
{
tree[node] += (end - start + 1)*val;
if (start != end)
{
// Not leaf node
lazy[node * 2 + 1] += val;
lazy[node * 2 + 2] += val;
}
return 0;
}
// If not a leaf node, recur for children.
int mid = (start + end) / 2;
// Updating left child
update(node * 2 + 1, start, mid, l, r, val);
// Updating right child
update(node * 2 + 2, mid + 1, end, l, r, val);
// Use the result of children calls to update this node
tree[node] = tree[node * 2 + 1] + tree[node * 2 + 2];
}
/*
1.Sum
2.Maximum
3.Quit
Enter your choice: 1
Updated sum of value in given range = 26
Enter your choice: 2
Updated maximum value in given range = 8
*/
``` |
```java
/*
* one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed
* with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*/
package io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.timer;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.bpmn.behavior.BpmnBehaviors;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.common.CatchEventBehavior;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.common.EventHandle;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.common.ExpressionProcessor;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.common.Failure;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.deployment.model.element.ExecutableCatchEvent;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.streamprocessor.TypedRecordProcessor;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.streamprocessor.writers.StateWriter;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.streamprocessor.writers.TypedRejectionWriter;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.processing.streamprocessor.writers.Writers;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.state.immutable.ElementInstanceState;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.state.immutable.ProcessState;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.state.mutable.MutableProcessingState;
import io.camunda.zeebe.engine.state.mutable.MutableTimerInstanceState;
import io.camunda.zeebe.model.bpmn.util.time.Interval;
import io.camunda.zeebe.model.bpmn.util.time.RepeatingInterval;
import io.camunda.zeebe.model.bpmn.util.time.Timer;
import io.camunda.zeebe.protocol.impl.record.value.timer.TimerRecord;
import io.camunda.zeebe.protocol.record.RejectionType;
import io.camunda.zeebe.protocol.record.intent.TimerIntent;
import io.camunda.zeebe.stream.api.records.TypedRecord;
import io.camunda.zeebe.stream.api.state.KeyGenerator;
import io.camunda.zeebe.util.Either;
import io.camunda.zeebe.util.buffer.BufferUtil;
import java.time.Instant;
import org.agrona.DirectBuffer;
import org.agrona.concurrent.UnsafeBuffer;
public final class TimerTriggerProcessor implements TypedRecordProcessor<TimerRecord> {
private static final String NO_TIMER_FOUND_MESSAGE =
"Expected to trigger timer with key '%d', but no such timer was found";
private static final String NO_ACTIVE_TIMER_MESSAGE =
"Expected to trigger a timer with key '%d', but the timer is not active anymore";
private static final DirectBuffer NO_VARIABLES = new UnsafeBuffer();
private final CatchEventBehavior catchEventBehavior;
private final ProcessState processState;
private final ElementInstanceState elementInstanceState;
private final MutableTimerInstanceState timerInstanceState;
private final ExpressionProcessor expressionProcessor;
private final KeyGenerator keyGenerator;
private final StateWriter stateWriter;
private final TypedRejectionWriter rejectionWriter;
private final EventHandle eventHandle;
public TimerTriggerProcessor(
final MutableProcessingState processingState,
final BpmnBehaviors bpmnBehaviors,
final Writers writers) {
catchEventBehavior = bpmnBehaviors.catchEventBehavior();
expressionProcessor = bpmnBehaviors.expressionBehavior();
stateWriter = writers.state();
rejectionWriter = writers.rejection();
processState = processingState.getProcessState();
elementInstanceState = processingState.getElementInstanceState();
timerInstanceState = processingState.getTimerState();
keyGenerator = processingState.getKeyGenerator();
eventHandle =
new EventHandle(
keyGenerator,
processingState.getEventScopeInstanceState(),
writers,
processState,
bpmnBehaviors.eventTriggerBehavior(),
bpmnBehaviors.stateBehavior());
}
@Override
public void processRecord(final TypedRecord<TimerRecord> record) {
final var timer = record.getValue();
final var elementInstanceKey = timer.getElementInstanceKey();
final var processDefinitionKey = timer.getProcessDefinitionKey();
final var timerInstance = timerInstanceState.get(elementInstanceKey, record.getKey());
if (timerInstance == null) {
rejectionWriter.appendRejection(
record, RejectionType.NOT_FOUND, String.format(NO_TIMER_FOUND_MESSAGE, record.getKey()));
return;
}
final var catchEvent =
processState.getFlowElement(
processDefinitionKey,
timer.getTenantId(),
timer.getTargetElementIdBuffer(),
ExecutableCatchEvent.class);
if (isStartEvent(elementInstanceKey)) {
final long processInstanceKey = keyGenerator.nextKey();
timer.setProcessInstanceKey(processInstanceKey);
stateWriter.appendFollowUpEvent(record.getKey(), TimerIntent.TRIGGERED, timer);
eventHandle.activateProcessInstanceForStartEvent(
processDefinitionKey,
processInstanceKey,
timer.getTargetElementIdBuffer(),
NO_VARIABLES,
timer.getTenantId());
} else {
final var elementInstance = elementInstanceState.getInstance(elementInstanceKey);
if (!eventHandle.canTriggerElement(elementInstance, timer.getTargetElementIdBuffer())) {
rejectNoActiveTimer(record);
return;
}
stateWriter.appendFollowUpEvent(record.getKey(), TimerIntent.TRIGGERED, timer);
eventHandle.activateElement(catchEvent, elementInstanceKey, elementInstance.getValue());
}
if (shouldReschedule(timer)) {
rescheduleTimer(timer, catchEvent);
}
}
private void rejectNoActiveTimer(final TypedRecord<TimerRecord> record) {
rejectionWriter.appendRejection(
record,
RejectionType.INVALID_STATE,
String.format(NO_ACTIVE_TIMER_MESSAGE, record.getKey()));
}
private boolean isStartEvent(final long elementInstanceKey) {
return elementInstanceKey < 0;
}
private boolean shouldReschedule(final TimerRecord timer) {
return timer.getRepetitions() == RepeatingInterval.INFINITE || timer.getRepetitions() > 1;
}
private void rescheduleTimer(final TimerRecord record, final ExecutableCatchEvent event) {
final Either<Failure, Timer> timer =
event.getTimerFactory().apply(expressionProcessor, record.getElementInstanceKey());
if (timer.isLeft()) {
final String message =
String.format(
"Expected to reschedule repeating timer for element with id '%s', but an error occurred: %s",
BufferUtil.bufferAsString(event.getId()), timer.getLeft().getMessage());
throw new IllegalStateException(message);
// todo(#4208): raise incident instead of throwing an exception
}
final Timer refreshedTimer = refreshTimer(timer.get(), record);
catchEventBehavior.subscribeToTimerEvent(
record.getElementInstanceKey(),
record.getProcessInstanceKey(),
record.getProcessDefinitionKey(),
event.getId(),
record.getTenantId(),
refreshedTimer);
}
private Timer refreshTimer(final Timer timer, final TimerRecord record) {
if (timer instanceof CronTimer) {
return timer;
}
int repetitions = record.getRepetitions();
if (repetitions != RepeatingInterval.INFINITE) {
repetitions--;
}
// Use the timer's last due date instead of the current time to avoid a time shift.
final Interval refreshedInterval =
timer.getInterval().withStart(Instant.ofEpochMilli(record.getDueDate()));
return new RepeatingInterval(repetitions, refreshedInterval);
}
}
``` |
```go
//
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package project
import (
"github.com/goharbor/harbor/src/common"
"github.com/goharbor/harbor/src/common/rbac"
"github.com/goharbor/harbor/src/pkg/permission/types"
)
var (
rolePoliciesMap = map[string][]*types.Policy{
"projectAdmin": {
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSelf, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSelf, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSelf, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMetadata, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMetadata, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMetadata, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMetadata, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLog, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceQuota, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPull},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPush},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionOperate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceConfiguration, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceConfiguration, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceNotificationPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceNotificationPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceNotificationPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceNotificationPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceNotificationPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionStop},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionStop},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScanner, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScanner, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactAddition, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceAccessory, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactLabel, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactLabel, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourcePreatPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourcePreatPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourcePreatPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourcePreatPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourcePreatPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionList},
},
"maintainer": {
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSelf, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMetadata, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLog, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceQuota, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPush},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPull},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionOperate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceAccessory, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceImmutableTag, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceConfiguration, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceNotificationPolicy, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionStop},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionStop},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScanner, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactAddition, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactLabel, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactLabel, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionList},
},
"developer": {
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSelf, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLog, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceQuota, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPush},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPull},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionUpdate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTagRetention, Action: rbac.ActionOperate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceConfiguration, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScanner, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactAddition, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceAccessory, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactLabel, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactLabel, Action: rbac.ActionDelete},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionCreate},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceExportCVE, Action: rbac.ActionList},
},
"guest": {
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSelf, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceMember, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLog, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceLabel, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceQuota, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPull},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceConfiguration, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRobot, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScanner, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceAccessory, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactAddition, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
},
"limitedGuest": {
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSelf, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceQuota, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceRepository, Action: rbac.ActionPull},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceConfiguration, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScan, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceSBOM, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceScanner, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceTag, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceAccessory, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifact, Action: rbac.ActionList},
{Resource: rbac.ResourceArtifactAddition, Action: rbac.ActionRead},
},
}
)
// projectRBACRole implement the RBACRole interface
type projectRBACRole struct {
projectID int64
roleID int
}
// GetRoleName returns role name for the visitor role
func (role *projectRBACRole) GetRoleName() string {
switch role.roleID {
case common.RoleProjectAdmin:
return "projectAdmin"
case common.RoleMaintainer:
return "maintainer"
case common.RoleDeveloper:
return "developer"
case common.RoleGuest:
return "guest"
case common.RoleLimitedGuest:
return "limitedGuest"
default:
return ""
}
}
// GetPolicies returns policies for the visitor role
func (role *projectRBACRole) GetPolicies() []*types.Policy {
policies := []*types.Policy{}
roleName := role.GetRoleName()
if roleName == "" {
return policies
}
namespace := NewNamespace(role.projectID)
for _, policy := range rolePoliciesMap[roleName] {
policies = append(policies, &types.Policy{
Resource: namespace.Resource(policy.Resource),
Action: policy.Action,
Effect: policy.Effect,
})
}
return policies
}
``` |
The Government Internal Audit Agency (GIAA) is an executive agency of the government of the United Kingdom, sponsored by HM Treasury. It was established in April 2015, following the earlier publication of the Treasury's 2013 Financial Management Review.
The Government Internal Audit Agency is intended to help government departments to manage public money effectively by developing better governance, risk management and internal controls. the GIAA employed around 450 people in 65 locations across the UK. Its customers include 14 government departments and over 100 associated government bodies.
References
External links
Executive agencies of the United Kingdom government
2015 establishments
Auditing in the United Kingdom
HM Treasury |
Samuel Alexander Moran (born 4 April 1978) is an Australian entertainer best known for having been a member of the children's band the Wiggles from 2006 to 2012.
Early life
Moran was born on April 4, 1978 in Sydney, New South Wales and raised in Wagga Wagga.
Career
Moran studied classical voice and music education at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music with the purpose of becoming a high school music teacher, and began performing in plays and musicals while still a student.
The Wiggles
Moran's involvement with the Wiggles began when he appeared in "Haste to the Wedding" and "Evie and the Birdman", both written by John Field, Anthony Field's brother and songwriter for the Wiggles. Moran began performing with the Wiggles in 1998, hosting and touring with the "Dorothy the Dinosaur Show" throughout Australia and New Zealand, in small venues the Wiggles "had grown too big for". He played Professor Singalottasonga and Dapper Dave in the group's TV series. In 2002, Moran became Greg Page's understudy and filled in for Page over 150 times. Page was advised by his doctors not to travel, so Moran performed in his place during the group's fall 2006 US tour. Moran reported that he was asked to permanently join the Wiggles "a couple of days" before Page announced his retirement in November 2006. Moran's shtick on stage was losing things.
Although the transition from Page to Moran as the group's lead singer, which Moran has called "probably one of the most physically demanding roles in mainstream entertainment," was "smooth" for the young children of the Wiggles' audience, it was more difficult for their parents. Bandmate Murray Cook reported that Moran did "amazingly well" as a Wiggle, and that the addition of Moran changed their sound, forced the group to "rethink things", and made the band stronger. Although Moran struggled with the spontaneity of the Wiggles' stage performances, Cook said, "We've never felt like we had to carry him or anything. He's a smart guy. But it is a bit different, just having a different person on stage." Moran's background in musical theatre was different from those of his bandmates, so the Wiggles had to change the way they recorded their music. At sound checks, their practice was to "kind of jam on things", but Moran often did not know the songs the other three used at those times. Cook reported that it took some time for Moran, but a year after Page's retirement stated, "We're slowly educating each other".
Along with the original members of the Wiggles, Moran was awarded an Honorary PhD in Children's Education and Psychology from Macquarie University in 2009.
In 2011, Sam Moran and the original Wiggles were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame for the band's "20 year commitment to children's music and entertainment."
During Moran's time as the lead singer of the Wiggles, the group never lost an ARIA Award.
In January 2012, and amidst a great deal of controversy, the Wiggles announced that Greg Page had regained his health and was returning to his role as the Yellow Wiggle. As part of his severance package, he was given unconditional use of Hot Potato Studios, plus royalties for any of his songs.
Solo projects
Moran released his first solo album, Colour of Love, through Sony Music Australia in 2010. The album consists of covers of well known love songs, including a duet of the Beach Boys' "God Only Knows" with Australian jazz vocalist Emma Pask.
Colour of Love
Track list
You Make Loving Fun
Unchained Melody
Wonderful Tonight
Fire and Rain
God Only Knows (with Emma Pask)
More Than Words
Wonderful World
Sara Smile
Hello
The Scientist
Baby, Now That I've Found You
She's Got a Way
Moran performed "Advance Australia Fair" at the first game of the 2010 NRL State of Origin.
Play Along with Sam
In May 2013, Moran returned to children's television hosting a new preschool series, Play Along with Sam, on Nickelodeon's sister channel Nick Jr. Play Along with Sam is an educational music block programme that airs every weekday morning 10:00AM until midday before Ready, Steady, Dance replaced it and also in the evening from 6:30PM to 8:00PM, wrapped around top rating programmes.
Its companion album was nominated for an ARIA Music Award for Best Children's Album in 2013. The show also received an ASTRA Awards nomination for Most Outstanding Children's Program or Event, while Moran was nominated for Best New Talent. The show was also nominated for the TV Week Logie Award for Outstanding Children's Program.
In 2015, Moran won the ARIA Music Award for Best Children's Album, beating his former bandmates, the Wiggles. In his acceptance speech he said "...I've often wondered what I might say, were I ever fortunate enough to be in this position. Standing here now... with this... I realise I no longer need to say those things..." alluding to his unceremonious re-replacement in his former group.
In 2018, GQ Australia included Sam Moran on their list of the Best-dressed Gents at the 32nd ARIA Awards. Moran was nominated for Best Children's Album that year.
Personal life
Before he became a professional singer and performer, due to his "love of gadgets", Moran seriously considered going into information technology as a career. He is a fan of the Australian Football League team the Sydney Swans. He is also "a keen cook". He married American born Lyn Stuckey, a dancer with the Wiggles in 2006. They met when appearing together on the "Dorothy the Dinosaur Show", when Stuckey played Dorothy the Dinosaur. Their daughter was born at the beginning of 2010 in Sydney.
In 2020, he announced on his official social media pages that he was expecting his second child with new partner, Jessica Vergara, later in the year. The child was born on October 30, 2020.
Discography
Studio albums
Colour of Love (2010)
Play Along with Sam (2013)
We're Gonna Dance! (2014)
BOO! (2015)
Best. Day. Ever! (2016)
Santa's Coming! (2017)
All The Feels (2023)
Filmography
Play Along with Sam (2013–2021) – Host
Awards and nominations
|-
| 2007
| Pop Go the Wiggles!
|rowspan="5" | ARIA Awards: Best Children's Album
|rowspan="6"
|-
| 2008
| You Make Me Feel Like Dancing
|-
| 2009
| Go Bananas!
|-
| 2010
| Let's Eat
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2011
| Ukulele Baby!
|-
| "The Wiggles"
| ARIA Awards: ARIA Hall of Fame
|-
| 2013
| Play Along with Sam
| ARIA Awards: Best Children's Album
|
|-
|rowspan="3" | 2014
| Sam Moran
| ASTRA Award: Best New Talent
|
|-
| Play Along with Sam
| TV Week Logie Award: Outstanding Children's Program
|
|-
| We're Gonna Dance
|rowspan="2" | ARIA Awards: Best Children's Album
|
|-
| 2015
| BOO!
|
|-
|rowspan="2" | 2016
| Play Along with Sam
| TV Week Logie Award: Most Outstanding Children's Program
|
|-
| BEST. DAY. EVER!
|rowspan="2" | ARIA Awards: Best Children's Album
|rowspan="2"
|-
| 2018
| Santa's Coming!
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
Australian male television actors
Australian male singers
Australian male dancers
Australian children's musicians
Musicians from Sydney
People from Wagga Wagga
Sydney Conservatorium of Music alumni
The Wiggles members
Australian children's television series
2013 Australian television series debuts |
```objective-c
//===-- ScriptedThread.h ----------------------------------------*- C++ -*-===//
//
// See path_to_url for license information.
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#ifndef LLDB_SOURCE_PLUGINS_SCRIPTED_THREAD_H
#define LLDB_SOURCE_PLUGINS_SCRIPTED_THREAD_H
#include <string>
#include "ScriptedProcess.h"
#include "Plugins/Process/Utility/RegisterContextMemory.h"
#include "lldb/Interpreter/ScriptInterpreter.h"
#include "lldb/Target//DynamicRegisterInfo.h"
#include "lldb/Target/Thread.h"
namespace lldb_private {
class ScriptedProcess;
}
namespace lldb_private {
class ScriptedThread : public lldb_private::Thread {
public:
ScriptedThread(ScriptedProcess &process,
lldb::ScriptedThreadInterfaceSP interface_sp, lldb::tid_t tid,
StructuredData::GenericSP script_object_sp = nullptr);
~ScriptedThread() override;
static llvm::Expected<std::shared_ptr<ScriptedThread>>
Create(ScriptedProcess &process,
StructuredData::Generic *script_object = nullptr);
lldb::RegisterContextSP GetRegisterContext() override;
lldb::RegisterContextSP
CreateRegisterContextForFrame(lldb_private::StackFrame *frame) override;
bool LoadArtificialStackFrames();
bool CalculateStopInfo() override;
const char *GetInfo() override { return nullptr; }
const char *GetName() override;
const char *GetQueueName() override;
void WillResume(lldb::StateType resume_state) override;
void RefreshStateAfterStop() override;
void ClearStackFrames() override;
StructuredData::ObjectSP FetchThreadExtendedInfo() override;
private:
void CheckInterpreterAndScriptObject() const;
lldb::ScriptedThreadInterfaceSP GetInterface() const;
ScriptedThread(const ScriptedThread &) = delete;
const ScriptedThread &operator=(const ScriptedThread &) = delete;
std::shared_ptr<DynamicRegisterInfo> GetDynamicRegisterInfo();
const ScriptedProcess &m_scripted_process;
lldb::ScriptedThreadInterfaceSP m_scripted_thread_interface_sp = nullptr;
lldb_private::StructuredData::GenericSP m_script_object_sp = nullptr;
std::shared_ptr<DynamicRegisterInfo> m_register_info_sp = nullptr;
};
} // namespace lldb_private
#endif // LLDB_SOURCE_PLUGINS_SCRIPTED_THREAD_H
``` |
Rosanne Cash is the self-titled debut album of American country music artist Rosanne Cash, released on December 15, 1978. The album was never issued in the U.S. It was her only album for the German based Ariola Records, and the first to feature Rodney Crowell, who went on to produce Cash's other albums. After that album's release, Cash signed contracts with Columbia Records in 1979.
Track listing
"Baby, Better Start Turnin' Em Down" (Rodney Crowell) – 4:06
"Take Me, Take Me" (Keith Sykes) – 3:40
"So Fine" (Jim Gribble/Johnny Otis) – 3:20
"Thoughts from the Train" (Yigal Bashan, Lucy Neale) – 3:45
"Understand Your Man" (Johnny Cash) – 3:23
"I'm Ragged But I'm Right" (George Jones) – 2:45
"Anybody's Darlin' (Anything But Mine)" (Rodney Crowell) – 5:10
"Feelin' Blue" (John C. Fogerty) – 3:59
"We Can Do What We Like" (Rosanne Cash) – 3:43
"Baby We Can Be Friends" (Rosanne Cash) – 2:32
"Can I Still Believe in You" (Rosanne Cash) – 5:35
Personnel
Rosanne Cash - acoustic guitar, vocals
Jerry McKeun - acoustic and electric guitar, electric piano
Mats Björkland - acoustic and electric guitar
Frank Baum - pedal steel
Rodney Crowell - acoustic guitar, arrangements on "So Fine", "Understand Your Man" and "Can I Still Believe in You"
Sigi Schwab - acoustic guitar, banjo
Bee Spears, Dave King - bass
Charly Ricanek - piano, Fender Rhodes, celesta, synthesizer, arrangements
Buck White - piano, mandolin
Jerry Kroon, Keith Forsey - drums
Joseph Spector, - percussion
Giuseppe Solera - harmonica
Hannes Beckmann - electric violin
Siegfried Meinecke - viola
Franz Fischer - cello
Timothy Touchton - harmony vocals
Carlene Carter, Larry Willoughby, Wolly Emperhoff - backing vocals
Technical
Frank von dem Bottlenberg, Harry Thumann, Zeke Lund - engineer
Mal Luker - mixing
1978 debut albums
Rosanne Cash albums
Ariola Records albums
Albums produced by Rodney Crowell |
Karel Bláha (born 1 June 1975) is a retired Czech athlete specialising in the 400 meter dash. His best individual outing was the seventh place at the 2002 European Championships. In addition, he represented his country at the 2001 World Championships where he narrowly missed the semifinals despite equaling his personal best in the heats.
He won the gold medal in 4 × 400 metres relay at the 2000 European Indoor Championships, setting the new national record.
Competition record
Personal bests
Outdoor
200 metres – 21.20 (+1.6 m/s) (Kladno 2006)
400 metres – 45.82 (Pilsen 2000)
800 metres – 1:49.38 (Turnov 2001)
Indoor
60 metres – 7.02 (Prague 2004)
200 metres – 22.07 (Prague 2004)
400 metres – 46.39 (Stuttgart 2000)
References
CAS profile
1975 births
Living people
Czech male sprinters |
Joe Town is a village, near Newton, in the Western Area Rural District of Sierra Leone. Joe Town is about twenty five miles outside Freetown.
The main industry in Joe town is farming. The village is inhabited by several ethnic groups, and the primary language of communication in Joe Town is the Krio language. The village is home to the St. Joseph Primary School at Joe Town and MedMed Games.
External links
http://weather.mirbig.net/en/SL/04/2408407_Joe+Town
http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/spip.php?article5786
Villages in Sierra Leone
Western Area |
Bhagavan Kovil is a Vishnu temple located near Dharapuram of Tirupur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a Vaishnavite temple dedicated to Lord ThirumalaiSamy. This temple is best known for the Ugadi festival which falls on Indian summer months of March or April and precisely on the Telugu new year day called Ugadi. This temple gets visitors in lakhs during the world-famous festival. There is tourist attraction near this place, Nallathangal Dam is located 4 km from Bhagavan kovil.
Geography
The temple is located at 10°42′58″N 77°39′1″E
Transport
The temple is less than 14 km from Dharapuram. The nearest railway station is Tiruppur Railway Station located 64 km. The nearest airport is Coimbatore International Airport located 92 km from this place. The closest hill station is Kodaikanal located 55 km.
Gallery
Hindu temples in Tiruppur district |
Rhabdophis conspicillatus, the red-bellied keelback, is a keelback snake in the family Colubridae found in Indonesia and Malaysia.
References
Rhabdophis
Snakes of Southeast Asia
Reptiles of Indonesia
Reptiles of Malaysia
Reptiles described in 1872
Taxa named by Albert Günther
Reptiles of Borneo |
The Tyler County Courthouse in Woodville, Texas was built in 1891.
It was a red brick building in Italianate style when built. A 1936 renovation added stucco. Tallish, narrow windows topped by arches are among remnants of Italianate style.
It was the third courthouse built on the courthouse square.
The building received emergency electrical rewiring work in 2004.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Tyler County, Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Tyler County
References
External links
County courthouses in Texas
National Register of Historic Places in Tyler County, Texas
Italianate architecture in Texas
Government buildings completed in 1891
Courthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas |
Eduard Aghvani Nalbandian (; born July 16, 1956) is an Armenian former diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Armenia from April 2008 to May 2018. He is currently a professor at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations.
Biography
Edward Nalbandian was born in 1956 in Yerevan, Armenian SSR. At the age of 22 he graduated from Moscow State Institute of International Relations. In 1988 he received his Ph.D. in political science from the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR National Academy of Sciences. Nalbandian speaks Armenian, French, English, Russian and Arabic. He is married and has a daughter.
Diplomatic career
Nalbandian started his diplomatic career in 1978. After obtaining his doctorate degree in political science, Nalbandian was sent first to Lebanon as a diplomat and then, in 1986, appointed First Secretary of the USSR Embassy in Egypt. In 1982, Nalbandian was the youngest diplomat in the Soviet Union to be awarded the highest diplomatic medal for his service, the Peoples Friendship Medal, the USSR's third highest honor. When Armenia became independent, Nalbandian was invited to become Armenia's representative in Egypt. Thus, in 1992 Edward Nalbandian joined the diplomatic service of newly independent Armenia as Chargé d'Affaires and later in 1994 as Ambassador of Armenia to Egypt. From Cairo he was also accredited as Armenia's Ambassador to Morocco and Oman. By October 1992, Nalbandian had established an embassy in Cairoone of the first embassies Armenia opened.
In 1999 Nalbandian was appointed as Ambassador to France, where he served for almost a decade. This period marked the flourishing of Armenian-French interstate relations, marked notably by the state visits of the Presidents and the Year of Armenia in France. Edward Nalbandian also served as non-resident Ambassador to Israel, the Vatican and Andorra, and he was personal representative of the President of Armenia to the International organization of La Francophonie from 20062008. Edward Nalbandian represented Armenia in several dozens of international conferences and summits.
After Serzh Sargsyan took office as president, he appointed Nalbandian as Foreign Minister from April 14, 2008, till May 2018.
After leaving office, Nalbandian became a professor at the Department for Diplomatic Studies at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations.
Honors, Honorary titles and awards
Edward Nalbandian has received a number of awards, among them:
1982 – The USSR award of Friendship of Nations
2001 – Commander of the Legion of Honor of the French Republic
2001 – Armenian Medal of Mkhitar Gosh for significant services in the sphere of diplomacy
2003 – Saint Gregory's Grand Cross Order of Holy See
2011 – Grand Officier de la Légion d'honneur
2012 – 2nd degree medal “For Services Contributed to the Motherland”
2014 – Honorary Doctorate degree of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO) for his contribution to strengthening international security, and his ongoing contribution to Russia-Armenia relations.
2015 – La Grande Médaille de la Ville de Paris
2015 – 1st degree medal “For Services Contributed to the Motherland”, Armenia
2016 – Gold Medal of the Human Rights League of Spain
2016 – "Order of Friendship" of the Russian Federation
2016 – Order Pro Merito Melitensi, The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta
2016 – Honorary Professor of Yerevan State University.
2017 – Russian Order of Friendship awarded by Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, for his great contribution to strengthening friendship and cooperation with Russia.
See also
List of foreign ministers in 2018
List of ministers of foreign affairs of Armenia
References
External links
Official website of MFA RA
1956 births
Ambassadors of Armenia to Andorra
Ambassadors of Armenia to Egypt
Ambassadors of Armenia to France
Ambassadors of Armenia to Israel
Ambassadors of Armenia to Morocco
Ambassadors of Armenia to Oman
Ambassadors of Armenia to the Holy See
Government ministers of Armenia
Foreign ministers of Armenia
Living people
Grand Officers of the Ordre national du Mérite
People from Yerevan |
The Sri Lanka Railways M4 is a class of diesel-electric locomotive manufactured in Canada by Montreal Locomotive Works. Fourteen of the manufacturers' model MX-620 were imported in 1975.
This was the longest locomotive in the Sri Lanka Railways previously. All units are still operational. On regular operation they are not used beyond Polgahawela on the main line, and are not used on the hill country section. They used to travel on the full main line regularly until the previous decade.
They are painted in a livery of dark blue, light blue, silver with yellow striping; although No. 752 Point Pedro was painted in a special ICE (Intercity Express) livery.
Fleet
Gallery
References
M04
MLW locomotives
Co-Co locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1975
5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives
this train stopped travelling in the hillcountry in the early years . some say the class m4 locomotives didn't travelled in the hill country due to track damaging or due to the size of the train . but the class m4 756" laxapana " came to kandy hauling the kandy mathara train in 2023 . the train was attached to a class m because the electronic running shed at maradana, didn't have a train to haul it from colombo to kandy . then the next day , another class m4 locomotive arrived to kandy with the kandy-mathara train . it was the class m4 750 " isurumuni " . the m4 756 hauled the kandy to mathara train with a class m5 locomotive attached infront of the m4 . |
Trust is the sixth studio album by American indie rock band Low. It was released on October 21, 2002 on the Kranky label. The album was mastered by John Golden, mixed by Tchad Blake and recorded by Tom Herbers.
Track listing
References
2002 albums
Low (band) albums
Kranky albums |
```shell
#!/bin/bash
# T&M Hansson IT AB - 2024, path_to_url
true
SCRIPT_NAME="Firewall"
SCRIPT_EXPLAINER="This script helps setting up a firewall for your NcVM."
# shellcheck source=lib.sh
source /var/scripts/fetch_lib.sh
# Check for errors + debug code and abort if something isn't right
# 1 = ON
# 0 = OFF
DEBUG=0
debug_mode
# Check if root
root_check
# Check if firewall is already enabled
if ! ufw status | grep -q " active"
then
# Ask for installing
install_popup "$SCRIPT_NAME"
else
# Ask for removal or reinstallation
reinstall_remove_menu "$SCRIPT_NAME"
# Removal
ufw disable
ufw --force reset
# Show successful uninstall if applicable
removal_popup "$SCRIPT_NAME"
fi
# Install and enable firewall
if ! is_this_installed ufw
then
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install ufw -y --no-install-recommends
systemctl enable ufw &>/dev/null
systemctl start ufw &>/dev/null
fi
# SSH
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow SSH"
ufw allow ssh comment SSH
# Web server
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Web server"
ufw allow http comment http
ufw allow https comment https
# UPnP
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "UPnP"
ufw allow proto udp from 192.168.0.0/16 comment UPnP
# Adminer
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow Adminer"
ufw allow 9443/tcp comment Adminer
# Netdata
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow Netdata"
ufw allow 19999/tcp comment 'Netdata TCP'
ufw allow 19999/udp comment 'Netdata UDP'
# Talk (no custom port possible)
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow Talk"
ufw allow 3478/tcp comment 'Talk TCP'
ufw allow 3478/udp comment 'Talk UDP'
# Webmin
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow Webmin"
ufw allow 10000/tcp comment Webmin
# RDP
if is_this_installed xrdp
then
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow RDP"
ufw allow 3389/tcp comment Remotedesktop
fi
# Samba
if is_this_installed samba
then
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow Samba"
ufw allow samba comment Samba
fi
# Pi-hole
if pihole &>/dev/null
then
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow Pi-hole"
ufw allow 53/tcp comment 'Pi-hole TCP'
ufw allow 53/udp comment 'Pi-hole UDP'
ufw allow 8094/tcp comment 'Pi-hole Web'
fi
# PiVPN
if pivpn &>/dev/null
then
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow PiVPN"
ufw allow 51820/udp comment 'PiVPN'
fi
# Plex
if is_docker_running && docker ps -a --format "{{.Names}}" | grep -q "^plex$"
then
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Allow Plex"
for port in 32400/tcp 3005/tcp 8324/tcp 32469/tcp 1900/udp 32410/udp 32412/udp 32413/udp 32414/udp
do
ufw allow "$port" comment "Plex $port"
done
fi
# Enable firewall
print_text_in_color "$ICyan" "Enable Firewall"
ufw --force enable
msg_box "The Firewall was configured successfully!"
