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```javascript
import Icon from '../../components/Icon.vue'
Icon.register({
'brands/optin-monster': {
width: 576,
height: 512,
paths: [
{
d: 'M572.6 421.4c1 3.5 1.9 7 1.7 10.7 0.8 31.6-44.3 64-73.5 65.1-17.3 0.8-34.6-8.4-42.7-23.5-113.5 4.1-227 4.9-340.2 0-8.4 15.1-25.7 24-43 23.5-28.9-1.1-74-33.5-73.5-65.1 0.3-3.8 0.8-7.3 1.9-10.8-5.6-9.4-4.8-15.3 5.4-11.6 3.3-5.2 7-9.5 11.1-13.8-2.5-10.9 1.3-14.1 11.1-9.2 4.5-3.3 10-6.5 15.9-9.2 0-15.8 11.8-11.2 17.3-5.7 12.5-1.8 20.2 0.7 26.8 5.7v-19.7c-12.9 0-40.6-11.4-45.9-36.2-5-20.8 2.6-38.1 25.1-47.6 0.8-5.9 8.1-14 14.9-15.9 7.6-1.9 12.5 4.6 14.1 10.3 7.4 0 17.8 1.5 21.1 8.1 5.4-0.5 11.1-1.4 16.5-1.9-2.4-1.9-5.1-3.5-8.1-4.6-5.1-8.9-13.8-11.1-24.6-11.6 0-0.8 0-1.6 0.3-2.7-19.8-0.5-44.1-5.6-54.9-17.8-21.3-23.6-15.9-83.6 12.2-103.5 8.4-5.7 21.6-0.8 22.7 9.7 2.4 20.6 0.4 26.8 26.2 25.9 8.1-7.8 16.8-14.6 26.5-20-14.9-1.3-28.9 1.6-43.8 3.8 12.7-12.5 23.9-25.4 56.7-42.4 23.5-11.9 50-20.8 76.2-23.2-18.6-7.9-40-11.9-59.7-16.5 76.5-16.2 174.6-22.1 244.2 37.6 18.1 15.4 32.4 36.2 42.7 60 39.8 4.9 36.4-5.5 38.6-25.1 1.1-10.3 14.3-15.4 22.7-9.5 14.9 10.5 22.2 30.8 24.6 48.1 2.2 17.8 0.3 41.3-12.4 55.1-10.8 12.2-34.3 17.6-53.8 18.1v2.8c-11.1 0.2-20.3 2.4-25.7 11.6-3 1.1-5.7 2.7-8.4 4.6 5.7 0.5 11.4 1.4 16.8 1.9 1.9-5.6 12.6-8.4 21.1-8.4 1.7-5.4 6.8-11.9 14.1-10.3 7.3 1.6 14.1 10 14.9 15.9 10.8 4.4 22.1 12.2 25.1 25.7 1.9 8.1 1.7 15.1 0.3 21.9-5.7 25.2-33.3 36.2-45.9 36.2 0 6.7 0 13.2-0.3 19.7 8.1-6 16.4-7.2 26.8-5.7 6-5.9 17.6-9.4 17.6 5.7 5.6 2.7 11.3 6 15.9 9.2 10.1-5 13.7-0.5 10.8 9.2 4.1 4.3 8.1 8.9 11.1 13.8 10.1-3.6 11 2.1 5.4 11.6zM498.8 167.4c17.3 6.7 26.2 22.1 30.3 35.7 1.1-10.6-2.7-39.5-13.8-51.1-7.3-7.3-14.1-5.1-14.1 0.8 0 6.2-1.3 11.6-2.4 14.6zM494.2 174.1c-3.2 3.3-9.2 4.9-14.1 5.7 13 15.7 17 41.7 12.7 63 10.8-2.2 20.5-6.3 26.2-12.2 1.9-2.2 3.8-4.9 4.9-7.6-1.1-21.3-10.2-42.7-29.7-48.9zM470.1 180.9c-3.7 0-8.1 0-11.8-0.3 7.5 20.6 12.4 42.7 14.3 64.6 3.5 0 7.5-0.3 11.6-0.8 5.9-24.3-0.3-51.6-14.1-63.5zM47.5 203c4.1-13.5 13-28.9 30.3-35.7-1-3-2.4-8.4-2.4-14.6 0-5.9-7.1-8.1-14.1-0.8-11.4 11.6-14.9 40.6-13.8 51.1zM57.2 230.6c5.7 6.2 15.4 10 26.2 12.2-4.3-21.4-0.3-47.3 12.7-63-4.9-0.8-10.9-2.5-14.1-5.7-19.4 6.2-28.3 27.6-29.7 48.9 1.4 2.7 3 5.4 4.9 7.6zM105.1 245.2c2.4-22.2 9.1-43.8 19.8-63.5-5.2 1.1-10 3-14.9 4.9l-12.2 5.1v-0.3c-7.3 14.1-10 34.4-5.4 53 4.6 0.5 8.6 0.8 12.7 0.8zM289.1 82.5c-41.9 0-76.2 34.1-76.2 75.9 0 42.2 34.3 76.2 76.2 76.2 41.9 0 76.2-34 76.2-76.2 0-41.9-34.3-75.9-76.2-75.9zM404.7 256.8c-12.9-0.8-26.2-0.8-39.5-1.1 10 50.6 3.3 64.7 16.5 58.1 16-8.1 22.7-39.2 23-57zM350.7 255.2c-18.9-0.3-38.1-0.3-57 0v-0.3c-0.3 5.2 0.2 38.1 4.3 41.1 11.1 5.4 39.5 4.6 51.1 1.1 5.4-1.6 2.4-37 1.6-41.9zM278.3 309c4.6-2.5 2.4-45.4 1.3-53.7v-0.3c-19.4 0.3-38.6 0.3-57.8 0.8-1.9 9.2-4.6 48.9 1.9 51.6 13 5.7 41.6 5.1 54.6 1.6zM171.8 257.9c-5.4 19.7 0.3 45.1 22.2 54.9 5.4 2.5 8.6 2.5 9.7-4.3 1.9-8.7 2.5-36.8 4.9-52.2-12.2 0.2-24.6 0.8-36.8 1.6zM136.4 289.2c2.4 3.7 1.6 9.1-8 12.5 43.8 47 92.7 85.7 155.9 106.5 67.5-19.2 115.6-60 163.2-107-11.1-4.3-7.7-10.3-7.3-11.6-8.9-0.8-17.9-1.9-26.5-2.7-9.5 33-36 52.9-46.8 31.6-2.7-5.2-3.5-11.7-4.6-16.8-3.8 8.4-13.3 8.1-24.6 8.9-13.2 1.1-31.6 1.3-44-3-3 12.9-11.1 12.9-26.8 14.3-14.1 1.4-48.7 4.1-54.9-10.8-1.1 28.7-35.1 10-45.1-7-3.2-5.7-5.4-11.4-7-17.6-7.8 0.8-15.7 1.6-23.5 2.7zM114.8 461.7c0.5-2.5 0.8-5.2 0.8-8.2-5.7-23.2-18.6-49.7-33.5-54-22.4-6.7-68.9 23.5-66.2 54.6 12.7 19.5 40 35.7 59.2 36.5 17.8 0.8 35.9-11.1 39.7-28.9zM106.1 395.7c9 16 15.5 33.3 16.7 51.9 33.5-19.4 69.1-35.7 105.9-47-38.7-20.5-68.1-47.8-97.3-77-2.1 1.3-5.1 2.4-7.8 3.5-1.6 4.9 8.7 5.3 5.4 12.4-2.1 4.1-8.6 7.6-15.1 9.2-2.1 2.7-5.1 4.9-7.8 6.5h-0.3c-0.2 13.5-0.2 27 0.3 40.5zM443.7 460.3c-36.8-21.3-74.1-41.3-115.6-53-13.8 6.2-27.9 11.3-42.2 15.4-2.1 0.8-2.1 0.8-4.3 0-11.9-3.7-23.3-8.1-34.9-13.2-40.2 11.6-77.3 29.2-112.4 50.8h-0.3v0.3c0.3 0 0.3 0 0.3-0.3 103.2 4.1 206.4 3.5 309.4 0zM454.2 447.9c1-14.7 7.2-35.8 16.5-51.7l-0.3 0.3c0.5-13.7 0.8-27.5 0.8-41.3-3-1.7-5.7-4.1-8.1-6.8-6.5-1.3-12.9-5.1-15.1-8.9-1.9-4.1 1.3-7.6 5.9-10.3-0.2-0.5-0.5-1.6-0.5-2.4-3-0.8-5.4-1.8-7.6-3.2-31.6 29.4-65.4 56.7-103.5 76.7 38.9 11.7 76 28.1 111.9 47.6zM560.1 454.1c3-31.1-43.5-61.4-66.2-54.5-14.6 4.3-27.8 30.8-33.5 54 0 23.8 21.2 37.9 40.5 37 19.2-0.8 46.5-17 59.2-36.5zM372.9 75.2c-35.7-39.2-81.4-47.8-126-23.5 25.2-56.2 122.2-48.6 126 23.5zM74.8 407.1c14.9-1.9 24.6 19.2 18.6 30.8-4.8 9.7-23.7 24.1-35.9 27.3-16.5 4.6-32.2-3.3-32.2-14.9 0-17.8 33.8-41.6 49.5-43.2zM290.7 230.9c-30.9 0-57.6-25.7-50.3-59.8 13.2 20.7 46.5 12 46.5-11.3 0-10-7-18.6-16.5-21.6 31.7-13.8 72.2 8.2 72.2 44.3 0 26.8-23.3 48.4-51.9 48.4zM68 474.1c-0.5-8.4 20.3-23.5 29.2-25.1 8.6-1.6 12.7 11.4 9.7 18.4-2.7 5.7-10.5 13.5-17.3 16.2-9.4 3.2-21.1-3-21.6-9.5zM501.2 407.1c15.7 1.6 49.5 25.4 49.5 43.2 0 11.7-15.7 19.5-32.2 14.9-12.1-3.2-31.3-17.6-36.2-27.3-5.7-11.6 4-32.7 18.9-30.8zM478.8 449c8.9 1.6 30 16.7 29.1 25.1-0.2 6.5-12.1 12.7-21.3 9.5-7-2.7-14.9-10.5-17.3-16.2-2.9-7.1 1.1-20 9.5-18.4z'
}
]
}
})
```
|
Former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's political views have shifted during his lengthy career. Support for "Asian values," liberal Islam and Malay nationalism have long been part of Mahathir's political ideals. He has long been a critic of the foreign policy of the United States and other Western nations. Mahathirism has had an influence over subsequent Malaysian administrations.
Overview
During the 1980s, he was a supporter of Third-Worldism, while during other periods he has been a proponent of "Asian values" and globalization.
Mahathir is a vocal critic of neoliberalism and the Western world. In 2011, Mahathir suggested that the September 11 attacks might have been staged by the United States government. Mahathir condemned the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1997, suggesting it be revised to place greater importance on economic growth over civil liberties.
A Muslim thinker, he holds Islamic political views. In 2002, he characterised himself as a Islamic fundamentalist. Mahathir is generally respected in developing and Islamic countries, particularly due to his oversight of Malaysia's economic growth and his support of liberal Muslim values.
