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Lucas Samalenge (2 October 1928 – 19 November 1961) was a Congolese and Katangese politician who was Katanga's Secretary of State of Information.
Early life and career
Samalenge was born on 2 October 1928. He became a nationally elected Member of Parliament for the CONAKAT party for the district of Élisabethville. This party consisted mostly of Southern Katangese people, including Moïse Tshombe and Godefroid Munongo. He was the only MP of his party to vote the investiture at the Lumumba Government in June 1960.
During the mutiny of the Force Publique, on 5 July, a Provincial Council in Élisabethville reexamined the appointment of a State Commissioner for the Katanga Province. Jason Sendwe, Tshombe's main political rival, held the position, but the Council opposed his appointment. The candidates who were put forward to replace Sendwe were , Samalenge, and Bonaventure Makonga. Sendwe, however, retained his position.
Katangese secession
When Katangese provincial governor Moïse Tshombe declared the independence of the State of Katanga from the Congo, four delegations were sent out abroad to explain what happened in the region. They were headed by Jean-Baptiste Kibwe, Évariste Kibwe, Henri Ndala Kambola, and Samalenge. Samalenge's delegation further consisted of H. Schumacker and Rémy Kabamba. They were to organise, in Brazzaville, a clandestine office for propaganda destined for the Republic of the Congo, the "Voice of Liberty" (Voix de la liberté), and get in touch with resistance movements such as Jabako (youth wing of Abako), Jepuna (youth wing of Puna), MNC-Kalonji and organise a propaganda campaign.
In October 1960, five Secretariats of State were created in Katanga, thereby enlarging the government. Samalenge became the Secretary of State of Information. His Chef de cabinet was the Belgian journalist Etienne Ugeux and deputy Chef de cabinet was Barthélemy Bwengu. Public relations officer for Samalenge's office was Christian Souris, who later wrote a novel based on true facts under the pseudonym Christian Lanciney, named Les héros sont affreux. Ugeux's son Dominique Ugeux claimed that Tshombe alerted Etienne Ugeux that Samalenge had no experience in the field of information and was only picked for political and ethnic reasons.
According to political scientist Catherine Hoskyns, his office had a dual function of offering a Katangese nationalism for the Katangese people, and to brand the country as a peaceful, prosperous, Western-oriented state endangered by black nationalism and pro-communist forces in the Congo and at the United Nations. The information secretariat coordinated the Katangese representations in Brussels (headed by Jacques Masangu), Paris (headed by Dominique Diur), and the Katanga Information Services in New York (headed by Michel Struelens), as well as the various pro-Katangese groups abroad. In March 1961, Tshombe sent out Samalenge to Paris for several months in order to negotiate with ORTF the creation of a television station in Katanga, which did not exist at the time. According to Etienne Ugeux's son, this was done by Tshombe to remove Samalenge from his office for a few months because of his "incompetence". He characterised Samalenge as an "inveterate show-off" who "liked the good life".
The propaganda efforts abroad in Katanga and abroad were successful. After Operation Rum Punch in August 1961, it seemed as if the secession was on its last legs, but the failure of Operation Morthor and the death of UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld further consolidated the regime. Samalenge issued a statement in October 1961 in which he boasted that the 1.7 million Katangans have defeated the whole United Nations of more than 2 billion people, which succeeded because Katanga was in the right, according to him.
Assassination of Lumumba
At the time of the arrival of prisoners Patrice Lumumba, Maurice Mpolo, and Joseph Okito in a Douglas DC-4 plane at the airport of Luano in Katanga's capital Élisabethville during the afternoon of 17 January 1961, Samalenge was at the Cinéma Palace movie theatre with his Chef de cabinet Etienne Ugeux and Tshombe at a screening of the Moral Re-Armament campaign when Tshombe was called to his residence somewhere between 16:00 and 17:00. Minister of Finance Jean-Baptiste Kibwe later denied that Samalenge was present when the three Congolese politicians were assassinated near Élisabethville, but other sources place him at the execution.
Samalenge was one of the very first individuals, or perhaps the first individual, to reveal Lumumba's death. According to Carlo Huyghé, he went on a pub crawl on the streets of the capital on 18 January and drunkenly confided to journalist Léopold Daffe of the Secretariat of Information the details of the assassination. According to Ludo De Witte, Samalenge went to the busy bar Le Relais and told everyone that Lumumba was murdered and he kicked his corpse. He then went around repeating the story until the police took him away.
Death
Lucas Samalenge died on 19 November 1961 under suspicious circumstances. Jules Chomé, Belgian lawyer and critic of the Katangese secession (and, later, a notable critic of Mobutu Sese Seko) reported that he officially died during a hunting incident, but that he was probably assassinated because he knew too much about the death of Lumumba. According to the official version, Frédéric Vandewalle wrote, Samalenge was the victim of a hunting accident caused by a member of his cabinet, but the public rumour suggested an assassination. The alleged incident took place in the woods 120 km northwest of Élisabethville.
His death occurred during the same week of Katangese Minister of National Education Joseph Kiwele's death of a brain thrombosis on 14 November. His body showed gunshot wounds in his neck, and when he was found, the people accompanying Samalenge already disappeared. They were never identified.
Legacy
In 1961, a literary competition named "Lucas Samalenge" was organised in Élisabethville.
See also
List of unsolved deaths
References
Notes
1928 births
1961 deaths
Accidental deaths in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
CONAKAT politicians
Deaths by firearm in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo anti-communists
Firearm accident victims
Government ministers of the State of Katanga
Hunting accident deaths
People of the Congo Crisis
People from the State of Katanga
Unsolved deaths |
Regencies () and cities (kota) are the second-level administrative subdivision in Indonesia, immediately below the provinces, and above the districts. Regencies are roughly equivalent to American counties, although most cities in the United States are below the counties. Following the implementation of decentralization beginning on 1 January 2001, regencies and city municipalities became the key administrative units responsible for providing most governmental services. Each of regencies and cities has their own local government and legislative body.
The difference between a regency and a city lies in demography, size, and economy. Generally, a regency comprises a rural area larger than a city, but also often includes various towns. A city usually has non-agricultural economic activities. A regency is headed by a regent (bupati), while a city is headed by a mayor (wali kota). All regents, mayors, and members of legislatures are directly elected via elections to serve for a five-year term which can be renewed once. Each regency or city is divided further into districts more commonly known as kecamatan (except in Western New Guinea, where distrik is used).
An administrative city (kota administrasi) or an administrative regency () is a subdivision of province without its own local legislatures (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah). The leader of administrative city or administrative regency is directly appointed by the governor. This type of city and regency in Indonesia is only found in Jakarta which consisted of five administrative cities and one administrative regency.
, there were 514-second-level administrative divisions (416 regencies and 98 cities) in Indonesia. The list below groups regencies and cities in Indonesia by provinces. Each regency has an administrative centre, the regency seat.
List of regencies and cities by province
Sumatra
Aceh
North Sumatra
West Sumatra
Jambi
Riau
Bengkulu
South Sumatra
Lampung
Bangka Belitung Islands
Riau Islands
Java
Special Capital Region of Jakarta
Banten
West Java
Central Java
East Java
Special Region of Yogyakarta
Lesser Sunda Islands
Bali
West Nusa Tenggara
East Nusa Tenggara
Kalimantan
West Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
Central Kalimantan
East Kalimantan
North Kalimantan
Sulawesi
Gorontalo
South Sulawesi
West Sulawesi
Southeast Sulawesi
Central Sulawesi
North Sulawesi
Maluku Islands
Maluku
North Maluku
Western New Guinea
West Papua
Papua
Highland Papua
Central Papua
South Papua
Southwest Papua
Superlatives
Superlatives of cities can be found at Indonesian Wikipedia articles Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk and Daftar kota di Indonesia menurut luas wilayah. Although the least populated regency in Indonesian by various sources is held by Tana Tidung Regency of North Kalimantan, Tambrauw Regency is included here instead because it is effectively has fewer population of about 13 thousand people compared to 24 thousand people of Tana Tidung Regency.
Subdivision splits
Following the Regional Autonomy Act () of 1999, many regencies have been split to create additional regencies and cities, the number of such divisions were thus increased to 514. However, these territorial splits can sometimes lead into corruption cases. As of 2020, any further proposals for territorial splits are still under a moratorium.
The latest new regencies split from existing regencies were South Buton Regency, Central Buton Regency and West Muna Regency in July 2014, while the latest cities were South Tangerang and Gunungsitoli in October 2008. There are no cities which have been split into other subdivisions, although the administrative regency of Thousand Islands was split from North Jakarta administrative city in 2001. Despite the name of South Tangerang being similar to that of Tangerang city, South Tangerang was actually split from Tangerang Regency.
In two special cases, all subdivisions of North Maluku and Riau Islands were made from parts of the defunct North Maluku Regency and Riau Islands Regency, respectively. All subdivisions of North Kalimantan are also made from lands of Bulungan Regency, but its area was split to several regencies before the province was established. Central Java and Special Region of Yogyakarta are the only provinces which have not had any subdivision splits. Listed below are the subdivision splits from 2007 to the most recent ones in 2014; for pre-2007 splits see also main article in Indonesian Wikipedia.
2014
Southeast Sulawesi
South Buton Regency from Buton Regency (23 July 2014)
Central Buton Regency from Buton Regency (23 July 2014)
West Muna Regency from Muna Regency (23 July 2014)
2013
South Sumatra
North Musi Rawas Regency from Musi Rawas Regency (10 June 2013)
Central Sulawesi
North Morowali Regency from Morowali Regency (12 April 2013)
Southeast Sulawesi
Konawe Islands Regency from Konawe Regency (12 April 2013)
2012
South Sumatra
Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency from Muara Enim Regency (14 December 2012)
East Nusa Tenggara
Malaka Regency from Belu Regency (14 December 2012)
East Kalimantan
Mahakam Ulu Regency from West Kutai Regency (14 December 2012)
Central Sulawesi
Banggai Laut Regency from Banggai Islands Regency (14 December 2012)
West Sulawesi
Central Mamuju Regency from Mamuju Regency (14 December 2012)
Southeast Sulawesi
East Kolaka Regency from Kolaka Regency (14 December 2012)
North Maluku
Taliabu Island Regency from Sula Islands Regency (14 December 2012)
Lampung
Pesisir Barat Regency from West Lampung Regency (25 October 2012)
West Java
Pangandaran Regency from Ciamis Regency (25 October 2012)
West Papua
South Manokwari Regency and Arfak Mountains Regency from Manokwari Regency (25 October 2012)
2008
North Sumatra
Gunungsitoli city from Nias Regency (29 October 2008)
North Nias Regency from Nias Regency (29 October 2008)
West Nias Regency from Nias Regency (29 October 2008)
North Labuhan Batu Regency from Labuhan Batu Regency (24 June 2008)
South Labuhan Batu Regency from Labuhan Batu Regency (24 June 2008)
Jambi
Sungai Penuh from Kerinci Regency (24 June 2008)
Riau
Meranti Islands Regency from Bengkalis Regency (19 December 2008)
Bengkulu
Central Bengkulu Regency from North Bengkulu Regency (24 June 2008)
Lampung
Mesuji Regency from Tulang Bawang Regency (29 October 2008)
West Tulang Bawang Regency from Tulang Bawang Regency (29 October 2008)
Pringsewu Regency from Tanggamus Regency (29 October 2008)
Riau Islands
Anambas Islands Regency from Natuna Regency (24 June 2008)
Banten
South Tangerang city from Tangerang Regency (29 October 2008)
West Nusa Tenggara
North Lombok Regency from West Lombok Regency (24 June 2008)
East Nusa Tenggara
Sabu Raijua Regency from Kupang Regency (29 October 2008)
North Sulawesi
East Bolaang Mongondow Regency from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (24 June 2008)
South Bolaang Mongondow Regency from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (24 June 2008)
Central Sulawesi
Sigi Regency from Donggala Regency (24 June 2008)
South Sulawesi
North Toraja Regency from Tana Toraja Regency (24 June 2008)
Maluku
South Buru Regency from Buru Regency (24 June 2008)
Southwest Maluku Regency from Western Southeast Maluku Regency (Tanimbar Islands Regency) (24 June 2008)
North Maluku
Morotai Island Regency from North Halmahera Regency (29 October 2008)
West Papua
Tambrauw Regency from Sorong Regency, South Sorong Regency and Manokwari Regency (29 October 2008)
Maybrat Regency from Sorong Regency (19 December 2008)
Papua
Lanny Jaya Regency, Central Mamberamo Regency, Nduga Regency and Yalimo Regency from Jayawijaya Regency (4 January 2008)
Puncak Regency from Puncak Jaya Regency (4 January 2008)
Dogiyai Regency from Nabire Regency (4 January 2008)
Deiyai Regency and Intan Jaya Regency from Paniai Regency (29 October 2008)
2007
Aceh
Subulussalam from Aceh Singkil Regency (2 January 2007)
Pidie Jaya Regency from Pidie Regency (2 January 2007)
North Sumatra
Batubara Regency from Asahan Regency (2 January 2007)
Padang Lawas Regency and North Padang Lawas Regency from South Tapanuli Regency (17 July 2007)
South Sumatra
Empat Lawang Regency from Lahat Regency (2 January 2007)
Lampung
Pesawaran Regency from South Lampung Regency (17 July 2007)
Banten
Serang from Serang Regency (17 July 2007)
West Java
West Bandung Regency from Bandung Regency (2 January 2007)
East Nusa Tenggara
Nagekeo Regency from Ngada Regency (2 January 2007)
Central Sumba Regency and Southwest Sumba Regency from West Sumba Regency (2 January 2007)
East Manggarai Regency from Manggarai Regency (17 July 2007)
West Kalimantan
Kubu Raya Regency from Pontianak Regency (Mempawah Regency) (17 July 2007)
North Kalimantan
Tana Tidung Regency from Bulungan Regency (17 July 2007)
North Sulawesi
Kotamobagu and North Bolaang Mongondow Regency from Bolaang Mongondow Regency (2 January 2007)
Siau Tagulandang Biaro Islands Regency from Sangihe Islands Regency (2 January 2007)
Southeast Minahasa Regency from South Minahasa Regency (2 January 2007)
Gorontalo
North Gorontalo Regency from Gorontalo Regency (2 January 2007)
Southeast Sulawesi
North Konawe Regency from Konawe Regency (2 January 2007)
North Buton Regency from Muna Regency (2 January 2007)
Maluku
Tual from Southeast Maluku Regency (17 July 2007)
Papua
Mamberamo Raya Regency from Sarmi Regency (15 March 2007)
Former regencies
These regencies are defunct by splitting its lands together, or renamed. This list does not include colonial-era regencies, or former regencies of the former province of East Timor.
See also
List of Indonesian cities by population
List of Indonesian regencies by population
References
Subdivisions of Indonesia
Regencies, Indonesia
Regencies and cities
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Ray of Sunshine () is a 1919 Dutch silent film directed by Theo Frenkel.
Cast
Kees Lageman - Jan van Zutphen
Frits Bouwmeester - Maurits Groen
Annie Wesling - Maurits Groen's vrouw
External links
1919 films
Dutch silent feature films
Dutch black-and-white films
Films directed by Theo Frenkel |
Over 800 reports were made publicly during the 1947 flying disc craze. Such reports quickly spread throughout the United States, and some sources estimate the reports may have numbered in the thousands.
Table
Index number from Bloecher (1967)
References
June 1947 events in the United States
July 1947 events in the United States
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 1947
1940s fads and trends
Folklore studies
Religious studies
UFO sightings in the United States
Flying saucers
1947 flying disc craze |
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Two-Face (Harvey Dent) is a supervillain appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, commonly as an adversary of the superhero Batman. The character was created by Bob Kane and first appeared in Detective Comics #66 (August 1942). As one of Batman's most enduring enemies, Two-Face belongs to the collective of adversaries that make up Batman's rogues gallery.
Once a bright and upstanding district attorney of Gotham City dedicated to ridding its streets of crime and corruption, Harvey Dent is hideously scarred on the left side of his face after mob boss Sal Maroni throws acidic chemicals at him during a court trial. He subsequently goes insane and adopts the "Two-Face" persona, becoming a criminal obsessed with the number two, the concept of duality, and the conflict between good and evil. Two-Face obsessively makes all important decisions by flipping a two-headed coin, with the other half scarred. The character was reinvented for the Modern Age of Comic Books as having dissociative identity disorder, with Two-Face being an alter, which stemmed from the abuse Harvey received from his father during his childhood. The modern version is established as having once been a personal friend and ally of James Gordon and Batman, as well as a friend of Batman's secret identity, Bruce Wayne.
Two-Face has no superpowers, instead relying on his proficiency in marksmanship and martial arts, which was further improved after being trained by Deathstroke and Batman. As a former lawyer, the character uses his expertise in criminal law, criminology, and police procedures to devise his crimes.
The character has been adapted into numerous forms of media, having been portrayed in live action by Billy Dee Williams in the 1989 film Batman, Tommy Lee Jones in the 1995 film Batman Forever, Aaron Eckhart in 2008 film The Dark Knight, Nicholas D'Agosto on the Fox television series Gotham, and Misha Collins on The CW television series Gotham Knights. Richard Moll, Troy Baker, and others have provided Two-Face's voice ranging from animation to video games.
In 2009, Two-Face was ranked as IGN's 12th-greatest comic book villain of all time.
Publication history
Creation and Golden Age history
Two-Face was created by Batman co-creator Bob Kane, and debuted in Detective Comics #66 ("The Crimes of Two-Face"), written by Batman's other co-creator Bill Finger, in August 1942 as a new Batman villain originally named Harvey "Apollo" Kent, a former handsome, law-abiding Gotham City district attorney close to the Batman whose face was disfigured in half after a mob boss he was prosecuting, Sal Maroni, splashed Kent with acid, resulting in his loss of sanity and turn to crime, with his crimes centered around the number 2. In creating Two-Face, Kane was inspired by the 1931 adaptation of the Robert Louis Stevenson story The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, which Kane described as a "classic story of the good and evil sides of human nature", and was also influenced by the 1925 silent film adaptation of Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera. Kane and Finger conceived the idea of Two-Face flipping a coin scarred on one side to determine which side of his personality emerges: evil if the coin flip results in the scarred side, which causes him to "go on a rampage of looting and destruction," or good if it results in the unscarred side, causing him to give his loot to charity or refrain from committing a crime. In Kane's autobiography Batman and Me, Kane suggests that Finger was inspired by the pulp magazine hero Black Bat, with their similarities as both district attorneys disfigured with acid. Two-Face's last name Kent was later changed to Dent, which Kane infers was done because of Superman's alter ego Clark Kent having the same surname.
"The Crimes of Two-Face" also introduced Two-Face's devoted wife, Gilda Dent, a long-standing character in Two-Face stories. Later appearances continued featuring the character's criminal life until he was cured through plastic surgery in his third appearance and shown reformed in 1952's "The Double Crimes of Two-Face!" (Detective Comics #187), with impostors taking Two-Face's place in later stories. Two-Face made his last appearance in the Golden Age of Comic Books in 1954's "Two-Face Strikes Again" (Batman #81), in which Two-Face returns to crime; however, this story is non-canon to the Golden Age version of the character, because only the Two-Face stories from 1942 to 1952 were assigned to DC's setting for their Golden Age characters, Earth-Two.
Dormancy and revitalization
The character was unused throughout the Silver Age of Comic Books, only appearing in the 173rd issue of World's Finest Comics in 1968 which featured Batman transforming into Two-Face. In July 1971, during the Bronze Age of Comic Books, Two-Face was brought back by writer Dennis O'Neil and former DC editor Julius Schwartz in the story "Half an Evil" (Batman #234). Written by O'Neil and drawn by Neal Adams, "Half an Evil" is a mystery story which features Two-Face stealing doubloons from a pirate ship; the issue also retold his origin with a recap of previous stories. After his reintroduction, Two-Face was featured in several DC comics, such as The Brave and The Bold, Justice League of America, and Teen Titans, and became one of Batman's most popular enemies.
Modern Age
Following the Crisis on Infinite Earths comic event which rebooted the DC Universe, Two-Face was reintroduced in Frank Miller's 1986 revision of Batman's origin, Batman: Year One, as Gotham City's former crusader against crime and former ally of the Batman. Later in 1990, Two-Face was given a revised origin by Andrew Helfer in 1990's "The Eye of the Beholder" (Batman Annual #14) which established Harvey Dent as having dissociative identity disorder effected by the psychological trauma from his past of childhood abuse dealt by his father, with Two-Face being a second personality state, and cemented Dent as being formerly part of an alliance with Batman and Commissioner James Gordon against crime in Gotham City. 1995's Batman/Two-Face: Crime and Punishment by writer J.M. DeMatteis and artist Scott McDaniel built on "Eye of the Beholder" and explored Dent's psyche and his childhood with his abusive father. Two-Face's origin was later expanded in writer Jeph Loeb and artist Tim Sale's 1996 Batman limited series The Long Halloween, which incorporated aspects of "Eye of the Beholder" and explored Batman, Gordon and Dent's struggle to end Gotham's Mob during the rise of costumed supervillains.
A reformed Dent rid of Two-Face was featured in Loeb and artist Jim Lee's 2002 Batman arc Hush, continuing on to 2006 in the 52 limited series and in writer James Robinson's Batman arc "Face the Face", which explored Dent having trained under Batman and taking Batman's place as Gotham's protector during Batman's one-year absence, as well as Two-Face's return. In the 2006 limited series Two-Face: Year One written by Mark Sable, Two-Face was given a revamped origin, focusing on Dent's transformation into Two-Face during Dent's election campaign for district attorney, as well as establishing the relationship between a young Harvey Dent and Bruce Wayne, Batman's secret identity.
Following DC's New 52 reboot in 2011, Two-Face's origin was changed by writer Peter J. Tomasi in the 2014 Batman and Robin arc The Big Burn, altering the cause of Dent's transformation into Two-Face and introducing Gilda Dent's death into his origin; the story also established Dent's knowledge of Bruce Wayne being Batman, and concluded with Dent dying by suicide. The subsequent DC Rebirth 2016 soft reboot reintroduced Two-Face in Scott Snyder's My Own Worst Enemy arc in All-Star Batman, in which Batman tries to obtain a cure to rid Dent of Two-Face in a road trip. Two-Face was then featured in the 2020 Detective Comics arc Ugly Heart, which showed Dent surviving his suicide attempt in Tomasi's previous story "The Big Burn" then starting a cult named the Church of Two, before being rid of Two-Face through brain surgery conducted by Batman. Dent is shown reformed throughout comics such as Matthew Rosenberg's 2021 limited series Task Force Z and Detective Comics.
Characterization
Description
Two-Face is a duality-obsessed criminal. Introduced in 1942 as a criminal mastermind obsessed with the number 2, Two-Face's crimes as well as his hideouts and henchmen surround the number; since the 1980s, Two-Face's duality obsession evolved into an obsession with the duality of man, with the character committing crimes based on his "misguided sense of right and wrong".
Two-Face views himself as both good and evil, and relies on flipping his double-headed coin, scarred on one side, in making important decisions and deciding whether his good or evil side will prevail.
Widely considered Batman's most tragic villain, Two-Face was established as a tragic figure in his debut: a former law-abiding district attorney turned criminal whose disfigurement resulted in him being shunned by society, which lead to his turn to crime. In his early stories, Two-Face yearns to fix his face and bring back the love of his wife who he mistakenly thinks does not love him because of his disfigurement. 1990's "The Eye of the Beholder" (Batman Annual #14) reimagined Two-Face for the Modern Age as having psychological trauma from the childhood abuse he received from his father, and depicted him as being on the verge of a mental breakdown as a result of his repressed trauma and the pressure of fighting crime in Gotham, and driven to a point of desperation by Gotham's corruption. "Eye of the Beholder" also established Two-Face as a second personality state of Harvey Dent's dissociative identity disorder which resulted from his trauma; a psychiatrist in the story describes his condition as having "two personalities", with Dent having managed to "sublimate the second, anti-social one since he was a teenager".
Skills and abilities
Before his transformation into Two-Face, Harvey Dent had a successful career as Gotham's district attorney, driven to bring an end to the city's epidemic of organized crime. Following his disfigurement, he becomes obsessed with the number two and the concept of duality, and thus stages crimes centered around the number two—such as robbing buildings with 2 in the address or staging events that will take place at 10:22 p.m. (2222 in military time). He was an accomplished lawyer highly skilled in almost all matters relating to criminal law and an extensive knowledge of the criminal world. He is also a charismatic leader and speaker. Two-Face is a genius in criminal planning and has an exceptional character, which allows him, among other things, to stoically endure pain and recover from smudging injuries in a short time. Two-Face is a skilled marksman, and regularly uses a variety of firearms such as pistols, shotguns, grenade launchers, Tommy guns, knives and rocket launchers during his battles with Batman. He primarily wields dual pistols, and has become dangerously skilled with them.
Harvey Dent has kept himself in peak physical conditions, even before his transformation into Two-Face and had exercise equipment in his office when he was an assistant district attorney. He later received combat training from Batman and Deathstroke. The Batman: Face the Face story arc reveals that Batman, shortly before leaving Gotham for a year, trains Dent extensively in detective work and martial arts. To further improve his proficiency in the use of firearms, Dent hires the sharpshooting assassin Deathstroke to train him.
Relationships
This section details the character's most notable relationships across various interpretations of the Batman mythos:
Gilda Dent
Gilda Dent is Harvey Dent's wife. Her character debuted in Detective Comics #66, alongside Harvey, and became a recurring character in Batman stories involving Two-Face.
Bruce Wayne
Batman's alter-ego Bruce Wayne is the best friend of Harvey Dent, while before becoming Two-Face, Harvey was also one of Batman's earliest allies, predating Batman's partnership with James Gordon. Their friendship goes back to Harvey's first appearance in Detective Comics, in which Batman refers to him as his friend and emotionally asks him to give up his life of crime. Because of this relationship, Two-Face is one of Batman's most personal enemies. In the comics, it is shown that Bruce considers Harvey's downfall a personal failure, and has never given up in rehabilitating him.
It is established canonically that Harvey knows Bruce Wayne is Batman. The character's knowledge of Batman's secret identity was introduced in the story The Big Burn from Peter Tomasi's 2011 Batman and Robin ongoing series, and is shown in subsequent comics such as Scott Snyder's All-Star Batman, in which they were established as childhood best friends. In Detective Comics #1021, Harvey admits to Batman that he has been keeping his identity secret from his Two-Face personality in order to protect him.
Renee Montoya
Renee Montoya and Harvey Dent have a complicated relationship, introduced by writer Greg Rucka in the sixteenth issue of 1999's Batman Chronicles, in which Renee reaches out to Two-Face's Dent persona and is kind to him. Their relationship continues with the "No Man's Land" crossover storyline; in one issue, Harvey sends Renee flowers for her birthday and Renee visits him in Arkham Asylum. Harvey eventually develops romantic feelings towards Renee, which Renee doesn't return. This one-sided love would turn into an unhealthy obsession with her, which would lead to her professional and personal ruin; in the five-part Gotham Central story arc Half a Life, Two-Face attempts to destroy Renee's life by framing her for murder, outing her as a lesbian, and orchestrating a prison escape to make her a fugitive, so she would have nothing to keep her from returning his love.
Years after the release of Half a Life, Rucka would reunite the two in Convergence: The Question in 2015, following his return to DC Comics after his departure from the company in 2010. In the story, Renee saves a remorseful Harvey from killing himself, and convinces him to be a good man.
Rucka has talked about the characters' relationship in an interview with Comic Book:
Christopher Dent
Christopher Dent is Harvey Dent's abusive and alcoholic father, first introduced in the definitive Two-Face origin story Eye of the Beholder (Batman Annual #14). Dent would beat his son based on the flip of a coin, heads he would beat Harvey, tails he wouldn't. Because the coin was double headed, Harvey would always be beaten. The trauma Harvey received from his father's constant abuse fueled the inner torment that eventually turns him into Two-Face.
Character biography
Golden Age
Two-Face's debut and Golden Age origin story, 1942's "The Crimes of Two-Face" (Detective Comics #66), introduced him as Harvey "Apollo" Kent, a handsome law-abiding Gotham City district attorney prosecuting mob boss Sal Maroni; the issue also introduced his wife, Gilda Kent, who is a sculptress. During the trial, after Kent presents Maroni's lucky two-headed coin as evidence, Maroni throws acid at Kent's face and disfigures it in half. Kent, driven insane by society's repulsion and his wife's nonacceptance of his new appearance, destroys his wife's sculpture of him to resemble his disfigurement and scars one side of Maroni's two-headed coin to symbolize his appearance's duality of beauty and ugliness, then flips the coin to decide whether to become a criminal or wait for the only plastic surgeon able to fix Kent's face, who was caught in a concentration camp in Germany, to arrive. With the scarred side of the coin being the result of Kent's coin flip, Kent decides to become a criminal with the alias Two-Face who depends on flipping his coin to determine whether to be evil or good; afterwards, with the coin landing on the scarred side, Two-Face robs a bank, then, with the coin landing on the unscarred side, gives his loot to charity, causing confusion between the police and populace, whose opinions are divided about Two-Face's morality. The rest of the issue features Two-Face committing a series of crimes centered on the number 2, one of which is stopped by Batman, who pursues and corners Two-Face after he escapes. Batman makes Two-Face a proposition to give himself up and start over, by which Two-Face replies that the coin makes all his decisions for him, then flips the coin. The issue ends with the coin landing on its edge, making Two-Face leave his life to fate, with the story being resolved in "The Man Who Led a Double Life!" (Detective Comics #68). Harvey Kent is cured through plastic surgery in 1943's "The End of Two-Face" (Detective Comics #80), and is shown reformed in 1952's "The Double Crimes of Two-Face!" (Detective Comics #187). Later, Kent attends the wedding of Bruce Wayne and Selina Kyle as a guest in 1981's "The Kill Kent Contract!" (Superman Family #211).
Bronze Age
In Two-Face's Bronze Age reintroduction, "Half a Life" (Batman #234), Two-Face concocts an elaborate scheme to steal doubloons from a historical schooner, which Batman realizes and attempts to stop. As Batman approaches the ship, Two-Face finds and incapacitates him, then ties him up, eventually leaving the ship after he lets it sink. Before Two-Face leaves, Batman tries to convince Two-Face to flip his coin to save an old man unwittingly caught in the trap by reminding him that he is both good and evil; Two-Face first disagrees until after his departure from the ship in which he is unable to resist flipping his coin. With the coin landing on the unscarred side, Two-Face returns to the ship to rescue the old man, then sees Batman had escaped his restraints. Batman offers Two-Face to surrender, to which Two-Face disagrees and attempts to attack Batman, with Two-Face being knocked out unconscious by Batman afterwards. "Half a Life" also includes a recap of his Golden Age stories as his origin: from his transformation to Two-Face and his subsequent reformation to his criminal relapse, as depicted in the 1954 story "Two-Face Strikes Again!" (Batman #81), in which Harvey Dent's plastic surgery is undone after he attempts to prevent a robbery, causing his return as Two-Face.
In "Threat of the Two-Headed Coin!" (Batman #258), Two-Face is broken out of Arkham Hospital by a retired United States Army general who hires Two-Face to blackmail the United States government with an atomic bomb. After Two-Face betrays the general and takes over his plan, the general reveals the scheme to Batman, then dies by suicide out of remorse. Later, in the United States Capitol, Two-Face interrupts a Congress meeting to carry out the extortion scheme: in exchange for not exploding the Capitol with an atomic bomb, Two-Face demands the United States government to give him two billion dollars and gemstones, with Two-Face intending to use the money to bribe people to ignore his hideous appearance and end his misery; Batman eventually foils Two-Face's plan.
Two-Face then appears in a number of non-Batman comics, such as The Joker, Justice League of America, and Teen Titans. The Joker's first issue, "The Joker's Double Jeopardy", features Two-Face and fellow Batman adversary Joker battling each other to prove who is the superior criminal, while Justice League of America's 125-26th issues, "The Men Who Sold Destruction!" and "The Evil Connection", shows Two-Face assisting the superhero team Justice League. In Teen Titans, Two-Face meets Teen Titans member Duela Dent who claims to be his daughter.
In the 313-314th issues of Batman, Two-Face steals a top secret missile activation binary code owned by the United States government and goes to New Orleans, with Batman and a United States federal agent reluctantly working together to trail him and obtain the code. On a float in New Orleans' Mardi Gras parade, Two-Face deceives an American and a Russian representative who each negotiated for the code for $22,000,000 and steals $44,000,000 from them; Two-Face then escapes from the float to a blimp, with Batman and the agent in pursuit. Afterwards, while Batman hangs from the blimp's hatch, Two-Face flips the coin to decide whether to kill him, with the agent eventually shooting the coin outwards the hatch. Two-Face, declaring that his life is meaningless without the coin, leaps for it and falls out of the blimp.
Two-Face changes his face through plastic surgery as well as his identity to Carl Ternion in Batman's 328-329th issues, and reunites with Gilda Dent to make her happy after her former husband, Dave Stevens, died. Two-Face then avenges Stevens' death by killing Sal Maroni, who had also changed his face and his identity to Anton Karoselle and had killed Gilda Dent's former husband. Karoselle's death and Two-Face and Maroni's changed identities are significant aspects of the mystery Batman solves in the story: how Ternion murdered Karoselle twice and had been acquitted for it, as Ternion admits in a video tape sent to Batman by Two-Face. Later, Two-Face runs away from Gilda Dent after his plastic surgery becomes undone, and afterwards, Batman tells Gilda Dent the truth about Ternion's actual identity and convinces her of a plan to lure and take down Two-Face: Batman disguises himself as Maroni attacking Gilda Dent as bait, and, with Two-Face chasing him, leads Two-Face to the Gotham City courthouse, where Batman and Gilda Dent eventually convince Two-Face to rehabilitate himself in Arkham.
In the two-issue arc "Half a Hero... Is Better Than None!" from Batman #346 and Detective Comics #513, Two-Face escapes Arkham Asylum and puts Batman in an elaborate deathtrap set in a converted halfway house, eventually capturing Batman and imprisoning him for a week, after which Two-Face attempts to rob a record company named Duo Records, and is stopped by Batman's sidekick, Robin. Two-Face, having escaped the encounter, returns to the halfway house. Afterwards, Batman escapes by creating and putting on a Two-Face mask, causing Two-Face to release him.
Two-Face's good and evil sides are in conflict in a four-issue storyline in Batman and Detective Comics, with his evil side being predominant. Two-Face allies with Batman villain Black Mask's former lover Circe who convinces him to steal a pharaoh's death mask concealed within a sarcophagus which she states to be imbued with magic that could restore his good side; this plan is revealed to be conceived by Batman, who is working with Circe to trick Two-Face into having his good side restored and have him rehabilitated. The plan doesn't work with Two-Face's evil side taking over.
Modern Age
The Post-Crisis and followed up in The Long Halloween established this version of Two-Face is depicted as having had an unhappy childhood; his father was a mentally ill alcoholic who beat him regularly, often deciding whether or not to brutalize his son based on a flip of his lucky coin. The abuse instilled in Dent his lifelong struggle with free will and his eventual inability to make choices on his own, relying on the coin to make all of his decisions. Dent is diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder at a young age, but manages to hide his illnesses and, thanks to an unyielding work ethic, rises up through the ranks of Gotham City's district attorney's office until, at age 26, he becomes the youngest DA in the city's history. Gordon even suspected that Dent could be Batman, but discarded this suspicion when he realized that Dent lacked the vigilante's financial resources. Dent forges an alliance with Gordon and Batman to rid Gotham of organized crime. Mob boss Carmine Falcone bribes corrupt Assistant District Attorney Vernon Fields to provide his lieutenant Sal Maroni, whom Dent is trying for murder, with sulfuric acid; Maroni throws the acid in Dent's face during a cross-examination, horribly scarring the left side of Dent's face. Dent escapes from the hospital and reinvents himself as the gangster Two-Face. He scars one side of his father's coin and uses it to decide whether to commit a crime. Eventually, Two-Face takes his revenge on Falcone, Fields and Maroni, but is captured by Batman, leading to his incarceration in Arkham Asylum.
During the Batman: Dark Victory story arc, the serial killer Hangman targets various cops who assisted in Dent's rise to the D.A.'s office. Two-Face gathers Gotham's criminals to assist in the destruction of the city's crime lords. After a climactic struggle in the Batcave, Two-Face is betrayed by the Joker, who shoots at Dent, causing him to fall into a chasm, presumably to his death. Batman admits in the aftermath that, even if Two-Face has survived, Harvey Dent is gone forever. During a much later period, Two-Face is revealed to have murdered the father of Jason Todd, the second Robin. When attempting to apprehend Two-Face, Jason briefly has the criminal at his mercy, but lets Two-Face's punishment be decided by the law. Two-Face similarly serves as a 'baptism by fire' for Tim Drake, the third Robin. Two-Face has Batman at his mercy, but Tim dons the Robin suit to save Batman.
In Arkham Asylum: A Serious House on Serious Earth, Arkham's doctors replace Dent's coin with a die and eventually a tarot deck, but rather than becoming self-reliant, Dent is now unable to make even the smallest of decisions—such as going to the bathroom. Batman returns the coin, telling Two-Face to use it to decide whether to kill him. Batman leaves safely, but it is implied that Two-Face made his own decision to let Batman live.
In the No Man's Land storyline, in which Gotham is devastated by an earthquake, Two-Face claims a portion of the ruined city, takes up residence in Gotham City Hall, and forms a temporary alliance with Gordon to share certain territory. His empire is brought down by Bane (employed by Lex Luthor), who destroys Two-Face's gang during his destruction of the city's Hall of Records. Two-Face kidnaps Gordon and puts him on trial for his activities after Gotham City is declared a "No Man's Land", with Two-Face as both judge and prosecutor for Gordon's illegal alliance with him; Gordon later plays upon Two-Face's split psyche to demand Harvey Dent as his defense attorney. Dent cross-examines Two-Face and wins an acquittal for Gordon, determining that Two-Face has effectively blackmailed Gordon by implying that he had committed murders to aid the Commissioner. During this time, Two-Face also meets detective Renee Montoya. Montoya reaches the Dent persona in Two-Face and is kind to him. He falls in love with her, though the romance is one-sided.
Eventually in the Gotham Central series, he outs her as a lesbian and frames her for murder, hoping that if he takes everything from her, she will be left with no choice but to be with him. She is furious, and the two fight for control of his gun until Batman intervenes, putting Two-Face back in Arkham.
In the Batman: Two-Face - Crime and Punishment one-shot comic book, Two-Face captures his own father, planning to humiliate and kill him on live television for the years of abuse that he suffered. This story reveals that, despite his apparent hatred for his father, Dent still supports him, paying for an expensive home rather than allowing him to live in a slum. At the end of the book, the Dent and Two-Face personalities argue in thought, Two-Face calling Dent "spineless". Dent proves Two-Face wrong, choosing to jump off a building and commit suicide just to put a stop to his alter ego's crime spree. Two-Face is surprised when the coin flip comes up scarred but abides by the decision and jumps. Batman catches him, but the shock of the fall seems to (at least temporarily) destroy the Two-Face personality. In Batman: Two-Face Strikes Twice!, Two-Face is at odds with his ex-wife Gilda Grace Dent, as he believes their marriage failed because he was unable to give her children. She later marries Paul Janus (a reference to the Roman god of doors, who had two faces). Two-Face attempts to frame Janus as a criminal by kidnapping him and replacing him with a stand-in, whom Two-Face "disfigures" with makeup. Batman eventually catches Two-Face, and Gilda and Janus reunite. Years later, Gilda gives birth to twins, prompting Two-Face to escape once more and take the twins hostage, as he erroneously believes them to be conceived by Janus using an experimental fertility drug. The end of the book reveals that Two-Face is the twins' natural father.
Batman: Hush
In the Batman: Hush storyline, Dent's face is repaired by plastic surgery, seemingly eradicating the Two-Face personality. Dent takes the law into his own hands twice: once by using his ability to manipulate the legal system to free the Joker, and then again by shooting the serial killer Hush. He manipulates the courts into setting him free, as Gotham's prosecutors would not attempt to charge him without a body.
Return to villainy
In the Batman story arc Batman: Face the Face, that started in Detective Comics #817, and was part of DC's One Year Later storyline, it is revealed that, at Batman's request and with his training, Harvey Dent becomes a vigilante protector of Gotham City in most of Batman's absence of nearly a year. He is reluctant to take the job, but Batman assures him that it will serve as atonement for his past crimes. After a month of training, they fight the Firebug and Mr. Freeze, before Batman leaves for a year. Dent enjoys his new role, but his methods are more extreme and less refined than Batman's. Upon Batman's return, Dent begins to feel unnecessary and unappreciated, which prompts the return of the "Two-Face" persona (seen and heard by Dent through hallucinations). In Face the Face, his frustration is compounded by a series of mysterious murders that seem to have been committed by Two-Face; the villains KGBeast, Magpie, Ventriloquist and Scarface, and Orca are all shot twice in the head with a double-barreled pistol. When Batman confronts Dent about these deaths, asking him to confirm that he was not responsible, Dent refuses to give a definite answer. He then detonates a bomb in his apartment and leaves Batman dazed as he flees. Despite escaping the explosion physically unscathed, Dent suffers a crisis of conscience and a mental battle with his "Two-Face" personality. Although Batman later uncovers evidence that exonerates Dent for the murders, establishing that he was framed as revenge for his efforts against new crime boss Warren White, a.k.a. the Great White Shark, it is too late to save him. Prompted by resentment and a paranoid reaction to Batman's questioning, Dent scars half his face with nitric acid and a scalpel, becoming Two-Face once again. Blaming Batman for his return, Two-Face immediately goes on a rampage, threatening to destroy the Gotham Zoo (having retained two of every animal—including two humans) before escaping to fight Batman another day. Batman subsequently confronts White, while acknowledging that he cannot attack White, as there is no explicit evidence supporting Batman's deductions, vowing to inform Two-Face of White's actions when they next face each other.
On the cover of Justice League of America (vol. 2) #23, Two-Face is shown as a member of the new Injustice League. He can be seen in Salvation Run. He appears in Battle for the Cowl: The Underground, which shows the effects of Batman's death on his enemies. In Judd Winick's Long Shadow arc, Two-Face realizes that someone else has taken over as Batman. He hires a teleporter and manages to infiltrate the Batcave. When the new Batman investigates the cave, Two-Face ambushes him with tranquilizer darts, and in a hallucination he sees Dent in a red and black Two-Face themed Batman costume. Alfred Pennyworth saves the hero from Two-Face's torture after subduing his accomplice, and with his help Batman convinces Two-Face that he is the real, original Dark Knight, informing Dent that his problem is that he cannot imagine Batman changing because he himself is incapable of seeing the world in anything other than black and white. In Streets of Gotham, Two-Face has been at odds with Gotham's latest district attorney, Kate Spencer, also known as the vigilante Manhunter. Two-Face has recently been driven out of Gotham City by Jeremiah Arkham.
The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity. Here, Two Face's origin is revised significantly. Harvey Dent is a successful defense attorney whose clientele includes twin sisters from the McKillen crime family, Shannon and Erin. The sisters coerce Dent to become their family's legal retainer for life. They then place a contract on James Gordon and his entire family, despite Dent's protestations. The Gordons survive the attempt on their lives, but Dent, bound by attorney-client confidentiality, is unable to dissuade the McKillens from continuing their lethal vendetta. The violent attempt on the Gordons' lives prompts Bruce Wayne to initiate and fund Dent's campaign for district attorney. Dent becomes D.A. and has the McKillen sisters prosecuted and sentenced to life in prison. After Shannon commits suicide, Erin escapes by switching places with her sister's corpse. Blaming Dent for her sister's death, Erin breaks into Dent's house, kills Gilda in front of him, and pours acid on his face, transforming him into Two-Face. Several years later, Erin McKillen returns to Gotham City to kill Two-Face, and thus reassert her control of her family's criminal operations. Her return sparks a climactic battle between her, Two-Face, and Batman. Two-Face scars McKillen with the same acid she used on him, but Batman stops him from killing her. Batman and Two-Face continue battling, with Batman trying to convince his foe to end his vendetta. Two-Face then calls Batman, "Bruce", revealing that he knows Batman's secret identity. Two-Face reveals that he struggled internally for quite some time over whether to kill his former friend, but decided not to because it would have violated his sense of justice. He disappears after the battle and Batman is unable to track him.