``` |
The 1961 International 100 was a motor race staged at the Warwick Farm Raceway in New South Wales, Australia on 29 January 1961.
Contested as a Formula Libre race, it was staged over a distance of 101.25 miles (163 km) and was the first annual International 100 race to be held at Warwick Farm.
The race was won by Stirling Moss, driving a Lotus 18 Coventry Climax FPF.
Race results
Notes
Pole Position: Stirling Moss (Lotus 18 Coventry Climax FPF), 1:39.3
Weather: Hot (41 degrees C)
Race distance: 45 laps (101.25 miles, 163 km)
Entries: 17
Starters: 14
Finishers: 5
Winner's race time: 1 hr 16 min 33.9 sec
Fastest lap: Stirling Moss (Lotus 18 Coventry Climax FPF) : 1:40.3
References
International
Motorsport at Warwick Farm |
Richard Gerold Purcell Jr. (August 6, 1905 – April 10, 1944) was an American actor best known for playing Marvel Comics' Captain America in the 1943 film serial, co-starring with Lorna Gray and Lionel Atwill. Purcell also appeared in films such as Tough Kid (1938), Accidents Will Happen (1938), Heroes in Blue (1939), Irish Luck (1939), The Bank Dick (1940), and King of the Zombies (1941).
Early life
Purcell was born in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1905 (not 1908, as many sources suggest). One of 5 children, he attended Catholic grade school and high school, before enrolling as a student at Fordham University in The Bronx in New York City.
Career
Purcell began his acting career on the stage in New York, appearing in at least three plays: Men in White, Sailor, Beware! and Paths of Glory. A talent scout saw Purcell's performance in Paths of Glory which led to a small role in the film Ceiling Zero (1936). In his next film, Man Hunt (1936), Purcell had a larger role as a newspaper reporter. Purcell appeared in eleven films in 1936 alone.
Captain America serial
Purcell got the title role in the 1944 Republic serial film Captain America despite being somewhat overweight. The script was loosely based on the comic book character Captain America. The serial has Captain America, whose everyday identity is District Attorney Grant Gardner, thwarting the attempts of The Scarab, the villainous alter ego of museum curator Dr. Cyrus Maldor, to acquire a pair of super weapon devices, the "Dynamic Vibrator" and "Electronic Firebolt".
The serial, which would go on to be box office success, would be Republic's most expensive to make but also its last one about a superhero.
Personal life
Purcell eloped to Las Vegas with the actress Ethelind Terry. The two married on March 3, 1942, only to divorce on August 26, 1942.
Death
Shortly after he completed the Captain America film serial, and just before its general release, Purcell collapsed and died in the locker room of a Hollywood country club on 10 April 1944, shortly after playing a round of golf. His remains were interred at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City. Film historian Raymond Stedman speculated that the strain of filming Captain America was too much for his heart.
Selected filmography
The Doorway to Hell (1930) - Minor Role (uncredited)
The Strange Love of Molly Louvain (1932) - Jimmy's College Friend (uncredited)
Ceiling Zero (1936) - Smiley
Freshman Love (1936) - Radio Announcer (uncredited)
Man Hunt (1936) - Skip McHenry
Brides Are Like That (1936) - Dr. Randolph Jenkins
Snowed Under (1936) - Bert (uncredited)
Times Square Playboy (1936) - Wally Calhoun
The Law in Her Hands (1936) - Marty
Bullets or Ballots (1936) - Ed Driscoll (credited as Richard Purcell)
Public Enemy's Wife (1936) - Louie
Bengal Tiger (1936) - Nick DeLargo
Jailbreak (1936) - Ed Slayden
The Case of the Velvet Claws (1936) - Crandal
The Captain's Kid (1936) - George Chester
King of Hockey (1936) - Gabby Dugan
Navy Blues (1937) - Russell J. 'Rusty' Gibbs
Men in Exile (1937) - Jimmy Carmody
Melody for Two (1937) - Mel Lynch
Draegerman Courage (1937) - Trapped Draegerman (uncredited)
Slim (1937) - Tom
Public Wedding (1937) - Joe Taylor
Reported Missing (1937) - Paul Wayne
Wine, Women and Horses (1937) - George Mayhew
Alcatraz Island (1937) - 'Harp' Santell
Missing Witnesses (1937) - 'Bull' Regan
Daredevil Drivers (1938) - Bill Foster
Over the Wall (1938) - Ace Scanlon
Accidents Will Happen (1938) - Jim Faber
Flight into Nowhere (1938) - Bill Kellogg
Air Devils (1938) - Percy 'Slats' Harrington
Mystery House (1938) - Lance O'Leary
Penrod's Double Trouble (1938) - Tex Boyden
Valley of the Giants (1938) - Creel
Garden of the Moon (1938) - Rick Fulton
Broadway Musketeers (1938) - Vincent 'Vince' Morrell
Nancy Drew... Detective (1938) - Keiffer
Tough Kid (1938) - 'Red' Murphy
Blackwell's Island (1939) - Terry Walsh
Streets of New York (1939) - T.P. 'Tap' Keenan
Irish Luck (1939) - Steve Lanahan
Heroes in Blue (1939) - Terry Murphy
Outside the Three-Mile Limit (1940) - Agent Melvin Pierce
New Moon (1940) - Alexander
Private Affairs (1940) - Dick Cartwright
Arise, My Love (1940) - Pink
The Bank Dick (1940) - Mackley Q. Greene
Flight Command (1940) - Lieut. 'Stichy' Payne
King of the Zombies (1941) - James McCarthy
Two in a Taxi (1941) - Bill Gratton
Bullets for O'Hara (1941) - Wicks
Flying Blind (1941) - Bob Fuller
The Pittsburgh Kid (1941) - Cliff Halliday
No Hands on the Clock (1941) - Red Harris
Torpedo Boat (1942) - Ralph Andrews
In Old California (1942) - Joe Dawson
I Live on Danger (1942) - Norm Thompson
The Old Homestead (1942) - Scarf Lennin
Phantom Killer (1942) - Edward Arlington Clark
X Marks the Spot (1942) - Police Lt. William 'Bill' Decker
Reveille with Beverly (1943) - Andy Adams
No Place for a Lady (1943) - Rand Brooke
Idaho (1943) - Duke Springer
Aerial Gunner (1943) - Pvt. Lancelot 'Gadget' Blaine
High Explosive (1943) - Dave
Mystery of the 13th Guest (1943) - Johnny Smith
Timber Queen (1944) - Milt Holmes
Captain America (1944, Serial) - Grant Gardner / Captain America
Trocadero (1944) - Spike Nelson
Leave It to the Irish (1944) - Pat Burke (final film role)
References
External links
Dick Purcell biography
1905 births
1944 deaths
Male actors from Greenwich, Connecticut
20th-century American male actors |
The canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes is an administrative division of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, in southern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Prades.
It consists of the following communes:
Les Angles
Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes
Ayguatébia-Talau
Bolquère
Bourg-Madame
La Cabanasse
Campôme
Canaveilles
Catllar
Caudiès-de-Conflent
Clara-Villerach
Codalet
Conat
Dorres
Égat
Enveitg
Err
Escaro
Estavar
Eus
Eyne
Font-Romeu-Odeillo-Via
Fontpédrouse
Fontrabiouse
Formiguères
Jujols
Latour-de-Carol
La Llagonne
Llo
Los Masos
Matemale
Molitg-les-Bains
Mont-Louis
Mosset
Nahuja
Nohèdes
Nyer
Olette
Oreilla
Osséja
Palau-de-Cerdagne
Planès
Porta
Porté-Puymorens
Prades
Puyvalador
Railleu
Réal
Ria-Sirach
Saillagouse
Sainte-Léocadie
Saint-Pierre-dels-Forcats
Sansa
Sauto
Serdinya
Souanyas
Targasonne
Thuès-Entre-Valls
Ur
Urbanya
Valcebollère
Villefranche-de-Conflent
References
Cantons of Pyrénées-Orientales |
```javascript
var convert = require('./convert'),
func = convert('assignAll', require('../assign'));
func.placeholder = require('./placeholder');
module.exports = func;
``` |
Sissal Kampmann (born 1974) is a Faroese poet. She grew up in Vestmanna in the Faroe Islands. After finishing the Faroese University-preparatory school (in Faroese called Studentaskúli, in Danish: Gymnasium) in Tórshavn, she moved to Denmark to study Nordic literature at the University of Copenhagen.
She published her first poetry collection in 2011, while living in Copenhagen. The poems were written in Faroese and were published by the Faroese-owned Forlaget Eksil. In September 2012 she received the Klaus Rifbjerg's Debutant Prize.
Bibliography
Poems
2016 - Sunnudagsland, Mentanargrunnur Studentafelgasins
2014 - Hyasinttíð, (“Hyacinth time”) Mentanargrunnur Studentafelgasins
2013 - 4D. Copenhagen, Forlaget Eksil.
2012 - Endurtøkur. Copenhagen, Forlaget Eksil.
2011 - Ravnar á ljóðleysum flogi – yrkingar úr uppgongdini. Copenhagen, Forlaget Eksil.
Prizes and grants
2013 - One year grant from the Mentanargrunnur Landsins (Faroese Cultural Fund)
2012 - Klaus Rifbjerg's Debutant Prize
References
21st-century Faroese poets
Faroese writers
Faroese-language poets
Faroese women writers
Living people
People from Vestmanna Municipality
1974 births
Faroese women poets
21st-century Danish women writers |
Hassan Aziz Hassan (Arabic: حسن عزيز حسن, also known as Nabil Hassan Aziz Hassan; February 22, 1924 – April 17, 2000) was an Egyptian prince. He was one of the last surviving members of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty (Egypt's last royal family). He held the title of "El-Nabil" (the noble prince, in Arabic), which was also his name at birth. Having been educated in Beirut and England at Leighton Park School, he was a painter and pianist, and was a student and close friend of the expatriate Polish concert pianist Ignaz Tiegerman and of the artists Fabrizio Clerici and Leonor Fini who portrayed it.
Hassan was born in Sanremo, Italy, a great-grandson of the Khedive Ismail and a cousin of King Farouk of Egypt, the country's last king. His father, Prince Aziz, a brother of King Fuad I, was a founder of the Wafd Party, and his mother was Spanish.
He had two sisters, Princess Khadijah and Princess Aicha, and a brother, Ismail. Unlike many other members of the Egyptian royal family, he remained in Egypt following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, living in an apartment with one of his sisters, with whom he did not speak for years. He died in 2000, in Cairo, Egypt, at the age of 76.
References
Hassan Aziz Hassan. Memoir in Remembering Childhood in the Middle East: Memoirs From a Century of Change, compiled by Elizabeth Warnock Fernea, pp. 85–109. University of Texas Press, 2002. .
Hassan Hassan. In the House of Muhammad Ali: A Family Album, 1805-1952 (2000). Egypt: American University in Cairo Press. .
External links
Article about Hassan Aziz Hassan
Article about Hassan Aziz Hassan
New York Times obituary
1924 births
2000 deaths
People from Sanremo
Muhammad Ali dynasty
Egyptian princes
Royalty from Cairo
People educated at Leighton Park School
Egyptian expatriates in Lebanon
Egyptian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Egyptian expatriates in Italy |
Terrorism in Sudan has occurred in Sudan since the recent war. The Sudanese government, however, persists in fighting against terrorism in the country.
Sudan has made progress in shutting down terrorism inside its borders. Sudan’s terrorist connection is not new and the country has been on the United States list of state sponsors of terrorism since August 1993. Sudan has been under diplomatic sanctions by the United Nations since 1996.
Sudan is in a strategic position to export its Islamic revolution because of its borders with both Egypt and Libya and with six African countries, including Ethiopia, which has a large and impoverished Muslim population.
Terrorism was introduced to Sudan in the early 1990s when Osama Bin Ladin and his followers came to the country and built a training camp infrastructure as well as setting up a business and finance network.
Terrorist groups in Sudan
Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) has been accused by Africa Watch of using terrorist methods in their fight for autonomy. In 2001, the SPLA attacked civilian oil targets, killing a significant number of civilians and aid workers, as well selling rockets to civilians.
Training camps
Many of the terrorist groups have a number of training camps in the country. Sudan, being the third largest African country (after the secession of South Sudan in 2011) is a common place to hide a terrorist training center. Certain locations are known for training particular groups or
people from certain countries. Camp al-Maokil near Shendi was for training Algerians and Tunisians. In early May 1990, some 60 Arabs from North Africa, France, and Belgium began to train in the Shambat district of Khartoum. In the al-Khalafiyya area north of Khartoum training took place for the Algerian Islamic Salvation Army and the Armed Islamic Group. In Akhil al-Awliya on the banks of the Blue Nile, south of Khartoum more than 500 Palestinians, Syrians and Jordanians were trained.
List of terrorist incidents in Sudan
List of terrorist incidents in Sudan since 1970:
References
Sources
http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article30535
https://web.archive.org/web/20091004174556/http://www.sudan.net/news/press/postedr/43.shtml
External links
http://www2.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=1461349 Canadian accused of terrorism in Sudan denied passport
http://www.mediamonitors.net/mosaddeq16.html United States Terrorism in the Sudan
http://www.survivorsrightsinternational.org/sri_news/SRI-Khar.pdf Eradication of Terrorism Forestalled by Khartoum's Genocidal Policies and Oppressive Rule
United States Department of State Strikes on Terrorist-Related Facilities in Afghanistan and Sudan August 20, 1998
Africa and the war on terrorism By John Davis
Sudan
Human rights abuses in Sudan |
The North Macedonia ambassador in Beijing is the official representative of the Government in Skopje to the Government of the People's Republic of China.
List of representatives
References
China
Macedonia |
Theodosius I (347–395) was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395.
Theodosius I may also refer to:
Pope Theodosius I of Alexandria (died 567), Patriarch of Alexandria, 535–567
Theodosius I of Constantinople, (died after 1183), Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, 1179–1183
Teodósio I, Duke of Braganza (1510–1563), Portuguese duke
See also
Theodosius (disambiguation), a given name, including a list of people with that name |
Herbert Whitfield may refer to:
Herbert Whitfeld (1858–1909), English amateur sportsman who played football and cricket
Sir Herbert Whitfield (1617–1677), English lawyer and landowner |
American Jews or Jewish Americans are American citizens who are Jewish, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion. Today the Jewish community in the United States consists primarily of Ashkenazi Jews, who descend from diaspora Jewish populations of Central and Eastern Europe and compose about 90–95% of the American Jewish population.
During the colonial era, prior to the mass immigration of Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardic Jews who arrived via Portugal represented the bulk of America's then-small Jewish population, and while their descendants are a minority nowadays, they represent the remainder of those original American Jews along with an array of other Jewish communities, including more recent Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Beta Israel-Ethiopian Jews, various other Jewish ethnic groups, as well as a smaller number of converts to Judaism. The American Jewish community manifests a wide range of Jewish cultural traditions, encompassing the full spectrum of Jewish religious observance.
Depending on religious definitions and varying population data, the United States has the largest or second largest Jewish community in the world, after Israel. As of 2020, the core American Jewish population is estimated at 7.6 million people, accounting for 2.4% of the total US population. This includes 4.9 million adults who identify their religion as Jewish, 1.2 million Jewish adults who identify with no religion, and 1.6 million Jewish children. It is estimated that up to 15,000,000 Americans are part of the "enlarged" American Jewish population, accounting for 4.5% of the total US population, consisting of those who have at least one Jewish grandparent and would be eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return.
History
Jews were present in the Thirteen Colonies since the mid-17th century. However, they were small in number, with at most 200 to 300 having arrived by 1700. Those early arrivals were mostly Sephardi Jewish immigrants, of Western Sephardic (also known as Spanish and Portuguese Jewish) ancestry, but by 1720, Ashkenazi Jews from diaspora communities in Central and Eastern Europe predominated.
For the first time, the English Plantation Act 1740 permitted Jews to become British citizens and emigrate to the colonies. The first famous Jew in U.S. history was Chaim Salomon, a Polish-born Jew who emigrated to New York and played an important role in the American Revolution. He was a successful financier who supported the patriotic cause and helped raise most of the money needed to finance the American Revolution.
Despite the fact that some of them were denied the right to vote or hold office in local jurisdictions, Sephardi Jews became active in community affairs in the 1790s, after they were granted political equality in the five states where they were most numerous. Until about 1830, Charleston, South Carolina had more Jews than anywhere else in North America. Large-scale Jewish immigration commenced in the 19th century, when, by mid-century, many German Jews had arrived, migrating to the United States in large numbers due to antisemitic laws and restrictions in their countries of birth. They primarily became merchants and shop-owners. Gradually early Jewish arrivals from the east coast would travel westward, and in the fall of 1819 the first Jewish religious services west of the Appalachian Range were conducted during the High Holidays in Cincinnati, the oldest Jewish community in the Midwest. Gradually the Cincinnati Jewish community would adopt novel practices under the leadership Rabbi Isaac Meyer Wise, the father of Reform Judaism in the United States, such as the inclusion of women in minyan. A large community grew in the region with the arrival of German and Lithuanian Jews in the latter half of the 1800s, leading to the establishment of Manischewitz, one of the largest producers of American kosher products and now based in New Jersey, and the oldest continuously published Jewish newspaper in the United States, and second-oldest continuous published in the world, The American Israelite, established in 1854 and still extant in Cincinnati. By 1880 there were approximately 250,000 Jews in the United States, many of them being the educated, and largely secular, German Jews, although a minority population of the older Sephardi Jewish families remained influential.
Jewish migration to the United States increased dramatically in the early 1880s, as a result of persecution and economic difficulties in parts of Eastern Europe. Most of these new immigrants were Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews, most of whom arrived from poor diaspora communities of the Russian Empire and the Pale of Settlement, located in modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova. During the same period, great numbers of Ashkenazic Jews also arrived from Galicia, at that time the most impoverished region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire with a heavy Jewish urban population, driven out mainly by economic reasons. Many Jews also emigrated from Romania. Over 2,000,000 Jews landed between the late 19th century and 1924 when the Immigration Act of 1924 restricted immigration. Most settled in the New York metropolitan area, establishing the world's major concentrations of the Jewish population. In 1915, the circulation of the daily Yiddish newspapers was half a million in New York City alone, and 600,000 nationally. In addition, thousands more subscribed to the numerous weekly papers and the many magazines in Yiddish.
At the beginning of the 20th century, these newly arrived Jews built support networks consisting of many small synagogues and Landsmanshaften (German and Yiddish for "Countryman Associations") for Jews from the same town or village. American Jewish writers of the time urged assimilation and integration into the wider American culture, and Jews quickly became part of American life. Approximately 500,000 American Jews (or half of all Jewish males between 18 and 50) fought in World War II, and after the war younger families joined the new trend of suburbanization. There, Jews became increasingly assimilated and demonstrated rising intermarriage. The suburbs facilitated the formation of new centers, as Jewish school enrollment more than doubled between the end of World War II and the mid-1950s, while synagogue affiliation jumped from 20% in 1930 to 60% in 1960; the fastest growth came in Reform and, especially, Conservative congregations. More recent waves of Jewish emigration from Russia and other regions have largely joined the mainstream American Jewish community.
Americans of Jewish descent have been successful in many fields and aspects over the years. The Jewish community in America has gone from being part of the lower class of society, with numerous employments barred to them, to being a group with a high concentrations in members of the academia and a per capita income higher than the average in the United States.
Self-identity
Scholars debate whether the historical experience of Jews in the United States has been such a unique experience as to validate American exceptionalism.
Korelitz (1996) shows how American Jews during the late 19th and early 20th centuries abandoned a racial definition of Jewishness in favor of one that embraced ethnicity. The key to understanding this transition from a racial self-definition to a cultural or ethnic one can be found in the Menorah Journal between 1915 and 1925. During this time contributors to the Menorah promoted a cultural, rather than a racial, religious, or other views of Jewishness as a means to define Jews in a world that threatened to overwhelm and absorb Jewish uniqueness. The journal represented the ideals of the menorah movement established by Horace M. Kallen and others to promote a revival in Jewish cultural identity and combat the idea of race as a means to define or identify peoples.
Siporin (1990) uses the family folklore of ethnic Jews to their collective history and its transformation into a historical art form. They tell us how Jews have survived being uprooted and transformed. Many immigrant narratives bear a theme of the arbitrary nature of fate and the reduced state of immigrants in a new culture. By contrast, ethnic family narratives tend to show the ethnicity more in charge of his life, and perhaps in danger of losing his Jewishness altogether. Some stories show how a family member successfully negotiated the conflict between ethnic and American identities.
After 1960, memories of the Holocaust, together with the Six-Day War in 1967 had major impacts on fashioning Jewish ethnic identity. Some have argued that the Holocaust highlighted for Jews the importance of their ethnic identity at a time when other minorities were asserting their own.
Politics
In New York City, while the German-Jewish community was well established 'uptown', the more numerous Jews who migrated from Eastern Europe faced tension 'downtown' with Irish and German Catholic neighbors, especially the Irish Catholics who controlled Democratic Party Politics at the time. Jews successfully established themselves in the garment trades and in the needle unions in New York. By the 1930s they were a major political factor in New York, with strong support for the most liberal programs of the New Deal. They continued as a major element of the New Deal Coalition, giving special support to the Civil Rights Movement. By the mid-1960s, however, the Black Power movement caused a growing separation between blacks and Jews, though both groups remained solidly in the Democratic camp.
While earlier Jewish immigrants from Germany tended to be politically conservative, the wave of Jews from Eastern Europe starting in the early 1880s were generally more liberal or left-wing and became the political majority. Many came to America with experience in the socialist, anarchist and communist movements as well as the Labor Bund, emanating from Eastern Europe. Many Jews rose to leadership positions in the early 20th century American labor movement and helped to found unions that played a major role in left-wing politics and, after 1936, in Democratic Party politics.
Although American Jews generally leaned Republican in the second half of the 19th century, the majority has voted Democratic since at least 1916, when they voted 55% for Woodrow Wilson.
With the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, American Jews voted more solidly Democratic. They voted 90% for Roosevelt in the elections of 1940, and 1944, representing the highest of support, equaled only once since. In the election of 1948, Jewish support for Democrat Harry S. Truman dropped to 75%, with 15% supporting the new Progressive Party. As a result of lobbying, and hoping to better compete for the Jewish vote, both major party platforms had included a pro-Zionist plank since 1944, and supported the creation of a Jewish state; it had little apparent effect however, with 90% still voting other-than-Republican. In every election since, except for 1980, no Democratic presidential candidate has won with less than 67% of the Jewish vote. (In 1980, Carter obtained 45% of the Jewish vote. See below.)
During the 1952 and 1956 elections, Jewish voters cast 60% or more of their votes for Democrat Adlai Stevenson, while General Eisenhower garnered 40% of the Jewish vote for his reelection, the best showing to date for the Republicans since Warren G. Harding's 43% in 1920. In 1960, 83% voted for Democrat John F. Kennedy against Richard Nixon, and in 1964, 90% of American Jews voted for Lyndon Johnson, over his Republican opponent, arch-conservative Barry Goldwater. Hubert Humphrey garnered 81% of the Jewish vote in the 1968 elections in his losing bid for president against Richard Nixon.
During the Nixon re-election campaign of 1972, Jewish voters were apprehensive about George McGovern and only favored the Democrat by 65%, while Nixon more than doubled Republican Jewish support to 35%. In the election of 1976, Jewish voters supported Democrat Jimmy Carter by 71% over incumbent president Gerald Ford's 27%, but during the Carter re-election campaign of 1980, Jewish voters greatly abandoned the Democrat, with only 45% support, while Republican winner Ronald Reagan garnered 39%, and 14% went to independent (former Republican) John Anderson.
During the Reagan re-election campaign of 1984, the Republican retained 31% of the Jewish vote, while 67% voted for Democrat Walter Mondale. The 1988 election saw Jewish voters favor Democrat Michael Dukakis by 64%, while George H. W. Bush polled a respectable 35%, but during Bush's re-election attempt in 1992, his Jewish support dropped to just 11%, with 80% voting for Bill Clinton and 9% going to independent Ross Perot. Clinton's re-election campaign in 1996 maintained high Jewish support at 78%, with 16% supporting Bob Dole and 3% for Perot.
In the 2000 presidential election, Joe Lieberman became the first American Jew to run for national office on a major-party ticket when he was chosen as Democratic presidential candidate Al Gore's vice-presidential nominee. The elections of 2000 and 2004 saw continued Jewish support for Democrats Al Gore and John Kerry, a Catholic, remain in the high- to mid-70% range, while Republican George W. Bush's re-election in 2004 saw Jewish support rise from 19% to 24%.
In the 2008 presidential election, 78% of Jews voted for Barack Obama, who became the first African American to be elected president. Additionally, 83% of white Jews voted for Obama compared to just 34% of white Protestants and 47% of white Catholics, though 67% of those identifying with another religion and 71% identifying with no religion also voted Obama.
In the February 2016 New Hampshire Democratic Primary, Bernie Sanders became the first Jewish candidate to win a state's presidential primary election.
For congressional and senate races, since 1968, American Jews have voted about 70–80% for Democrats; this support increased to 87% for Democratic House candidates during the 2006 elections.
The first American Jew to serve in the Senate was David Levy Yulee, who was Florida's first Senator, serving 1845–1851 and again 1855–1861.
There were 19 Jews among the 435 U.S. Representatives at the start of the 112th Congress; 26 Democrats and one (Eric Cantor) Republican. While many of these Members represented coastal cities and suburbs with significant Jewish populations, others did not (for instance, Kim Schrier of Seattle, Washington; John Yarmuth of Louisville, Kentucky; and David Kustoff and Steve Cohen of Memphis, Tennessee). The total number of Jews serving in the House of Representatives declined from 31 in the 111th Congress. John Adler of New Jersey, Steve Kagan of Wisconsin, Alan Grayson of Florida, and Ron Klein of Florida all lost their re-election bids, Rahm Emanuel resigned to become the President's Chief of Staff; and Paul Hodes of New Hampshire did not run for re-election but instead (unsuccessfully) sought his state's open Senate seat. David Cicilline of Rhode Island was the only Jewish American who was newly elected to the 112th Congress; he had been the Mayor of Providence. The number declined when Jane Harman, Anthony Weiner, and Gabby Giffords resigned during the 112th Congress.
, there were five openly gay men serving in Congress and two are Jewish: Jared Polis of Colorado and David Cicilline of Rhode Island.
In November 2008, Cantor was elected as the House Minority Whip, the first Jewish Republican to be selected for the position. In 2011, he became the first Jewish House Majority Leader. He served as Majority Leader until 2014, when he resigned shortly after his loss in the Republican primary election for his House seat.
In 2013, Pew found that 70% of American Jews identified with or leaned toward the Democratic Party, with just 22% identifying with or leaning toward the Republican Party.
The 114th Congress included 10 Jews among 100 U.S. Senators: eight Democrats (Michael Bennet, Richard Blumenthal, Brian Schatz, Benjamin Cardin, Dianne Feinstein, Jon Ossoff, Jacky Rosen, Charles Schumer, Ron Wyden), and Bernie Sanders, who became a Democrat to run for President but returned to the Senate as an Independent.
In the 118th Congress, there will be 28 Jewish U.S. Representatives. 25 will be Democrats and 3 will be Republicans. All 10 Jewish Senators are Democrats.
Additionally, 6 members of President Joe Biden's cabinet are Jewish (Secretary of State Antony Blinken, Attorney General Merrick Garland, DNI Avril Haines, White House Chief of Staff Ron Klain, Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas, and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen).
Participation in civil rights movements
Members of the American Jewish community have included prominent participants in civil rights movements. In the mid-20th century, there were American Jews who were among the most active participants in the Civil Rights Movement and feminist movements. A number of American Jews have also been active figures in the struggle for gay rights in America.
Joachim Prinz, president of the American Jewish Congress, stated the following when he spoke from the podium at the Lincoln Memorial during the famous March on Washington on August 28, 1963: "As Jews we bring to this great demonstration, in which thousands of us proudly participate, a twofold experience—one of the spirit and one of our history.... From our Jewish historic experience of three and a half thousand years we say: Our ancient history began with slavery and the yearning for freedom. During the Middle Ages my people lived for a thousand years in the ghettos of Europe.... It is for these reasons that it is not merely sympathy and compassion for the black people of America that motivates us. It is, above all and beyond all such sympathies and emotions, a sense of complete identification and solidarity born of our own painful historic experience."
The Holocaust
During the World War II period, the American Jewish community was bitterly and deeply divided and as a result, it was unable to form a united front. Most Jews who had previously emigrated to the United States from Eastern Europe supported Zionism, because they believed that a return to their ancestral homeland was the only solution to the persecution and the genocide which were then occurring across Europe. One important development was the sudden conversion of many American Jewish leaders to Zionism late in the war. The Holocaust was largely ignored by American media as it was happening. Reporters and editors largely did not believe the stories of atrocities which were coming out of Europe.
The Holocaust had a profound impact on the Jewish community in the United States, especially after 1960 as Holocaust education improved, as Jews tried to comprehend what had happened during it, and especially as they tried to commemorate it and grapple with it when they looked to the future. Abraham Joshua Heschel summarized this dilemma when he attempted to understand Auschwitz: "To try to answer is to commit a supreme blasphemy. Israel enables us to bear the agony of Auschwitz without radical despair, to sense a ray [of] God's radiance in the jungles of history."
International affairs
Zionism became a well-organized movement in the U.S. with the involvement of leaders such as Louis Brandeis and the promise of a reconstituted homeland in the Balfour Declaration. Jewish Americans organized large-scale boycotts of German merchandise during the 1930s to protest Nazi Germany. Franklin D. Roosevelt's leftist domestic policies received strong Jewish support in the 1930s and 1940s, as did his anti-Nazi foreign policy and his promotion of the United Nations. Support for political Zionism in this period, although growing in influence, remained a distinctly minority opinion among Jews in the United States until about 1944–45, when the early rumors and reports of the systematic mass murder of the Jews in Nazi-occupied countries became publicly known with the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps. The founding of the modern State of Israel in 1948 and recognition thereof by the American government (following objections by American isolationists) was an indication of both its intrinsic support and its response to learning the horrors of the Holocaust.