He has been described as anti-royalist by Libération, owing to his efforts to oppose immunity for members of Malaysia's monarchies.
Malay nationalism
Mahathir has been described as a proponent of Malay nationalism. In The Malay Dilemma, he argued that the Malay race had been marginalised, and voiced his support for affirmative action policies for them. Upon his first resignation, he expressed his disappointment at the progress made towards his "principle task" of supporting the Malay race. In 2021, Mahathir said he did not believe in "Ketuanan Melayu", calling it a "fantasy", and said instead that he believed in "Bangsa Malaysia".
Environment
Mahathir has advocated for a balance between environmental protection and natural resource use for economic growth. He referred to the outcomes of the Earth Summit as "eco-imperialism", arguing that Global North countries put an undue burden on Global South countries for environmental degradation.
Allegations of antisemitism
A strident critic of Israel, Mahathir has been accused of antisemitism throughout his political life. In The Malay Dilemma, he wrote that "Jews are not merely hook-nosed, but understand money instinctively". In August 1983, Mahathir claimed in a speech that Jews control the international media. In March 1994, he banned the screening of Schindler's List on the grounds that he viewed it as anti-German, pro-Jewish propaganda. During the collapse of the ringgit and the economic crisis in 1997, he made a series of remarks blaming Jews, in particular George Soros, a Jewish "agenda", and "an international Jewish conspiracy" attempting to destroy the economies of Muslim countries.
During an Organization of Islamic Cooperation summit held in Kuala Lumpur in 2003, he accused Jews of "ruling the world by proxy" and getting "others to fight and die for them". His speech was denounced by President George W. Bush. In 2012, he claimed he was "glad to be labelled antisemitic". In a 2018 BBC interview he repeated similar statements, as well as disputing the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust. In 2019, when asked why he had previously claimed that Jews are "inclined towards money" he responded that he had Jewish friends, and that "they are not like the other Jews, that's why they are my friends." Mahathir has defended his comments about Jews as an exercise of free speech, and by claiming that "the Jews do a lot of wrong things which force us to pass comment."
LGBT rights
Mahathir opposes an expansion of LGBT rights in Malaysia. In 2001, Mahathir said that any homosexual ministers from the United Kingdom would be barred from entering Malaysia. During an October 2018 lecture to university students in Bangkok, Mahathir contrasted Malaysian values with those of Western nations and cited "the institution of marriage [and] the family" in his opposition to LGBT.
Foreign affairs
In 2020, Mahathir expressed support for Joe Biden in the 2020 United States presidential election, saying that the re-election of Donald Trump would be a "disaster".
References
External links
What is Mahathirism? at Malaysiakini
Mahathir Mohamad
Conservatism in Malaysia
Politics of Malaysia
Malaysian nationalism
|
Susana Maria Villaverde (born 9 February 1955) was a former Swiss tennis player born in Argentina.
She played in singles at the French Open in 1976. Lost to the Italian Daniela Marzano in the first round. Her partner in women's doubles, Argentina Elvira Weisenberger lost in the Second round to Uruguayan Fiorella Bonicelli and French Gail Chanfreau.
Career finals
Singles (2–0)
Doubles (2–5)
References
External links
1955 births
Swiss people of Argentine descent
Sportspeople of Argentine descent
Argentine female tennis players
Swiss female tennis players
Living people
|
Emmanouil "Manolis" Mylonakis (born 9 April 1985) is a Greek former water polo player who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and 2012 Summer Olympics. He was also a member of the team that competed for Greece at the 2016 Summer Olympics. They finished in 6th place.
He plays for Greek powerhouse Olympiacos, with whom he won the 2017–18 LEN Champions League. His sister Anthoula Mylonaki was also a Water Polo Olympian, winning a silver medal with Greece in 2004.
Titles
9 Greek Championships
10 Greek Cups
1 Greek Super Cup
1 LEN Champions League
See also
Greece men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Greek male water polo players
Olympiacos Water Polo Club players
Olympic water polo players for Greece
Water polo players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
World Aquatics Championships medalists in water polo
Water polo players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games medalists in water polo
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Greece
Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games
Water polo players from Chania
Ethnikos Piraeus Water Polo Club players
|
Lee Joohee (born ) is a South Korean female track cyclist. She won the bronze medal in the team pursuit at the 2016 Asian Cycling Championships.
References
1991 births
Living people
South Korean track cyclists
South Korean female cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century South Korean women
21st-century South Korean people
|
Płaszczyca is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Przechlewo, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Przechlewo, north of Człuchów, and south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. It is located within the historic region of Pomerania.
Płaszczyca was a private village within the Polish Crown, administratively located in the Człuchów County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, owned by the Polish noble family of Ciecholewski in the 16th century. It was annexed by Prussia during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, and from 1871 to 1945 it was also part of Germany, under the name Platzig. During World War II the Germans operated a labor camp for prisoners of war from the Stalag II-B prisoner-of-war camp in the village.
References
Villages in Człuchów County
|
```c++
// your_sha256_hash------------
// - Open3D: www.open3d.org -
// your_sha256_hash------------
// your_sha256_hash------------
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include "open3d/core/CUDAUtils.h"
#include "open3d/core/MemoryManager.h"
namespace open3d {
namespace core {
void* MemoryManagerCUDA::Malloc(size_t byte_size, const Device& device) {
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(device);
void* ptr;
if (device.IsCUDA()) {
#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11020
if (cuda::SupportsMemoryPools(device)) {
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMallocAsync(static_cast<void**>(&ptr),
byte_size, cuda::GetStream()));
} else {
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc(static_cast<void**>(&ptr), byte_size));
}
#else
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMalloc(static_cast<void**>(&ptr), byte_size));
#endif
} else {
utility::LogError("Internal error: Unimplemented device {}.",
device.ToString());
}
return ptr;
}
void MemoryManagerCUDA::Free(void* ptr, const Device& device) {
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(device);
if (device.IsCUDA()) {
if (ptr && IsCUDAPointer(ptr, device)) {
#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11020
if (cuda::SupportsMemoryPools(device)) {
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaFreeAsync(ptr, cuda::GetStream()));
} else {
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(ptr));
}
#else
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaFree(ptr));
#endif
}
} else {
utility::LogError("Internal error: Unimplemented device {}.",
device.ToString());
}
}
void MemoryManagerCUDA::Memcpy(void* dst_ptr,
const Device& dst_device,
const void* src_ptr,
const Device& src_device,
size_t num_bytes) {
if (dst_device.IsCUDA() && src_device.IsCPU()) {
if (!IsCUDAPointer(dst_ptr, dst_device)) {
utility::LogError("dst_ptr is not a CUDA pointer.");
}
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(dst_device);
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(dst_ptr, src_ptr, num_bytes,
cudaMemcpyHostToDevice,
cuda::GetStream()));
} else if (dst_device.IsCPU() && src_device.IsCUDA()) {
if (!IsCUDAPointer(src_ptr, src_device)) {
utility::LogError("src_ptr is not a CUDA pointer.");
}
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(src_device);
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(dst_ptr, src_ptr, num_bytes,
cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost,
cuda::GetStream()));
} else if (dst_device.IsCUDA() && src_device.IsCUDA()) {
if (!IsCUDAPointer(dst_ptr, dst_device)) {
utility::LogError("dst_ptr is not a CUDA pointer.");
}
if (!IsCUDAPointer(src_ptr, src_device)) {
utility::LogError("src_ptr is not a CUDA pointer.");
}
if (dst_device == src_device) {
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(src_device);
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(dst_ptr, src_ptr, num_bytes,
cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice,
cuda::GetStream()));
} else if (CUDAState::GetInstance().IsP2PEnabled(src_device.GetID(),
dst_device.GetID())) {
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyPeerAsync(
dst_ptr, dst_device.GetID(), src_ptr, src_device.GetID(),
num_bytes, cuda::GetStream()));
} else {
void* cpu_buf = MemoryManager::Malloc(num_bytes, Device("CPU:0"));
{
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(src_device);
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(cpu_buf, src_ptr, num_bytes,
cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost,
cuda::GetStream()));
}
{
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(dst_device);
OPEN3D_CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(dst_ptr, cpu_buf, num_bytes,
cudaMemcpyHostToDevice,
cuda::GetStream()));
}
MemoryManager::Free(cpu_buf, Device("CPU:0"));
}
} else {
utility::LogError("Wrong cudaMemcpyKind.");
}
}
bool MemoryManagerCUDA::IsCUDAPointer(const void* ptr, const Device& device) {
CUDAScopedDevice scoped_device(device);
cudaPointerAttributes attributes;
cudaPointerGetAttributes(&attributes, ptr);
return attributes.devicePointer != nullptr ? true : false;
}
} // namespace core
} // namespace open3d
```
|
São Cristóvão (officially named Imperial de São Cristóvão) is a traditional neighborhood in north of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
History
The first inhabitants were the Tamoio Indians. After Brazil was discovered and colonized by Portugal, the Jesuits inhabited the place. In 1759, the Marquis of Pombal expelled the Jesuits, and the farms of the region were divided up to form small farms and quintas (residences located in rural properties). One of these was the Quinta da Boa Vista.
In 1810, King John VI of Portugal adopted the Quinta da Boa Vista as his official residence, the Paço de São Cristóvão. Around it mansions and streets were built and electric light was installed. The local aristocracy moved to the neighborhood.
During the 19th century, several meters of land were reclaimed from the sea, and the swamps were drained. Pedro II of Brazil, who was the country's second emperor, was born and bred in the neighborhood and from there he ruled the country for almost half a century. During his reign the neighborhood was modernized and industries were installed. On November 15, 1889, he was overthrown in a military revolt, and the Quinta da Boa Vista was turned into a museum in 1893.
Since before the transposition of the Portuguese Court to the neighbourhood, the place attracted a growing Portuguese diaspora. Since then, the neighbourhood is home to a significant number of Portuguese heritage families. The neighbourhood is widely known for being the host of a significant Portuguese diasporic community, especially alongside the zones of Rua São Cristóvão, Euclides da Cunha, and Fonseca Telles. Today, several second and third generation children born in the Portuguese diaspora of São Cristóvão are known to have emigrated back to Europe, after acquiring Portuguese citizenship via their parents or grandparents.
In 1940, the Avenida Brasil, the most important road to transport the neighborhood's production, was inaugurated.
Especially during the 1950s and the 1960s, the industrialization of the area attracted migrants from several different regions of Brazil, particularly from the Northeast.
Sports
São Cristóvão is the home of São Cristóvão de Futebol e Regatas, which is a traditional Rio de Janeiro football (soccer) club. The club's stadium, Estádio Figueira de Melo, commonly known by its nickname Figueirinha, is also located in the neighborhood.
Cultural attractions
The neighbourhood has several historical buildings, of which some are historical museums like the Museu do Primeiro Reinado and the Museu Militar Conde de Linhares.
The former National Museum, its former library and the zoological garden of Rio de Janeiro are located in the Quinta da Boa Vista park.
There are four churches in the neighborhood, Church of São Cristóvão (Igreja de São Cristóvão), Church of Saint Edwigs (Igreja de Santa Edwiges), Church of Saint Roque (Igreja de São Roque), and the Church of Saint Januarius and Saint Augustine (Igreja de São Januário e São Augustinho).