Several panels of Batman and Robin #28 imply that Two-Face commits suicide by shooting himself in the head.
DC Rebirth
In 2016, DC Comics implemented another relaunch of its books called "DC Rebirth", which restored its continuity to a form much as it was prior to "The New 52". Batman decides to cure Two-Face, doing whatever it takes. Following a confrontation with Two-Face and his henchmen - Killer Moth, Firefly, and Black Spider - Batman takes Two-Face into his custody, until they both have to fight KGBeast. They defeat KGBeast, but are badly injured. Batman nurses Two-Face back to health, but Two-Face suspects Batman of trying to betray him and rubs acid in his eyes. Two-Face and Batman mend their relationship somewhat in order to fight KGBeast, the Penguin, and Black Mask. Batman tells Two-Face that he can cure Two-Face's split personality. Two-Face does not trust Batman to help him, however, and so threatens to destroy Gotham City with poison gas unless Batman gives him the cure. In the end, Batman injects Two-Face with the "cure", which turns out to be a sedative that renders Two-Face unconscious. Batman then takes Two-Face back to Arkham.
In the Deface the Face story arc, Two Face goes to Batman for help. Harvey Dent had murdered a man whom he could not convict in trial. Two Face says, "...Harvey's the good one. He has to be. Otherwise, What am I?", and then decides to help Batman and Gordon bring down the terrorist group Kobra. In the Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock, Two-Face is among the villains who attend the underground meeting held by the Riddler. In Harley Quinn: Rebirth, while Harley Quinn's Gang of Harleys is trying to find information about Man-Bat, they run into Two-Face in Arkham Asylum, where he makes threats towards the group.
Other characters named Two-Face
Wilkins
The first impostor was Wilkins, Harvey Dent's butler who uses makeup to suggest that Dent had suffered a relapse and disfigured his own face. This would give Wilkins the cover to commit crimes as Two-Face.
Paul Sloane
Paul Sloane becomes the second impostor of Two-Face. An actor, Sloane is disfigured by an accident on the set of a biography film about Two-Face. This occurred when a prop boy working on the film got jealous at the fact that his girlfriend developed a crush on Sloane. This causes the prop man to switch out the water with actual acid that was to be used for the trial scene. Sloane's mind snaps and he begins to think that he is Dent. Sloane recovers some of his own personality, but continues to commit crimes as Two-Face. Batman eventually confronted Sloane and managed to trick the criminal to undergo a reconstructive surgery which would cure his mental illness. Sloane is reused in later Earth-Two specific stories as Two-Face II of Earth-Two where the original Earth-Two Two-Face remains healed. Sloane is revived in the current continuity as a successor Two-Face, though not replacing Dent as done in the earlier Earth-Two specific storyline.
After the Crisis on Infinite Earths event, the Paul Sloane character, with a near-identical history to the Pre-Crisis version, appears in Detective Comics #580-581. In Double Image, Harvey Dent (as Two-Face) employs the Crime Doctor to re-disfigure Sloane. Dent does this out of jealous bitterness and the hope that Sloane would commit crimes based on the number two, thus confusing Batman. At the end of the story, Sloane is once again healed physically and mentally.
Paul Sloane is introduced into Post-Zero Hour continuity as a criminal called the Charlatan in Detective Comics #777 (February 2003). In this incarnation, Sloan (now spelled without a silent e) is an actor who had been hired by Joker, Penguin, Riddler, Mad Hatter, Scarecrow, and Killer Moth to take Two-Face's place in a scheme to kill Batman. They had originally offered Two-Face the part in the scheme, but his coin landed on the non-scarred side. During his impersonation of Two-Face, Batman discovered that this Two-Face was an impostor when he killed a security guard without consulting the coin. When the real Two-Face learns about this, he captures Sloan and disfigures his face. Scarecrow then experiments on him with fear toxins. Driven insane and deprived of fear, Charlatan becomes obsessed with both getting revenge on the criminals who hired him and completing his mission to kill Batman. Charlatan is defeated by Batman and incarcerated at Arkham Asylum.
George Blake
The third impostor of Two-Face is petty criminal George Blake who passed himself off as a manager of an anti-crime exhibition. However, he is not actually disfigured, but is wearing make-up. Furthermore, his makeup is worn on the opposite side of his face to Harvey Dent or Paul Sloane, which easily enabled Batman to identify him as an impostor. Batman defeats George Blake and clears Harvey Dent's name.
Batman as Two-Face
Also noteworthy is a 1968 story where Batman himself is temporarily turned into Two-Face via a potion.
Two-Face-Two
In Batman #700, which establishes Terry McGinnis as part of the DC Universe canon, it is revealed that Two-Face-Two kidnapped the infant Terry, along with an 80-year-old Carter Nichols, and tried to disfigure them in the style of the Joker. His plans were foiled by Damian Wayne, the fourth Robin and Batman's biological son. Unlike the original Two-Face, this version of the character was born deformed with a second face rather than being scarred by acid or fire and flips two coins instead of one. He is then killed when a machine falls on him. Another Two-Face-Two is briefly mentioned during the course of the DC One Million storyline, when the Batman of the 853rd century comments how this villain was defeated when the second Batman convinced him that the law of averages proved his coin-tossing would ultimately cause him to make more "good" decisions than "bad" ones.
Alternative versions
A number of alternate universes in DC Comics publications allow writers to introduce variations on Two-Face, in which the character's origins, behavior, and morality differ from the mainstream setting.
The Dark Knight Returns
In the alternate future setting of The Dark Knight Returns, plastic surgery returns Dent's face to normal, but at the unforeseen cost of permanently destroying the good-hearted Harvey Dent personality. The monstrous Two-Face is left in permanent control—to the extent that one of his henchmen now refers to him only as "Face". Escaping his handlers, and now with his face swathed in bandages, he attempts to blow up the Gotham Twin Towers in exchange for ransom, but is stopped by Batman. He now sees both sides of his face as scarred, or as he says to Batman when he captures him, "At least both sides match". Later in the series, his psychiatrist Dr. Wolper (who is characterized as completely inept) describes Dent's condition as "recovering steadily".
Batman Black and White
Two-Face has a brief short story in the first issue of Batman Black and White, in the comic titled "Two of a Kind" featuring him receiving plastic surgery to regain his original identity as Harvey Dent, only to suffer a relapse when his fiancée – his former psychiatrist – is revealed to have a psychotic twin sister, who kills her sister and forces him to become Two-Face again in order to take his revenge.
Elseworlds
In the Gotham by Gaslight timeline, he was responsible for dealing with the case against Bruce Wayne, who was framed for being Jack the Ripper. After a successful case, Harvey and Bruce's friendship was destroyed. During Convergence, this Dent was stationed on Telos. Harvey Dent, at this point having been scarred on half his face and become the villain Double Man, as well as other members of Batman's Victorian rogues gallery, were summoned by Mister Atom of Earth-S to battle Captain Marvel and the Marvel Family.
In the Elseworlds story Batman: In Darkest Knight, Harvey Dent is the Gotham District Attorney and distrusts Green Lantern (who in this reality is Bruce Wayne) because of his vigilante tactics, made even worse due to Commissioner Gordon's distrust of Lantern due to his sheer power. Sinestro, after becoming deranged from absorbing Joe Chill's mind, then scars Dent's face and gives him powers similar to those of the main continuity's Evil Star. He calls himself Binary Star and works with Star Sapphire (who in this reality is Selina Kyle).
In Batman: The Doom That Came to Gotham, an Elseworlds story based on "The Doom That Came To Sarnath", At The Mountains Of Madness and the overall works of H. P. Lovecraft, Harvey Dent is hideously mutated on the right side of his body by Talia al Ghul, and used as a conduit for a ritual intended to resurrect her father, the ancient sorcerer Ra's al Ghul, to bring about the end of Gotham City and the world. He is euthanized by Batman by the end of the story.
Two-Face also appears in the Elseworlds Daredevil/Batman: Eye for an Eye crossover book, partnered with Marvel villain Mr. Hyde for the purpose of using Hyde as an "incubator" to grow an organic microchip, giving Hyde drugs to speed up this process (regardless of the fact that this would kill him). It is also revealed in this book that Harvey Dent had once been friends with Matt Murdock, who is secretly Daredevil. Prior to his disfigurement, Dent believed in giving criminals a chance at rehabilitation, while Murdock believed in final justice; having reversed his outlook to what Dent had once believed, Murdock talks Two-Face out of killing Hyde without Two-Face using his coin. Two-Face, however, insists that that act is merely "the last of Harvey Dent".
In the Elseworlds story Batman: Masque, a pastiche of The Phantom of the Opera, Dent takes the role of the Phantom, as a former dancer who is disfigured after he sustains a serious burn to the left side when he was caught in the middle of a confrontation between Batman and a criminal.
In the Elseworlds book Batman: Crimson Mist, the third part of the trilogy that began with Batman & Dracula: Red Rain, in which Batman becomes a vampire, Two-Face, having only recently been disfigured, forms a new gang accompanied by Killer Croc as his muscle and forges an alliance with Commissioner Gordon and Alfred Pennyworth to stop Batman when his insane thirst for blood drives him to kill his old enemies. After Batman is believed killed in the old Batcave, Two-Face turns on the two men, forcing Alfred to flee and rescue Batman while Gordon kills Two-Face's men. As he confronts Gordon, Two-Face is interrupted by Batman, restored to life after Alfred sacrificed himself so that his blood could restore his master. Batman drives two crossbow bolts into each side of Two-Face's head – "One for each face".
In the Elseworlds story Batman/Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-woman, explorer and adventurer Finnegan Dent is revealed to be stealing the sacred artifacts of an African tribe in the lost city of Mnemnom. He is opposed in this effort by Batman and Tarzan. Tarzan was visiting Gotham to attend to business and joined forces with Batman as the two learnt about Dent's true agenda. As they try to stop Dent raiding the city further, half of Dent's face is mauled by a lion friend of Tarzan's, prompting him to decide to remain in Mnemnom and establish himself as its ruler on the grounds that modern society would have no place for a man with half a face. He is last seen being sealed away in a tomb of the rulers of Mnemnom after he triggers an explosion in a fight with Tarzan and Batman, Tarzan informing Dent as he takes the unconscious Batman to safety that taking Dent back to Gotham to face trial is Batman's idea of justice rather than his. Tarzan later tells Batman that Dent died when the falling rubble that knocked Batman unconscious crushed him.
In the Elseworlds story Batman: Two Faces, Two-Face is depicted in the Victorian era, opposed by his friend Bruce Wayne after Bruce uses a potion on himself that he devised to try and cure Two-Face's split personality. Wayne's serum allows him to act as a superhuman Batman, but he eventually learns that the potion has also given him a split personality in the form of a ruthless murderer known as the Joker. When Bruce realizes the truth about his new state, he delivers a confession to Gordon and Two-Face before allowing himself to die as he transforms into the Joker once again, Dent taking Wayne's perfected serum to stabilize his mental state and allow him to act as the new Batman.
In the Elseworlds story Catwoman: Guardian of Gotham, model Darcy Dent has half her face scarred when a rival model hires a hitman to lace her facial cream with acid. Unlike the regular Two-Face, Darcy does not rely on a coin toss to make her decisions, nor does she suffer from any type of personality disorder. Her motive is simply revenge against those responsible for her disfigurement, and her motif is mutilating her victims' faces and wearing a half business suit with a spiked metal bikini.
Thrillkiller
In the Batman: Thrillkiller universe, there are two versions of Two-Face. One is Detective Duell, a corrupt officer on the Gotham City Police Department, whose face is scarred in a manner similar to the version of Two-Face in the mainstream continuity. Duell is arrested at the end of Batgirl and Robin: Thrillkiller #1-3. In the sequel, Batgirl and Batman: Thrillkiller '62, Harvey Dent is the new District Attorney. He appears at the end as the new Mayor of Gotham.
Earth-Three
The new Earth-Three features a heroic female counterpart to Two-Face: Evelyn "Eve" Dent—"Three-Face"—the mother of Duela Dent (a nod to the classic film, The Three Faces of Eve). Her original affiliation is to the heroic Riddler Family (like the similar Batman Family); it included herself, Quizmaster, Jokester, and Riddler's/Joker's Daughter (her daughter Duela). They were later part of Alexander Luthor's Justice Underground, opposing Ultraman's Crime Syndicate.
Evelyn has three personalities (Irrational, Practical, and Hedonistic). To portray this, she wears a costume that is divided in three parts. Her right side favors loud fabrics like polka-dots, stripes, or plaids; her left side favors animal prints like tiger or leopard; and the center is a wide stripe of green. Over her leotard she wears a leather jacket that is a brown bomber jacket on the right and a black biker jacket on the left. Her face is not scarred but is instead usually painted all white with a vertical green center stripe and dark green or black lipstick; sometimes she is shown with her face parted into light green on the right, white in the middle, and mauve on the left. Her black hair is divided into cropped short on the right (sometimes dyed pink or red), worn shoulder-length on the left, and a mohawk in the center. She carries a revolver in a holster slung on her right hip.
She later has a cybernetic left arm after Superwoman mutilates her and leaves her for dead.
Tangent Comics
On the Tangent Earth, Harvey Dent is an African-American man with psionic powers and is that world's Superman, although he has no other similarities to the Two-Face character.
Flashpoint
In the Flashpoint alternate timeline, Harvey Dent is a judge. When Joker kidnaps Dent's children, Dent asks Batman for help in their search, agreeing to do anything asked. Dent warns Batman that he will shut down everything Batman owns, including Wayne Casinos, unless his children are saved.
In the sequel Flashpoint Beyond, the Flashpoint reality was restored when Batman stole the snow globe associated with it from the Time Masters. Harvey Dent is still a judge and talks to Thomas Wayne about how his wife Gilda is obsessed with Joker. He is later killed when his car is attacked by a man with a harpoon working for Aquaman causing Thomas Wayne to take in his son Dexter after avenging Dent.
Batman: Earth One
In the graphic novel Batman: Earth One, Harvey Dent has a twin sister named Jessica, who was a friend of Bruce Wayne from preparatory school. Harvey Dent occasionally would bully Bruce, as his maternal family (Arkhams rather than Kanes) had a reputation of eventually going insane. This led to the two boys having a fight at least once. After the twins reach adulthood, Harvey becomes Gotham City's District Attorney, and Jessica was the president of the city's board of supervisors. They are also political enemies of Gotham's corrupt mayor Oswald Cobblepot. Jessica takes over Cobblepot's term as mayor following his confrontation with Batman, which resulted in Cobblepot's death and most of his crimes being posthumously outed.
In Volume Two, Jessica discovers that Bruce is Batman, and they each reciprocate the romantic affection they had for each other since childhood. However, after Sal Maroni kills Harvey, Jessica is disfigured following the incident when she presses her face against Harvey's burning, her final exchange with Bruce suggesting that she has developed a split personality with her brother as the other identity.
In Volume Three, Jessica's new split-personality manifests as a hallucination of Harvey as the 'traditional' Two-Face, driving her to trigger a gang war.
DC Comics Bombshells
In an alternate history set in 1941, issue 13 of the DC Comics Bombshells comic depicts Harvey Dent as the newly elected mayor of Gotham City. Despite having been elected on a platform of supporting World War II refugees from Europe, he becomes an anti-immigrant isolationist in office, who vows to crack down on vigilantes under the slogan "Make Gotham Golden Once More". Tim Drake acknowledges this as a "heavy-handed-but-uncomfortably-timely political allegory" of Donald Trump, whom Dent is drawn to resemble. During the issue, it is revealed that Dent's change is due to him being mind controlled by Hugo Strange, and Dent is freed from the professor's influence at the end. After Dent was saved, he dedicated himself to aiding the Batgirls in their cause. During a battle between Killer Frost and the Reaper, Harvey saves Alyssa Yeoh and Nell Little from one of Killer Frost's blasts, causing half of his face to get frozen and blackened from severe frostbite. Harvey's facial damage doesn't drive him insane, as the Batgirls remind him that since he got it from risking his life to save them, it shows that he's more whole than two-faced. He is seen in their lair serving as their butler similar to Alfred Pennyworth.
Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
In Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles crossover, Two-Face is mutated into a mutant baboon as one of the various other Arkham inmates by Shredder and Foot Clan to attack Batman and Robin. Batman is captured, but Robin manages to escape. The Ninja Turtles and Splinter then arrive, where Splinter defeats the mutated villains, while Batman uses his new Intimidator Armor to defeat Shredder and the Turtles defeat Ra's al Ghul. Later, Gordon tells Batman that the police scientists have managed to turn Two-Face and the rest of the mutated inmates at Arkham back to normal and are currently in A.R.G.U.S. custody.
Emperor Joker
In the "Emperor Joker" storyline, when the Joker stole the reality warping power of Mister Mxyzptlk, he warped reality in his own image. Here, Two-Face was a small plushie-like creature that was a servant of Harley Quinn. He had a penchant for double entendres, such as quipping to the reader "If you think I'm small, you should see my silver dollar!"
Thy Kingdom Come
In Thy Kingdom Come storyline, when Power Girl was briefly transferred to another version of the pre-Crisis Earth-2 by Gog, she learned that the Joker of this world once attempted to deal with the aging and 'retirement' of Batman's old Rogue's Gallery by repeating the events of Two-Face's creation, attacking new District Attorney Harvey Sims to create a new Two-Face just as he was proposing to Helena Wayne, only for the Joker's attack to leave Sims disfigured and confined to the hospital rather than driving him insane.
Batman: White Knight
Two-Face has a minor appearance in the 2017 series Batman: White Knight. Dent, along with several other Batman villains, is tricked by Jack Napier (who in this reality was a Joker who had been force fed an overdose of pills by Batman which temporarily cured him of his insanity) into drinking drinks that had been laced with particles from Clayface's body. This was done so that Napier, who was using Mad Hatter's technology to control Clayface, could control them by way of Clayface's ability to control parts of his body that had been separated from him. Dent and the other villains are then used to attack a library which Napier himself was instrumental in building in one of Gotham City's poorer districts. Later on in the story, the control hat is stolen by Neo-Joker (the second Harley Quinn, who felt that Jack Napier was a pathetic abnormality while Joker was the true, beautiful personality), in an effort to get Napier into releasing the Joker persona. Two-Face also appears in the sequel storyline Batman: Curse of the White Knight, being among the villains murdered by Azrael.
In other media
See also
List of Batman Family enemies
Batman: The Long Halloween
Batman: Dark Victory
Gilda Dent
Notes
References
Sources
External links
Two-Face at DC Comics' official website
Two-Face at the DC Database Project
Batman: Arkham characters
Batman characters
Characters created by Bob Kane
Coin flipping
Comics characters introduced in 1942
DC Comics male supervillains
Fictional attempted suicides
Fictional bank robbers
Fictional blackmailers
Fictional characters with disfigurements
Fictional characters with dissociative identity disorder
Fictional crime bosses
Fictional cult leaders
Fictional district attorneys
Fictional marksmen and snipers
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional prison escapees
Fictional rampage and spree killers
Fictional suicides
Fictional victims of child abuse
Golden Age supervillains
Vigilante characters in comics |
The World Figure Skating Championships is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union in which figure skaters compete for the title of World Champion.
The 1954 competitions for men, ladies, pair skating, and ice dancing took place from February 16 to 19 in Oslo, Norway.
Medal table
Results
Men
Judges:
Jacques Favart
Alexander Gordon
Hans Meixner
Melville Rogers
Harold G. Storke
Ladies
Judges:
Bruno Bonfiglio
F. Grimminger
Franz Heinlein
P. Reinertsen
Melville Rogers
Harold G. Storke
J. Wilson
Pairs
Judges:
Pamela Davis
F. Grimminger
Hans Grünauer
B. Holmberg
Eugen Kirchhofer
Melville Rogers
Harold G. Storke
Ice dance
Judges:
Pamela Davis
M. Drake
Eugen Kirchhofer
Hans Meixner
Henri Meudec
Sources
Result List provided by the ISU
World Figure Skating Championships
World Figure Skating Championships
World Figure Skating Championships
International figure skating competitions hosted by Norway
1954 in Norwegian sport
International sports competitions in Oslo
February 1954 sports events in Europe
1950s in Oslo |
Abe Atkins (November 20, 1893 – October 17, 1961) was an American baseball third baseman in the Negro leagues. He played with the Toledo Tigers in 1923.
References
External links
and Seamheads
Toledo Tigers players
1893 births
1961 deaths
Baseball players from Illinois
Baseball third basemen
20th-century African-American sportspeople
People from Alexander County, Illinois
Baseball players from Akron, Ohio |
Edward Wakefield may refer to:
Politics
Edward Gibbon Wakefield (1796–1862), English statesman and colonial theorist
Edward Wakefield (died 1602), MP for Kingston upon Hull
Jerningham Wakefield (1820–1879), New Zealand politician and author, son of Edward Gibbon Wakefield
Edward Wakefield (New Zealand politician) (1845–1924), New Zealand politician and journalist, grandson of Edward Wakefield (1774–1854)
Sir Edward Wakefield, 1st Baronet (1903–1969), British civil servant and Conservative Party politician
Other
Edward Wakefield (statistician) (1774–1854), English philanthropist and statistician
Edward Thomas Wakefield (1821–1896), English ironmaster
Ned Wakefield, a fictional character in the Sweet Valley High book series |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var isRowMajor = require( '@stdlib/ndarray/base/assert/is-row-major' );
var sfill = require( '@stdlib/blas/ext/base/sfill' ).ndarray;
var sscal = require( '@stdlib/blas/base/sscal' ).ndarray;
var f32 = require( '@stdlib/number/float64/base/to-float32' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Performs one of the matrix-vector operations `y = *A*x + *y` or `y = *A^T*x + *y`, where `` and `` are scalars, `x` and `y` are vectors, and `A` is an `M` by `N` matrix.
*
* @private
* @param {string} trans - specifies whether `A` should be transposed, conjugate-transposed, or not transposed
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} M - number of rows in the matrix `A`
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} N - number of columns in the matrix `A`
* @param {number} alpha - scalar constant
* @param {Float32Array} A - input matrix
* @param {integer} strideA1 - stride of the first dimension of `A`
* @param {integer} strideA2 - stride of the second dimension of `A`
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetA - starting index for `A`
* @param {Float32Array} x - first input vector
* @param {integer} strideX - `x` stride length
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetX - starting index for `x`
* @param {number} beta - scalar constant
* @param {Float32Array} y - second input vector
* @param {integer} strideY - `y` stride length
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offsetY - starting index for `y`
* @returns {Float32Array} `y`
*
* @example
* var Float32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float32' );
*
* var A = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ] );
* var x = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 ] );
* var y = new Float32Array( [ 1.0, 1.0 ] );
*
* sgemv( 'no-transpose', 2, 3, 1.0, A, 3, 1, 0, x, 1, 0, 1.0, y, 1, 0 );
* // y => <Float32Array>[ 7.0, 16.0 ]
*/
function sgemv( trans, M, N, alpha, A, strideA1, strideA2, offsetA, x, strideX, offsetX, beta, y, strideY, offsetY ) { // eslint-disable-line max-params, max-len
var isrm;
var xlen;
var ylen;
var tmp;
var ix1;
var iy1;
var sa0;
var sa1;
var i1;
var i0;
var oa;
// Note on variable naming convention: sa#, ix#, i# where # corresponds to the loop number, with `0` being the innermost loop...
isrm = isRowMajor( [ strideA1, strideA2 ] );
if ( isrm ) {
// For row-major matrices, the last dimension has the fastest changing index...
sa0 = strideA2; // stride for innermost loop
sa1 = strideA1; // stride for outermost loop
} else { // isColMajor
// For column-major matrices, the first dimension has the fastest changing index...
sa0 = strideA1; // stride for innermost loop
sa1 = strideA2; // stride for outermost loop
}
if ( trans === 'no-transpose' ) {
xlen = N;
ylen = M;
} else {
xlen = M;
ylen = N;
}
// y = beta*y
if ( beta !== 1.0 ) {
if ( beta === 0.0 ) {
sfill( ylen, 0.0, y, strideY, offsetY );
} else {
sscal( ylen, beta, y, strideY, offsetY );
}
}
if ( alpha === 0.0 ) {
return y;
}
// Form: y = *A*x + y
if (
( !isrm && trans === 'no-transpose' ) ||
( isrm && trans !== 'no-transpose' )
) {
ix1 = offsetX;
for ( i1 = 0; i1 < xlen; i1++ ) {
tmp = f32( alpha * x[ ix1 ] );
oa = offsetA + (sa1*i1);
iy1 = offsetY;
for ( i0 = 0; i0 < ylen; i0++ ) {
y[ iy1 ] += f32( A[ oa+(sa0*i0) ] * tmp );
iy1 += strideY;
}
ix1 += strideX;
}
return y;
}
// Form: y = *A^T*x + y
// ( !isrm && trans !== 'no-transpose' ) || ( isrm && trans === 'no-transpose' )
iy1 = offsetY;
for ( i1 = 0; i1 < ylen; i1++ ) {
tmp = 0.0;
ix1 = offsetX;
oa = offsetA + (sa1*i1);
for ( i0 = 0; i0 < xlen; i0++ ) {
tmp += f32( A[ oa+(sa0*i0) ] * x[ ix1 ] );
ix1 += strideX;
}
y[ iy1 ] += f32( alpha * tmp );
iy1 += strideY;
}
return y;
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = sgemv;
``` |
```objective-c
/* size_max.h -- declare SIZE_MAX through system headers
Written by Simon Josefsson.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program; if not, see <path_to_url */
#ifndef GNULIB_SIZE_MAX_H
#define GNULIB_SIZE_MAX_H
/* Get SIZE_MAX declaration on systems like Solaris 7/8/9. */
# include <limits.h>
/* Get SIZE_MAX declaration on systems like glibc 2. */
# if HAVE_STDINT_H
# include <stdint.h>
# endif
/* On systems where these include files don't define it, SIZE_MAX is defined
in config.h. */
#endif /* GNULIB_SIZE_MAX_H */
``` |
Steatocystoma simplex is a skin condition characterized by a skin lesion that occurs with equal frequency in adult women and men, and is typically found on the face, trunk, or extremities. It is related to Steatocystoma multiplex.
References
Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts |
Wrestling at the 2007 SEA Games was held at the gymnasium in Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
Medal tally
Medalists
Men's freestyle
Women's freestyle
External links
Southeast Asian Games Official Results
2007 SEA Games events
2007
Southeast Asian Games |
Mrs. Thompson is a 1919 British silent drama film directed by Rex Wilson and starring Minna Grey, C. M. Hallard and Isobel Elsom. It was released in the United States on 6 April 1923. It was adapted from a 1911 novel by William Babington Maxwell.
Cast
Minna Grey - Mrs. Thompson
C. M. Hallard - Prentice
Isobel Elsom - Enid Thompson
Bertram Burleigh - Dicky Marsden
Tom Reynolds - Archibald Bence
James Lindsay - Charles Kennion
Marie Wright - Yates
Wyndham Guise - Mears
References
External links
1919 films
1919 drama films
Films directed by Rex Wilson
Films based on British novels
British silent feature films
British black-and-white films
1910s English-language films
1910s British films
Silent British drama films
English-language drama films |
William Bennest was a school principal from Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada who was arrested over allegations of sexual misconduct in schools in October 1996 and was indicted for the criminal charges including production of child pornography and sexual assault. The case stemmed from a police raid in September 1996 when the police found numerous videotapes and other media materials featuring child pornography in his residence.
The case lasted for two years and was widely discussed by the Canadian media. He later struck a deal with the prosecution and pleaded guilty on the charge of child pornography while the other charges were stayed. He received a lenient sentence, which led to considerable outrage among Canadians.
References
Vancouver Province Friday, September 6, 1996 retrieved on April 15, 2007
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Burnaby
Violence against men in North America
Rape of males |
```python
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
"""Tests for generator.py."""
__author__ = 'aiuto@google.com (Tony Aiuto)'
import io
import logging
import os
import zipfile
from absl.testing import absltest
from googleapis.codegen import generator
from googleapis.codegen.filesys import zip_library_package
class GeneratorTest(absltest.TestCase):
_TEST_DATA_DIR = os.path.abspath(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'testdata')
)
def setUp(self):
self._output_stream = io.BytesIO()
self._package = zip_library_package.ZipLibraryPackage(self._output_stream)
self._path_replacements = {
'___package_path___': 'pp'
}
def VerifyPackageContains(self, file_names, must_not_contain=None):
"""Verify that the output package contains some files.
Args:
file_names: List of file names.
must_not_contain: List of file names which must not be in the package.
"""
expect_to_see = list(file_names)
archive = zipfile.ZipFile(io.BytesIO(self._output_stream.getvalue()), 'r')
info_list = archive.infolist()
self.assertLess(0, len(info_list))
for i in info_list:
path = i.filename
# Show what we got to help make the test log more useful when we fail.
logging.info('zip contains: %s', path)
if path in expect_to_see:
expect_to_see.remove(path)
else:
logging.info('unexpected file: %s' % path)
if path in (must_not_contain or []):
self.fail('Found unexpected file %s in archive' % path)
# We should have seen everything we expect
self.assertEqual(0, len(expect_to_see))
def testWalkTemplateTree(self):
gen = generator.TemplateGenerator()
gen.SetTemplateDir(os.path.join(self._TEST_DATA_DIR, 'library'))
gen.WalkTemplateTree(
'templates', self._path_replacements, {}, {}, self._package)
self._package.DoneWritingArchive()
# Now read it back and verify
self.VerifyPackageContains(['foo', 'bar', 'app.yaml', 'pp/xxx'])
def testWalkTemplateTreeWithFilter(self):
gen = generator.TemplateGenerator()
gen.SetTemplateDir(os.path.join(self._TEST_DATA_DIR, 'library'))
gen.WalkTemplateTree(
'templates', self._path_replacements, {}, {}, self._package,
file_filter=lambda template, output: output != 'bar')
self._package.DoneWritingArchive()
self.VerifyPackageContains(['foo'], must_not_contain=['bar'])
def testWalkTemplateTreeWithFilteredResult(self):
gen = generator.TemplateGenerator()
gen.SetTemplateDir(os.path.join(self._TEST_DATA_DIR, 'library'))
gen.WalkTemplateTree(
'templates', self._path_replacements, {}, {}, self._package,
file_filter=lambda template, output: output != 'pp/xxx')
self._package.DoneWritingArchive()
self.VerifyPackageContains(['foo', 'bar'], must_not_contain=['pp/xxx'])
def testWalkTemplateTreeWithFilteredTemplate(self):
gen = generator.TemplateGenerator()
gen.SetTemplateDir(os.path.join(self._TEST_DATA_DIR, 'library'))
gen.WalkTemplateTree(
'templates', self._path_replacements, {}, {}, self._package,
file_filter=lambda template, output: template != 'bar.tmpl')
self._package.DoneWritingArchive()
self.VerifyPackageContains(['foo'], must_not_contain=['bar'])
if __name__ == '__main__':
absltest.main()
``` |
Hovid is a locality situated in Sundsvall Municipality, Västernorrland County, Sweden with 225 inhabitants in 2010.
References
Populated places in Sundsvall Municipality
Medelpad |
The 2015 Liège–Bastogne–Liège was a one-day cycling classic that took place in the Belgian Ardennes on 26 April 2015. It was the 101st edition of the Liège–Bastogne–Liège one-day cycling race and was the fourth cycling monument of the 2015 season. It was part of the 2015 UCI World Tour and was organised by the Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), the organisers of the Tour de France.
200 riders raced over a route that started in Liège, travelled south to Bastogne, then returned north by an indirect route to finish in Ans on the outskirts of Liège. The route included many hills, especially in the final , which were the principal difficulty in the race.
There were many attacks in the final part of the race, with several groups breaking away from the peloton and subsequently being caught. A small group came together on the final ascent to the finish line, where the race was decided in a sprint. It was won by the pre-race favourite, Alejandro Valverde (), ahead of Julian Alaphilippe () and Joaquim Rodríguez (). This was Valverde's third victory in Liège–Bastogne–Liège and put him into the lead of the World Tour standings.
Background
Liège–Bastogne–Liège, one of the oldest races on the cycling calendar, was established in 1892. Milano–Torino is the only current race to have begun earlier, although it did not exist as a regular event until the 1920s. Liège–Bastogne–Liège was founded as a precursor to a planned Liège–Paris–Liège event, which never came about, but eventually became one of the most important races on the cycling calendar in its own right. The race is seen as one of the cycling Monuments, alongside Milan–San Remo, the Tour of Flanders, Paris–Roubaix and the Giro di Lombardia. Because Liège–Bastogne–Liège is the oldest of the major races on the cycling calendar, it has the nickname (English: The Old Lady). It is particularly known as a race where the best one-day riders and the best Grand Tour riders can compete on relatively equal terms. In his book The Monuments, Peter Cossins wrote that Liège–Bastogne–Liège "is generally regarded as the toughest one-day race on the calendar". Eddy Merckx holds the record for the most victories, with five wins between 1969 and 1975.
Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the fourth of the Monuments to take place in the 2015 season. Milan–San Remo and Paris–Roubaix were won by John Degenkolb (), while the Tour of Flanders was won by Alexander Kristoff (). Liège–Bastogne–Liège was the final event of the spring classics season and came as the conclusion to the Ardennes classics, following the Amstel Gold Race and La Flèche Wallonne. It was also part of the 2015 UCI World Tour, a season-long competition that included both one-day events and stage races.
Teams
As it was part of the UCI World Tour, the 17 UCI WorldTeams were automatically invited and obliged to send a team to Liège–Bastogne–Liège. The race organisers ASO, the organisers of the Tour de France, also made eight wildcard invitations to UCI Professional Continental teams. The peloton was therefore made up of 25 teams. Six of the teams were also invited to La Flèche Wallonne. These included two Belgian teams ( and ), two French teams ( and ), and . The final two teams to be invited to Liège–Bastogne–Liège were (whose invitation meant that they would participate in all five Monuments in 2015) and . As each team was required to enter between five and eight riders, the maximum size of the peloton was 200 riders.
Route
The route for the 2015 race was announced on 15 April. The route was shorter than in 2014; it was therefore in length. The changes came in the final section of the route, with the Côte de la Vecquée removed and the Col du Rosier and the Col du Maquisard added instead. The second change was a reduction in distance between the third-last and second-last climbs: the distance was cut from to , with a small unclassified climb also added. Cyclingnews.com described the first change as a "much harder combination" suggested that the new route would make the race more interesting than the 2014 edition, which it described as "painfully dull".
The race began in Liège, in Place Saint-Lambert outside the Prince-Bishops' Palace, with a neutral zone that took the riders out of the town to the south. The first of the race brought the peloton south, through Aywaille to La Roche-en-Ardenne; although the roads were not flat there were no difficult or categorised climbs. Here the riders encountered the first classified climb of the day, the Côte de la Roche-en-Ardenne, a climb at an average gradient of 6.2%. After reaching the summit, the riders continued south for another . This took them through Bertogne to Bastogne, which they reached after of racing. This was the turning-point: from here the route turned to the north to return towards Liège. The northern leg of the race was both longer – – and more difficult – it included nine categorised climbs.
After turning around at the Rond-point La Doyenne (named after the race itself), the peloton left Bastogne to the north-east. The first were fairly flat and took the riders to Houffalize. After a fast descent came the Côte de Saint-Roch, an 11.2% average climb over its length. Another fairly flat section followed: the route continued north for approximately on fairly major roads through Gouvy and Vielsalm. At this point, with to the finish line, there were still eight categorised climbs remaining.
The first three of these climbs came in quick succession. These were the Côte de Wanne ( at 7.4%), the Côte de Stockeu ( at 12.5%) and the Côte de la Haute-Levée ( at 5.6%). The Côte de Wanne was narrow and badly surfaced, with a dangerous descent following. The Côte de Stockeu was described by Cycling Weekly as a "killer climb", because of its steep gradient, its narrowness and its poor road surface. The Côte de la Haute-Levée was unique on the course because it included a section of cobblestones.
These climbs brought the riders to Stavelot. Soon afterwards, there was a hairpin turn that took them towards the two climbs new to the 2015 edition. The first of these was the Col du Rosier ( at 5.9%), which was the longest climb of the day. The riders then descended through the town of Spa and turned west onto the Col du Maquisard ( at 5%), which they crossed with to the finish line. The route then crossed over the roads used for the southern leg as the riders entered the final section of the race.
The following climb was the Côte de La Redoute ( at 8.9%), with from the summit to the finish line. Cyclingnews.com described La Redoute as "the most emblematic climb of the entire race". It had an uneven gradient: the first was at about 8%, before at around 13% and another at 6%. The riders descended down twisting roads, crossed over the uncategorised Côte de Sprimont, before coming to the penultimate climb, the Côte de la Roche-aux-Faucons ( at 9.4%) with to the finish line. This was one of the most difficult climbs of the race, with frequent changes of gradient and a poor road surface. There was then another uncategorised climb and a steep descent into the outskirts of Liège.
The final climb of the day came with remaining. This was the Côte de Saint-Nicolas ( at 8.6%). Cycling Weekly described it as "a succession of steep corners with nothing between". After the descent from the climb, the riders entered Ans, the finishing town. There was a long, straight road that started from the finish line. After of flat, the road climbed towards the finish at around 5%. With around to go, there was a left-hand turn that took the riders to the finish line.
Pre-race favourites
Recent editions of Liège–Bastogne–Liège had been won in several different ways. Andy Schleck (then riding for ) had won a solo victory with a long-distance attack in 2009, while Dan Martin () had attacked late on to win in 2013. The 2010 edition was won by a two-man breakaway and the 2011 edition by a three-man group. The defending champion, Simon Gerrans () won the 2014 edition in a bunch sprint after a large group came to Ans together. The pattern of the 2015 edition was therefore hard to predict. One consistent pattern, however, was that recent editions of the race had been won by major names rather than by outsiders.
Alejandro Valverde () had won La Flèche Wallonne during the week that preceded Liège–Bastogne–Liège and he was one of the major favourites to take the victory. Valverde had won the race on two previous occasions (in 2006 and 2008) and had also been on the podium on four other occasions. Valverde's status as the major favourite had the potential to work against him, however, as other riders were expected to mark him closely and perhaps prevent him from winning. Philippe Gilbert () had suffered from this problem in the Amstel Gold Race.
The other major favourite for the race was the reigning world champion, Michał Kwiatkowski (). Kwiatkowski had finished third in the 2014 Liège–Bastogne–Liège and had already won the Amstel Gold Race in 2015. Although he had not been as strong as had been expected in La Flèche Wallonne, the longer climbs of Liège–Bastogne–Liège were expected to suit him better.
Other favourites included Martin, Joaquim Rodríguez (), Rui Costa (), as well as Vincenzo Nibali () and Tim Wellens (). Gerrans had suffered an injury earlier in the season and had not fully recovered; he was not expected to be able to defend his title. Similarly, Gilbert had suffered a fall in La Flèche Wallonne; he was also not as well suited to the route of Liège–Bastogne–Liège as he was to the other Ardennes classics.
Race report
The race began with hard racing for the first hour until the day's main breakaway was formed, with around raced. The breakaway involved eight riders. These were Diego Ulissi (), Matteo Montaguti (), Otto Vergaerde (), Clément Chevrier (), Marco Minnaard (), Anthony Turgis (), Cesare Benedetti () and Rasmus Quaade (). The group's lead soon extended to nearly eight minutes, while the peloton was led by ; their work reduced the breakaway's lead by around three minutes by the time of the Côte de La Roche-en-Ardenne, into the race.
After the turn in Bastogne, the breakaway continued. It was, however, reduced in numbers, as Quaade, Chevrier and Vergaerde all fell back before the peloton reached the Côte de Wanne, four hours into the race. led the peloton as it approached the climb. On the climb itself, came to the front of the peloton and led the chase, with the breakaway's lead reduced to under a minute. On the Côte de Stockeu, Andriy Hrivko (), Gorka Izagirre () and Simon Yates () attacked and joined the lead group; more riders then bridged across to form a 21-man group. This included five riders, though not Nibali. On the Côte de la Haute-Levée, several riders attacked again to form a smaller breakaway; these were Tanel Kangert and Michele Scarponi (both ), Manuele Boaro (), Esteban Chaves () and Julián Arredondo (). They had a 25-second lead at the summit and, although Boaro and Arredondo were dropped on the Col du Rosier, this increased to more than a minute for a short while. It was reduced to 45 seconds on the Col du Maquisard, however, as the worked hard in the peloton to bring them back.
As the peloton approached the Côte de la Redoute, there was a large crash. Among the riders to crash were two previous winners of the race, Dan Martin and Simon Gerrans, as well as Fränk Schleck (), Nicolas Roche (), Mathias Frank () and Yukiya Arashiro (). Vincenzo Nibali was forced to unclip himself from his bike, but avoided crashing. The peloton was reduced to around 40 riders at the foot of the climb. Although there were no bad injuries in the crash, Roche and Arashiro took some time to stand up, with Roche looking particularly dazed. Many of the riders who crashed attempted to get back into the peloton, with Gerrans and Martin among them. Gerrans was forced to abandon the race shortly afterwards after he crashed for a second time.
On the Col de la Redoute itself, Kangert was dropped from the breakaway; Scarponi and Chaves had a 35-second lead at the summit and were caught around later. The riders then entered the Côte de la Roche-aux-Faucons, where Roman Kreuziger () and Giampaolo Caruso () attacked; they were quickly joined by Jakob Fuglsang () and had an 18-second lead at the summit. Several riders attempted to form chase groups; eventually a six-man chase group was formed by Giovanni Visconti (), Julian Alaphilippe (), Rui Costa (), Samuel Sánchez () and Daniel Moreno (). They stayed away for a short while and were then joined by around 20 other riders with remaining as rain began to fall.
Zdeněk Štybar () took over the pace-setting in the peloton as it approached the Côte de Saint-Nicolas and he reduced the gap to Kreuziger, Caruso and Fuglsang. On the climb, Valverde came to the front of the group to control the pace. Nibali then attacked and, while he was not able to escape the group, several riders were dropped. These included Michał Kwiatkowski and Philippe Gilbert. Nibali's attack also brought the chasing group back to the leaders. The next attack came from Romain Bardet () on the descent from the Côte de Saint-Nicolas. While he too was unable to break away from the group, his attack did cause Nibali to lose contact and reduced the group to ten riders. Giampaolo Caruso led the group into Ans and towards the climb to the finish. At the foot of the climb, Daniel Moreno, Caruso's teammate, attacked and built a small gap ahead of the group. The group did not initially chase him, as all the other riders looked for Valverde to do the work. Eventually Valverde did start to chase Moreno and caught him at the final bend. He opened his sprint from a long way out, with Joaquim Rodríguez () right behind him. Rodríguez slowed as they approached the line, however, and Valverde took the victory. Julian Alaphilippe came around Rodríguez in the final metres to take second place.
Result
Post-race analysis
Rider reactions
Valverde's win was his third victory at the race, and he became one of only six riders to have three or more victories in the race. Liège–Bastogne–Liège also concluded a very successful Ardennes week for him: he had two victories and one second-place finish in the three races. Valverde was the first rider since Philippe Gilbert in 2011 to win both La Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège in the same week and, although he was one place away from imitating Gilbert's Ardennes triple, he described it as a "great week".
Alaphilippe's second-place finish was the best for any French rider since Laurent Jalabert in 1998. He had entered the race in support of Kwiatkowski. When Kwiatkowski was struggling on the Côte de Saint-Nicolas, the Etixx-Quick Step directeur sportif sent a radio message to Alaphilippe to ride for himself; this was similar to the events in La Flèche Wallonne, where Alaphilippe also finished second to Valverde. He was frustrated on the finish line and waved his arm in the air; he said after the race "today I really felt I could have done something more". Cyclingnews.com suggested after the race that he had the potential to win a Monument in the future.
Several riders were injured in the crash from the finish. The worst-affected was Yukiya Arashiro, who suffered several broken bones, while Gianluca Brambilla () broke his collarbone. had two riders with injuries: Paul Martens broke his hand and Bram Tankink suffered from concussion and bruises. Nicolas Roche and Simon Gerrans both suffered some discomfort after their crashes, but neither had significant injuries. Dan Martin rode the Tour de Romandie the following week; after he suffered with his breathing through the race, he discovered that he had broken two ribs in the crash in Liège–Bastogne–Liège.