This attention was based on a natural affinity toward and support for Israel in the Jewish community. The attention is also because of the ensuing and unresolved conflicts regarding the founding of Israel and the role for the Zionist movement going forward. A lively internal debate commenced, following the Six-Day War. The American Jewish community was divided over whether or not they agreed with the Israeli response; the great majority came to accept the war as necessary. Similar tensions were aroused by the 1977 election of Menachem Begin and the rise of Revisionist policies, the 1982 Lebanon War and the continuing administrative governance of portions of the West Bank territory. Disagreement over Israel's 1993 acceptance of the Oslo Accords caused a further split among American Jews; this mirrored a similar split among Israelis and led to a parallel rift within the pro-Israel lobby, and even ultimately to the United States for its "blind" support of Israel. Abandoning any pretense of unity, both segments began to develop separate advocacy and lobbying organizations. The liberal supporters of the Oslo Accord worked through Americans for Peace Now (APN), Israel Policy Forum (IPF) and other groups friendly to the Labour government in Israel. They tried to assure Congress that American Jewry was behind the Accord and defended the efforts of the administration to help the fledgling Palestinian Authority (PA), including promises of financial aid. In a battle for public opinion, IPF commissioned a number of polls showing widespread support for Oslo among the community.
In opposition to Oslo, an alliance of conservative groups, such as the Zionist Organization of America (ZOA), Americans For a Safe Israel (AFSI), and the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA) tried to counterbalance the power of the liberal Jews. On October 10, 1993, the opponents of the Palestinian-Israeli accord organized at the American Leadership Conference for a Safe Israel, where they warned that Israel was prostrating itself before "an armed thug", and predicted and that the "thirteenth of September is a date that will live in infamy". Some Zionists also criticized, often in harsh language, Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, his foreign minister and chief architect of the peace accord. With the community so strongly divided, AIPAC and the Presidents Conference, which was tasked with representing the national Jewish consensus, struggled to keep the increasingly antagonistic discourse civil. Reflecting these tensions, Abraham Foxman from the Anti-Defamation League was asked by the conference to apologize for criticizing ZOA's Morton Klein. The conference, which under its organizational guidelines was in charge of moderating communal discourse, reluctantly censured some Orthodox spokespeople for attacking Colette Avital, the Labor-appointed Israeli Consul General in New York and an ardent supporter of that version of a peace process.
Demographics
As of 2020, the American Jewish population is, depending on the method of identification, either the largest in the world, or the second-largest in the world (after Israel).
Precise population figures vary depending on whether Jews are accounted for based on halakhic considerations, or secular, political and ancestral identification factors. There were about four million adherents of Judaism in the U.S. as of 2001, approximately 1.4% of the US population. According to the Jewish Agency, for the year 2017 Israel was home to 6.5 million Jews (49.3% of the world's Jewish population), while the United States contained 5.3 million (40.2%).
According to Gallup and Pew Research Center findings, "at maximum 2.2% of the U.S. adult population has some basis for Jewish self-identification."
In 2020, it was estimated by demographers Arnold Dashefsky & Ira M. Sheskin in the American Jewish Yearbook that the American Jewish population totaled 7.15 million, making up 2.17% of the country's 329.5 million inhabitants.
In 2012, demographers estimated the core American Jewish population (including religious and non-religious) to be 5,425,000 (or 1.73% of the US population in 2012), citing methodological failures in the previous higher estimates. Other sources say the number is around 6.5 million.
The American Jewish Yearbook population survey had placed the number of American Jews at 6.4 million, or approximately 2.1% of the total population. This figure is significantly higher than the previous large scale survey estimate, conducted by the 2000–2001 National Jewish Population estimates, which estimated 5.2 million Jews. A 2007 study released by the Steinhardt Social Research Institute (SSRI) at Brandeis University presents evidence to suggest that both these figures may be underestimations with a potential 7.0–7.4 million Americans of Jewish descent. Those higher estimates were however arrived at by including all non-Jewish family members and household members, rather than surveyed individuals. In a 2019 study by Jews of Color Initiative it was found that approximately 12-15% of Jews in the United States, about 1,000,000 of 7,200,000 identify as multiracial and Jews of color.
The population of Americans of Jewish descent is demographically characterized by an aging population composition and low fertility rates significantly below generational replacement.
The National Jewish Population Survey of 1990 asked 4.5 million adult Jews to identify their denomination. The national total showed 38% were affiliated with the Reform tradition, 35% were Conservative, 6% were Orthodox, 1% were Reconstructionists, 10% linked themselves to some other tradition, and 10% said they are "just Jewish." In 2013, Pew Research's Jewish population survey found that 35% of American Jews identified as Reform, 18% as Conservative, 10% as Orthodox, 6% who identified with other sects, and 30% did not identify with a denomination.
A follow-up survey in 2013 showed that 14% of all Jews were actually affiliated with Reform communities, 11% with Conservative, 10% with Orthodox communities and 3% with other communities.
The Ashkenazi Jews, who are 90-95% of American Jews, settled first in and around New York City; in recent decades many have moved to South Florida, Los Angeles and other large metropolitan areas in the Sun Belt region. The metropolitan areas of New York City, Los Angeles, and Miami contain nearly one quarter of the world's Jews.
By state
According to a study published by demographers and sociologists Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky in the American Jewish Yearbook, the distribution of the Jewish population in 2020 was as follows:
Significant Jewish population centers
Although the New York City metropolitan area is the second-largest Jewish population center in the world (after the Tel Aviv metropolitan area in Israel), the Miami metropolitan area has a slightly greater Jewish population on a per-capita basis (9.9% compared to metropolitan New York's 9.3%). Several other major cities have large Jewish communities, including Los Angeles, Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco and Philadelphia. In many metropolitan areas, the majority of Jewish families live in suburban areas. The Greater Phoenix area was home to about 83,000 Jews in 2002, and has been rapidly growing. The greatest Jewish population on a per-capita basis for incorporated areas in the U.S. are Kiryas Joel Village, New York (greater than 93% based on language spoken in home), City of Beverly Hills, California (61%), and Lakewood Township, New Jersey (59%), with two of the incorporated areas, Kiryas Joel and Lakewood, having a high concentration of Haredi Jews, and one incorporated area, Beverly Hills, having a high concentration of non-Orthodox Jews.
The phenomenon of Israeli migration to the U.S. is often termed Yerida. The Israeli immigrant community in America is less widespread. The significant Israeli immigrant communities in the United States are in the New York City metropolitan area, Los Angeles, Miami, and Chicago.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development calculated an 'expatriate rate' of 2.9 persons per thousand, putting Israel in the mid-range of expatriate rates among the 175 OECD countries examined in 2005.
According to the 2001 undertaking of the National Jewish Population Survey, 4.3 million American Jews have some sort of strong connection to the Jewish community, whether religious or cultural.
Distribution of Jewish Americans
According to the North American Jewish Data Bank the 104 counties and independent cities with the largest Jewish communities, as a percentage of population, were:
Assimilation and population changes
These parallel themes have facilitated the extraordinary economic, political, and social success of the American Jewish community, but also have contributed to widespread cultural assimilation. More recently however, the propriety and degree of assimilation has also become a significant and controversial issue within the modern American Jewish community, with both political and religious skeptics.
While not all Jews disapprove of intermarriage, many members of the Jewish community have become concerned that the high rate of interfaith marriage will result in the eventual disappearance of the American Jewish community. Intermarriage rates have risen from roughly 6% in 1950 and 25% in 1974, to approximately 40–50% in the year 2000. By 2013, the intermarriage rate had risen to 71% for non-Orthodox Jews. This, in combination with the comparatively low birthrate in the Jewish community, has led to a 5% decline in the Jewish population of the United States in the 1990s. In addition to this, when compared with the general American population, the American Jewish community is slightly older.
A third of intermarried couples provide their children with a Jewish upbringing, and doing so is more common among intermarried families raising their children in areas with high Jewish populations. The Boston area, for example, is exceptional in that an estimated 60% of children of intermarriages are being raised Jewish, meaning that intermarriage would actually be contributing to a net increase in the number of Jews. As well, some children raised through intermarriage rediscover and embrace their Jewish roots when they themselves marry and have children.
In contrast to the ongoing trends of assimilation, some communities within American Jewry, such as Orthodox Jews, have significantly higher birth rates and lower intermarriage rates, and are growing rapidly. The proportion of Jewish synagogue members who were Orthodox rose from 11% in 1971 to 21% in 2000, while the overall Jewish community declined in number. In 2000, there were 360,000 so-called "ultra-orthodox" (Haredi) Jews in USA (7.2%). The figure for 2006 is estimated at 468,000 (9.4%). Data from the Pew Center shows that, as of 2013, 27% of American Jews under the age of 18 live in Orthodox households, a dramatic increase from Jews aged 18 to 29, only 11% of whom are Orthodox. The UJA-Federation of New York reports that 60% of Jewish children in the New York City area live in Orthodox homes. In addition to economizing and sharing, many Haredi communities depend on government aid to support their high birth rate and large families. The Hasidic village of New Square, New York receives Section8 housing subsidies at a higher rate than the rest of the region, and half of the population in the Hasidic village of Kiryas Joel, New York receive food stamps, while a third receive Medicaid.
About half of the American Jews are considered to be religious. Out of this 2,831,000 religious Jewish population, 92% are non-Hispanic white, 5% Hispanic (Most commonly from Argentina, Venezuela, or Cuba), 1% Asian, 1% black and 1% Other (mixed race etc.). Almost this many non-religious Jews exist in the United States.
Race and ethnicity
The United States Census Bureau classifies most American Jews as white. Jewish people are culturally diverse and may be of any race, ethnicity, or national origin. Many Jews have culturally assimilated into and are phenotypically indistinguishable from the dominant local populations of regions like Europe, the Caucasus and the Crimea, North Africa, West Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, South, East, and Central Asia, and the Americas where they have lived for many centuries. Most American Jews are Ashkenazi Jews who descend from Jewish populations of Central and Eastern Europe and are considered white unless they are Ashkenazi Jews of color. Many American Jews identify themselves as being both Jewish and white, while many solely identify as Jewish, resisting this identification. Several commentators have observed that "many American Jews retain a feeling of ambivalence about whiteness". Karen Brodkin explains this ambivalence as rooted in anxieties about the potential loss of Jewish identity, especially outside of intellectual elites. Similarly, Kenneth Marcus observes a number of ambivalent cultural phenomena which have also been noted by other scholars, and he concludes that "the veneer of whiteness has not established conclusively the racial construction of American Jews". The relationship between Jewish identity and white majority identity continues to be described as "complicated" for many American Jews, particularly Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews of European descent. The issue of Jewish whiteness may be different for many Mizrahi, Sephardi, Black, Asian, and Latino Jews, many of whom may never be considered white by society. Many American white nationalists and white supremacists view all Jews as non-white, even if they are of European descent. Some white nationalists believe that Jews can be white and a small number of white nationalists are Jewish.
In 2013, the Pew Research Center's Portrait of Jewish Americans found that more than 90% of Jews who responded to its survey described themselves as being non-Hispanic whites, 2% described themselves as being black, 3% described themselves as being Hispanic, and 2% described themselves as having other racial or ethnic backgrounds.
Jews by race or ethnicity
Jews of European descent
Jews of European descent, often referred to as white Jews, are classified as white by the US census and have generally been classified as legally white throughout American history. Many American Jews of European descent identify themselves as being both Jewish and white, while others solely identify themselves as being Jewish or identify as both Jewish and non-white. However, Jews of European descent rarely identify as Jews of color and are rarely considered people of color in American society. According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of American Jews are non-Hispanic white Ashkenazi Jews. Law professor David Bernstein has questioned the idea that American Jews were once considered non-white, writing that American Jews were "indeed considered white by law and by custom" despite the fact that they experienced "discrimination, hostility, assertions of inferiority and occasionally even violence." Bernstein notes that Jews were not targeted by laws against interracial marriage, were allowed to attend whites-only schools, and were classified as white in the Jim Crow South. The sociologists Philip Q. Yang and Kavitha Koshy have also questioned what they call the "becoming white thesis", noting that most Jews of European descent have been legally classified as white since the first US census in 1790, were legally white for the purposes of the Naturalization Act of 1790 that limited citizenship to "free White person(s)", and that they could find no legislative or judicial evidence that American Jews had ever been considered non-white.
Several commentators have observed that "many American Jews retain a feeling of ambivalence about whiteness". Karen Brodkin explains this ambivalence as rooted in anxieties about the potential loss of Jewish identity, especially outside of intellectual elites. Similarly, Kenneth Marcus observes a number of ambivalent cultural phenomena which have also been noted by other scholars, and he concludes that "the veneer of whiteness has not established conclusively the racial construction of American Jews". The relationship between American Jews and white majority identity continues to be described as "complicated". Many American white nationalists view Jews as non-white.
Jews of Middle Eastern and North African descent
Jews of Middle Eastern and North African descent (often referred to as Mizrahi Jews) are classified as white by the US census. Mizrahi Jews sometimes identify as Jews of color, but often do not, and they may or may not be considered people of color by society. Syrian Jews rarely identify as Jews of color and are generally not considered Jews of color by society. Many Syrian Jews identify as white, Middle Eastern, or otherwise non-white rather than as Jews of color.
African American Jews
The American Jewish community includes African American Jews and other American Jews who are of African descent, a definition which excludes North African Jewish Americans, who are currently classified by the U.S. Census as being white (although a new category was recommended by the Census Bureau for the 2020 census). Estimates of the number of American Jews of African descent in the United States range from 20,000 to 200,000. Jews of African descent belong to all American Jewish denominations. Like their other Jewish counterparts, some black Jews are atheists.
Notable African-American Jews include Drake, Lenny Kravitz, Lisa Bonet, Sammy Davis Jr., Rashida Jones, Ros Gold-Onwude, Yaphet Kotto, Jordan Farmar, Taylor Mays, Daveed Diggs, Alicia Garza, Tiffany Haddish and rabbis Capers Funnye and Alysa Stanton.
Relations between American Jews of African descent and other Jewish Americans are generally cordial. There are, however, disagreements with a specific minority of Black Hebrew Israelites community from among African-Americans who consider themselves, but not other Jews, to be the true descendants of the ancient Israelites. Black Hebrew Israelites are generally not considered members of the mainstream Jewish community, because they have not formally converted to Judaism, and they are not ethnically related to other Jews. One such group, the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem, emigrated to Israel and was granted permanent residency status there.
Hispanic and Latino American Jews
Hispanic Jews have lived in what is now the United States since colonial times. The earliest Hispanic Jewish settlers were Sephardi Jews from Spain and Portugal. Beginning in the 1500s, some of the Spanish settlers in what is now New Mexico and Texas were Crypto-Jews, but there was no organized Jewish presence. Later waves of Sephardi immigration brought Judeo-Spanish speaking Jews from the Ottoman Empire, in what is now Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Syria. These Spanish-speaking Sephardi Jews are sometimes considered "Hispanic", but are not Latino. Sephardi Jews of European descent, such as the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, are not considered Jews of color and may or may not be considered to be Hispanic or Latino.
Hispanic and Latino American Jews, particularly Hispanic and Latino Ashkenazi Jews, often identify as white rather than as Jews of color. Some Jews with roots in Latin America may not identify as "Hispanic" or "Latino" at all, usually due to their recent European immigrant origins. American Jews of Argentine, Brazilian, and Mexican descent are often Ashkenazi, but some are Sephardi.
Jews divided by Cultural or Jewish Ethnic Division Groupings
Ashkenazi Jews in the United States
Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or, by using the Hebrew plural suffix -im, Ashkenazim are a Jewish diaspora population who coalesced in the Holy Roman Empire around the end of the first millennium. The term "Ashkenazi" refers to Jewish settlers who established communities along the Rhine river in Western Germany and in Northern France dating to the Middle Ages. The traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews is Yiddish (a Germanic language with elements of Hebrew, Aramaic, and Slavic languages), developed after they had moved into northern Europe: beginning with Germany and France in the Middle Ages. For centuries they used Hebrew only as a sacred language, until the revival of Hebrew as a common language in 20th century's Israel. A majority of the Jewish population in the United States are Ashkenazi Jews who descend from diaspora Jewish populations of Central and Eastern Europe. Most American Ashkenazi Jews are non-Hispanic whites, but a minority are Jews of color, Hispanic/Latino, or both. Most African-American Jews are Ashkenazi.
Sephardi Jews in the United States
Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews, Sephardim, or Hispanic Jews by modern scholars, are a Jewish ethnic division originating from traditionally established communities in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Spain and Portugal). The term "Sephardim" also sometimes refers to Mizrahi Jews (Eastern Jewish communities) of Western Asia and North Africa. Although most of this latter group do not have ancestry from the Jewish communities of Iberia, the majority of them were influenced by the Sephardic style of liturgy and Sephardic law and customs from the influence of the Iberian Jewish exiles over the course of the last few centuries (including from the Sephardic Golden Age and the teachings of many Iberian Jewish philosophers). This article deals with Sephardim within the narrower ethnic definition.
Largely expelled from the Iberian Peninsula in the late 15th century, they carried a distinctive Jewish diasporic identity with them to North Africa, including modern day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt; South-Eastern and Southern Europe, including France, Italy, Greece, Bulgaria, and North Macedonia; Western Asia, including Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Iran; as well as the Americas (although in smaller numbers compared to the Ashkenazi Jewish diaspora); and all other places of their exiled settlement. They sometimes settled near existing Jewish communities, such as the one from former Kurdistan, or were the first in new frontiers, with their furthest reach via the Silk Road.
As a result of the more recent Jewish exodus from Arab lands, many of the Sephardim Tehorim from Western Asia and North Africa relocated to either Israel or France, where they form a significant portion of the Jewish communities today. Other significant communities of Sephardim Tehorim also migrated in more recent times from the Near East to New York City, Argentina, Costa Rica, Mexico, Montreal, Gibraltar, Puerto Rico, and Dominican Republic. Because of poverty and turmoil in Latin America, another wave of Sephardic Jews joined other Latin Americans who migrated to the United States, Canada, Spain, and other countries of Europe.
Mizrahi Jews in the United States
Mizrahi Jews () or Mizrahim (), also sometimes referred to as Mizrachi (), Edot HaMizrach (; ) or Oriental Jews, are the descendants of the local Jewish communities that had existed in Western Asia and North Africa from Biblical times into the modern era.
In current usage, the term Mizrahim is almost exclusively applied to descendants of the Middle Eastern Jewish communities from Western Asia and North Africa; in this classification are Iraqi, Kurdish, Lebanese, Syrian, Yemenite, Turkish and Iranian Jews, as well as the descendants of Maghrebi Jews who had lived in North African countries, such as Egyptian, Libyan, Tunisian, Algerian, and Moroccan Jews.
Mizrahim is also sometimes extended to include Jewish communities from the Caucasus and Central Asia, such as Mountain Jews from Dagestan and Azerbaijan, and Bukharan Jews from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. While both communities traditionally speak Judeo-Iranian languages such as Juhuri and Bukharian, these countries were all part of the former Soviet Union, as a result of which many of their descendants also speak Russian to a large extent.
Post-1948, Mizrahi Jewish, mostly thousands from Lebanese, Syrian and Egyptian Jewish descent, as well as some from other Middle East and North African Jewish communities migrated to the United States.
Ethiopian Jews in the United States
The Beta Israel, also known as Ethiopian Jews, are a Jewish community that developed and lived for centuries in the area of the Ethiopian Empire. Most of the Beta Israel community emigrated to Israel in the late 20th century. Since the 1990s, around 1000 Hebrew-speaking, Ethiopian Jews that had settled in Israel as Ethiopian Jews in Israel re-settled in the United States as Ethiopian Americans, with around half of the Ethiopian Jewish Israeli-American community living in New York.
Socioeconomics
Education plays a major role as a part of Jewish identity. As Jewish culture puts a special premium on it and stresses the importance of cultivation of intellectual pursuits, scholarship, and learning, American Jews as a group tend to be better educated and earn more than Americans as a whole. Jewish Americans also have an average of 14.7 years of schooling making them the most highly educated of all major religious groups in the United States.
Forty-four percent (55% of Reform Jews) report family incomes of over $100,000 compared to 19% of all Americans, with the next highest group being Hindus at 43%. And while 27% of Americans have a four-year university or postgraduate education, fifty-nine percent (66% of Reform Jews) of American Jews have, the second highest of any ethnic groups after Indian-Americans. 75% of American Jews have achieved some form of post-secondary education if two-year vocational and community college diplomas and certificates are also included.
31% of American Jews hold a graduate degree; this figure is compared with the general American population where 11% of Americans hold a graduate degree. White collar professional jobs have been attractive to Jews and much of the community tend to take up professional white collar careers requiring tertiary education involving formal credentials where the respectability and reputability of professional jobs is highly prized within Jewish culture. While 46% of Americans work in professional and managerial jobs, 61% of American Jews work as professionals, many of whom are highly educated, salaried professionals whose work is largely self-directed in management, professional, and related occupations such as engineering, science, medicine, investment banking, finance, law, and academia.
Much of the Jewish American community lead middle class lifestyles. While the median household net worth of the typical American family is $99,500, among American Jews the figure is $443,000. In addition, the median Jewish American income is estimated to be in the range of $97,000 to $98,000, nearly twice as high the American national median. Either of these two statistics may be confounded by the fact that the Jewish population is on average older than other religious groups in the country, with 51% of polled adults over the age of 50 compared to 41% nationally. Older people tend to both have higher income and be more highly educated. By 2016, Modern Orthodox Jews had a median household income of $158,000, while Open Orthodox Jews had a median household income at $185,000 (compared to the American median household income of $59,000 for 2016).
As a whole, American and Canadian Jews donate more than $9billion a year to charity. This reflects Jewish traditions of supporting social services as a way of living out the dictates of Jewish law. Most of the charities that benefit are not specifically Jewish organizations.
While the median income of Jewish Americans is high, some Jewish communities have high levels of poverty. In the New York area, there are approximately 560,000 Jews living in poor or near-poor households, representing about 20% of the New York metropolitan Jewish community. Jewish people affected by poverty are disproportionately likely to be children, young adults, the elderly, people with low educational attainment, part-time workers, immigrants from the former Soviet Union, immigrants without American citizenship, Holocaust survivors, Orthodox families, and single adults including single parents. Disability is a major factor in the socioeconomic status of disabled Jews. Disabled Jews are significantly more likely to be low-income compared to able-bodied Jews, while high-income Jews are significantly less likely to be disabled. Secular Jews, Jews of no denomination, and people who identify as "just Jewish" are also more likely to live in poverty compared to Jews affiliated with a religious denomination.
According to analysis by Gallup, American Jews have the highest well-being of any ethnic or religious group in America.
The great majority of school-age Jewish students attend public schools, although Jewish day schools and yeshivas are to be found throughout the country. Jewish cultural studies and Hebrew language instruction is also commonly offered at synagogues in the form of supplementary Hebrew schools or Sunday schools.
From the early 1900s until the 1950s, quota systems were imposed at elite colleges and universities particularly in the Northeast, as a response to the growing number of children of recent Jewish immigrants; these limited the number of Jewish students accepted, and greatly reduced their previous attendance. Jewish enrollment at Cornell's School of Medicine fell from 40% to 4% between the world wars, and Harvard's fell from 30% to 4%. Before 1945, only a few Jewish professors were permitted as instructors at elite universities. In 1941, for example, antisemitism drove Milton Friedman from a non-tenured assistant professorship at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Harry Levin became the first Jewish full professor in the Harvard English department in 1943, but the Economics department decided not to hire Paul Samuelson in 1948. Harvard hired its first Jewish biochemists in 1954.
According to Clark Kerr, Martin Meyerson in 1965 became the first Jew to serve, albeit temporarily, as the leader of a major American research university. That year, Meyerson served as acting chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley, but was unable to obtain a permanent appointment as a result of a combination of tactical errors on his part and antisemitism on the UC Board of Regents. Meyerson served as the president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1970 to 1981.
By 1986, a third of the presidents of the elite undergraduate final clubs at Harvard were Jewish. Rick Levin was president of Yale University from 1993 to 2013, Judith Rodin was president of the University of Pennsylvania from 1994 to 2004 (and is currently president of the Rockefeller Foundation), Paul Samuelson's nephew, Lawrence Summers, was president of Harvard University from 2001 until 2006, and Harold Shapiro was president of Princeton University from 1992 until 2000.
American Jews at American higher education institutions
Religion
Jewishness in the United States is considered an ethnic identity as well as a religious one. See ethnoreligious group.
Observances and engagement
The American Jews' majority continues to identify themselves with Judaism and its main traditions, such as Conservative, Orthodox and Reform Judaism. But, already in the 1980s, 20–30 percent of members of largest Jewish communities, such as of New York City, Chicago, Miami, and others, rejected a denominational label.
According to the 1990 National Jewish Population Survey, 38% of Jews were affiliated with the Reform tradition, 35% were Conservative, 6% were Orthodox, 1% were Reconstructionists, 10% linked themselves to some other tradition, and 10% said they are "just Jewish".
Jewish religious practice in America is quite varied. Among the 4.3 million American Jews described as "strongly connected" to Judaism, over 80% report some sort of active engagement with Judaism, ranging from attending at daily prayer services on one end of the spectrum, to as little as attending only Passover Seders or lighting Hanukkah candles on the other.
A 2003 Harris Poll found that 16% of American Jews go to the synagogue at least once a month, 42% go less frequently but at least once a year, and 42% go less frequently than once a year.
The survey found that of the 4.3 million strongly connected Jews, 46% belong to a synagogue. Among those households who belong to a synagogue, 38% are members of Reform synagogues, 33% Conservative, 22% Orthodox, 2% Reconstructionist, and 5% other types.
Traditionally, Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews do not have different branches (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, etc.) but usually remain observant and religious. However, their synagogues are generally considered Orthodox or Sephardic Haredim by non-Sephardic Jews. But, not all Sephardim are Orthodox; among the pioneers of Reform Judaism movement in the 1820s there was the Sephardic congregation Beth Elohim in Charleston, South Carolina.
The survey discovered that Jews in the Northeast and Midwest are generally more observant than Jews in the South or West. Reflecting a trend also observed among other religious groups, Jews in the Northwestern United States are typically the least observant.
In recent years, there has been a noticeable trend of secular American Jews returning to a more observant, in most cases, Orthodox, lifestyle. Such Jews are called baalei teshuva ("returners", see also Repentance in Judaism).
The 2008 American Religious Identification Survey found that around 3.4 million American Jews call themselves religious—out of a general Jewish population of about 5.4 million. The number of Jews who identify themselves as only culturally Jewish has risen from 20% in 1990 to 37% in 2008, according to the study. In the same period, the number of all US adults who said they had no religion rose from 8% to 15%. Jews are more likely to be secular than Americans in general, the researchers said. About half of all US Jews—including those who consider themselves religiously observant—claim in the survey that they have a secular worldview and see no contradiction between that outlook and their faith, according to the study's authors. Researchers attribute the trends among American Jews to the high rate of intermarriage and "disaffection from Judaism" in the United States.
Religious beliefs
American Jews are more likely to be atheists or agnostics than most Americans, especially when they are compared with American Protestants or Catholics. A 2003 poll found that while 79% of Americans believe in God, only 48% of American Jews do, compared to 79% and 90% of American Catholics and Protestants respectively. While 66% of Americans said that they were "absolutely certain" of God's existence, 24% of American Jews said the same. And though 9% of Americans believe that there is no God (8% of American Catholics and 4% of American Protestants), 19% of American Jews believe that God does not exist.
A 2009 Harris Poll showed that American Jews constitute the one religious group which is most accepting of the science of evolution, with 80% accepting evolution, compared to 51% for Catholics, 32% for Protestants, and 16% of born-again Christians. They were also less likely to believe in supernatural phenomena such as miracles, angels, or heaven.
A 2013 Pew Research Center report found that 1.7 million American Jewish adults, 1.6 million of whom were raised in Jewish homes or had Jewish ancestry, identified as Christians or Messianic Jews but also consider themselves ethnically Jewish. Another 700,000 American Christian adults considered themselves "Jews by affinity" or "grafted-in" Jews.
Buddhism
Jewish Buddhists are overrepresented among American Buddhists; this is specifically the case among those Jews whose parents are not Buddhist, and those Jews who are without a Buddhist heritage, with between one fifth and 30% of all American Buddhists identifying as Jewish though only 2% of Americans are Jewish. Nicknamed Jubus, an increasing number of American Jews have started to adopt Buddhist spiritual practices, while at the same time, they are continuing to identify with and practice Judaism. It may be the individual practices both Judaism and Buddhism. Notable American Jewish Buddhists include: Robert Downey Jr. Allen Ginsberg, Linda Pritzker, Jonathan F.P. Rose, Goldie Hawn and daughter Kate Hudson, Steven Seagal, Adam Yauch of the rap group The Beastie Boys, and Garry Shandling. Film makers the Coen Brothers have been influenced by Buddhism as well for a time.
Contemporary politics
Today, American Jews are a distinctive and influential group in the nation's politics. Jeffrey S. Helmreich writes that the ability of American Jews to effect this through political or financial clout is overestimated, that the primary influence lies in the group's voting patterns.
"Jews have devoted themselves to politics with almost religious fervor," writes Mitchell Bard, who adds that Jews have the highest percentage voter turnout of any ethnic group (84% reported being registered to vote).
Though the majority (60–70%) of the country's Jews identify as Democratic, Jews span the political spectrum, with those at higher levels of observance being far more likely to vote Republican than their less observant and secular counterparts.
Owing to high Democratic identification in the 2008 United States Presidential Election, 78% of Jews voted for Democrat Barack Obama versus 21% for Republican John McCain, despite Republican attempts to connect Obama to Muslim and pro-Palestinian causes. It has been suggested that running mate Sarah Palin's conservative views on social issues may have nudged Jews away from the McCain–Palin ticket. In the 2012 United States presidential election, 69% of Jews voted for the Democratic incumbent President Obama.
In 2019, after the 2016 election of Donald Trump, poll data from the Jewish Electorate Institute showed that 73% of Jewish voters felt less secure as Jews than before, 71% disapproved of Trump's handling of anti-Semitism (54% strongly disapprove), 59% felt that he bears "at least some responsibility" for the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting and Poway synagogue shooting, and 38% were concerned that Trump was encouraging right-wing extremism. Views of the Democratic and Republican parties were milder: 28% were concerned that Republicans were making alliances with white nationalists and tolerating anti-Semitism within their ranks, while 27% were concerned that Democrats were tolerating anti-Semitism within their ranks.
In the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election, 77% of American Jews voted for Joe Biden, while 22% voted for Donald Trump.
Foreign policy
American Jews have displayed a very strong interest in foreign affairs, especially regarding Germany in the 1930s, and Israel since 1945. Both major parties have made strong commitments in support of Israel. Dr. Eric Uslaner of the University of Maryland argues, with regard to the 2004 election: "Only 15% of Jews said that Israel was a key voting issue. Among those voters, 55% voted for Kerry (compared to 83% of Jewish voters not concerned with Israel)." Uslander goes on to point out that negative views of Evangelical Christians had a distinctly negative impact for Republicans among Jewish voters, while Orthodox Jews, traditionally more conservative in outlook as to social issues, favored the Republican Party. A New York Times article suggests that the Jewish movement to the Republican party is focused heavily on faith-based issues, similar to the Catholic vote, which is credited for helping President Bush taking Florida in 2004. However, Natan Guttman, The Forwards Washington bureau chief, dismisses this notion, writing in Moment that while "[i]t is true that Republicans are making small and steady strides into the Jewish community... a look at the past three decades of exit polls, which are more reliable than pre-election polls, and the numbers are clear: Jews vote overwhelmingly Democratic," an assertion confirmed by the most recent presidential election results.