The São Cristóvão's Fair (Feira de São Cristóvão) is another popular attraction. It is always carried out on Sundays, by the Northeast Region community.
Notable residents
Carlos Latuff (cartoonist)
References
External links
Os Bairros
Neighborhood's commercial association
Neighbourhoods in Rio de Janeiro (city)
|
```xml
/*
* Wire
*
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program. If not, see path_to_url
*
*/
import React, {useState} from 'react';
import {StatusCodes as HTTP_STATUS} from 'http-status-codes';
import {useIntl} from 'react-intl';
import {Button, COLOR, Container, ErrorMessage, Form, H2, Input, Link, Modal, Text} from '@wireapp/react-ui-kit';
import {Config} from '../../Config';
import {joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings} from '../../strings';
export interface JoinGuestLinkPasswordModalProps {
onSubmitPassword: (password: string) => void;
isLoading?: boolean;
conversationName?: string;
error: (Error & {label?: string; code?: number; message?: string}) | null;
onClose: () => void;
}
const JoinGuestLinkPasswordModal: React.FC<JoinGuestLinkPasswordModalProps> = ({
error,
onClose,
isLoading,
conversationName,
onSubmitPassword,
}) => {
const {formatMessage: _} = useIntl();
const [passwordValue, setPasswordValue] = useState<string>('');
const onSubmit = (event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement | HTMLButtonElement>) => {
event.preventDefault();
onSubmitPassword(passwordValue);
};
const Error = () => {
if (error?.code === HTTP_STATUS.FORBIDDEN || error?.code === HTTP_STATUS.BAD_REQUEST) {
return <ErrorMessage>{_(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.passwordIncorrect)}</ErrorMessage>;
}
return null;
};
return (
<Modal onClose={onClose}>
<Container style={{maxWidth: '400px'}}>
<H2 style={{whiteSpace: 'break-spaces', fontWeight: 500, marginTop: '10px', textAlign: 'center'}}>
{conversationName
? _(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.headline, {conversationName})
: _(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.headlineDefault)}
</H2>
<Text block fontSize="var(--font-size-base)" style={{marginBottom: 24}}>
{_(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.description)}
</Text>
<Form
name="guest-password-join-form"
data-uie-name="guest-password-join-form"
onSubmit={(event: React.FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => onSubmit(event)}
autoComplete="off"
>
<Input
error={<Error />}
data-uie-name="guest-link-join-password-input"
name="guest-join-password"
required
placeholder={_(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.passwordInputLabel)}
label={_(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.passwordInputLabel)}
id="guest_link_join_password"
className="modal__input"
type="password"
autoComplete="off"
value={passwordValue}
onChange={event => setPasswordValue(event.currentTarget.value)}
/>
</Form>
<Link href={Config.getConfig().URL.SUPPORT.LEARN_MORE_ABOUT_GUEST_LINKS} target="_blank">
<Text block color={COLOR.BLUE} style={{textDecoration: 'underline', marginBottom: 24}}>
{_(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.learnMoreLink)}
</Text>
</Link>
<Button
showLoading={isLoading}
block
type="button"
disabled={!passwordValue}
onClick={(event: React.FormEvent<HTMLButtonElement>) => onSubmit(event)}
data-uie-name="guest-link-join-submit-button"
>
{_(joinGuestLinkPasswordModalStrings.joinConversation)}
</Button>
</Container>
</Modal>
);
};
export {JoinGuestLinkPasswordModal};
```
|
Piven ("rooster" in Ukrainian) is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include:
Byrne Piven (1929–2002), American actor
Frances Fox Piven (born 1932), American sociologist and political scientist
Hanoch Piven (born 1963), Israeli artist
Jeremy Piven (born 1965), American actor
Joyce Piven (born 1930), American director
Shahar Piven (born 1995), Israeli footballer
Shira Piven (born 1961), American director
Pouria Piven (born 2000),Singer and Music/HipHop/Rap Artist
See also
Ukrainian-language surnames
|
```c++
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
#include "paddle/phi/infermeta/spmd_rules/elementwise.h"
#include "glog/logging.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/distributed/auto_parallel/dist_attr.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/distributed/auto_parallel/inferspmd_utils.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/distributed/auto_parallel/utils.h"
#include "paddle/phi/infermeta/spmd_rules/utils.h"
namespace phi::distributed {
SpmdInfo SwiGLUInferSpmd(const DistMetaTensor& x, const DistMetaTensor& y) {
// y.dist_attr() is empty means y is None
if (y.dist_attr() == TensorDistAttr()) {
auto x_dims_mapping = x.dist_attr().dims_mapping();
if (x_dims_mapping.back() != -1) {
LOG(WARNING)
<< "Note: Input x's dims_mapping[-1] != -1, but the input y is none "
"and the input x will be split again in the last dimension.";
}
auto res = ElementwiseUnaryInferSpmd(x);
return {{res.first[0], y.dist_attr()}, {res.second[0]}};
} else {
return ElementwiseBinaryInferSpmd(x, y);
}
}
SpmdInfo SwiGLUInferSpmdReverse(const DistMetaTensor& x,
const DistMetaTensor& y,
const DistMetaTensor& out) {
if (y.dist_attr() == TensorDistAttr()) {
auto x_dims_mapping = x.dist_attr().dims_mapping();
if (x_dims_mapping.back() != -1) {
LOG(WARNING)
<< "Note: Input x's dims_mapping[-1] != -1, but the input y is none "
"and the input x will be split again in the last dimension.";
}
auto res = ElementwiseUnaryInferSpmdReverse(x, out);
return {{res.first[0], y.dist_attr()}, {res.second[0]}};
} else {
return ElementwiseBinaryInferSpmdReverse(x, y, out);
}
}
SpmdInfo SwiGLUGradInferSpmd(const DistMetaTensor& x,
const DistMetaTensor& y,
const DistMetaTensor& out_grad) {
if (y.dist_attr() == TensorDistAttr()) {
auto x_dims_mapping = x.dist_attr().dims_mapping();
if (x_dims_mapping.back() != -1) {
LOG(WARNING)
<< "Note: Input x's dims_mapping[-1] != -1, but the input y is none "
"and the input x will be split again in the last dimension.";
}
auto res = ElementwiseUnaryGradInferSpmd(x, out_grad);
return {{res.first[0], y.dist_attr(), res.first[1]},
{res.second[0], y.dist_attr()}};
} else {
return ElementwiseBinaryGradInferSpmd(x, y, out_grad);
}
}
} // namespace phi::distributed
```
|
Kantira is a village in Jajpur district of Odisha, India.
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census of India, Kantira had a population of 1,448, of which 750 were males and 698 were females. Population within the age group of 0 to 6 years was 196. The total number of literates in Kantira was 880, which constituted 70.29% of the population with male literacy of 80.50% and female literacy of 59.57%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population under India's system of positive discrimination was 1,311 and 0 respectively. Kantira had 283 households in 2011.
References
Villages in Jajpur district
|
```c
/* SOM object file format.
This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2,
or (at your option) any later version.
GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307, USA.
Written by the Center for Software Science at the University of Utah
and by Cygnus Support. */
#include "as.h"
#include "subsegs.h"
#include "aout/stab_gnu.h"
#include "obstack.h"
static void obj_som_weak PARAMS ((int));
const pseudo_typeS obj_pseudo_table[] =
{
{"weak", obj_som_weak, 0},
{NULL, NULL, 0}
};
static int version_seen = 0;
static int copyright_seen = 0;
static int compiler_seen = 0;
/* Unused by SOM. */
void
obj_read_begin_hook ()
{
}
/* Handle a .compiler directive. This is intended to create the
compilation unit auxiliary header for MPE such that the linkeditor
can handle SOM extraction from archives. The format of the quoted
string is "sourcefile language version" and is delimited by blanks. */
void
obj_som_compiler (unused)
int unused;
{
char *buf;
char c;
char *filename;
char *language_name;
char *p;
char *version_id;
if (compiler_seen)
{
as_bad ("Only one .compiler pseudo-op per file!");
ignore_rest_of_line ();
return;
}
SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
if (*input_line_pointer == '\"')
{
buf = input_line_pointer;
++input_line_pointer;
while (is_a_char (next_char_of_string ()))
;
c = *input_line_pointer;
*input_line_pointer = '\000';
}
else
{
as_bad ("Expected quoted string");
ignore_rest_of_line ();
return;
}
/* Parse the quoted string into its component parts. Skip the
quote. */
filename = buf + 1;
p = filename;
while (*p != ' ' && *p != '\000')
p++;
if (*p == '\000')
{
as_bad (".compiler directive missing language and version");
return;
}
*p = '\000';
language_name = ++p;
while (*p != ' ' && *p != '\000')
p++;
if (*p == '\000')
{
as_bad (".compiler directive missing version");
return;
}
*p = '\000';
version_id = ++p;
while (*p != '\000')
p++;
/* Remove the trailing quote. */
*(--p) = '\000';
compiler_seen = 1;
if (! bfd_som_attach_compilation_unit (stdoutput, filename, language_name,
"GNU Tools", version_id))
{
bfd_perror (stdoutput->filename);
as_fatal ("FATAL: Attaching compiler header %s", stdoutput->filename);
}
*input_line_pointer = c;
demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
}
/* Handle a .version directive. */
void
obj_som_version (unused)
int unused;
{
char *version, c;
if (version_seen)
{
as_bad (_("Only one .version pseudo-op per file!"));
ignore_rest_of_line ();
return;
}
SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
if (*input_line_pointer == '\"')
{
version = input_line_pointer;
++input_line_pointer;
while (is_a_char (next_char_of_string ()))
;
c = *input_line_pointer;
*input_line_pointer = '\000';
}
else
{
as_bad (_("Expected quoted string"));
ignore_rest_of_line ();
return;
}
version_seen = 1;
if (!bfd_som_attach_aux_hdr (stdoutput, VERSION_AUX_ID, version))
{
bfd_perror (stdoutput->filename);
as_perror (_("FATAL: Attaching version header %s"),
stdoutput->filename);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
*input_line_pointer = c;
demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
}
/* Handle a .copyright directive. This probably isn't complete, but
it's of dubious value anyway and (IMHO) not worth the time to finish.
If you care about copyright strings that much, you fix it. */
void
obj_som_copyright (unused)
int unused;
{
char *copyright, c;
if (copyright_seen)
{
as_bad (_("Only one .copyright pseudo-op per file!"));
ignore_rest_of_line ();
return;
}
SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
if (*input_line_pointer == '\"')
{
copyright = input_line_pointer;
++input_line_pointer;
while (is_a_char (next_char_of_string ()))
;
c = *input_line_pointer;
*input_line_pointer = '\000';
}
else
{
as_bad (_("Expected quoted string"));
ignore_rest_of_line ();
return;
}
copyright_seen = 1;
if (!bfd_som_attach_aux_hdr (stdoutput, COPYRIGHT_AUX_ID, copyright))
{
bfd_perror (stdoutput->filename);
as_perror (_("FATAL: Attaching copyright header %s"),
stdoutput->filename);
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
*input_line_pointer = c;
demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
}
/* Perform any initialization necessary for stabs support.