UCI World Tour rankings
After his strong Ardennes week, Valverde moved into the lead of the UCI World Tour individual rankings, with Richie Porte () dropping to second place. Rui Costa also moved into the top ten. Spain moved ahead of Australia in the nations' standings, while retained their lead of the team rankings.
References
Sources
External links
Liège–Bastogne–Liège
Liege-Bastogne-Liege
Liege-Bastogne-Liege |
The Northumbrian Revolt of 1065 was a rebellion in the last months of the reign of Edward the Confessor against the earl of Northumbria, Tostig Godwinson, brother of Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex. Tostig, who had been earl since 1055, is said to have provoked his nobles to rise against him by his harsh administration of justice, raising of tax levels, frequent absences from his earldom, and murder of several political opponents. In October 1065 the rebels entered Northumbria's capital, York, killed Tostig's men, looted his treasury, renounced their allegiance to Tostig and proclaimed Morcar, brother of Edwin, Earl of Mercia, as their new earl. They then marched south to Northampton, causing much devastation in Yorkshire and the north Midlands as they went, and joining forces with the army of Mercia. The king sent his chief earl, Harold Godwinson, to negotiate with them, and when they refused to compromise on the deposition of Tostig he tried and failed to raise his own army against them. On Harold's advice, he finally gave in to their demands and recognised Morcar. Tostig was sent into exile in Flanders, from where, disgusted at what he saw as his brother's betrayal, he shortly afterward raided the English coast, finally dying in arms against him at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
The Northumbrian Revolt was seen at the time, and is still often seen, as the first stage in the destabilising of the English kingdom that led up to the Norman Conquest.
Background
During the first part of the reign of Edward the Confessor, from 1042 to 1055, much of his power was shared with his nobles, of whom the most important were the earls of Wessex, Mercia and Northumbria. By the end of this period there was a balance of power between the three main noble families, Harold Godwinson controlling the south of England, Siward the north, and Leofric and his son Ælfgar the centre.
This state of affairs came to an end when Siward, Earl of Northumbria died in 1055, presenting Edward with a difficult choice of successor. Siward's elder son had already died in battle, and the younger one was still a child, so the successful candidate would have to come from a different family. He would need to be able to win the support of the Northumbrian nobles, but also work closely with Edward himself and help to integrate this distant earldom into the larger English political structure. Leofric's son Ælfgar, Earl of East Anglia, seems to have been hopeful that he would win the prize, and possibly some unknown member of the ancient ruling house of Bernicia had the same ambition, while Harold, Earl of Wessex, was lobbying for his younger brother, Tostig. When the king's council, the Witan, was convened on 19 March, Ælfgar was taken out of the running by being accused of treason and sentenced to outlawry, and Northumbria was assigned to Tostig. Ælfgar was soon reinstated in East Anglia, and when his father died in 1057 he was allowed to succeed him in Mercia, though Gyrth, another of the Godwinsons, became Earl of East Anglia in his stead. This move, together with the creation of new minor earldoms and substantial redrawing of borders at Ælfgar's expense, left him possessed of a smaller Mercia than his father had ruled, while all the rest of England was held, under the king, by the Godwinsons, and principally by the brothers Harold and Tostig.
Tostig's rule in Northumbria
The Vita Ædwardi Regis, an anonymous Latin life of Edward the Confessor written at about the time of the Norman Conquest, includes a description of Tostig's appearance and character. It calls him strong, brave, handsome and graceful, open-handed, especially with gifts to the Church, trustworthy, faithful to his wife, secretive, shrewd, not rash, capable of restraint, but generally vigorous and unwearying in pursuing his purposes, sometimes to the point of overzealousness in confronting evil.
He was a particular favourite with the king. When he took up his new position he was probably still in his mid-twenties, and the task that faced him was formidable. Northumbria was a turbulent, feud-ridden, and lawless province far distant from his own native Wessex, and its nobles may have resented having a southerner placed over them, though it is also possible that having no connection with any of the three main Northumbrian factions (based around the house of Bamburgh, the see of Durham, and the Yorkshire nobility) he benefited from being seen as neutral. Perhaps also the fact that Tostig had a Danish mother would have helped him to understand the mixed Anglo-Saxon and Danish culture of Northumbria.
One of the major problems facing Tostig was the defence of his province against aggression from the king of Scots, Malcolm Canmore. Malcolm initially launched a series of cross-border raids into Northumbria, but Tostig countered them peacefully, helping to negotiate a treaty between England and Scotland which was sealed by an oath of blood brotherhood between himself and Malcolm. This peace did not entirely hold. There was a major Scottish raid into Northumbria in 1061, and Malcolm may have invaded and annexed Cumbria some time in the period 1058 to 1061, though it is also possible that this happened after Tostig's death. Tostig nevertheless felt able to frequently absent himself from his earldom, sometimes attending the king's court, sometimes his personal estates in Wiltshire, on one occasion collaborating with his brother Harold in an invasion of Wales, and on another making a pilgrimage to Rome. During these absences Northumbria was capably governed by Tostig's deputy, Copsi, but it nevertheless started to become restive while its earl was elsewhere.
One major source of tension between Tostig and the Northumbrian thanes was his imposition of a tribute seen by them as being unjust and excessive. This may have been an attempt to bring the local tax-levels, historically very low, more into line with those in the rest of England; or, since one third of such tributes were retained by the earl rather than the king, it may have been intended to defray Tostig's own expenses, such as those incurred by his campaigning in Wales. He is also reported by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle to have become unpopular because he "robbed God", a mysterious phrase whose precise meaning can only be guessed at since he was a conspicuously pious and generous son of the Church. Another sore point was his administration of justice in this lawless province, which was seen as harsh. Robbers could be killed or mutilated and their property confiscated; indeed, some alleged that his profits from this last measure were his main motive for pursuing wrongdoers. There is some indication that he introduced laws from Wessex in an attempt to stamp out the Northumbrian tradition of blood feuds, though he ended up embroiled in such feuds himself. Tostig's relations with discontented thegns reached a new low point when, in 1063 or 1064, he had two of them, Gamal son of Orm and Ulf son of Dolfin, murdered while they were visiting him under safe-conduct. A third noble, Gospatric son of Uhtred, was likewise murdered at Christmas 1064, either at Tostig's instigation or at that of his sister Edith. The dissident faction in Northumbria now knew that their grievances could not be ended by compromise, but only by more extreme measures.
Outbreak of the revolt
On 3 October 1065, while Tostig was away hunting with the king, Edward the Confessor, in Wiltshire, a force of 200 warriors led by three thegns named Gamelbearn, presumably a relative of the murdered Gamal, Dunstan son of Æthelnoth and Glonieorn son of Heardwulf, entered York with the support of its citizens, stormed Tostig's house and there killed two of his housecarls (household troops). The following day they massacred some 200 of his supporters and seized his treasury, still full as it was of the gold and silver collected by his reeves in the latest round of tax-gathering. The whole thegnage of Yorkshire, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, now rose in revolt. The rebels declared Tostig an outlaw and named Morcar, brother of the Edwin, Earl of Mercia, as their new earl. Native Northumbrian candidates for the post had been available to them, notably Waltheof, son of the old earl Siward, but the choice of Morcar ensured the support of Mercia. Morcar and Edwin were both young men, sons of the recently deceased Ælfgar, earl of Mercia; they are known to have been considered rivals to Tostig, perhaps ever since he took up the earldom. The Northumbrian rebels moved south, gathering along the way reinforcements from Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire and Lincolnshire. Men identified, rightly or wrongly, as belonging to Tostig's party were slaughtered wherever they were found, whether in the streets of York and Lincoln or in the villages, fields and waterways. Upon reaching Northampton they were joined by Edwin with a large Mercian army which included also some Welsh troops.
Its settlement
The king responded by calling his counsellors to join him at Britford in Wiltshire, from where they moved in October to Oxford. The advice they gave him was conflicting and intemperate. Some thought Tostig had brought this crisis on himself by his harsh government. Tostig blamed his brother Harold, accusing him of having plotted the rebellion himself, but this Harold denied on oath. It is impossible now to be sure whether Harold actually had any involvement or not, but Tostig never forgave his brother. Harold was sent to negotiate with the rebels, and the rebels asked him to intercede for them with the king and induce him to accept their choice of Morcar as earl. When Harold returned south on this mission they proceeded to harry the region around Northampton, killing many, taking others prisoner, and burning barns and houses. The king sent messengers telling them that he would redress all valid grievances so long as they halted their devastation and relied instead on legal process. The rebels responded with a pre-condition that the king must first depose and exile Tostig. The king summoned his army to assemble, hoping to crush the rebellion, but no army responded to his call. The difficulty of mobilising in unseasonably wintry weather was used as an excuse for this, but the underlying problem was that no-one relished the prospect of a civil war. When the king's chief men simply refused to obey him, and when Harold, his greatest earl, advised him to abandon Tostig's cause, he realized that he had no further options. On 27 October he acceded to the Northumbrians' demands, promised that their old laws would be restored, loaded Tostig with precious gifts, and sent him into exile. It was to be his last public act.
Its consequences
A contemporary source, the Vita Ædwardi Regis, tells us that the king "protested to God with deep sorrow that he was deprived of the due obedience of his men in repressing the presumption of the unrighteous; and he called down God's vengeance upon them". Such was his grief, continues the Vita, that he fell sick and grew progressively worse. This sickness, which can probably be identified as a series of strokes, ended with his death in January 1066 and the accession to the English throne of his nominated successor, Harold.
Tostig, together with his family and household, accepted the hospitality of his brother-in-law, Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, who made him his deputy in Saint-Omer and gave him the use of that port's revenues and knights. Mercenaries in large numbers joined forces with him there, possibly including Hereward the Wake. His movements in the next few months are uncertain, but there are reports of his having visited William II, Duke of Normandy, Swein Estrithson, King of Denmark, and Harald Hardrada, King of Norway, in search of allies who might help him regain his position in England by force. Certainly, in the spring of 1066 he raided various parts of the English coast from the Isle of Wight up to the Humber, before linking up with Harald Hardrada's invasion force in September 1066. Thereafter he shared the Norwegian king's fortunes, dying with him at Stamford Bridge on 25 September, in a battle which did much to deplete the forces of its victor, Tostig's brother Harold, and to divert his attention from the defence of the south coast against the threat from Normandy.
For contemporary observers, in particular the Vita Ædwardi Regis and the C recension of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Northumbrian Revolt and the rift between Tostig and Harold set in motion the events which culminated in the Norman Conquest. In modern times, Michael John Key has called Tostig's anger at his brother "the fuse that would blow the Anglo-Saxon kingdom apart", and some historians, such as Frank Stenton and Kelly DeVries have believed that the removal of Northumbria from the holdings of the Godwin family seriously weakened the ability of the English kingdom under Harold to resist attack. Others, however, such as N. J. Higham and Tom Licence hold the contrary opinion that it was in Harold's interests to further the ambitions of the brothers Edwin and Morcar, whose sister Ealdgyth he at some unknown date married and whose alliance he thereby gained.
Footnotes
References
1060s conflicts
1060s in England
1065 in Europe
11th-century massacres
11th-century rebellions
Edward the Confessor
History of York
Massacres in England
Northumbria
Rebellions in medieval England |
Robert Henry Fraser (10 December 1869–30 May 1947) was a New Zealand stained glass artist. He was born in Dunedin, New Zealand on 10 December 1869.
References
1869 births
1947 deaths
Artists from Dunedin
New Zealand glass artists |
"Le lac" is a song by Julien Doré released in July 2016.
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2016 singles
2016 songs
French-language songs
SNEP Top Singles number-one singles |
The Fujitsu Tower is a 17-floor office skyscraper on 141 The Terrace (284 Lambton Quay) in Wellington, New Zealand. , 97 percent of the tower is leased, making the lettable area 8,825.36sqm. Its occupants include the Ministry of Justice (lease until March 2022) and the New Zealand Productivity Commission. it has an annual income of $2,205,050.
History
The building was designed by the Struction Group, and was built in 1985 by Angus Construction. Fujitsu has operated and had naming rights on the tower since 2011. Following the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, the tower was given an assessment order by the Wellington City Council. In 2021 Fujitsu Tower was listed for sale with a deadline private treaty of 4pm 24 March 2021. The building was flooded for the second time due to heavy rain in June 2022.
References
Skyscrapers in Wellington
1980s architecture in New Zealand
Skyscraper office buildings in New Zealand
Wellington Central, Wellington
Buildings and structures completed in 1985 |
Clark Advanced Learning Center is a public charter high school in Stuart, Florida in the Martin County School District that partners with Indian River State College. The school enrolled 250 students in a 2021 census. Its mascot is the crane and its main color is green. The executive director is Debra Kohuth.
Clark Advanced Learning Center has been ranked as the third highest rated Florida high school on the Newsweek 2016 American's Top High Schools ratings, receiving a 110 out of 500 in the national ranking based on college readiness, graduation rate and college bound students.
References
External links
High schools in Martin County, Florida
Martin County School District
Charter high schools in Florida
Stuart, Florida
2004 establishments in Florida
Educational institutions established in 2004 |
Jagjit Singh Anand (28 December 1921 – 19 June 2015) was an Indian communist activist, journalist, author, and freedom fighter. He was the editor of Nawan Zamana for more than half a century. He is known for his plain speaking on the opportunism of the Akalis,, the Congress, and the terrorists during the Punjab Crisis in the last two decades of the twentieth century. Anand countered death threats defiantly: "I will not be cowed down by death threats and attempts on my life by the extremists and I will uphold the freedom of the press at all costs."
Born in 1921 at Taran Taaran to Mehtab Singh and Tejwant Kaur, he was initially educated in the local Guru Arjan Dev Khalsa High School where his father was the headmaster. Later he joined Forman Christian College, Lahore, where he cut his political teeth and was the General Secretary of Lahore Students' Union from 1938 to 1941. During these years he joined the Communist Party of India and rose to its highest ranks in the post independence years . Here he also came in contact with Navtej Singh, then a young son of established Punjabi writer Gurbakhsh Singh Preet Lari, and later an important Punjabi short story writer on his own. Together they translated Wanda Vasiliuska's novel 'Rainbow' into Punjabi, whose Punjabi version known as 'Satrangi Peengh' has never been out of print for almost 70 years now and is considered a landmark translation. Their friendship also led to Jagjit Singh Anand marrying Navtej Singh's younger sister Urmilla, a writer in her own right, in 1951.
Jagjit Singh Anand strode the twin political and literary careers throughout his life. A journalist by profession he was a prolific writer and translator and has more than 30 publications to his credit. He was the founder and executive member of Kendriya Punjabi Lekhak Sabha since its establishment in 1956. He was honored with the Soviet Land Nehru Award for the best translator in 1965 and the Journalist of the Year Award by the government of Punjab in 1971.
In 1974, he was elected to the Upper House of Indian Parliament, Rajya Sabha, to represent the state of Punjab. He also served as a President of Northern Railways Workers' Union and the North India University Employees' Federation. He was also the Working President of All India University and College Employees' Federation.
He remained the Chief Editor of Daily Nawan Zamana from 1963 until his death in June 2015.
Notableworks
Chete di changer chon, Communist Lehar de ang sang, Cheta chog chuge
Books
Chete di changer chon
" Communist Lehar de ang sang"
Cheta Chog Chuge
Soviet society and communist party (1976)
Soviet Union in world affairs (1977)
References
Indian independence activists from Punjab (British India)
History of Punjab
People from Amritsar district
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
1921 births
2015 deaths
Indian revolutionaries
Communist Party of India politicians from Punjab, India
Rajya Sabha members from Punjab, India |
James Brighouse (14 September 1841 in Loughborough, Leicestershire, England – 17 July 1916 in South Cottonwood, Utah, United States) was a late-nineteenth-century American leader of a splinter sect in the Latter Day Saint movement called the Order of Enoch. Brighouse was one of the first people to claim to be the "One Mighty and Strong" that Joseph Smith had prophesied of in 1832.
Order of Enoch
On December 7, 1884, a few members of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints met in Independence, Missouri to organize what they called the Order of Enoch or the Church or Kingdom of Christ. The leaders of group were Brighouse and Lars Peterson.
James Brighouse and Lars Peterson published The Voice at Midnight on December 25, 1884, in Independence, Missouri. This 4-page tract called for a return to the law of consecration. A form titled "Deed or Covenant" is part of the tract. This form provided for the consecration of property to the Bishop. The tract also called for the followers of Christ to devote themselves to Christ's teachings and become sanctified and pure in heart.
Teachings
Brighouse taught that Brigham Young had led the majority of Latter Day Saints astray by teaching plural marriage. Brighouse claimed that he was the "One Mighty and Strong" that Joseph Smith had prophesied would come to "set in order the house of God".
In 1891, Brighouse traveled to Salt Lake City, Utah Territory. It was believed by some Latter Day Saints that Joseph Smith had prophesied that Jesus Christ would return to earth by 1891; Brighouse went to the incomplete Salt Lake Temple and declared that he was Jesus, whose coming had been prophesied. Brighouse preached in Salt Lake City for a few days and converted a handful of followers. One of those followers, Dr. Henry I. Doremus, a prominent educator in Utah, assisted with Brighouse's publications. Doremus was excommunicated by the Church, for non-conformity to the tenets of that sect - particularly for his refusal to recognize the leaders of the church as the inspired agents and representatives of the Divinity.
In Utah Territory in 1892, Brighouse published a book called The Voice of the Seventh Angel, Proclaiming the End of Time! The Resurrection of the Dead! The Day of Final Judgment! and the Rule of Righteousness and Peace!. The following are some of the primary teachings in the book:
The Latter-day Saints have only the priesthood of Aaron, and no longer have the higher priesthood, known as the Melchizedek priesthood.
After the death of Joseph Smith, the Twelve Apostles had no right to create a higher quorum or president of the Church. Brigham Young was chosen to lead them to Utah, but he has taught false doctrines and led the Saints astray. He sinned in appointing himself the President of the Church in 1847, without a Revelation from the Lord.
Regarding resurrection and reincarnation, Brighouse taught that eternal life is the possession of power to always live, or to be changed in the twinkling of an eye, or to immediately enter another tabernacle.
The interior of the earth is inhabited with its teeming millions of human life and other creatures and it is where Jesus went to preach to the spirits in prison. It is in the earth, in darkness. It is the bottomless pit, spoken of in the Book of Revelation. It is the open space through the center of the earth, an atmosphere or space hundreds of miles across.
America is the land the sheep of the Lord should flock to. It is their land. It was once the location of the Garden of Eden, where Adam lived. Zion should be established in that same area in the center of the Western Continent (near Independence, MO).
Heaven is on the earth; and not far away, as the blind guides teach and preach; it is not beyond the sky or on some other planet; but it is immediately where we dwell; the very globe upon which we find ourselves today has all the conditions and elements of our eternal heaven or hell, and so hath every other earth throughout boundless space.
Every government on earth is bound, controlled, or influenced by a secret combination (secret organizations); paralyzing the very lifestrings of freedom and liberty; working behind the scenes in secret conclaves, and beyond the reach of the laws of any nation or kingdom on earth.
Zion must be built on the correct principles of government which is the preservation of agency, freedom, and righteousness. Also by love and not unrighteous authority.
A man can become a god by obtaining a fullness of light, love, and truth, in union with the eternal principles that govern heaven and earth.
Little is known of Brighouse's life after 1892, but his following remained small.
Notes
References
Ogden Kraut (1991). The One Mighty and Strong (Salt Lake City, Utah: Pioneer Press).
Bill Shepard, "'To Set in Order the House of God': The Search for the Elusive 'One Mighty and Strong'", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 39(3): 18–45 (Fall 2006).
Steven L. Shields (1982, 3d ed.). Divergent Paths of the Restoration (Missouri: Restoration Research) p. 106.
1841 births
1916 deaths
People from Loughborough
American Latter Day Saint leaders
American Latter Day Saints
Latter Day Saint leaders
Members of the Church of the Firstborn (Morrisite)
Religious leaders from Utah
Self-declared messiahs |
Cidariplura is a genus of moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1879.
Species
Cidariplura albolineata (Bethune-Baker, 1908) New Guinea
Cidariplura atayal Wu et al., 2013 Taiwan
Cidariplura brevivittalis (Moore, 1867) Bengal, Japan, Taiwan
Cidariplura butleri (Leech, 1900)
Cidariplura chalybealis (Moore, 1867) Darjeeling
Cidariplura dinawa (Bethune-Baker, 1908) New Guinea
Cidariplura dubia (Butler, 1889) Dharmsala
Cidariplura gladiata Butler, 1879 Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan
Cidariplura ilana Wu et al., 2013 Taiwan
Cidariplura maraho Wu et al., 2013 Taiwan
Cidariplura modesta (Leech, 1900) western China
Cidariplura nigristigma (Leech, 1900) Sichuan
Cidariplura ochreistigma (Leech, 1900)
Cidariplura olivens (Bethune-Baker, 1908) New Guinea
Cidariplura perfusca (Swinhoe, 1895) Malaysia
Cidariplura shanmeii Wu et al., 2013 Taiwan
Cidariplura signata (Butler, 1876) Japan, Korea, China
References
External links
Wu, Shipher, et al. (2013). "Review of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae) in Taiwan with descriptions of four new species". Zootaxa 3746.1: 143–160.
Hypeninae |
"Spend" is the fourteenth episode of the fifth season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series The Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on March 15, 2015. It was written by Matthew Negrete and directed by Jennifer Lynch. It marked Tyler James Williams' final appearance as supporting character Noah and Daniel Bonjour's final appearance as Aiden Monroe.
Plot
Gabriel, torn over by his loss of faith, tears up a Bible. Elsewhere, Noah meets with Deanna's husband Reg to become his student so he'll know what to do to keep the walls up. Noah then goes to meet Glenn, Tara, Aiden, and Nicholas, who are going on a repair mission, to get parts needed from a nearby warehouse to repair the solar power system. Eugene is reluctant to go, but is the only one that can identify the required parts.
As Rick makes his rounds, he passes Jessie's house and notices her working on one of her sculptures, which has been vandalized. Rick offers to find the culprit, but she brushes him off. Rick is later approached by Jessie's husband Pete, who tries to cultivate a friendship with him.
Glenn's group reaches the warehouse, and although the group is initially cautious, Aiden shoots a walker wearing a grenade, leading to Tara suffering a severe head injury. After the group rescues Tara, Eugene promises to protect her, with the others going off to find Aiden. Eugene is able to overcome his cowardice to evacuate Tara to their van which he uses to lure the walkers away from outside the building. The other three find Aiden still alive but impaled against a wall. Nicholas, panicking at the onslaught of walkers, tells Aiden that running is "who we are", and tries to escape through revolving doors in the front of the warehouse. Glenn and Noah try to free Aiden, but realizing it is impossible, they leave him to be attacked.
Meanwhile, Abraham helps a crew to extend Alexandria's walls. When the crew is ambushed by walkers, trapping their lookout Francine (Dahlia Legault), the foreman Tobin sees no way to save her and orders them to abandon her. Abraham instead races in to help rescue her, later assisted by other members of the crew. With the walkers dispatched, Abraham takes leadership of the group. Tobin later resigns his position to Deanna, Reg, and Maggie, admitting that Abraham is a better leader. Deanna agrees, but expresses her concern to Maggie that Rick's group is quickly filling in positions of leadership in the community. Gabriel later speaks to Deanna, expressing his doubts on the sincerity of Rick's group and not to trust them, unaware that Maggie has overheard them.
Carol is visited a few times by Jessie's son, Sam, who keeps asking for cookies. To get rid of him, Carol tells him she will only make them if he steals two bars of chocolate from the town's food storage. Sam returns with the chocolate. While waiting for the cookies to bake, he admits to breaking Jessie's statue, then asks for one of her guns. When Carol asks him why, he runs off.
Back at the warehouse, Glenn and Noah follow Nicholas to stop him but all three end up surrounded by walkers and stuck in the revolving door. To save himself, Nicholas ignores Glenn and opens the door far enough for the walkers to grab and drag Noah out, where he is consumed; a horrified Glenn watches but can do nothing. Nicholas catches up to Eugene in the van and threatens to leave him behind if they don't go now. Glenn, having made it out of the door, knocks Nicholas out. Though they have collected the parts, the ride back to Alexandria is somber and they hold Nicholas under gunpoint.
Carol goes to the Anderson home to try and talk to Sam or Jessie, but is coldly turned away by Pete, arousing her suspicion. When Rick returns home, Carol tells him that Pete is abusing Jessie and maybe Sam, and the only way to stop it is to kill Pete.
Reception
Ratings
Upon airing, the episode was watched by 13.781 million American viewers with an 18-49 rating of 7.0, a decrease in viewership from the previous episode which had 14.534 million viewers, and a slight decrease in 18-49 ratings from the previous episode's 7.3. The Australian broadcast was watched by 67,000 viewers, making it the third most-watched telecast on pay television that day.
Critical reception
The episode received critical acclaim. Matt Fowler of IGN gave it a 9.2 out of 10 saying "'Spend' was a damn solid episode that, in just one week, flipped me around on the whole 'Rick taking over Alexandria' situation. Full of huge, tense moments and surprising deaths, this chapter now has me back on Team Ricktatorship."
References
External links
"Spend" at AMC
2015 American television episodes
The Walking Dead (season 5) episodes |
```c++
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
* * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "core/page/PagePopupController.h"
#include "core/page/PagePopup.h"
#include "core/page/PagePopupClient.h"
#include "platform/text/PlatformLocale.h"
#include "public/platform/Platform.h"
namespace blink {
PagePopupController::PagePopupController(PagePopup& popup, PagePopupClient* client)
: m_popup(popup)
, m_popupClient(client)
{
ASSERT(client);
}
PassRefPtrWillBeRawPtr<PagePopupController> PagePopupController::create(PagePopup& popup, PagePopupClient* client)
{
return adoptRefWillBeNoop(new PagePopupController(popup, client));
}
void PagePopupController::setValueAndClosePopup(int numValue, const String& stringValue)
{
if (m_popupClient)
m_popupClient->setValueAndClosePopup(numValue, stringValue);
}
void PagePopupController::setValue(const String& value)
{
if (m_popupClient)
m_popupClient->setValue(value);
}
void PagePopupController::closePopup()
{
if (m_popupClient)
m_popupClient->closePopup();
}
void PagePopupController::selectFontsFromOwnerDocument(Document* targetDocument)
{
if (!targetDocument || !m_popupClient)
return;
m_popupClient->selectFontsFromOwnerDocument(*targetDocument);
}
String PagePopupController::localizeNumberString(const String& numberString)
{
if (m_popupClient)
return m_popupClient->locale().convertToLocalizedNumber(numberString);
return numberString;
}
String PagePopupController::formatMonth(int year, int zeroBaseMonth)
{
if (!m_popupClient)
return emptyString();
DateComponents date;
date.setMonthsSinceEpoch((year - 1970) * 12.0 + zeroBaseMonth);
return m_popupClient->locale().formatDateTime(date, Locale::FormatTypeMedium);
}
String PagePopupController::formatShortMonth(int year, int zeroBaseMonth)
{
if (!m_popupClient)
return emptyString();
DateComponents date;
date.setMonthsSinceEpoch((year - 1970) * 12.0 + zeroBaseMonth);
return m_popupClient->locale().formatDateTime(date, Locale::FormatTypeShort);
}
String PagePopupController::formatWeek(int year, int weekNumber, const String& localizedDateString)
{
if (!m_popupClient)
return emptyString();
DateComponents week;
bool setWeekResult = week.setWeek(year, weekNumber);
ASSERT_UNUSED(setWeekResult, setWeekResult);
String localizedWeek = m_popupClient->locale().formatDateTime(week);
return m_popupClient->locale().queryString(WebLocalizedString::AXCalendarWeekDescription, localizedWeek, localizedDateString);
}
void PagePopupController::clearPagePopupClient()
{
m_popupClient = nullptr;
}
void PagePopupController::histogramEnumeration(const String& name, int sample, int boundaryValue)
{
Platform::current()->histogramEnumeration(name.utf8().data(), sample, boundaryValue);
}
void PagePopupController::setWindowRect(int x, int y, int width, int height)
{
m_popup.setWindowRect(IntRect(x, y, width, height));
}
} // namespace blink
``` |
```javascript
The built-in Node debugger
Streams in **Node**
How to debug Node.js
Handle `JSON.parse` error in Node.js
Middleware/pipeline design pattern
``` |
Chlewisk Górny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suchowola, within Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.
References
Villages in Sokółka County |
Miechowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Byczyna, within Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately west of Byczyna, north of Kluczbork, and north of the regional capital Opole.
References
Miechowa |
```c++
//===- subzero/src/IceInstrumentation.cpp - ICE instrumentation framework -===//
//
// The Subzero Code Generator
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
//
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
///
/// \file
/// \brief Implements the Ice::Instrumentation class.
///
/// Subclasses can override particular instrumentation methods to specify how
/// the the target program should be instrumented.
///
//===your_sha256_hash------===//
#include "IceInstrumentation.h"
#include "IceCfg.h"
#include "IceInst.h"
#include "IceTargetLowering.h"
namespace Ice {
// Iterate through the instructions in the given CFG and instrument each one.
// Also instrument the beginning of the function.
void Instrumentation::instrumentFunc(Cfg *Func) {
assert(Func);
assert(!Func->getNodes().empty());
if (!isInstrumentable(Func))
return;
bool DidInstrumentEntry = false;
LoweringContext Context;
Context.init(Func->getNodes().front());
for (CfgNode *Node : Func->getNodes()) {
Context.init(Node);
while (!Context.atEnd()) {
if (!DidInstrumentEntry) {
instrumentFuncStart(Context);
DidInstrumentEntry = true;
}
instrumentInst(Context);
// go to next undeleted instruction
Context.advanceCur();
Context.advanceNext();
}
}
std::string FuncName = Func->getFunctionName().toStringOrEmpty();
if (FuncName == "_start")
instrumentStart(Func);
finishFunc(Func);
}
void Instrumentation::instrumentInst(LoweringContext &Context) {
assert(!Context.atEnd());
Inst *Instr = iteratorToInst(Context.getCur());
switch (Instr->getKind()) {
case Inst::Alloca:
instrumentAlloca(Context, llvm::cast<InstAlloca>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Arithmetic:
instrumentArithmetic(Context, llvm::cast<InstArithmetic>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Br:
instrumentBr(Context, llvm::cast<InstBr>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Call:
instrumentCall(Context, llvm::cast<InstCall>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Cast:
instrumentCast(Context, llvm::cast<InstCast>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::ExtractElement:
instrumentExtractElement(Context, llvm::cast<InstExtractElement>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Fcmp:
instrumentFcmp(Context, llvm::cast<InstFcmp>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Icmp:
instrumentIcmp(Context, llvm::cast<InstIcmp>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::InsertElement:
instrumentInsertElement(Context, llvm::cast<InstInsertElement>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Intrinsic:
instrumentIntrinsic(Context, llvm::cast<InstIntrinsic>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Load:
instrumentLoad(Context, llvm::cast<InstLoad>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Phi:
instrumentPhi(Context, llvm::cast<InstPhi>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Ret:
instrumentRet(Context, llvm::cast<InstRet>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Select:
instrumentSelect(Context, llvm::cast<InstSelect>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Store:
instrumentStore(Context, llvm::cast<InstStore>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Switch:
instrumentSwitch(Context, llvm::cast<InstSwitch>(Instr));
break;
case Inst::Unreachable:
instrumentUnreachable(Context, llvm::cast<InstUnreachable>(Instr));
break;
default:
// Only instrument high-level ICE instructions
assert(false && "Instrumentation encountered an unexpected instruction");
break;
}
}
void Instrumentation::setHasSeenGlobals() {
{
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> _(GlobalsSeenMutex);
HasSeenGlobals = true;
}
GlobalsSeenCV.notify_all();
}
LockedPtr<VariableDeclarationList> Instrumentation::getGlobals() {
std::unique_lock<std::mutex> GlobalsLock(GlobalsSeenMutex);
GlobalsSeenCV.wait(GlobalsLock, [this] { return HasSeenGlobals; });
return Ctx->getGlobals();
}
} // end of namespace Ice
``` |
```xml
import teamPermanentDeleter from "@server/commands/teamPermanentDeleter";
import { Team } from "@server/models";
import BaseTask, { TaskPriority } from "./BaseTask";
type Props = {
/** The team ID to permanantly destroy */
teamId: string;
};
export default class CleanupDeletedTeamTask extends BaseTask<Props> {
public async perform({ teamId }: Props) {
const team = await Team.findByPk(teamId, {
paranoid: false,
rejectOnEmpty: true,
});
await teamPermanentDeleter(team);
}
public get options() {
return {
attempts: 1,
priority: TaskPriority.Background,
};
}
}
``` |
Thomas Ernest Bonner (born 6 February 1988) is a Scottish footballer who plays for Havant & Waterlooville.
Career
Bonner began his career in the Queens Park Rangers Academy before he signed a professional contract with Northampton Town in 2005. He went on loan to Bedford Town and Nuneaton Borough before he signed with Rushden & Diamonds in January 2007. At Rushden he went out on loan to Bedford Town and Heybridge Swifts. During his spell with Bedford Town he notably scored the winning goal in a play off final against Chippenham Town to secure Bedford's promotion to the Conference South. He was released by Rushden in May 2007 and went on to play non-league football with Hinckley United and Ilkeston Town. In 2010 Bonner joined Conference Premier side Dartford and after spending three seasons at Princes Park he signed with Cambridge United in May 2013. He made his Football League debut on 9 August 2014 in a 1–0 win at home against Plymouth Argyle.
In September 2014, Bonner joined Conference Premier side Dover Athletic on loan, helping the club to record nine clean sheets in his first twenty-four appearances, including in two FA Cup shock wins over Football League sides Morecambe and Cheltenham Town as the club reached the FA Cup third round against Premier League side Crystal Palace, where they lost to a strong Palace squad.
Bonner signed for Ebbsfleet United on an 18-month contract on 15 January 2015.
On 1 June 2016, Bonner rejoined former side Dartford for the 2016–17 National League South season.
On 2 June 2018, Bonner was sent off representing Hackney pub The Gun in the BT Sport Pub Cup final at Leicester City's King Power Stadium.
On 22 June 2023, Bonner announced his retirement from football.
Bonner came out of retirement just four months later by joining Havant & Waterlooville.
Honours
Cambridge United
FA Trophy: 2013–14
Dartford
Conference South Play-off winners: 2011–12
Kent Senior Cup: 2019–20, 2021–22
Individual
National League South Team of the Year: 2016–17, 2017–18, 2021–22
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from the London Borough of Camden
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's youth international footballers
English Football League players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Bedford Town F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Heybridge Swifts F.C. players
Corby Town F.C. players
Hinckley United F.C. players
Ilkeston Town F.C. (1945) players
Dartford F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Ebbsfleet United F.C. players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C. players
Men's association football defenders |
The history of paleontology in the United States refers to the developments and discoveries regarding fossils found within or by people from the United States of America. Local paleontology began informally with Native Americans, who have been familiar with fossils for thousands of years. They both told myths about them and applied them to practical purposes. African slaves also contributed their knowledge; the first reasonably accurate recorded identification of vertebrate fossils in the new world was made by slaves on a South Carolina plantation who recognized the elephant affinities of mammoth molars uncovered there in 1725. The first major fossil discovery to attract the attention of formally trained scientists were the Ice Age fossils of Kentucky's Big Bone Lick. These fossils were studied by eminent intellectuals like France's George Cuvier and local statesmen and frontiersman like Daniel Boone, Benjamin Franklin, William Henry Harrison, Thomas Jefferson, and George Washington. By the end of the 18th century possible dinosaur fossils had already been found.
By the beginning of the 19th, their fossil footprints definitely had. Later in the century as more dinosaur fossils were uncovered eminent paleontologists Edward Drinker Cope and Othniel Charles Marsh were embroiled in a bitter rivalry to collect the most fossils and name the most new prehistoric species. Early in the 20th century major finds continued, like the Ice Age mammals of the La Brea Tar Pits, the Oligocene bonebeds of South Dakota, and the Triassic bonebeds of New Mexico. Mid-to-late twentieth century discoveries in the United States triggered the Dinosaur Renaissance as the discovery of the bird-like Deinonychus overturned misguided notions of dinosaurs as plodding lizard-like animals, cemented their sophisticated physiology and relationship with birds. Other notable finds include Maiasaura, which provided early evidence for parental care in dinosaurs and "Seismosaurus" the largest known dinosaur.
Indigenous interpretations
The indigenous people of the United States interpreted the fossil record through a mythological lens. Some of the tactics they used to understand the fossil record were nevertheless similar to scientific approaches. Native American fossil legends often derived from observation and rational speculation based on fossil finds. The indigenous people of the United States also frequently attempted to verify and modify interpretations of the fossil record in order to make sense of new discoveries. Although imperfect, Native American oral histories can preserve accurate information for extended periods of time. Since contact with Europeans, the ensuing epidemics, colonial violence, the Indian Wars, and forced displacement of Native peoples to reservations has resulted in the loss of much of their fossil-related culture. According to folklorist Adrienne Mayor, a common theme in indigenous American fossil legends is "the eternal struggle for natural balance among earth, water and sky forces". Indigenous fossil legends also frequently show motifs resembling major themes in scientific paleontology like deep time, extinction, change over time and relationships between different life forms. Fossils have been used by Native Americans for evidence about the past, healing, personal protection, and trade. Fossil sites were often chosen as the setting of vision quests. Modern Comanche in Oklahoma still use dinosaur and mammoth bones for medicinal purposes. Since the 18th century, numerous dinosaur and other specimens have been gathered from lands that belonged to indigenous peoples without any form of authorization or reimbursement. The removal of the fossils, which are worth millions of dollars, from reservations has been carried out by federal agencies, museums, and academic scientists, who often refused to recognize the ownership rights and cultural significance of the fossils to local communities.
18th century
The first reasonably correct identification of a vertebrate fossil in North America was made in 1725, at a South Carolina plantation called Stono. There slaves had uncovered several large fossil teeth while digging in a swamp. The slaves unanimously identified the teeth as elephant molars, which they would have recognized from life in Africa. In the early 19th century, Georges Cuvier authored an 1806 translated account of the discovery at Stono. He remarked that the African slaves understood the similarity between mammoth remains and elephants before European naturalists.
The first major vertebrate fossil discovery in North America to attract the attention of formally trainer scientists occurred just a few decades later. In July 1739 a French military expedition comprising 123 French soldiers and 319 Native American warriors left Quebec under the command of Charles III Le Moyne (2nd Baron Charles de Longueuil) to help defend New Orleans from the Chickasaw, who were attacking the city on behalf of England. While on their journey down the Ohio River towards the Mississippi, they camped in what is now Kentucky. Some of the expedition's Native members formed a hunting party and embarked to acquire that evening's meal. When they returned that evening their canoes were laden with massive fossils including long tusks, massive teeth, and a thighbone almost as tall as a person. The source of their fossils was the site now known as Big Bone Lick.
Near the end of 1740, Baron Charles de Longueuil departed from New Orleans to France, carrying with him fossils from Big Bone Lick. Longueuil left the remains at the Cabinet du Roi. This Cabinet du Roi (not to be confused with the administration personnel cabinet of the same name) was a collection of curiosities stored in the chateau of the king's botanical garden (which is nowadays the Jardin des plantes, in Paris, main seat of the French National Museum of Natural History). These fossils were first speculated on by eminent French scientists like Jean-Etienne Guettard and Georges Cuvier. A few years later, in 1762, Louis Daubenton read his paper before the French Royal Academy of Science showing that the bones and tusks belonged to an elephant-like species and that the teeth belonged to some kind of carnivorous hippopotamus. In fact the teeth belonged to the same individual, in the present day identified as an American mastodon (Mammut americanum).
In 1767 George Crogan (an Indian agent) sent several fossils from Big Bone Lick to Benjamin Franklin. Benjamin Franklin wrote back to express his amazement that the tusks resembled those of an elephant, yet the molars resembled those of a carnivorous animal. Franklin also wondered at the fact that the elephant-like fossils of Big Bone Lick were found in places so much colder than places modern elephants live. He speculated that maybe earth was in a different position in the past and its climate correspondingly different. Soon after the fossils attracted the attention of other major American figures like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Daniel Boone, William Henry Harrison, and James Taylor. The mammoth quickly became a symbol of American patriotism and equality with the Old World.
One of the earliest notable events in American dinosaur paleontology occurred on October 5, 1787. Caspar Wistar and Timothy Matlack gave a presentation to the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia regarding "'a large thigh bone'" from some mysterious ancient creature found in Late Cretaceous rocks near Woodbury Creek, New Jersey. Modern scientist suspect this bone was actually a metatarsal from a duck-billed dinosaur, which are known from the same sediments.
19th century
Among the earliest major fossil discoveries in America occurred in Massachusetts during the spring of 1802. At that time a boy uncovered a piece of reddish sandstone with bird-like three toed footprints while ploughing on his father's farm in South Hadley. This was the first recorded dinosaur footprint discovery in North America. A short while later, Lewis and Clark expedition of 1804 through 1806 made several fossil discoveries along its journey, including the first documented fossils from what is now North Dakota. However, only a fish jawbone from Iowa remains of the fossils they collected along the way. Another significant, but unrelated event from the early 19th century was the 1817 organization of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York by Samuel L. Mitchill. In 1869 the American Museum of Natural History was organized out of the Lyceum.
During the Late 1830s Increase Allen Lapham found a variety of fossils in great abundance in some rocky hills near Milwaukee. Lapham sent a sizable sampling of the local fossils to James Hall of New York in 1846. Hall began researching the area and in 1862 recognized the local reefs for what they were. The Silurian-aged reefs of the Milwaukee area were the first Paleozoic reefs in the world to be described for the scientific literature.
In 1835 another major dinosaur track find occurred in Massachusetts. The town of Greenfield was paving its streets when residents noticed fossil footprints on the sandstone slabs that resembled turkey tracks. These rocks were taken from what would turn out to be the most productive dinosaur tracksite in the Connecticut Valley. Later that year, word of the find reached Amherst College geology professor Edward Hitchcock. Hitchcock spent the rest of the summer traveling through the Connecticut Valley examining the fossil footprints. The next year Hitchcock wrote a scientific paper on the fossil footprints of the Connecticut Valley. He thought the tracks were made by giant birds. In 1858, Hitchcock published again on the Connecticut Valley fossil footprints and still thought of them as bird tracks.
In 1842, fossils were found on a plantation owned by a man named Judge Creagh. Local doctors identified the fossils as belonging to an ancient marine reptile, and called it Basilosaurus. However, some of the fossils were shipped to Sir Richard Owen in England. After examining the remains Owen realized the bones actually belonged to a whale, rather than a reptile. Herman Melville's narrator Ishmael gives an account of the discovery in chapters 104–105 of Moby-Dick (1851).
In 1849, land surveyor John Evans was given authority and funding by the U.S. Congress to explore the Badlands. Evans was a subagent of the U.S. geologist David Dale Owen. Under his instruction, Evans devised a map of the Badlands, which included descriptive notes on geological beds and formations. He also secured a large amount of invertebrate and vertebrate fossils for an official report by Owen. These fossils were likely taken from Sioux land without the permission from the Tribe. Joseph Leidy of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences described and classified Owen’s fossil specimens. It can be argued that Leidy’s career and reputation were advanced by his studies of paleontological resources collected from Native American lands.
In 1853 the Pacific Railroad Exploration survey became the first to document Arizona's petrified forest. In 1900 the United States Geological Survey dedicated a report to the petrified forest and encouraged swift action to preserve the spectacular fossils before curiosity seekers removed them all. In 1906, protective action was taken and Petrified Forest officially became a national monument.