Jewish Americans were more strongly opposed to the Iraq War from its onset than any other ethnic group, or even most Americans. The greater opposition to the war was not simply a result of high Democratic identification among Jewish Americans, as Jewish Americans of all political persuasions were more likely to oppose the war than non-Jews who shared the same political leanings.
Domestic issues
A 2013 Pew Research Center survey suggests that American Jews' views on domestic politics are intertwined with the community's self-definition as a persecuted minority who benefited from the liberties and societal shifts in the United States and feel obligated to help other minorities enjoy the same benefits. American Jews across age and gender lines tend to vote for and support politicians and policies which are supported by the Democratic Party. On the other hand, Orthodox American Jews have domestic political views which are more similar to those of their religious Christian neighbors.
American Jews are largely supportive of LGBT rights with 79% responding in a 2011 Pew poll that homosexuality should be "accepted by society", while the overall average in the same 2011 poll among Americans of all demographic groups was that 50%. A split on homosexuality exists by level of observance. Reform rabbis in America perform same-sex marriages as a matter of routine, and there are fifteen LGBT Jewish congregations in North America. Reform, Reconstructionist and, increasingly, Conservative, Jews are far more supportive on issues like gay marriage than Orthodox Jews are. A 2007 survey of Conservative Jewish leaders and activists showed that an overwhelming majority supported gay rabbinical ordination and same-sex marriage. Accordingly, 78% of Jewish voters rejected Prop8, the bill that banned gay marriage in California. No other ethnic or religious group voted as strongly against it.
A 2014 Pew poll found that American Jews mostly support abortion rights, with 83% answering that abortion should be legal in all or most cases.
In considering the trade-off between the economy and environmental protection, American Jews were significantly more likely than other religious groups (excepting Buddhism) to favor stronger environmental protection.
Jews in America also overwhelmingly oppose current United States marijuana policy. In 2009, eighty-six percent of Jewish Americans opposed arresting nonviolent marijuana smokers, compared to 61% for the population at large and 68% of all Democrats. Additionally, 85% of Jews in the United States opposed using federal law enforcement to close patient cooperatives for medical marijuana in states where medical marijuana is legal, compared to 67% of the population at large and 73% of Democrats.
A 2014 Pew Research survey titled "How Americans Feel About Religious Groups", found that Jews were viewed the most favorably of all other groups, with a rating of 63 out of 100. Jews were viewed most positively by fellow Jews, followed by white Evangelicals. Sixty percent of the 3,200 persons surveyed said they had ever met a Jew.
Jewish American culture
Since the time of the last major wave of Jewish immigration to America (over 2,000,000 Jews from Eastern Europe who arrived between 1890 and 1924), Jewish secular culture in the United States has become integrated in almost every important way with the broader American culture. Many aspects of Jewish American culture have, in turn, become part of the wider culture of the United States.
Language
Most American Jews today are native English speakers. A variety of other languages are still spoken within some American Jewish communities that are representative of the various Jewish ethnic divisions from around the world that have come together to make up all of America's Jewish population.
Many of America's Hasidic Jews, being exclusively of Ashkenazi descent, are raised speaking Yiddish. Yiddish was once spoken as the primary language by most of the several million Ashkenazi Jews who migrated to the United States. It was, in fact, the original language in which The Forward was published. Yiddish has had an influence on American English, and words borrowed from it include chutzpah ("effrontery", "gall"), nosh ("snack"), schlep ("drag"), schmuck ("an obnoxious, contemptible person", euphemism for "penis"), and, depending on idiolect, hundreds of other terms. (See also Yinglish.)
Many Mizrahi Jews, including those from Arab countries such as Syria, Egypt, Iraq, Yemen, Morocco, Libya, etc. speak Arabic. There are communities of Mizrahim in Brooklyn. The town of Deal, New Jersey, is notably mostly Syrian-Jewish, with many of them Orthodox.
The Persian Jewish community in the United States, notably the large community in and around Los Angeles and Beverly Hills, California, primarily speak Persian (see also Judeo-Persian) in the home and synagogue. They also support their own Persian language newspapers. Persian Jews also reside in eastern parts of New York such as Kew Gardens and Great Neck, Long Island.
Many recent Jewish immigrants from the Soviet Union speak primarily Russian at home, and there are several notable communities where public life and business are carried out mainly in Russian, such as in Brighton Beach in New York City and Sunny Isles Beach in Florida. 2010 estimates of the number of Jewish Russian-speaking households in the New York city area are around 92,000, and the number of individuals are somewhere between 223,000 and 350,000. Another high population of Russian Jews can be found in the Richmond District of San Francisco where Russian markets stand alongside the numerous Asian businesses.
American Bukharan Jews speak Bukhori, a dialect of Tajik Persian. They publish their own newspapers such as the Bukharian Times and a large portion live in Queens, New York. Forest Hills in the New York City borough of Queens is home to 108th Street, which is called by some "Bukharian Broadway", a reference to the many stores and restaurants found on and around the street that have Bukharian influences. Many Bukharians are also represented in parts of Arizona, Miami, Florida, and areas of Southern California such as San Diego.
There is a sizeable Mountain Jewish population in Brooklyn, New York that speaks Judeo-Tat (Juhuri), a dialect of Persian.
Classical Hebrew is the language of most Jewish religious literature, such as the Tanakh (Bible) and Siddur (prayerbook). Modern Hebrew is also the primary official language of the modern State of Israel, which further encourages many to learn it as a second language. Some recent Israeli immigrants to America speak Hebrew as their primary language.
There are a diversity of Hispanic Jews living in America. The oldest community is that of the Sephardi Jews of New Netherland. Their ancestors had fled Spain or Portugal during the Inquisition for the Netherlands, and then came to New Netherland. Though there is dispute over whether they should be considered Hispanic. Some Hispanic Jews, particularly in Miami and Los Angeles, immigrated from Latin America. The largest groups are those that fled Cuba after the communist revolution (known as Jewbans), Argentine Jews, and more recently, Venezuelan Jews. Argentina is the Latin American country with the largest Jewish population. There are a large number of synagogues in the Miami area that give services in Spanish. The last Hispanic Jewish community would be those that recently came from Portugal or Spain, after Spain and Portugal granted citizenship to the descendants of Jews who fled during the Inquisition. All the above listed Hispanic Jewish groups speak either Spanish or Ladino.
Jewish American literature
Although American Jews have contributed greatly to American arts in general, there still remains a distinctly Jewish American literature. Jewish American literature often explores the experience of being a Jew in America, and the conflicting pulls of secular society and history.
Popular culture
Yiddish theater was very well attended, and provided a training ground for performers and producers who moved to Hollywood in the 1920s. Many of the early Hollywood moguls and pioneers were Jewish. They played roles in the development of radio and television networks, typified by William S. Paley who ran CBS. Stephen J. Whitfield states that "The Sarnoff family was long dominant at NBC."
Many individual Jews have made significant contributions to American popular culture. There have been many Jewish American actors and performers, ranging from early 1900s actors, to classic Hollywood film stars, and culminating in many currently known actors. The field of American comedy includes many Jews. The legacy also includes songwriters and authors, for example the author of the song "Viva Las Vegas" Doc Pomus, or Billy the Kid composer Aaron Copland. Many Jews have been at the forefront of women's issues.
There were 110 Jewish players in Major League Baseball between 1870 and 1881. The first generation of Jewish Americans who immigrated during the 1880–1924 peak period were not interested in baseball, and in some cases tried to prevent their children from watching or participating in baseball-related activities. Most were focused on making sure they and their children took advantage of education and employment opportunities. Despite the efforts of parents, Jewish children became interested in baseball quickly since it was already embedded in the broader American culture. The second generation of immigrants saw baseball as a means to celebrate American culture without abandoning their broader religious community. After 1924, many Yiddish newspapers began covering baseball, which they had not done previously.
Government and military
Since 1845, a total of 34 Jews have served in the Senate, including the 14 present-day senators noted above. Judah P. Benjamin was the first practicing Jewish Senator, and would later serve as Confederate Secretary of War and Secretary of State during the Civil War. Rahm Emanuel served as Chief of Staff to President Barack Obama. The number of Jews elected to the House rose to an all-time high of 30. Eight Jews have been appointed to the United States Supreme Court, of which one (Elena Kagan) is currently serving. Had Merrick Garland's 2016 nomination been accepted, that number would have risen to four out of nine since Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer were also serving at that time.
The Civil War marked a transition for American Jews. It killed off the antisemitic canard, widespread in Europe, to the effect that Jews are cowardly, preferring to run from war rather than serve alongside their fellow citizens in battle.
At least twenty eight American Jews have been awarded the Medal of Honor.
World War II
More than 550,000 Jews served in the U.S. military during World War II; about 11,000 of them were killed and more than 40,000 of them were wounded. There were three recipients of the Medal of Honor; 157 recipients of the Army Distinguished Service Medal, Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Distinguished Service Cross, or Navy Cross; and about 1600 recipients of the Silver Star. About 50,000 other decorations and awards were given to Jewish military personnel, making a total of 52,000 decorations. During this period, Jews were approximately 3.3 percent of the total U.S. population but they constituted about 4.23 percent of the U.S. armed forces. About 60 percent of all Jewish physicians in the United States who were under 45 years of age were in service as military physicians and medics.
Many Jewish physicists, including J. Robert Oppenheimer, were involved in the Manhattan Project, the secret World War II effort to develop the atomic bomb. Many of these physicists were refugees from Nazi Germany or they were refugees from antisemitic persecution which was also occurring elsewhere in Europe.
American folk music
Jews have been involved in the American folk music scene since the late 19th century; these tended to be refugees from Central and Eastern Europe, and significantly more economically disadvantaged than their established Western European Sephardic coreligionists. Historians see it as a legacy of the secular Yiddish theater, cantorial traditions and a desire to assimilate. By the 1940s Jews had become established in the American folk music scene.
Examples of the major impact Jews have had in the American folk music arena include, but are not limited to: Moe Asch the first to record and release much of the music of Woody Guthrie, including "This Land is Your Land" (see The Asch Recordings) in response to Irving Berlin's "God Bless America", and Guthrie wrote Jewish songs. Guthrie married a Jew and their son Arlo became influential in his own right. Asch's one-man corporation Folkways Records also released much of the music of Leadbelly and Pete Seeger from the '40s and '50s. Asch's large music catalog was voluntarily donated to the Smithsonian.
Jews have also thrived in Jazz music and contributed to its popularization.
Three of the four creators of the Newport Folk Festival, Wein, Bikel and Grossman (Seeger is not) were Jewish. Albert Grossman put together Peter, Paul and Mary, of which Yarrow is Jewish. Oscar Brand, from a Canadian Jewish family, has the longest running radio program "Oscar Brand's Folksong Festival" which has been on air consecutively since 1945 from New York City. And is the first American broadcast where the host himself will answer any personal correspondence.
The influential group The Weavers, successor to the Almanac Singers, led by Pete Seeger, had a Jewish manager, and two of the four members of the group were Jewish (Gilbert and Hellerman). The B-side of "Good Night Irene" had the Hebrew folk song personally chosen for the record by Pete Seeger "Tzena, Tzena, Tzena".
The influential folk music magazine Sing Out! was co-founded and edited by Irwin Silber in 1951, and edited by him until 1967, when the magazine stopped publication for decades. Rolling Stone magazine's first music critic Jon Landau is of German Jewish descent. Izzy Young who created the legendary Folklore Center in New York, and currently the Folklore Centrum near Mariatorget in Södermalm, Sweden, which relates to American and Swedish folk music.
Dave Van Ronk observed that the behind the scenes 1950s folk scene "was at the very least 50 percent Jewish, and they adopted the music as part of their assimilation into the Anglo-American tradition which itself was largely an artificial construct but none the less provided us with some common ground".
Nobel Prize winner Bob Dylan is also Jewish.
Finance and law
Jews have been involved in financial services since the colonial era. They received rights to trade fur, from the Dutch and Swedish colonies. British governors honored these rights after taking over. During the Revolutionary War, Haym Solomon helped create America's first semi-central bank, and advised Alexander Hamilton on the building of America's financial system.
American Jews in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries played a major role in developing America's financial services industry, both at investment banks and with investment funds. German Jewish bankers began to assume a major role in American finance in the 1830s when government and private borrowing to pay for canals, railroads and other internal improvements increased rapidly and significantly. Men such as August Belmont (Rothschild's agent in New York and a leading Democrat), Philip Speyer, Jacob Schiff (at Kuhn, Loeb & Company), Joseph Seligman, Philip Lehman (of Lehman Brothers), Jules Bache, and Marcus Goldman (of Goldman Sachs) illustrate this financial elite. As was true of their non-Jewish counterparts, family, personal, and business connections, a reputation for honesty and integrity, ability, and a willingness to take calculated risks were essential to recruit capital from widely scattered sources. The families and the firms which they controlled were bound together by religious and social factors, and by the prevalence of intermarriage. These personal ties fulfilled real business functions before the advent of institutional organization in the 20th century. Antisemitic elements often falsely targeted them as key players in a supposed Jewish cabal conspiring to dominate the world.
Since the late 20th century, Jews have played a major role in the hedge fund industry, according to Zuckerman (2009). Thus SAC Capital Advisors, Soros Fund Management, Och-Ziff Capital Management, GLG Partners Renaissance Technologies and Elliott Management Corporation are large hedge funds cofounded by Jews. They have also played a pivotal role in the private equity industry, co-founding some of the largest firms in the United States, such as Blackstone, Cerberus Capital Management, TPG Capital, BlackRock, Carlyle Group, Warburg Pincus, and KKR.
Very few Jewish lawyers were hired by White Anglo-Saxon Protestant ("WASP") upscale white-shoe law firms, but they started their own. The WASP dominance in law ended when a number of major Jewish law firms attained elite status in dealing with top-ranked corporations. As late as 1950 there was not a single large Jewish law firm in New York City. However, by 1965 six of the 20 largest firms were Jewish; by 1980 four of the ten largest were Jewish.
Federal Reserve
Paul Warburg, one of the leading advocates of the establishment of a central bank in the United States and one of the first governors of the newly established Federal Reserve System, came from a prominent Jewish family in Germany. Since then, several Jews have served as chairmen of the Fed, including Eugene Meyer, Arthur F. Burns, Alan Greenspan, Ben Bernanke and Janet Yellen.
Science, business, and academia
With the Jewish penchant to be drawn to white collar professional jobs and having excelled at intellectual pursuits, many Jews have also become remarkably successful as an entrepreneurial and professional minority in the United States. Many Jewish family businesses that are passed down from one generation to the next serve as an asset, source of income and layer a strong financial groundwork for the family's overall socioeconomic prosperity. Within the Jewish American cultural sphere, Jewish Americans have also developed a strong culture of entrepreneurship, for excellence in entrepreneurship and engagement in business and commerce is highly prized in Jewish culture. American Jews have also been drawn to various disciplines within academia such as physics, sociology, economics, psychology, mathematics, philosophy and linguistics (see Secular Jewish culture for some of the causes), and have played a disproportionate role in numerous academic domains. Jewish American intellectuals such as Saul Bellow, Ayn Rand, Noam Chomsky, Thomas Friedman, and Elie Wiesel have made a major impact within mainstream American public life. Of American Nobel Prize winners, 37 percent have been Jewish Americans (18 times the percentage of Jews in the population), as have been 61 percent of the John Bates Clark Medal in economics recipients (thirty-five times the Jewish percentage).
In the business world, it was found in 1995 that while Jewish Americans constituted less than 2.5 percent of the U.S. population, they occupied 7.7 percent of board seats at various U.S. corporations. American Jews also have a strong presence in NBA ownership. Of the 30 teams in the NBA, there are 14 Jewish principal owners. Several Jews have served as NBA commissioners including prior NBA commissioner David Stern and current commissioner Adam Silver.
Since many careers in science, business, and academia generally pay well, Jewish Americans also tend to have a somewhat higher average income than most Americans. The 2000–2001 National Jewish Population Survey shows that the median income of a Jewish family is $54,000 a year ($5,000 more than the average family) and 34% of Jewish households report income over $75,000 a year.
Food
Jewish American people have had a large effect on the cuisine of the United States. Common foods eaten by Jewish Americans are bagels, knish, gefilte fish, kreplach, matzoh ball soup, hamantash, lox, kugel, pastrami, brisket, and manischewitz.
Notable people
See also
Jews in New York City
American Jewish cuisine
Israeli Americans
Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America
List of Jewish political milestones in the United States
National Museum of American Jewish Military History
Jews in Los Angeles
Jews in Maine
History of Jews in the United States
Perpetual foreigner stereotype in America
Stereotypes of Jews
Notes
References
Bibliography
General works
Faber, Eli. A Time for Planting: The First Migration, 1654–1820 (Vol. 1)
Diner, Hasia R. A Time for Gathering: The Second Migration, 1820–1880 (Vol. 2)
Sorin, Gerald. A Time for Building: The Third Migration, 1880–1920 (Vol. 3)
Feingold, Henry L. A Time for Searching: Entering the Mainstream, 1920–1945 (Vol. 4)
Shapiro, Edward S. A Time for Healing: American Jewry since World War II, (Vol. 5)
Sorin, Gerald (1997). Tradition Transformed: The Jewish Experience in America.
Historiography and memory
Barnett, Michael N. 2016. The Star and the Stripes: A History of the Foreign Policies of American Jews. Princeton University Press.
Diner, Hasia et al. Her works praise her: a history of Jewish women in America from colonial times to the present (2002)
Diner, Hasia. The Jews of the United States, 1654 to 2000 (2004) online
Fried, Lewis, et al., eds. Handbook of American-Jewish literature: an analytical guide to topics, themes, and sources (Greenwood Press, 1988)
Howe, Irving. World of our Fathers: The journey of the East European Jews to America and the life they found and made (1976)
Hyman, Paula, and Deborah Dash Moore, eds. Jewish Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. 1997
Lederhendler, Eli. American Jewry: A New History (Cambridge UP, 2017). 331 pp.
Marcus, Jacob Rader. The American Jew, 1585–1990: a history (1995) online.
Marcus, Jacob Rader. The American Jewish woman, 1654–1980 (1981) online
Norwood, Stephen H., and Eunice G. Pollack, eds. Encyclopedia of American Jewish history (2 vol 2007), 775pp; comprehenisive coverage by experts; excerpt and text search vol 1
Robinson, Ira. "The Invention of American Jewish History." American Jewish History (1994): 309–320. in JSTOR
Wenger, Beth S. History Lessons: The Creation of American Jewish Heritage (2012) excerpt
Whitfield, Stephen J. In Search of American Jewish Culture. 1999
Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim. Zakhor: Jewish History and Jewish Memory (University of Washington Press, 2012)
Politics
Dollinger, Marc. Quest for Inclusion: Jews and Liberalism in Modern America. 2000.
Feingold, Henry L. American Jewish Political Culture and the Liberal Persuasion (Syracuse University Press; 2014) 384 pages; traces the history, dominance, and motivations of liberalism in the American Jewish political culture, and look at concerns about Israel and memories of the Holocaust.
Goren, Arthur. The Politics and Public Culture of American Jews. 1999.
Maisel, Louis Sandy; Forman, Ira N.; Altschiller, Donald; Bassett, Charles Walker (2004). Jews in American politics: essays. Rowman & Littlefield.
Moore, Deborah Dash (2008). American Jewish Identity Politics. University of Michigan Press.
Svonkin, Stuart (1997). Jews against Prejudice: American Jews and the Fight for Civil Liberties.
Religions
Cohen, Naomi (1992). Jews in Christian America: The Pursuit of Religious Equality.
Eisen, Arnold M. (1983). The Chosen People in America: A Study in Jewish Religious Ideology.
Etengoff, C. (2011). An Exploration of religious gender differences amongst Jewish-American emerging adults of different socio-religious subgroups. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 33. pp. 371–391.
Glazer, Nathan (1989). American Judaism. (2nd ed.).
Heilman, Samuel C.; Cohen, Steven M. (1989). Cosmopolitans and Parochials: Modern Orthodox Jews in America. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press. .
Kaufman, David (1999). Shul with a Pool: The "synagogue-center" in American Jewish History. Brandeis University Press.
Liebman, Charles S. (1974). Aspects of the Religious Behavior of American Jews. New York: KTAV Publ. House.
Liebman, Charles S. (1988). Deceptive Images: Toward a Redefinition of American Judaism. Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publ.
Mayer, Egon; Kosmin, Barry; Keysar, Ariela. "The American Jewish Identity Survey", a subset of The American Religious Identity Survey, City University of New York Graduate Center. An article on this survey is printed in The New York Jewish Week, 2 November 2001.
(archived)
[ Reprint]: New York: KTAV Publ. House, 1978.
Neusner, Jacob (1981). Judaism in the American Humanities. Brown Judaic Studies. Chico: Scholars Press.
Neusner, Jacob (1983). Judaism in the American Humanities. Second Series. Jewish Learning and the New Humanities. Brown Judaic Studies. Chico: Scholars Press.
Shokeid, Moshe (1995). A Gay Synagogue in New York. New York: Columbia University Press. ([ Reprint]: Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002).
Waxman, Chaim I. (2002). "What We Don't Know about the Judaism of America's Jews." Contemporary Jewry, 23. pp. 72–95. Uses survey data to map the religious beliefs of American Jews, 1973–2002.
Other topics
Antler, Joyce, ed. (1998). Talking Back: Images of Jewish Women in American Popular Culture.
Cutler, Irving. (1995). The Jews of Chicago: From Shtetl to Suburb.
Dinnerstein, Leonard (1994). Antisemitism in America.
Heilman, Samuel C. Portrait of American Jews: The Last Half of the 20th Century.
Kobrin, Rebecca, ed. Chosen Capital: The Jewish Encounter With American Capitalism (Rutgers University Press; 2012) 311 pages; scholarly essays on the liquor, real-estate, and scrap-metal industries, and Jews as union organizers.
Liebman, Charles S. (2001). Ambivalent American Jew: Politics, Religion, and Family in American Jewish Life, Varda Books.
Liebman, Charles S.; Argov, Merkaz (2001). A Research Agenda for American Jews. Ramat Gan: Bar-Ilan University, Dept. of Political Studies.
Moore, Deborah Dash. To the Golden Cities: Pursuing the American Jewish Dream in Miami and L. A. 1994.
Moore, Deborah Dash. GI Jews: How World War II Changed a Generation (2006).
Morawska, Ewa (1999). Insecure Prosperity: Small-Town Jews in Industrial America, 1890–1940. Princeton University Press.
Novick, Peter. The Holocaust in American Life. 1999.
Sourcebooks
American Jewish Committee. American Jewish Yearbook: The Annual Record of Jewish Civilization (annual, 1899–2012+),complete text online 1899–2007; long sophisticated essays on status of Jews in U.S. and worldwide; the standard primary source used by historians.
Marcus, Jacob Rader, ed. The American Jewish Woman, A Documentary History (Ktav 1981).
Schappes, Morris Urman, ed. A documentary history of the Jews in the United States, 1654–1875 (Citadel Press, 1952).
Staub, Michael E. ed. The Jewish 1960s: An American Sourcebook University Press of New England, 2004; 371 pp. online review
External links
American Jewish Historical Society
American Jewish Archives
American Jewish Congress
American Jewish World Service
Jewish Federations of North America
My Jewish Learning: American Jewish Life
Jewish population growth in the United States – The Literary Digest (1922)
The Berman Jewish Databank @ The Jewish Federations of North America
American Jews
American people of Jewish descent
Multiracial ethnic groups in the United States
Ethnic groups in the United States |
Brachiopods (), phylum Brachiopoda, are a phylum of trochozoan animals that have hard "valves" (shells) on the upper and lower surfaces, unlike the left and right arrangement in bivalve molluscs. Brachiopod valves are hinged at the rear end, while the front can be opened for feeding or closed for protection. Two major categories are traditionally recognized, articulate and inarticulate brachiopods. The word "articulate" is used to describe the tooth-and-groove structures of the valve-hinge which is present in the articulate group, and absent from the inarticulate group. This is the leading diagnostic skeletal feature, by which the two main groups can be readily distinguished as fossils. Articulate brachiopods have toothed hinges and simple, vertically oriented opening and closing muscles. Conversely, inarticulate brachiopods have weak, untoothed hinges and a more complex system of vertical and oblique (diagonal) muscles used to keep the two valves aligned. In many brachiopods, a stalk-like pedicle projects from an opening near the hinge of one of the valves, known as the pedicle or ventral valve. The pedicle, when present, keeps the animal anchored to the seabed but clear of sediment which would obstruct the opening.
Brachiopod lifespans range from three to over thirty years. Ripe gametes (ova or sperm) float from the gonads into the main coelom and then exit into the mantle cavity. The larvae of inarticulate brachiopods are miniature adults, with lophophores that enable the larvae to feed and swim for months until the animals become heavy enough to settle to the seabed. The planktonic larvae of articulate species do not resemble the adults, but rather look like blobs with yolk sacs, and remain among the plankton for only a few days before leaving the water column upon metamorphosing.
While traditional classification of brachiopods separate them into distinct inarticulate and articulate groups, two approaches appeared in the 1990s. One approach groups the inarticulate Craniida with articulate brachiopods, since both use layers of calcareous minerals their shell; the other approach considers the Craniida to be a separate third group, as their outer organic layer is distinct from that of both the linguliforms ("typical" inarticulates) and rhynchonelliforms (articulates). However, some taxonomists believe it is premature to suggest higher levels of classification such as order and recommend a bottom-up approach that identifies genera and then groups these into intermediate groups. Traditionally, brachiopods have been regarded as members of, or as a sister group to, the deuterostomes, a superphylum that includes chordates and echinoderms. One type of analysis of the evolutionary relationships of brachiopods has always placed brachiopods as protostomes while another type has split between placing brachiopods among the protostomes or the deuterostomes.
It was suggested in 2003 that brachiopods had evolved from an ancestor similar to Halkieria, a slug-like Cambrian animal with "chain mail" on its back and a shell at the front and rear end; it was thought that the ancestral brachiopod converted its shells into a pair of valves by folding the rear part of its body under its front. However, new fossils found in 2007 and 2008 showed that the "chain mail" of tommotiids formed the tube of a sessile animal; one tommotiid resembled phoronids, which are close relatives or a subgroup of brachiopods, while the other tommotiid bore two symmetrical plates that might be an early form of brachiopod valves. Lineages of brachiopods that have both fossil and extant taxa appeared in the early Cambrian, Ordovician, and Carboniferous periods, respectively. Other lineages have arisen and then become extinct, sometimes during severe mass extinctions. At their peak in the Paleozoic era, the brachiopods were among the most abundant filter-feeders and reef-builders, and occupied other ecological niches, including swimming in the jet-propulsion style of scallops. Brachiopod fossils have been useful indicators of climate changes during the Paleozoic. However, after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, brachiopods recovered only a third of their former diversity. A study in 2007 concluded the brachiopods were especially vulnerable to the Permian–Triassic extinction, as they built calcareous hard parts (made of calcium carbonate) and had low metabolic rates and weak respiratory systems. It was often thought that brachiopods went into decline after the Permian–Triassic extinction, and were out-competed by bivalves, but a study in 1980 found both brachiopod and bivalve species increased from the Paleozoic to modern times, with bivalves increasing faster; after the Permian–Triassic extinction, brachiopods became for the first time less diverse than bivalves.
Brachiopods live only in the sea, and most species avoid locations with strong currents or waves. The larvae of articulate species settle in quickly and form dense populations in well-defined areas while the larvae of inarticulate species swim for up to a month and have wide ranges. Brachiopods now live mainly in cold water and low light. Fish and crustaceans seem to find brachiopod flesh distasteful and seldom attack them. Among brachiopods, only the lingulids (Lingula sp.) have been fished commercially, on a very small scale. One brachiopod species (Coptothyrus adamsi) may be a measure of environmental conditions around an oil terminal being built in Russia on the shore of the Sea of Japan. The word "brachiopod" is formed from the Ancient Greek words brachion ("arm") and podos ("foot"). They are often known as "lamp shells", since the curved shells of the class Terebratulida resemble pottery oil-lamps.
Brachiopods are the state fossil of the U.S. state of Kentucky.
Anatomy
Shell structure and function
Modern brachiopods range from long, and most species are about . Magellania venosa is the largest extant species. The largest brachiopods known—Gigantoproductus and Titanaria, reaching in width—occurred in the upper part of the Lower Carboniferous. Brachiopods have two valves (shell sections), which cover the dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) surface of the animal, unlike bivalve molluscs whose shells cover the lateral surfaces (sides). The valves are unequal in size and structure, with each having its own symmetrical form rather than the two being mirror images of each other. The formation of brachiopod shells during ontogeny builds on a set of conserved genes, including homeobox genes, that are also used to form the shells of molluscs.
The brachial valve is usually smaller and bears brachia ("arms") on its inner surface. These brachia are the origin of the phylum's name, and support the lophophore, used for feeding and respiration. The pedicle valve is usually larger, and its near the hinge it has an opening for the stalk-like pedicle through which most brachiopods attach themselves to the substrate. (R. C. Moore, 1952) The brachial and pedicle valves are often called the dorsal and ventral valves, respectively, but some paleontologists regard the terms "dorsal" and "ventral" as irrelevant since they believe that the "ventral" valve was formed by a folding of the upper surface under the body. The ventral ("lower") valve actually lies above the dorsal ("upper") valve when most brachiopods are oriented in life position. In many living articulate brachiopod species, both valves are convex, the surfaces often bearing growth lines and/or other ornamentation. However, inarticulate lingulids, which burrow into the seabed, have valves that are smoother, flatter and of similar size and shape. (R. C. Moore, 1952)
Articulate ("jointed") brachiopods have a tooth and socket arrangement by which the pedicle and brachial valves hinge, locking the valves against lateral displacement. Inarticulate brachiopods have no matching teeth and sockets; their valves are held together only by muscles. (R. C. Moore, 1952)
All brachiopods have adductor muscles that are set on the inside of the pedicle valve and which close the valves by pulling on the part of the brachial valve ahead of the hinge. These muscles have both "quick" fibers that close the valves in emergencies and "catch" fibers that are slower but can keep the valves closed for long periods. Articulate brachiopods open the valves by means of abductor muscles, also known as diductors, which lie further to the rear and pull on the part of the brachial valve behind the hinge. Inarticulate brachiopods use a different opening mechanism, in which muscles reduce the length of the coelom (main body cavity) and make it bulge outwards, pushing the valves apart. Both classes open the valves to an angle of about 10 degrees. The more complex set of muscles employed by inarticulate brachiopods can also operate the valves as scissors, a mechanism that lingulids use to burrow.