For SOM we need to create the space which will contain the
two stabs subspaces. Additionally we need to set up the
space/subspace relationships and set space/subspace attributes
which BFD does not understand. */
void
obj_som_init_stab_section (seg)
segT seg;
{
segT saved_seg = now_seg;
segT space;
subsegT saved_subseg = now_subseg;
char *p, *file;
unsigned int stroff;
/* Make the space which will contain the debug subspaces. */
space = bfd_make_section_old_way (stdoutput, "$GDB_DEBUG$");
/* Set SOM specific attributes for the space. In particular we set
the space "defined", "private", "sort_key", and "spnum" values.
Due to a bug in pxdb (called by hpux linker), the sort keys
of the various stabs spaces/subspaces need to be "small". We
reserve range 72/73 which appear to work well. */
obj_set_section_attributes (space, 1, 1, 72, 2);
bfd_set_section_alignment (stdoutput, space, 2);
/* Set the containing space for both stab sections to be $GDB_DEBUG$
(just created above). Also set some attributes which BFD does
not understand. In particular, access bits, sort keys, and load
quadrant. */
obj_set_subsection_attributes (seg, space, 0x1f, 73, 0);
bfd_set_section_alignment (stdoutput, seg, 2);
/* Make some space for the first special stab entry and zero the memory.
It contains information about the length of this file's
stab string and the like. Using it avoids the need to
relocate the stab strings.
The $GDB_STRINGS$ space will be created as a side effect of
the call to get_stab_string_offset. */
p = frag_more (12);
memset (p, 0, 12);
as_where (&file, (unsigned int *) NULL);
stroff = get_stab_string_offset (file, "$GDB_STRINGS$");
know (stroff == 1);
md_number_to_chars (p, stroff, 4);
seg_info (seg)->stabu.p = p;
/* Set the containing space for both stab sections to be $GDB_DEBUG$
(just created above). Also set some attributes which BFD does
not understand. In particular, access bits, sort keys, and load
quadrant. */
seg = bfd_get_section_by_name (stdoutput, "$GDB_STRINGS$");
obj_set_subsection_attributes (seg, space, 0x1f, 72, 0);
bfd_set_section_alignment (stdoutput, seg, 2);
subseg_set (saved_seg, saved_subseg);
}
/* Fill in the counts in the first entry in a .stabs section. */
static void
adjust_stab_sections (abfd, sec, xxx)
bfd *abfd;
asection *sec;
PTR xxx;
{
asection *strsec;
char *p;
int strsz, nsyms;
if (strcmp ("$GDB_SYMBOLS$", sec->name))
return;
strsec = bfd_get_section_by_name (abfd, "$GDB_STRINGS$");
if (strsec)
strsz = bfd_section_size (abfd, strsec);
else
strsz = 0;
nsyms = bfd_section_size (abfd, sec) / 12 - 1;
p = seg_info (sec)->stabu.p;
assert (p != 0);
bfd_h_put_16 (abfd, (bfd_vma) nsyms, (bfd_byte *) p + 6);
bfd_h_put_32 (abfd, (bfd_vma) strsz, (bfd_byte *) p + 8);
}
/* Called late in the assembly phase to adjust the special
stab entry and to set the starting address for each code subspace. */
void
som_frob_file ()
{
bfd_map_over_sections (stdoutput, adjust_stab_sections, (PTR) 0);
}
static void
obj_som_weak (ignore)
int ignore ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
char *name;
int c;
symbolS *symbolP;
do
{
name = input_line_pointer;
c = get_symbol_end ();
symbolP = symbol_find_or_make (name);
*input_line_pointer = c;
SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
S_SET_WEAK (symbolP);
#if 0
symbol_get_obj (symbolP)->local = 1;
#endif
if (c == ',')
{
input_line_pointer++;
SKIP_WHITESPACE ();
if (*input_line_pointer == '\n')
c = '\n';
}
}
while (c == ',');
demand_empty_rest_of_line ();
}
```
|
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\DisplayVideo;
class DeviceMakeModelAssignedTargetingOptionDetails extends \Google\Model
{
/**
* @var string
*/
public $displayName;
/**
* @var bool
*/
public $negative;
/**
* @var string
*/
public $targetingOptionId;
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setDisplayName($displayName)
{
$this->displayName = $displayName;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getDisplayName()
{
return $this->displayName;
}
/**
* @param bool
*/
public function setNegative($negative)
{
$this->negative = $negative;
}
/**
* @return bool
*/
public function getNegative()
{
return $this->negative;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setTargetingOptionId($targetingOptionId)
{
$this->targetingOptionId = $targetingOptionId;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getTargetingOptionId()
{
return $this->targetingOptionId;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(DeviceMakeModelAssignedTargetingOptionDetails::class, your_sha256_hashonDetails');
```
|
Lānaihale is a mountain peak in Hawaii. It is the highest point of the island of Lanai.
References
Mountains of Hawaii
Landforms of Lanai
|
The Darker Side of Nonsense is the first full-length album by the American heavy metal band Dry Kill Logic. It was released on June 5, 2001, by Roadrunner Records and was the band's only release on that label. The album spent two weeks on the Billboard Independent Albums chart, peaking at number 27.
Track listing
Personnel
Dry Kill Logic
Cliff Rigano - vocals
Scott Thompson - guitars
Dave Kowatch - bass guitar
Phil Arcuri - drums, additional guitars
Production
Rob Caggiano – guitar, harmony vocals, mixing, engineer, percussion, noise, producer
George Marino – mastering
Eddie Wohl – keyboards, producer, mixing, engineer
Steve Regina – producer, mixing, engineer
Daniel Moss – photography
The Collective - design
Alexander Kneselac - illustration
Bob Burns, Jr. – guitar
J-Sin – vocals
Dry Kill Logic – main performer
J.P. Sheganoski – engineer
Matt Myhal – harmony vocals
References
Dry Kill Logic albums
2001 debut albums
Roadrunner Records albums
|
```kotlin
package net.corda.client.rpc.ext
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder
import net.corda.client.rpc.CordaRPCClientConfiguration
import net.corda.client.rpc.RPCConnection
import net.corda.client.rpc.RPCException
import net.corda.client.rpc.internal.RPCClient
import net.corda.client.rpc.internal.SerializationEnvironmentHelper
import net.corda.core.context.Actor
import net.corda.core.context.Trace
import net.corda.core.identity.CordaX500Name
import net.corda.core.messaging.ClientRpcSslOptions
import net.corda.core.messaging.RPCOps
import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializationCustomSerializer
import net.corda.core.serialization.SerializationWhitelist
import net.corda.core.utilities.NetworkHostAndPort
import net.corda.core.utilities.contextLogger
import net.corda.nodeapi.internal.ArtemisTcpTransport
import net.corda.serialization.internal.AMQP_RPC_CLIENT_CONTEXT
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
import java.util.concurrent.Executors
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean
/**
* An RPC client connects to the specified server and allows to make calls using specified remote interface to the server that perform various
* useful tasks. Please see the Client RPC section of [Corda Documentation](path_to_url to learn more about how this API works.
* Only a brief description is provided here.
*
* Calling [start] returns an [RPCConnection] containing a proxy that allows making RPCs calls to the server.
* This is a blocking communication, and if the server throws an exception then it will be rethrown on the client. Proxies are thread safe and
* may be used to invoke multiple RPCs in parallel.
*
* RPC sends and receives are logged on the `net.corda.rpc` logger.
*
* In case of loss of connection to the server, the client will try to reconnect using the settings provided via
* [CordaRPCClientConfiguration]. If the client was created using a list of hosts via [haAddressPool], automatic failover will occur
* (the servers have to be started in HA mode). While attempting failover, current and future RPC calls will throw
* [RPCException].
*
* It is also possible to add [RPCConnectionListener]s event before connection is started to be notified about connection lifecycle.
* Please see documentation on [RPCConnectionListener] for more details.
*
* @param hostAndPort The network address to connect to.
* @param haAddressPool A list of [NetworkHostAndPort] representing the addresses of servers in HA mode.
* The client will attempt to connect to a live server by trying each address in the list. If the servers are not in
* HA mode, the client will round-robin from the beginning of the list and try all servers.
* @param rpcOpsClass [Class] instance of the [RPCOps] remote interface that will be used for communication.
* @param username The username to authenticate with.
* @param password The password to authenticate with.
* @param configuration An optional configuration used to tweak client behaviour.
* @param sslConfiguration An optional [ClientRpcSslOptions] used to enable secure communication with the server.
* @param classLoader a classloader, which will be used (if provided) to discover available [SerializationCustomSerializer]s
* and [SerializationWhitelist]s. If no classloader is provided, the classloader of the current class will be used by default
* for the aforementioned discovery process.
* @param customSerializers a set of [SerializationCustomSerializer]s to be used. If this parameter is specified, then no classpath scanning
* will be performed for custom serializers, the provided ones will be used instead. This parameter serves as a more user-friendly option
* to specify your serializers and disable the classpath scanning (e.g. for performance reasons).
* @param externalTrace external [Trace] for correlation.
* @param impersonatedActor the actor on behalf of which all the invocations will be made.
* @param targetLegalIdentity in case of multi-identity RPC endpoint specific legal identity to which the calls must be addressed.