In 1858 the United States was home to the world's first "reasonably complete" dinosaur skeleton. A member of the Academy of Natural Sciences named William Foulke heard about fossil bones that had been found on a local farm while spending the summer in Haddonfield. That fall Foulke hired a team to reopen the marl pit the bones had been taken from. Roughly 10 feet down they found bones. Paleontologist Joseph Leidy later formally described the fossils. He interpreted the fossils as the remains of a bipedal amphibious reptile that had been swept out to sea by the river it lived alongside. Leidy called the creature Hadrosaurus foulkii after Foulke. A decade later, in 1868 Leidy worked with artist Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins to mount Hadrosaurus foulkii for the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. This became both the first mounted dinosaur skeleton ever mounted for public display but also one of the most popular exhibits in the history of the Academy. Estimates have the Hadrosaurus exhibit as increasing the number of visitors by up to 50%.
The year after the Hadrosaurus's fossils were first identified, 1859, state agricultural chemist Philip T. Tyson found the first documented dinosaur fossils of the Arundel Formation in an iron pit at Bladensburg, Maryland. The discovery consisted of two fossil teeth. Tyson took the dinosaur teeth to a local doctor named Christopher Johnston. Johnston cut thin sections of one tooth to examine it under a microscope. Johnson named the teeth Astrodon. In 1865 Joseph Leidy formally named the species Astrodon johnstoni after Christopher Johnston. This represents the first formal naming of a sauropod species in North America.
Two years later a chance find would bring instant fame to the fossils of the John Day region of Oregon. In 1861, a company of soldiers arrived in Oregon's Fort Dalles after visiting the Crooked River region brought back fossil bones and teeth, among which was a well-preserved rhinoceros jaw. The pastor of the fort's Congregational church, Thomas Condon, happened to be a paleontology enthusiast. In 1862, some soldiers were dispatched with supplies to Harney Valley. Condon went along with them and prospected for fossils when the troops passed back through the Crooked River area. He went fossil collecting again in 1863 and found rich fossil deposits north of Picture Gorge in the John Day River Valley. He realized that he had stumbled on a find of major scientific importance. Since he himself had no scientific qualifications or references to use in identifying fossils, Condon sent some fossils to O. C. Marsh of Yale University. Marsh replied with a request for Condon to guide and expedition to the area in which he found the fossils. Condon obliged and over the ensuing years a series of fossil hunting expeditions ventured into the John Day fossil beds.
Later, 1866 dinosaur remains were found in a marl pit near Barnsboro owned by the Wet Jersey Marl Company. He called it Laelaps aquilunguis. Also that year, Cope gave Othniel Charles Marsh a tour of the marl pit where Laelaps was found. While there, Marsh secretly made arrangements with some of the workers for them to send any fossils they find to him at the Yale Peabody Museum instead of to Cope at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. This may have been the "first shot" of the Bone Wars, a bitter long-running feud between the two scientists.
The next year a United States army surgeon named Dr. Theophilus Turner found a nearly complete plesiosaur skeleton in what is now Logan County while stationed at Fort Wallace. This was the first plesiosaur specimen of this caliber found in all of North America. Dr. Turner gave some of the vertebrae to a member of the Union Pacific railroad survey, John LeConte. He in turn gave the bones to paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope, who identified them as the remains of a very large plesiosaur. Cope wrote a letter to Dr. Turner requesting that he send him the remainder of the skeleton. Turner obliged and in mid-March 1868 Cope received the remainder of the fossils. Within two weeks of receiving the specimen, Cope made a presentation at the March 24th meeting of the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. He named the creature Elasmosaurus platyurus, although in his hasty work he mistakenly reconstructed it with its head at the end of the tail instead of its neck. Cope traversed many parts of Sioux Country during his career and collected important dinosaurian fossils from the Standing Rock Reservation.
In 1869, excavation started at Gilboa Forest, an extraordinary collection of Devonian plants regarded as one of the first forests to ever exist. Excavation of the Gilboa petrified forest continued on into the early twentieth century, but by 1921 on-site field work had completed.
The next year, O. C. Marsh led a paleontological expedition into the western United States on behalf of Yale University. Late that November they visited the area around Fort Wallace. Among the fossils found by Marsh's crew in western Kansas were the far ends of two pterosaur wing metacarpals. These were the first scientifically documented fossils of the pterosaur that would later be named Pteranodon. This formal naming occurred six years later, in 1876.
In 1874 March's rival, Cope arrived at New Mexico accompanying the G. M. Wheeler Survey. While in the area he found the first known Eocene mammal from the southwestern United States, Coryphodon. In total he discovered about 90 species. This was a major boon to his reputation as his research was foundational to understanding that interval of American geologic history.
Around March 1877 a man named Oramel Lucas discovered sauropod bones in a valley called Garden Park located a few miles north of Canon City, Colorado. He wrote to both Cope and O. C. Marsh, the famous rival paleontologists of the bone wars to alert them about his discovery. Although Marsh never responded, Cope did, and Oramel Lucas and his brother Ira began digging up local fossils and sending them to Cope. By August of the same year, Cope had formally named the new species excavated by the Lucas brothers Camarasaurus supremus. Later, a crew working on behalf of O. C. Marsh under Mudge and Williston started a quarry nearby. They made several important finds like the new species Allosaurus fragilis and Diplodocus longus. Following the initial excavations in the quarry field work stopped until 1883. That year brothers Marshall and Henry Felch reopened excavations there, again on behalf of O. C. Marsh. They worked for five years collecting many dinosaurs already known from the formation, but also the new species Ceratosaurus nasicornis.
Beginning in 1877, the plentiful dinosaur remains preserved in Wyoming came to the attention of scientists. Three men played a pivotal early role in bringing scientific attention to the area's dinosaurs. These were Colorado School of Mines professor Arthur Lakes, teacher O. Lucas, and Union Pacific Railroad foreman William H. Reed. In March 1877, Reed noticed fossil limbs and vertebrae at Como Bluff. He spent several weeks collecting fossils with foreman William E. Carlin. In July, O. C. Marsh was informed of Reed and Carlin's fossil discoveries. Marsh hired both of them to acquire more local fossils for him. They continued collecting into early 1878, uncovering several Camarasaurus specimens, one being a new species, Camarasaurus grandis. Nearby they made another significant find, Dryolestes priscus, the first Jurassic mammal known from North America. From 1877 to 1878 Princeton also sent a massive expedition to Wyoming. Major participants included Henry Fairfield Osborn, W. E. Scott, and Thomas Speer. Also around this time, Samuel W. Williston began periodic excavations.
Late in 1877, Marsh's scientific rival Edward Drinker Cope heard that fossils had been found at Como Bluff. He quickly dispatched his own fossil hunters into the area. Reed described his struggles to keep Cope's men away from his own hunting grounds in regular correspondence with Marsh. William Carlin quit working for Marsh and ended up joining Cope's efforts in the region. Since Carlin was in charge of the railway's station house he used his influence to keep Reed out. Marsh hired additional help for Reed, but none of his workers stayed on the job long term. Reed was essentially on his own by the spring of 1879, working hectically at excavating several quarries at once to recover the fossils before Cope's men. In the middle of May that same year Marsh directed Arthur Lakes to leave the Morrison, Colorado area and assist Reed at Como Bluff. The partnership would be fruitful that year and several major discoveries happened. They found a ninth site early in July that would be the most productive of any fossil site in the Morrison Formation.
In September, they made another major discovery. By the end of the month, they had identified a new species of sauropod, Brontosaurus excelsus, that would end up mounted in the Yale Peabody Museum. This species has since been reclassified as Apatosaurus excelsus. In September they found a thirteenth quarry that produced more dinosaur skeletons than any of the others. Camptosaurus and Stegosaurus were the most common. New dinosaurs found here included Camarasaurus lentus, Camptosaurus dispar, and Coelurus fragilis. By June 1889, fieldwork at Como Bluff had concluded after twelve years. Marsh's fieldwork in the area uncovered the greatest abundance of Jurassic fossils known in the world at the time. By the 1918 conclusion of Samuel W. Williston's work in Wyoming hundreds of tons of dinosaur bones had been recovered from Wyoming rocks.
A major Cenozoic fossil find also happened in 1877. That year, a scout and rancher named Captain James H. Cook found a Miocene bonebed in Sioux County, Nebraska now known as the Agate Springs Quarries. These rich deposits are so dense with bones that single forty foot slab of sandstone preserved more than 4300 bones from at least 1700 individual animals. The total number of fossils preserved here may number in the millions. The tiny rhinoceras Diceratherium cooki composed about one quarter of the remains in the Agate Springs beds. This was the first paleontological discovery to attract public attention to the fossils of Nebraska.
In late 1887 Othniel Charles Marsh sent John Bell Hatcher to look for dinosaur remains in the Arundel Clay. While on this expedition, Hatcher found a fossiliferous iron mine on a farm near Muikirk, Maryland. Hatcher's excavation continued uncovering dinosaur fossils into the next year. Hatcher recovered hundreds of bones and teeth, which helped the region between Maryland and Washington D.C. become known as Dinosaur Alley.
20th century
Between 1906 and 1916 hundreds of thousands of Pleistocene fossils were uncovered in central Los Angeles. Just a few years after the La Brea tar pits were found, in 1908, paleontologist Earl Douglass was excavating fossils in Utah on behalf of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. The director of the museum visited Douglass's camp that year and suggested that Douglass search for Jurassic dinosaur fossils in the Uinta Mountains north of his camp. Douglass agreed and they set off to the Uinta Mountains the next day. They found so many fossils that Douglas built a home near the Green River and his family moved in from Pittsburgh. He spent the rest of his career in the area excavating fossils. Among the local finds were Allosaurus, Apatosaurus, Barosaurus, Camarasaurus, Camptosaurus, Diplodocus, Dryosaurus, Stegosaurus. In 1915 US president Woodrow Wilson declared the quarry and surrounding land Dinosaur National Monument in order to protect it from settlement. Between 1909 and 1923 millions of tons of rocks and fossils had been excavated from the Dinosaur National Monument area.
In 1909 in paleontology Massachusetts paleontologist Mignon Talbot became the first woman elected to the Paleontological Society. In an unrelated east coast discovery of 1912, workers digging in a cave for a railroad construction project near Cumberland, Maryland in Allegany County uncovered many fossils in the course of their labor. However, eventually the scientific significance of the fossils was realized and paleontologist J. W. Gidley conducted fieldwork at the cave between 1912 and 1915. By 1938 report more than 50 different kinds of animals had been identified among the fossils.
In 1938, Barnum Brown of the American Museum of Natural History sent Roland T. Bird to Texas in search of dinosaur trackways reportedly uncovered by local moonshiners. At the town of Glen Rose local residents guided him to carnivorous dinosaur tracks preserved along the Paluxy River. While he was cleaning mud from these footprints, he noticed another kind of footprint, apparently left by a long-necked sauropod dinosaur. In 1940, Bird resumed his Texas fieldwork with the help of paleontologists from the Survey and labor employed by the Works Progress Administration.
Later, in 1940, the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology collaborated with National Geographic on an expedition into the badlands of South Dakota. They uncovered tons of fossils from at least 175 different species of Oligocene life. The fossils were taken to the South Dakota School of Mines in Rapid City. Among the mammal discoveries were the remains of rhinoceroses, tapirs, three-toed horses, pig-like animals, and rodents. In 1947 another major dinosaur discovery took place. An American Museum field party led by Edwin Harris Colbert found a bonebed including the skeletons of more than 1,000 Coelophysis at Ghost Ranch. Later, in 1953 University of New Mexico graduate student William Chenoweth found three important sites where dinosaurs were preserved in Morrison Formation rocks. He found a fragmentary Allosaurus, sauropods, and Stegosaurus.
A rare double-crested Dilophosaurus fossil was taken from the Navajo Reservation in 1942. Navajo man, Jesse Williams, discovered the nearly complete fossil in 1940, to years before Sam Welles, the famous bone-hunter for University of California, Berkeley, arrived. Welles dug up the fossil in a record 10 days and took it to Berkeley, where it remains as a prize specimen in the museum’s collection. The Navajo tribe has made formal requests for the return of this important fossil, but was repeatedly denied with the latest being in 1998.
The famous Montanan Tertiary deposits of the Ruby Valley basin were also first studied in 1947. The early research was performed by Dr. Herman F. Becker on behalf of the New York Botanical Garden. These deposits from the southwestern part of the state are one of the best sources of plant and insect fossils in North America. In 1959 Becker's Ruby Valley excavations uncovered about 5,000 specimens of more than two hundred species of plants, insects, and fishes. Invertebrate finds included ants, bees, beetles, earwigs, caddis flies, crane flies, damsel flies, lantern flies, may flies, grasshoppers, leaf hoppers, mosquitoes, snails, and wasps. Vertebrate remains included feathers, and, once in a while, a bird.
During the late 1950s Francis Tully found a fossil he could not identify at the strip mines near Braidwood, Illinois. He took the specimen to Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History. Researchers at the museum couldn't identify it either, and the specimen became known as Mr. Tully's monster. In 1966, Eugene Richardson, the Curator of Fossil Invertebrates of the Field Museum formally named the Tully monster Tullimonstrum gregarium in honor of Tully.
In 1964, John Ostrom led an expedition that included his student Robert T. Bakker into the south-central part of Montana. The rocks they prospected were of the Cloverly Formation, dating back to the Early Cretaceous. Among their finds were the first documented remains of a small carnivorous dinosaur that would be named Deinonychus antirrhopus. This discovery helped ignite the Dinosaur Renaissance. It exhibited important anatomical similarities to birds that helped scientists shed antiquated ideas interpreting dinosaurs as "overgrown lizards".
In Spring, 1965 a major discovery of Devonian fossils occurred in Cuyahoga County. A collaboration between the state Highway Department, Ohio Bureau of Public Roads and the Cleveland Museum of Natural History led by the Smithsonian's David Dunkle uncovered as many as 50,000 fish fossils from a construction site. By the ensuing November 120 or more different species had been found there, with half previously unknown to science. That same year, in an unrelated development, the Florissant fossil beds of Colorado were proposed as a potential federal preserve.
In 1978 paleontologist Bill Clemens alerted fellow paleontologists Jack Horner and Bob Makela to the presence of unidentified dinosaur fossils in Bynum, Montana. Horner visited the town and recognized the remains as belonging to a duck-billed dinosaur. While in town the owner of a local rock shop, Marion Brandvold, showed him some tiny bones. Horner identified them as baby duck-bill bones. Horner also knew that this was an important find and convinced Brandvold to donate her fossils to a museum. She obliged and gave them to Princeton University. Horner's team prospected in the area where Brandvold found the baby hadrosaur fossils. Their effort paid off with the discovery of the first scientifically documented dinosaur eggs of the Western Hemisphere and a new kind of duck-bill, Maiasaura peeblesorum.
The next year, 1979, two hikers found a series of gigantic articulated vertebrae fossils near San Ysidro. They reported the remains to David Gilette of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History. Gillette led an expedition into the region and used cutting edge technology to locate the remains while they were still entombed in sandstone. The team excavated a massive quarry and gradually recovered a significant portion of the rear half of a diplodocid sauropod dinosaur. In 1991 this dinosaur was formally described as the new genus Seismosaurus and estimated to be the longest dinosaur known to science at long.
In 1992, a Tyrannosaurus fossil by the name of Sue was excavated by non-Indian fossil hunters on Indigenous land. This has become a notorious example of disputed ownership of a dinosaur fossil as the US government seized the fossil. Federal treaty law does not allow Native Americans to sell property held in trust for them by the government and thus a series of court decision decided the custody of the dinosaur. The fossil was auctioned by Sothebys in 1997 and within just 10 minutes of bidding the price reached $8.3 million. This was paid by the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago with the help of several corporations. This event spawned a soaring market for spectacular fossils among rich private collectors, leading to increased poaching from reservations and public lands.
21st century
More recently, in the 2000s, Seismosaurus was found to be the same as Diplodocus, a previously known dinosaur of similar age from the western United States. Dinosaur fossils continue to be found in new locations within the United States. It was not until 2004 that any dinosaur fossils were reported from Louisiana. Currently, within the United States, dinosaur fossils are known from Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, D.C., Washington state and Wyoming, but not in Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, or Wisconsin. Washington is the latest state to have found their first dinosaur bone, it was recovered in 2012 but was not publicly identified until May 21, 2015. Some states contain rocks of the appropriate type and age to preserve dinosaur fossils, so the list of states with known dinosaur fossils is likely to increase in the future.
See also
Paleontology in the United States
History of paleontology
Footnotes
Sources
Braden, Angela K. The Arkansas Dinosaur "Arkansaurus fridayi". Arkansas Geologic Survey. 2007.
"A Brief Summary of the Geologic History of Ohio". GeoFacts. Number 23. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey. July 2001.
Discovering Dinosaurs. Minipage. Buffalo News. November 4, 2010. Accessed August 28, 2010.
Carr, T.D., Williamson, T.E., & Schwimmer, D.R. 2005. A new genus and species of tyrannosauroid from the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian) Demopolis Formation of Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(1): 119–143.
Dinosaur Fossils are not found in Indiana Our Hoosier State Beneath Us: Paleontology. Indiana Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources. Accessed August 2, 2012.
Everhart, Michael J. Oceans Of Kansas: A Natural History Of The Western Interior Sea (Life of the Past). Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. 322 pp.
Foster, J. (2007). Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. Indiana University Press. 389pp. .
Gangloff, Roland, Sarah Rieboldt, Judy Scotchmoor, Dale Springer. July 21, 2006. "Alaska, US." The Paleontology Portal. Accessed September 21, 2012.
Greb, Stephen. Fossils. Fact Sheet No. 4. Kentucky Geological Survey. September, 1999.
Hayes, Paul G. Increase Allen Lapham: Wisconsin's First Geologist. Geoscience Wisconsin. Volume 18. 2001.
Hedeen, S., 2008, Big Bone Lick: the Cradle of American Paleontology: Lexington, Kentucky, The University Press of Kentucky, 182 p.
Hilton, Richard P. 2003. Dinosaurs and Other Mesozoic Reptiles of California. Berkeley: University of California Press. 318 pp.
Horner, John R. Dinosaurs Under the Big Sky. Mountain Press Publishing Company. 2001. .
Jacobs, L. L., III. 1995. Lone Star Dinosaurs. Texas A&M University Press.
Jones, Meg. Rare Sample From Dinosaur Age Found in Wisconsin. Milwaukee, Wisconsin Journal Sentinel Online. 2009. Accessed August 14, 2012.
Lockley, Martin and Hunt, Adrian. Dinosaur Tracks of Western North America. Columbia University Press. 1999.
Lucas S, Herne M, Heckert A, Hunt A, and Sullivan R. Reappraisal of Seismosaurus, A Late Jurassic Sauropod Dinosaur from New Mexico. The Geological Society of America, 2004 Denver Annual Meeting (November 7–10, 2004). Retrieved on 2007-05-24.
Mayor, Adrienne. Fossil Legends of the First Americans. Princeton University Press. 2005. .
Madin, Ian P. "Oregon: A Geologic History." Interpretive Map Series 28. Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries.
Mihelich, Peggy.It's Real Life CSI for Dinosaur Detectives. CNN Tech. August 25, 2006. Accessed July 31, 2012.
Mikulic, Donald G. The Reefs that Made Milwaukee Famous. Geoscience Wisconsin. Volume 18. 2001.
Mikulic, D.G. and Kluessendorf, J. Illinois’ State Fossil— Tullimonstrum gregarium. Geobit 5. Illinois State Geological Survey. 2004. 2 pp. Accessed August 3, 2012.
Murray, Marian. 1974. Hunting for Fossils: A Guide to Finding and Collecting Fossils in All 50 States. Collier Books. 348 pp.
Schiebout, J. A., Ting, S., Williams, M., Boardman, G., Gose, W., Wilhite, D. R., White, P. D., and Kilbourne, B. 2004. Paleofaunal & Environmental Research on Miocene Fossil Sites TVOR SE and TVOR S on Fort Polk, Louisiana, with Continued Survey, Collection, Processing, and Documentation of other Miocene localities. Louisiana. Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, Contract no. DACA63-00-D-006, Delivery Order no. 0015. Louisiana State University, 45 pp.
Vaiden, Robert C. Build Illinois: The Last 500 Million Years. Geonote 4. Illinois State Geological Survey. 2004. 12 pp. Accessed August 3, 2012.
Weishampel, D.B. & L. Young. 1996. Dinosaurs of the East Coast. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. .
Witzke, Brian J. The Age of Dinosaurs in Iowa. Iowa Geology. Number 26. 2001. Pages 2–7.
History of paleontology |
In games of association football, teams compete to score the most goals during the match. A goal is scored when the ball passes completely over a goal line at either end of the field of play between two centrally positioned upright goal posts 24 feet (7.32 m) apart and underneath a horizontal crossbar at a height of 8 feet (2.44 m) — this frame is itself referred to as a goal. Each team aims to score at one end of the pitch, while preventing their opponents from scoring at the other end. Nets are usually attached to the goal frame to catch goalscoring balls, but the ball is not required to touch the net.
Rules
Rules concerning goal scoring are described in Law 10 of the Laws of the Game:
As with other cases of the ball travelling out of the field of play, all of the ball must cross all of the line, otherwise play continues. A goal is credited to the team attacking the goal scored upon, regardless of which team actually caused the ball to enter the goal. A ball entering a goal from the action of a player defending that goal is called an own goal.
If the ball hits the frame of the goal and remains in play, play continues. Goals can be scored going in off the goal frame.
Even if serious foul play unambiguously prevents a goal from being scored, the referee cannot award a goal unless the ball enters the goal as described above; i.e., there is no provision for awarding a goal akin to the penalty try in rugby football or the goaltending offence in basketball (although such a provision did once exist, as described below).
A goal cannot be scored directly from a dropped ball, indirect free kick or a throw-in. Should the ball go into the opponents' goal from these without first being touched by another player, play is restarted with a goal kick. A player cannot score an own goal directly from any restart of play (other than a penalty kick); in that case a corner kick would be awarded. Both of these situations, especially the latter, are exceedingly rare.
As a result of rule-changes introduced in 2019, it is not possible to score an attacking goal with the hands or arm. If a goalkeeper throws the ball directly into the opponent's goal from his/her own penalty area, no goal is awarded: instead a goal-kick is awarded to the defending side. If the ball goes directly into the opponent's goal from the hands or arm of a player in any other circumstances, the handling is penalised as a handball offence (even if it was unintentional, or would otherwise have been legal). It remains possible to score an own goal with the hands or arm.
If a player or team official is illegally on the field of play when that person's team scores a goal, the goal is disallowed, with a direct free kick being awarded to the opposing side.
After a goal is scored, play is restarted with a kick-off by the side which conceded the goal.
Deciding whether a goal has been scored
Most goals are relatively unambiguous, as the ball will usually strike the net attached to the goal structure indicating that it has passed over the goal line as described above. Occasionally, however, situations occur where it is difficult for officials to tell if the ball completely crossed the goal line before a rebound, save, or clearance from the goal area. Additionally, even if the ball crosses the goal line as required, a goal may be disallowed if the attacking team commits an infringement of the Laws of the Game, such as the offside offence or a foul.
As with all other decisions on the Laws of the Game, the referee is the final authority as to whether a goal is scored. The match referee is advised by assistant referees, whose view across the pitch from the sidelines may in some cases be more useful in determining whether the ball crossed the goal line or whether the attacking team committed an infringement.
Goals incorrectly awarded or disallowed due to mistakes in determining if the ball crossed the line are referred to as ghost goals. The goal net was one of the earliest tools employed to aid match officials in determining whether a goal was scored. Introduced in the 1890s, the goal net provides a simple way to help determine whether the ball passed on the correct side of the goal posts and crossbar. Although not mandated by the Laws of the Game, goal nets are now ubiquitous across most levels of organised football. Since 2012, goal-line technology has been used at the highest levels of professional football; it employs a system of cameras and/or sensors to provide the referee with a discreet signal when the ball has crossed the goal line. The video assistant referee was added in 2018 after years of trials; this is an additional assistant referee who constantly monitors video footage of the match and is empowered to advise the referee if he/she makes "clear and obvious errors" in matters, including in the awarding of goals.
Attribution of goals
The Laws make no mention of attributing goals to individual players. Nevertheless, goals are almost always attributed to individuals, that player being the one who provided the final action causing the goal to be scored. Generally, this is the last player to touch the ball, notwithstanding inconsequential deflections such as failed attempts at a save. Should a player cause a goal to be scored against their own team, the goal is recorded as an own goal.
The authority on attributing goals varies between competitions. The Premier League in England has a dedicated Dubious Goals Committee for resolving attribution disputes.
For an individual player, scoring multiple goals in a game is considered a notable achievement. In association football, a hat-trick refers to the uncommon feat of scoring three goals in a single game. Awards exist for individual players who score the most goals in some competitions, such awards are often called the "Golden Boot".
Goal celebrations
Players will typically celebrate scoring a goal with team mates, occasionally putting on elaborate displays for the crowd. The Laws allow this, but mandate that celebration must not be "excessive".
Quantity of goals
On average, only a few scores occur per game in association football.
An analysis of several years' results from several English leagues found that 1–0 was the most common result, occurring in approximately 20% of games.
History
Before 1863
In English traditional football, the object of the game was typically to convey a ball into a specified area, or to touch a specific object (the area or object often being called the "goal") defended by the opposing team. This feat might itself be called a "goal"; alternative names such as "inn" were also in use. The game might be decided by a fixed number of goals (e.g. first goal scored wins or best of three) or be played for a fixed period of time.
In the more formalised football games of English public schools and universities, the object was typically to kick the ball between goal-posts guarded by the opposition. This might be required to be above a crossbar (as in the game of football played at Rugby School), below a bar or other object (as in the Sheffield Rules of 1862) or at any height (as at Shrewsbury School).
The 1863 FA Rules
The size and type of goals were among the first questions decided by the Football Association (FA). At its second meeting, on 10 November 1863, the FA agreed on the following three resolutions:
The goals should be defined by two upright posts without any tape or bar across them.
That a goal should be scored whenever the ball was kicked between the goalposts or over the space between them.
That the goal-posts be 8 yards apart.
The next meeting, on 17 November, added the further condition that a goal could not be scored when the ball was "thrown, knocked or carried" between the posts.
These points were reflected in the first draft of the Laws of the Game created by FA secretary E. C. Morley. Morley's proposal met with objections expressed in correspondence from J. C. Thring of Uppingham School, and also from William Chesterman of Sheffield F. C., principally on the grounds that it would be difficult to judge whether a ball that went above the height of the posts should count as a goal; Thring correctly predicted that a crossbar "w[ould] be adopted in the end". Nevertheless, this feature of the game was preserved in the Association's first published set of laws, which read:
Subsequent developments
Introduction of tape / crossbar
At the first revision of the FA rules, in 1866, a tape was introduced between the posts at a height of 8 feet, with a goal counting only if the ball went below this tape. According to a contemporary newspaper report of the meeting:
In 1875, after a proposal by Queen's Park FC, the laws allowed the option of using either a crossbar or tape. At the International Football Conference of December 1882, it was decided to require a crossbar; this change was introduced into the Football Association's laws in 1883.
The dimensions of the goal (8 yards wide and 8 feet high) have remained unchanged since 1866.
Use of hands to score a goal
The original FA laws of 1863 disallowed a goal when the ball was "thrown, knocked on, or carried", even if the handling was otherwise legal. In 1882, a change in the laws, introduced by Nicholas Lane Jackson of Finchley FC and Morton Betts of Old Harrovians FC, made it possible to score an own goal by use of the hands.
In 1962, a change introduced by the Scottish Football Association permitted a goal-keeper to score a goal by throwing the ball into the opposing goal from his own penalty area. This innovation was heavily criticised in some quarters. In 1974, a further change to the laws allowed a goal to be scored when the ball was handled unintentionally by an attacker. In 2019 both of these changes were reversed:
it was specified that a goalkeeper cannot score against the opposing team by throwing the ball directly into goal from his/her own penalty area. Should the ball go into the opponents' net in these circumstances, a goal-kick is awarded to the defending team.
it was made a handball offence for a player to "score in the opponents’ goal directly from their hand/arm, even if accidental, including by the goalkeeper"
Goal awarded for handball by opposition
The original laws of the game, in 1863, specified no punishments for infringements of the rules. In 1872, the indirect free kick was introduced as a punishment for handball. This indirect free-kick was thought to be an inadequate remedy for a handball which prevented an otherwise-certain goal. From a meeting of the Sheffield Football Association in February 1879, we have the following report: After a "long and noisy discussion", the change was rejected.
At the 1881 meeting of the Football Association, a similar proposal was introduced by J. Arnall and J. B. Clayton of the Birmingham Football Association, but it was likewise rejected. Such a law was finally approved the next year, to become part of the FA's laws for the 1882-83 season:
This goal, which was similar to today's penalty try in rugby, survived as part of the game for only one season. At the International Football Conference of December 1882, it was decided to remove this law from the 1883-84 season. One commentator wrote that the rule "was the means of causing the referee a very awkward point to decide at times, and we all know the duties of the referee are heavy enough without this; and, further, the penalty, in my opinion, is too great [...] A free kick [...] is quite sufficient".
Goal scored from set-piece
The laws have at various times restricted the ability to score from a set piece situation (such as a free kick or corner-kick). If the ball goes into the goal directly from such a restart but the laws do not permit the awarding of a goal, depending on which team performed the set piece a goal kick or corner kick is awarded.
Summary
See also
Determining the Outcome of a Match (association football)
Notes
References
Scoring (association football)
Association football terminology
Laws of association football |
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Arlene Alda ( Weiss; born March 12, 1933) is an American musician, photographer and writer. She began her career playing clarinet professionally, then moved on to photography and writing children's books. She is married to actor Alan Alda.
Early life
Alda was born Arlene Weiss in the Bronx, New York City to Jewish parents. She attended Evander Childs High School and Hunter College, graduating in January 1954 as a music major, Phi Beta Kappa, Cum Laude. She became a member of the National Orchestra, a training orchestra, conducted by Leon Barzin. She studied clarinet with Abraham Goldstein and Leon Russianoff, becoming a member of the Houston Symphony Orchestra, playing assistant first clarinet and bass clarinet under the baton of Leopold Stokowski.
Weiss played first clarinet in the Ridgefield Orchestra. She pursued an early interest in photography by studying with Mort Shapiro and Lou Bernstein, ultimately changing careers and becoming a photographer and writer. As a photographer, Alda had several one-person shows, including those in Nikon House in New York City and the Mark Humphrey Gallery in Southampton, New York. As a freelance photographer, her photographs have appeared in The Saturday Evening Post, Vogue, People Magazine, Life Magazine, and Today'''s Health Magazine, for which she received a Chicago Graphics Communications Award for her photo essay, "Allison's Tonsillectomy".
Literary works
Alda is the author of 15 children's books, including the best seller, Sheep, Sheep Sheep, Help Me Fall Asleep (Doubleday Books for Young Readers, 1992), Arlene Alda's 1,2,3 (Tricycle Press 1998), which won an American Library Notable citation, The Book of ZZZs (Tundra 2005), Did You Say Pears? (Tundra 2006) and Except the Color Grey (Tundra 2011). She also wrote the popular Hurry Granny Annie (Published by Tricycle Press in 1999) as well as Hold the Bus (Published by Troll Press in 1996), Iris Has a Virus (2008) and Lulu's Piano Lesson (2010). For much, but not all, of her career as an author, she has provided her own photography as illustrations used in her children's books.
She is also represented in photo anthologies, Women of Vision, and Soho Gallery 2. Alda is the author of On Set (Fireside/Simon and Schuster 1981) illustrated with over one hundred of her photographs and The Last Days of Mash (Unicorn, 1983) with photos by Alda and co-written with her husband, Alan Alda. Her most recent book, Just Kids from the Bronx'' (Henry Holt and Co. March 2015.) an Oral History of 64 interviews with prominent Bronxites. The story tellers include Al Pacino, Regis Philbin, Colin Powell, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Mary Higgins Clark, Avery Corman, Chazz Palminteri, TATS CRU Graffiti Artists, Grandmaster Melle Mel, and the others, from age 93 to age 23.
Personal life
Arlene is married to actor Alan Alda. They wed on March 15, 1957, and they have three daughters, Eve (b. 1958), Elizabeth (b. 1960), and Beatrice (b. 1961), as well as eight grandchildren.
Awards and honors
Alda was honored as The New Jewish Home's Eight Over Eighty Gala 2015 honoree.
References
External links
Arlene Alda at Macmillan
Just Kids From the Bronx
Living people
Writers from the Bronx
American children's writers
American clarinetists
Women clarinetists
Musicians from New York City
Hunter College alumni
1933 births
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century American musicians
20th-century women musicians
20th-century American photographers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American photographers
21st-century American writers
21st-century American women writers
Photographers from New York City
American women children's writers
Jewish American musicians
Jewish women musicians
Jewish women writers
Jewish American writers
20th-century American women photographers
21st-century American women photographers
21st-century American Jews
Fulbright alumni |
```java
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.flowable.engine.test.el.function;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.flowable.engine.impl.test.PluggableFlowableTestCase;
import org.flowable.engine.runtime.ProcessInstance;
import org.flowable.engine.test.Deployment;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
/**
* Note that the function expressions also are tested in the cmmn module (VariableFunctionDelegatesTest),
* as such this test will not test the detailed behavior, but simply that it works in BPMN context.
*
* @author Joram Barrez
*/
public class VariableExpressionFunctionsTest extends PluggableFlowableTestCase{
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariable() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "go to A")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableOrDefault() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A"); // Default is 123
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 1)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 999)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableContains() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", Arrays.asList(2, 3, 4))
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4))
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableContainsAny() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", Arrays.asList(3, 4))
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", Arrays.asList(2, 3, 4))
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4))
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableEquals() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 12)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 123)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableNotEquals() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "hello")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "test")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableExists() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "hello")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableIsEmpty() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "abc")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableIsNotEmpty() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "abc")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableLowerThan() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 1)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 10)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 11)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableLowerThanOrEqual() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 1)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 10)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 11)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableGreaterThan() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 1)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 10)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 11)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testGetVariableGreaterThanOrEqual() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 1)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 10)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", 11)
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testVariableBase64() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "test")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", "hello")
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
@Test
@Deployment
public void testVariableBase64Binary() {
ProcessInstance processInstance = runtimeService.startProcessInstanceByKey("testExpressionFunction");
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", Base64.decodeBase64("SGFsbG8sIGhhbGxvIC0gVGVzdCBXUk9ORyE="))
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("B");
processInstance = runtimeService.createProcessInstanceBuilder()
.processDefinitionKey("testExpressionFunction")
.variable("myVar", Base64.decodeBase64("SGFsbG8sIGhhbGxvIC0gVGVzdA=="))
.start();
assertThat(taskService.createTaskQuery().processInstanceId(processInstance.getId()).singleResult().getName()).isEqualTo("A");
}
}
``` |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
// Code generated by client-gen. DO NOT EDIT.
package fake
import (
"context"
json "encoding/json"
"fmt"
v1beta2 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1beta2"
v1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
labels "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
types "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
watch "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/watch"
appsv1beta2 "k8s.io/client-go/applyconfigurations/apps/v1beta2"
testing "k8s.io/client-go/testing"
)
// FakeReplicaSets implements ReplicaSetInterface
type FakeReplicaSets struct {
Fake *FakeAppsV1beta2
ns string
}
var replicasetsResource = v1beta2.SchemeGroupVersion.WithResource("replicasets")
var replicasetsKind = v1beta2.SchemeGroupVersion.WithKind("ReplicaSet")
// Get takes name of the replicaSet, and returns the corresponding replicaSet object, and an error if there is any.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) Get(ctx context.Context, name string, options v1.GetOptions) (result *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, err error) {
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewGetAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, name), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
return obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSet), err
}
// List takes label and field selectors, and returns the list of ReplicaSets that match those selectors.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) List(ctx context.Context, opts v1.ListOptions) (result *v1beta2.ReplicaSetList, err error) {
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewListAction(replicasetsResource, replicasetsKind, c.ns, opts), &v1beta2.ReplicaSetList{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
label, _, _ := testing.ExtractFromListOptions(opts)
if label == nil {
label = labels.Everything()
}
list := &v1beta2.ReplicaSetList{ListMeta: obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSetList).ListMeta}
for _, item := range obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSetList).Items {
if label.Matches(labels.Set(item.Labels)) {
list.Items = append(list.Items, item)
}
}
return list, err
}
// Watch returns a watch.Interface that watches the requested replicaSets.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) Watch(ctx context.Context, opts v1.ListOptions) (watch.Interface, error) {
return c.Fake.
InvokesWatch(testing.NewWatchAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, opts))
}
// Create takes the representation of a replicaSet and creates it. Returns the server's representation of the replicaSet, and an error, if there is any.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) Create(ctx context.Context, replicaSet *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, opts v1.CreateOptions) (result *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, err error) {
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewCreateAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, replicaSet), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
return obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSet), err
}
// Update takes the representation of a replicaSet and updates it. Returns the server's representation of the replicaSet, and an error, if there is any.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) Update(ctx context.Context, replicaSet *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, opts v1.UpdateOptions) (result *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, err error) {
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewUpdateAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, replicaSet), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
return obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSet), err
}
// UpdateStatus was generated because the type contains a Status member.
// Add a +genclient:noStatus comment above the type to avoid generating UpdateStatus().
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) UpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, replicaSet *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, opts v1.UpdateOptions) (*v1beta2.ReplicaSet, error) {
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewUpdateSubresourceAction(replicasetsResource, "status", c.ns, replicaSet), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
return obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSet), err
}
// Delete takes name of the replicaSet and deletes it. Returns an error if one occurs.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) Delete(ctx context.Context, name string, opts v1.DeleteOptions) error {
_, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewDeleteActionWithOptions(replicasetsResource, c.ns, name, opts), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
return err
}
// DeleteCollection deletes a collection of objects.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) DeleteCollection(ctx context.Context, opts v1.DeleteOptions, listOpts v1.ListOptions) error {
action := testing.NewDeleteCollectionAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, listOpts)
_, err := c.Fake.Invokes(action, &v1beta2.ReplicaSetList{})
return err
}
// Patch applies the patch and returns the patched replicaSet.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) Patch(ctx context.Context, name string, pt types.PatchType, data []byte, opts v1.PatchOptions, subresources ...string) (result *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, err error) {
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewPatchSubresourceAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, name, pt, data, subresources...), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
return obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSet), err
}
// Apply takes the given apply declarative configuration, applies it and returns the applied replicaSet.
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) Apply(ctx context.Context, replicaSet *appsv1beta2.ReplicaSetApplyConfiguration, opts v1.ApplyOptions) (result *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, err error) {
if replicaSet == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("replicaSet provided to Apply must not be nil")
}
data, err := json.Marshal(replicaSet)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
name := replicaSet.Name
if name == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("replicaSet.Name must be provided to Apply")
}
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewPatchSubresourceAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, *name, types.ApplyPatchType, data), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
return obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSet), err
}
// ApplyStatus was generated because the type contains a Status member.
// Add a +genclient:noStatus comment above the type to avoid generating ApplyStatus().
func (c *FakeReplicaSets) ApplyStatus(ctx context.Context, replicaSet *appsv1beta2.ReplicaSetApplyConfiguration, opts v1.ApplyOptions) (result *v1beta2.ReplicaSet, err error) {
if replicaSet == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("replicaSet provided to Apply must not be nil")
}
data, err := json.Marshal(replicaSet)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
name := replicaSet.Name
if name == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("replicaSet.Name must be provided to Apply")
}
obj, err := c.Fake.
Invokes(testing.NewPatchSubresourceAction(replicasetsResource, c.ns, *name, types.ApplyPatchType, data, "status"), &v1beta2.ReplicaSet{})
if obj == nil {
return nil, err
}
return obj.(*v1beta2.ReplicaSet), err
}
``` |
In mathematics, the E-function was introduced by to extend the generalized hypergeometric series pFq(·) to the case p > q + 1. The underlying objective was to define a very general function that includes as particular cases the majority of the special functions known until then. However, this function had no great impact on the literature as it can always be expressed in terms of the Meijer G-function, while the opposite is not true, so that the G-function is of a still more general nature. It is defined as:
Definition
There are several ways to define the MacRobert E-function; the following definition is in terms of the generalized hypergeometric function:
when p ≤ q and x ≠ 0, or p = q + 1 and |x| > 1:
when p ≥ q + 2, or p = q + 1 and |x| < 1:
The asterisks here remind us to ignore the contribution with index j = h as follows: In the product this amounts to replacing Γ(0) with 1, and in the argument of the hypergeometric function this amounts to shortening the vector length from p to p − 1. Evidently, this definition covers all values of p and q.
Relationship with the Meijer G-function
The MacRobert E-function can always be expressed in terms of the Meijer G-function:
where the parameter values are unrestricted, i.e. this relation holds without exception.
References
(see § 5.2, "Definition of the E-Function", p. 203)
External links
Hypergeometric functions |
, also known as CLAMP Campus Detectives, is a manga series by Clamp, which was adapted into a 26-episode anime series, produced by Bandai Visual and Studio Pierrot. The manga series was serialized in Kadokawa Shoten's Monthly Asuka manga magazine between January 1992 and October 1993, spanning three tankōbon, while the anime premiered in Japan on TV Tokyo between May 3, 1997 and October 25, 1997.
An early work of the all-female manga artist group Clamp, the series outlines the adventures of the Elementary School Student Board in their attempt to better the lives of the female population of Clamp School.
Tokyopop have released the manga in English across North America in three volumes. Now it's currently available on Kindle through Viz Media. Bandai Entertainment released the anime as one of their initial titles. It is now licensed by Maiden Japan. The anime series has been translated and dubbed into English by the anime television network, Animax, who have broadcast the series across its respective English-language networks in Southeast Asia and India.
Plot
The Clamp School Detectives is a series of episodic cases.
Characters
Main characters
A 6th grade student and the elementary school board chairman. The youngest son of the Imonoyama zaibatsu, the founders of Clamp School, he has inherited the family fondness of doing absurd things just for the sake of doing them. Nokoru has one of the top IQs in a school full of geniuses and NASA has been vying for the mind of the elementary schooler. He also has the unique ability to detect a lady in distress from two kilometers away. He is also infamous for being a flirt. For this reason, he established the Clamp School Detective Agency, although this was also an incentive to get out of his chairman duties. He is also the only one out of the three young detectives that doesn't play a sport. Nokoru also appears in Clamp's Duklyon: Clamp School Defenders, Man of Many Faces, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle and X/1999.
A 5th grader and the elementary school board secretary. Suoh is a martial arts expert, with a 3rd dan blackbelt in Karate, Judo, Aikido, and Kendo (he would have gone higher, but he ran out of competition), he's also good in kyūdō. He is also the descendant of a Japanese ninja clan, and has sworn to protect Nokoru through anything. Suoh first met Nokoru three years prior (him being in 2nd grade) to the story but at first he was avoiding Nokoru. S is also responsible for making sure the chairman does all of his paperwork on time. Suoh is in love with Nagisa. Suoh also appears in Clamp School Paranormal Investigators, Man of Many Faces, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle and X/1999.
A 4th grader and the elementary school board treasurer. Akira is a first-class chef, a trait he inherited from his father. He lives with his two mothers and has also inherited his father's legacy as the notorious thief 20 Masks. Akira is in love with Utako. Akira also appears in Clamp's Man of Many Faces, Duklyon: Clamp School Defenders, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle and X/1999.
Supporting characters
A kindergarten student and friend of the president of the Kindergarten Student Division Council, she plays the flute very beautifully. At first, Suoh thought that she was a wisteria fairy and an illusion; after hearing Utako Ohkawa talk about her, however, he knew she was real. Her mother is a famous traditional Japanese dancer and her father is well known for playing for royalty. She has enough talent to surpass her parents. Suoh has a crush on her and vice versa.
A kindergarten student and president of the Kindergarten Student Division Council. At first, she thought that her friend, Nagisa, was being attacked by people who are jealous of her. Akira has a crush on her and vice versa. She believes they will get married someday. She has an older sister named Mako. She also appears in Clamp's Man of Many Faces and makes a cameo appearance in Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle.
Takeshi Shukaido
Takeshi is a high school freshman at the CLAMP School High School Division, part of homeroom Z. He practices kendo and won the championship his freshman year. He was asked to be one of the Duklyon Defenders after winning the championship along with Kentaro.