Each valve consists of three layers, an outer periostracum made of organic compounds and two biomineralized layers. Articulate brachiopods have an outermost periostracum made of proteins, a "primary layer" of calcite (a form of calcium carbonate) under that, and innermost a mixture of proteins and calcite. Inarticulate brachiopod shells have a similar sequence of layers, but their composition is different from that of articulated brachiopods and also varies among the classes of inarticulate brachiopods. The Terebratulida are an example of brachiopods with a punctate shell structure; the mineralized layers are perforated by tiny open canals of living tissue, extensions of the mantle called caeca, which almost reach the outside of the primary layer. These shells can contain half of the animal's living tissue. Impunctate shells are solid without any tissue inside them. Pseudopunctate shells have tubercles formed from deformations unfurling along calcite rods. They are only known from fossil forms, and were originally mistaken for calcified punctate structures.
Lingulids and discinids, which have pedicles, have a matrix of glycosaminoglycans (long, unbranched polysaccharides), in which other materials are embedded: chitin in the periostracum; apatite containing calcium phosphate in the primary biomineralized layer; and a complex mixture in the innermost layer, containing collagen and other proteins, chitinophosphate and apatite. Craniids, which have no pedicle and cement themselves directly to hard surfaces, have a periostracum of chitin and mineralized layers of calcite. Shell growth can be described as holoperipheral, mixoperipheral, or hemiperipheral. In holoperipheral growth, distinctive of craniids, new material is added at an equal rate all around the margin. In mixoperipheral growth, found in many living and extinct articulates, new material is added to the posterior region of the shell with an anterior trend, growing towards the other shell. Hemiperipheral growth, found in lingulids, is similar to mixoperipheral growth but occurs in mostly a flat plate with the shell growing forwards and outwards.
Mantle
Brachiopods, as with molluscs, have an epithelial mantle which secretes and lines the shell, and encloses the internal organs. The brachiopod body occupies only about one-third of the internal space inside the shell, nearest the hinge. The rest of the space is lined with the mantle lobes, extensions that enclose a water-filled space in which sits the lophophore. The coelom (body cavity) extends into each lobe as a network of canals, which carry nutrients to the edges of the mantle.
Relatively new cells in a groove on the edges of the mantle secrete material that extends the periostracum. These cells are gradually displaced to the underside of the mantle by more recent cells in the groove, and switch to secreting the mineralized material of the shell valves. In other words, on the edge of the valve the periostracum is extended first, and then reinforced by extension of the mineralized layers under the periostracum. In most species the edge of the mantle also bears movable bristles, often called chaetae or setae, that may help defend the animals and may act as sensors. In some brachiopods groups of chaetae help to channel the flow of water into and out of the mantle cavity.
In most brachiopods, diverticula (hollow extensions) of the mantle penetrate through the mineralized layers of the valves into the periostraca. The function of these diverticula is uncertain and it is suggested that they may be storage chambers for chemicals such as glycogen, may secrete repellents to deter organisms that stick to the shell or may help in respiration. Experiments show that a brachiopod's oxygen consumption drops if petroleum jelly is smeared on the shell, clogging the diverticula.
Lophophore
Like bryozoans and phoronids, brachiopods have a lophophore, a crown of tentacles whose cilia (fine hairs) create a water current that enables them to filter food particles out of the water. However a bryozoan or phoronid lophophore is a ring of tentacles mounted on a single, retracted stalk, while the basic form of the brachiopod lophophore is U-shaped, forming the brachia ("arms") from which the phylum gets its name. Brachiopod lophophores are non-retractable and occupy up to two-thirds of the internal space, in the frontmost area where the valves gape when opened. To provide enough filtering capacity in this restricted space, lophophores of larger brachiopods are folded in moderately to very complex shapes—loops and coils are common, and some species' lophophores contort into a shape resembling a hand with the fingers splayed. In all species the lophophore is supported by cartilage and by a hydrostatic skeleton (in other words, by the pressure of its internal fluid), and the fluid extends into the tentacles. Some articulate brachiopods also have a brachidium, a calcareous support for the lophophore attached to the inside of the brachial valve, which have led to an extremely reduced lophophoral muscles and the reduction of some brachial nerves.
The tentacles bear cilia (fine mobile hairs) on their edges and along the center. The beating of the outer cilia drives a water current from the tips of the tentacles to their bases, where it exits. Food particles that collide with the tentacles are trapped by mucus, and the cilia down the middle drive this mixture to the base of the tentacles. A brachial groove runs round the bases of the tentacles, and its own cilia pass food along the groove towards the mouth. The method used by brachiopods is known as "upstream collecting", as food particles are captured as they enter the field of cilia that creates the feeding current. This method is used by the related phoronids and bryozoans, and also by pterobranchs. Entoprocts use a similar-looking crown of tentacles, but it is solid and the flow runs from bases to tips, forming a "downstream collecting" system that catches food particles as they are about to exit.
Pedicle and other attachments
Most modern species attach to hard surfaces by means of a cylindrical pedicle ("stalk"), an extension of the body wall. This has a chitinous cuticle (non-cellular "skin") and protrudes through an opening in the hinge. However, some genera have no pedicle, such as the inarticulate Crania and the articulate Lacazella; they cement the rear of the "pedicle" (ventral) valve to a surface so that the front is slightly inclined up away from the surface. In these brachiopods, the ventral valve lacks a pedicle opening. In a few articulate genera such as Neothyris and Anakinetica, the pedicles wither as the adults grow and finally lie loosely on the surface. In these genera the shells are thickened and shaped so that the opening of the gaping valves is kept free of the sediment.
Pedicles of inarticulate species are extensions of the main coelom, which houses the internal organs. A layer of longitudinal muscles lines the epidermis of the pedicle. Members of the order Lingulida have long pedicles, which they use to burrow into soft substrates, to raise the shell to the opening of the burrow to feed, and to retract the shell when disturbed. A lingulid moves its body up and down the top two-thirds of the burrow, while the remaining third is occupied only by the pedicle, with a bulb on the end that builds a "concrete" anchor. However, the pedicles of the order Discinida are short and attach to hard surfaces.
The pedicle of articulate brachiopods has no coelom, and its homology is unclear. It is constructed from a different part of the larval body, and has a compact core composed of connective tissue. Muscles at the rear of the body can straighten, bend or even rotate the pedicle. The far end of the pedicle generally has rootlike extensions or short papillae ("bumps"), which attach to hard surfaces. However, articulate brachiopods of the genus Chlidonophora use a branched pedicle to anchor in sediment. The pedicle emerges from the pedicle valve, either through a notch in the hinge or, in species where the pedicle valve is longer than the brachial, from a hole where the pedicle valve doubles back to touch the brachial valve. Some species stand with the front end upwards, while others lie horizontal with the pedicle valve uppermost.
Some early brachiopods—for example strophomenates, kutorginates and obolellates—do not attach using their pedicle, but with an entirely different structure known as the "pedicle sheath", which has no relationship to the pedicle. This structure arises from the umbo of the pedicle valve, at the centre of the earliest (metamorphic) shell at the location of the protegulum. It is sometimes associated with a fringing plate, the colleplax.
Biology
Feeding and excretion
The water flow enters the lophophore from the sides of the open valves and exits at the front of the animal. In lingulids the entrance and exit channels are formed by groups of chaetae that function as funnels. In other brachiopods the entry and exit channels are organized by the shape of the lophophore. The lophophore captures food particles, especially phytoplankton (tiny photosynthetic organisms), and deliver them to the mouth via the brachial grooves along the bases of the tentacles. The mouth is a tiny slit at the base of the lophophore. Food passes through the mouth, muscular pharynx ("throat") and oesophagus ("gullet"), all of which are lined with cilia and cells that secrete mucus and digestive enzymes. The stomach wall has branched ceca ("pouches") where food is digested, mainly within the cells.
Nutrients are transported throughout the coelom, including the mantle lobes, by cilia. The wastes produced by metabolism are broken into ammonia, which is eliminated by diffusion through the mantle and lophophore. Brachiopods have metanephridia, used by many phyla to excrete ammonia and other dissolved wastes. However, brachiopods have no sign of the podocytes, which perform the first phase of excretion in this process, and brachiopod metanephridia appear to be used only to emit sperm and ova.
The majority of food consumed by brachiopods is digestible, with very little solid waste produced. The cilia of the lophophore can change direction to eject isolated particles of indigestible matter. If the animal encounters larger lumps of undesired matter, the cilia lining the entry channels pause and the tentacles in contact with the lumps move apart to form large gaps and then slowly use their cilia to dump the lumps onto the lining of the mantle. This has its own cilia, which wash the lumps out through the opening between the valves. If the lophophore is clogged, the adductors snap the valves sharply, which creates a "sneeze" that clears the obstructions. In some inarticulate brachiopods the digestive tract is U-shaped and ends with an anus that eliminates solids from the front of the body wall. Other inarticulate brachiopods and all articulate brachiopods have a curved gut that ends blindly, with no anus. These animals bundle solid waste with mucus and periodically "sneeze" it out, using sharp contractions of the gut muscles.
Circulation and respiration
The lophophore and mantle are the only surfaces that absorb oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide. Oxygen seems to be distributed by the fluid of the coelom, which is circulated through the mantle and driven either by contractions of the lining of the coelom or by beating of its cilia. In some species oxygen is partly carried by the respiratory pigment hemerythrin, which is transported in coelomocyte cells. The maximum oxygen consumption of brachiopods is low, and their minimum requirement is not measurable.
Brachiopods also have colorless blood, circulated by a muscular heart lying in the dorsal part of the body above the stomach. The blood passes through vessels that extend to the front and back of the body, and branch to organs including the lophophore at the front and the gut, muscles, gonads and nephridia at the rear. The blood circulation seems not to be completely closed, and the coelomic fluid and blood must mix to a degree. The main function of the blood may be to deliver nutrients.
Nervous system and senses
The "brain" of adult articulates consists of two ganglia, one above and the other below the oesophagus. Adult inarticulates have only the lower ganglion. From the ganglia and the commissures where they join, nerves run to the lophophore, the mantle lobes and the muscles that operate the valves. The edge of the mantle has probably the greatest concentration of sensors. Although not directly connected to sensory neurons, the mantle's chaetae probably send tactile signals to receptors in the epidermis of the mantle. Many brachiopods close their valves if shadows appear above them, but the cells responsible for this are unknown. Some brachiopods have statocysts, which detect changes in the animals' position.
Reproduction and life cycle
Lifespans range from 3 to over 30 years. Adults of most species are of one sex throughout their lives. The gonads are masses of developing gametes (ova or sperm), and most species have four gonads, two in each valve. Those of articulates lie in the channels of the mantle lobes, while those of inarticulates lie near the gut. Ripe gametes float into the main coelom and then exit into the mantle cavity via the metanephridia, which open on either side of the mouth. Most species release both ova and sperm into the water, but females of some species keep the embryos in brood chambers until the larvae hatch.
The cell division in the embryo is radial (cells form in stacks of rings directly above each other), holoblastic (cells are separate, although adjoining) and regulative (the type of tissue into which a cell develops is controlled by interactions between adjacent cells, rather than rigidly within each cell). While some animals develop the mouth and anus by deepening the blastopore, a "dent" in the surface of the early embryo, the blastopore of brachiopods closes up, and their mouth and anus develop from new openings.
The larvae of lingulids swim as plankton for months and are like miniature adults, with valves, mantle lobes, a pedicle that coils in the mantle cavity, and a small lophophore, which is used for both feeding and swimming. The larvae of craniids have no pedicle or shell. As the shell becomes heavier, the juvenile sinks to the bottom and becomes a sessile adult. The larvae of articulate species (Craniiformea and Rhynchonelliformea) are lecithotrophic (non-feeding) and live only on yolk, and remain among the plankton for only a few days. The Rhynchonelliformea larvae has three larval lobes, unlike the Craniiformea which only have two larval lobes. This type of larva has a ciliated frontmost lobe that becomes the body and lophophore, a rear lobe that becomes the pedicle, and a mantle like a skirt, with the hem towards the rear. On metamorphosing into an adult, the pedicle attaches to a surface, the front lobe develops the lophophore and other organs, and the mantle rolls up over the front lobe and starts to secrete the shell. In cold seas, brachiopod growth is seasonal and the animals often lose weight in winter. These variations in growth often form growth lines in the shells. Members of some genera have survived for a year in aquaria without food.
Taxonomy
Taxonomic history
Brachiopod fossils show great diversity in the morphology of the shells and lophophore, while the modern genera show less diversity but provide soft-bodied characteristics. Both fossils and extant species have limitations that make it difficult to produce a comprehensive classification of brachiopods based on morphology. The phylum also has experienced significant convergent evolution and reversals (in which a more recent group seems to have lost a characteristic that is seen in an intermediate group, reverting to a characteristic last seen in an older group). Hence some brachiopod taxonomists believe it is premature to define higher levels of classification such as order, and recommend instead a bottom-up approach that identifies genera and then groups these into intermediate groups.
However, other taxonomists believe that some patterns of characteristics are sufficiently stable to make higher-level classifications worthwhile, although there are different views about what the higher-level classifications should be.
The "traditional" classification was defined in 1869; two further approaches were established in the 1990s:
In the "traditional" classification, brachiopods are divided into the Articulata and Inarticulata. The Articulata have toothed hinges between the valves, while the hinges of the Inarticulata are held together only by muscles.
A classification devised in the 1990s, based on the materials of which the shells are based, united the Craniida and the "articulate" brachiopods in the Calciata, which have calcite shells. The Lingulida and Discinida, combined in the Lingulata, have shells made of chitin and calcium phosphate.
A three-part scheme, also from the 1990s, places the Craniida in a separate group of its own, the Craniiformea. The Lingulida and Discinida are grouped as Linguliformea, and the Rhynchonellida and Terebratulida as Rhynchonelliformea.
About 330 living species are recognized, grouped into over 100 genera. The great majority of modern brachiopods are rhynchonelliforms (Articulata).
Modern classification
Genetic analysis performed since the 1990s has extended the understanding of the relationship between different organisms. It is now clear the brachiopods do not belong to the Deuterostomia (such as echinoderms and chordates) as was hypothesized earlier, but should be included in the broad group Protostomia, in a subgroup now called Lophotrochozoa. Although their adult morphology seems rather different, the nucleotide sequence of the 18S rRNA indicates that the phoronids (horseshoe worms) are the closest relatives of the inarticulate brachiopods, more so than articulate brachiopods. For now, the weight of evidence is inconclusive as to the exact relations within the inarticulates. Consequently, it has been suggested to include horseshoe worms in the Brachiopoda as a class named Phoronata (B.L.Cohen & Weydmann) in addition to the Craniata and Lingulata, within the subphylum Linguliformea. The other subphylum, Rhynchonelliformea contains only one extant class, which is subdivided into the extant orders Rhynchonellida, Terebratulida and Thecideida.
Extinct orders
This shows the taxonomy of brachiopods down to the order level, including extinct groups, which make up the majority of species. Extinct groups are indicated with a (†) symbol:
Subphylum Linguliformea
Class Lingulata
Order Lingulida
Order †Acrotretida
Order †Siphonotretida
Class †Paterinata
Order †Paterinida
Subphylum Craniiformea
Class Craniata
Order Craniida
Order †Craniopsida
Order †Trimerellida
Subphylum Rhynchonelliformea
Class †Chileata
Order †Chileida
Order †Dictyonellida
Class †Obolellata
Order †Obolellida
Order †Naukatida
Class †Kutorginata
Order †Kutorginida
Class †Strophomenata
Order †Billingsellida
Order †Strophomenida
Order †Productida
Order †Orthotetida
Class Rhynchonellata
Order Rhynchonellida
Order Terebratulida
Order Thecideida
Order †Protorthida
Order †Orthida
Order †Pentamerida
Order †Atrypida
Order †Athyridida
Order †Spiriferida
Order †Spiriferinida
Ecology
Distribution and habitat
Brachiopods are an entirely marine phylum, with no known freshwater species. Most species avoid locations with strong currents or waves, and typical sites include rocky overhangs, crevices and caves, steep slopes of continental shelves, and in deep ocean floors. However, some articulate species attach to kelp or in exceptionally sheltered sites in intertidal zones. The smallest living brachiopod, Gwynia, is only about long, and lives in between gravel grains. Rhynchonelliforms, whose larvae consume only their yolks and settle and develop quickly, are often endemic to an area and form dense populations that can reach thousands per meter. Young adults often attach to the shells of more mature ones. On the other hand, inarticulate brachiopods, whose larva swim for up to a month before settling, have wide ranges. Members of the discinoid genus Pelagodiscus have a cosmopolitan distribution.
Interactions with other organisms
Brachiopods have a low metabolic rate, between one third and one tenth of that of bivalves. While brachiopods were abundant in warm, shallow seas during the Cretaceous period, most of their former niches are now occupied by bivalves, and most now live in cold and low-light conditions.
Brachiopod shells occasionally show evidence of damage by predators, and sometimes of subsequent repair. Fish and crustaceans seem to find brachiopod flesh distasteful. The fossil record shows that drilling predators like gastropods attacked molluscs and echinoids 10 to 20 times more often than they did brachiopods, suggesting that such predators attacked brachiopods by mistake or when other prey was scarce. In waters where food is scarce, the snail Capulus ungaricus steals food from bivalves, snails, tube worms, and brachiopods.
Among brachiopods only the lingulids have been fished commercially, and only on a very small scale. It is mostly the fleshy pedicle that is eaten. Brachiopods seldom settle on artificial surfaces, probably because they are vulnerable to pollution. This may make the population of Coptothyrus adamsi useful as a measure of environmental conditions around an oil terminal being built in Russia on the shore of the Sea of Japan.
Evolutionary history
Fossil record
Over 12,000 fossil species are recognized, grouped into over 5,000 genera. While the largest modern brachiopods are long, a few fossils measure up to wide. The earliest confirmed brachiopods have been found in the early Cambrian, inarticulate forms appearing first, followed soon after by articulate forms. Three unmineralized species have also been found in the Cambrian, and apparently represent two distinct groups that evolved from mineralized ancestors. The inarticulate Lingula is often called a "living fossil", as very similar genera have been found all the way back to the Ordovician. On the other hand, articulate brachiopods have produced major diversifications, and suffered severe mass extinctions—but the articulate Rhynchonellida and Terebratulida, the most diverse present-day groups, appeared at the start of the Ordovician and Carboniferous, respectively.
Since 1991 Claus Nielsen has proposed a hypothesis about the development of brachiopods, adapted in 2003 by Cohen and colleagues as a hypothesis about the earliest evolution of brachiopods. This "brachiopod fold" hypothesis suggests that brachiopods evolved from an ancestor similar to Halkieria, a slug-like animal with "chain mail" on its back and a shell at the front and rear end. The hypothesis proposes that the first brachiopod converted its shells into a pair of valves by folding the rear part of its body under its front.
However, fossils from 2007 onwards have supported a new interpretation of the Early-Cambrian tommotiids, and a new hypothesis that brachiopods evolved from tommotiids. The "armor mail" of tommotiids was well-known but not in an assembled form, and it was generally assumed that tommotiids were slug-like animals similar to Halkieria, except that tommotiids' armor was made of organophosphatic compounds while that of Halkieria was made of calcite. However, fossils of a new tommotiid, Eccentrotheca, showed an assembled mail coat that formed a tube, which would indicate a sessile animal rather than a creeping slug-like one. Eccentrotheca'''s organophosphatic tube resembled that of phoronids, sessile animals that feed by lophophores and are regarded either very close relatives or a sub-group of brachiopods. Paterimitra, another mostly assembled fossil found in 2008 and described in 2009, had two symmetrical plates at the bottom, like brachiopod valves but not fully enclosing the animal's body.
At their peak in the Paleozoic, the brachiopods were among the most abundant filter-feeders and reef-builders, and occupied other ecological niches, including swimming in the jet-propulsion style of scallops. However, after the Permian–Triassic extinction event, informally known as the "Great Dying", brachiopods recovered only a third of their former diversity. It was often thought that brachiopods were actually declining in diversity, and that in some way bivalves out-competed them. However, in 1980, Gould and Calloway produced a statistical analysis that concluded that both brachiopods and bivalves increased all the way from the Paleozoic to modern times, but bivalves increased faster; the Permian–Triassic extinction was moderately severe for bivalves but devastating for brachiopods, so that brachiopods for the first time were less diverse than bivalves and their diversity after the Permian increased from a very low base; there is no evidence that bivalves out-competed brachiopods, and short-term increases or decreases for both groups appeared synchronously. In 2007 Knoll and Bambach concluded that brachiopods were one of several groups that were most vulnerable to the Permian–Triassic extinction, as all had calcareous hard parts (made of calcium carbonate) and had low metabolic rates and weak respiratory systems.
Brachiopod fossils have been useful indicators of climate changes during the Paleozoic era. When global temperatures were low, as in much of the Ordovician, the large difference in temperature between equator and poles created different collections of fossils at different latitudes. On the other hand, warmer periods, such much of the Silurian, created smaller difference in temperatures, and all seas at the low to middle latitudes were colonized by the same few brachiopod species.
Evolutionary family tree
Deuterostomes or protostomes
From about the 1940s to the 1990s, family trees based on embryological and morphological features placed brachiopods among or as a sister group to the deuterostomes. a super-phylum that includes chordates and echinoderms. Closer examination has found difficulties in the grounds on which brachiopods were affiliated with deuterostomes:
Radial cleavage in the earliest divisions of the egg appears to be the original condition for the ancestral bilaterians, in the earliest Ecdysozoa and possibly in the earliest Eutrochozoa, a major sub-group of the Lophotrochozoa. Hence radial cleavage does not imply that brachiopods are affiliated with deuterostomes.
The traditional view is that the coelom(s) in deuterostomes and protostomes form by different process, called enterocoely and schizocoely, respectively. However, research since the early 1990s has found significant exceptions. Both types of coelom construction appear among brachiopods, and therefore do not imply that brachiopods are deuterostomes.
The terms "deuterostomes" and "protostomes" originally defined distinct ways of forming the mouth from the blastopore, a depression that appears in an early stage of the embryo. However, some "protostomes" form the mouth using a process more like that typical of deuterostomes. Hence forming the mouth via a deuterostome-like process does not imply that brachiopods are affiliated with deuterostomes.
Nielsen views the brachiopods and closely related phoronids as affiliated with the deuterostome pterobranchs because their lophophores are driven by one cilium per cell, while those of bryozoans, which he regards as protostomes, have multiple cilia per cell. However, pterobranchs are hemichordates and probably closely related to echinoderms, and there is no evidence that the latest common ancestor of pterobranchs and other hemichordates or the latest common ancestor of hemichordates and echinoderms was sessile and fed by means of tentacles.
From 1988 onwards analyses based on molecular phylogeny, which compares biochemical features such as similarities in DNA, have placed brachiopods among the Lophotrochozoa, a protostome super-phylum that includes molluscs, annelids and flatworms but excludes the other protostome super-phylum Ecdysozoa, whose members include arthropods. This conclusion is unanimous among molecular phylogeny studies that use a wide selection of genes: rDNA, Hox genes, mitochondrial protein genes, single nuclear protein genes and sets of nuclear protein genes.
Some combined studies in 2000 and 2001, using both molecular and morphological data, support brachiopods as Lophotrochozoa, while others in 1998 and 2004 concluded that brachiopods were deuterostomes.
Relationship with other lophotrochozoans
The phoronids feed with a lophophore, burrow or encrust on surfaces, and build three-layered tubes made of polysaccharide, possibly chitin, mixed with particles with seabed material. Traditionally they have been regarded as a separate phylum, but increasingly detailed molecular phylogeny studies between 1997 and 2000 have concluded that phoronids are a sub-group of brachiopods. However, an analysis in 2005 concluded that phoronids are a sub-group of bryozoans.
While all molecular phylogeny studies and half the combined studies until 2008 conclude that brachiopods are lophotrochozoans, they could not identify which lophotrochozoan phylum were the closest relatives of brachiopods—except phoronids, which are a sub-group of brachiopods. However, in 2008 two analyses found that brachiopods' closest lophotrochozoan relatives were nemertines. The authors found this surprising, since nemertines have spiral cleavage in the early stages of cell division and form a trochophore larva, while brachiopods have radial cleavage and a larva that shows no sign of having evolved from a trochophore. Another study in 2008 also concluded that brachiopods are closely related to nemertines, casting doubt on the idea that brachiopods are part of a clade Lophophorata of lophophore-feeding animals within the lophotrochozoans.
Gallery
See also
Taxonomy of the Brachiopoda
Evolution of brachiopods
List of brachiopod genera
List of brachiopod speciesNovocrania anomalaMargaret Jope
Notes
References
R.C.Moore, 1952; Brachiopods in Moore, Lalicher, and Fischer; Invertebrate Fossils'', McGraw-Hill.
Further reading
External links
The Evolution of Brachiopoda – 2016 overview paper by Sandra J. Carlson, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Davis, California, at Annual Reviews
BrachNet
Brachiopoda Database
Brachiopoda World Database - used from 1995 to 2015
Information from the Kansas Geological Survey
Site of R.Filippi
UC-Berkeley Museum of Paleontology
Palaeos Brachiopoda (last updated 2002)
Extant Cambrian first appearances
Taxa named by André Marie Constant Duméril |
Craig Stephen Lawson (born July 15, 1969), known professionally as KLC, is an American record producer, DJ, and drummer. He found fame as a member of No Limit Records' in-house production team Beats by the Pound. Since leaving the label, he has been a member of the Medicine Men and has his own record label Overdose Entertainment aka Overdose Empire.
Early years
Lawson grew up in the Melpomene Projects in New Orleans' Third Ward. His father was a saxophonist, and KLC took up music as well. Nicknamed the Drum major even before he joined the band at Green Middle School, KLC became strongly attached to the cadences of the marching band's snare-the sound would later influence his hip-hop beats.
In high school, KLC got into breakin', one of his rivals being Michael "Mystikal Mike" Tyler. Tyler would ultimately become a long-term musical associate.
After graduating high school, KLC and his friend Dartanian "MC Dart" Stovall started recording in a makeshift studio in the basement with Roland TR-808 drum machine of KLC's home. Both had full-time, hourly jobs and one day decided to quit their jobs and devote their time to making music. They pooled their last paychecks and completed their first cassette. From these modest means, the teens established Parkway Pumpin' Records.
Parkway Pumpin'
On Parkway Pumpin' there were no contracts, and artists including KLC himself often simultaneously worked at other labels. In 1994, KLC played keyboards and 39 Posse produced EXD's No Elevation for In the House Records. Mystikal recorded his debut album with Big Boy Records, where KLC also produced a track for veteran New Orleans rapper Sporty T. In 1995, Magnolia Slim a.k.a. Soulja Slim recorded The Dark Side EP (produced by KLC and featuring 6 Shot) at Hype Enough. Fiend followed Mystikal to Big Boy Records and recorded his debut album on that label.
Discography
From 1988 to present, KLC is credited (solo and with other Medicine Men team members) on close to 300 studio recordings covering over 100 studio albums. Lawson's RIAA accolades include eighteen gold albums, twelve platinum albums, four double-platinum albums, two triple-platinum albums, and one quadruple-platinum album as well as two gold singles, two platinum singles and one double-platinum single. Lawson has two Grammy nominations, both at the 45th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Rap Album (Word of Mouf by Ludacris and Tarantula by Mystikal) and two BMI Awards - one for the hit single Move Bitch (by Ludacris) and one for the associated album Word of Mouf. Finally on March 5, 2021 KLC drops his solo album The Drummajor Pt.1 under Overdose Empire .
References
External links
Scratch Magazine interview
Sampling by KLC
Living people
African-American record producers
American hip hop record producers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Musicians from New Orleans
No Limit Records artists
1969 births
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people |
Pampooties are rawhide shoes, which were formerly made and worn on the Aran Islands of County Galway, Ireland.
History
They are formed of a single piece of untanned hide folded around the foot and stitched with twine or a leather strap.
Hide from the buttocks was most often used. The hair was usually left and this improved the shoe's grip. The raw hide is kept flexible by use and the constant damp conditions of Western Ireland. However the shoes are not made to last. They are prone to rot and were usually kept for as little as a month or less.
Pampooties are similar to the Scottish cuaran shoes, and are the precursors to ghillies, Celtic dance shoes. They are also similar in appearance to American moccasins. Ancient shoes found preserved from Stone Age Europe have a similar design.
The name "pampootie" is of unclear origin; it may be related to Turkish papoosh, a kind of slipper. The Aran Islanders simply called them brógaí úrleathair, "shoes of undressed leather."
References
Shoes
Historical footwear |
The men's team competition of the table tennis event at the 2007 SEA Games will be held from 3 to 5 December 2007 at the Klang Plaza in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
Schedule
All times are Thailand Time (UTC+07:00).
Results
Preliminary round
Pool 1
Pool 2
Knockout round
Semifinals
Gold medal match
References
External links
Table tennis at the 2007 SEA Games |
Ninurta-apla-X was a 9th/8th century BC king of Babylon during the period of mixed dynasties known as the dynasty of E. The name as currently given is based upon a 1920s reading that is no longer supported by direct evidence as the document from which it was derived is now too badly damaged to discern the characters proposed.
Biography
His most recent predecessor known by name was Baba-aḫa-iddina, whose reign ended perhaps around twelve years earlier. During the interregnum there was no king for several years. The only records of events during this period come from the chronicles of the Assyrian eponym dating system. These record that Šamši-Adad V’s seventh campaign was against Babylonia. His successor, Adad-nirari III, initially campaigned in the west but during 802 BC the chronicle records “to the sea,” thought to be Sealand of southern Mesopotamia. In 795 and 794 BC he campaigned in Dēr. The Synchronistic History ended with his reign and records:
Ninurta-apla-X’s successor was the similarly obscure king, Marduk-bēl-zēri.
Inscriptions
References
8th-century BC Babylonian kings |
David Michael Loades (19 January 1934 – 21 April 2016) was a British historian specialising in the Tudor era. He was Emeritus Professor of History at the University of Wales, where he taught from 1980 until 1996, and was Honorary Research Professor at the University of Sheffield from 1996 until 2008. In the 1960s and 1970s he taught at the universities of St. Andrews and Durham. From 1993 until 2004 he acted as Literary Director of the John Foxe Project at the British Academy; he subsequently became an Honorary Member of the History Faculty at the University of Oxford. After military service in the Royal Air Force 1953–1955, Loades studied at the University of Cambridge. He wrote many books on the Tudor period, including biographies. He was President of the Ecclesiastical History Society (1992–93).
From 1965 to 1981, he was married to Ann (née Glover). They did not have any children, and their marriage ended in divorce.