*/
class MultiRPCClient<I : RPCOps> private constructor(
private val hostAndPort: NetworkHostAndPort?,
private val haAddressPool: List<NetworkHostAndPort>,
private val rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
private val username: String,
private val password: String,
private val configuration: CordaRPCClientConfiguration = CordaRPCClientConfiguration.DEFAULT,
private val sslConfiguration: ClientRpcSslOptions? = null,
private val classLoader: ClassLoader? = null,
private val customSerializers: Set<SerializationCustomSerializer<*, *>>? = null,
private val externalTrace: Trace? = null,
private val impersonatedActor: Actor? = null,
private val targetLegalIdentity: CordaX500Name? = null
) : AutoCloseable {
private companion object {
private val logger = contextLogger()
}
@JvmOverloads
constructor(
hostAndPort: NetworkHostAndPort,
rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
username: String,
password: String,
configuration: CordaRPCClientConfiguration = CordaRPCClientConfiguration.DEFAULT
) : this(
hostAndPort = hostAndPort,
haAddressPool = emptyList(),
rpcOpsClass = rpcOpsClass,
username = username,
password = password,
configuration = configuration
)
constructor(
hostAndPort: NetworkHostAndPort,
rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
username: String,
password: String,
classLoader: ClassLoader,
configuration: CordaRPCClientConfiguration = CordaRPCClientConfiguration.DEFAULT
) : this(
hostAndPort = hostAndPort,
rpcOpsClass = rpcOpsClass,
username = username,
password = password,
configuration = configuration,
sslConfiguration = null,
classLoader = classLoader
)
constructor(
hostAndPort: NetworkHostAndPort,
rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
username: String,
password: String,
sslConfiguration: ClientRpcSslOptions? = null,
classLoader: ClassLoader? = null
) : this(
hostAndPort = hostAndPort,
haAddressPool = emptyList(),
rpcOpsClass = rpcOpsClass,
username = username,
password = password,
sslConfiguration = sslConfiguration,
classLoader = classLoader
)
@JvmOverloads
constructor(
hostAndPort: NetworkHostAndPort,
rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
username: String,
password: String,
configuration: CordaRPCClientConfiguration,
sslConfiguration: ClientRpcSslOptions?,
classLoader: ClassLoader? = null
) : this(
hostAndPort = hostAndPort,
haAddressPool = emptyList(),
rpcOpsClass = rpcOpsClass,
username = username,
password = password,
configuration = configuration,
sslConfiguration = sslConfiguration,
classLoader = classLoader
)
@JvmOverloads
constructor(
haAddressPool: List<NetworkHostAndPort>,
rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
username: String,
password: String,
configuration: CordaRPCClientConfiguration = CordaRPCClientConfiguration.DEFAULT,
sslConfiguration: ClientRpcSslOptions? = null,
classLoader: ClassLoader? = null
) : this(
hostAndPort = null,
haAddressPool = haAddressPool,
rpcOpsClass = rpcOpsClass,
username = username,
password = password,
configuration = configuration,
sslConfiguration = sslConfiguration,
classLoader = classLoader
)
@JvmOverloads
constructor(
hostAndPort: NetworkHostAndPort,
rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
username: String,
password: String,
customSerializers: Set<SerializationCustomSerializer<*, *>>?,
configuration: CordaRPCClientConfiguration = CordaRPCClientConfiguration.DEFAULT,
sslConfiguration: ClientRpcSslOptions? = null,
classLoader: ClassLoader? = null,
externalTrace: Trace? = null,
impersonatedActor: Actor? = null,
targetLegalIdentity: CordaX500Name? = null
) : this(
hostAndPort = hostAndPort,
haAddressPool = emptyList(),
rpcOpsClass = rpcOpsClass,
username = username,
password = password,
configuration = configuration,
sslConfiguration = sslConfiguration,
classLoader = classLoader,
customSerializers = customSerializers,
externalTrace = externalTrace,
impersonatedActor = impersonatedActor,
targetLegalIdentity = targetLegalIdentity
)
@JvmOverloads
constructor(
haAddressPool: List<NetworkHostAndPort>,
rpcOpsClass: Class<I>,
username: String,
password: String,
customSerializers: Set<SerializationCustomSerializer<*, *>>?,
configuration: CordaRPCClientConfiguration = CordaRPCClientConfiguration.DEFAULT,
sslConfiguration: ClientRpcSslOptions? = null,
classLoader: ClassLoader? = null,
externalTrace: Trace? = null,
impersonatedActor: Actor? = null,
targetLegalIdentity: CordaX500Name? = null
) : this(
hostAndPort = null,
haAddressPool = haAddressPool,
rpcOpsClass = rpcOpsClass,
username = username,
password = password,
configuration = configuration,
sslConfiguration = sslConfiguration,
classLoader = classLoader,
customSerializers = customSerializers,
externalTrace = externalTrace,
impersonatedActor = impersonatedActor,
targetLegalIdentity = targetLegalIdentity
)
init {
SerializationEnvironmentHelper.ensureEffectiveSerializationEnvSet(classLoader, customSerializers)
}
private val endpointString: String get() = hostAndPort?.toString() ?: haAddressPool.toString()
private val internalImpl: RPCClient<I> = createInternalRpcClient()
private val connectionFuture = CompletableFuture<RPCConnection<I>>()
private val connectionStarterThread = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat("RPCConnectionStarter-$username@$endpointString").build())
private val connectionStarted = AtomicBoolean(false)
private fun createInternalRpcClient(): RPCClient<I> {
val serializationContext = if (classLoader != null) {
AMQP_RPC_CLIENT_CONTEXT.withClassLoader(classLoader)
} else {
AMQP_RPC_CLIENT_CONTEXT
}
return when {
haAddressPool.isEmpty() -> RPCClient(
ArtemisTcpTransport.rpcConnectorTcpTransport(hostAndPort!!, config = sslConfiguration),
configuration,
serializationContext)
else -> {
RPCClient(haAddressPool, sslConfiguration, configuration, serializationContext)
}
}
}
/**
* Adds [RPCConnectionListener] to this [MultiRPCClient] to be informed about important connectivity events.
* @return `true` if the element has been added, `false` when listener is already contained in the set of listeners.
*/
fun addConnectionListener(listener: RPCConnectionListener<I>): Boolean {
return internalImpl.addConnectionListener(listener)
}
/**
* Removes [RPCConnectionListener] from this [MultiRPCClient].
*
* @return `true` if the element has been successfully removed; `false` if it was not present in the set of listeners.
*/
fun removeConnectionListener(listener: RPCConnectionListener<I>): Boolean {
return internalImpl.removeConnectionListener(listener)
}
/**
* Logs in to the target server and returns an active connection.
*
* It only makes sense to this method once. If it is called repeatedly it will return the same by reference [CompletableFuture]
*
* @return [CompletableFuture] containing [RPCConnection] or throwing [RPCException] if the server version is too low or if the server is not
* reachable within a reasonable timeout or if login credentials provided are incorrect.
*/
fun start(): CompletableFuture<RPCConnection<I>> {
if(connectionStarted.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
connectionStarterThread.submit {
try {
connectionFuture.complete(internalImpl.start(
rpcOpsClass, username, password, externalTrace, impersonatedActor, targetLegalIdentity))
} catch (ex: Throwable) {
logger.warn("Unable to start RPC connection", ex)
connectionFuture.completeExceptionally(ex)
}
// Do not wait for close, release the thread as soon as
connectionStarterThread.shutdown()
}
}
return connectionFuture
}
/**
* Stops the client and closes [RPCConnection] if it has been previously established
*/
fun stop() = close()
override fun close() {
connectionStarterThread.shutdownNow()
// Close connection if future is ready and was successful
if(connectionFuture.isDone && !connectionFuture.isCompletedExceptionally) {
connectionFuture.get().notifyServerAndClose()
}
}
}
```
|
Frederick M. Adamson (born 1816, died 1860, age 44) was an early settler in Victoria, Australia. He was the first settler to make botanical collections in the Melbourne area; between 1840 and 1856, he sent to the Kew herbarium a series of what William Hooker described as "extensive and excellent collections". Several of his specimens became syntypes for Eucalyptus macrorhyncha. Not much else is known about him, except that he was a member of the Philosophical Society of Victoria.
References
Further reading
Botanical collectors active in Australia
Settlers of Melbourne
1816 births
1860 deaths
|
Guner (, also Romanized as Gūner; also known as Gonar) is a village in Senderk Rural District, Senderk District, Minab County, Hormozgan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 22 families.
References
Populated places in Minab County
|
The check-mate system was a system of ship identification used by the Allies of World War II. It was used by the Royal Navy when on patrol looking for German auxiliary cruisers and others ships that had been disguised by Axis forces. Under this system, a patrolling warship or aircraft would individually identify a suspect ship via the Admiralty in London; this step became necessary and was introduced after a British ship that had been captured by Germany twice successfully passed off as still being British when challenged in October 1942.
Background
German auxiliary cruisers prowled the Atlantic and Indian Oceans searching for Allied merchant ships. Axis merchant ships overseas when the war began were used to refuel these auxiliary cruisers, pocket battleships, and long-range U-boats. Any Allied merchant ships captured by German ships could be similarly used for resupply. These Axis-crewed ships pretended to be neutral or Allied merchant ships if they encountered Allied patrols.
Before check-mate, Allied warships patrolling for Axis ships were given a list of Allied ships they were likely to see, and the list was periodically updated by radio signals from shore. Through the first half of the war, Allied warships frequently encountered Allied ships not on their lists. Only half of British ships correctly answered a challenge with their secret code, and foreign ships were even less likely to respond appropriately. The lists often contained misspelled names or former names of renamed ships.
Implementation
The check-mate system became fully operational on 8 June 1943. From that date the Allies estimated the daily position of every independently routed ocean-going merchant ship in the world. The check-mate system required the Allied patrol aircraft or warship to identify each newly encountered ship with a Merchant Ship Description Code and a Merchant Ship Silhouette Characteristics Register in comparison to their list of anticipated contacts and the secret signal.
If identification was uncertain, the Allied patrol could make a plain language radio query to shore and expect a reply within a few minutes. The query format was:
EMERGENCY CHECK (stranger's code letters) (alleged name) (position - by lettered coordinates)
Possible replies were:
MATE TRUE (the ship could be there),
MATE FALSE (the identified ship could not be at that location), or
MATE DOUBTFUL (requiring further investigation by the patrol)
References
History of the Royal Navy
|
The Manly–Balzer was the first purpose-designed aircraft engine, built in 1901 for the Langley Aerodrome project. The engine was originally ordered from Stephen Balzer (1864–1940) in New York, but his five-cylinder radial engine design failed to live up to its claims. Langley's chief assistant, Charles Manly, then reworked the engine to produce a design that held the record for power-to-weight ratio for any engine for many years. Manly later worked for Glenn Curtiss, and was one of the team-members who designed the mass-produced Curtiss OX-5.
Background
The problem with powering the Aerodrome had been known as early as 1898 when work on the person-carrying versions first started. At the time the gasoline engine was a fairly new invention, and no engine in the world had the needed performance. After a short search they decided to contract the development to one of the few engine builders in the area, New York's Stephen M. Balzer.
Balzer was a Hungarian immigrant who had a mechanical bent and started designing various devices while working in the watch repair department in Tiffany's. He followed this with a night course in engineering, and struck out on his own to develop what would become New York's first car in 1894, a small four-wheel carriage powered by a three-cylinder rotary engine of his design. Balzer was convinced he could build an engine to Langley's requirements by scaling up his existing design into a larger five-cylinder one. Langley gave him a contract in December 1898, and work started on the new design.
Engine development
The engine was completed fairly quickly, but proved to be underpowered, delivering compared to the Langley wanted. As would be rediscovered by many engineers after him, Balzer found that scaling up his existing design simply didn't work. Manly worked with him to try to improve the design, but by 1899 it was clear that it wasn't going to work any time soon. Balzer never gave up on the engine, and continued to work on it for years, eventually going bankrupt.
Every engineer Manly met on a trip to Europe in 1900 told him the rotary design was hopeless. Manly eventually became convinced as well and started work on adapting one of the existing Balzer engines into a non-rotating radial engine. The main concern was cooling, which he solved by welding a jacket to each cylinder and filling it with water. The results were promising, and the engine was soon delivering , double its previous output. This version was soon in place on a -scale model of the "Great Aerodrome", which flew successfully in 1901.
Encouraged by this success, Manly started scaling up the engine with larger cylinders and new lightweight pistons. The resulting design weighed , and delivered , making it by far the most powerful lightweight engine of its era, far outperforming the one that would eventually be successful on the Wright Flyer. The engine was delivered in March 1903 and installed on the Aerodrome for testing that summer. In September the aircraft was moved to a launch platform on a houseboat in the Potomac River. With Manly aboard as pilot, the Aerodrome crashed in spectacular fashion in its first test on October 7. Langley had also fallen prey to the "scale it up" problem, and the full-sized model of what was a sturdy -scale model was hopelessly fragile. A second test also ended in a crash into the river on December 8. Manly survived both times.
In 1914 Glenn Curtiss used the engine in the heavily modified Aerodrome in an effort to break the Wright brothers aircraft control system patent. In additional flight tests the Curtiss team used a different and more modern engine.
Years later the Smithsonian Institution asked Manly for a monograph about the engine, and he wrote an account that significantly downplayed Balzer's contribution, reducing it to supplying a non-working design that he rebuilt. Balzer's family was upset, and the Smithsonian eventually wrote a much more balanced version.