Takeshi has a more serious personality and is quick to anger over the mistakes and antics of Kentaro. He comes from a poor family and works in order to earn money. When asked, he is quick to deny having any relationship with Kentaro.
Media
Manga
Anime
An anime adaptation directed by Osamu Nabeshima and produced by the animation studio Pierrot aired in Japan on TV Tokyo for 26 episodes from May 3, 1997 to October 25, 1997. Bandai Visual released the series on 13 VHS and LD volumes and in a DVD box. The anime was licensed by Bandai Entertainment as one of their launching titles and released the anime on subtitled VHS under the AnimeVillage label. Bandai eventually re-released the series on DVD with an English dub produced by Coastal Studios. Maiden Japan has since relicensed the series; they re-released it on DVD on September 13, 2016.
References
External links
Clamp School Detectives at the Internet Movie Database
Pierrot's official Clamp School website
1992 manga
1997 anime television series debuts
Bandai Entertainment anime titles
Bandai Visual
Works by Clamp (manga artists)
Comedy anime and manga
Crossover anime and manga
Fictional detective agencies
Kadokawa Dwango franchises
Kadokawa Shoten manga
Maiden Japan
Pierrot (company)
Tokyopop titles
TV Tokyo original programming
Viz Media manga |
Macroptila nubecula is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1911. It is found in Costa Rica.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog
Lithosiini
Moths described in 1911
Arctiinae of South America |
Sir Anand Satyanand, (born 22 July 1944) is a former lawyer, judge and ombudsman who served as the 19th Governor-General of New Zealand from 2006 to 2011.
Satyanand was chair of the Commonwealth Foundation for two 2-year terms, ending in December 2016. He then chaired the Commonwealth Observation Group of the National Elections of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 2017. In 2018, the New Zealand Government appointed him to lead the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State care and in the care of Faith-based Institutions, which is scheduled to continue until 2023. In November 2019, at the conclusion of its build-up phase, he stepped down as chair. In August 2019 he was elected to be Chancellor of the University of Waikato for a 4-year term.
Early life and family
Anand Satyanand was born on 22 July 1944 and raised in Auckland to an Indo-Fijian family. His grandparents arrived in Fiji from India in 1911, and his grandfather worked as a government interpreter. His father, Mutyala Satyanand, was born in Sigatoka in 1913 and arrived in New Zealand in 1927 to attend high school and later university. His mother Tara Tillak was from Suva, and trained as a Karitane nurse in New Zealand. She married Mutyala Satyanand in 1940, after moving to New Zealand.
Satyanand attended Sacred Heart College in Auckland, and then undertook the medical intermediate course at the University of Otago in Dunedin. He was not successful in gaining entry to the medical school and later said "in reality I did not do well enough ... (but) ... Looking back over that year, I remembered that one of the things I had really enjoyed was the debating and forum meetings involving students." So instead he turned to law studies, working part-time as a law clerk in Auckland. He worked at Westfield Freezing Works to help fund his studies and developed a friendship with David Lange who also worked there at the same time. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Auckland in 1970. He worked as a lawyer for the next 12 years, some of that with the Crown Solicitor's firm and then as a Partner with the legal firm Shieff Angland. His legal work centred on criminal law and revenue law. He served on the Council of the Auckland District Law Society from 1979 until his appointment as a Judge of the District Court of New Zealand in 1982.
During the 1966 general election, Satyanand helped Clive Edwards (later Tongan Deputy Prime Minister) when he stood in Auckland Central for National. Later, in the 1975 general election, Satyanand and his wife helped David Lange in his first, unsuccessful attempt at election (for Labour, in the seat of Hobson).
In 1995 Satyanand was appointed an Ombudsman, and he served two 5-year terms. Between 2005 and his appointment as governor-general he chaired the Confidential Forum for Former In-Patients of Psychiatric Hospitals, reviewed the Banking Ombudsman scheme, and installed the Pecuniary Interests Register and Scheme for Members of Parliament.
Satyanand has been married to Susan Sharpe since 1970. She was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1947 and moved to New Zealand with her family in 1955. Susan and Anand have three adult children. Satyanand's daughter Anya is an advocate of gay marriage, being in a civil union with her partner Ange. In 2002, Satyanand and his wife were involved in a serious car accident in Dome Valley north of Warkworth, Northland, where an oncoming car crossed the centre line and crashed head-on into their car. Both were injured, and Satyanand suffered serious spinal injury; he broke his C2 and C3 vertebrae, and had to wear a halo traction to keep his head straight.
As well as English, Satyanand also speaks some Fijian, Telugu, Hindi patois, and Māori.
Governor-General of New Zealand
In 2006, Satyanand was appointed Governor-General by Queen Elizabeth II on the advice of the New Zealand government under Prime Minister Helen Clark. He succeeded Dame Silvia Cartwright as governor-general on 23 August 2006. His appointment was welcomed by every parliamentary party leader. He was the first governor-general of Indian descent and the first Roman Catholic governor-general.
Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester, Grand Prior of the Order of St John, received Satyanand as governor-general designate on 7 July 2006 and invested him as a Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.
In May 2007 changes were made to the Queen's Service Order. Under the previous Royal Warrant, the governor-general was ex-officio Principal Companion of the Order but was not a member of the Order. The Royal Warrant now provides for the appointment of the governor-general as a Companion of the Order in their own right.
The first bill to which Satyanand granted Royal Assent was the Coroners Bill.
Starting on New Year's Day 2009, Satyanand issued a "New Year's Message" intended to highlight "issues New Zealanders might consider as they looked to the future".
Satyanand was the first governor-general not to hold a knighthood before entering office (Colonel Thomas Gore Browne, Governor of New Zealand 1855–1861, was knighted in office). However, following the changes to the New Zealand honours system announced by Prime Minister John Key on 8 March 2009, the Queen approved Satyanand's redesignation from a Principal Companion in the New Zealand Order of Merit (PCNZM) to a Knight Grand Companion of that Order (GNZM) on 27 March 2009.
On assuming the role of governor-general, Satyanand received the style The Honourable for life; in 2010, he was advanced to the style of The Right Honourable. This style was accorded for life to all future governors-general, prime ministers, chief justices, and Speakers of Parliament.
Satyanand completed his term of office as governor-general on 23 August 2011.
Finances
The New Zealand Government pays for the costs associated with the Queen's representative, the governor-general, in their exercising of the powers of the Crown on behalf of the Queen, including travel, security, residences, offices, ceremonial occasions. In the 2010 Budget, the total cost of supporting the governor-general was $3,591,000 for Support Services and Maintenance of the residences, $1,710,000 for Depreciation Expenses on Government Houses, $1,279,000 Remuneration and Travel and an estimated $1,680,000 for Policy Advice and Co-ordination; a total of $7,610,000 and $11 million on capital investment in Government House, Wellington, principally used for its conservation, a total of over $18 million.
Fijian coup talks
On 30 November 2006, Satyanand hosted a meeting between the Prime Minister of Fiji, Laisenia Qarase, and Fiji's military commander, Commodore Frank Bainimarama, at Government House in Wellington in an attempt to resolve the escalating crisis in Fiji. Although he hosted the meeting, he did not take part in the discussions, which were chaired by New Zealand's then Foreign Minister, Winston Peters. This was the last serious effort by the international community to avert a military coup, which followed on 5 December.
Public transport in Auckland
At the opening of the new New Lynn Train Station on 25 September 2010, Satyanand stated heavy investment in motorways and the decline of public transport after trams were taken off the roads in the 1950s had led to severe congestion to the detriment of both individuals and the economy.
Paul Henry controversy
On 5 October 2010, TVNZ Breakfast show host Paul Henry questioned whether Satyanand was "even a New Zealander". He then repeated the question, saying of Satyanand's replacement, "Are you going to choose a New Zealander who looks and sounds like a New Zealander this time ... are we going to go for someone who is more like a New Zealander this time?" Henry attracted criticism from both sides of politics and New Zealand's race relations commissioner Joris de Bres. Henry later apologised, was suspended, and then resigned from TVNZ.
Subsequent roles
Since returning to private life, Satyanand and his wife have remained in Wellington. He was Chair of the Commonwealth Foundation for two 2-year terms, ending in December 2016. He then led the Commonwealth team in observing the National Elections of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. He maintains active interests in several organisations, including as President of the NZ Institute of International Affairs, as a member of Transparency International's Anti-Corruption Council and as Patron of New Zealand Rugby League and of Commonwealth Youth New Zealand. He is a Distinguished Fellow at the University of Auckland Law School, visiting on a monthly basis. Susan and Anand are both active members of the Rotary Club of Wellington; both have been made Paul Harris Fellows, and Satyanand received the Rotary International Award of Honour in 2011.
Styles and honours
His Honour Judge Anand Satyanand (1982 – 5 June 2005)
His Honour Judge Anand Satyanand, DCNZM (6 June 2005 – 4 June 2006)
His Honour Judge Anand Satyanand, PCNZM (5 June 2006 – 22 August 2006)
His Excellency The Honourable Anand Satyanand, PCNZM, Governor-General of New Zealand (23 August 2006 – 20 May 2007)
His Excellency The Honourable Anand Satyanand, PCNZM, QSO, Governor-General of New Zealand (21 May 2007 – 26 March 2009)
His Excellency The Honourable Sir Anand Satyanand, GNZM, QSO, Governor-General of New Zealand (27 March 2009 – 2 August 2010)
His Excellency The Right Honourable Sir Anand Satyanand, GNZM, QSO, Governor-General of New Zealand (3 August 2010 – 23 August 2011)
The Right Honourable Sir Anand Satyanand, GNZM, QSO (24 August 2011 – Present)
Coat of arms
References
Further reading
External links
Government House, Wellington biography
2006 Birthday Honours List at Government House, Wellington
1944 births
Living people
New Zealand people of Indo-Fijian descent
District Court of New Zealand judges
People educated at Sacred Heart College, Auckland
Governors-General of New Zealand
20th-century New Zealand judges
New Zealand Roman Catholics
Ombudsmen in New Zealand
University of Auckland alumni
Companions of the Queen's Service Order
Knights Grand Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
21st-century New Zealand politicians
Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman |
The Saolta University Health Care Group () is one of the hospital groups established by the Health Service Executive in Ireland.
History
The grouping of hospitals was announced by Ireland's then Minister for Health, Dr. James Reilly, T.D., in May 2013, as part of a restructure of Irish public hospitals and a goal of delivering better patient care. The Group was given responsibility for the following hospitals:
University Hospital Galway
Letterkenny University Hospital
Mayo University Hospital
Merlin Park University Hospital
Portiuncula University Hospital
Roscommon University Hospital
Sligo University Hospital
In 2014, the Group, which had initially been known as the West / North West Hospitals Group, became Saolta University Health Care Group.
In 2016 Bill Maher, Chief Executive of Saolta University Health Care Group, was the subject of an internal audit revealing potential conflict of interest at the time of his appointment leading to the award of contracts without tendering worth approximately €340,000 to Northgate, an organisation Maher held a consulting contract with at the same time. At the time he was also in receipt of top-up payments from St. Vincent's Healthcare Group, and an allowance for working in Galway.
Services
The Group is headed by a Chief Executive, who is accountable to the National Director for Acute Services in the Health Service Executive, and is responsibility for delivering inpatient care, emergency care, maternity services, outpatient care and diagnostic services at its designated hospitals. The Group’s designated cancer centre is University Hospital Galway with a satellite centre in Letterkenny University Hospital. The Group's academic partner is NUI Galway.
References
External links
Official site
Hospital networks in Ireland
Health Service Executive
Medical and health organisations based in the Republic of Ireland |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.hongxi.whatsmars.job.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public final class Foo implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 2706842871078949451L;
private final long id;
private final String location;
private Status status;
public Foo(final long id, final String location, final Status status) {
this.id = id;
this.location = location;
this.status = status;
}
public long getId() {
return id;
}
public String getLocation() {
return location;
}
public Status getStatus() {
return status;
}
public void setStatus(final Status status) {
this.status = status;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("id: %s, location: %s, status: %s", id, location, status);
}
public enum Status {
TODO,
COMPLETED
}
}
``` |
```go
// Code generated by "stringer -output func_string.go -type=BuiltinFunc"; DO NOT EDIT.
package asm
import "strconv"
func _() {
// An "invalid array index" compiler error signifies that the constant values have changed.
// Re-run the stringer command to generate them again.
var x [1]struct{}
_ = x[FnUnspec-0]
_ = x[FnMapLookupElem-1]
_ = x[FnMapUpdateElem-2]
_ = x[FnMapDeleteElem-3]
_ = x[FnProbeRead-4]
_ = x[FnKtimeGetNs-5]
_ = x[FnTracePrintk-6]
_ = x[FnGetPrandomU32-7]
_ = x[FnGetSmpProcessorId-8]
_ = x[FnSkbStoreBytes-9]
_ = x[FnL3CsumReplace-10]
_ = x[FnL4CsumReplace-11]
_ = x[FnTailCall-12]
_ = x[FnCloneRedirect-13]
_ = x[FnGetCurrentPidTgid-14]
_ = x[FnGetCurrentUidGid-15]
_ = x[FnGetCurrentComm-16]
_ = x[FnGetCgroupClassid-17]
_ = x[FnSkbVlanPush-18]
_ = x[FnSkbVlanPop-19]
_ = x[FnSkbGetTunnelKey-20]
_ = x[FnSkbSetTunnelKey-21]
_ = x[FnPerfEventRead-22]
_ = x[FnRedirect-23]
_ = x[FnGetRouteRealm-24]
_ = x[FnPerfEventOutput-25]
_ = x[FnSkbLoadBytes-26]
_ = x[FnGetStackid-27]
_ = x[FnCsumDiff-28]
_ = x[FnSkbGetTunnelOpt-29]
_ = x[FnSkbSetTunnelOpt-30]
_ = x[FnSkbChangeProto-31]
_ = x[FnSkbChangeType-32]
_ = x[FnSkbUnderCgroup-33]
_ = x[FnGetHashRecalc-34]
_ = x[FnGetCurrentTask-35]
_ = x[FnProbeWriteUser-36]
_ = x[FnCurrentTaskUnderCgroup-37]
_ = x[FnSkbChangeTail-38]
_ = x[FnSkbPullData-39]
_ = x[FnCsumUpdate-40]
_ = x[FnSetHashInvalid-41]
_ = x[FnGetNumaNodeId-42]
_ = x[FnSkbChangeHead-43]
_ = x[FnXdpAdjustHead-44]
_ = x[FnProbeReadStr-45]
_ = x[FnGetSocketCookie-46]
_ = x[FnGetSocketUid-47]
_ = x[FnSetHash-48]
_ = x[FnSetsockopt-49]
_ = x[FnSkbAdjustRoom-50]
_ = x[FnRedirectMap-51]
_ = x[FnSkRedirectMap-52]
_ = x[FnSockMapUpdate-53]
_ = x[FnXdpAdjustMeta-54]
_ = x[FnPerfEventReadValue-55]
_ = x[FnPerfProgReadValue-56]
_ = x[FnGetsockopt-57]
_ = x[FnOverrideReturn-58]
_ = x[FnSockOpsCbFlagsSet-59]
_ = x[FnMsgRedirectMap-60]
_ = x[FnMsgApplyBytes-61]
_ = x[FnMsgCorkBytes-62]
_ = x[FnMsgPullData-63]
_ = x[FnBind-64]
_ = x[FnXdpAdjustTail-65]
_ = x[FnSkbGetXfrmState-66]
_ = x[FnGetStack-67]
_ = x[FnSkbLoadBytesRelative-68]
_ = x[FnFibLookup-69]
_ = x[FnSockHashUpdate-70]
_ = x[FnMsgRedirectHash-71]
_ = x[FnSkRedirectHash-72]
_ = x[FnLwtPushEncap-73]
_ = x[FnLwtSeg6StoreBytes-74]
_ = x[FnLwtSeg6AdjustSrh-75]
_ = x[FnLwtSeg6Action-76]
_ = x[FnRcRepeat-77]
_ = x[FnRcKeydown-78]
_ = x[FnSkbCgroupId-79]
_ = x[FnGetCurrentCgroupId-80]
_ = x[FnGetLocalStorage-81]
_ = x[FnSkSelectReuseport-82]
_ = x[FnSkbAncestorCgroupId-83]
_ = x[FnSkLookupTcp-84]
_ = x[FnSkLookupUdp-85]
_ = x[FnSkRelease-86]
_ = x[FnMapPushElem-87]
_ = x[FnMapPopElem-88]
_ = x[FnMapPeekElem-89]
_ = x[FnMsgPushData-90]
_ = x[FnMsgPopData-91]
_ = x[FnRcPointerRel-92]
_ = x[FnSpinLock-93]
_ = x[FnSpinUnlock-94]
_ = x[FnSkFullsock-95]
_ = x[FnTcpSock-96]
_ = x[FnSkbEcnSetCe-97]
_ = x[FnGetListenerSock-98]
_ = x[FnSkcLookupTcp-99]
_ = x[FnTcpCheckSyncookie-100]
_ = x[FnSysctlGetName-101]
_ = x[FnSysctlGetCurrentValue-102]
_ = x[FnSysctlGetNewValue-103]
_ = x[FnSysctlSetNewValue-104]
_ = x[FnStrtol-105]
_ = x[FnStrtoul-106]
_ = x[FnSkStorageGet-107]
_ = x[FnSkStorageDelete-108]
_ = x[FnSendSignal-109]
_ = x[FnTcpGenSyncookie-110]
_ = x[FnSkbOutput-111]
_ = x[FnProbeReadUser-112]
_ = x[FnProbeReadKernel-113]
_ = x[FnProbeReadUserStr-114]
_ = x[FnProbeReadKernelStr-115]
_ = x[FnTcpSendAck-116]
_ = x[FnSendSignalThread-117]
_ = x[FnJiffies64-118]
_ = x[FnReadBranchRecords-119]
_ = x[FnGetNsCurrentPidTgid-120]
_ = x[FnXdpOutput-121]
_ = x[FnGetNetnsCookie-122]
_ = x[FnGetCurrentAncestorCgroupId-123]
_ = x[FnSkAssign-124]
_ = x[FnKtimeGetBootNs-125]
_ = x[FnSeqPrintf-126]
_ = x[FnSeqWrite-127]
_ = x[FnSkCgroupId-128]
_ = x[FnSkAncestorCgroupId-129]
_ = x[FnRingbufOutput-130]
_ = x[FnRingbufReserve-131]
_ = x[FnRingbufSubmit-132]
_ = x[FnRingbufDiscard-133]
_ = x[FnRingbufQuery-134]
_ = x[FnCsumLevel-135]
_ = x[FnSkcToTcp6Sock-136]
_ = x[FnSkcToTcpSock-137]
_ = x[FnSkcToTcpTimewaitSock-138]
_ = x[FnSkcToTcpRequestSock-139]
_ = x[FnSkcToUdp6Sock-140]
_ = x[FnGetTaskStack-141]
_ = x[FnLoadHdrOpt-142]
_ = x[FnStoreHdrOpt-143]
_ = x[FnReserveHdrOpt-144]
_ = x[FnInodeStorageGet-145]
_ = x[FnInodeStorageDelete-146]
_ = x[FnDPath-147]
_ = x[FnCopyFromUser-148]
_ = x[FnSnprintfBtf-149]
_ = x[FnSeqPrintfBtf-150]
_ = x[FnSkbCgroupClassid-151]
_ = x[FnRedirectNeigh-152]
_ = x[FnPerCpuPtr-153]
_ = x[FnThisCpuPtr-154]
_ = x[FnRedirectPeer-155]
_ = x[FnTaskStorageGet-156]
_ = x[FnTaskStorageDelete-157]
_ = x[FnGetCurrentTaskBtf-158]
_ = x[FnBprmOptsSet-159]
_ = x[FnKtimeGetCoarseNs-160]
_ = x[FnImaInodeHash-161]
_ = x[FnSockFromFile-162]
_ = x[FnCheckMtu-163]
_ = x[FnForEachMapElem-164]
_ = x[FnSnprintf-165]
_ = x[FnSysBpf-166]
_ = x[FnBtfFindByNameKind-167]
_ = x[FnSysClose-168]
_ = x[FnTimerInit-169]
_ = x[FnTimerSetCallback-170]
_ = x[FnTimerStart-171]
_ = x[FnTimerCancel-172]
_ = x[FnGetFuncIp-173]
_ = x[FnGetAttachCookie-174]
_ = x[FnTaskPtRegs-175]
_ = x[FnGetBranchSnapshot-176]
_ = x[FnTraceVprintk-177]
_ = x[FnSkcToUnixSock-178]
_ = x[FnKallsymsLookupName-179]
_ = x[FnFindVma-180]
_ = x[FnLoop-181]
_ = x[FnStrncmp-182]
_ = x[FnGetFuncArg-183]
_ = x[FnGetFuncRet-184]
_ = x[FnGetFuncArgCnt-185]
_ = x[FnGetRetval-186]
_ = x[FnSetRetval-187]
_ = x[FnXdpGetBuffLen-188]
_ = x[FnXdpLoadBytes-189]
_ = x[FnXdpStoreBytes-190]
_ = x[FnCopyFromUserTask-191]
_ = x[FnSkbSetTstamp-192]
_ = x[FnImaFileHash-193]
_ = x[FnKptrXchg-194]
_ = x[FnMapLookupPercpuElem-195]
_ = x[FnSkcToMptcpSock-196]
_ = x[FnDynptrFromMem-197]
_ = x[FnRingbufReserveDynptr-198]
_ = x[FnRingbufSubmitDynptr-199]
_ = x[FnRingbufDiscardDynptr-200]
_ = x[FnDynptrRead-201]
_ = x[FnDynptrWrite-202]
_ = x[FnDynptrData-203]
_ = x[FnTcpRawGenSyncookieIpv4-204]
_ = x[FnTcpRawGenSyncookieIpv6-205]
_ = x[FnTcpRawCheckSyncookieIpv4-206]
_ = x[FnTcpRawCheckSyncookieIpv6-207]
_ = x[FnKtimeGetTaiNs-208]
_ = x[FnUserRingbufDrain-209]
_ = x[FnCgrpStorageGet-210]
_ = x[FnCgrpStorageDelete-211]
_ = x[maxBuiltinFunc-212]
}
const _BuiltinFunc_name = your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashStorageGetFnCgrpStorageDeletemaxBuiltinFunc"
var _BuiltinFunc_index = [...]uint16{0, 8, 23, 38, 53, 64, 76, 89, 104, 123, 138, 153, 168, 178, 193, 212, 230, 246, 264, 277, 289, 306, 323, 338, 348, 363, 380, 394, 406, 416, 433, 450, 466, 481, 497, 512, 528, 544, 568, 583, 596, 608, 624, 639, 654, 669, 683, 700, 714, 723, 735, 750, 763, 778, 793, 808, 828, 847, 859, 875, 894, 910, 925, 939, 952, 958, 973, 990, 1000, 1022, 1033, 1049, 1066, 1082, 1096, 1115, 1133, 1148, 1158, 1169, 1182, 1202, 1219, 1238, 1259, 1272, 1285, 1296, 1309, 1321, 1334, 1347, 1359, 1373, 1383, 1395, 1407, 1416, 1429, 1446, 1460, 1479, 1494, 1517, 1536, 1555, 1563, 1572, 1586, 1603, 1615, 1632, 1643, 1658, 1675, 1693, 1713, 1725, 1743, 1754, 1773, 1794, 1805, 1821, 1849, 1859, 1875, 1886, 1896, 1908, 1928, 1943, 1959, 1974, 1990, 2004, 2015, 2030, 2044, 2066, 2087, 2102, 2116, 2128, 2141, 2156, 2173, 2193, 2200, 2214, 2227, 2241, 2259, 2274, 2285, 2297, 2311, 2327, 2346, 2365, 2378, 2396, 2410, 2424, 2434, 2450, 2460, 2468, 2487, 2497, 2508, 2526, 2538, 2551, 2562, 2579, 2591, 2610, 2624, 2639, 2659, 2668, 2674, 2683, 2695, 2707, 2722, 2733, 2744, 2759, 2773, 2788, 2806, 2820, 2833, 2843, 2864, 2880, 2895, 2917, 2938, 2960, 2972, 2985, 2997, 3021, 3045, 3071, 3097, 3112, 3130, 3146, 3165, 3179}
func (i BuiltinFunc) String() string {
if i < 0 || i >= BuiltinFunc(len(_BuiltinFunc_index)-1) {
return "BuiltinFunc(" + strconv.FormatInt(int64(i), 10) + ")"
}
return _BuiltinFunc_name[_BuiltinFunc_index[i]:_BuiltinFunc_index[i+1]]
}
``` |
```scss
.CollapsibleSection {
border-top: 1px solid var(--cds-border-subtle);
&.collapsed {
> :not(.sectionTitle) {
display: none;
}
}
.sectionTitle {
padding: 0.625rem 0;
text-transform: uppercase;
width: 100%;
background: transparent;
border: none;
text-align: left;
cursor: pointer;
.sectionToggle {
float: right;
transition: transform 0.1s;
&:not(.open) {
transform: rotate(-90deg);
}
}
}
}
``` |
```javascript
/* @flow */
declare var BAZ: {stuff?: (x: number) => void} | void;
``` |
Michel Tsiba (born 21 December 1997) is a Dutch pair skater. With his skating partner, Daria Danilova, he is the 2020 Dutch national champion and the 2020 NRW Trophy bronze medalist. They competed in the final segment at the 2020 European Championships and are the first Dutch pair to qualify for the World Championships.
Personal life
Tsiba was born on 21 December 1997 in Groningen to a Russian father and a Ukrainian mother. He has an older sister. Tsiba is fluent in Russian.
Career
Early career
Tsiba started competing at the age of seven. He originally wanted to compete in ice hockey, but was advised to learn to skate in the figure skating club first. As a child, Tsiba experienced bullying from his peers about being a figure skater, who referred to him as "a ballerina in a tutu" and often called him "gay" or other homophobic remarks. Due to the relative obscurity of figure skating in the Netherlands, he admitted to being jealous of popular speed skaters like Sven Kramer when he was young.
As a singles skater, Tsiba was coached by Viola Striegler and Susan Mason and is the 2014 Dutch junior national and 2018 Dutch national champion. He switched disciplines from men's singles to pair skating because he felt that he was too tall to succeed in learning quadruple jumps. Tsiba had a tryout in summer 2017 that ultimately did not work out. He officially retired from singles skating after winning his first senior national title in 2018.
Tsiba teamed up with Russian skater Daria Danilova for the Netherlands in May 2018. Earlier in the season, he had met one of her coaches at a seminar in Berlin and they arranged a tryout. At the start of their partnership, Danilova/Tsiba alternated training in Berlin and Moscow every three months due to the differences in their respective citizenships' visa requirements. The pair fund over half of their training costs out of pocket via Tsiba's student finances.
2018–2019 season
Danilova/Tsiba won their debut international competition, the 2018 Golden Spin of Zagreb on the junior level. They then placed tenth at the 2019 Bavarian Open. In February, Danilova/Tsiba won the 2019 Dutch junior national title unopposed. However, they missed achieving the minimum TES requirements for the 2019 World Junior Championships.
2019–2020 season
Danilova/Tsiba competed at three Challenger Series events to open the season, finishing tenth at 2019 CS Finlandia Trophy, 17th at 2019 CS Warsaw Cup, and 15th at 2019 CS Golden Spin of Zagreb.
At the 2020 European Championships in January, Danilova/Tsiba became the first Dutch pair in 24 years to compete at a European Championships since Jeltje Schulten / Alcuin Schulten last represented the country at the event in 1996. They qualified to the final segment and finished 16th overall. In February, they finished eighth at the Bavarian Open and tenth at the Challenge Cup; the latter event doubled as the Dutch Championships where, as the only Dutch pair, Danilova/Tsiba won their first senior national title.
At the Challenge Cup, Danilova/Tsiba earned the necessary TES minimums for the 2020 World Championships. They are the first Dutch pair in history to qualify for the World Championships. The event was eventually cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2020–2021 season
During the offseason, Tsiba underwent surgery to repair a torn meniscus. However, the pair did not start training together again until the end of August due to issues with Danilova's Dutch visa. Danilova/Tsiba made their season debut at the 2020 NRW Autumn Trophy in November and won their first senior international medal, bronze behind Germans Annika Hocke / Robert Kunkel and Minerva Fabienne Hase / Nolan Seegert. Making their debut at the World Championships in Stockholm, they placed twenty-second.
2021–2022 season
Beginning the season at the 2021 Lombardia Trophy, Danilova/Tsiba placed eighth. They competed at the 2021 CS Nebelhorn Trophy, placing ninth and failing to qualify a place at the 2022 Winter Olympics. Their third Challenger event, the 2021 CS Warsaw Cup, Danilova/Tsiba were fifteenth. They finished twenty-first at the 2022 European Championships, missing the free skate.
Danilova/Tsiba concluded the season at the 2022 World Championships, where they finished a career-best ninth in a field depleted due to Russia being banned as a result of their invasion of Ukraine and the Chinese Skating Association opted not to send athletes to compete in Montpellier.
2022–2023 season
Danilova/Tsiba decided that the Russian invasion of Ukraine would not affect their training in Russia, opting to spend about half their time in Sochi, Russia, and half in Heerenveen, Netherlands. On training in Russia, they commented: "We don't notice the war here. It's shockingly quiet." They were unable to compete at the 2022 Skate America because Danilova's visa application was declined.
Danilova/Tsiba began their season with a sixth-place finish at the 2022 CS Finlandia Trophy. They finished sixth as well at the 2022 NHK Trophy, their Grand Prix debut, and then fifth at the 2022 Grand Prix of Espoo. Nika Osipova / Dmitry Epstein won the Netherlands' only pair skating berth at the 2023 European Championships. Domestic rivals Osipova/Epstein won the Netherlands' only pair skating berth at the 2023 European Championships. However, due to Danilova/Tsiba's ninth-place finish at the prior year's World Championships, both teams were able to attend the 2023 edition in Saitama. Both Dutch teams qualified for the free skate segment, a first in the history of the event, with Danilova/Tsiba finishing thirteenth, the higher-ranked of the two.
2023–2024 season
Beginning the season at the 2023 CS Lombardia Trophy, Danilova/Tsiba came sixth. On the Grand Prix, they were seventh at the 2023 Skate Canada International.
Programs
With Danilova
Men's singles
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
Pairs with Danilova
Men's singles
Detailed results
Current personal best scores are highlighted in bold.
Senior results
With Danilova
Junior results
References
External links
Official website
1997 births
Living people
Dutch male pair skaters
Dutch male single skaters
Dutch people of Russian descent
Dutch people of Ukrainian descent
Competitors at the 2017 Winter Universiade |
Stimmen der Zeit ("Voices of the times") is a monthly German magazine published since 1865 by Herder publishers. Its subtitle is Zeitschrift für christliche Kultur, and it publishes articles on Christian culture in the broad sense of the word. It is considered one of the most authoritative German journals in its field.
History
The journal was founded as a Jesuit publication by Gerhard Schneemann and Florian Rieß in the Maria Laach Abbey, a Jesuit abbey in the Eifel, under the name Voices of Maria Laach. Its initial publications were concerned with the Syllabus of Errors. In 1871, after somewhat irregularly publishing single-issue themes, the publishers changed the magazine to a monthly format, whose goal was to reconcile Catholic faith with modern times.
When during Bismarck's Kulturkampf the Maria Laach Abbey was closed, the magazine moved abroad, and after exile in Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands, the publishers returned to Germany in 1914. The magazine was renamed Stimmen der Zeit and published from Munich. During the Nazi era the magazine (illegally) published the encyclical Mit brennender Sorge. It was shut down for four months and in April 1941 closed altogether; one of its editors, Alfred Delp, was executed in 1945 in connection with the 20 July plot.
Editors
The following people were editors of the magazin:
Georg Michael Pachtler (1871)
Rudolf Cornely (1872-1879)
Gerhard Schneemann (1879–1885)
(...)
Anton Koch (1946–1952)
Ivo A. Zeiger (1952)
Oskar Simmel (1952–1966)
Wolfgang Seibel (1966–1998)
Martin Maier (1998–2009)
Andreas Batlogg (2009–2017)
Stefan Kiechle (2018–)
References
Bibliography
Entry for Joseph Florian Rieß in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
"Die Schriftleitung: Zum Geleit." In: StZ 139 (1946/47) 1–3
Anton Koch: "Die Stimmen der Zeit im Dritten Reich." In: StZ 196 (1978) 855–857
Karl H. Neufeld: "Die Stimmen der Zeit nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Zu einer neuen Dissertation." In: StZ 197 (1979) 278–281
Ellen Dietrich: "Zur katholischen Publizistik im Nationalsozialismus: Die Stimmen der Zeit." München 1984.
Klaus Schatz: "Stimmen der Zeit" im Kirchenkonflikt. Eine innerjesuitische Auseinandersetzung vor 80 Jahren." In: StZ 224 (2006) 147–161.
o. V. "Stimmen aus Maria Laach--Stimmen der Zeit." In: StZ 175 (1965) 401-415.
External links
Magazine website
German-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in Germany
Magazines established in 1865
Magazines published in Munich
Catholic magazines
Cultural magazines |
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960.
Background
In the 1957 elections in Kerala, the Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. But in 1959, the Central Government dismissed the democratically elected government through the controversial Article 356 of the Indian Constitution following "The Liberation Struggle", even though the elected communist government was enjoying majority support within the legislature. After a short period of the President's rule, fresh elections were called in 1960.
Constituencies
There were 114 legislative assembly constituencies in the Kerala Legislative Assembly, 1957. Out of these 102 were single-member constituencies while the number of double-member constituencies was 12. One constituency was reserved for Schedule Caste. There were 64,77,665 electors in single-member constituencies, while in double-member constituencies there were 15,63,333 electors. Total 312 candidates contested for the 126 seats of the 114 constituencies in the Assembly. Poll percentage was 85.72%, an increase of 20.23% from 65.49% in 1957 assembly elections.
Political parties
Four national parties, Communist Party of India, Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party and Bharatiya Jana Sangha along with the state party Muslim League took part in the assembly election. In these elections, the Indian National Congress, Praja Socialist Party, and Indian Union Muslim League formed a pre-poll alliance to counter the Communist Party of India. Together they fielded 125 candidates and supported an independent candidate, while the Communist Party of India fielded 108 candidates and gave party support to 16 independents.
Results
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;"
! class="unsortable" |
! Political Party !! Flag !! Seats Contested !! Won !! Net Change in seats !! % of Seats
! Votes !! Vote % !! Change in vote % !! Vote % in contested seats
|-
|
| style="text-align:left;" |Bharatiya Jana Sangh
|
| 3 || 0 || New || 0 || 5,277 || 0.07 || New || 3.28
|-
|
| style="text-align:left;" |Communist Party of India
|
| 108 || 29 || 31 || 23.02 || 3,171,732 || 39.14 || 3.86 || 43.79
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
|
| style="text-align:left;" |Indian National Congress
|
| 80 || 63 || 20 || 50.00 || 2,789,556 || 34.42 || 3.43 || 45.37
|- style="background: #90EE90;"
|
| style="text-align:left;" |Praja Socialist Party
|
| 33 || 20 || 11 || 15.87 || 1,146,028 || 14.14 || 3.38 || 38.41
|-
|
|
| 12 || 11 || New || 8.73 || 401,925 || 4.96 || New || 47.79
|-
|
|
| 61 || 5 || 11 || 4.17 || 488,699 || 5.93 || -5.61 || 13.96
|- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan = 3|
! style="text-align:center;" |Total Seats !! 126 ( 0) !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 9,604,331 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! colspan = 3|8,232,572 (85.72%)
|}
By constituency
Government formation
Congress and Praja Socialist Party alliance got the majority in the election and hence formed the government. Pattom A. Thanu Pillai of the Praja Socialist Party became the chief minister and R. Sankar of the Indian National Congress became the deputy chief minister on 22 February 1960, with eleven council ministers.
Pattam A. Thanu Pillai resigned on 26 September 1962 after he was appointed as the Governor of Punjab and R. Sankar became the first Congress Chief Minister of Kerala.
See also
The Liberation Struggle
President's rule
1960 elections in India
Pattom Thanupillai Ministry
R. Sankar Ministry
1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
References
1960
1960
Kerala |
Tom Clements (born 1951) is an American environmental activist and politician from South Carolina. Clements was the Green Party's nominee in the 2010 United States Senate election in South Carolina. Clements received more than 9% of the general election. He is the Southeastern Nuclear Campaign Coordinator for the US branch of Friends of the Earth in Columbia, South Carolina. Clements worked as the campaign manager for Democratic Congressman Doug Barnard, Jr. in the 1980s and as well as a long environmental activist with Greenpeace and the Nuclear Control Institute.
Activism
Clements worked as a policy analyst in the United States Forest Service and as an inspector in the Office of Surface Mining for the U.S. Department of the Interior. Clements worked the executive director of the Nuclear Control Institute, a research and advocacy center for preventing nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism. He joined NCI in February 1999 and is responsible for the organization's day-to-day operations. Prior to joining NCI, Clements was a senior nuclear campaigner with Greenpeace. He is considered a nuclear and plutonium expert by the New York Times. He is also the Southeastern Nuclear Campaign Coordinator for the US branch of Friends of the Earth in Columbia, South Carolina. Friends of the Earth is the considered the public interest watchdog over the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site nuclear complex. In the 1970’s, Clements founded Athenians for Clean Energy in Athens, Georgia. ACE was an early environmental movement working to eliminate toxic waste disposal and coal burning by the University of Georgia. Their focus was to educate the Athens, Georgia community about emerging environmental issues.
2010 Senatorial campaign
Clements, who had no previous experience with the Green Party, was approached by party leadership in January 2010 and asked to run for the United States Senate later that year. He won the Green Party's nomination for Senate in May and by June had raised 15,000 dollars towards his Senate campaign. Though not included in the Rasmussen poll data released in that same month, he claimed that the 9% of those polled supporting "other" was for his campaign. He ran against incumbent Republican Jim DeMint and military veteran and Democrat Alvin Greene as well as several write-in candidates.
Clements raised more than $45,000 by mid-October. Incumbent Jim DeMint reported more than $3 million raised to date. Democrat Alvin Greene reported no fundraising activities. Clements campaigned around the state from June through November 1, appearing at NAACP forums, stump meetings, editorial conferences and other public events. The campaign financed TV and radio advertisements to run in the Columbia, Charleston and Pee Dee regions during the two weeks prior to the election.
A Winthrop University poll conducted between October 5 and 10 with 741 likely South Carolina voters found Clements running second with 12.2% of the vote against 11.2% for Democrat Alvin Greene and 58.3% for incumbent Jim DeMint.
Political positions
Clements opposes the continuing practice of dumping nuclear waste in South Carolina. He opposes offshore drilling, with his website calling it "a potentially disastrous gamble that could destroy South Carolina’s coastline, along with her fishing and tourism industries". Clements supports the new START Treaty with Russia. His campaign also focused on conservation and job creation.
Senate candidacy endorsements
On July 6, 2010, the Greater Columbia Central Labor Council of the SC AFL-CIO gave Clements their endorsement. On September 9, The Nation'''s John Nichols suggested that Democrats embrace Clements as the most progressive choice and best option in the South Carolina Senate election over Greene and DeMint.
Clements for Senate was formally endorsed by the national Sierra Club, Friends of the Earth Action, and by the South Carolina Latino Political Action Committee.
In a first for a minor party candidate in South Carolina, Clements was endorsed for Senate by a daily paper, the Rock Hill Herald''.
Campaign result
Clements received 121,472 in the final tally, 9.22% of the total 1,318,794 votes cast. This is the best result for a candidate in South Carolina who was not a Democrat or Republican since Strom Thurmond won as a write-in candidate in 1954. Clements' result also exceeds the previous best result for a progressive statewide candidate; Ralph Nader received 20,297 votes for President from SC in 2000.
Personal and education
Clements was born in 1951 in Savannah, Georgia. He is an eighth generation Georgian. He served in the Peace Corps in Costa Rica and is fluent in Spanish. Clements has an MA degree in Forest Resources from the University of Georgia and a BA from Emory University.
See also
Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
Friends of the Earth
United States Senate election in South Carolina, 2010
References
External links
Clements For Senate
And in the Third Corner… Columbia City Paper, October 6, 2010
1951 births
Living people
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
21st-century American politicians
American anti–nuclear power activists
Politicians from Columbia, South Carolina
Politicians from Savannah, Georgia
South Carolina Greens
Emory University alumni
University of Georgia alumni |
```c
/* Compute the CDF of the Tukey-Lambda distribution
* using a braketing search with special checks
*
* The PPF of the Tukey-lambda distribution is
* G(p) = p**lam + (1-p)**lam / lam
*
* Author: Travis Oliphant
*/
#include "owl_maths.h"
#define SMALLVAL 1e-4
#define EPS 1.0e-14
#define MAXCOUNT 60
double tukeylambdacdf(double x, double lmbda)
{
double pmin, pmid, pmax, plow, phigh, xeval;
int count;
if (owl_isnan(x) || owl_isnan(lmbda)) {
return OWL_NAN;
}
xeval = 1.0 / lmbda;
if (lmbda > 0.0) {
if (x < (-xeval))
return 0.0;
if (x > xeval)
return 1.0;
}
if ((-SMALLVAL < lmbda) && (lmbda < SMALLVAL)) {
if (x >= 0)
return 1.0 / (1.0 + exp(-x));
else
return exp(x) / (1.0 + exp(x));
}
pmin = 0.0;
pmid = 0.5;
pmax = 1.0;
plow = pmin;
phigh = pmax;
count = 0;
while ((count < MAXCOUNT) && (fabs(pmid - plow) > EPS)) {
xeval = (pow(pmid, lmbda) - pow(1.0 - pmid, lmbda)) / lmbda;
if (xeval == x)
return pmid;
if (xeval > x) {
phigh = pmid;
pmid = (pmid + plow) / 2.0;
}
else {
plow = pmid;
pmid = (pmid + phigh) / 2.0;
}
count++;
}
return pmid;
}
``` |
Queen Elizabeth II Court is the city block containing Regina City Hall, a 16-storey office tower in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. The city hall is built in the International Style.
Opened in 1976, "[t]he construction manager was Poole Construction Limited and the architect, Joseph Pettick. It cost ." It replaced two previous city halls—built in 1885-86 and 1908—and a temporary one in the old post office on 11th Avenue at Cornwall Street.
By the time the cornerstone was laid in 1906 for the second, the "gingerbread city hall," "[t]he wooden building which had served as Town Hall and as Regina's first City Hall was no longer sufficient for the city's needs. This is not surprising, since the tiny wooden building was used as City Chambers, the police station, the fire hall, a school, a public meeting hall and a banquet hall."
The 1908 building "was grand in scope and size, emphasizing the confidence city fathers saw in the future of the city. Built on 11th Avenue between Hamilton and Rose Streets (where the Alvin Hamilton Building housing Service Canada now stands), the new building was ornately decorated. It was often known as 'The Gingerbread Palace.' Constructed between 1906 -1908, it came into use in 1908 as a city hall, centre of arts, music and literature, and a banquet hall. Like its wooden predecessor, the massive stone structure was used for everything from lectures to dances – even boxing matches were held within its hallowed walls. However, by 1963, the revered old hall was showing its age and all civic offices were moved to the Old Post Office building. The building sat vacant for two years until it was demolished in 1965 to make room for the Galleria Shopping Centre (renamed the Alvin Hamilton Building)."
The temporary city hall in the old post office (the "Prince Edward Building"), was used as a substitute from 1963 to 1975 for the city hall on 11th Avenue between Hamilton and Rose Streets, which had been closed and demolished without plans for any long-term replacement. It is most substantially used as theatre by Globe Theatre, Regina. The current City Hall does not contain or provide facilities for public social and ceremonial activities as its 1910 predecessor did, they not being available elsewhere in Regina then but now are. The current building is far more largely for office work.
The City of Regina in 2002 undertook an energy efficiency audit and environmental upgrade to the building.
See also
Royal eponyms in Canada
External links
Skyscraperpage
References
Buildings and structures in Regina, Saskatchewan
Buildings and structures completed in 1976
City and town halls in Saskatchewan
Joseph Pettick buildings
1976 establishments in Saskatchewan |
The following is a list of important artists, including visual arts, poets and musicians, who were born in Iraq, active in Iraq or whose body of work is primarily concerned with Iraqi themes or subject matter.