Works
Two Tudor Conspiracies (Cambridge University Press, 1965; new edition Headstart, 1992)
The Oxford Martyrs (Batsford, 1970; Headstart, 1992)
Politics and the Nation, 1450–1660 (Fontana, 1974; subsequent editions 1979, 1986, 1992, 1999)
The Reign of Mary Tudor (Benn, 1979, second edition Longmans, 1991; German translation 1982)
Mary Tudor: A Life (Blackwell, 1989)
The Tudor Court (Batsford, 1986)
The Tudor Navy: An Administrative, Political and Military History (Aldershot, 1992)
The Mid-Tudor Crisis, 1545–1565 (Palgrave Macmillan, 1992)
The Politics of Marriage: Henry VIII and his Queens (Sutton, 1994; several subsequent editions; translated into Spanish and Russian)
Essays on the Reign of Edward VI (Headstart, 1994)
John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland 1504–1553 (Oxford University Press, 1996)
Tudor Government (Blackwell, 1997)
Power in Tudor England (Macmillan, 1997)
England’s Maritime Empire: Seapower, Commerce and Policy, 1490–1690 (Longmans, 2000)
Elizabeth I (Hambledon Continuum, 2003)
Elizabeth I: The Golden Reign of Gloriana (The National Archives, 2003)
Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court 1547–1558 (Pearson Longmans, 2004)
Mary Tudor: The Tragical History of the First Queen of England (The National Archives, 2006)
The Cecils: Privilege and Power behind the Throne (The National Archives, 2007)
Henry VIII: Court, Church and Conflict (The National Archives, 2007)
The Princes of Wales (The National Archives, 2008)
The Life and Career of William Paulet, c.1475–1572 (Ashgate, 2008)
The Fighting Tudors (The National Archives, 2009)
The Tudor Queens of England (Hambledon Continuum 2009)
Henry VIII: King and Court (The Pitkin Guide, 2009)
The Tudors for Dummies (John Wylie & Sons, 2010)
Henry VIII (Amberley, 2011)
The Boleyns (Amberley, 2011)
The Tudors: History of a Dynasty (Continuum, 2012)
Mary Rose: Tudor Princess, Queen of France. The Extraordinary Life of Henry VIII's Sister (Amberley, 2012)
Catherine Howard: The Adulterous Wife of Henry VIII (Amberley, 2012)
Jane Seymour: Henry VIII's Favourite Wife (Amberley, 2013)
The Kings & Queens of England: The Biography (Amberley, 2013)
Thomas Cromwell: Servant to Henry VIII (Amberley, 2013)
The Seymours of Wolf Hall: A Tudor Family Story (Amberley, 2015)
References
External links
David Loades Homepage
David Loades: The Maitland Controversy
British historians
1934 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of the Ecclesiastical History Society
Academics of the University of Sheffield |
```go
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Transport code.
package http2
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"compress/gzip"
"context"
"crypto/rand"
"crypto/tls"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"io/fs"
"log"
"math"
mathrand "math/rand"
"net"
"net/http"
"net/http/httptrace"
"net/textproto"
"os"
"sort"
"strconv"
"strings"
"sync"
"sync/atomic"
"time"
"golang.org/x/net/http/httpguts"
"golang.org/x/net/http2/hpack"
"golang.org/x/net/idna"
)
const (
// transportDefaultConnFlow is how many connection-level flow control
// tokens we give the server at start-up, past the default 64k.
transportDefaultConnFlow = 1 << 30
// transportDefaultStreamFlow is how many stream-level flow
// control tokens we announce to the peer, and how many bytes
// we buffer per stream.
transportDefaultStreamFlow = 4 << 20
defaultUserAgent = "Go-http-client/2.0"
// initialMaxConcurrentStreams is a connections maxConcurrentStreams until
// it's received servers initial SETTINGS frame, which corresponds with the
// spec's minimum recommended value.
initialMaxConcurrentStreams = 100
// defaultMaxConcurrentStreams is a connections default maxConcurrentStreams
// if the server doesn't include one in its initial SETTINGS frame.
defaultMaxConcurrentStreams = 1000
)
// Transport is an HTTP/2 Transport.
//
// A Transport internally caches connections to servers. It is safe
// for concurrent use by multiple goroutines.
type Transport struct {
// DialTLSContext specifies an optional dial function with context for
// creating TLS connections for requests.
//
// If DialTLSContext and DialTLS is nil, tls.Dial is used.
//
// If the returned net.Conn has a ConnectionState method like tls.Conn,
// it will be used to set http.Response.TLS.
DialTLSContext func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, cfg *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error)
// DialTLS specifies an optional dial function for creating
// TLS connections for requests.
//
// If DialTLSContext and DialTLS is nil, tls.Dial is used.
//
// Deprecated: Use DialTLSContext instead, which allows the transport
// to cancel dials as soon as they are no longer needed.
// If both are set, DialTLSContext takes priority.
DialTLS func(network, addr string, cfg *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error)
// TLSClientConfig specifies the TLS configuration to use with
// tls.Client. If nil, the default configuration is used.
TLSClientConfig *tls.Config
// ConnPool optionally specifies an alternate connection pool to use.
// If nil, the default is used.
ConnPool ClientConnPool
// DisableCompression, if true, prevents the Transport from
// requesting compression with an "Accept-Encoding: gzip"
// request header when the Request contains no existing
// Accept-Encoding value. If the Transport requests gzip on
// its own and gets a gzipped response, it's transparently
// decoded in the Response.Body. However, if the user
// explicitly requested gzip it is not automatically
// uncompressed.
DisableCompression bool
// AllowHTTP, if true, permits HTTP/2 requests using the insecure,
// plain-text "http" scheme. Note that this does not enable h2c support.
AllowHTTP bool
// MaxHeaderListSize is the http2 SETTINGS_MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE to
// send in the initial settings frame. It is how many bytes
// of response headers are allowed. Unlike the http2 spec, zero here
// means to use a default limit (currently 10MB). If you actually
// want to advertise an unlimited value to the peer, Transport
// interprets the highest possible value here (0xffffffff or 1<<32-1)
// to mean no limit.
MaxHeaderListSize uint32
// MaxReadFrameSize is the http2 SETTINGS_MAX_FRAME_SIZE to send in the
// initial settings frame. It is the size in bytes of the largest frame
// payload that the sender is willing to receive. If 0, no setting is
// sent, and the value is provided by the peer, which should be 16384
// according to the spec:
// path_to_url#section-6.5.2.
// Values are bounded in the range 16k to 16M.
MaxReadFrameSize uint32
// MaxDecoderHeaderTableSize optionally specifies the http2
// SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE to send in the initial settings frame. It
// informs the remote endpoint of the maximum size of the header compression
// table used to decode header blocks, in octets. If zero, the default value
// of 4096 is used.
MaxDecoderHeaderTableSize uint32
// MaxEncoderHeaderTableSize optionally specifies an upper limit for the
// header compression table used for encoding request headers. Received
// SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE settings are capped at this limit. If zero,
// the default value of 4096 is used.
MaxEncoderHeaderTableSize uint32
// StrictMaxConcurrentStreams controls whether the server's
// SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS should be respected
// globally. If false, new TCP connections are created to the
// server as needed to keep each under the per-connection
// SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS limit. If true, the
// server's SETTINGS_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS is interpreted as
// a global limit and callers of RoundTrip block when needed,
// waiting for their turn.
StrictMaxConcurrentStreams bool
// ReadIdleTimeout is the timeout after which a health check using ping
// frame will be carried out if no frame is received on the connection.
// Note that a ping response will is considered a received frame, so if
// there is no other traffic on the connection, the health check will
// be performed every ReadIdleTimeout interval.
// If zero, no health check is performed.
ReadIdleTimeout time.Duration
// PingTimeout is the timeout after which the connection will be closed
// if a response to Ping is not received.
// Defaults to 15s.
PingTimeout time.Duration
// WriteByteTimeout is the timeout after which the connection will be
// closed no data can be written to it. The timeout begins when data is
// available to write, and is extended whenever any bytes are written.
WriteByteTimeout time.Duration
// CountError, if non-nil, is called on HTTP/2 transport errors.
// It's intended to increment a metric for monitoring, such
// as an expvar or Prometheus metric.
// The errType consists of only ASCII word characters.
CountError func(errType string)
// t1, if non-nil, is the standard library Transport using
// this transport. Its settings are used (but not its
// RoundTrip method, etc).
t1 *http.Transport
connPoolOnce sync.Once
connPoolOrDef ClientConnPool // non-nil version of ConnPool
}
func (t *Transport) maxHeaderListSize() uint32 {
if t.MaxHeaderListSize == 0 {
return 10 << 20
}
if t.MaxHeaderListSize == 0xffffffff {
return 0
}
return t.MaxHeaderListSize
}
func (t *Transport) maxFrameReadSize() uint32 {
if t.MaxReadFrameSize == 0 {
return 0 // use the default provided by the peer
}
if t.MaxReadFrameSize < minMaxFrameSize {
return minMaxFrameSize
}
if t.MaxReadFrameSize > maxFrameSize {
return maxFrameSize
}
return t.MaxReadFrameSize
}
func (t *Transport) disableCompression() bool {
return t.DisableCompression || (t.t1 != nil && t.t1.DisableCompression)
}
func (t *Transport) pingTimeout() time.Duration {
if t.PingTimeout == 0 {
return 15 * time.Second
}
return t.PingTimeout
}
// ConfigureTransport configures a net/http HTTP/1 Transport to use HTTP/2.
// It returns an error if t1 has already been HTTP/2-enabled.
//
// Use ConfigureTransports instead to configure the HTTP/2 Transport.
func ConfigureTransport(t1 *http.Transport) error {
_, err := ConfigureTransports(t1)
return err
}
// ConfigureTransports configures a net/http HTTP/1 Transport to use HTTP/2.
// It returns a new HTTP/2 Transport for further configuration.
// It returns an error if t1 has already been HTTP/2-enabled.
func ConfigureTransports(t1 *http.Transport) (*Transport, error) {
return configureTransports(t1)
}
func configureTransports(t1 *http.Transport) (*Transport, error) {
connPool := new(clientConnPool)
t2 := &Transport{
ConnPool: noDialClientConnPool{connPool},
t1: t1,
}
connPool.t = t2
if err := registerHTTPSProtocol(t1, noDialH2RoundTripper{t2}); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if t1.TLSClientConfig == nil {
t1.TLSClientConfig = new(tls.Config)
}
if !strSliceContains(t1.TLSClientConfig.NextProtos, "h2") {
t1.TLSClientConfig.NextProtos = append([]string{"h2"}, t1.TLSClientConfig.NextProtos...)
}
if !strSliceContains(t1.TLSClientConfig.NextProtos, "http/1.1") {
t1.TLSClientConfig.NextProtos = append(t1.TLSClientConfig.NextProtos, "http/1.1")
}
upgradeFn := func(authority string, c *tls.Conn) http.RoundTripper {
addr := authorityAddr("https", authority)
if used, err := connPool.addConnIfNeeded(addr, t2, c); err != nil {
go c.Close()
return erringRoundTripper{err}
} else if !used {
// Turns out we don't need this c.
// For example, two goroutines made requests to the same host
// at the same time, both kicking off TCP dials. (since protocol
// was unknown)
go c.Close()
}
return t2
}
if m := t1.TLSNextProto; len(m) == 0 {
t1.TLSNextProto = map[string]func(string, *tls.Conn) http.RoundTripper{
"h2": upgradeFn,
}
} else {
m["h2"] = upgradeFn
}
return t2, nil
}
func (t *Transport) connPool() ClientConnPool {
t.connPoolOnce.Do(t.initConnPool)
return t.connPoolOrDef
}
func (t *Transport) initConnPool() {
if t.ConnPool != nil {
t.connPoolOrDef = t.ConnPool
} else {
t.connPoolOrDef = &clientConnPool{t: t}
}
}
// ClientConn is the state of a single HTTP/2 client connection to an
// HTTP/2 server.
type ClientConn struct {
t *Transport
tconn net.Conn // usually *tls.Conn, except specialized impls
tconnClosed bool
tlsState *tls.ConnectionState // nil only for specialized impls
reused uint32 // whether conn is being reused; atomic
singleUse bool // whether being used for a single http.Request
getConnCalled bool // used by clientConnPool
// readLoop goroutine fields:
readerDone chan struct{} // closed on error
readerErr error // set before readerDone is closed
idleTimeout time.Duration // or 0 for never
idleTimer *time.Timer
mu sync.Mutex // guards following
cond *sync.Cond // hold mu; broadcast on flow/closed changes
flow outflow // our conn-level flow control quota (cs.outflow is per stream)
inflow inflow // peer's conn-level flow control
doNotReuse bool // whether conn is marked to not be reused for any future requests
closing bool
closed bool
seenSettings bool // true if we've seen a settings frame, false otherwise
wantSettingsAck bool // we sent a SETTINGS frame and haven't heard back
goAway *GoAwayFrame // if non-nil, the GoAwayFrame we received
goAwayDebug string // goAway frame's debug data, retained as a string
streams map[uint32]*clientStream // client-initiated
streamsReserved int // incr by ReserveNewRequest; decr on RoundTrip
nextStreamID uint32
pendingRequests int // requests blocked and waiting to be sent because len(streams) == maxConcurrentStreams
pings map[[8]byte]chan struct{} // in flight ping data to notification channel
br *bufio.Reader
lastActive time.Time
lastIdle time.Time // time last idle
// Settings from peer: (also guarded by wmu)
maxFrameSize uint32
maxConcurrentStreams uint32
peerMaxHeaderListSize uint64
peerMaxHeaderTableSize uint32
initialWindowSize uint32
// reqHeaderMu is a 1-element semaphore channel controlling access to sending new requests.
// Write to reqHeaderMu to lock it, read from it to unlock.
// Lock reqmu BEFORE mu or wmu.
reqHeaderMu chan struct{}
// wmu is held while writing.
// Acquire BEFORE mu when holding both, to avoid blocking mu on network writes.
// Only acquire both at the same time when changing peer settings.
wmu sync.Mutex
bw *bufio.Writer
fr *Framer
werr error // first write error that has occurred
hbuf bytes.Buffer // HPACK encoder writes into this
henc *hpack.Encoder
}
// clientStream is the state for a single HTTP/2 stream. One of these
// is created for each Transport.RoundTrip call.
type clientStream struct {
cc *ClientConn
// Fields of Request that we may access even after the response body is closed.
ctx context.Context
reqCancel <-chan struct{}
trace *httptrace.ClientTrace // or nil
ID uint32
bufPipe pipe // buffered pipe with the flow-controlled response payload
requestedGzip bool
isHead bool
abortOnce sync.Once
abort chan struct{} // closed to signal stream should end immediately
abortErr error // set if abort is closed
peerClosed chan struct{} // closed when the peer sends an END_STREAM flag
donec chan struct{} // closed after the stream is in the closed state
on100 chan struct{} // buffered; written to if a 100 is received
respHeaderRecv chan struct{} // closed when headers are received
res *http.Response // set if respHeaderRecv is closed
flow outflow // guarded by cc.mu
inflow inflow // guarded by cc.mu
bytesRemain int64 // -1 means unknown; owned by transportResponseBody.Read
readErr error // sticky read error; owned by transportResponseBody.Read
reqBody io.ReadCloser
reqBodyContentLength int64 // -1 means unknown
reqBodyClosed chan struct{} // guarded by cc.mu; non-nil on Close, closed when done
// owned by writeRequest:
sentEndStream bool // sent an END_STREAM flag to the peer
sentHeaders bool
// owned by clientConnReadLoop:
firstByte bool // got the first response byte
pastHeaders bool // got first MetaHeadersFrame (actual headers)
pastTrailers bool // got optional second MetaHeadersFrame (trailers)
num1xx uint8 // number of 1xx responses seen
readClosed bool // peer sent an END_STREAM flag
readAborted bool // read loop reset the stream
trailer http.Header // accumulated trailers
resTrailer *http.Header // client's Response.Trailer
}
var got1xxFuncForTests func(int, textproto.MIMEHeader) error
// get1xxTraceFunc returns the value of request's httptrace.ClientTrace.Got1xxResponse func,
// if any. It returns nil if not set or if the Go version is too old.
func (cs *clientStream) get1xxTraceFunc() func(int, textproto.MIMEHeader) error {
if fn := got1xxFuncForTests; fn != nil {
return fn
}
return traceGot1xxResponseFunc(cs.trace)
}
func (cs *clientStream) abortStream(err error) {
cs.cc.mu.Lock()
defer cs.cc.mu.Unlock()
cs.abortStreamLocked(err)
}
func (cs *clientStream) abortStreamLocked(err error) {
cs.abortOnce.Do(func() {
cs.abortErr = err
close(cs.abort)
})
if cs.reqBody != nil {
cs.closeReqBodyLocked()
}
// TODO(dneil): Clean up tests where cs.cc.cond is nil.
if cs.cc.cond != nil {
// Wake up writeRequestBody if it is waiting on flow control.
cs.cc.cond.Broadcast()
}
}
func (cs *clientStream) abortRequestBodyWrite() {
cc := cs.cc
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
if cs.reqBody != nil && cs.reqBodyClosed == nil {
cs.closeReqBodyLocked()
cc.cond.Broadcast()
}
}
func (cs *clientStream) closeReqBodyLocked() {
if cs.reqBodyClosed != nil {
return
}
cs.reqBodyClosed = make(chan struct{})
reqBodyClosed := cs.reqBodyClosed
go func() {
cs.reqBody.Close()
close(reqBodyClosed)
}()
}
type stickyErrWriter struct {
conn net.Conn
timeout time.Duration
err *error
}
func (sew stickyErrWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
if *sew.err != nil {
return 0, *sew.err
}
for {
if sew.timeout != 0 {
sew.conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(sew.timeout))
}
nn, err := sew.conn.Write(p[n:])
n += nn
if n < len(p) && nn > 0 && errors.Is(err, os.ErrDeadlineExceeded) {
// Keep extending the deadline so long as we're making progress.
continue
}
if sew.timeout != 0 {
sew.conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Time{})
}
*sew.err = err
return n, err
}
}
// noCachedConnError is the concrete type of ErrNoCachedConn, which
// needs to be detected by net/http regardless of whether it's its
// bundled version (in h2_bundle.go with a rewritten type name) or
// from a user's x/net/http2. As such, as it has a unique method name
// (IsHTTP2NoCachedConnError) that net/http sniffs for via func
// isNoCachedConnError.
type noCachedConnError struct{}
func (noCachedConnError) IsHTTP2NoCachedConnError() {}
func (noCachedConnError) Error() string { return "http2: no cached connection was available" }
// isNoCachedConnError reports whether err is of type noCachedConnError
// or its equivalent renamed type in net/http2's h2_bundle.go. Both types
// may coexist in the same running program.
func isNoCachedConnError(err error) bool {
_, ok := err.(interface{ IsHTTP2NoCachedConnError() })
return ok
}
var ErrNoCachedConn error = noCachedConnError{}
// RoundTripOpt are options for the Transport.RoundTripOpt method.
type RoundTripOpt struct {
// OnlyCachedConn controls whether RoundTripOpt may
// create a new TCP connection. If set true and
// no cached connection is available, RoundTripOpt
// will return ErrNoCachedConn.
OnlyCachedConn bool
}
func (t *Transport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
return t.RoundTripOpt(req, RoundTripOpt{})
}
// authorityAddr returns a given authority (a host/IP, or host:port / ip:port)
// and returns a host:port. The port 443 is added if needed.
func authorityAddr(scheme string, authority string) (addr string) {
host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(authority)
if err != nil { // authority didn't have a port
port = "443"
if scheme == "http" {
port = "80"
}
host = authority
}
if a, err := idna.ToASCII(host); err == nil {
host = a
}
// IPv6 address literal, without a port:
if strings.HasPrefix(host, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(host, "]") {
return host + ":" + port
}
return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
}
var retryBackoffHook func(time.Duration) *time.Timer
func backoffNewTimer(d time.Duration) *time.Timer {
if retryBackoffHook != nil {
return retryBackoffHook(d)
}
return time.NewTimer(d)
}
// RoundTripOpt is like RoundTrip, but takes options.
func (t *Transport) RoundTripOpt(req *http.Request, opt RoundTripOpt) (*http.Response, error) {
if !(req.URL.Scheme == "https" || (req.URL.Scheme == "http" && t.AllowHTTP)) {
return nil, errors.New("http2: unsupported scheme")
}
addr := authorityAddr(req.URL.Scheme, req.URL.Host)
for retry := 0; ; retry++ {
cc, err := t.connPool().GetClientConn(req, addr)
if err != nil {
t.vlogf("http2: Transport failed to get client conn for %s: %v", addr, err)
return nil, err
}
reused := !atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(&cc.reused, 0, 1)
traceGotConn(req, cc, reused)
res, err := cc.RoundTrip(req)
if err != nil && retry <= 6 {
if req, err = shouldRetryRequest(req, err); err == nil {
// After the first retry, do exponential backoff with 10% jitter.
if retry == 0 {
t.vlogf("RoundTrip retrying after failure: %v", err)
continue
}
backoff := float64(uint(1) << (uint(retry) - 1))
backoff += backoff * (0.1 * mathrand.Float64())
d := time.Second * time.Duration(backoff)
timer := backoffNewTimer(d)
select {
case <-timer.C:
t.vlogf("RoundTrip retrying after failure: %v", err)
continue
case <-req.Context().Done():
timer.Stop()
err = req.Context().Err()
}
}
}
if err != nil {
t.vlogf("RoundTrip failure: %v", err)
return nil, err
}
return res, nil
}
}
// CloseIdleConnections closes any connections which were previously
// connected from previous requests but are now sitting idle.
// It does not interrupt any connections currently in use.
func (t *Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
if cp, ok := t.connPool().(clientConnPoolIdleCloser); ok {
cp.closeIdleConnections()
}
}
var (
errClientConnClosed = errors.New("http2: client conn is closed")
errClientConnUnusable = errors.New("http2: client conn not usable")
errClientConnGotGoAway = errors.New("http2: Transport received Server's graceful shutdown GOAWAY")
)
// shouldRetryRequest is called by RoundTrip when a request fails to get
// response headers. It is always called with a non-nil error.
// It returns either a request to retry (either the same request, or a
// modified clone), or an error if the request can't be replayed.
func shouldRetryRequest(req *http.Request, err error) (*http.Request, error) {
if !canRetryError(err) {
return nil, err
}
// If the Body is nil (or http.NoBody), it's safe to reuse
// this request and its Body.
if req.Body == nil || req.Body == http.NoBody {
return req, nil
}
// If the request body can be reset back to its original
// state via the optional req.GetBody, do that.
if req.GetBody != nil {
body, err := req.GetBody()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
newReq := *req
newReq.Body = body
return &newReq, nil
}
// The Request.Body can't reset back to the beginning, but we
// don't seem to have started to read from it yet, so reuse
// the request directly.
if err == errClientConnUnusable {
return req, nil
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("http2: Transport: cannot retry err [%v] after Request.Body was written; define Request.GetBody to avoid this error", err)
}
func canRetryError(err error) bool {
if err == errClientConnUnusable || err == errClientConnGotGoAway {
return true
}
if se, ok := err.(StreamError); ok {
if se.Code == ErrCodeProtocol && se.Cause == errFromPeer {
// See golang/go#47635, golang/go#42777
return true
}
return se.Code == ErrCodeRefusedStream
}
return false
}
func (t *Transport) dialClientConn(ctx context.Context, addr string, singleUse bool) (*ClientConn, error) {
host, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
tconn, err := t.dialTLS(ctx, "tcp", addr, t.newTLSConfig(host))
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return t.newClientConn(tconn, singleUse)
}
func (t *Transport) newTLSConfig(host string) *tls.Config {
cfg := new(tls.Config)
if t.TLSClientConfig != nil {
*cfg = *t.TLSClientConfig.Clone()
}
if !strSliceContains(cfg.NextProtos, NextProtoTLS) {
cfg.NextProtos = append([]string{NextProtoTLS}, cfg.NextProtos...)
}
if cfg.ServerName == "" {
cfg.ServerName = host
}
return cfg
}
func (t *Transport) dialTLS(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
if t.DialTLSContext != nil {
return t.DialTLSContext(ctx, network, addr, tlsCfg)
} else if t.DialTLS != nil {
return t.DialTLS(network, addr, tlsCfg)
}
tlsCn, err := t.dialTLSWithContext(ctx, network, addr, tlsCfg)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
state := tlsCn.ConnectionState()
if p := state.NegotiatedProtocol; p != NextProtoTLS {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("http2: unexpected ALPN protocol %q; want %q", p, NextProtoTLS)
}
if !state.NegotiatedProtocolIsMutual {
return nil, errors.New("http2: could not negotiate protocol mutually")
}
return tlsCn, nil
}
// disableKeepAlives reports whether connections should be closed as
// soon as possible after handling the first request.
func (t *Transport) disableKeepAlives() bool {
return t.t1 != nil && t.t1.DisableKeepAlives
}
func (t *Transport) expectContinueTimeout() time.Duration {
if t.t1 == nil {
return 0
}
return t.t1.ExpectContinueTimeout
}
func (t *Transport) maxDecoderHeaderTableSize() uint32 {
if v := t.MaxDecoderHeaderTableSize; v > 0 {
return v
}
return initialHeaderTableSize
}
func (t *Transport) maxEncoderHeaderTableSize() uint32 {
if v := t.MaxEncoderHeaderTableSize; v > 0 {
return v
}
return initialHeaderTableSize
}
func (t *Transport) NewClientConn(c net.Conn) (*ClientConn, error) {
return t.newClientConn(c, t.disableKeepAlives())
}
func (t *Transport) newClientConn(c net.Conn, singleUse bool) (*ClientConn, error) {
cc := &ClientConn{
t: t,
tconn: c,
readerDone: make(chan struct{}),
nextStreamID: 1,
maxFrameSize: 16 << 10, // spec default
initialWindowSize: 65535, // spec default
maxConcurrentStreams: initialMaxConcurrentStreams, // "infinite", per spec. Use a smaller value until we have received server settings.
peerMaxHeaderListSize: 0xffffffffffffffff, // "infinite", per spec. Use 2^64-1 instead.
streams: make(map[uint32]*clientStream),
singleUse: singleUse,
wantSettingsAck: true,
pings: make(map[[8]byte]chan struct{}),
reqHeaderMu: make(chan struct{}, 1),
}
if d := t.idleConnTimeout(); d != 0 {
cc.idleTimeout = d
cc.idleTimer = time.AfterFunc(d, cc.onIdleTimeout)
}
if VerboseLogs {
t.vlogf("http2: Transport creating client conn %p to %v", cc, c.RemoteAddr())
}
cc.cond = sync.NewCond(&cc.mu)
cc.flow.add(int32(initialWindowSize))
// TODO: adjust this writer size to account for frame size +
// MTU + crypto/tls record padding.
cc.bw = bufio.NewWriter(stickyErrWriter{
conn: c,
timeout: t.WriteByteTimeout,
err: &cc.werr,
})
cc.br = bufio.NewReader(c)
cc.fr = NewFramer(cc.bw, cc.br)
if t.maxFrameReadSize() != 0 {
cc.fr.SetMaxReadFrameSize(t.maxFrameReadSize())
}
if t.CountError != nil {
cc.fr.countError = t.CountError
}
maxHeaderTableSize := t.maxDecoderHeaderTableSize()
cc.fr.ReadMetaHeaders = hpack.NewDecoder(maxHeaderTableSize, nil)
cc.fr.MaxHeaderListSize = t.maxHeaderListSize()
cc.henc = hpack.NewEncoder(&cc.hbuf)
cc.henc.SetMaxDynamicTableSizeLimit(t.maxEncoderHeaderTableSize())
cc.peerMaxHeaderTableSize = initialHeaderTableSize
if t.AllowHTTP {
cc.nextStreamID = 3
}
if cs, ok := c.(connectionStater); ok {
state := cs.ConnectionState()
cc.tlsState = &state
}
initialSettings := []Setting{
{ID: SettingEnablePush, Val: 0},
{ID: SettingInitialWindowSize, Val: transportDefaultStreamFlow},
}
if max := t.maxFrameReadSize(); max != 0 {
initialSettings = append(initialSettings, Setting{ID: SettingMaxFrameSize, Val: max})
}
if max := t.maxHeaderListSize(); max != 0 {
initialSettings = append(initialSettings, Setting{ID: SettingMaxHeaderListSize, Val: max})
}
if maxHeaderTableSize != initialHeaderTableSize {
initialSettings = append(initialSettings, Setting{ID: SettingHeaderTableSize, Val: maxHeaderTableSize})
}
cc.bw.Write(clientPreface)
cc.fr.WriteSettings(initialSettings...)
cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, transportDefaultConnFlow)
cc.inflow.init(transportDefaultConnFlow + initialWindowSize)
cc.bw.Flush()
if cc.werr != nil {
cc.Close()
return nil, cc.werr
}
go cc.readLoop()
return cc, nil
}
func (cc *ClientConn) healthCheck() {
pingTimeout := cc.t.pingTimeout()
// We don't need to periodically ping in the health check, because the readLoop of ClientConn will
// trigger the healthCheck again if there is no frame received.
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), pingTimeout)
defer cancel()
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport sending health check")
err := cc.Ping(ctx)
if err != nil {
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport health check failure: %v", err)
cc.closeForLostPing()
} else {
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport health check success")
}
}
// SetDoNotReuse marks cc as not reusable for future HTTP requests.
func (cc *ClientConn) SetDoNotReuse() {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
cc.doNotReuse = true
}
func (cc *ClientConn) setGoAway(f *GoAwayFrame) {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
old := cc.goAway
cc.goAway = f
// Merge the previous and current GoAway error frames.
if cc.goAwayDebug == "" {
cc.goAwayDebug = string(f.DebugData())
}
if old != nil && old.ErrCode != ErrCodeNo {
cc.goAway.ErrCode = old.ErrCode
}
last := f.LastStreamID
for streamID, cs := range cc.streams {
if streamID > last {
cs.abortStreamLocked(errClientConnGotGoAway)
}
}
}
// CanTakeNewRequest reports whether the connection can take a new request,
// meaning it has not been closed or received or sent a GOAWAY.
//
// If the caller is going to immediately make a new request on this
// connection, use ReserveNewRequest instead.
func (cc *ClientConn) CanTakeNewRequest() bool {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
return cc.canTakeNewRequestLocked()
}
// ReserveNewRequest is like CanTakeNewRequest but also reserves a
// concurrent stream in cc. The reservation is decremented on the
// next call to RoundTrip.
func (cc *ClientConn) ReserveNewRequest() bool {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
if st := cc.idleStateLocked(); !st.canTakeNewRequest {
return false
}
cc.streamsReserved++
return true
}
// ClientConnState describes the state of a ClientConn.
type ClientConnState struct {
// Closed is whether the connection is closed.
Closed bool
// Closing is whether the connection is in the process of
// closing. It may be closing due to shutdown, being a
// single-use connection, being marked as DoNotReuse, or
// having received a GOAWAY frame.
Closing bool
// StreamsActive is how many streams are active.
StreamsActive int
// StreamsReserved is how many streams have been reserved via
// ClientConn.ReserveNewRequest.
StreamsReserved int
// StreamsPending is how many requests have been sent in excess
// of the peer's advertised MaxConcurrentStreams setting and
// are waiting for other streams to complete.
StreamsPending int
// MaxConcurrentStreams is how many concurrent streams the
// peer advertised as acceptable. Zero means no SETTINGS
// frame has been received yet.
MaxConcurrentStreams uint32
// LastIdle, if non-zero, is when the connection last
// transitioned to idle state.