Specifications
References
A History of Aircraft Piston Engines, Herschel Smith, Sunflower University Press, 1986,
External links
Balzer automobile patents - has several images of Balzer's engine patents, and a picture of the engine itself
1900s aircraft piston engines
Aviation pioneers
History of aviation
Water-cooled radial engines
|
Brzeziny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żytno, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.
References
Brzeziny
|
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\SecurityCommandCenter;
class AuditLogConfig extends \Google\Collection
{
protected $collection_key = 'exemptedMembers';
/**
* @var string[]
*/
public $exemptedMembers;
/**
* @var string
*/
public $logType;
/**
* @param string[]
*/
public function setExemptedMembers($exemptedMembers)
{
$this->exemptedMembers = $exemptedMembers;
}
/**
* @return string[]
*/
public function getExemptedMembers()
{
return $this->exemptedMembers;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setLogType($logType)
{
$this->logType = $logType;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getLogType()
{
return $this->logType;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(AuditLogConfig::class, 'Google_Service_SecurityCommandCenter_AuditLogConfig');
```
|
Prosoplus celebianus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1971.
References
Prosoplus
Beetles described in 1971
|
```c
/*
* LZMA compressed kernel loader for Atheros AR7XXX/AR9XXX based boards
*
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
* by the Free Software Foundation.
*/
#include <stddef.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "printf.h"
#include "ar71xx_regs.h"
#define READREG(r) *(volatile unsigned int *)(r)
#define WRITEREG(r,v) *(volatile unsigned int *)(r) = v
#define KSEG1ADDR(_x) (((_x) & 0x1fffffff) | 0xa0000000)
#define UART_BASE 0xb8020000
#define UART_TX 0
#define UART_LSR 5
#define UART_LSR_THRE 0x20
#define UART_READ(r) READREG(UART_BASE + 4 * (r))
#define UART_WRITE(r,v) WRITEREG(UART_BASE + 4 * (r), (v))
void board_putc(int ch)
{
while (((UART_READ(UART_LSR)) & UART_LSR_THRE) == 0);
UART_WRITE(UART_TX, ch);
while (((UART_READ(UART_LSR)) & UART_LSR_THRE) == 0);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_BOARD_TL_WR1043ND_V1
static void tlwr1043nd_init(void)
{
unsigned int reg = KSEG1ADDR(AR71XX_RESET_BASE);
unsigned int t;
t = READREG(reg + AR913X_RESET_REG_RESET_MODULE);
t |= AR71XX_RESET_GE0_PHY;
WRITEREG(reg + AR913X_RESET_REG_RESET_MODULE, t);
/* flush write */
t = READREG(reg + AR913X_RESET_REG_RESET_MODULE);
}
#else
static inline void tlwr1043nd_init(void) {}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_BOARD_MERAKI_MR18
static int mr18_extract_sgmii_res_cal(void)
{
unsigned int base;
unsigned int reversed_sgmii_value;
unsigned int otp_value, otp_per_val, rbias_per, read_data;
unsigned int rbias_pos_or_neg;
unsigned int sgmii_res_cal_value;
int res_cal_val;
base = KSEG1ADDR(QCA955X_OTP_BASE);
WRITEREG(base + QCA955X_OTP_REG_INTF2, 0x7d);
WRITEREG(base + QCA955X_OTP_REG_LDO_CTRL, 0x00);
while (READREG(base + QCA955X_OTP_REG_LDO_STATUS) &
QCA955X_OTP_LDO_STATUS_POWER_ON)
;
READREG(base + QCA955X_OTP_REG_MEM_0 + 4);
while (!(READREG(base + QCA955X_OTP_REG_STATUS0) &
QCA955X_OTP_STATUS0_EFUSE_VALID))
;
read_data = READREG(base + QCA955X_OTP_REG_STATUS1);
if (!(read_data & 0x1fff))
return 0;
if (read_data & 0x00001000)
otp_value = (read_data & 0xfc0) >> 6;
else
otp_value = read_data & 0x3f;
if (otp_value > 31) {
otp_per_val = 63 - otp_value;
rbias_pos_or_neg = 1;
} else {
otp_per_val = otp_value;
rbias_pos_or_neg = 0;
}
rbias_per = otp_per_val * 15;
if (rbias_pos_or_neg == 1)
res_cal_val = (rbias_per + 34) / 21;
else if (rbias_per > 34)
res_cal_val = -((rbias_per - 34) / 21);
else
res_cal_val = (34 - rbias_per) / 21;
sgmii_res_cal_value = (8 + res_cal_val) & 0xf;
reversed_sgmii_value = (sgmii_res_cal_value & 8) >> 3;
reversed_sgmii_value |= (sgmii_res_cal_value & 4) >> 1;
reversed_sgmii_value |= (sgmii_res_cal_value & 2) << 1;
reversed_sgmii_value |= (sgmii_res_cal_value & 1) << 3;
printf("SGMII cal value = 0x%x\n", reversed_sgmii_value);
return reversed_sgmii_value;
}
#define QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_RES_CALIBRATION BIT(23)
#define QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_RES_CALIBRATION_MASK 0xf
#define QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_RES_CALIBRATION_SHIFT 23
#define QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_LOCK_DETECT_STATUS BIT(15)
#define QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_LOCK_DETECT BIT(2)
#define QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_PLL_REFCLK BIT(1)
#define QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_EN_PLL BIT(0)
#define QCA955X_PLL_CLK_CTRL_REG 0x08
#define QCA955X_PLL_ETH_XMII_CONTROL_REG 0x28
#define QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_CONTROL_REG 0x48
#define QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_REG 0x4c
static void qca955x_device_reset_clear(unsigned int mask)
{
unsigned int t, reg;
reg = KSEG1ADDR(AR71XX_RESET_BASE +
QCA955X_RESET_REG_RESET_MODULE);
t = READREG(reg);
WRITEREG(reg, t & ~mask);
}
static void mr18_setup_qca955x_eth_serdes_cal(unsigned int sgmii_value)
{
unsigned int ethbase, pllbase, t;
ethbase = KSEG1ADDR(QCA955X_GMAC_BASE);
pllbase = KSEG1ADDR(AR71XX_PLL_BASE);
/* To Check the locking of the SGMII PLL */
t = READREG(ethbase + QCA955X_GMAC_REG_SGMII_SERDES);
t &= ~(QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_RES_CALIBRATION_MASK <<
QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_RES_CALIBRATION_SHIFT);
t |= (sgmii_value & QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_RES_CALIBRATION_MASK) <<
QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_RES_CALIBRATION_SHIFT;
WRITEREG(ethbase + QCA955X_GMAC_REG_SGMII_SERDES, t);
WRITEREG(pllbase + QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_REG,
QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_LOCK_DETECT |
QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_PLL_REFCLK |
QCA955X_PLL_ETH_SGMII_SERDES_EN_PLL)
;
qca955x_device_reset_clear(QCA955X_RESET_SGMII_ANALOG);
qca955x_device_reset_clear(QCA955X_RESET_SGMII);
while (!(READREG(ethbase + QCA955X_GMAC_REG_SGMII_SERDES) &
QCA955X_SGMII_SERDES_LOCK_DETECT_STATUS))
;
}
static inline void mr18_init(void)
{
int res;
printf("Meraki MR18\n");
res = mr18_extract_sgmii_res_cal();
if (res >= 0)
mr18_setup_qca955x_eth_serdes_cal(res);
}
#else
static inline void mr18_init(void) { }
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_BOARD_HUAWEI_AP5030DN) || defined(CONFIG_BOARD_HUAWEI_AP6010DN)
static inline void huawei_ap_init(void)
{
const unsigned int watchdog_gpio = 15;
unsigned int gpiobase, reg;
gpiobase = KSEG1ADDR(AR71XX_GPIO_BASE);
printf("Huawei AP\n");
reg = READREG(gpiobase + AR71XX_GPIO_REG_OE);
WRITEREG(gpiobase + AR71XX_GPIO_REG_OE,
reg & ~(1 << watchdog_gpio));
/* Set GPIO15 MUX to output CLK_OBS5 (= CPU_CLK/4)
* or CLK_OBS4 (= AHB_CLK/2) to keep the watchdog happy
* until wdt-gpio takes over
*/
reg = READREG(gpiobase + AR934X_GPIO_REG_OUT_FUNC3);
#if defined(CONFIG_BOARD_HUAWEI_AP5030DN)
WRITEREG(gpiobase + AR934X_GPIO_REG_OUT_FUNC3,
reg | (QCA955X_GPIO_OUTSEL_CLK_OBS5 << 24));
#else if defined(CONFIG_BOARD_HUAWEI_AP6010DN)
WRITEREG(gpiobase + AR934X_GPIO_REG_OUT_FUNC3,
reg | (AR934X_GPIO_OUTSEL_CLK_OBS4 << 24));
#endif
}
#else
static inline void huawei_ap_init(void) {}
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_BOARD_NEC_WG600HP) || \
defined(CONFIG_BOARD_NEC_WR8750N) || \
defined(CONFIG_BOARD_NEC_WR9500N)
#define AR934X_PLL_SWITCH_CLK_CTRL_REG 0x24
#define AR934X_PLL_SWITCH_CLK_CTRL_SWITCHCLK_SEL BIT(0)
static inline void nec_aterm_init(void)
{
unsigned int reg, val;
printf("NEC Aterm series (AR9344)\n");
/* set REFCLK=40MHz to switch PLL */
reg = KSEG1ADDR(AR71XX_PLL_BASE);
val = READREG(reg + AR934X_PLL_SWITCH_CLK_CTRL_REG);
val &= ~AR934X_PLL_SWITCH_CLK_CTRL_SWITCHCLK_SEL;
WRITEREG(reg + AR934X_PLL_SWITCH_CLK_CTRL_REG, val);
reg = KSEG1ADDR(AR71XX_RESET_BASE);
#ifndef LOADADDR
/*
* This is for initramfs-factory image.
* When the system was reset by power source or FULL_CHIP_RESET
* and started from the OEM bootloader with a dummy tp data
* (this loader), reset again by timeout of the watchdog timer
* to load an actual OpenWrt initramfs image in firmware block
* in a factory image.
* Note: On the stock firmware, TP block contains a POST function
* and sub commands of "tp" command.