Note: This article uses Arabic naming customs: the name "al" (which means 'from a certain place') or "ibn" or "ben" (which means 'son of') are not used for alphabetical indexing. Artists are listed alphabetically by their paternal family name. For example, the Iraqi artist Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi, is listed under "B" for Baghdadi, the paternal family name while the artist Zigi Ben-Haim, is listed under "H" for Haim.
A
Faraj Abbo (1921–1984), artist, theatre director, designer, author and educator
Firyal Al-Adhamy (also known as Ferial al-Althami) (b. 1950) hurufiyya artist, calligrapher
Kajal Ahmad (b. 1967), Kurdish-Iraqi poet
Najiba Ahmad (b. 1954), poet
Modhir Ahmed (born 1956), visual artist
Sadik Kwaish Alfraji (b. 1960), multi-media artist, photographer, animator, video producer and installation artist
M.J. Alhabeeb (born 1954), calligrapher and painter
Ayad Alkadhi (born 1971), visual artist
Rheim Alkadhi (b. 1973), multidisciplinary artist
Sama Alshaibi (b. 1973), media and installation artist
Usama Alshaibi (b. 1969), filmmaker and painter
Jananne Al-Ani (b. 1966), Iraqi-Irish photographer and film-maker
Latif al-Ani (b. 1932), photographer, known as the 'father of Iraqi photography'
Zahroun Amara, world renowned Mandaean niello silversmith. People that are known to have owned his silver nielloware include Stanley Maude, Winston Churchill, Bahrain royal family, Egyptian King Farouk, Iraqi royal family including kings Faisal I and Ghazi, and British royal family including the Prince of Wales who became Edward VIII.
Sinan Antoon (b. 1967), poet
Layla Al-Attar (1944–1993), artist and painter
Suad al-Attar (born 1942), painter
Halla Ayla (born 1957), photographer, painter
Apo Avedissian (b. 1990), filmmaker, painter, photographer, and writer
Dia Azzawi (b. 1939), painter active in Iraq and London
Fadhil Al Azzawi (born 1940), poet
B
Hashem Muhammad al-Baghdadi (1917–1973), calligrapher
Niazi Mawlawi Baghdadi, 19th-century painter, decorator and calligrapher
Ahmed Al Bahrani (b. 1965), sculptor
Ala Bashir (born 1939), painter, sculptor and plastic surgeon
Basil Al Bayati (b. 1946), architect and designer
Wafaa Bilal (b. 1966), performance artist, author and educator
C
Wasma'a Khalid Chorbachi (born 1944), Iraqi-American ceramist, calligrapher, painter
Kamil Chadirji (1897–1968), photographer
Rifa'at Chadirchi (1926–2020), architect
D
Issa Hanna Dabish (1919–2009), painter
Murad al-Daghistani (1917–1984), photographer
Salim al-Dabbagh (b. 1941), artist and print-maker
Bassem Hamad al-Dawiri (died 2007), sculptor and artist
Hafidh al-Droubi (1914–1991), painter and educator
E
Enheduanna, 23rd century BCE poet, wrote on Cuneiform tablets
Ali Eyal (b. 1994), multi-media artist and painter
F
Lisa Fattah (1941–1992), German-born painter, wife of Ismail Fatah al-Turk, active in Iraq
Fuzûlî (Muhammad bin Suleyman), 15th century poet
Mun'im Furat (1900–1972), sculptor
H
Abdulameer Yousef Habeeb (b. ?), calligrapher
Mohammed Saeed Al-Habboubi (1849–1915), poet
Zaha Hadid (1950–2016), Iraqi-British architect
Asim Abdul Hafid (1886 - ?)
Kadhim Hayder (alternatives: Kazem Haider, Kadhim Haydar) (1932–1985), artist, poet, author, stage-set designer, educator
Zigi Ben-Haim (b. 1945), sculptor and painter
Mansur Al-Hallaj, 9th century Sufi poet and mystic
Jamil Hamoudi, (1924–2003), sculptor, painter and author
Choman Hardi (born 1974), poet, translator and painter
Faeq Hassan (1914–1990), painter
Mohammed Ghani Hikmat (1929–2011), sculptor
J
Jabra Ibrahim Jabra (1920–1994), painter, art historian, art critic and author
Khalid al-Jader (1922–1988), painter, educator, art historian and author
Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri (1899–1997), poet
Koutaiba Al Janabi (?-?), film-maker and photographer
Amal al-Jubouri (b. 1967), poet
Jamal Jumá, poet
Saleh al-Jumai'e (b. 1939), contemporary artist
K
Nida Kadhim (b. 1937), sculptor
Hayv Kahraman (born 1981), painter and sculptor
Farouk Kaspaules (born ?), artist
Hashim al-Khattat, "Hashim the Calligrapher," (1917–1973), calligrapher, considered as the last of the classical calligraphers
Rachel Khedoori (born 1964), Australian-born artist of Iraqi heritage (twin sister of Toba Khedoori)
Toba Khedoori (born 1964), Australian-born artist of Iraqi heritage, known primarily for highly detailed mixed-media paintings (twin sister of Rachel Khedoori)
Paulus Khofri (1923–2000), composer, lyricist and painter
Nedim Kufi (b. 1966), multi-disciplinary visual artist and graphic designer
M
Muhammad Hasan Abi al-Mahasin, poet
Alaa Al-Marjani (b. 1967), photographer from Najaf city, worked with AP and Reuters.
Mohamed Makiya (1914–2015), modernist architect and patron of the arts
Vartan Malakian (b. 1947), painter and artist
Hanaa Malallah (b. 1958), painter
Hassan Massoudy (b. 1944), painter and calligrapher
Ahmed Matar (b. 1954), poet
Dunya Mikhail (b. 1965), poet
Ghassan Muhsen (born 1945), artist, painter and ambassador
Ibn Muqla (885/6–940), 10th-century calligrapher
N
Yuhana Nashmi, Mandaean visual artist and ceramicist based in Australia
Rafa al-Nasiri (1940–2013), painter, print-maker, educator and author
Muzaffar Al-Nawab (b. 1934), poet, critic and painter
Abū Nuwās al-Ḥasan ibn Hānī al-Ḥakamī, 9th century Iraqi poet
Farah Nosh, photographer and photo-journalist
O
Amer al-Obaidi (b. 1943), painter
Mahmoud Obaidi (b. 1966), painter, conceptual artist, sculptor, film-maker
Madiha Omar (1908–2005), pioneer of the Hurufiyya movement
Widad Al-Orfali (b. 1929), artist and musician
P
Fred Parhad (b. 1947), sculptor
Q
Qais Al-Sindy (b. 1967), artist and painter
R
Husain al-Radi (1924–1963), politician, poet, and painter
Nuha al-Radi (1941–2004), diarist, ceramicist, painter
Khaled al-Rahal (1926-1987), sculptor and painter
Nadhim Ramzi (1928–2013), artist and graphic designer
Abdul Qadir Al Rassam (1882–1952), painter
Wafaa Abed Al Razzaq (b. 1952), poet
S
Miran al-Saadi (b. 1934) sculptor
Mahmoud Sabri (1927–2012), painter
Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi (1863–1936), poet, educator and activist
Ahmed Al Safi (born 1971), sculptor
Shakir Hassan Al Said (1925–2004), painter, art historian, art critic, educator and prolific author
Issam al-Said (1938–1988), painter, print-maker, designer, etcher, architect, philosopher and author
Muhammad Sa'id al-Sakkar
Jawad Saleem (also given as Jawed Salim or Joad Salim) (1920–1961), sculptor
Su'ad Salim (b. 1918)
Tamara Salman, 20th century designer
Lorna Selim (1928–2012), artist and English-born wife of Jawad Saleem
Naziha Salim (1927–2008), artist and painter (sister of Jawad Saleem)
Mohammed Hajji Selim (1883–1941), painter, father of Suad Salim, Jawad Saleem, Naziha Salim and Nizarre Selim
Badr Shakir al-Sayyab (1926–1964), poet
Andy Shallal (born 1969), artist and activist
Naseer Shamma (b. 1963), musician and singer
Walid Siti (b. 1954)
Vian Sora (born 1976), painter
T
Ali Talib (b. 1944), painter
Aatqall Taúaa (b. ?), sculptor and author
Ismail Fatah Al Turk (1934–2004), painter and sculptor
W
Yahya Al-Wasiti, 13th century illustrator
Y
Nazar Yahya (b. 1963), Iraqi-American etcher, sculptor (in metal), installation artist and photographer
Saadi Yousef (b. 1934, near Basra), poet, author and journalist
Yaqut al-Musta'simi 13th-century calligrapher
Z
Khalil al-Zahawi (1946–2007), calligrapher
Muqbil Al-Zahawi (b. 1935), ceramicist
Salim Mohammed Saleh Zaki painter
Haifa Zangana (born 1950), novelist, author and artist
See also
Baghdad School
Hurufiyya movement
Iraqi art
Islamic art
Islamic architecture
Islamic calligraphy
List of Iraqi women artists
Major Iraqi public artworks
Al-Shaheed Monument. Baghdad
The Monument to the Unknown Soldier, Baghdad
Victory Arch, Baghdad
References
Further reading
Benezit Dictionary of Asian Artists, Oxford University Press, 2017
Bloom, J. and Blair, S.S. (eds), Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture, Vols 1–3, Oxford University Press, 2009
Davis, B., "The Iraqi Century of Art," Artnet Magazine, July, 2008, Online
Dougherty, B.K. and Ghareeb, E.A., Historical Dictionary of Iraq, Scarecrow Press, 2013
Farhat, Maymanah, "Iraqi Artists in Exile," Selections magazine, no. 30, 2015 Online
Hann, G., Dabrowska, K. and Greaves, T.T., Iraq: The Ancient Sites and Iraqi Kurdistan, Bradt Travel Guides, 2015, pp 29–32
Jabra, I.J., The Grass Roots of Art in Iraq, Waisit Graphic and Publishing, 1983, Online:
Khalil, S. and Makiya, K., The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq; University of California Press, 1991
Lindgren, A. and Ross, S., The Modernist World, Routledge, 2015
Sabrah, S.A. and Ali, M., Iraqi Artwork Red List: A Partial List of the Artworks Missing from the National Museum of Modern Art, Baghdad, Iraq, 2010
Salīm, N., Iraq: Contemporary Art, Volume 1, Sartec, 1977; Mathaf Encyclopedia of Modern Art and the Islamic World, Online:
Shabout, N., "Ghosts of Futures Past: Iraqi Culture in a State of Suspension," in Denise Robinson, Through the Roadbloacks: Realities in Raw Motion, [Conference Reader], School of Fine Arts, Cyprus University, (23-25 November 2012), 2015
Shabout, N., "The Preservation of Iraq's Modern Heritage in the Aftermath of the US Invasion of 2003," in: Elaine A. King and Gail Levin (eds), Ethics And the Visual Arts, New York, Allworth, 2006, pp 105 –120
Tuohy, A. and Masters, C., A-Z Great Modern Artists, Hachette UK, 2015; Al-Ali, N. and Al-Najjar, D., We Are Iraqis: Aesthetics and Politics in a Time of War, Syracuse University Press, 2013;
Artists from Baghdad
Iraqi calligraphers
Iraqi designers
Iraqi ceramists
Iraqi contemporary artists
Iraqi painters
Iraqi sculptors
Iraqi women artists
Iraqi
Artists |
```javascript
define(["Tone/core/Tone", "Tone/core/Param", "Tone/core/Type"], function (Tone) {
"use strict";
/**
* @class A thin wrapper around the Native Web Audio GainNode.
* The GainNode is a basic building block of the Web Audio
* API and is useful for routing audio and adjusting gains.
* @extends {Tone}
* @param {Number=} gain The initial gain of the GainNode
* @param {Tone.Type=} units The units of the gain parameter.
*/
Tone.Gain = function(){
var options = this.optionsObject(arguments, ["gain", "units"], Tone.Gain.defaults);
/**
* The GainNode
* @type {GainNode}
* @private
*/
this.input = this.output = this._gainNode = this.context.createGain();
/**
* The gain parameter of the gain node.
* @type {AudioParam}
* @signal
*/
this.gain = new Tone.Param({
"param" : this._gainNode.gain,
"units" : options.units,
"value" : options.gain,
"convert" : options.convert
});
this._readOnly("gain");
};
Tone.extend(Tone.Gain);
/**
* The defaults
* @const
* @type {Object}
*/
Tone.Gain.defaults = {
"gain" : 1,
"convert" : true,
};
/**
* Clean up.
* @return {Tone.Gain} this
*/
Tone.Gain.prototype.dispose = function(){
Tone.Param.prototype.dispose.call(this);
this._gainNode.disconnect();
this._gainNode = null;
this._writable("gain");
this.gain.dispose();
this.gain = null;
};
return Tone.Gain;
});
``` |
1001 is a year.
1001 may also refer to:
1001 (album), a 1995 album by Dead Hot Workshop
1001 (card game), a German point-trick card game
1001 (number), a natural number
See also
A Thousand and One, a 2023 drama film
One Thousand and One Nights (disambiguation) |
Shyam Telikicherla is an architectural designer, engineer, artist and musician from the Washington, DC area. He is currently based in Chicago, IL. Currently a member of the band Cassettes on Tape and formerly a member of the band Metropolitan.
Discography
Cassettes on Tape
Cathedrals EP - 2012
METROPOLITAN
Down For You is Up - 2002
The Lines They Get Broken - 2005
Meghan Hayes
Snow On the Waves - 2000
Give the Guard a Break - 2005
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Leonardo D'Imporzano (born March 19, 1982, in La Spezia, Italy) is an Italian free-diver, an AIDA International Judge, underwater journalist, researcher conservationist, and TV personality.
Pioneer of freediving under ice, he achieves the best performance under ice in Dynamic without fins at Smeraldo Lake in Val di Non (Trento, Italy) 24 February 2008 with 43 metres.
With his team he has carried out in hyperbaric and diving medicine research, with the first-ever electrocardiogram under ice and the deepest electrocardiogram.
Underwater journalist
In the 2013, he was the first journalist "embedded" to follow the "Corso Ordinario Palombari" (the Italian Navy Diver) since its founding 165 years ago. From the first day until the end of 44 weeks. From this experience he wrote the book "PALOMBiRO. Pagine dal fondo". (Magenes 2014).
Books
He wrote:
"L’Orecchio del Subacqueo" (IRECO). 2010
"Le Cinque Terre con le pinne" (Magenes)
"SubPuntoCom" Ebook.
"PALOMBiRO. Pagine dal fondo". (Magenes)
Media work
D'Imporzano also writes and contributes in more than 600 articles of magazines and he's a speaker in shows and conferences on the topic of freediving and environmental protection.
Other activities
He has flown in zero gravity with ESA (European Space Agency) during the 60th "Zero G", Esa's flight campaign in Bordeaux - Mérignac Airport France by the company Novespace
Awards
He has received awards from Comune di Lerici, La Spezia (Italy) for his sport activity, from the International Festival "ImagOrbetello" – Osservare – Impressionare – Sorprendere", the Special Prize for "Man of Sports and Culture. For his commitment to the Promotion and Protection of the Territory Coastal.
From [ Uisp - attività subacquee] the Diploma in "Duilio Marcante Prize", "For significant contributions to the preservation of human life in the water". The "Tridente d'oro" or the year 2018, becoming member of the International Academy of Underwater Sciences and Techniques.
References
External links
Official website
Official Telegram Channel
environmental organization
his blog on the most popular italian's newspaper
1982 births
Italian freedivers
Living people |
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>Arrays: Task 3</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../styles.css" />
<style>
* {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
p {
color: purple;
margin: 0.5em 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<section class="preview">
</section>
<textarea class="playable playable-js" style="height: 220px;">
let myArray = [ "Ryu", "Ken", "Chun-Li", "Cammy", "Guile", "Sakura", "Sagat", "Juri" ];
// Add your code here
// Don't edit the code below here!
section.innerHTML = ' ';
let para1 = document.createElement('p');
para1.textContent = myString;
section.appendChild(para1);
</textarea>
<div class="playable-buttons">
<input id="reset" type="button" value="Reset" />
</div>
</body>
<script class="editable"></script>
<script src="../playable.js"></script>
</html>
``` |
```c
/* iowin32.c -- IO base function header for compress/uncompress .zip
Version 1.1, February 14h, 2010
part of the MiniZip project - ( path_to_url )
Modifications for Zip64 support
For more info read MiniZip_info.txt
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "zlib.h"
#include "ioapi.h"
#include "iowin32.h"
#ifndef INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
#define INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE (0xFFFFFFFF)
#endif
#ifndef INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER
#define INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER ((DWORD)-1)
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32_WINNT
#undef _WIN32_WINNT
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x601
#endif
#if !defined(IOWIN32_USING_WINRT_API)
#if defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_APP)
// Windows Store or Universal Windows Platform
#define IOWIN32_USING_WINRT_API 1
#endif
#endif
voidpf ZCALLBACK win32_open_file_func OF((voidpf opaque, const char* filename, int mode));
uLong ZCALLBACK win32_read_file_func OF((voidpf opaque, voidpf stream, void* buf, uLong size));
uLong ZCALLBACK win32_write_file_func OF((voidpf opaque, voidpf stream, const void* buf, uLong size));
ZPOS64_T ZCALLBACK win32_tell64_file_func OF((voidpf opaque, voidpf stream));
long ZCALLBACK win32_seek64_file_func OF((voidpf opaque, voidpf stream, ZPOS64_T offset, int origin));
int ZCALLBACK win32_close_file_func OF((voidpf opaque, voidpf stream));
int ZCALLBACK win32_error_file_func OF((voidpf opaque, voidpf stream));
typedef struct
{
HANDLE hf;
int error;
} WIN32FILE_IOWIN;
static void win32_translate_open_mode(int mode,
DWORD* lpdwDesiredAccess,
DWORD* lpdwCreationDisposition,
DWORD* lpdwShareMode,
DWORD* lpdwFlagsAndAttributes)
{
*lpdwDesiredAccess = *lpdwShareMode = *lpdwFlagsAndAttributes = *lpdwCreationDisposition = 0;
if ((mode & ZLIB_FILEFUNC_MODE_READWRITEFILTER)==ZLIB_FILEFUNC_MODE_READ)
{
*lpdwDesiredAccess = GENERIC_READ;
*lpdwCreationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
*lpdwShareMode = FILE_SHARE_READ;
}
else if (mode & ZLIB_FILEFUNC_MODE_EXISTING)
{
*lpdwDesiredAccess = GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ;
*lpdwCreationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;
}
else if (mode & ZLIB_FILEFUNC_MODE_CREATE)
{
*lpdwDesiredAccess = GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ;
*lpdwCreationDisposition = CREATE_ALWAYS;
}
}
static voidpf win32_build_iowin(HANDLE hFile)
{
voidpf ret=NULL;
if ((hFile != NULL) && (hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE))
{
WIN32FILE_IOWIN w32fiow;
w32fiow.hf = hFile;
w32fiow.error = 0;
ret = malloc(sizeof(WIN32FILE_IOWIN));
if (ret==NULL)
CloseHandle(hFile);
else
*((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)ret) = w32fiow;
}
return ret;
}
voidpf ZCALLBACK win32_open64_file_func (voidpf opaque,const void* filename,int mode)
{
const char* mode_fopen = NULL;
DWORD dwDesiredAccess,dwCreationDisposition,dwShareMode,dwFlagsAndAttributes ;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
win32_translate_open_mode(mode,&dwDesiredAccess,&dwCreationDisposition,&dwShareMode,&dwFlagsAndAttributes);
#ifdef IOWIN32_USING_WINRT_API
#ifdef UNICODE
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
hFile = CreateFile2((LPCTSTR)filename, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, dwCreationDisposition, NULL);
#else
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
{
WCHAR filenameW[FILENAME_MAX + 0x200 + 1];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,(const char*)filename,-1,filenameW,FILENAME_MAX + 0x200);
hFile = CreateFile2(filenameW, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, dwCreationDisposition, NULL);
}
#endif
#else
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
hFile = CreateFile((LPCTSTR)filename, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, NULL);
#endif
return win32_build_iowin(hFile);
}
voidpf ZCALLBACK win32_open64_file_funcA (voidpf opaque,const void* filename,int mode)
{
const char* mode_fopen = NULL;
DWORD dwDesiredAccess,dwCreationDisposition,dwShareMode,dwFlagsAndAttributes ;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
win32_translate_open_mode(mode,&dwDesiredAccess,&dwCreationDisposition,&dwShareMode,&dwFlagsAndAttributes);
#ifdef IOWIN32_USING_WINRT_API
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
{
WCHAR filenameW[FILENAME_MAX + 0x200 + 1];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,(const char*)filename,-1,filenameW,FILENAME_MAX + 0x200);
hFile = CreateFile2(filenameW, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, dwCreationDisposition, NULL);
}
#else
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
hFile = CreateFileA((LPCSTR)filename, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, NULL);
#endif
return win32_build_iowin(hFile);
}
voidpf ZCALLBACK win32_open64_file_funcW (voidpf opaque,const void* filename,int mode)
{
const char* mode_fopen = NULL;
DWORD dwDesiredAccess,dwCreationDisposition,dwShareMode,dwFlagsAndAttributes ;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
win32_translate_open_mode(mode,&dwDesiredAccess,&dwCreationDisposition,&dwShareMode,&dwFlagsAndAttributes);
#ifdef IOWIN32_USING_WINRT_API
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
hFile = CreateFile2((LPCWSTR)filename, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, dwCreationDisposition,NULL);
#else
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
hFile = CreateFileW((LPCWSTR)filename, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, NULL);
#endif
return win32_build_iowin(hFile);
}
voidpf ZCALLBACK win32_open_file_func (voidpf opaque,const char* filename,int mode)
{
const char* mode_fopen = NULL;
DWORD dwDesiredAccess,dwCreationDisposition,dwShareMode,dwFlagsAndAttributes ;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
win32_translate_open_mode(mode,&dwDesiredAccess,&dwCreationDisposition,&dwShareMode,&dwFlagsAndAttributes);
#ifdef IOWIN32_USING_WINRT_API
#ifdef UNICODE
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
hFile = CreateFile2((LPCTSTR)filename, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, dwCreationDisposition, NULL);
#else
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
{
WCHAR filenameW[FILENAME_MAX + 0x200 + 1];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,(const char*)filename,-1,filenameW,FILENAME_MAX + 0x200);
hFile = CreateFile2(filenameW, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, dwCreationDisposition, NULL);
}
#endif
#else
if ((filename!=NULL) && (dwDesiredAccess != 0))
hFile = CreateFile((LPCTSTR)filename, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, NULL);
#endif
return win32_build_iowin(hFile);
}
uLong ZCALLBACK win32_read_file_func (voidpf opaque, voidpf stream, void* buf,uLong size)
{
uLong ret=0;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
if (stream!=NULL)
hFile = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> hf;
if (hFile != NULL)
{
if (!ReadFile(hFile, buf, size, &ret, NULL))
{
DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
if (dwErr == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
dwErr = 0;
((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> error=(int)dwErr;
}
}
return ret;
}
uLong ZCALLBACK win32_write_file_func (voidpf opaque,voidpf stream,const void* buf,uLong size)
{
uLong ret=0;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
if (stream!=NULL)
hFile = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> hf;
if (hFile != NULL)
{
if (!WriteFile(hFile, buf, size, &ret, NULL))
{
DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
if (dwErr == ERROR_HANDLE_EOF)
dwErr = 0;
((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> error=(int)dwErr;
}
}
return ret;
}
static BOOL MySetFilePointerEx(HANDLE hFile, LARGE_INTEGER pos, LARGE_INTEGER *newPos, DWORD dwMoveMethod)
{
#ifdef IOWIN32_USING_WINRT_API
return SetFilePointerEx(hFile, pos, newPos, dwMoveMethod);
#else
LONG lHigh = pos.HighPart;
DWORD dwNewPos = SetFilePointer(hFile, pos.LowPart, &lHigh, dwMoveMethod);
BOOL fOk = TRUE;
if (dwNewPos == 0xFFFFFFFF)
if (GetLastError() != NO_ERROR)
fOk = FALSE;
if ((newPos != NULL) && (fOk))
{
newPos->LowPart = dwNewPos;
newPos->HighPart = lHigh;
}
return fOk;
#endif
}
long ZCALLBACK win32_tell_file_func (voidpf opaque,voidpf stream)
{
long ret=-1;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
if (stream!=NULL)
hFile = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> hf;
if (hFile != NULL)
{
LARGE_INTEGER pos;
pos.QuadPart = 0;
if (!MySetFilePointerEx(hFile, pos, &pos, FILE_CURRENT))
{
DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> error=(int)dwErr;
ret = -1;
}
else
ret=(long)pos.LowPart;
}
return ret;
}
ZPOS64_T ZCALLBACK win32_tell64_file_func (voidpf opaque, voidpf stream)
{
ZPOS64_T ret= (ZPOS64_T)-1;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
if (stream!=NULL)
hFile = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream)->hf;
if (hFile)
{
LARGE_INTEGER pos;
pos.QuadPart = 0;
if (!MySetFilePointerEx(hFile, pos, &pos, FILE_CURRENT))
{
DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> error=(int)dwErr;
ret = (ZPOS64_T)-1;
}
else
ret=pos.QuadPart;
}
return ret;
}
long ZCALLBACK win32_seek_file_func (voidpf opaque,voidpf stream,uLong offset,int origin)
{
DWORD dwMoveMethod=0xFFFFFFFF;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
long ret=-1;
if (stream!=NULL)
hFile = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> hf;
switch (origin)
{
case ZLIB_FILEFUNC_SEEK_CUR :
dwMoveMethod = FILE_CURRENT;
break;
case ZLIB_FILEFUNC_SEEK_END :
dwMoveMethod = FILE_END;
break;
case ZLIB_FILEFUNC_SEEK_SET :
dwMoveMethod = FILE_BEGIN;
break;
default: return -1;
}
if (hFile != NULL)
{
LARGE_INTEGER pos;
pos.QuadPart = offset;
if (!MySetFilePointerEx(hFile, pos, NULL, dwMoveMethod))
{
DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> error=(int)dwErr;
ret = -1;
}
else
ret=0;
}
return ret;
}
long ZCALLBACK win32_seek64_file_func (voidpf opaque, voidpf stream,ZPOS64_T offset,int origin)
{
DWORD dwMoveMethod=0xFFFFFFFF;
HANDLE hFile = NULL;
long ret=-1;
if (stream!=NULL)
hFile = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream)->hf;
switch (origin)
{
case ZLIB_FILEFUNC_SEEK_CUR :
dwMoveMethod = FILE_CURRENT;
break;
case ZLIB_FILEFUNC_SEEK_END :
dwMoveMethod = FILE_END;
break;
case ZLIB_FILEFUNC_SEEK_SET :
dwMoveMethod = FILE_BEGIN;
break;
default: return -1;
}
if (hFile)
{
LARGE_INTEGER pos;
pos.QuadPart = offset;
if (!MySetFilePointerEx(hFile, pos, NULL, dwMoveMethod))
{
DWORD dwErr = GetLastError();
((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> error=(int)dwErr;
ret = -1;
}
else
ret=0;
}
return ret;
}
int ZCALLBACK win32_close_file_func (voidpf opaque, voidpf stream)
{
int ret=-1;
if (stream!=NULL)
{
HANDLE hFile;
hFile = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> hf;
if (hFile != NULL)
{
CloseHandle(hFile);
ret=0;
}
free(stream);
}
return ret;
}
int ZCALLBACK win32_error_file_func (voidpf opaque,voidpf stream)
{
int ret=-1;
if (stream!=NULL)
{
ret = ((WIN32FILE_IOWIN*)stream) -> error;
}
return ret;
}
void fill_win32_filefunc (zlib_filefunc_def* pzlib_filefunc_def)
{
pzlib_filefunc_def->zopen_file = win32_open_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zread_file = win32_read_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zwrite_file = win32_write_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->ztell_file = win32_tell_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zseek_file = win32_seek_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zclose_file = win32_close_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zerror_file = win32_error_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->opaque = NULL;
}
void fill_win32_filefunc64(zlib_filefunc64_def* pzlib_filefunc_def)
{
pzlib_filefunc_def->zopen64_file = win32_open64_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zread_file = win32_read_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zwrite_file = win32_write_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->ztell64_file = win32_tell64_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zseek64_file = win32_seek64_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zclose_file = win32_close_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zerror_file = win32_error_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->opaque = NULL;
}
void fill_win32_filefunc64A(zlib_filefunc64_def* pzlib_filefunc_def)
{
pzlib_filefunc_def->zopen64_file = win32_open64_file_funcA;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zread_file = win32_read_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zwrite_file = win32_write_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->ztell64_file = win32_tell64_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zseek64_file = win32_seek64_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zclose_file = win32_close_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zerror_file = win32_error_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->opaque = NULL;
}
void fill_win32_filefunc64W(zlib_filefunc64_def* pzlib_filefunc_def)
{
pzlib_filefunc_def->zopen64_file = win32_open64_file_funcW;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zread_file = win32_read_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zwrite_file = win32_write_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->ztell64_file = win32_tell64_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zseek64_file = win32_seek64_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zclose_file = win32_close_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->zerror_file = win32_error_file_func;
pzlib_filefunc_def->opaque = NULL;
}
``` |
Leptostylus plumeoventris is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Linsley in 1934.
References
Leptostylus
Beetles described in 1934
Taxa named by Earle Gorton Linsley |
The Campaspe River, an inland intermittent river of the northcentral catchment, part of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the lower Riverina bioregion and Central Highlands and Wimmera regions of the Australian state of Victoria. The headwaters of the Campaspe River rise on the northern slopes of the Great Dividing Range and descend to flow north into the Murray River, Australia's longest river, near Echuca.
Location and features
From its source in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range below Red Hill, the Campaspe River rises in the Wombat State Forest northwest of and southwest of near and Firth Park, a local camping ground and historical area. The river then flows west of the township of and continues north through the town of . The middle reaches of the river are dominated by Lake Eppalock, a constructed reservoir. The Coliban River, the most significant tributary of the Campaspe, also flows into Lake Eppalock. Towns located on the river in this area include located just south of Eppalock and , located just below Eppalock. The towns of and lie on the river's lower reaches. The river meets its confluence with the Murray River west of the town of Echuca, located adjacent to the state border between Victoria and New South Wales.
In addition to the Coliban River, the Campaspe River is joined by six minor tributaries and passes through the Campaspe Weir. The river descends over its course.
The river is crossed three times by the Calder Freeway near Kyneton, and by the McIvor Highway near Eppalock. The Midland Highway and Northern Highway duplex crosses the river at Elmore, and the Murray Valley Highway and Northern Highway duplex crosses the river at Echuca.
History
Aboriginal Australians lived in the catchment for millennia.
Europeans arrived in the upper catchment area in 1834. After European settlement, native vegetation was removed from part of the area, which was replanted with willow trees and hedgerows of hawthorn bushes, some of the latter remaining today. Over a number of years the willow growth has been progressively cleared and eradicated by local groups of volunteers. The willow-free parts of the river have been subsequently replanted with indigenous species. Walking routes and cycle tracks have been installed along one bank of the river, creating a sustainable leisure resource for the town.
Etymology
As the river is relatively long, Aboriginal peoples from various cultural groups lived near the river course. In the Yorta Yorta language, the name for the river is Yalka or Yalooka, meaning "dry leaf". In the Taungurung language the name for the river is Boregam, with no clearly defined meaning. In the Taungurung and Ngurai-illam Wurrung language, the river is named Yerrin, with no clearly defined meaning.
It was named by Major Mitchell in 1836 for Campaspe, a mistress of Alexander the Great.
See also
References
External links
North-Central catchment
Rivers of Hume (region)
Rivers of Loddon Mallee (region)
Tributaries of the Murray River
Central Highlands (Victoria)
Wimmera |
```c++
// (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at path_to_url
#ifndef BOOST_HANA_TEST_LAWS_GROUP_HPP
#define BOOST_HANA_TEST_LAWS_GROUP_HPP
#include <boost/hana/assert.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/bool.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/concept/comparable.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/core/when.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/concept/group.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/lazy.hpp>
#include <laws/base.hpp>
namespace boost { namespace hana { namespace test {
template <typename G, typename = when<true>>
struct TestGroup : TestGroup<G, laws> {
using TestGroup<G, laws>::TestGroup;
};
template <typename G>
struct TestGroup<G, laws> {
template <typename Xs>
TestGroup(Xs xs) {
hana::for_each(xs, [](auto x) {
static_assert(Group<decltype(x)>{}, "");
});
foreach2(xs, [](auto x, auto y) {
// left inverse
BOOST_HANA_CHECK(hana::equal(
hana::plus(x, hana::negate(x)),
zero<G>()
));
// right inverse
BOOST_HANA_CHECK(hana::equal(
hana::plus(hana::negate(x), x),
zero<G>()
));
// default definition of minus
BOOST_HANA_CHECK(hana::equal(
hana::minus(x, y),
hana::plus(x, hana::negate(y))
));
BOOST_HANA_CHECK(hana::equal(
hana::minus(y, x),
hana::plus(y, hana::negate(x))
));
// default definition of negate
BOOST_HANA_CHECK(hana::equal(
hana::negate(hana::negate(x)),
x
));
});
}
};
template <typename C>
struct TestGroup<C, when<Constant<C>::value>>
: TestGroup<C, laws>
{
template <typename Xs>
TestGroup(Xs xs) : TestGroup<C, laws>{xs} {
foreach2(xs, [](auto x, auto y) {
BOOST_HANA_CHECK(hana::equal(
hana::negate(hana::value(x)),
hana::value(hana::negate(x))
));
BOOST_HANA_CHECK(hana::equal(
hana::minus(hana::value(x), hana::value(y)),
hana::value(hana::minus(x, y))
));
});
}
};
}}} // end namespace boost::hana::test
#endif // !BOOST_HANA_TEST_LAWS_GROUP_HPP
``` |
George Semple (c. 1700 – 13 April 1782) was a notable Irish builder and architect.
Life
His earliest known work is the steeple, in height, of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, which he designed and erected in 1749.
He also built St Patrick's Hospital (1749–57), which was founded in 1747 with money bequeathed by Jonathan Swift following his death in 1745.
His best known work was Essex Bridge across the River Liffey (now Grattan Bridge). This was begun in 1752, and completed in 1754, and was considered one of the best bridges in Ireland. The government awarded him £500 for his efforts. Essex Bridge was taken down in 1872 and replaced by the present Grattan Bridge, leading from Parliament Street to Capel Street. Semple later wrote a book, Treatise on Building in Water, first published in 1776, which was based on this project.
He constructed Headfort House in the 1760s for Sir Thomas Taylour, later 1st Earl of Bective (1724–1795) (see Marquess of Headfort). It lies above the River Blackwater, a tributary of the River Boyne, just outside the early ecclesiastical town of Kells in the northwest of County Meath.
In 1777 Semple was living in Queen Street, Dublin, where he died late in 1781 or early in 1782.
References
Attribution
1700 births
1782 deaths
Architects from Dublin (city)
18th-century Irish architects |
Perdita fallugiae is a species of bee in the family Andrenidae. It is found in North America.
References
Further reading
Andrenidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1956 |
Lee Kwan-Woo (born 25 February 1978) is a South Korean retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
Early life
Born in Seoul, Lee graduated from Chunghwa Elementary School, Hanyang Middle School, Hanyang Technical High School, and Hanyang University.
Playing career
Nicknamed "Sirius" and dubbed "Kwanquelme" by his fans, Lee began his professional football career in the K-League by joining the community based club, Daejeon Citizen in 2000. During his stay in Daejeon, he established himself as a fan favorite with his accurate passes and long shots. In addition, his record of 22 goals and 18 assists made him an icon amongst the Purple Crew; however, in July 2006, he left Daejeon and joined its rival club, Suwon Samsung Bluewings. Before joining the Bluewings, he suffered a knee injury in a car crash. He almost retired but came back strong for Suwon and even made a national squad.
After a poor seasonal campaign in 2005, the Bluewings aimed to rebuild their squad during the transfer window, and brought in Lee Kwan-Woo along with others notably Baek Ji-hoon for the 2006 season. This proved to be a vital move, as the Bluewings finished the season as runners-up despite being one of the top favorites. At the start of the 2007 campaign, he was given the armband for the Suwon Bluewings, but lost his captaincy to his teammate Song Chong-gug at the start of the 2008 season. Nevertheless, his keen passing and ball distribution remain invaluable to the Suwon Bluewings.
He is member of 30-30 Club since 25 August 2007.
In 2013, he joined Home United FC as their club marquee player.
Coaching career
Lee Kwan-woo worked as a youth coach in Suwon Bluewings from 2015 to 2017. And He has served as a head coach since 2018 under Kim Dae-eui who is the football manager of Suwon FC.
Career statistics
Club
International
Results list South Korea's goal tally first.
Honours
Suwon Samsung Bluewings
FA Cup runner-up: 2006
K-League runner-up: 2006
Samsung Hauzen Cup: 2008
K League Classic: 2008
The Pan Pacific Championship: 2009
FA Cup: 2009, 2010
Daejeon Citizen
FA Cup: 2001
Hauzen Cup runner-up: 2004
The Korean Super Cup: runner-up 2002
Individual
Most Valuable Player Award at the National Football Championship: 1995
Puma Best 11 MF Part: 2002
Hummel Korea Sports Today Award for this year's Player of the Year: 2002
Hummel Korea Sports Today Best 11: 2003
K-League Allstar Award: 2003
Kika Goal Award:2003
K League Best XI: 2003. 2006, 2007
S.League Player of the Month Of April: 2013
YEO's Player of the Year: 2013
References
External links
National Team Player Record
news.asiaone.com
1978 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
South Korean men's footballers
South Korean expatriate men's footballers
South Korea men's international footballers
Daejeon Hana Citizen players
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
Lion City Sailors FC players
K League 1 players
Singapore Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Singapore
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Singapore
Footballers from Seoul
Hanyang University alumni
South Korean Buddhists |
Alviso is a district of San Jose, California, located in North San Jose on the southern shores of San Francisco Bay. Originally an independent town, founded in 1852, today Alviso is San Jose's only waterfront district, primarily residential in nature, with several Silicon Valley tech companies and recreation-oriented businesses. Alviso is named after 19th-century Californio ranchero Ignacio Alviso, who owned the area as part of his Rancho Rincón de Los Esteros.
The Guadalupe River separates Alviso from Santa Clara and Sunnyvale to the west, while Coyote Creek separates Alviso from Milpitas to the east. Alviso is the lowest point in the San Francisco Bay Area at below sea level.
History
Alviso was first settled in the 18th century. The community was named for Ignacio Alviso, the son of Corporal Domingo Alviso, one of the original members of the de Anza expedition. Corporal Alviso lived but a short time after reaching San Francisco and was buried March 11, 1777. Alviso's descendants were granted the Rancho Rincón de los Esteros holding. In 1840 Ignacio Alviso moved from Mission Santa Clara de Asís to this ranchero. From this port, beaver pelts, cattle hides and tallow went to San Francisco.
The city of Alviso was incorporated and became the first chartered city in the State of California on March 26, 1852, as the boating and shipping port of San José and the transportation hub for the Santa Clara Valley to the San Francisco Bay. Steamboats traveled regularly between San Francisco and Alviso. That usage declined with the growth in railroad transportation between San Francisco and San José. In 1864 Alviso was bypassed by the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad, (later part of the Southern Pacific Railroad). However, in the 1880s Alviso was a stop on the Newark line of Southern Pacific Railroad between San José and Oakland.
Alviso was the home to a series of several successful business ventures. Alviso Mills, founded in 1853, at its peak produced up to 300 barrels of flour a day. As wheat production in the San Joaquín Valley grew, production in the Santa Clara Valley waned and the Alviso Mills closed in 1885. In 1906, Sai Yin Chew opened the Bayside Canning Company there, and at its peak, under his son Thomas Foon Chew, was the 3rd largest cannery in the United States. During The Depression Alviso was known for its dance halls and gambling establishments. In the 1960s and 1970s a small independent boat building community developed there.
The city ceased to exist when it was consolidated with the City of San Jose on March 12, 1968, following a 189 to 180 vote in favor of consolidation. The city's final census was in 1960 when it recorded a population of 1,174. The United States Postal Service still recognizes "Alviso" as a place name. Mail is not delivered in Alviso, but must be picked up at the post office.
After the 1970s, Alviso was treated like a socioeconomic backwater of the prospering Silicon Valley business community and struggled to restore its former vitality. On October 9, 1973, were added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Santa Clara County, California as site 73000449 under the name Alviso Historic District. The listing cited 11 historic structures and alternative name Embarcadero de Santa Clara, although exact boundaries were not disclosed. The floods of the early 1980s were devastating to Alviso, especially because Alviso is below sea level and is on marshland. Water was as much as 10 feet (3 m) deep in some locations. A number of homes and businesses were destroyed. Some of the picturesque character of the town was lost.
Shipping and industry have left Alviso, leaving it mostly as a small residential neighborhood. Digital video recorder company TiVo and Polycom have their corporate headquarters in Alviso. Many salt evaporation ponds formerly owned by Cargill in the neighborhood are being converted to wetlands as part of the Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge.
Throughout the 20th Century, Alviso has been victim to severe flooding, most recently in 1983 and 1995.
As of 2021, Amtrak trains and the Altamont Commuter Express still cross through Alviso on the Coast Line (Union Pacific Railroad).
Demographics
2020
The 2020 census reported that Alviso had a population of 2,251. With a total of 558 households with an average size of 4.03 people and 428 families. The racial makeup of Alviso was 539 (23.9%) White, 316 (14.0%) Asian (4.9% Indian, 3.5% Vietnamese 3.3% Chinese and 1.1% Filipino), 38 (1.7%) Native American, 1,200 (53.3%) from other races, and 109 (4.8%) from two or more races. There were 1,374 residents of Hispanic or Latino background (61%). 59.6% of the neighborhood's population was of Mexican descent.
2000 census
The U.S. Census Bureau provides demographic information for the 95002 Zip Code Tabulation Area, which includes the former City of Alviso. (See map of the 95002 Zip Code Tabulation Area.) As of the census of 2000, there were 2,128 people, 506 households, and 400 families residing in the CDP. There were 514 housing units.
The racial makeup of the CDP was 40.8% White, 0.6% African American, 1.1% Native American, 2.7% Asian, 50.5% from other races, and 4.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 75.4% of the population.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $87,679, and the median income for a family was $105,827. Males had a median income of $58,750 versus $56,875 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $62,452. About 3.8% of families and 5.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.4% of those sixty five or over.
Attractions
Alviso Marina County Park
This bayside park, though small in size, offers a great deal of activities within its boundaries and on into the Wildlife Refuge. The first phase of improvements, which included construction of a boardwalk, trails, observation deck, signage, picnic areas, and improvements to the parking lot, was completed in 2005. A second phase, completed in 2010, added new boat launch ramps, a parking lot for boat trailers, and wetland mitigation areas. Both the pathways and boardwalks of the County Park and trails around the ponds in the adjacent Wildlife Refuge offer fantastic views of the mountains surrounding the bay, and of the wildlife that call these ponds home.
Dogs are allowed in the County Park's pathways and picnic areas, but are not allowed on the trails, levees and boardwalks. Bicycles are allowed on all pathways and trails in the park, but should be walked when on the boardwalks. The launch ramp provides one of the few clear routes in the San Jose area through the salt marshes out to the open waters of the San Francisco Bay.
Day on the Bay
Every year on a Sunday in October Alviso celebrates Day on the Bay, a multicultural event, free for all, sponsored by Santa Clara County. Day on the Bay attracts families with music, food, booths for community organizations, Halloween pumpkins, kayak rides, and other activities.
Day on the Bay began on October 16, 2010, to celebrate the opening of the newly renovated Marina Park. About 5,000 people were in attendance from all around the county. The event was created to celebrate the new city attraction but also to attract a diverse crowd to the outdoor recreational setting.
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge
Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, the first urban National Wildlife Refuge established in the United States, is dedicated to preserving and enhancing wildlife habitat, protecting migratory birds, protecting threatened and endangered species, and providing opportunities for wildlife-oriented recreation and nature study for the surrounding communities.