LastIdle time.Time
}
// State returns a snapshot of cc's state.
func (cc *ClientConn) State() ClientConnState {
cc.wmu.Lock()
maxConcurrent := cc.maxConcurrentStreams
if !cc.seenSettings {
maxConcurrent = 0
}
cc.wmu.Unlock()
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
return ClientConnState{
Closed: cc.closed,
Closing: cc.closing || cc.singleUse || cc.doNotReuse || cc.goAway != nil,
StreamsActive: len(cc.streams),
StreamsReserved: cc.streamsReserved,
StreamsPending: cc.pendingRequests,
LastIdle: cc.lastIdle,
MaxConcurrentStreams: maxConcurrent,
}
}
// clientConnIdleState describes the suitability of a client
// connection to initiate a new RoundTrip request.
type clientConnIdleState struct {
canTakeNewRequest bool
}
func (cc *ClientConn) idleState() clientConnIdleState {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
return cc.idleStateLocked()
}
func (cc *ClientConn) idleStateLocked() (st clientConnIdleState) {
if cc.singleUse && cc.nextStreamID > 1 {
return
}
var maxConcurrentOkay bool
if cc.t.StrictMaxConcurrentStreams {
// We'll tell the caller we can take a new request to
// prevent the caller from dialing a new TCP
// connection, but then we'll block later before
// writing it.
maxConcurrentOkay = true
} else {
maxConcurrentOkay = int64(len(cc.streams)+cc.streamsReserved+1) <= int64(cc.maxConcurrentStreams)
}
st.canTakeNewRequest = cc.goAway == nil && !cc.closed && !cc.closing && maxConcurrentOkay &&
!cc.doNotReuse &&
int64(cc.nextStreamID)+2*int64(cc.pendingRequests) < math.MaxInt32 &&
!cc.tooIdleLocked()
return
}
func (cc *ClientConn) canTakeNewRequestLocked() bool {
st := cc.idleStateLocked()
return st.canTakeNewRequest
}
// tooIdleLocked reports whether this connection has been been sitting idle
// for too much wall time.
func (cc *ClientConn) tooIdleLocked() bool {
// The Round(0) strips the monontonic clock reading so the
// times are compared based on their wall time. We don't want
// to reuse a connection that's been sitting idle during
// VM/laptop suspend if monotonic time was also frozen.
return cc.idleTimeout != 0 && !cc.lastIdle.IsZero() && time.Since(cc.lastIdle.Round(0)) > cc.idleTimeout
}
// onIdleTimeout is called from a time.AfterFunc goroutine. It will
// only be called when we're idle, but because we're coming from a new
// goroutine, there could be a new request coming in at the same time,
// so this simply calls the synchronized closeIfIdle to shut down this
// connection. The timer could just call closeIfIdle, but this is more
// clear.
func (cc *ClientConn) onIdleTimeout() {
cc.closeIfIdle()
}
func (cc *ClientConn) closeConn() {
t := time.AfterFunc(250*time.Millisecond, cc.forceCloseConn)
defer t.Stop()
cc.tconn.Close()
}
// A tls.Conn.Close can hang for a long time if the peer is unresponsive.
// Try to shut it down more aggressively.
func (cc *ClientConn) forceCloseConn() {
tc, ok := cc.tconn.(*tls.Conn)
if !ok {
return
}
if nc := tlsUnderlyingConn(tc); nc != nil {
nc.Close()
}
}
func (cc *ClientConn) closeIfIdle() {
cc.mu.Lock()
if len(cc.streams) > 0 || cc.streamsReserved > 0 {
cc.mu.Unlock()
return
}
cc.closed = true
nextID := cc.nextStreamID
// TODO: do clients send GOAWAY too? maybe? Just Close:
cc.mu.Unlock()
if VerboseLogs {
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport closing idle conn %p (forSingleUse=%v, maxStream=%v)", cc, cc.singleUse, nextID-2)
}
cc.closeConn()
}
func (cc *ClientConn) isDoNotReuseAndIdle() bool {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
return cc.doNotReuse && len(cc.streams) == 0
}
var shutdownEnterWaitStateHook = func() {}
// Shutdown gracefully closes the client connection, waiting for running streams to complete.
func (cc *ClientConn) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
if err := cc.sendGoAway(); err != nil {
return err
}
// Wait for all in-flight streams to complete or connection to close
done := make(chan struct{})
cancelled := false // guarded by cc.mu
go func() {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
for {
if len(cc.streams) == 0 || cc.closed {
cc.closed = true
close(done)
break
}
if cancelled {
break
}
cc.cond.Wait()
}
}()
shutdownEnterWaitStateHook()
select {
case <-done:
cc.closeConn()
return nil
case <-ctx.Done():
cc.mu.Lock()
// Free the goroutine above
cancelled = true
cc.cond.Broadcast()
cc.mu.Unlock()
return ctx.Err()
}
}
func (cc *ClientConn) sendGoAway() error {
cc.mu.Lock()
closing := cc.closing
cc.closing = true
maxStreamID := cc.nextStreamID
cc.mu.Unlock()
if closing {
// GOAWAY sent already
return nil
}
cc.wmu.Lock()
defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
// Send a graceful shutdown frame to server
if err := cc.fr.WriteGoAway(maxStreamID, ErrCodeNo, nil); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := cc.bw.Flush(); err != nil {
return err
}
// Prevent new requests
return nil
}
// closes the client connection immediately. In-flight requests are interrupted.
// err is sent to streams.
func (cc *ClientConn) closeForError(err error) {
cc.mu.Lock()
cc.closed = true
for _, cs := range cc.streams {
cs.abortStreamLocked(err)
}
cc.cond.Broadcast()
cc.mu.Unlock()
cc.closeConn()
}
// Close closes the client connection immediately.
//
// In-flight requests are interrupted. For a graceful shutdown, use Shutdown instead.
func (cc *ClientConn) Close() error {
err := errors.New("http2: client connection force closed via ClientConn.Close")
cc.closeForError(err)
return nil
}
// closes the client connection immediately. In-flight requests are interrupted.
func (cc *ClientConn) closeForLostPing() {
err := errors.New("http2: client connection lost")
if f := cc.t.CountError; f != nil {
f("conn_close_lost_ping")
}
cc.closeForError(err)
}
// errRequestCanceled is a copy of net/http's errRequestCanceled because it's not
// exported. At least they'll be DeepEqual for h1-vs-h2 comparisons tests.
var errRequestCanceled = errors.New("net/http: request canceled")
func commaSeparatedTrailers(req *http.Request) (string, error) {
keys := make([]string, 0, len(req.Trailer))
for k := range req.Trailer {
k = canonicalHeader(k)
switch k {
case "Transfer-Encoding", "Trailer", "Content-Length":
return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid Trailer key %q", k)
}
keys = append(keys, k)
}
if len(keys) > 0 {
sort.Strings(keys)
return strings.Join(keys, ","), nil
}
return "", nil
}
func (cc *ClientConn) responseHeaderTimeout() time.Duration {
if cc.t.t1 != nil {
return cc.t.t1.ResponseHeaderTimeout
}
// No way to do this (yet?) with just an http2.Transport. Probably
// no need. Request.Cancel this is the new way. We only need to support
// this for compatibility with the old http.Transport fields when
// we're doing transparent http2.
return 0
}
// checkConnHeaders checks whether req has any invalid connection-level headers.
// per RFC 7540 section 8.1.2.2: Connection-Specific Header Fields.
// Certain headers are special-cased as okay but not transmitted later.
func checkConnHeaders(req *http.Request) error {
if v := req.Header.Get("Upgrade"); v != "" {
return fmt.Errorf("http2: invalid Upgrade request header: %q", req.Header["Upgrade"])
}
if vv := req.Header["Transfer-Encoding"]; len(vv) > 0 && (len(vv) > 1 || vv[0] != "" && vv[0] != "chunked") {
return fmt.Errorf("http2: invalid Transfer-Encoding request header: %q", vv)
}
if vv := req.Header["Connection"]; len(vv) > 0 && (len(vv) > 1 || vv[0] != "" && !asciiEqualFold(vv[0], "close") && !asciiEqualFold(vv[0], "keep-alive")) {
return fmt.Errorf("http2: invalid Connection request header: %q", vv)
}
return nil
}
// actualContentLength returns a sanitized version of
// req.ContentLength, where 0 actually means zero (not unknown) and -1
// means unknown.
func actualContentLength(req *http.Request) int64 {
if req.Body == nil || req.Body == http.NoBody {
return 0
}
if req.ContentLength != 0 {
return req.ContentLength
}
return -1
}
func (cc *ClientConn) decrStreamReservations() {
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
cc.decrStreamReservationsLocked()
}
func (cc *ClientConn) decrStreamReservationsLocked() {
if cc.streamsReserved > 0 {
cc.streamsReserved--
}
}
func (cc *ClientConn) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
ctx := req.Context()
cs := &clientStream{
cc: cc,
ctx: ctx,
reqCancel: req.Cancel,
isHead: req.Method == "HEAD",
reqBody: req.Body,
reqBodyContentLength: actualContentLength(req),
trace: httptrace.ContextClientTrace(ctx),
peerClosed: make(chan struct{}),
abort: make(chan struct{}),
respHeaderRecv: make(chan struct{}),
donec: make(chan struct{}),
}
go cs.doRequest(req)
waitDone := func() error {
select {
case <-cs.donec:
return nil
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
case <-cs.reqCancel:
return errRequestCanceled
}
}
handleResponseHeaders := func() (*http.Response, error) {
res := cs.res
if res.StatusCode > 299 {
// On error or status code 3xx, 4xx, 5xx, etc abort any
// ongoing write, assuming that the server doesn't care
// about our request body. If the server replied with 1xx or
// 2xx, however, then assume the server DOES potentially
// want our body (e.g. full-duplex streaming:
// golang.org/issue/13444). If it turns out the server
// doesn't, they'll RST_STREAM us soon enough. This is a
// heuristic to avoid adding knobs to Transport. Hopefully
// we can keep it.
cs.abortRequestBodyWrite()
}
res.Request = req
res.TLS = cc.tlsState
if res.Body == noBody && actualContentLength(req) == 0 {
// If there isn't a request or response body still being
// written, then wait for the stream to be closed before
// RoundTrip returns.
if err := waitDone(); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return res, nil
}
for {
select {
case <-cs.respHeaderRecv:
return handleResponseHeaders()
case <-cs.abort:
select {
case <-cs.respHeaderRecv:
// If both cs.respHeaderRecv and cs.abort are signaling,
// pick respHeaderRecv. The server probably wrote the
// response and immediately reset the stream.
// golang.org/issue/49645
return handleResponseHeaders()
default:
waitDone()
return nil, cs.abortErr
}
case <-ctx.Done():
err := ctx.Err()
cs.abortStream(err)
return nil, err
case <-cs.reqCancel:
cs.abortStream(errRequestCanceled)
return nil, errRequestCanceled
}
}
}
// doRequest runs for the duration of the request lifetime.
//
// It sends the request and performs post-request cleanup (closing Request.Body, etc.).
func (cs *clientStream) doRequest(req *http.Request) {
err := cs.writeRequest(req)
cs.cleanupWriteRequest(err)
}
// writeRequest sends a request.
//
// It returns nil after the request is written, the response read,
// and the request stream is half-closed by the peer.
//
// It returns non-nil if the request ends otherwise.
// If the returned error is StreamError, the error Code may be used in resetting the stream.
func (cs *clientStream) writeRequest(req *http.Request) (err error) {
cc := cs.cc
ctx := cs.ctx
if err := checkConnHeaders(req); err != nil {
return err
}
// Acquire the new-request lock by writing to reqHeaderMu.
// This lock guards the critical section covering allocating a new stream ID
// (requires mu) and creating the stream (requires wmu).
if cc.reqHeaderMu == nil {
panic("RoundTrip on uninitialized ClientConn") // for tests
}
select {
case cc.reqHeaderMu <- struct{}{}:
case <-cs.reqCancel:
return errRequestCanceled
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
}
cc.mu.Lock()
if cc.idleTimer != nil {
cc.idleTimer.Stop()
}
cc.decrStreamReservationsLocked()
if err := cc.awaitOpenSlotForStreamLocked(cs); err != nil {
cc.mu.Unlock()
<-cc.reqHeaderMu
return err
}
cc.addStreamLocked(cs) // assigns stream ID
if isConnectionCloseRequest(req) {
cc.doNotReuse = true
}
cc.mu.Unlock()
// TODO(bradfitz): this is a copy of the logic in net/http. Unify somewhere?
if !cc.t.disableCompression() &&
req.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding") == "" &&
req.Header.Get("Range") == "" &&
!cs.isHead {
// Request gzip only, not deflate. Deflate is ambiguous and
// not as universally supported anyway.
// See: path_to_url#faq39
//
// Note that we don't request this for HEAD requests,
// due to a bug in nginx:
// path_to_url
// path_to_url
//
// We don't request gzip if the request is for a range, since
// auto-decoding a portion of a gzipped document will just fail
// anyway. See path_to_url
cs.requestedGzip = true
}
continueTimeout := cc.t.expectContinueTimeout()
if continueTimeout != 0 {
if !httpguts.HeaderValuesContainsToken(req.Header["Expect"], "100-continue") {
continueTimeout = 0
} else {
cs.on100 = make(chan struct{}, 1)
}
}
// Past this point (where we send request headers), it is possible for
// RoundTrip to return successfully. Since the RoundTrip contract permits
// the caller to "mutate or reuse" the Request after closing the Response's Body,
// we must take care when referencing the Request from here on.
err = cs.encodeAndWriteHeaders(req)
<-cc.reqHeaderMu
if err != nil {
return err
}
hasBody := cs.reqBodyContentLength != 0
if !hasBody {
cs.sentEndStream = true
} else {
if continueTimeout != 0 {
traceWait100Continue(cs.trace)
timer := time.NewTimer(continueTimeout)
select {
case <-timer.C:
err = nil
case <-cs.on100:
err = nil
case <-cs.abort:
err = cs.abortErr
case <-ctx.Done():
err = ctx.Err()
case <-cs.reqCancel:
err = errRequestCanceled
}
timer.Stop()
if err != nil {
traceWroteRequest(cs.trace, err)
return err
}
}
if err = cs.writeRequestBody(req); err != nil {
if err != errStopReqBodyWrite {
traceWroteRequest(cs.trace, err)
return err
}
} else {
cs.sentEndStream = true
}
}
traceWroteRequest(cs.trace, err)
var respHeaderTimer <-chan time.Time
var respHeaderRecv chan struct{}
if d := cc.responseHeaderTimeout(); d != 0 {
timer := time.NewTimer(d)
defer timer.Stop()
respHeaderTimer = timer.C
respHeaderRecv = cs.respHeaderRecv
}
// Wait until the peer half-closes its end of the stream,
// or until the request is aborted (via context, error, or otherwise),
// whichever comes first.
for {
select {
case <-cs.peerClosed:
return nil
case <-respHeaderTimer:
return errTimeout
case <-respHeaderRecv:
respHeaderRecv = nil
respHeaderTimer = nil // keep waiting for END_STREAM
case <-cs.abort:
return cs.abortErr
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
case <-cs.reqCancel:
return errRequestCanceled
}
}
}
func (cs *clientStream) encodeAndWriteHeaders(req *http.Request) error {
cc := cs.cc
ctx := cs.ctx
cc.wmu.Lock()
defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
// If the request was canceled while waiting for cc.mu, just quit.
select {
case <-cs.abort:
return cs.abortErr
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
case <-cs.reqCancel:
return errRequestCanceled
default:
}
// Encode headers.
//
// we send: HEADERS{1}, CONTINUATION{0,} + DATA{0,} (DATA is
// sent by writeRequestBody below, along with any Trailers,
// again in form HEADERS{1}, CONTINUATION{0,})
trailers, err := commaSeparatedTrailers(req)
if err != nil {
return err
}
hasTrailers := trailers != ""
contentLen := actualContentLength(req)
hasBody := contentLen != 0
hdrs, err := cc.encodeHeaders(req, cs.requestedGzip, trailers, contentLen)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Write the request.
endStream := !hasBody && !hasTrailers
cs.sentHeaders = true
err = cc.writeHeaders(cs.ID, endStream, int(cc.maxFrameSize), hdrs)
traceWroteHeaders(cs.trace)
return err
}
// cleanupWriteRequest performs post-request tasks.
//
// If err (the result of writeRequest) is non-nil and the stream is not closed,
// cleanupWriteRequest will send a reset to the peer.
func (cs *clientStream) cleanupWriteRequest(err error) {
cc := cs.cc
if cs.ID == 0 {
// We were canceled before creating the stream, so return our reservation.
cc.decrStreamReservations()
}
// TODO: write h12Compare test showing whether
// Request.Body is closed by the Transport,
// and in multiple cases: server replies <=299 and >299
// while still writing request body
cc.mu.Lock()
mustCloseBody := false
if cs.reqBody != nil && cs.reqBodyClosed == nil {
mustCloseBody = true
cs.reqBodyClosed = make(chan struct{})
}
bodyClosed := cs.reqBodyClosed
cc.mu.Unlock()
if mustCloseBody {
cs.reqBody.Close()
close(bodyClosed)
}
if bodyClosed != nil {
<-bodyClosed
}
if err != nil && cs.sentEndStream {
// If the connection is closed immediately after the response is read,
// we may be aborted before finishing up here. If the stream was closed
// cleanly on both sides, there is no error.
select {
case <-cs.peerClosed:
err = nil
default:
}
}
if err != nil {
cs.abortStream(err) // possibly redundant, but harmless
if cs.sentHeaders {
if se, ok := err.(StreamError); ok {
if se.Cause != errFromPeer {
cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, se.Code, err)
}
} else {
cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeCancel, err)
}
}
cs.bufPipe.CloseWithError(err) // no-op if already closed
} else {
if cs.sentHeaders && !cs.sentEndStream {
cc.writeStreamReset(cs.ID, ErrCodeNo, nil)
}
cs.bufPipe.CloseWithError(errRequestCanceled)
}
if cs.ID != 0 {
cc.forgetStreamID(cs.ID)
}
cc.wmu.Lock()
werr := cc.werr
cc.wmu.Unlock()
if werr != nil {
cc.Close()
}
close(cs.donec)
}
// awaitOpenSlotForStreamLocked waits until len(streams) < maxConcurrentStreams.
// Must hold cc.mu.
func (cc *ClientConn) awaitOpenSlotForStreamLocked(cs *clientStream) error {
for {
cc.lastActive = time.Now()
if cc.closed || !cc.canTakeNewRequestLocked() {
return errClientConnUnusable
}
cc.lastIdle = time.Time{}
if int64(len(cc.streams)) < int64(cc.maxConcurrentStreams) {
return nil
}
cc.pendingRequests++
cc.cond.Wait()
cc.pendingRequests--
select {
case <-cs.abort:
return cs.abortErr
default:
}
}
}
// requires cc.wmu be held
func (cc *ClientConn) writeHeaders(streamID uint32, endStream bool, maxFrameSize int, hdrs []byte) error {
first := true // first frame written (HEADERS is first, then CONTINUATION)
for len(hdrs) > 0 && cc.werr == nil {
chunk := hdrs
if len(chunk) > maxFrameSize {
chunk = chunk[:maxFrameSize]
}
hdrs = hdrs[len(chunk):]
endHeaders := len(hdrs) == 0
if first {
cc.fr.WriteHeaders(HeadersFrameParam{
StreamID: streamID,
BlockFragment: chunk,
EndStream: endStream,
EndHeaders: endHeaders,
})
first = false
} else {
cc.fr.WriteContinuation(streamID, endHeaders, chunk)
}
}
cc.bw.Flush()
return cc.werr
}
// internal error values; they don't escape to callers
var (
// abort request body write; don't send cancel
errStopReqBodyWrite = errors.New("http2: aborting request body write")
// abort request body write, but send stream reset of cancel.
errStopReqBodyWriteAndCancel = errors.New("http2: canceling request")
errReqBodyTooLong = errors.New("http2: request body larger than specified content length")
)
// frameScratchBufferLen returns the length of a buffer to use for
// outgoing request bodies to read/write to/from.
//
// It returns max(1, min(peer's advertised max frame size,
// Request.ContentLength+1, 512KB)).
func (cs *clientStream) frameScratchBufferLen(maxFrameSize int) int {
const max = 512 << 10
n := int64(maxFrameSize)
if n > max {
n = max
}
if cl := cs.reqBodyContentLength; cl != -1 && cl+1 < n {
// Add an extra byte past the declared content-length to
// give the caller's Request.Body io.Reader a chance to
// give us more bytes than they declared, so we can catch it
// early.
n = cl + 1
}
if n < 1 {
return 1
}
return int(n) // doesn't truncate; max is 512K
}
var bufPool sync.Pool // of *[]byte
func (cs *clientStream) writeRequestBody(req *http.Request) (err error) {
cc := cs.cc
body := cs.reqBody
sentEnd := false // whether we sent the final DATA frame w/ END_STREAM
hasTrailers := req.Trailer != nil
remainLen := cs.reqBodyContentLength
hasContentLen := remainLen != -1
cc.mu.Lock()
maxFrameSize := int(cc.maxFrameSize)
cc.mu.Unlock()
// Scratch buffer for reading into & writing from.
scratchLen := cs.frameScratchBufferLen(maxFrameSize)
var buf []byte
if bp, ok := bufPool.Get().(*[]byte); ok && len(*bp) >= scratchLen {
defer bufPool.Put(bp)
buf = *bp
} else {
buf = make([]byte, scratchLen)
defer bufPool.Put(&buf)
}
var sawEOF bool
for !sawEOF {
n, err := body.Read(buf)
if hasContentLen {
remainLen -= int64(n)
if remainLen == 0 && err == nil {
// The request body's Content-Length was predeclared and
// we just finished reading it all, but the underlying io.Reader
// returned the final chunk with a nil error (which is one of
// the two valid things a Reader can do at EOF). Because we'd prefer
// to send the END_STREAM bit early, double-check that we're actually
// at EOF. Subsequent reads should return (0, EOF) at this point.
// If either value is different, we return an error in one of two ways below.
var scratch [1]byte
var n1 int
n1, err = body.Read(scratch[:])
remainLen -= int64(n1)
}
if remainLen < 0 {
err = errReqBodyTooLong
return err
}
}
if err != nil {
cc.mu.Lock()
bodyClosed := cs.reqBodyClosed != nil
cc.mu.Unlock()
switch {
case bodyClosed:
return errStopReqBodyWrite
case err == io.EOF:
sawEOF = true
err = nil
default:
return err
}
}
remain := buf[:n]
for len(remain) > 0 && err == nil {
var allowed int32
allowed, err = cs.awaitFlowControl(len(remain))
if err != nil {
return err
}
cc.wmu.Lock()
data := remain[:allowed]
remain = remain[allowed:]
sentEnd = sawEOF && len(remain) == 0 && !hasTrailers
err = cc.fr.WriteData(cs.ID, sentEnd, data)
if err == nil {
// TODO(bradfitz): this flush is for latency, not bandwidth.
// Most requests won't need this. Make this opt-in or
// opt-out? Use some heuristic on the body type? Nagel-like
// timers? Based on 'n'? Only last chunk of this for loop,
// unless flow control tokens are low? For now, always.
// If we change this, see comment below.
err = cc.bw.Flush()
}
cc.wmu.Unlock()
}
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
if sentEnd {
// Already sent END_STREAM (which implies we have no
// trailers) and flushed, because currently all
// WriteData frames above get a flush. So we're done.
return nil
}
// Since the RoundTrip contract permits the caller to "mutate or reuse"
// a request after the Response's Body is closed, verify that this hasn't
// happened before accessing the trailers.
cc.mu.Lock()
trailer := req.Trailer
err = cs.abortErr
cc.mu.Unlock()
if err != nil {
return err
}
cc.wmu.Lock()
defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
var trls []byte
if len(trailer) > 0 {
trls, err = cc.encodeTrailers(trailer)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
// Two ways to send END_STREAM: either with trailers, or
// with an empty DATA frame.
if len(trls) > 0 {
err = cc.writeHeaders(cs.ID, true, maxFrameSize, trls)
} else {
err = cc.fr.WriteData(cs.ID, true, nil)
}
if ferr := cc.bw.Flush(); ferr != nil && err == nil {
err = ferr
}
return err
}
// awaitFlowControl waits for [1, min(maxBytes, cc.cs.maxFrameSize)] flow
// control tokens from the server.
// It returns either the non-zero number of tokens taken or an error
// if the stream is dead.
func (cs *clientStream) awaitFlowControl(maxBytes int) (taken int32, err error) {
cc := cs.cc
ctx := cs.ctx
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
for {
if cc.closed {
return 0, errClientConnClosed
}
if cs.reqBodyClosed != nil {
return 0, errStopReqBodyWrite
}
select {
case <-cs.abort:
return 0, cs.abortErr
case <-ctx.Done():
return 0, ctx.Err()
case <-cs.reqCancel:
return 0, errRequestCanceled
default:
}
if a := cs.flow.available(); a > 0 {
take := a
if int(take) > maxBytes {
take = int32(maxBytes) // can't truncate int; take is int32
}
if take > int32(cc.maxFrameSize) {
take = int32(cc.maxFrameSize)
}
cs.flow.take(take)
return take, nil
}
cc.cond.Wait()
}
}
var errNilRequestURL = errors.New("http2: Request.URI is nil")
// requires cc.wmu be held.
func (cc *ClientConn) encodeHeaders(req *http.Request, addGzipHeader bool, trailers string, contentLength int64) ([]byte, error) {
cc.hbuf.Reset()
if req.URL == nil {
return nil, errNilRequestURL
}
host := req.Host
if host == "" {
host = req.URL.Host
}
host, err := httpguts.PunycodeHostPort(host)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
var path string
if req.Method != "CONNECT" {
path = req.URL.RequestURI()
if !validPseudoPath(path) {
orig := path
path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, req.URL.Scheme+"://"+host)
if !validPseudoPath(path) {
if req.URL.Opaque != "" {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid request :path %q from URL.Opaque = %q", orig, req.URL.Opaque)
} else {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid request :path %q", orig)
}
}
}
}
// Check for any invalid headers and return an error before we
// potentially pollute our hpack state. (We want to be able to
// continue to reuse the hpack encoder for future requests)
for k, vv := range req.Header {
if !httpguts.ValidHeaderFieldName(k) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid HTTP header name %q", k)
}
for _, v := range vv {
if !httpguts.ValidHeaderFieldValue(v) {
// Don't include the value in the error, because it may be sensitive.
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid HTTP header value for header %q", k)
}
}
}
enumerateHeaders := func(f func(name, value string)) {
// 8.1.2.3 Request Pseudo-Header Fields
// The :path pseudo-header field includes the path and query parts of the
// target URI (the path-absolute production and optionally a '?' character
// followed by the query production (see Sections 3.3 and 3.4 of
// [RFC3986]).
f(":authority", host)
m := req.Method
if m == "" {
m = http.MethodGet
}
f(":method", m)
if req.Method != "CONNECT" {
f(":path", path)
f(":scheme", req.URL.Scheme)
}
if trailers != "" {
f("trailer", trailers)
}
var didUA bool
for k, vv := range req.Header {
if asciiEqualFold(k, "host") || asciiEqualFold(k, "content-length") {
// Host is :authority, already sent.
// Content-Length is automatic, set below.
continue
} else if asciiEqualFold(k, "connection") ||
asciiEqualFold(k, "proxy-connection") ||
asciiEqualFold(k, "transfer-encoding") ||
asciiEqualFold(k, "upgrade") ||
asciiEqualFold(k, "keep-alive") {
// Per 8.1.2.2 Connection-Specific Header
// Fields, don't send connection-specific
// fields. We have already checked if any
// are error-worthy so just ignore the rest.
continue
} else if asciiEqualFold(k, "user-agent") {
// Match Go's http1 behavior: at most one
// User-Agent. If set to nil or empty string,
// then omit it. Otherwise if not mentioned,
// include the default (below).
didUA = true
if len(vv) < 1 {
continue
}
vv = vv[:1]
if vv[0] == "" {
continue
}
} else if asciiEqualFold(k, "cookie") {
// Per 8.1.2.5 To allow for better compression efficiency, the
// Cookie header field MAY be split into separate header fields,
// each with one or more cookie-pairs.
for _, v := range vv {
for {
p := strings.IndexByte(v, ';')
if p < 0 {
break
}
f("cookie", v[:p])
p++
// strip space after semicolon if any.
for p+1 <= len(v) && v[p] == ' ' {
p++
}
v = v[p:]
}
if len(v) > 0 {
f("cookie", v)
}
}
continue
}
for _, v := range vv {
f(k, v)
}
}
if shouldSendReqContentLength(req.Method, contentLength) {
f("content-length", strconv.FormatInt(contentLength, 10))
}
if addGzipHeader {
f("accept-encoding", "gzip")
}
if !didUA {
f("user-agent", defaultUserAgent)
}
}
// Do a first pass over the headers counting bytes to ensure
// we don't exceed cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize. This is done as a
// separate pass before encoding the headers to prevent
// modifying the hpack state.
hlSize := uint64(0)
enumerateHeaders(func(name, value string) {
hf := hpack.HeaderField{Name: name, Value: value}
hlSize += uint64(hf.Size())
})
if hlSize > cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize {
return nil, errRequestHeaderListSize
}
trace := httptrace.ContextClientTrace(req.Context())
traceHeaders := traceHasWroteHeaderField(trace)
// Header list size is ok. Write the headers.
enumerateHeaders(func(name, value string) {
name, ascii := lowerHeader(name)
if !ascii {
// Skip writing invalid headers. Per RFC 7540, Section 8.1.2, header
// field names have to be ASCII characters (just as in HTTP/1.x).
return
}
cc.writeHeader(name, value)
if traceHeaders {
traceWroteHeaderField(trace, name, value)
}
})
return cc.hbuf.Bytes(), nil
}
// shouldSendReqContentLength reports whether the http2.Transport should send
// a "content-length" request header. This logic is basically a copy of the net/http
// transferWriter.shouldSendContentLength.
// The contentLength is the corrected contentLength (so 0 means actually 0, not unknown).
// -1 means unknown.
func shouldSendReqContentLength(method string, contentLength int64) bool {
if contentLength > 0 {
return true
}
if contentLength < 0 {
return false
}
// For zero bodies, whether we send a content-length depends on the method.