*
* Behaviors of OEM bootloader:
*
* - reset by watchdog (ex.: rebooting on the stock firmware):
* called as "SOFT-RESET", boot a firmware without POST
*
* - reset by FULL_CHIP_RESET (or powering on):
* called as "HARD-RESET", run POST and boot a firmware
*/
printf("\n## booted with dummy tp (lzma-loader),"
" waiting reset... (count: 0x%08x) ##\n",
READREG(reg + AR71XX_RESET_REG_WDOG));
while (1);
#endif
/*
* set maximum watchdog count to avoid reset while
* booting from stock bootloader
*/
WRITEREG(reg + AR71XX_RESET_REG_WDOG, 0xffffffff);
/*
* deassert some RESET bits not handled by drivers
* and mainline U-Boot
*
* - ETH_SWITCH(_ANALOG): eth0
* - RTC : wmac
*/
val = READREG(reg + AR934X_RESET_REG_RESET_MODULE);
val &= ~(AR934X_RESET_ETH_SWITCH | AR934X_RESET_ETH_SWITCH_ANALOG |
AR934X_RESET_RTC);
WRITEREG(reg + AR934X_RESET_REG_RESET_MODULE, val);
}
#else
static inline void nec_aterm_init(void) {}
#endif
void board_init(void)
{
tlwr1043nd_init();
mr18_init();
huawei_ap_init();
nec_aterm_init();
}
```
|
Michael Fernandes may refer to:
Michael Fernandes (artist) (born 1944), Canadian artist and educator
Michael Fernandes (politician) (born 1935), Indian politician
See also
Michael Fernández (born 1994), Puerto Rican footballer
|
```objective-c
/*
*
*/
#pragma once
#include "sdkconfig.h"
/* This file gets pulled into assembly sources. Therefore, some includes need to
* be wrapped in #ifndef __ASSEMBLER__ */
#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__
/* For configASSERT() */
#include <assert.h>
#endif /* def __ASSEMBLER__ */
/* ----------------------------------------------------- Helpers -------------------------------------------------------
* - Macros that the FreeRTOS configuration macros depend on
* your_sha256_hash-------------------------------------------------- */
/* Higher stack checker modes cause overhead on each function call */
#if CONFIG_STACK_CHECK_ALL || CONFIG_STACK_CHECK_STRONG
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_CHECKER 256
#else
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_CHECKER 0
#endif
/* with optimizations disabled, scheduler uses additional stack */
#if CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_NONE
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_OPTIMIZATION 320
#else
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_OPTIMIZATION 0
#endif
/* apptrace module increases minimum stack usage */
#if CONFIG_APPTRACE_ENABLE
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_APPTRACE 1280
#else
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_APPTRACE 0
#endif
/* Stack watchpoint decreases minimum usable stack size by up to 60 bytes.
* See FreeRTOS FREERTOS_WATCHPOINT_END_OF_STACK option in Kconfig. */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_WATCHPOINT_END_OF_STACK
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_WATCHPOINT 60
#else
#define STACK_OVERHEAD_WATCHPOINT 0
#endif
#define configSTACK_OVERHEAD_TOTAL \
( \
STACK_OVERHEAD_CHECKER + \
STACK_OVERHEAD_OPTIMIZATION + \
STACK_OVERHEAD_APPTRACE + \
STACK_OVERHEAD_WATCHPOINT \
)
/* The arch-specific FreeRTOSConfig_arch.h in esp_additions/arch_include/<arch>.
* Placed here due to configSTACK_OVERHEAD_TOTAL. Todo: IDF-5712. */
#include "freertos/FreeRTOSConfig_arch.h"
/* ------------------------------------------------- FreeRTOS Config ---------------------------------------------------
* - All Vanilla FreeRTOS configuration goes into this section
* - Keep this section in-sync with the corresponding version of single-core upstream version of FreeRTOS
* - Don't put any Amazon SMP FreeRTOS or IDF FreeRTOS configurations here. Those go into the next section
* - Not all FreeRTOS configuration are listed. Some configurations have default values set in FreeRTOS.h thus don't
* need to be explicitly defined.
* your_sha256_hash-------------------------------------------------- */
/*-----------------------------------------------------------
* Application specific definitions.
*
* These definitions should be adjusted for your particular hardware and
* application requirements.
*
* THESE PARAMETERS ARE DESCRIBED WITHIN THE 'CONFIGURATION' SECTION OF THE
* FreeRTOS API DOCUMENTATION AVAILABLE ON THE FreeRTOS.org WEB SITE.
*
* See path_to_url
*----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* ------------------ Scheduler Related -------------------- */
#define configUSE_PREEMPTION 1
#define configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TICKLESS_IDLE
#if configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE
#define configEXPECTED_IDLE_TIME_BEFORE_SLEEP CONFIG_FREERTOS_IDLE_TIME_BEFORE_SLEEP
#endif /* configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE */
#define configCPU_CLOCK_HZ ( CONFIG_ESP_DEFAULT_CPU_FREQ_MHZ * 1000000 )
#define configTICK_RATE_HZ CONFIG_FREERTOS_HZ
#define configMAX_PRIORITIES ( 25 )
#define configUSE_TIME_SLICING 1
#define configUSE_16_BIT_TICKS 0
#define configIDLE_SHOULD_YIELD 0
#define configKERNEL_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY 1 /*Todo: This currently isn't used anywhere */
#define configNUMBER_OF_CORES CONFIG_FREERTOS_NUMBER_OF_CORES
/* For compatibility */
#define configNUM_CORES configNUMBER_OF_CORES
/* ------------- Synchronization Primitives ---------------- */
#define configUSE_MUTEXES 1
#define configUSE_RECURSIVE_MUTEXES 1
#define configUSE_COUNTING_SEMAPHORES 1
#define configUSE_QUEUE_SETS 1
#define configQUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE CONFIG_FREERTOS_QUEUE_REGISTRY_SIZE
#define configUSE_TASK_NOTIFICATIONS 1
#define configTASK_NOTIFICATION_ARRAY_ENTRIES CONFIG_FREERTOS_TASK_NOTIFICATION_ARRAY_ENTRIES
/* ----------------------- System -------------------------- */
#define configMAX_TASK_NAME_LEN CONFIG_FREERTOS_MAX_TASK_NAME_LEN
/* If deletion callbacks are enabled, the number of TLSP's are doubled (i.e.,
* the length of the TCB's pvThreadLocalStoragePointersThis array). This allows
* the latter half of the array to store the deletion callback pointers (whereas
* the first half stores the TLSPs themselves). */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_TLSP_DELETION_CALLBACKS
#define configNUM_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS ( CONFIG_FREERTOS_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS * 2 )
#else /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_TLSP_DELETION_CALLBACKS */
#define configNUM_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS CONFIG_FREERTOS_THREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_POINTERS
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_TLSP_DELETION_CALLBACKS */
#define configSTACK_DEPTH_TYPE uint32_t
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_ENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
#define configENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY 1
#else /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_ENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY */
#define configENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY 0
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_ENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY */
#define configASSERT( a ) assert( a )
/* ----------------------- Memory ------------------------- */
#define configSUPPORT_STATIC_ALLOCATION 1
#define configSUPPORT_DYNAMIC_ALLOCATION 1
#define configAPPLICATION_ALLOCATED_HEAP 1
#define configSTACK_ALLOCATION_FROM_SEPARATE_HEAP 0
/* ------------------------ Hooks -------------------------- */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_IDLE_HOOK
#define configUSE_IDLE_HOOK 1
#else /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_IDLE_HOOK */
#define configUSE_IDLE_HOOK 0
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_IDLE_HOOK */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TICK_HOOK
#define configUSE_TICK_HOOK 1
#else /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TICK_HOOK */
#define configUSE_TICK_HOOK 0
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TICK_HOOK */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_STACKOVERFLOW_NONE
#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW 0
#elif CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_STACKOVERFLOW_PTRVAL
#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW 1
#elif CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_STACKOVERFLOW_CANARY
#define configCHECK_FOR_STACK_OVERFLOW 2
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_STACKOVERFLOW_NONE */
#define configRECORD_STACK_HIGH_ADDRESS 1 /* This must be set as the port requires TCB.pxEndOfStack */
/* ------------------- Run-time Stats ---------------------- */
#ifdef CONFIG_FREERTOS_GENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS
#define configGENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS 1 /* Used by vTaskGetRunTimeStats() */
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_GENERATE_RUN_TIME_STATS */
#ifdef CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_STATS_FORMATTING_FUNCTIONS
#define configUSE_STATS_FORMATTING_FUNCTIONS 1 /* Used by vTaskList() */
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_STATS_FORMATTING_FUNCTIONS */
#if !CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_RUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE_U32
#define configRUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE uint32_t
#elif CONFIG_FREERTOS_RUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE_U64
#define configRUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE uint64_t
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_RUN_TIME_COUNTER_TYPE_U64 */
#endif /* !CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP */
/* -------------------- Co-routines ----------------------- */
#define configUSE_CO_ROUTINES 0 /* CO_ROUTINES are not supported in ESP-IDF */
#define configMAX_CO_ROUTINE_PRIORITIES 2
/* ------------------- Software Timer ---------------------- */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TIMERS
#define configUSE_TIMERS 1
#define configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY CONFIG_FREERTOS_TIMER_TASK_PRIORITY
#define configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH CONFIG_FREERTOS_TIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH
#define configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH CONFIG_FREERTOS_TIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH
#define configTIMER_SERVICE_TASK_NAME CONFIG_FREERTOS_TIMER_SERVICE_TASK_NAME
#define configTIMER_SERVICE_TASK_CORE_AFFINITY CONFIG_FREERTOS_TIMER_SERVICE_TASK_CORE_AFFINITY
#else
#define configUSE_TIMERS 0
#endif
/* ------------------------ List --------------------------- */
#define configLIST_VOLATILE volatile /* We define List elements as volatile to prevent the compiler from optimizing out essential code */
/* -------------------- API Includes ----------------------- */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_ENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY
#define configENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY 1
#else /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_ENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY */
#define configENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY 0
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_ENABLE_BACKWARD_COMPATIBILITY */
#define INCLUDE_vTaskPrioritySet 1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskPriorityGet 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelete 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskSuspend 1
#define INCLUDE_vTaskDelay 1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetIdleTaskHandle 1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskAbortDelay 1
#define INCLUDE_xSemaphoreGetMutexHolder 1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetHandle 1
#define INCLUDE_uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark 1
#define INCLUDE_eTaskGetState 1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskResumeFromISR 1
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_TIMERS
#define INCLUDE_xTimerPendFunctionCall 1
#else
#define INCLUDE_xTimerPendFunctionCall 0
#endif
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetSchedulerState 1
#define INCLUDE_xTaskGetCurrentTaskHandle 1
/* -------------------- Trace Macros ----------------------- */
/*
* For trace macros.