As of 2004, the Refuge spans of open bay, salt pond, salt marsh, mudflat, upland and vernal pool habitats located throughout south San Francisco Bay. Located along the Pacific Flyway, the Refuge hosts over 280 species of birds each year. Millions of shorebirds and waterfowl stop to refuel at the Refuge during the spring and fall migration.
In addition to its seasonal visitors, the Refuge provides critical habitat to resident species like the endangered Ridgway's rail and salt marsh harvest mouse.
The Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge is part of a complex made up of six other wildlife refuges in the San Francisco Bay Area. Founded in 1974 and administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, It was renamed Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge in 1995 in recognition of Congressman Don Edwards' efforts to protect sensitive wetlands in south San Francisco Bay.
Landmarks
Bayside Cannery
The Bayside Cannery is a historic Mission Revival style building in Alviso, built in 1906. Originally founded as the Precita Canning Co. in San Francisco, the cannery moved to Alviso following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Bayside Cannery grew to be the third largest canning company in the world, after Del Monte and Libby Cannery. It was closed in 1936 and the property is currently used by the San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory.
Laine Store
The Laine Store at 996 Elizabeth Street, was run by the Tilden family from 1865 to 1912. In the 1920s it became a Chinese gambling hall. After the 1983 flood, the store was abandoned and fell into disrepair. In 2017 it collapsed and the debris was removed.
Tilden–Laine House
An Italianate–Victorian home built in 1887 by Susan Tilden, and located on Elizabeth Street. The home is still occupied by the Laine family; Thomas Laine and Beverly Laine.
Wade Warehouse
The H. G. Wade Warehouse was built in 1860 and used for storage of grain and hay prior to shipment to San Francisco, and also for Wells Fargo horse-drawn carriages. It was a City of San Jose historic landmark. It was destroyed by fire in June 2021.
References
Further reading
External links
City of San José, Council District 4
Alviso branch of San José Public Library system
History of Alviso and Alviso Schools
History of the Alviso Neighborhood
1852 establishments in California
1968 disestablishments in California
Former municipalities in California
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in California
History of Santa Clara County, California
Neighborhoods in San Jose, California
National Register of Historic Places in Santa Clara County, California
Populated coastal places in California
Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in California |
```javascript
export * from './Article';
export * from './LoadingArticle';
export * from './PodcastArticle';
``` |
The Buckeystown Historic District includes the majority of the small town of Buckeystown, Maryland, an unincorporated community located in Frederick County, Maryland, USA. It is named for George Buckey, a tanner, and his brother, John Buckey, a blacksmith and tavern owner. Buckeystown is on the U.S National Register of Historic Places and the Maryland Civil War Trail due to its rich history and beautiful examples of Queen Anne and Victorian style houses, along with a small commercial center. Each historic home has a plaque indicating the year built, the earliest being circa 1780. There are also several historical information plaques installed along the main street.
History
The land Buckeystown now sits on was once called "Good Luck." It began as a parcel given to Meredith Davis by the King of England in 1731. Over time, more land was added to the original tract. A road that stretched from Pennsylvania to Florida bisected the town and sealed the area's fate: it was the perfect place for enterprising families to settle. The town grew due to the prosperity of several businesses which took advantage of the natural resources the location provided. Two mills were located along the Monocacy River, which runs behind the southside of town, the tannery and an ice creamery utilized a natural spring, and a brickworks used the naturally occurring lime.
Buckeystown enjoyed 100 years of prosperity from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. Several wealthy families began to dominate the town's social scene. These families built the lavish mansions and proud stone homes which still grace the main streets today. Buckeystown's early industrial center gradually faded, leaving a well-preserved residential district with a particular emphasis on the 1870-1910 period.
The main thoroughfare, currently known as Buckeystown Pike or Maryland State Highway 85, was used during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Soldiers marched through town towards decisive battles, following leaders including Stonewall Jackson and General Robert E. Lee.
Present day
The small community of Buckeystown has several businesses including Hedgeapple Farm, the Buckeystown Market (a pub), the Frederick Inn Bed and Breakfast (formally known as The Inn at Buckeystown), Bodmers Stoves and Pottery, Maynes Farm, a convenience store and gas station, an antique store, two car clinics, a law firm and a veterinary hospital. Buckeystown Park, by the river on Michael's Mill Road, provides residents with grills, horseshoe pits, picnic shelters and a jungle gym. Four books have been written about Buckeystown history and architecture by resident, Nancy Bodmer. Until recently the town held Victorian House Tours.
Demographics
The median age for Buckeystown residents is 42.0. There are 39 men and 29 women. Buckeystown is located at 39.334N and -77.431W. Average town elevation is 334 feet.
References
External links
The B&B; http://www.innatbuckeystown.com/
The vet hospital: http://www.buckeystownvet.com/
The pub: https://web.archive.org/web/20100625083901/http://www.eatinfrederick.com/Restaurant/474/Buckeystown-Market/
The Buckeystown park:http://www.co.frederick.md.us/index.asp?NID=2926
, including 2006 photo, at Maryland Historical Trust
Boundary Map of the Buckeystown Historic District, Frederick County, at Maryland Historical Trust
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Maryland
Queen Anne architecture in Maryland
Colonial Revival architecture in Maryland
Historic districts in Frederick County, Maryland
National Register of Historic Places in Frederick County, Maryland |
CFTC may refer to:
Commodity Futures Trading Commission, an American federal agency that regulates U.S. derivatives markets
Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (French Confederation of Christian Workers), a major French confederation of trade unions
Commonwealth Fund for Technical Cooperation, a Commonwealth of Nations programme |
National Mourning Day of Bangladesh is celebrated as a national day in Bangladesh. On 15 August of every year, the day is observed with mourning. The black flag is hoisted as well as the national flag is kept at half-mast.
History
On 15 August 1975, the first president of independent Bangladesh and the "father of the nation" who is also called "Bangabandhu," Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed by a group of army personnel, along with his family at his house in Dhanmondi in the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka. Besides him, his wife Bangamata Begum Fazilatunnesa Mujib was killed that day. Besides, 16 more people were killed along with their family members and relatives.
In 1996, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's daughter, bypassed her parliament and promulgated the national day of remembrance by decree. The ordinance was later ratified by her parliament in a bill. When the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) came to power in 2001, they reversed the bill. Awami League (AL) stalwarts continued to observe the anniversary, but without government recognition. In 2008, the caretaker government reintroduced the holiday. Sociologist Hasanuzzaman Chowdhury wrote that Khaleda Zia, leader of the BNP and former prime minister, shifted the observance of her birthday to 15 August to defy the AL and mock the commemoration.
Activities
The government has made it obligatory for schools and other public institutions to observe the holiday, and granted universities funds to organize events on the day.
Government officials and Awami League supporters commemorate the day by laying wreaths, making speeches, and attending special prayers. Anthropologist Mascha Schultz has described a striking absence of the general public, those not involved in politics or compelled to attend, from commemoration events.
References
Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Public holidays in Bangladesh
Annual events in Bangladesh
August observances
Observances honoring the dead |
```lua
--
require "lv_kit"
local scrW, scrH= System:screenSize()
pageView = PagerView{
PageCount = 3,
Pages = {
Init = function(page, pos)
page.button = Button()
end,
Layout = function(page, pos)
page.button:title(""..pos)
page.button:frame(0, 0, scrW, 200)
page.button:backgroundColor(0x777777);
page.button:callback( function()
print("",pos,"");
pageView:currentPage(pos+1);
print(pageView:currentPage() );
end)
end
},
Callback = {
Scrolling = function( pageIndex, percent , offset )
print("Scrolling", pageIndex, percent, offset)
end,
ScrollEnd = function( pageIndex )
print("ScrollEnd", pageIndex )
end
}
};
pageView:frame(0, 0, scrW, scrH-64 )
indicator = PagerIndicator();
indicator:pageColor(0xff00FF);
pageView:indicator( indicator );
indicator:frame(0,10,scrW,100);
pageView:autoScroll(1, false)
``` |
The Palmer BB Machine Gun is a training weapon capable of firing ball bearings.
During World War II, the USAAF and US Navy used thousands of Palmer BB machine guns to hone the skills of aerial gunnery. This much larger gun is cycled by an electric solenoid and powered by compressed air. The air pressure is higher, at 180-200 psi, but the velocity runs between 500 and 600 f.p.s.
References
Air guns of the United States |
Eternity () is a controversial 1943 Chinese film made in Japanese-occupied Shanghai during the Second World War. The film was a collaborative effort between the Japanese-controlled Manchukuo Film Association and Chinese filmmakers that remained in Shanghai under the Japanese-controlled Zhonglian Productions ("United China") brand.
Telling the story of Lin Zexu and the First Opium War, the film was designed by producers Kawakita Nagamasa and Zhang Shankun to offer "an interpretive fluidity to accommodate every spectator's ideological position." For Japanese audiences, the film could be read as anti-Western, as promoting the ostensibly "anti-colonialist" agenda of the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere. To Chinese audiences, on the other hand, the film promoted a spirit of resistance to a foreign enemy – namely, Japan – and upon its release garnered the largest audience in Chinese cinematic history. Ultimately the film (and the Shanghai filmmakers) was seen as tools of the enemy once the war was over, with many involved in the production (notably directors Bu Wancang, Ma-Xu Weibang, and Zhu Shilin) eventually moving to Hong Kong due to the hostile environment.
Cast
Chen Yunshang as Zhang Jingxian
Li Xianglan (Japanese name Yamaguchi Yoshiko)
Gao Zhanfei as Lin Zexu
Yuan Meiyun
Wang Yin
Production history
In 1939, the Japanese had formed the China Movie Company ("Zhongdian") to make Japanese propaganda shorts. By 1941, Zhongdian signed a deal with the head of the Xinhua Film Company, Zhang Shankun, followed quickly by two other deals with the Yihua Film Company and the Guohua Film Company.
Casting
The film was cast primarily with Chinese actors out of (what remained) of the Shanghai studio system (now under the control of Zhonglian). One major star cast, however, was the Manchuria-born Japanese actress Yoshiko Yamaguchi. Though she had already starred in several Chinese features under her Chinese name of Li Xianglan, Yamaguchi was a seeming outlier in the cast of Eternity. She was, therefore, an indication of the control the Japanese exercised over the Chinese film industry in Shanghai. (ref "Her Traces are Found Everywhere" 227, Shelly Stevenson, in Cinema and Urban Culture in Shanghai 1922-1943) Helped by the massive pop hits, "Candy-Peddling Song" (賣糖歌) and "Quitting (opium) Song" (戒煙歌), the film would catapult Li into stardom, as her earlier works had been in films so blatantly pro-Japanese, as to turn off most of the Chinese audience (Shelly, 227).
Notes
References
Fu, Poshek "Resistance in Collaboration: Chinese Cinema in Occupied Shanghai" in Chinese Collaboration with Japan, 1932-1945: The Limits of Accommodation. David, Barrett P. ed. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001)
Yoshiko Yamaguchi. "Fragrant Orchid: The Story of My Early Life." Trans. Chia-ning Chang (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Pres, 2015)
External links
Eternity from the Chinese Movie Database
1943 films
Films set in 19th-century Qing dynasty
1940s Mandarin-language films
Films directed by Bu Wancang
Films directed by Ma-Xu Weibang
Chinese black-and-white films |
```c++
/*
All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
#ifndef SHM_BUFFER_HPP
#define SHM_BUFFER_HPP
#include <ndb_global.h>
#include <NdbSleep.h>
/**
* These classes implement a circular buffer
*
* One reader and one writer
*/
/**
* SHM_Reader
*
* Use as follows:
* getReadPtr(ptr, sz);
* for(int i = 0; i<sz; i++)
* printf("%c\n", ptr[i]);
* updateReadPtr(sz);
*/
class SHM_Reader {
public:
SHM_Reader(char * const _startOfBuffer,
Uint32 _sizeOfBuffer,
Uint32 _slack,
Uint32 * _readIndex,
Uint32 * _writeIndex) :
m_startOfBuffer(_startOfBuffer),
m_totalBufferSize(_sizeOfBuffer),
m_bufferSize(_sizeOfBuffer - _slack),
m_sharedReadIndex(_readIndex),
m_sharedWriteIndex(_writeIndex)
{
}
void clear() {
m_readIndex = 0;
}
/**
*
*/
inline bool empty() const;
/**
* Get read pointer
*
* returns ptr - where to start reading
* sz - how much can I read
*/
inline void getReadPtr(Uint32 * & ptr, Uint32 * & eod);
/**
* Update read ptr
*/
inline void updateReadPtr(Uint32 *ptr);
private:
char * const m_startOfBuffer;
Uint32 m_totalBufferSize;
Uint32 m_bufferSize;
Uint32 m_readIndex;
Uint32 * m_sharedReadIndex;
Uint32 * m_sharedWriteIndex;
};
inline
bool
SHM_Reader::empty() const{
bool ret = (m_readIndex == * m_sharedWriteIndex);
return ret;
}
/**
* Get read pointer
*
* returns ptr - where to start reading
* sz - how much can I read
*/
inline
void
SHM_Reader::getReadPtr(Uint32 * & ptr, Uint32 * & eod)
{
Uint32 tReadIndex = m_readIndex;
Uint32 tWriteIndex = * m_sharedWriteIndex;
ptr = (Uint32*)&m_startOfBuffer[tReadIndex];
if(tReadIndex <= tWriteIndex){
eod = (Uint32*)&m_startOfBuffer[tWriteIndex];
} else {
eod = (Uint32*)&m_startOfBuffer[m_bufferSize];
}
}
/**
* Update read ptr
*/
inline
void
SHM_Reader::updateReadPtr(Uint32 *ptr)
{
Uint32 tReadIndex = ((char*)ptr) - m_startOfBuffer;
assert(tReadIndex < m_totalBufferSize);
if(tReadIndex >= m_bufferSize){
tReadIndex = 0;
}
m_readIndex = tReadIndex;
* m_sharedReadIndex = tReadIndex;
}
#define WRITER_SLACK 4
class SHM_Writer {
public:
SHM_Writer(char * const _startOfBuffer,
Uint32 _sizeOfBuffer,
Uint32 _slack,
Uint32 * _readIndex,
Uint32 * _writeIndex) :
m_startOfBuffer(_startOfBuffer),
m_totalBufferSize(_sizeOfBuffer),
m_bufferSize(_sizeOfBuffer - _slack),
m_sharedReadIndex(_readIndex),
m_sharedWriteIndex(_writeIndex)
{
}
void clear() {
m_writeIndex = 0;
}
inline char * getWritePtr(Uint32 sz);
inline void updateWritePtr(Uint32 sz);
inline Uint32 getWriteIndex() const { return m_writeIndex;}
inline Uint32 getBufferSize() const { return m_bufferSize;}
inline Uint32 get_free_buffer() const;
inline void copyIndexes(SHM_Writer * standbyWriter);
/* Write struct iovec into buffer. */
inline Uint32 writev(const struct iovec *vec, int count);
private:
char * const m_startOfBuffer;
Uint32 m_totalBufferSize;
Uint32 m_bufferSize;
Uint32 m_writeIndex;
Uint32 * m_sharedReadIndex;
Uint32 * m_sharedWriteIndex;
};
inline
char *
SHM_Writer::getWritePtr(Uint32 sz){
Uint32 tReadIndex = * m_sharedReadIndex;
Uint32 tWriteIndex = m_writeIndex;
char * ptr = &m_startOfBuffer[tWriteIndex];
Uint32 free;
if(tReadIndex <= tWriteIndex){
free = m_bufferSize + tReadIndex - tWriteIndex;
} else {
free = tReadIndex - tWriteIndex;
}
sz += 4;
if(sz < free){
return ptr;
}
return 0;
}
inline
void
SHM_Writer::updateWritePtr(Uint32 sz){
assert(m_writeIndex == * m_sharedWriteIndex);
Uint32 tWriteIndex = m_writeIndex;
tWriteIndex += sz;
assert(tWriteIndex < m_totalBufferSize);
if(tWriteIndex >= m_bufferSize){
tWriteIndex = 0;
}
m_writeIndex = tWriteIndex;
* m_sharedWriteIndex = tWriteIndex;
}
inline
Uint32
SHM_Writer::get_free_buffer() const
{
Uint32 tReadIndex = * m_sharedReadIndex;
Uint32 tWriteIndex = m_writeIndex;
Uint32 free;
if(tReadIndex <= tWriteIndex){
free = m_bufferSize + tReadIndex - tWriteIndex;
} else {
free = tReadIndex - tWriteIndex;
}
return free;
}
inline
Uint32
SHM_Writer::writev(const struct iovec *vec, int count)
{
Uint32 tReadIndex = * m_sharedReadIndex;
Uint32 tWriteIndex = m_writeIndex;
/**
* Loop over iovec entries, copying into the shared memory buffer.
*
* The free buffer space may be split with one part after currently used data
* and one part before. Dealing with this is complicated by the way that the
* SHM transporter is designed, it assumes signals are never split. So
* buffer wrap-over is defined at the end of the first signal to cross
* m_bufferSize (there is extra slack in the buffer to make this possible).
*
* This means that we need to scan the signal data to find the correct place
* to wrap over in the buffer.
*/
Uint32 total = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
unsigned char *ptr = (unsigned char *)vec[i].iov_base;
Uint32 remain = vec[i].iov_len;
Uint32 segment;
Uint32 maxBytes;
if (tReadIndex <= tWriteIndex)
{
/* Free buffer is split in two. */
if (tWriteIndex + remain > m_bufferSize)
maxBytes = (m_bufferSize - tWriteIndex)/4;
else
maxBytes = remain/4;
segment = 4*TransporterRegistry::unpack_length_words((Uint32 *)ptr,
maxBytes/4);
if (segment > 0)
memcpy(m_startOfBuffer + tWriteIndex, ptr, segment);
remain -= segment;
total += segment;
ptr += segment;
tWriteIndex = 0;
if (remain > 0)
{
if (remain > tReadIndex)
maxBytes = tReadIndex;
else
maxBytes = remain;
segment = 4*TransporterRegistry::unpack_length_words((Uint32 *)ptr,
maxBytes/4);
if (segment > 0)
memcpy(m_startOfBuffer, ptr, segment);
total += segment;
tWriteIndex = segment;
if (remain > segment)
break; // No more room
}
}
else
{
if (tWriteIndex + remain > tReadIndex)
maxBytes = tReadIndex - tWriteIndex;
else
maxBytes = remain;
segment = 4*TransporterRegistry::unpack_length_words((Uint32 *)ptr,
maxBytes/4);
if (segment > 0)
memcpy(m_startOfBuffer + tWriteIndex, ptr, segment);
total += segment;
tWriteIndex += segment;
if (remain > segment)
break; // No more room
}
}
m_writeIndex = tWriteIndex;
*m_sharedWriteIndex = tWriteIndex;
return total;
}
#endif
``` |
The year 1785 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings.
Events
May 20 – The United States Land Ordinance of 1785 determines the layout of townships in the western territories.
July 17 – A groundbreaking ceremony is held for the Pella Palace in Russia, designed by Ivan Starov; it will never be completed.
Buildings and structures
Buildings completed
May 19 – Plaza de Toros de Ronda, Spain.
September 7 – Notre-Dame de Guebwiller inaugurated.
Attingham Park, Shropshire, England, designed by George Steuart.
Chertsey Bridge over the River Thames in England, designed by James Paine and Kenton Couse.
Marble Palace in Saint Petersburg, Russia, designed by Antonio Rinaldi.
Church of St. Stephen Harding in Apátistvánfalva.
Odigitrievsky Cathedral in Ulan Ude, Russia.
Palace of Iturbide in Mexico City, designed by Francisco Antonio de Guerrero y Torres.
Grand Palace, Bangkok, completed.
Rebuilding of Babolovo Palace in Tsarskoe Selo, Russia, by Ilya Neyelov.
Modifications to Neue Kirche, Berlin, by Georg Christian Unger after a design by Carl von Gontard.
Mussenden Temple on the north coast of Ireland.
Births
October 29 – Achille Leclère, French architect (died 1853)
William Cubitt, English civil engineer (died 1861)
Deaths
August 11 – Marie-Joseph Peyre, French architect (born 1730)
September 26 – Ventura Rodríguez, Spanish architect and artist (born 1717)
References
Architecture
Years in architecture
18th-century architecture |
Dracula: Crazy Vampire is a 2001 action game for the Game Boy Color developed by Planet Interactive Development and published by DreamCatcher Interactive. The game was licensed as part of the Universal Studios Monsters franchise used for Universal Studios books and toys featuring Count Dracula.
Gameplay
Dracula is a top-down action game in which the player as Count Dracula is tasked with uniting vampires across eleven countries against Great Inquisitor Torquemada. Players navigate a series of maze-like levels and using bats to defeat enemies, whilst solving a number of rudimentary puzzles such as moving crates or flipping door switches. Dracula features several mechanics specific to vampire mythology, including a health system that requires the player to suck blood from human enemies, and draining health when the player is exposed to sunlight.
Reception
Dracula received mixed to negative reviews. Game Boy Extreme dismissed the game as "nothing special", with "no character progression (and) no plot", with Jamie Wilks finding the game to be a "rather dull adventure game" that contained "hours of ridiculous dialogue and repetitive combat."
References
External links
2001 video games
DreamCatcher Interactive games
Game Boy Color games
Game Boy Color-only games
Planet Interactive Development games
Single-player video games
Universal Monsters
Video games based on Dracula |
```java
package com.egzosn.pay.ali.bean;
/**
*
* @author Egan
* <pre>
* email egzosn@gmail.com
* date 2020/10/8
* </pre>
*/
public final class AliPayConst {
private AliPayConst() {
}
/**
*
*/
public static final String HTTPS_REQ_URL = "path_to_url";
/**
*
*/
public static final String DEV_REQ_URL = "path_to_url";
public static final String SIGN = "sign";
public static final String SUCCESS_CODE = "10000";
public static final String CODE = "code";
/**
*
*/
public static final String PASSBACK_PARAMS = "passback_params";
/**
*
*/
public static final String PRODUCT_CODE = "product_code";
/**
*
*/
public static final String RETURN_URL = "return_url";
/**
*
*/
public static final String NOTIFY_URL = "notify_url";
/**
*
*/
public static final String BIZ_CONTENT = "biz_content";
/**
*
*/
public static final String APP_AUTH_TOKEN = "app_auth_token";
/**
*
*/
public static final String PAYEE_INFO = "payee_info";
/**
*
*/
public static final String ALIPAY_CERT_SN_FIELD = "alipay_cert_sn";
/**
*
*/
public static final String EXTEND_PARAMS = "extend_params";
public static final String BIZ_TYPE = "biz_type";
public static final String REFUND_REASON = "refund_reason";
public static final String QUERY_OPTIONS = "query_options";
public static final String OUT_REQUEST_NO = "out_request_no";
/**
*
*/
public static final String QUIT_URL = "quit_url";
/**
* ALIAPP
*/
public static final String REQUEST_FROM_URL = "request_from_url";
public static final String DBACK_AMOUNT = "dback_amount";
}
``` |
```yaml
### YamlMime: ContextObject
brand: windows
breadcrumb_path: ../breadcrumb/toc.yml
toc_rel: ../toc.yml
``` |
```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.windmill.work.processing;
import static org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.DataflowRunner.hasExperiment;
import com.google.api.services.dataflow.model.MapTask;
import java.util.function.Function;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.internal.CustomSources;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.options.DataflowWorkerHarnessOptions;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.util.CloudObject;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.util.CloudObjects;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.DataflowExecutionContext;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.DataflowExecutionStateSampler;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.DataflowMapTaskExecutor;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.DataflowMapTaskExecutorFactory;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.IntrinsicMapTaskExecutorFactory;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.ReaderCache;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.ReaderRegistry;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.SinkRegistry;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.StreamingDataflowWorker;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.StreamingModeExecutionContext;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.WindmillKeyedWorkItem;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.counters.CounterSet;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.counters.NameContext;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.graph.Edges.Edge;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.graph.MapTaskToNetworkFunction;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.graph.Networks;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.graph.Nodes;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.graph.Nodes.Node;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.profiler.ScopedProfiler;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.streaming.ComputationState;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.streaming.ComputationWorkExecutor;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.streaming.StageInfo;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.util.common.worker.MapTaskExecutor;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.util.common.worker.OutputObjectAndByteCounter;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.util.common.worker.ReadOperation;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.worker.windmill.state.WindmillStateCache;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.Coder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.KvCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.fn.IdGenerator;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue;
import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v32_1_2_jre.com.google.common.graph.MutableNetwork;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/** Factory class for generating {@link ComputationWorkExecutor} instances. */
final class ComputationWorkExecutorFactory {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ComputationWorkExecutorFactory.class);
private static final String DISABLE_SINK_BYTE_LIMIT_EXPERIMENT =
"disable_limiting_bundle_sink_bytes";
private final DataflowWorkerHarnessOptions options;
private final DataflowMapTaskExecutorFactory mapTaskExecutorFactory;
private final ReaderCache readerCache;
private final Function<String, WindmillStateCache.ForComputation> stateCacheFactory;
private final ReaderRegistry readerRegistry;
private final SinkRegistry sinkRegistry;
private final DataflowExecutionStateSampler sampler;
private final CounterSet pendingDeltaCounters;
/**
* Function which converts map tasks to their network representation for execution.
*
* <ul>
* <li>Translate the map task to a network representation.
* <li>Remove flatten instructions by rewiring edges.
* </ul>
*/
private final Function<MapTask, MutableNetwork<Node, Edge>> mapTaskToNetwork;
private final long maxSinkBytes;
private final IdGenerator idGenerator;
ComputationWorkExecutorFactory(
DataflowWorkerHarnessOptions options,
DataflowMapTaskExecutorFactory mapTaskExecutorFactory,
ReaderCache readerCache,
Function<String, WindmillStateCache.ForComputation> stateCacheFactory,
DataflowExecutionStateSampler sampler,
CounterSet pendingDeltaCounters,
IdGenerator idGenerator) {
this.options = options;
this.mapTaskExecutorFactory = mapTaskExecutorFactory;
this.readerCache = readerCache;
this.stateCacheFactory = stateCacheFactory;
this.idGenerator = idGenerator;
this.readerRegistry = ReaderRegistry.defaultRegistry();
this.sinkRegistry = SinkRegistry.defaultRegistry();
this.sampler = sampler;
this.pendingDeltaCounters = pendingDeltaCounters;
this.mapTaskToNetwork = new MapTaskToNetworkFunction(idGenerator);
this.maxSinkBytes =
hasExperiment(options, DISABLE_SINK_BYTE_LIMIT_EXPERIMENT)
? Long.MAX_VALUE
: StreamingDataflowWorker.MAX_SINK_BYTES;
}
private static Nodes.ParallelInstructionNode extractReadNode(
MutableNetwork<Node, Edge> mapTaskNetwork) {
return (Nodes.ParallelInstructionNode)
Iterables.find(
mapTaskNetwork.nodes(),
node ->
node instanceof Nodes.ParallelInstructionNode
&& ((Nodes.ParallelInstructionNode) node).getParallelInstruction().getRead()
!= null);
}
private static boolean isCustomSource(Nodes.ParallelInstructionNode readNode) {
return CustomSources.class
.getName()
.equals(readNode.getParallelInstruction().getRead().getSource().getSpec().get("@type"));
}
private static void trackAutoscalingBytesRead(
MapTask mapTask,
Nodes.ParallelInstructionNode readNode,
Coder<?> readCoder,
ReadOperation readOperation,
MapTaskExecutor mapTaskExecutor,
String counterName) {
NameContext nameContext =
NameContext.create(
mapTask.getStageName(),
readNode.getParallelInstruction().getOriginalName(),
readNode.getParallelInstruction().getSystemName(),
readNode.getParallelInstruction().getName());
readOperation.receivers[0].addOutputCounter(
counterName,
new OutputObjectAndByteCounter(
new IntrinsicMapTaskExecutorFactory.ElementByteSizeObservableCoder<>(readCoder),
mapTaskExecutor.getOutputCounters(),
nameContext)
.setSamplingPeriod(100)
.countBytes(counterName));
}
private static ReadOperation getValidatedReadOperation(MapTaskExecutor mapTaskExecutor) {
ReadOperation readOperation = mapTaskExecutor.getReadOperation();
// Disable progress updates since its results are unused for streaming
// and involves starting a thread.
readOperation.setProgressUpdatePeriodMs(ReadOperation.DONT_UPDATE_PERIODICALLY);
Preconditions.checkState(
mapTaskExecutor.supportsRestart(),
"Streaming runner requires all operations support restart.");
return readOperation;
}
ComputationWorkExecutor createComputationWorkExecutor(
StageInfo stageInfo, ComputationState computationState, String workLatencyTrackingId) {
MapTask mapTask = computationState.getMapTask();
MutableNetwork<Node, Edge> mapTaskNetwork = mapTaskToNetwork.apply(mapTask);
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Network as Graphviz .dot: {}", Networks.toDot(mapTaskNetwork));
}
Nodes.ParallelInstructionNode readNode = extractReadNode(mapTaskNetwork);
Nodes.InstructionOutputNode readOutputNode =
(Nodes.InstructionOutputNode) Iterables.getOnlyElement(mapTaskNetwork.successors(readNode));
DataflowExecutionContext.DataflowExecutionStateTracker executionStateTracker =
createExecutionStateTracker(stageInfo, mapTask, workLatencyTrackingId);
StreamingModeExecutionContext context =
createExecutionContext(computationState, stageInfo, executionStateTracker);
DataflowMapTaskExecutor mapTaskExecutor =
createMapTaskExecutor(context, mapTask, mapTaskNetwork);
ReadOperation readOperation = getValidatedReadOperation(mapTaskExecutor);
Coder<?> readCoder =
CloudObjects.coderFromCloudObject(
CloudObject.fromSpec(readOutputNode.getInstructionOutput().getCodec()));
Coder<?> keyCoder = extractKeyCoder(readCoder);
// If using a custom source, count bytes read for autoscaling.
if (isCustomSource(readNode)) {
trackAutoscalingBytesRead(
mapTask,
readNode,
readCoder,
readOperation,
mapTaskExecutor,
computationState.sourceBytesProcessCounterName());
}
ComputationWorkExecutor.Builder executionStateBuilder =
ComputationWorkExecutor.builder()
.setWorkExecutor(mapTaskExecutor)
.setContext(context)
.setExecutionStateTracker(executionStateTracker);
if (keyCoder != null) {
executionStateBuilder.setKeyCoder(keyCoder);
}
return executionStateBuilder.build();
}
/**
* Extracts the userland key coder, if any, from the coder used in the initial read step of a
* stage. This encodes many assumptions about how the streaming execution context works.
*/
private @Nullable Coder<?> extractKeyCoder(Coder<?> readCoder) {
if (!(readCoder instanceof WindowedValue.WindowedValueCoder)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
String.format(
"Expected coder for streaming read to be %s, but received %s",
WindowedValue.WindowedValueCoder.class.getSimpleName(), readCoder));
}
// Note that TimerOrElementCoder is a backwards-compatibility class
// that is really a FakeKeyedWorkItemCoder
Coder<?> valueCoder = ((WindowedValue.WindowedValueCoder<?>) readCoder).getValueCoder();
if (valueCoder instanceof KvCoder<?, ?>) {
return ((KvCoder<?, ?>) valueCoder).getKeyCoder();
}
if (!(valueCoder instanceof WindmillKeyedWorkItem.FakeKeyedWorkItemCoder<?, ?>)) {
return null;
}
return ((WindmillKeyedWorkItem.FakeKeyedWorkItemCoder<?, ?>) valueCoder).getKeyCoder();
}
private StreamingModeExecutionContext createExecutionContext(
ComputationState computationState,
StageInfo stageInfo,
DataflowExecutionContext.DataflowExecutionStateTracker executionStateTracker) {
String computationId = computationState.getComputationId();
return new StreamingModeExecutionContext(
pendingDeltaCounters,
computationId,
readerCache,
computationState.getTransformUserNameToStateFamily(),
stateCacheFactory.apply(computationId),
stageInfo.metricsContainerRegistry(),
executionStateTracker,
stageInfo.executionStateRegistry(),
maxSinkBytes);
}
private DataflowMapTaskExecutor createMapTaskExecutor(
StreamingModeExecutionContext context,
MapTask mapTask,
MutableNetwork<Node, Edge> mapTaskNetwork) {
return mapTaskExecutorFactory.create(
mapTaskNetwork,
options,
mapTask.getStageName(),
readerRegistry,
sinkRegistry,
context,
pendingDeltaCounters,
idGenerator);
}
private DataflowExecutionContext.DataflowExecutionStateTracker createExecutionStateTracker(
StageInfo stageInfo, MapTask mapTask, String workLatencyTrackingId) {
return new DataflowExecutionContext.DataflowExecutionStateTracker(
sampler,
stageInfo
.executionStateRegistry()
.getState(
NameContext.forStage(mapTask.getStageName()),
"other",
null,
ScopedProfiler.INSTANCE.emptyScope()),
stageInfo.deltaCounters(),
options,
workLatencyTrackingId);
}
}
``` |
Edward Hyde (1667 – 8 September 1712) was a British colonial administrator who served as the first governor of North Carolina from 24 January until 8 September in 1712, when he died in office. He governed during a time of tremendous turmoil, including an internal revolt known as Cary's Rebellion and an American Indian conflict called the Tuscarora War.
Early life and career
Hyde was born in 1667 to a prominent family in England and was a cousin of Anne Hyde, the first wife of King James II of England. James II and Anne Hyde were also the parents of Queen Anne, who appointed Edward to both his Jamaican and North Carolina positions. He was a son of Robert Hyde and his wife Phillis Snyed of Cheshire in England. Hyde, along with his sisters, Anne and Penelope, was raised by his grandmother, since his parents died when he was about three years old. Hyde entered Oxford University in 1683, but he did not complete a degree. In 1692, he married Catherine Rigby, whose family was prominent in Cheshire. Virginian William Byrd described her in his diary as "an abundance of life". In 1702 Hyde was appointed by Queen Anne as Jamaica’s provost marshal. Hyde served in that position without ever travelling to the Caribbean but did not find it to be lucrative.
Governor of North Carolina
Though the territory between the Virginia border and the Cape Fear River was officially recognized as "north" Carolina as early as 1689, that territory and all of what would become South Carolina was collectively known as the Province of Carolina for the first few decades of settlement, with the royal governor maintaining his residence at Charleston. A deputy governor was appointed for the northern part of the province – until the meeting at which Hyde was appointed. When he arrived in Virginia, he learned that Governor Edward Tynte, who was appointed Governor of Carolina in 1708 and from whom he was to receive his commission, had died. Hyde proceeded to North Carolina without his commission, where he found dissension about to erupt in violence.
Thomas Cary was appointed Deputy Governor of North Carolina, with responsibility for northern Carolina. While he was in the southern portion of the Colony in 1706–1708, William Glover as President of the Council was acting Deputy Governor. Meanwhile, a petition had been presented to the Lords Proprietors in London by disgruntled Carolina settlers and Cary was ordered removed as Deputy Governor and the Council elected Glover as Deputy Governor. There had long been a large population of Quakers in northern Carolina and there was growing friction between the Quakers and adherents of the Church of England who wished to see it established as the official church of the colony by law. Quakers were unable, due to their beliefs, to swear oaths required of all officials on the coronation of Queen Anne. Cary returned to the region and disputed Glover's right to office claiming support from the Quakers. From 1708 until Hyde's arrival in 1710 there was violence and a disputed Assembly election. Ultimately, Hyde's authority was established when Virginia Governor Alexander Spottswood sent a militia into Carolina. A company of royal marines from the guardships in the Chesapeake Bay arrived to aid Hyde in July 1711. Cary's forces laid down their arms and submitted to Hyde.
Death
Hyde died of yellow fever on 8 September 1712 in Chowan Precinct (present-day Bertie County), North Carolina.
Personal life
The Hydes had a number of children but only one daughter, Anne Hyde survived them. She married George Clarke who served as acting Governor of New York.
Honors
Hyde Precinct (present-day Hyde County), North Carolina, was named after him.
References
External links
Edward Hyde at carolana.com
1667 births
1712 deaths
Burials in North Carolina
Deaths in North Carolina
Deaths from yellow fever
Governors of the Province of North Carolina
People from Stockport |
Denise Lucy Wilson is a New Zealand health academic. She is currently a full professor of Māori health at the Auckland University of Technology. She is a fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi.
Academic career
After a background in nursing Wilson did an MSc titled 'Through the looking glass: nurses' responses to women experiencing partner abuse' and PhD titled 'Ngā kairaranga oranga / The weavers of health and wellbeing: a grounded theory study''' at the Massey University. She then moved to the Auckland University of Technology, rising to full professor.
She has received media coverage for her work on domestic violence.
She is a keynote speaker at the biennial All Together Better Health (ATBH) Conferences organized by World Committee.
Awards
In 2019 Wilson was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. In March 2021, she was made a fellow of the Royal Society Te Apārangi, recognising her research is "greatly contributing to efforts to reduce health disparities of Māori and other Indigenous people globally".
Selected works
Wilson, Denise, and Stephen Neville. "Culturally safe research with vulnerable populations." Contemporary Nurse 33, no. 1 (2009): 69–79.
Huntington, Annette, Jean Gilmour, Anthony Tuckett, Stephen Neville, Denise Wilson, and Catherine Turner. "Is anybody listening? A qualitative study of nurses' reflections on practice." Journal of Clinical Nursing 20, no. 9‐10 (2011): 1413–1422.
Wilson, Denise. "The significance of a culturally appropriate health service for Indigenous Māori women." Contemporary Nurse 28, no. 1-2 (2008): 173–188.
Wilson, Denise, and Stephen Neville. "Nursing their way not our way: Working with vulnerable and marginalised populations." Contemporary Nurse 27, no. 2 (2008): 165–176.
Wilson, Denise, and Pipi Barton. "Indigenous hospital experiences: a New Zealand case study." Journal of Clinical Nursing'' 21, no. 15‐16 (2012): 2316–2326.
Personal life
Wilson is Māori, of Ngāti Tahinga descent.
References
External links
Living people
New Zealand women academics
Massey University alumni
Academic staff of the Auckland University of Technology
Waikato Tainui people
New Zealand nurses
New Zealand medical researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
New Zealand Māori academics
New Zealand Māori women academics
Fellows of the Royal Society of New Zealand
Fellows of the American Academy of Nursing |
Minnesota Off-Road Cyclists (MORC) is a non-profit mountain biking club dedicated to gaining and maintaining trails in Minnesota. MORC has approximately 700 members.
About
MORC is dedicated to safeguarding the future of mountain biking in Minnesota through the promotion of responsible riding, establishment and maintenance of mountain biking trails, and preservation of Minnesota's natural resources.
MORC works with local government agencies and land managers to build and maintain environmentally sound and properly built mountain bike trails, sticking as closely to International Mountain Bicycling Association (IMBA) guidelines as possible.
In the fall of 2009, MORC entered into a closer relationship with IMBA, becoming one of a small group of official chapters, however in the spring of 2017, MORC split from IMBA.
Mountain bike trails
MORC and its chapters maintain a select number of popular mountain bike trails in Minnesota. Here is a brief list of the more popular trails:
Lebanon Hills
Murphy Hanrehan Park
Theodore Wirth Park
Battle Creek
Minnesota River Bottoms
Publications
MORC publishes a quarterly newsletter titled Off-Road.
Chapters
While MORC no longer has chapters, it continues its support and relations with the following groups:
BLAST
Cuyuna Lakes
Minneapolis Offroad Cycling Advocates (MOCA)
Mid-Minnesota Cycling Club
References
External links
MORC MOU with 3RPD
Minneapolis Parks: Wirth Park
Non-profit organizations based in Minnesota
Mountain biking teams and clubs in the United States
Cycling organizations in the United States |
The Battle of Elgsö took place on September 30, 1789 during Russo-Swedish War (1788–90), Sweden won over the Russian Empire.
In September 1789 a Swedish force in command of Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt numbering 4,000 men were sent towards Barösund where the Swedes and Russians had actively been fighting each other with ships of various sizes. The Russians threatened the Swedes with a landing operation, whereas Armefelt was supposed to interrupt their plans. In 30 September he launched an attack with 500 men on the Russians stationed at the island of Elgsö consisting of 10 cannons and 440 men under the general command of James Trevenen. In the battle the Swedes lost 12 killed and 46 wounded, the Russians had about 150 killed and wounded and 52 captured. The Russian field artillery was captured and they had to evacuate the island and no longer posed a great threat to the Swedes.
References
Elgsö
1789 in Europe
Elgsö
Elgsö
Elgsö
History of Uusimaa |
```shell
#!/bin/sh
echo >&2 You need to edit this to run your test case
exit 1
git clean -dxf
# If you get './makedepend: 1: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted
# string' when bisecting versions of perl older than 5.9.5 this hack
# will work around the bug in makedepend.SH which was fixed in
# version 96a8704c. Make sure to uncomment 'git checkout makedepend.SH'
# below too.
#git show blead:makedepend.SH > makedepend.SH
# If you can use ccache, add -Dcc=ccache\ gcc -Dld=gcc to the Configure line
# if Encode is not needed for the test, you can speed up the bisect by
# excluding it from the runs with -Dnoextensions=Encode
# ie
#./Configure -Dusedevel -Doptimize=-g -Dcc=ccache\ gcc -Dld=gcc -Dnoextensions=Encode -des
./Configure -Dusedevel -Doptimize=-g -des
test -f config.sh || exit 125
# Correct makefile for newer GNU gcc
perl -ni -we 'print unless /<(?:built-in|command)/' makefile x2p/makefile
# if you just need miniperl, replace test_prep with miniperl
make test_prep
[ -x ./perl ] || exit 125
# This runs the actual testcase. You could use -e instead:
./perl -Ilib ~/testcase.pl
ret=$?
[ $ret -gt 127 ] && ret=127
git checkout makedepend.SH
git clean -dxf
exit $ret
#if you need to invert the exit code, replace the above exit with this:
#[ $ret -eq 0 ] && exit 1
#exit 0
``` |
```php
<?php
namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Schema;
/**
* An abstraction class for an asset identifier.
*
* Wraps identifier names like column names in indexes / foreign keys
* in an abstract class for proper quotation capabilities.
*/
class Identifier extends AbstractAsset
{
/**
* @param string $identifier Identifier name to wrap.
* @param bool $quote Whether to force quoting the given identifier.
*/
public function __construct($identifier, $quote = false)
{
$this->_setName($identifier);
if (! $quote || $this->_quoted) {
return;
}
$this->_setName('"' . $this->getName() . '"');
}
}
``` |
"Itty Bitty Ditty Committee" is the 17th episode of the fifth season of the animated comedy series Bob's Burgers and the overall 84th episode, and is written by Holly Schlesinger and directed by Bernard Derriman. It aired on Fox in the United States on April 26, 2015.
Plot
The episodes starts with Linda talking on the phone about a rash that has developed underneath her armpits. Meanwhile, outside the restaurant, Gene is playing his keyboard in the burger suit to help drum up business outside Bob's Burgers. He is accompanied by Tina and Louise who are sliding straws through lids of to-go cups. Then Regular Sized Rudy and Peter Pescadero see them as they are returning from orchestra practice with their instruments. They jam successfully and the band Itty Bitty Ditty Committee is born. They later recruit Darryl after hearing him sing the Hall & Oates song "Maneater" in the computer lab. They try to recruit him and are able convince him to join the band. While the children practice, they begin to harmonize and are noticed by Lenny DeStefano who asks them to play at his birthday party. The children continue to practice but Darryl starts talking about creating a practice schedule, while Gene on the other hand is apathetic as he thinks it's waste of time to practice.
Meanwhile, the band begins to have conflicting differences between Darryl and Gene's styles of music as Darryl wants to play music that would go beyond a single beat. Gene becomes disturbed when Darryl demonstrated his point on Gene's keyboard. The final straw happens as Darryl, Peter, and Rudy are practicing without Gene. They tell Gene that they have decided to kick him and his sisters out of the band due to their conflicting ideals. Gene is upset by these events and has become convinced he shouldn't be playing music anymore and gives up his keyboard. His sisters try to get Gene to rediscover his love for music by pretending to destroy his keyboard. The gang decides to play outside like earlier in the episode. As the kids play they start to attract a crowd who are amazed by the children's abilities. Gene regains his confidence and is soon sought out by Darryl, Peter, and Rudy who realized that they missed Gene and were bored without him. Gene soon rejoins the band and leads the band and the crowd to Lenny's birthday party.