// It also kinda doesn't matter for http2 either way, with END_STREAM.
switch method {
case "POST", "PUT", "PATCH":
return true
default:
return false
}
}
// requires cc.wmu be held.
func (cc *ClientConn) encodeTrailers(trailer http.Header) ([]byte, error) {
cc.hbuf.Reset()
hlSize := uint64(0)
for k, vv := range trailer {
for _, v := range vv {
hf := hpack.HeaderField{Name: k, Value: v}
hlSize += uint64(hf.Size())
}
}
if hlSize > cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize {
return nil, errRequestHeaderListSize
}
for k, vv := range trailer {
lowKey, ascii := lowerHeader(k)
if !ascii {
// Skip writing invalid headers. Per RFC 7540, Section 8.1.2, header
// field names have to be ASCII characters (just as in HTTP/1.x).
continue
}
// Transfer-Encoding, etc.. have already been filtered at the
// start of RoundTrip
for _, v := range vv {
cc.writeHeader(lowKey, v)
}
}
return cc.hbuf.Bytes(), nil
}
func (cc *ClientConn) writeHeader(name, value string) {
if VerboseLogs {
log.Printf("http2: Transport encoding header %q = %q", name, value)
}
cc.henc.WriteField(hpack.HeaderField{Name: name, Value: value})
}
type resAndError struct {
_ incomparable
res *http.Response
err error
}
// requires cc.mu be held.
func (cc *ClientConn) addStreamLocked(cs *clientStream) {
cs.flow.add(int32(cc.initialWindowSize))
cs.flow.setConnFlow(&cc.flow)
cs.inflow.init(transportDefaultStreamFlow)
cs.ID = cc.nextStreamID
cc.nextStreamID += 2
cc.streams[cs.ID] = cs
if cs.ID == 0 {
panic("assigned stream ID 0")
}
}
func (cc *ClientConn) forgetStreamID(id uint32) {
cc.mu.Lock()
slen := len(cc.streams)
delete(cc.streams, id)
if len(cc.streams) != slen-1 {
panic("forgetting unknown stream id")
}
cc.lastActive = time.Now()
if len(cc.streams) == 0 && cc.idleTimer != nil {
cc.idleTimer.Reset(cc.idleTimeout)
cc.lastIdle = time.Now()
}
// Wake up writeRequestBody via clientStream.awaitFlowControl and
// wake up RoundTrip if there is a pending request.
cc.cond.Broadcast()
closeOnIdle := cc.singleUse || cc.doNotReuse || cc.t.disableKeepAlives() || cc.goAway != nil
if closeOnIdle && cc.streamsReserved == 0 && len(cc.streams) == 0 {
if VerboseLogs {
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport closing idle conn %p (forSingleUse=%v, maxStream=%v)", cc, cc.singleUse, cc.nextStreamID-2)
}
cc.closed = true
defer cc.closeConn()
}
cc.mu.Unlock()
}
// clientConnReadLoop is the state owned by the clientConn's frame-reading readLoop.
type clientConnReadLoop struct {
_ incomparable
cc *ClientConn
}
// readLoop runs in its own goroutine and reads and dispatches frames.
func (cc *ClientConn) readLoop() {
rl := &clientConnReadLoop{cc: cc}
defer rl.cleanup()
cc.readerErr = rl.run()
if ce, ok := cc.readerErr.(ConnectionError); ok {
cc.wmu.Lock()
cc.fr.WriteGoAway(0, ErrCode(ce), nil)
cc.wmu.Unlock()
}
}
// GoAwayError is returned by the Transport when the server closes the
// TCP connection after sending a GOAWAY frame.
type GoAwayError struct {
LastStreamID uint32
ErrCode ErrCode
DebugData string
}
func (e GoAwayError) Error() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("http2: server sent GOAWAY and closed the connection; LastStreamID=%v, ErrCode=%v, debug=%q",
e.LastStreamID, e.ErrCode, e.DebugData)
}
func isEOFOrNetReadError(err error) bool {
if err == io.EOF {
return true
}
ne, ok := err.(*net.OpError)
return ok && ne.Op == "read"
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) cleanup() {
cc := rl.cc
cc.t.connPool().MarkDead(cc)
defer cc.closeConn()
defer close(cc.readerDone)
if cc.idleTimer != nil {
cc.idleTimer.Stop()
}
// Close any response bodies if the server closes prematurely.
// TODO: also do this if we've written the headers but not
// gotten a response yet.
err := cc.readerErr
cc.mu.Lock()
if cc.goAway != nil && isEOFOrNetReadError(err) {
err = GoAwayError{
LastStreamID: cc.goAway.LastStreamID,
ErrCode: cc.goAway.ErrCode,
DebugData: cc.goAwayDebug,
}
} else if err == io.EOF {
err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
}
cc.closed = true
for _, cs := range cc.streams {
select {
case <-cs.peerClosed:
// The server closed the stream before closing the conn,
// so no need to interrupt it.
default:
cs.abortStreamLocked(err)
}
}
cc.cond.Broadcast()
cc.mu.Unlock()
}
// countReadFrameError calls Transport.CountError with a string
// representing err.
func (cc *ClientConn) countReadFrameError(err error) {
f := cc.t.CountError
if f == nil || err == nil {
return
}
if ce, ok := err.(ConnectionError); ok {
errCode := ErrCode(ce)
f(fmt.Sprintf("read_frame_conn_error_%s", errCode.stringToken()))
return
}
if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
f("read_frame_eof")
return
}
if errors.Is(err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
f("read_frame_unexpected_eof")
return
}
if errors.Is(err, ErrFrameTooLarge) {
f("read_frame_too_large")
return
}
f("read_frame_other")
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) run() error {
cc := rl.cc
gotSettings := false
readIdleTimeout := cc.t.ReadIdleTimeout
var t *time.Timer
if readIdleTimeout != 0 {
t = time.AfterFunc(readIdleTimeout, cc.healthCheck)
defer t.Stop()
}
for {
f, err := cc.fr.ReadFrame()
if t != nil {
t.Reset(readIdleTimeout)
}
if err != nil {
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport readFrame error on conn %p: (%T) %v", cc, err, err)
}
if se, ok := err.(StreamError); ok {
if cs := rl.streamByID(se.StreamID); cs != nil {
if se.Cause == nil {
se.Cause = cc.fr.errDetail
}
rl.endStreamError(cs, se)
}
continue
} else if err != nil {
cc.countReadFrameError(err)
return err
}
if VerboseLogs {
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport received %s", summarizeFrame(f))
}
if !gotSettings {
if _, ok := f.(*SettingsFrame); !ok {
cc.logf("protocol error: received %T before a SETTINGS frame", f)
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
}
gotSettings = true
}
switch f := f.(type) {
case *MetaHeadersFrame:
err = rl.processHeaders(f)
case *DataFrame:
err = rl.processData(f)
case *GoAwayFrame:
err = rl.processGoAway(f)
case *RSTStreamFrame:
err = rl.processResetStream(f)
case *SettingsFrame:
err = rl.processSettings(f)
case *PushPromiseFrame:
err = rl.processPushPromise(f)
case *WindowUpdateFrame:
err = rl.processWindowUpdate(f)
case *PingFrame:
err = rl.processPing(f)
default:
cc.logf("Transport: unhandled response frame type %T", f)
}
if err != nil {
if VerboseLogs {
cc.vlogf("http2: Transport conn %p received error from processing frame %v: %v", cc, summarizeFrame(f), err)
}
return err
}
}
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processHeaders(f *MetaHeadersFrame) error {
cs := rl.streamByID(f.StreamID)
if cs == nil {
// We'd get here if we canceled a request while the
// server had its response still in flight. So if this
// was just something we canceled, ignore it.
return nil
}
if cs.readClosed {
rl.endStreamError(cs, StreamError{
StreamID: f.StreamID,
Code: ErrCodeProtocol,
Cause: errors.New("protocol error: headers after END_STREAM"),
})
return nil
}
if !cs.firstByte {
if cs.trace != nil {
// TODO(bradfitz): move first response byte earlier,
// when we first read the 9 byte header, not waiting
// until all the HEADERS+CONTINUATION frames have been
// merged. This works for now.
traceFirstResponseByte(cs.trace)
}
cs.firstByte = true
}
if !cs.pastHeaders {
cs.pastHeaders = true
} else {
return rl.processTrailers(cs, f)
}
res, err := rl.handleResponse(cs, f)
if err != nil {
if _, ok := err.(ConnectionError); ok {
return err
}
// Any other error type is a stream error.
rl.endStreamError(cs, StreamError{
StreamID: f.StreamID,
Code: ErrCodeProtocol,
Cause: err,
})
return nil // return nil from process* funcs to keep conn alive
}
if res == nil {
// (nil, nil) special case. See handleResponse docs.
return nil
}
cs.resTrailer = &res.Trailer
cs.res = res
close(cs.respHeaderRecv)
if f.StreamEnded() {
rl.endStream(cs)
}
return nil
}
// may return error types nil, or ConnectionError. Any other error value
// is a StreamError of type ErrCodeProtocol. The returned error in that case
// is the detail.
//
// As a special case, handleResponse may return (nil, nil) to skip the
// frame (currently only used for 1xx responses).
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) handleResponse(cs *clientStream, f *MetaHeadersFrame) (*http.Response, error) {
if f.Truncated {
return nil, errResponseHeaderListSize
}
status := f.PseudoValue("status")
if status == "" {
return nil, errors.New("malformed response from server: missing status pseudo header")
}
statusCode, err := strconv.Atoi(status)
if err != nil {
return nil, errors.New("malformed response from server: malformed non-numeric status pseudo header")
}
regularFields := f.RegularFields()
strs := make([]string, len(regularFields))
header := make(http.Header, len(regularFields))
res := &http.Response{
Proto: "HTTP/2.0",
ProtoMajor: 2,
Header: header,
StatusCode: statusCode,
Status: status + " " + http.StatusText(statusCode),
}
for _, hf := range regularFields {
key := canonicalHeader(hf.Name)
if key == "Trailer" {
t := res.Trailer
if t == nil {
t = make(http.Header)
res.Trailer = t
}
foreachHeaderElement(hf.Value, func(v string) {
t[canonicalHeader(v)] = nil
})
} else {
vv := header[key]
if vv == nil && len(strs) > 0 {
// More than likely this will be a single-element key.
// Most headers aren't multi-valued.
// Set the capacity on strs[0] to 1, so any future append
// won't extend the slice into the other strings.
vv, strs = strs[:1:1], strs[1:]
vv[0] = hf.Value
header[key] = vv
} else {
header[key] = append(vv, hf.Value)
}
}
}
if statusCode >= 100 && statusCode <= 199 {
if f.StreamEnded() {
return nil, errors.New("1xx informational response with END_STREAM flag")
}
cs.num1xx++
const max1xxResponses = 5 // arbitrary bound on number of informational responses, same as net/http
if cs.num1xx > max1xxResponses {
return nil, errors.New("http2: too many 1xx informational responses")
}
if fn := cs.get1xxTraceFunc(); fn != nil {
if err := fn(statusCode, textproto.MIMEHeader(header)); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
if statusCode == 100 {
traceGot100Continue(cs.trace)
select {
case cs.on100 <- struct{}{}:
default:
}
}
cs.pastHeaders = false // do it all again
return nil, nil
}
res.ContentLength = -1
if clens := res.Header["Content-Length"]; len(clens) == 1 {
if cl, err := strconv.ParseUint(clens[0], 10, 63); err == nil {
res.ContentLength = int64(cl)
} else {
// TODO: care? unlike http/1, it won't mess up our framing, so it's
// more safe smuggling-wise to ignore.
}
} else if len(clens) > 1 {
// TODO: care? unlike http/1, it won't mess up our framing, so it's
// more safe smuggling-wise to ignore.
} else if f.StreamEnded() && !cs.isHead {
res.ContentLength = 0
}
if cs.isHead {
res.Body = noBody
return res, nil
}
if f.StreamEnded() {
if res.ContentLength > 0 {
res.Body = missingBody{}
} else {
res.Body = noBody
}
return res, nil
}
cs.bufPipe.setBuffer(&dataBuffer{expected: res.ContentLength})
cs.bytesRemain = res.ContentLength
res.Body = transportResponseBody{cs}
if cs.requestedGzip && asciiEqualFold(res.Header.Get("Content-Encoding"), "gzip") {
res.Header.Del("Content-Encoding")
res.Header.Del("Content-Length")
res.ContentLength = -1
res.Body = &gzipReader{body: res.Body}
res.Uncompressed = true
}
return res, nil
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processTrailers(cs *clientStream, f *MetaHeadersFrame) error {
if cs.pastTrailers {
// Too many HEADERS frames for this stream.
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
}
cs.pastTrailers = true
if !f.StreamEnded() {
// We expect that any headers for trailers also
// has END_STREAM.
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
}
if len(f.PseudoFields()) > 0 {
// No pseudo header fields are defined for trailers.
// TODO: ConnectionError might be overly harsh? Check.
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
}
trailer := make(http.Header)
for _, hf := range f.RegularFields() {
key := canonicalHeader(hf.Name)
trailer[key] = append(trailer[key], hf.Value)
}
cs.trailer = trailer
rl.endStream(cs)
return nil
}
// transportResponseBody is the concrete type of Transport.RoundTrip's
// Response.Body. It is an io.ReadCloser.
type transportResponseBody struct {
cs *clientStream
}
func (b transportResponseBody) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
cs := b.cs
cc := cs.cc
if cs.readErr != nil {
return 0, cs.readErr
}
n, err = b.cs.bufPipe.Read(p)
if cs.bytesRemain != -1 {
if int64(n) > cs.bytesRemain {
n = int(cs.bytesRemain)
if err == nil {
err = errors.New("net/http: server replied with more than declared Content-Length; truncated")
cs.abortStream(err)
}
cs.readErr = err
return int(cs.bytesRemain), err
}
cs.bytesRemain -= int64(n)
if err == io.EOF && cs.bytesRemain > 0 {
err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
cs.readErr = err
return n, err
}
}
if n == 0 {
// No flow control tokens to send back.
return
}
cc.mu.Lock()
connAdd := cc.inflow.add(n)
var streamAdd int32
if err == nil { // No need to refresh if the stream is over or failed.
streamAdd = cs.inflow.add(n)
}
cc.mu.Unlock()
if connAdd != 0 || streamAdd != 0 {
cc.wmu.Lock()
defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
if connAdd != 0 {
cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, mustUint31(connAdd))
}
if streamAdd != 0 {
cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(cs.ID, mustUint31(streamAdd))
}
cc.bw.Flush()
}
return
}
var errClosedResponseBody = errors.New("http2: response body closed")
func (b transportResponseBody) Close() error {
cs := b.cs
cc := cs.cc
unread := cs.bufPipe.Len()
if unread > 0 {
cc.mu.Lock()
// Return connection-level flow control.
connAdd := cc.inflow.add(unread)
cc.mu.Unlock()
// TODO(dneil): Acquiring this mutex can block indefinitely.
// Move flow control return to a goroutine?
cc.wmu.Lock()
// Return connection-level flow control.
if connAdd > 0 {
cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, uint32(connAdd))
}
cc.bw.Flush()
cc.wmu.Unlock()
}
cs.bufPipe.BreakWithError(errClosedResponseBody)
cs.abortStream(errClosedResponseBody)
select {
case <-cs.donec:
case <-cs.ctx.Done():
// See golang/go#49366: The net/http package can cancel the
// request context after the response body is fully read.
// Don't treat this as an error.
return nil
case <-cs.reqCancel:
return errRequestCanceled
}
return nil
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processData(f *DataFrame) error {
cc := rl.cc
cs := rl.streamByID(f.StreamID)
data := f.Data()
if cs == nil {
cc.mu.Lock()
neverSent := cc.nextStreamID
cc.mu.Unlock()
if f.StreamID >= neverSent {
// We never asked for this.
cc.logf("http2: Transport received unsolicited DATA frame; closing connection")
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
}
// We probably did ask for this, but canceled. Just ignore it.
// TODO: be stricter here? only silently ignore things which
// we canceled, but not things which were closed normally
// by the peer? Tough without accumulating too much state.
// But at least return their flow control:
if f.Length > 0 {
cc.mu.Lock()
ok := cc.inflow.take(f.Length)
connAdd := cc.inflow.add(int(f.Length))
cc.mu.Unlock()
if !ok {
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeFlowControl)
}
if connAdd > 0 {
cc.wmu.Lock()
cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, uint32(connAdd))
cc.bw.Flush()
cc.wmu.Unlock()
}
}
return nil
}
if cs.readClosed {
cc.logf("protocol error: received DATA after END_STREAM")
rl.endStreamError(cs, StreamError{
StreamID: f.StreamID,
Code: ErrCodeProtocol,
})
return nil
}
if !cs.firstByte {
cc.logf("protocol error: received DATA before a HEADERS frame")
rl.endStreamError(cs, StreamError{
StreamID: f.StreamID,
Code: ErrCodeProtocol,
})
return nil
}
if f.Length > 0 {
if cs.isHead && len(data) > 0 {
cc.logf("protocol error: received DATA on a HEAD request")
rl.endStreamError(cs, StreamError{
StreamID: f.StreamID,
Code: ErrCodeProtocol,
})
return nil
}
// Check connection-level flow control.
cc.mu.Lock()
if !takeInflows(&cc.inflow, &cs.inflow, f.Length) {
cc.mu.Unlock()
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeFlowControl)
}
// Return any padded flow control now, since we won't
// refund it later on body reads.
var refund int
if pad := int(f.Length) - len(data); pad > 0 {
refund += pad
}
didReset := false
var err error
if len(data) > 0 {
if _, err = cs.bufPipe.Write(data); err != nil {
// Return len(data) now if the stream is already closed,
// since data will never be read.
didReset = true
refund += len(data)
}
}
sendConn := cc.inflow.add(refund)
var sendStream int32
if !didReset {
sendStream = cs.inflow.add(refund)
}
cc.mu.Unlock()
if sendConn > 0 || sendStream > 0 {
cc.wmu.Lock()
if sendConn > 0 {
cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(0, uint32(sendConn))
}
if sendStream > 0 {
cc.fr.WriteWindowUpdate(cs.ID, uint32(sendStream))
}
cc.bw.Flush()
cc.wmu.Unlock()
}
if err != nil {
rl.endStreamError(cs, err)
return nil
}
}
if f.StreamEnded() {
rl.endStream(cs)
}
return nil
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) endStream(cs *clientStream) {
// TODO: check that any declared content-length matches, like
// server.go's (*stream).endStream method.
if !cs.readClosed {
cs.readClosed = true
// Close cs.bufPipe and cs.peerClosed with cc.mu held to avoid a
// race condition: The caller can read io.EOF from Response.Body
// and close the body before we close cs.peerClosed, causing
// cleanupWriteRequest to send a RST_STREAM.
rl.cc.mu.Lock()
defer rl.cc.mu.Unlock()
cs.bufPipe.closeWithErrorAndCode(io.EOF, cs.copyTrailers)
close(cs.peerClosed)
}
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) endStreamError(cs *clientStream, err error) {
cs.readAborted = true
cs.abortStream(err)
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) streamByID(id uint32) *clientStream {
rl.cc.mu.Lock()
defer rl.cc.mu.Unlock()
cs := rl.cc.streams[id]
if cs != nil && !cs.readAborted {
return cs
}
return nil
}
func (cs *clientStream) copyTrailers() {
for k, vv := range cs.trailer {
t := cs.resTrailer
if *t == nil {
*t = make(http.Header)
}
(*t)[k] = vv
}
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processGoAway(f *GoAwayFrame) error {
cc := rl.cc
cc.t.connPool().MarkDead(cc)
if f.ErrCode != 0 {
// TODO: deal with GOAWAY more. particularly the error code
cc.vlogf("transport got GOAWAY with error code = %v", f.ErrCode)
if fn := cc.t.CountError; fn != nil {
fn("recv_goaway_" + f.ErrCode.stringToken())
}
}
cc.setGoAway(f)
return nil
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processSettings(f *SettingsFrame) error {
cc := rl.cc
// Locking both mu and wmu here allows frame encoding to read settings with only wmu held.
// Acquiring wmu when f.IsAck() is unnecessary, but convenient and mostly harmless.
cc.wmu.Lock()
defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
if err := rl.processSettingsNoWrite(f); err != nil {
return err
}
if !f.IsAck() {
cc.fr.WriteSettingsAck()
cc.bw.Flush()
}
return nil
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processSettingsNoWrite(f *SettingsFrame) error {
cc := rl.cc
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
if f.IsAck() {
if cc.wantSettingsAck {
cc.wantSettingsAck = false
return nil
}
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
}
var seenMaxConcurrentStreams bool
err := f.ForeachSetting(func(s Setting) error {
switch s.ID {
case SettingMaxFrameSize:
cc.maxFrameSize = s.Val
case SettingMaxConcurrentStreams:
cc.maxConcurrentStreams = s.Val
seenMaxConcurrentStreams = true
case SettingMaxHeaderListSize:
cc.peerMaxHeaderListSize = uint64(s.Val)
case SettingInitialWindowSize:
// Values above the maximum flow-control
// window size of 2^31-1 MUST be treated as a
// connection error (Section 5.4.1) of type
// FLOW_CONTROL_ERROR.
if s.Val > math.MaxInt32 {
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeFlowControl)
}
// Adjust flow control of currently-open
// frames by the difference of the old initial
// window size and this one.
delta := int32(s.Val) - int32(cc.initialWindowSize)
for _, cs := range cc.streams {
cs.flow.add(delta)
}
cc.cond.Broadcast()
cc.initialWindowSize = s.Val
case SettingHeaderTableSize:
cc.henc.SetMaxDynamicTableSize(s.Val)
cc.peerMaxHeaderTableSize = s.Val
default:
cc.vlogf("Unhandled Setting: %v", s)
}
return nil
})
if err != nil {
return err
}
if !cc.seenSettings {
if !seenMaxConcurrentStreams {
// This was the servers initial SETTINGS frame and it
// didn't contain a MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS field so
// increase the number of concurrent streams this
// connection can establish to our default.
cc.maxConcurrentStreams = defaultMaxConcurrentStreams
}
cc.seenSettings = true
}
return nil
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processWindowUpdate(f *WindowUpdateFrame) error {
cc := rl.cc
cs := rl.streamByID(f.StreamID)
if f.StreamID != 0 && cs == nil {
return nil
}
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
fl := &cc.flow
if cs != nil {
fl = &cs.flow
}
if !fl.add(int32(f.Increment)) {
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeFlowControl)
}
cc.cond.Broadcast()
return nil
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processResetStream(f *RSTStreamFrame) error {
cs := rl.streamByID(f.StreamID)
if cs == nil {
// TODO: return error if server tries to RST_STREAM an idle stream
return nil
}
serr := streamError(cs.ID, f.ErrCode)
serr.Cause = errFromPeer
if f.ErrCode == ErrCodeProtocol {
rl.cc.SetDoNotReuse()
}
if fn := cs.cc.t.CountError; fn != nil {
fn("recv_rststream_" + f.ErrCode.stringToken())
}
cs.abortStream(serr)
cs.bufPipe.CloseWithError(serr)
return nil
}
// Ping sends a PING frame to the server and waits for the ack.
func (cc *ClientConn) Ping(ctx context.Context) error {
c := make(chan struct{})
// Generate a random payload
var p [8]byte
for {
if _, err := rand.Read(p[:]); err != nil {
return err
}
cc.mu.Lock()
// check for dup before insert
if _, found := cc.pings[p]; !found {
cc.pings[p] = c
cc.mu.Unlock()
break
}
cc.mu.Unlock()
}
errc := make(chan error, 1)
go func() {
cc.wmu.Lock()
defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
if err := cc.fr.WritePing(false, p); err != nil {
errc <- err
return
}
if err := cc.bw.Flush(); err != nil {
errc <- err
return
}
}()
select {
case <-c:
return nil
case err := <-errc:
return err
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
case <-cc.readerDone:
// connection closed
return cc.readerErr
}
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processPing(f *PingFrame) error {
if f.IsAck() {
cc := rl.cc
cc.mu.Lock()
defer cc.mu.Unlock()
// If ack, notify listener if any
if c, ok := cc.pings[f.Data]; ok {
close(c)
delete(cc.pings, f.Data)
}
return nil
}
cc := rl.cc
cc.wmu.Lock()
defer cc.wmu.Unlock()
if err := cc.fr.WritePing(true, f.Data); err != nil {
return err
}
return cc.bw.Flush()
}
func (rl *clientConnReadLoop) processPushPromise(f *PushPromiseFrame) error {
// We told the peer we don't want them.
// Spec says:
// "PUSH_PROMISE MUST NOT be sent if the SETTINGS_ENABLE_PUSH
// setting of the peer endpoint is set to 0. An endpoint that
// has set this setting and has received acknowledgement MUST
// treat the receipt of a PUSH_PROMISE frame as a connection
// error (Section 5.4.1) of type PROTOCOL_ERROR."
return ConnectionError(ErrCodeProtocol)
}
func (cc *ClientConn) writeStreamReset(streamID uint32, code ErrCode, err error) {
// TODO: map err to more interesting error codes, once the
// HTTP community comes up with some. But currently for
// RST_STREAM there's no equivalent to GOAWAY frame's debug
// data, and the error codes are all pretty vague ("cancel").
cc.wmu.Lock()
cc.fr.WriteRSTStream(streamID, code)
cc.bw.Flush()
cc.wmu.Unlock()
}
var (
errResponseHeaderListSize = errors.New("http2: response header list larger than advertised limit")
errRequestHeaderListSize = errors.New("http2: request header list larger than peer's advertised limit")
)
func (cc *ClientConn) logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
cc.t.logf(format, args...)
}
func (cc *ClientConn) vlogf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
cc.t.vlogf(format, args...)
}
func (t *Transport) vlogf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
if VerboseLogs {
t.logf(format, args...)
}
}
func (t *Transport) logf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
log.Printf(format, args...)
}
var noBody io.ReadCloser = noBodyReader{}
type noBodyReader struct{}
func (noBodyReader) Close() error { return nil }
func (noBodyReader) Read([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, io.EOF }
type missingBody struct{}
func (missingBody) Close() error { return nil }
func (missingBody) Read([]byte) (int, error) { return 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF }
func strSliceContains(ss []string, s string) bool {
for _, v := range ss {
if v == s {
return true
}
}
return false
}
type erringRoundTripper struct{ err error }
func (rt erringRoundTripper) RoundTripErr() error { return rt.err }
func (rt erringRoundTripper) RoundTrip(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return nil, rt.err }
// gzipReader wraps a response body so it can lazily
// call gzip.NewReader on the first call to Read
type gzipReader struct {
_ incomparable
body io.ReadCloser // underlying Response.Body
zr *gzip.Reader // lazily-initialized gzip reader
zerr error // sticky error
}
func (gz *gzipReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
if gz.zerr != nil {
return 0, gz.zerr
}
if gz.zr == nil {
gz.zr, err = gzip.NewReader(gz.body)
if err != nil {
gz.zerr = err
return 0, err
}
}
return gz.zr.Read(p)
}
func (gz *gzipReader) Close() error {
if err := gz.body.Close(); err != nil {
return err
}
gz.zerr = fs.ErrClosed
return nil
}
type errorReader struct{ err error }
func (r errorReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) { return 0, r.err }
// isConnectionCloseRequest reports whether req should use its own
// connection for a single request and then close the connection.
func isConnectionCloseRequest(req *http.Request) bool {
return req.Close || httpguts.HeaderValuesContainsToken(req.Header["Connection"], "close")
}
// registerHTTPSProtocol calls Transport.RegisterProtocol but
// converting panics into errors.
func registerHTTPSProtocol(t *http.Transport, rt noDialH2RoundTripper) (err error) {
defer func() {
if e := recover(); e != nil {
err = fmt.Errorf("%v", e)
}
}()
t.RegisterProtocol("https", rt)
return nil
}
// noDialH2RoundTripper is a RoundTripper which only tries to complete the request
// if there's already has a cached connection to the host.
// (The field is exported so it can be accessed via reflect from net/http; tested
// by TestNoDialH2RoundTripperType)
type noDialH2RoundTripper struct{ *Transport }
func (rt noDialH2RoundTripper) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
res, err := rt.Transport.RoundTrip(req)
if isNoCachedConnError(err) {
return nil, http.ErrSkipAltProtocol
}
return res, err
}
func (t *Transport) idleConnTimeout() time.Duration {
if t.t1 != nil {
return t.t1.IdleConnTimeout
}
return 0
}
func traceGetConn(req *http.Request, hostPort string) {
trace := httptrace.ContextClientTrace(req.Context())
if trace == nil || trace.GetConn == nil {
return
}
trace.GetConn(hostPort)
}
func traceGotConn(req *http.Request, cc *ClientConn, reused bool) {
trace := httptrace.ContextClientTrace(req.Context())
if trace == nil || trace.GotConn == nil {
return
}
ci := httptrace.GotConnInfo{Conn: cc.tconn}
ci.Reused = reused
cc.mu.Lock()
ci.WasIdle = len(cc.streams) == 0 && reused
if ci.WasIdle && !cc.lastActive.IsZero() {
ci.IdleTime = time.Since(cc.lastActive)
}
cc.mu.Unlock()
trace.GotConn(ci)
}
func traceWroteHeaders(trace *httptrace.ClientTrace) {
if trace != nil && trace.WroteHeaders != nil {
trace.WroteHeaders()
}
}
func traceGot100Continue(trace *httptrace.ClientTrace) {
if trace != nil && trace.Got100Continue != nil {
trace.Got100Continue()
}
}
func traceWait100Continue(trace *httptrace.ClientTrace) {
if trace != nil && trace.Wait100Continue != nil {
trace.Wait100Continue()
}
}
func traceWroteRequest(trace *httptrace.ClientTrace, err error) {
if trace != nil && trace.WroteRequest != nil {
trace.WroteRequest(httptrace.WroteRequestInfo{Err: err})
}
}
func traceFirstResponseByte(trace *httptrace.ClientTrace) {
if trace != nil && trace.GotFirstResponseByte != nil {
trace.GotFirstResponseByte()
}
}
``` |
David Swan Oman (9 November 1866 – 10 April 1930) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Lismore, Victoria, to farmer William Oman and Jane Swan. He was educated locally and worked on his father's properties before acquiring property of his own at Highton in partnership with his brother. On 14 August 1895 he married Mary Seymour, with whom he had four children. He served on Hampden Shire Council from 1890 to 1930, with six separate terms as council president. In 1900 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the member for Ripon and Hampden, transferring to Hampden in 1904. Eventually a Nationalist, he was Minister of Agriculture from 1917 to 1920, Minister of Lands from 1920 to 1923 and from March to July 1924, Minister of Immigration from May to September 1923 and March to July 1924, and Minister in charge of the Wheat Scheme from March to July 1924. Although involved with the Victorian Farmers' Union, he never joined the Country Party. Oman was defeated in 1927 and died in Lismore in 1930.
References
1866 births
1930 deaths
Nationalist Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Victoria
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Presidents of the Board of Land and Works
Ministers for Agriculture (Victoria) |
Duke Wu of Chen (; reigned 795 BC – died 781 BC), given name Ling (靈), was the eighth ruler of the ancient Chinese state of Chen during the Western Zhou dynasty. Wu was his posthumous name.
Duke Wu succeeded his father Duke Xi of Chen, who died in 796 BC. Duke Xi's reign coincided with that of King Xuan of Zhou. He reigned for 15 years and died in 781 BC, the year that King You, the last king of Western Zhou, ascended the throne. Duke Wu was succeeded by his son Yue, known as Duke Yi of Chen. Duke Yi died after only three years of reign, and was succeeded by his younger brother Xie, known as Duke Ping of Chen.
References
Bibliography
Monarchs of Chen (state)
8th-century BC Chinese monarchs
781 BC deaths |
```xml
import { hasBasePath } from './has-base-path'
const basePath = (process.env.__NEXT_ROUTER_BASEPATH as string) || ''
export function removeBasePath(path: string): string {
if (process.env.__NEXT_MANUAL_CLIENT_BASE_PATH) {
if (!hasBasePath(path)) {
return path
}
}
// Can't trim the basePath if it has zero length!
if (basePath.length === 0) return path
path = path.slice(basePath.length)
if (!path.startsWith('/')) path = `/${path}`
return path
}
``` |
```yaml
{{- /*
*/}}
{{- if not .Values.mariadb.enabled }}
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: {{ printf "%s-%s" .Release.Name "externaldb" | trunc 63 | trimSuffix "-" }}
namespace: {{ include "common.names.namespace" . | quote }}
labels: {{- include "common.labels.standard" ( dict "customLabels" .Values.commonLabels "context" $ ) | nindent 4 }}
{{- if .Values.commonAnnotations }}
annotations: {{- include "common.tplvalues.render" ( dict "value" .Values.commonAnnotations "context" $ ) | nindent 4 }}
{{- end }}
type: Opaque
data:
mariadb-password: {{ .Values.externalDatabase.password | b64enc | quote }}
{{- end }}
``` |
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