Meanwhile, Linda is bothered by her rash and his ordered by her doctor not to shave for a while until the rash clears up. This leads to some unfortunate events as Linda's pit hair grow at a large rate and becomes uncomfortable for the rest of the customers. Linda tries to avoid people by hiding in the kitchen, but Hugo and Ron show up for an inspection and force Linda to wear hair nets on her arm pits. After this she decides to shave her armpits but Bob convinces her to follow through with the doctors orders and try alternative cures to heal the rash. Linda's rash eventually clears up and Bob informs her that she can finally shave until she realizes she likes her pit hair.
Reception
Alasdair Wilkins of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B+, saying, "After a lengthy hiatus, “Itty Bitty Ditty Committee” feels like Bob’s Burgers just sort of easing back into things. It’s a reliably funny, charming episode that builds to a terrific crescendo, with the kids’ storefront concert actually bringing together usual Belcher nemeses like Edith and Jimmy Pesto’s lackey Trev in support of the kids. Taken with the reprise of “Burgers And Fries” over the closing credits, it all adds up to a fine reaffirmation that Bob’s Burgers just doing what comes naturally represents one of the most enjoyable half-hours on TV." The episode received a 0.9 rating and was watched by a total of 2.04 million people. This made it the fifth most watched show on Fox that night, behind Brooklyn Nine-Nine, Family Guy, The Simpsons, and The Last Man on Earth.
References
External links
2015 American television episodes
Bob's Burgers (season 5) episodes |
Quartey is a surname of Ga origin.
Notable people with the surname include:
Sportspeople
Ike Quartey, former WBA welterweight champion boxer
Clement Quartey, former Ghanaian boxer
Jonathan Quartey, Ghanaian football player
Laud Quartey, Ghanaian football player
Lê Văn Tân (born Jonathan Quartey), Vietnamese - Ghanaian football striker
Ebenezer Quartey, Ghanaian runner who competed in Men's 400 metres at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Michael Quartey, former Ghanaian football player for FC Biel-Bienne
Others
Benjamin Quartey-Papafio, a physician and politician in the Gold Coast (now Ghana), the first Ghanaian to obtain the degree of M.D.
Ian Jones-Quartey, American animator and graphic artist of Ghanaian descent
David K. Henderson-Quartey, a historian and author of The Ga of Ghana : history & culture of a West African people (2002)
Yolanda Quartey, vocalist for English country/soul band Phantom Limb
Ama Amissah Quartey, 2003 Miss Earth Ghana, represented Ghana at Miss Earth 2003
Kwei Quartey, novelist, author of Wife of the Gods (2009)
Ga-language surnames |
KNHT (102.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Rio Dell, California. The station is owned by Southern Oregon University, and is an affiliate of Jefferson Public Radio, airing JPR's "Classics & News" service, consisting of news and classical music programming.
External links
ijpr.org
NHT
Classical music radio stations in the United States
NPR member stations
Radio stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in California
Southern Oregon University |
German submarine U-3033 was a Type XXI U-boat (one of the "Elektroboote") of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine, built for service in World War II. She was ordered on 6 November 1943, and was laid down on 6 November 1944 at AG Weser, Bremen as yard number 1192. She was launched on 20 January 1945, and commissioned under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Peter Callsen on 27 February 1945.
Design
Like all Type XXI U-boats, U-3033 had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of (o/a), a beam of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN SE supercharged six-cylinder M6V40/46KBB diesel engines each providing , two Siemens-Schuckert GU365/30 double-acting electric motors each providing , and two Siemens-Schuckert silent running GV232/28 electric motors each providing .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a submerged speed of . When running on silent motors the boat could operate at a speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate at for ; when surfaced, she could travel at . U-3033 was fitted with six torpedo tubes in the bow and four C/30 anti-aircraft guns. She could carry twenty-three torpedoes or seventeen torpedoes and twelve mines. The complement was five officers and fifty-two men.
Fate
U-3033 was scuttled on 4 May 1945, in Wasserleben Bay, near Flensburg, as part of Operation Regenbogen. The wreck was later raised and broken up.
References
Bibliography
External links
Type XXI submarines
U-boats commissioned in 1945
World War II submarines of Germany
1945 ships
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Operation Regenbogen (U-boat)
Maritime incidents in May 1945 |
Events in chess in 1990;
Top players
FIDE top 10 by Elo rating - January 1990
Garry Kasparov 2800
Anatoly Karpov 2730
Jan Timman 2680
Vassily Ivanchuk 2665
Mikhail Gurevich 2645
Valery Salov 2645
Alexander Beliavsky 2640
Nigel Short 2635
Ulf Andersson 2630
Viktor Korchnoi 2625
Chess news in brief
The Candidates' final is held in Kuala Lumpur. Anatoly Karpov defeats Jan Timman 6½-2½ to become Garry Kasparov's challenger once more. In a very close match for the World Chess Championship, held in Lyon, Kasparov has just too much for his long-standing rival and ends up retaining his title by a score of 12½-11½. He wins $1.7million in prize money.
Sixty-four players compete at the Manila Interzonal. Boris Gelfand and Vassily Ivanchuk are joint winners with 9/13. Viswanathan Anand and Nigel Short score 8½/13 to finish with a share of third place.
The Women's (Moscow) Interzonal is closely contested by co-winners Ketino Kachiani and Alisa Galliamova. Nona Gaprindashvili is victorious at the Women's (Malaysia) Interzonal.
Gata Kamsky and Ivanchuk share success at a double round tournament in Tilburg, each scoring 8½/14.
Kasparov wins the Linares chess tournament with 8/11. Gelfand takes second place with 7½/11.
Yasser Seirawan triumphs at the Haninge tournament with 8½/11, ahead of Jan Ehlvest and Karpov (each with 7½/11).
Alexander Beliavsky wins the OHRA tournament in Amsterdam.
Karpov wins at Biel with 9½/14, ahead of Ulf Andersson (8/14) and Tony Miles (7½/14)
John Nunn is the victor at Wijk aan Zee's annual Hoogovens tournament.
Anand and Kamsky tie for first in a strong New Delhi tournament.
Qualifiers from the GMA's Open tournament series come together in Moscow to contest the final. It is won jointly by Jon Speelman, Mikhail Gurevich, Alexander Khalifman, Zurab Azmaiparashvili and Evgeny Bareev.
One hundred and seven teams take part at the Chess Olympiad, held at Novi Sad. The USSR win by a good margin, with 39/56. The USA and England share second place on 35½/56, with the USA taking silver medals on tie-break. The best individual rating performances come from Robert Hübner (gold), Murray Chandler (silver) and Vassily Ivanchuk (bronze). The Women's Olympiad is won by Hungary, on tie-break from the USSR (both 35/42), with China taking bronze on 29/42. The Polgar family are multiple medal winners, each sister taking gold for her respective board, along with a haul of team and performance rating medals. Ketevan Arakhamia earns a gold medal for her perfect 12/12 score as first reserve for the USSR.
Charismatic Grandmaster Guillermo Garcia Gonzales of Cuba is killed in a car accident in Havana, while preparing to take part in the Olympiad.
Kasparov wins a training match against Lev Psakhis +4, -0, =2 in Murcia, Spain.
A 'Chess Summit', held in Reykjavík, comprises four teams of ten players. The USSR wins (31½/60) ahead of England (31/60), USA (30/60) and a combined 'Nordic countries' team (27½/60). England records its first ever match victory over the Soviet team with a 6-4 result.
Beliavsky, Leonid Yudasin, Evgeny Bareev and Alexey Vyzmanavin tie for first place in the penultimate USSR Chess Championship, held in Leningrad (soon to be renamed Saint Petersburg). Beliavsky is awarded the title on tie-break.
Lev Alburt wins the US Chess Championship in Jacksonville. Elena Donaldson takes the Women's Championship, held in Spartanburg, South Carolina.
James Plaskett is the winner of the British Chess Championship, held at Eastbourne. Susan Arkell is the Women's Champion.
Igor Glek wins the World Open in Philadelphia.
Khalifman wins the New York Open and Bent Larsen takes the (Watson, Farley & Williams) New York International with 6½/9, ahead of Vasilios Kotronias (6/9).
The US Masters in Chicago is won by Tony Miles.
Karpov wins a game against Deep Thought at Harvard. The program, created by scientists at Carnegie-Mellon University, is remotely attached to an IBM Mainframe, enabling it to examine 750,000 positions per second.
Seirawan defeats Timman 4-2 in the annual KRO Exhibition Match, held in Hilversum. This is one in a novel series of matches in which Timman is pitted against his contemporary grandmaster rivals.
The World Youth Chess Championship for older children is held in Singapore. Sergei Tiviakov wins the Boys Under-18, while Konstantin Sakaev takes the Boys Under-16 trophy. Tea Lanchava of Georgia wins in the Girls Under-16 category.
The World Youth Chess Festival for Peace caters for the younger children at Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Although there are categories for girls, Hungarian child prodigy Judit Polgár enters and wins the Boys Under-14 section. This repeats her (Under-12) achievement at Timișoara in 1988. Boris Avrukh of the Soviet Union wins the Boys Under-12 category.
England and the USSR tie for first place in the World Chess Solving Championship.
FIDE declares that smoking is prohibited at all of its events.
Shakhmatny Bulletin ceases publication.
Variant Chess begins publication.
Births
Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian player, world top five Grandmaster while still a junior - November 30
Sergey Karjakin, Ukrainian player, youngest Grandmaster ever and a World Youth Champion - January 12
Ian Nepomniachtchi, Russian Grandmaster, World Youth Champion at U-14 - July 14
Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, French Grandmaster and national champion - October 21
Dmitry Andreikin, Russian Grandmaster and former World Junior Champion - February 5
Yuriy Kuzubov, Ukrainian Grandmaster, one of the world's youngest to gain the title - January 26
Anna Muzychuk, IM from Ukraine then Slovenia, World Youth Champion for Girls U-16 - February 28
Nguyen Ngoc Truong Son, Vietnamese player, World Youth Champion at U-10 - February 23
David Howell, England's youngest ever Grandmaster - November 14
Sergei Matsenko, Russian Grandmaster - June 21
Puchen Wang, New Zealand International Master - January 20
Anya Corke, Hong Kong WGM, winner of three (Open section) British Junior titles - September 12
Deaths
Alexander Konstantinopolsky, Ukrainian honorary Grandmaster, Correspondence player and trainer - September 21
Eero Böök, Finnish player, honorary Grandmaster and six-time national champion - January 7
Guillermo Garcia Gonzales, Cuban Grandmaster, three-time national champion - October 26
Ernest Klein, former British champion and author - ?
Emil Josef Diemer - German player and openings theorist - October 10
Geza Fuster, Hungarian-Canadian International Master - ?
Ernest Pogosyants, Ukrainian chess problemist and endgame study specialist - August 16
Baldur Honlinger, prominent Austrian player of the 1920s-1950s - March 12
Heinrich Reinhardt, German-Austrian player - June 14
References
Chess History & Chronology - Bill Wall( 2009-10-20)
Olimpbase - Olympiads and other Team event information
FIDE rating list data 1970-97
NY Times (Robert Byrne) account of New York International
NY Times (Robert Byrne) account of Biel Tournament
20th century in chess
Chess by year |
Joseph Earl Daily (January 27, 1888 – July 1, 1965) was an American jurist.
Born in Manito, Illinois, Daily received his law degree from Yale Law School. Daily then practiced law in Peoria, Illinois in 1909. In 1911, Daily was elected Peoria city attorney and was a Republican. From 1926 to 1948, Daily served as Illinois circuit court judge. From 1948 until his death in 1965, Daily served on the Illinois Supreme Court and was chief justice of the court. Daily died in a hospital in Chicago, Illinois following surgery.
Notes
1888 births
1965 deaths
People from Mason County, Illinois
Lawyers from Peoria, Illinois
Yale Law School alumni
Illinois Republicans
Illinois state court judges
Chief Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court
20th-century American judges
Justices of the Illinois Supreme Court |
Vlasta Vrána (born 1950), is a Canadian actor of Czech descent.
Life and career
Vrána, born to Czech parents in Norway, moved to Canada at age four. He made his feature-film debut in Canadian filmmaker David Cronenberg's Shivers. Vrána has appeared in television shows and films, including The New Avengers, The Littlest Hobo, Choices, Spearfield's Daughter, The Kiss, War of the Worlds, After Amy, All Souls, Friday the 13th: the Series, Windsor Protocol, Lobby, Highlander III: The Sorcerer, Sirens, All Souls, Mom P.I., The Hitchhiker, Press Run, Waking the Dead, Varian's War, Pachamama, and The Blue Man.
In 2005 he received an Award of Excellence from ACTRA Montreal and the Richard Kind Award for Best Actor at the 2005 Trenton Film Festival for his lead role in B. P. Paquette's psychological drama, A Year in the Death of Jack Richards. Vrána played Fire Chief Wickersham in Secret Window and Booker (MPC) in The Day After Tomorrow.
Voice-acting credits include Assassin's Creed, Splinter Cell, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal 2000 and The Mysterious Cities of Gold, documentaries and radio and TV commercials. He narrated the Canada Vignettes and other films for the National Film Board of Canada.
Filmography
Shivers (1975) as Kresimer Sviben
Rabid (1977) as Cop at Clinic
One Man (1977) as Gendron's Colleague
The New Avengers (1977, TV Series) as Karavitch
Strangers at the Door (1977, Short) as Jan
Back Alley Blue (1977, Short)
Blackout (1978)
Canada Vignettes (1978, Short) as Narrator
L'homme en colère (1978) as Le gérant du club
The Spirit Adventure: Night Flight (1979, TV Movie) as Radio Operator
Meet the Martians (1979, Short) as Narrator
No Fighting Habitat (1979) as Narrator
The Littlest Hobo (1980, TV Series) as Policeman
Atmos (1980, Documentary, short) as Narrator
Happy Birthday to Me (1981) as Bartender
Gas (1981) as Baron Stuyvesant
Heavy Metal (1981) as Barbarian Leader (voice) (segment "Taarna")
The Amateur (1981) as Guide
Ulysses 31 (1981-1982, TV Series) as Zeus
Astro Boy (1981) (voice, Cinelume English dub)
Belle and Sebastian (1981) (voice, English dub)
The Emperor of Peru (1982) as Policeman
Hard Feelings (1982) as Mr. Holland
End Game in Paris (1982, Short)
A Room Full of Energy (1982, Short) as Narrator
The Forbes Home (1983, Documentary short) as Narrator
Illusion (1983, TV Movie) as Ben Grover
The Mysterious Cities of Gold (1982-1983, TV Series) as Narrator and Kokapelt (English dub, voice)
Candy the Striper (1983) as Guy at Bar
Cook and Peary: The Race to the Pole (1983, TV Movie) as Murphy
A Matter of Cunning (1983, TV Movie) as Ted Haskell
Hey Babe! (1983) as Roy
The Surrogate (1984) as Bill
Charlie Grant's War (1984, TV Movie) as Police Chief
The Adventures of the Little Koala (1984, TV Series) as Weather (voice)
Secret Weapons (1985, TV Movie) as Ivan
The Hitchhiker (1985, TV Series) as Mark Greenburg / Undercover Cop #2
Breaking All the Rules (1985) as Detective
One Step Away (1985)
A Time to Live (1985, TV Movie) as Policeman Grosso
The Blue Man (1985) as Scott
The World Turned Upside Down (1985) as Narrator (voice)
The World of David the Gnome (1985, TV Series) as Swift (voice; English dub)
Bumpety Boo (1985, TV Series) (voice)
Choices (1986, TV Movie) as Minister
C.A.T. Squad (1986, TV Movie)
The Morning Man (1986)
Cat City (1986) as Mr. Gatto (English dub, voice)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1987, TV Series) (voice)
He Shoots, He Scores (1986, TV Series) as Popov
Keeping Track (1986) as Chuck
Great Collections from the Montreal Botanical Garden (1986) as Narrator
Age of the Rivers (1986) as Narrator
Spearfield's Daughter (1986, TV Mini-Series) as Gerd
The Lonely Passion of Brian Moore (1986, Documentary) as Narrator (voice)
Life on Ice (1986, Documentary short) as Narrator
Amerika (1987, TV Mini-Series) as Sergei
Ford: The Man and the Machine (1987, TV Movie) as William Murphy
Nowhere to Hide (1987) as Sonny Cambria
First Offender (1987, TV Movie) (uncredited)
(1987, TV Movie) as Katsender
The Man Who Stole Dreams (1987, Short) as Narrator (voice)
Dreams of a Land (1987, Short) as Narrator
The Gnomes' Great Adventure (1987, original version) as Swift
Arctic River (1987, Documentary short) as Narrator
Equatorial River (1987, Documentary short) Narrator
A Safety Net''' (1987, Documentary short) as Narrator
Mario, Mike and the Great Gretzky (1988, Documentary) as amusing Narrator
God Bless the Child (1988, TV Movie) as Harold Matthews
C.A.T. Squad: Python Wolf (1988, TV Movie)
Edge of Ice (1988, Documentary) as Narrator
Hitting Home (1988, TV Movie) as Phil Grande
The Kiss (1988) as Bishop
Midnight Magic (1988, TV Movie) as Ryan Burr
The Mills of Power (1988)
Red Earth, White Earth (1989, TV Movie) as William
Day One (1989, TV Movie) as Hans Bethe
Champagne Charlie (1989, TV Movie)
Jesus of Montreal (1989) as Fr. Leclerc (English dub, voice)
Eddie and the Cruisers II: Eddie Lives! (1989) as Frank
Nail Soup: Scandinavian Folktale (1989) as Narrator
Saban's Adventures of Peter Pan (1989) (voice)
Hallmark Hall of Fame (1990, TV Series) as Paul Revere
War of the Worlds (1990, TV Series) as Jonathan Laporte
Friday the 13th: The Series (1989-1990, TV Series) Webster Eby / Sheriff
Falling Over Backwards (1990) as Drunk
Angel Square (1990) as Logg
Whispers (1990) as Sheriff Laurenski
The Real Story of Humpty Dumpty (1990, Short) The King
Money (1991) as Mel Glatzman
Scanners II: The New Order (1991) as Lt. Gelson
Deadly Surveillance (1991, TV Movie) as Palatzo
Saban's Adventures of the Little Mermaid (1991) (voice)
The Jungle Book (1991) as Grizzle
Counterstrike (1990-1991, TV Series) as Detective Samuelson and Lt. Samuelson
Bob in a Bottle (1991) (voice)
Saban's Adventures of Pinocchio (1991) (voice)
Mom P.I. (1991, TV Series)
On Strike: The Winnipeg General Strike, 1919 (1991, Short documentary) as Narrator (voice)
Gulliver's Travels (1992) (voice)
Sharky and George (1992) (voice)
Sandokan (1992) (voice)
A Bunch of Munsch (1992, TV Series) (voice)
The Legend of White Fang (1992, TV Series) (voice)
Urban Angel (1991-1992, TV Series) as Lieutenant Drabeck
Christopher Columbus (1993, TV Series) (voice)
Spirou (1993, TV Series) (voice)
The Adventures of Grady Greenspace (1993, TV Series) as Rafia Rat
Around the World in 80 Dreams (1993, TV Series) (voice)
Street Legal (1989-1993, TV Series) as Howard Champion / Mario Pestano
The Rise and Fall of English Montreal (1993, Documentary) as Narrator
Flight from Justice (1993, TV Movie) as Nathan
Vendetta II: The New Mafia (1993, TV Movie) as Benny
The Lifeforce Experiment (1994, TV Movie) as Dr. Robbie Allman
Brainscan (1994) as Frank
Papa Beaver's Storytime (1994, TV Series) (voice)
Warriors (1994) as Mr. Parker
Stalked (1994) as Sanders
Highlander III: The Sorcerer (1994) as Vorisek
Relative Fear (1994) as Mr. Schulman
Aventures dans le Grand Nord (1995, TV Series) as Jacques
Sirens (1995, TV Series) as Arnold Freize
Hiroshima (1995, TV Movie) as Gen. Tom Farrell
Crosswinds (1995, TV Movie) as Harry
For Love Alone: The Ivana Trump Story (1996, TV Movie) as Dr. Zimmerman
Midnight in Saint Petersburg (1996, TV Movie) as Hans Schreiber
Due South (1996, TV Series) as Henri Cloutier
Hollow Point (1996) as FBI Agent in Chase
Marked Man (1996) as Warden Jackson
The Magical Adventures of Quasimodo (1996, TV Series) as Frollo / Prison Guard
Mother Night (1996) as August Krapptauer
Gotti (1996, TV Movie) as Romual Piecyk
Hawk's Vengeance (1996) as Duquesne
Natural Enemy (1996) as Stanley
The Busy World of Richard Scarry (1993-1996, TV Series) (voice)
Jagged Alliance: Deadly Games (1996, Video Game) (voice)
While My Pretty One Sleeps (1997, TV Movie) as Bishop
Night of the Demons 3 (1997) as Dewhurst
Stranger in the House (1997) as Alex Alexander
The Peacekeeper (1997) as General Douglas
The Assignment (1997) as KGB Head Officer
Windsor Protocol (1997, TV Movie) as Hardy's Aide
Lobby (1997, TV Series) as Jacques Baldwin
Kayla (1997) as Lyman Snow
Night Hood (1997, TV Series) (voice)
The Little Lulu Show (1997, TV Series) (voice)
Princess Sissi (1997, TV Series) (voice)
Ivanhoe (1997, TV Series) Reginald Front-de-Boeuf
The Hunger (1997-1998, TV Series) as Boatman / Rhys
Glory and Hunger (1998, TV Movie) as Morris Jesup
Thunder Point (1998, TV Movie) (voice)
Escape from Wildcat Canyon (1996) as Tully
The Ultimate Weapon (1998) as 'Top' Drummond
The Girl Next Door (1998, TV Movie) as Howard Poolin
Team S.O.S. (1998, TV Series) (voice)
Flight Squad (1998, TV Series) (voice)
Dog's World (1998, TV Series) (voice)
Animal Crackers (1998, TV Series) (voice)
The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures (1998, TV Series) (voice)
To a Different Beat (1998, Documentary) as Narrator
L'ombre de l'épervier (1998, TV Series) as De LaRosbille
Cold Squad (1999, TV Series) as Valentin Kucharek
Bonnano: A Godfather's Story (1999, TV Movie) as Franklin Roosevelt
The Collectors (1999, TV Movie) as Sgt Grander
Eye of the Beholder (1999) as Mr. Hugo Sr.
Grey Owl (1999) as Harry Champlin
Emily of New Moon (1999, TV Series) as Wendall McKay
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999, TV Movie) as Mr. Van Tassle
Running Home (1999) as Robinson
The Maurice Rocket Richard Story (1999, TV Series) as Voix à la radio
Revenge of the Land (1999, TV Movie)
Ripley's Believe It or Not! (1999, TV Series) (voice)
Billy and Buddy (1999, TV Series) (voice)
Bizby (1999, TV Series) (voice)
Turtle Island (1999, TV Series) (voice)
A Miss Mallard Mystery (1999, TV Series) (voice)
Waking the Dead (2000) as Priest at Sarah's Funeral
Press Run (2000) as Sam Kettle
Revenge (2000) as Dan McCartney
Reaper (2000) as Sheriff Norris
Believe (2000) as Mortimer Higgins
Where the Money Is (2000) as Jewelry Store Employee
Heavy Metal 2000 (2000) as Street Vendor (voice)
The List (2000) (voice)
Cause of Death (2001) as Al Bailey
Heart: The Marilyn Bell Story (2001, TV Movie) as George McBlair
All Souls (2001, TV Series) as Dr. Lyman Brisco
Varian's War (2001, TV Movie) as Franz Werfel
Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Heart Within (2001, TV Movie) as Dr. Charles Cook
L'or (2001, TV Series) as Vlad Kovak
After Amy (2001, TV Movie)
Protection (2001) as Shimanski
Wunschpunsch (2000-2001) as Maledictus Maggot (English version, voice)
Simon in the Land of Chalk Drawings (2001, TV Series) (voice)
Iron Nose (2001, TV Series) (voice)
Wombat City (2001, TV Series) (voice)
Belphegor (2001, TV Series) (voice)
The Lost World (2001, TV Movie) (voice)
Fidel (2001, Documentary) as Narrator
Requiem for Fanny (2001, Documentary) as Narrator
Matthew Blackheart: Monster Smasher (2002, TV Movie) as Franklin D. Roosevelt
Redeemer (2002, TV Movie) as Edward Chase
Big Wolf on Campus (1999-2002, TV Series) as Professor Flugelhoff / King Augustus
Just a Walk in the Park (2002, TV Movie) as Publisher
The Book of Eve (2002) as Steve Lock
Scent of Danger (2002, TV Movie) as Dr. York
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell (2002, Video Game)
Alone We Stand (2002, Short) as Narrator
Pig City (2002, TV Series) (voice)
Levity (2003) as Man on Parole Board
Lucky Luke (2001-2003, TV Series) as Joe Dalton (voice)
Rudy: The Rudy Giuliani Story (2003, TV Movie) as Ray Harding
The Human Stain (2003) as Solly Tabak
Timeline (2003) as Monk
Bad Apple (2004, TV Movie) as Fleisig
Secret Window (2004) as Fire Chief Wickersham
The Day After Tomorrow (2004) as Booker (MPC)
Wicker Park (2004) as Jeweller
Baby for Sale (2004, TV Movie)
A Year in the Death of Jack Richards(2004) as Jack Richards
Manners of Dying (2004) as Doctor Lowe
When Angels Come to Town (2004, TV Movie) as Franz
Tripping the Rift (2004, TV Series) (voice)
Life and Times, John Paul II (2004, TV Series) (voice)
Ocean Tales (2004, TV Series) (voice)
The Three Pigs (2004, TV Series) (voice)
Potatoes and Dragons (2004, TV Series) (voice)
Ratz (2004, TV Series) (voice)
Winx Club (2004, TV Series) (voice, English dub)
Dragon Hunters (2004, TV Series) (voice)
The Boy (2004, TV Series) (voice)
The Tournament (2005, TV Series) as Coach Jenkins (Season 1)
Crimes of Passion (2005, TV Movie) as Malcolm McBradden
Spookley the Square Pumpkin (2005) as Narrator (voice)
Human Trafficking (2005, TV Mini-Series) as Tommy
Canadian Case Files (2005, TV Series) as Narrator (voice)
Black Eyed Dog (2006) as Andreas
My Goldfish is Evil (2006, TV Series) (voice)
A Life Interrupted (2007, TV Movie) as Committee Chairman
I Me Wed (2007, TV Movie) as Roy
Race to Mars (2007, TV Mini-Series) as Space Agency Narrator (voice)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (2008, TV Movie) as Judge Shoehan
Lava Storm (2008, TV Movie) as Mike Wilson
The Cutting Edge: Chasing the Dream (2008, TV Movie) as Official
WarGames: The Dead Code (2008) as Ivan Prokosh
The Christmas Choir (2008, TV Movie)
Dead Like Me: Life After Death (2009) as Gregor
Carny (2009, TV Movie) as Pastor Owen
The Last Templar (2009, TV Series) as Taxi Driver
The Cutting Edge: Fire and Ice (2010, TV Movie) as Maitre D'
Arctic Blast (2010) as Narrator (voice)
Territories (2010) as Sheriff White
Deus Ex: Human Revolution (2011, Video Game) as Detective Chase (voice)
Assassin's Creed: Revelations (2011, Video Game) as Manuel Palailogos (voice)
Upside Down (2012) as Mr. Hunt
Pinocchio (2012) as Mangiafuoco / The Jailer (English dub, voice)
Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon (2013, Video Game) as Introductory Narrator (voice)
Red 2 (2013) as General McKennon
The Informant (2013) as Contrôleur Nichols
Gurov and Anna (2014) as Audiobook Narrator (voice)
The Perfect Husband (2014) as Gardener
Northpole: Open for Christmas (2015, TV Movie) as Salvation Army Santa
Race (2016) as St-John
19-2 (2014-2016, TV Series) as Ben's Father
Deus Ex: Mankind Divided (2016, Video Game) as Otar Botkoveli (voice)
The Glass Castle (2017) as Mr. Lehocky
The Zone (2017) as Stalker
Pachamama (2018) as Shaman
Les Misérables (2018, TV Mini-Series) as Voice Director
Swept Up by Christmas (2020 TV film) as Alan Hawthorne
Hall (2020) as Peter
Felix and the Treasure of Morgäa (Félix et le trésor de Morgäa) - 2021 as Tom (English version)
References
External links
1950 births
Living people
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian voice directors
Canadian people of Czech descent
Norwegian people of Czech descent
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Norwegian emigrants to Canada
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors |
This is a chronological list of Iraq War-related documentaries.
List
In Shifting Sands (2001)
Back to Babylon (2002)
About Baghdad (2003)
Baghdad or Bust (2004)
Control Room (2004)
Inside Iraq: The Untold Stories (2004)
Iraq Raw: The Tuttle Tapes (2004)
Last Letters Home (2004)
Soldiers Pay (2004)
Uncovered: The War on Iraq (2004)
Voices of Iraq (2004)
War Feels Like War (2004)
War with Iraq: Stories from the Front (2004)
We Iraqis (2004)
Alpha Company: Iraq Diary (2005)
American Soldiers (2005)
Confronting Iraq: Conflict and Hope (2005)
The Dreams of Sparrows (2005)
Gunner Palace (2005)
In the Shadow of the Palms (2005)
Iraqi War: The Untold Stories (2005)
Occupation: Dreamland (2005)
Off to War: From Rural Arkansas to Iraq (2005)
Why We Fight (2005)
Baghdad ER (2006)
The Corporal's Boots (2006)
The Ground Truth (2006)
Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers (2006)
Iraq in Fragments (2006)
My Country, My Country (2006)
Nice Bombs (2006)
No Substitute / Victory: Vietnam to Iraq (2006)
Shadow Company (2006)
The War Tapes (2006)
When I Came Home (2006)
Alive Day Memories: Home from Iraq (2007)
Body of War (2007)
Buying the War (2007)
Ghosts of Abu Ghraib (2007)
I Am an American Soldier (2007)
Jerebek (2007)
No End in Sight (2007)
Operation Homecoming: Writing the Wartime Experience (2007)
This Is War: Memories of Iraq (2007)
Three Soldiers (2007)
Year at Danger (2007)
PBS Frontline: Bad Voodoo's War (2008)
Bulletproof Salesman (2008)
Changing Us (2008)
The Corporal's Diary: 38 Days in Iraq (2008)
Leading to War (2008)
Fighting for Life (2008)
Lioness (2008)
My Vietnam, Your Iraq (2008)
Reserved to Fight (2008)
Brothers at War (2009)
Triangle of Death (2009)
Poster Girl (2010)
This is War (2010)
The Tillman Story (2010)
The Unreturned (2010)
The War You Don't See (2010)
The Iraq War: Regime Change (2013)
Only the Dead (Australian documentary, 2015)
Apache Warrior (Netflix documentary film, 2017)
Medal of Honor (Netflix TV series, 2018)
Once Upon a Time in Iraq (2020)
that which i love destroys me (2015)
Life After War: Iraq (2022)
References
External links
List with summaries and links to some videos
Doco
Lists of documentaries |
```python
# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED FROM INFORMATION STORED IN
# THIRD-PARTY METADATA SERVICE. YOUR MANUAL CHANGES TO THIS FILE WILL
# BE PRESERVED AND WILL SERVE AS THE SOURCE OF TRUTH FOR METADATA OF
# THIS PACKAGE.
# TPMS-GENERATED: b3448f8fd2a893772f944f37627e63917b77dede
METADATA = {
"name": "rules",
"owner": "pytorch_dev_infra",
}
``` |
```c++
/*
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
* met:
*
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
* copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
* in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
* * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
* A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
* OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
* DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
* THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
* (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include "config.h"
#include "core/frame/PageScaleConstraints.h"
#include <algorithm>
namespace blink {
PageScaleConstraints::PageScaleConstraints()
: initialScale(-1), minimumScale(-1), maximumScale(-1) { }
PageScaleConstraints::PageScaleConstraints(float initial, float minimum, float maximum)
: initialScale(initial), minimumScale(minimum), maximumScale(maximum) { }
void PageScaleConstraints::overrideWith(const PageScaleConstraints& other)
{
if (other.initialScale != -1) {
initialScale = other.initialScale;
if (minimumScale != -1)
minimumScale = std::min(minimumScale, other.initialScale);
}
if (other.minimumScale != -1)
minimumScale = other.minimumScale;
if (other.maximumScale != -1)
maximumScale = other.maximumScale;
if (!other.layoutSize.isZero())
layoutSize = other.layoutSize;
clampAll();
}
float PageScaleConstraints::clampToConstraints(float pageScaleFactor) const
{
if (pageScaleFactor == -1)
return pageScaleFactor;
if (minimumScale != -1)
pageScaleFactor = std::max(pageScaleFactor, minimumScale);
if (maximumScale != -1)
pageScaleFactor = std::min(pageScaleFactor, maximumScale);
return pageScaleFactor;
}
void PageScaleConstraints::clampAll()
{
if (minimumScale != -1 && maximumScale != -1)
maximumScale = std::max(minimumScale, maximumScale);
initialScale = clampToConstraints(initialScale);
}
void PageScaleConstraints::fitToContentsWidth(float contentsWidth, int viewWidthNotIncludingScrollbars)
{
if (!contentsWidth || !viewWidthNotIncludingScrollbars)
return;
// Clamp the minimum scale so that the viewport can't exceed the document
// width.
minimumScale = std::max(minimumScale, viewWidthNotIncludingScrollbars / contentsWidth);
clampAll();
}
void PageScaleConstraints::resolveAutoInitialScale()
{
// If the initial scale wasn't defined, set it to minimum scale now that we
// know the real value.
if (initialScale == -1)
initialScale = minimumScale;
clampAll();
}
bool PageScaleConstraints::operator==(const PageScaleConstraints& other) const
{
return layoutSize == other.layoutSize
&& initialScale == other.initialScale
&& minimumScale == other.minimumScale
&& maximumScale == other.maximumScale;
}
} // namespace blink
``` |
```ruby
class DropDurationInSecondsFromPodcastEpisodes < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
def change
safety_assured do
remove_column :podcast_episodes, :duration_in_seconds, :integer
end
end
end
``` |
```javascript
/* globals customElements */
import { LitElement, html, css } from '../vendor/lit-element/lit-element'
import { repeat } from '../vendor/lit-element/lit-html/directives/repeat'
import { shorten } from '../../lib/strings'
import * as bg from './bg-process-rpc'
import commonCSS from './common.css'
import inputsCSS from './inputs.css'
import buttonsCSS from './buttons.css'
import spinnerCSS from './spinner.css'
const STATES = {
READY: 0,
DOWNLOADING: 1,
CLONING: 2
}
class ForkDriveModal extends LitElement {
static get properties () {
return {
state: {type: Number},
label: {type: String},
title: {type: String},
description: {type: String},
tags: {type: String},
isTemplate: {type: Boolean},
isDetached: {type: Boolean}
}
}
static get styles () {
return [commonCSS, inputsCSS, buttonsCSS, spinnerCSS, css`
.wrapper {
padding: 0;
}
form {
padding: 14px 20px;
margin: 0;
}
.loading {
padding: 20px 22px 20px;
font-size: 15px;
font-style: normal;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd;
color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
h1 {
margin-top: 0;
}
.tabbed-nav {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
font-size: 17px;
letter-spacing: 0.5px;
margin: -4px -16px 14px;
}
.tabbed-nav span {
min-width: 5px;
border: 1px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;
height: 28px;
}
.tabbed-nav span.spacer {
flex: 1;
}
.tabbed-nav a {
color: inherit;
border: 1px solid transparent;
border-bottom: 1px solid #bbb;
cursor: pointer;
border-top-left-radius: 2px;
border-top-right-radius: 2px;
padding: 4px 18px;
}
.tabbed-nav a.active {
border: 1px solid #bbb;
border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}
.columns {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
grid-gap: 12px;
}
input {
font-size: 14px;
height: 34px;
padding: 0 10px;
border-color: #bbb;
}
select {
-webkit-appearance: none;
display: inline-block;
font-size: 13px;
font-weight: 500;
padding: 8px 30px 8px 10px;
max-width: 100%;
border: 1px solid #bbc;
border-radius: 4px;
outline: 0;
background-color: #fff;
background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,your_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashyour_sha256_hashX4+8lwAAAIxJREFUSInt0TcCwjAQRNFvE5dkwKD7H5WGINsKszWa+r9qoO1ftjqc1B0N2DyDYwNcPX0Ia0Yf2HFx9Y+your_sha256_hash+Jcr9UtT6uaj3U6H0sdD6n1D7j9B76M7jbevo29rgBddTP/7iwZL3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: right .7em top 50%, 0 0;
background-size: .65em auto, 100%;
}
.help {
opacity: 0.6;
}
.help.with-icon {
padding-left: 16px;
position: relative;
}
.help.with-icon .fas {
position: absolute;
left: -2px;
top: 1px;
font-size: 11px;
}
input + .help {
margin-top: -8px;
}
.help a {
cursor: pointer;
color: blue;
text-decoration: underline;
}
hr {
border: 0;
border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
margin: 10px 0;
}
.form-actions {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: space-between;
}
.fork-dat-progress {
font-size: 14px;
}
`]
}
constructor () {
super()
// internal state
this.driveInfo = null
this.state = STATES.READY
// params
this.cbs = null
this.forks = []
this.base = undefined
this.label = ''
this.title = ''
this.description = ''
this.tags = ''
this.isDetached = false
}
async init (params, cbs) {
// store params
this.cbs = cbs
this.forks = params.forks
this.base = this.forks.find(fork => fork.url === params.url) || this.forks[0]
this.isDetached = params.detached || false
this.isTemplate = params.isTemplate || false
this.label = params.label || ''
await this.requestUpdate()
// fetch drive info
this.driveInfo = await bg.hyperdrive.getInfo(this.base.url)
this.title = typeof params.title === 'string' ? params.title : (this.driveInfo.title || '')
this.description = typeof params.description === 'string' ? params.description : (this.driveInfo.description || '')
this.tags = params.tags ? (Array.isArray(params.tags) ? params.tags.join(' ') : params.tags) : this.driveInfo.tags?.join(' ') || ''
await this.requestUpdate()
this.adjustHeight()
}
updated () {
this.adjustHeight()
}
adjustHeight () {
var height = this.shadowRoot.querySelector('div').clientHeight|0
bg.modals.resizeSelf({height})
}
// rendering
// =
render () {
if (!this.driveInfo) {
return this.renderLoading()
}
var progressEl
var actionBtn
switch (this.state) {
case STATES.READY:
progressEl = html`<div class="fork-dat-progress">Ready to ${this.isDetached ? 'make a copy' : 'fork'}.</div>`
actionBtn = html`<button type="submit" class="btn primary" tabindex="5">${this.isDetached ? 'Copy drive' : 'Create fork'}</button>`
break
case STATES.DOWNLOADING:
progressEl = html`<div class="fork-dat-progress">Downloading remaining files...</div>`
actionBtn = html`<button type="submit" class="btn" disabled tabindex="5"><span class="spinner"></span></button>`
break
case STATES.CLONING:
progressEl = html`<div class="fork-dat-progress">Downloading and copying...</div>`
actionBtn = html`<button type="submit" class="btn" disabled tabindex="5"><span class="spinner"></span></button>`
break
}
const navItem = (v, label) => html`
<a class=${this.isDetached === v ? 'active' : ''} @click=${e => this.onSetDetached(v)}>${label}</a>
`
const baseOpt = (fork) => {
return html`
<option value=${fork.url} ?selected=${this.base === fork}>
${fork.forkOf && fork.forkOf.label ? fork.forkOf.label : 'Original'}
</option>
`
}
return html`
<link rel="stylesheet" href="beaker://assets/font-awesome.css">
<div class="wrapper">
<form @submit=${this.onSubmit}>
${this.isTemplate ? html`
<h1>Create a new drive</h1>
` : html`
<div class="tabbed-nav">
<span></span>
${navItem(false, 'Fork')}
${navItem(true, 'Copy')}
<span class="spacer"></span>
</div>
`}
${this.isDetached ? html`
<p class="help with-icon">
<span class="fas fa-fw fa-info"></span>
${this.isTemplate
? html`
Using
<a @click=${this.onClickTemplate}>${shorten(this.driveInfo.title, 20)}</a>
as a template.
`
: 'Make an independent copy of the drive.'}
</p>
<label for="title">Title</label>
<input autofocus name="title" tabindex="1" value=${this.title || ''} @change=${this.onChangeTitle} required placeholder="Title" />
<label for="desc">Description</label>
<input name="desc" tabindex="2" @change=${this.onChangeDescription} value=${this.description || ''} placeholder="Description (optional)">
<label for="tags">Tags</label>
<input name="tags" tabindex="3" @change=${this.onChangeTags} value=${this.tags || ''} placeholder="Tags (optional, separated by spaces)">
` : html`
<p class="help with-icon"><span class="fas fa-fw fa-info"></span> A fork is a linked copy of the drive which is used for making changes and then merging into the original.</p>
<div class="columns">
<div>
<label for="base">Base</label>
<div style="margin: 5px 0 8px">
<select name="base" tabindex="1" @change=${this.onChangeBase}>
${baseOpt(this.forks[0])}
<optgroup label="Forks">
${repeat(this.forks.slice(1), fork => baseOpt(fork))}
</optgroup>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<label for="label">Label</label>
<input
name="label"
tabindex="2"
value="${this.label}"
@change=${this.onChangeLabel}
placeholder="e.g. 'dev' or 'my-new-feature'"
autofocus
required
/>
<p class="help">The label will help you identify the fork.</p>
<label for="tags">Tags</label>
<input name="tags" tabindex="3" @change=${this.onChangeTags} value=${this.tags || ''} placeholder="Tags (optional, separated by spaces)">
</div>
</div>
`}
<hr>
<div class="form-actions">
${progressEl}
<div>
<button type="button" class="btn cancel" @click=${this.onClickCancel} tabindex="4">Cancel</button>
${actionBtn}
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
`
}
renderLoading () {
return html`
<div class="wrapper">
<div class="loading">Loading...</div>
<form>
<div class="form-actions">
<div></div>
<div>
<button type="button" class="btn cancel" @click=${this.onClickCancel} tabindex="4">Cancel</button>
<button type="submit" class="btn" tabindex="5" disabled>Create</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
`
}
// event handlers
// =
onClickTemplate (e) {
bg.beakerBrowser.openUrl(this.driveInfo.url, {setActive: true})
}
onSetDetached (v) {
this.isDetached = v
}
async onChangeBase (e) {
this.base = this.forks.find(fork => fork.url === e.currentTarget.value)
this.driveInfo = await bg.hyperdrive.getInfo(this.base.url)
this.requestUpdate()
}
onChangeLabel (e) {
this.label = e.target.value
}
onChangeTitle (e) {
this.title = e.target.value
}
onChangeDescription (e) {
this.description = e.target.value
}
onChangeTags (e) {
this.tags = e.target.value
}
onClickCancel (e) {
e.preventDefault()
this.cbs.reject(new Error('Canceled'))
}
async onSubmit (e) {
e.preventDefault()
if (this.isDetached) {
if (!this.title.trim()) return
} else {
if (!this.label.trim()) return
}
// this.state = STATES.DOWNLOADING
// await bg.hyperdrive.download(this.base.url)
this.state = STATES.CLONING
try {
var url = await bg.hyperdrive.forkDrive(this.base.url, {
detached: this.isDetached,
title: this.isDetached ? this.title : this.driveInfo.title,
description: this.isDetached ? this.description : this.driveInfo.description,
tags: this.tags.split(' '),
label: this.label,
prompt: false
})
this.cbs.resolve({url})
} catch (e) {
this.cbs.reject(e.message || e.toString())
}
}
}
customElements.define('fork-drive-modal', ForkDriveModal)
``` |
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