* Note: Include trace macros here and not above as trace macros are dependent on some of the FreeRTOS configs
*/
#ifndef __ASSEMBLER__
#if CONFIG_SYSVIEW_ENABLE
#include "SEGGER_SYSVIEW_FreeRTOS.h"
#undef INLINE /* to avoid redefinition */
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSVIEW_ENABLE */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP
/* Default values for trace macros added to ESP-IDF implementation of SYSVIEW
* that is not part of Amazon SMP FreeRTOS. */
#ifndef traceISR_EXIT
#define traceISR_EXIT()
#endif
#ifndef traceISR_ENTER
#define traceISR_ENTER( _n_ )
#endif
#ifndef traceQUEUE_GIVE_FROM_ISR
#define traceQUEUE_GIVE_FROM_ISR( pxQueue )
#endif
#ifndef traceQUEUE_GIVE_FROM_ISR_FAILED
#define traceQUEUE_GIVE_FROM_ISR_FAILED( pxQueue )
#endif
#ifndef traceQUEUE_SEMAPHORE_RECEIVE
#define traceQUEUE_SEMAPHORE_RECEIVE( pxQueue )
#endif
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP */
#endif /* def __ASSEMBLER__ */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG
#define configUSE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG 1
#endif // CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_APPLICATION_TASK_TAG
/* -------------- List Data Integrity Checks --------------- */
#define configUSE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES CONFIG_FREERTOS_USE_LIST_DATA_INTEGRITY_CHECK_BYTES
/* ----------------------------------------------- Amazon SMP FreeRTOS -------------------------------------------------
* - All Amazon SMP FreeRTOS specific configurations
* your_sha256_hash-------------------------------------------------- */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP && ( CONFIG_FREERTOS_NUMBER_OF_CORES > 1 )
#define configUSE_CORE_AFFINITY 1
#define configRUN_MULTIPLE_PRIORITIES 1
#define configUSE_TASK_PREEMPTION_DISABLE 1
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP && ( CONFIG_FREERTOS_NUMBER_OF_CORES > 1 ) */
/* -------------------------------------------------- IDF FreeRTOS -----------------------------------------------------
* - All IDF FreeRTOS specific configurations
* your_sha256_hash-------------------------------------------------- */
#if !CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP
#ifdef CONFIG_FREERTOS_VTASKLIST_INCLUDE_COREID
#define configTASKLIST_INCLUDE_COREID 1
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_VTASKLIST_INCLUDE_COREID */
#ifdef CONFIG_FREERTOS_TLSP_DELETION_CALLBACKS
#define configTHREAD_LOCAL_STORAGE_DELETE_CALLBACKS 1
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_TLSP_DELETION_CALLBACKS */
#if CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_MUTEX_GIVEN_BY_OWNER
#define configCHECK_MUTEX_GIVEN_BY_OWNER 1
#endif /* CONFIG_FREERTOS_CHECK_MUTEX_GIVEN_BY_OWNER */
#endif /* !CONFIG_FREERTOS_SMP */
/* ------------------------------------------------ ESP-IDF Additions --------------------------------------------------
* - Any other macros required by the rest of ESP-IDF
* your_sha256_hash-------------------------------------------------- */
/* portNUM_PROCESSORS is deprecated and will be removed in ESP-IDF v6.0 (IDF-8785)
* Please use the Kconfig option CONFIG_FREERTOS_NUMBER_OF_CORES instead.
*/
#define portNUM_PROCESSORS configNUMBER_OF_CORES
```
|
```php
<?php
/*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\CloudSearch;
class EnterpriseTopazSidekickFindMeetingTimeCardProto extends \Google\Collection
{
protected $collection_key = 'skippedInvitees';
protected $commonAvailableTimeSlotsType = EnterpriseTopazSidekickTimeSlot::class;
protected $commonAvailableTimeSlotsDataType = 'array';
protected $inviteesType = EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson::class;
protected $inviteesDataType = 'array';
protected $requesterType = EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson::class;
protected $requesterDataType = '';
protected $scheduledMeetingType = EnterpriseTopazSidekickScheduledMeeting::class;
protected $scheduledMeetingDataType = '';
protected $skippedInviteesType = EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson::class;
protected $skippedInviteesDataType = 'array';
protected $timeBoundariesType = EnterpriseTopazSidekickTimeSlot::class;
protected $timeBoundariesDataType = '';
/**
* @var string
*/
public $timezoneId;
/**
* @param EnterpriseTopazSidekickTimeSlot[]
*/
public function setCommonAvailableTimeSlots($commonAvailableTimeSlots)
{
$this->commonAvailableTimeSlots = $commonAvailableTimeSlots;
}
/**
* @return EnterpriseTopazSidekickTimeSlot[]
*/
public function getCommonAvailableTimeSlots()
{
return $this->commonAvailableTimeSlots;
}
/**
* @param EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson[]
*/
public function setInvitees($invitees)
{
$this->invitees = $invitees;
}
/**
* @return EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson[]
*/
public function getInvitees()
{
return $this->invitees;
}
/**
* @param EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson
*/
public function setRequester(EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson $requester)
{
$this->requester = $requester;
}
/**
* @return EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson
*/
public function getRequester()
{
return $this->requester;
}
/**
* @param EnterpriseTopazSidekickScheduledMeeting
*/
public function setScheduledMeeting(EnterpriseTopazSidekickScheduledMeeting $scheduledMeeting)
{
$this->scheduledMeeting = $scheduledMeeting;
}
/**
* @return EnterpriseTopazSidekickScheduledMeeting
*/
public function getScheduledMeeting()
{
return $this->scheduledMeeting;
}
/**
* @param EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson[]
*/
public function setSkippedInvitees($skippedInvitees)
{
$this->skippedInvitees = $skippedInvitees;
}
/**
* @return EnterpriseTopazSidekickPerson[]
*/
public function getSkippedInvitees()
{
return $this->skippedInvitees;
}
/**
* @param EnterpriseTopazSidekickTimeSlot
*/
public function setTimeBoundaries(EnterpriseTopazSidekickTimeSlot $timeBoundaries)
{
$this->timeBoundaries = $timeBoundaries;
}
/**
* @return EnterpriseTopazSidekickTimeSlot
*/
public function getTimeBoundaries()
{
return $this->timeBoundaries;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
public function setTimezoneId($timezoneId)
{
$this->timezoneId = $timezoneId;
}
/**
* @return string
*/
public function getTimezoneId()
{
return $this->timezoneId;
}
}
// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(EnterpriseTopazSidekickFindMeetingTimeCardProto::class, your_sha256_hasheCardProto');
```
|
```smalltalk
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ConsoleApp_net452_EF6.Entities
{
public partial class Country
{
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2214:DoNotCallOverridableMethodsInConstructors")]
public Country()
{
KendoGridEmployee = new HashSet<Employee>();
}
public long Id { get; set; }
public string Code { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
public virtual ICollection<Employee> KendoGridEmployee { get; set; }
}
}
```
|
Colbert Coldwell may refer to:
Colbert Caldwell, also spelled Coldwell (1822–1892), a Justice of the Texas Supreme Court from 1867 to 1869
Colbert Coldwell, founder of real estate firm Coldwell Banker and grandson of Colbert Coldwell (1822–1892)
|
Ulrich Meister (4 January 1838 – 3 February 1917) was a Swiss politician and President of the Swiss National Council (1902).
References
External links
Members of the National Council (Switzerland)
Presidents of the National Council (Switzerland)
1838 births
1917 deaths
|
Air warfare must comply with laws and customs of war, including international humanitarian law by protecting the victims of the conflict and refraining from attacks on protected persons.
These restraints on aerial warfare are covered by the general laws of war, because unlike war on land and at sea—which are specifically covered by rules such as the 1907 Hague Convention and Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions, which contain pertinent restrictions, prohibitions and guidelines—there are no treaties specific to aerial warfare.
To be legal, aerial operations must comply with the principles of humanitarian law: military necessity, distinction, and proportionality: An attack or action must be intended to help in the military defeat of the enemy; it must be an attack on a military objective, and the harm caused to civilians or civilian property must be proportional and not excessive in relation to the concrete and direct military advantage anticipated.
International law up to 1945
Before and during World War II (1939–1945), international law relating to aerial bombardment rested on the treaties of 1864, 1899, and 1907, which constituted the definition of most of the laws of war at that time – which, despite repeated diplomatic attempts, was not updated in the immediate run-up to World War II. The most relevant of these treaties is the Hague Convention of 1907 because it was the last treaty ratified before 1939 which specified the laws of war regarding the use of bombardment. In the Hague Convention of 1907, two treaties have a direct bearing on the issue of bombardment. These are "Laws of War: Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague IV); 18 October 1907" and "Laws of War: Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War (Hague IX); 18 October 1907". It is significant that there is a different treaty which should be invoked for bombardment of land by land (Hague IV) and of land by sea (Hague IX). Hague IV, which reaffirmed and updated Hague II (1899), contains the following clauses:
Although the 1907 Hague Conventions IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land and IX – Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War prohibited the bombardment of undefended places, there was no international prohibition against indiscriminate bombardment of non-combatants in defended places, a shortcoming in the rules that was greatly exacerbated by aerial bombardment.
The attendees of the Second Hague Conference in 1907 did adopt a "Declaration Prohibiting the Discharge of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons" on 18 October 1907. It stated: "The Contracting Powers agree to prohibit, for a period extending to the close of the Third Peace Conference, the discharge of projectiles and explosives from balloons or by other new methods of a similar nature."
The foreshadowed "Third Peace Conference" never took place, and the Declaration remains in force. The United Kingdom and the United States ratified the Declaration.
With the rise of aerial warfare, non-combatants became extremely vulnerable and inevitably became
collateral targets in such warfare – potentially on a much larger scale than previously.
World War I (1914-1918) saw the first use of strategic bombing when German Zeppelins and aircraft indiscriminately dropped bombs on cities in Britain and France. These nations, fighting against Germany and its allies in the war, retaliated with their own air-raids (see Strategic bombing during World War I). A few years after World War I, a draft convention was proposed in 1923: The Hague Rules of Air Warfare.<ref name="HagueAir">The Hague Rules of Air Warfare, 1922–12 to 1923–02, this convention was never adopted'''.</ref> The draft contained a number of articles which would have directly affected how militaries used aerial bombardment and defended against it: articles 18, 22 and 24. The law was, however, never adopted in legally binding form as all major powers criticized it as being unrealistic.
The Greco-German arbitration tribunal of 1927–1930 arguably established the subordination of the law of air warfare to the law of ground warfare. It found that the 1907 Hague Convention on "The Laws and Customs of War on Land" applied to the German attacks in Greece during World War I: This concerned both Article 25 and Article 26.
Jefferson Reynolds in an article in The Air Force Law Review argues that "if international law is not enforced, persistent violations can conceivably be adopted as customary practice, permitting conduct that was once prohibited." Even if the Greco-German arbitration tribunal findings had established the rules for aerial bombardment, by 1945, the belligerents of World War II had ignored the preliminary bombardment procedures that the Greco-German arbitration tribunal had recognized.
The German bombings of Guernica and Durango in Spain in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 and the Japanese aerial attacks on crowded Chinese cities during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937–38 attracted worldwide condemnation, prompting the League of Nations to pass a resolution that called for the protection of civilian populations against bombardment from the air. In response to the resolution passed by the League of Nations, a draft convention in Amsterdam of 1938 would have provided specific definitions of what constituted an "undefended" town, excessive civilian casualties and appropriate warning. This draft convention makes the standard of being undefended quite high – any military units or anti-aircraft within the radius qualifies a town as defended. This convention, like the 1923 draft, was not ratified – nor even close to ratification – when hostilities broke out in Europe in 1939. While the two conventions offer a guideline to what the belligerent powers were considering before the war, neither of these documents came to be legally binding.
At the start of World War II in 1939, following an appeal by Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the then neutral United States, the major European powers, including Britain and Germany, agreed not to bomb civilian targets outside combat zones: Britain agreeing provided that the other powers also refrained. (see the policy on strategic bombing at the start of the World War II). However, this was not honored, as belligerents of both sides in the war adopted a policy of indiscriminate bombing of enemy cities. Throughout World War II, cities like Chongqing, Warsaw, Rotterdam, London, Coventry, Stalingrad, Hamburg, Dresden, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki suffered aerial bombardment, causing untold numbers of destroyed buildings and the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians.
After World War II, the massive destruction of non-combatant targets inflicted during the war prompted the victorious Allies to address the issue when developing the Nuremberg Charter of August 1945 to establish the procedures and laws for conducting the Nuremberg trials (1945–1946). Article 6(b) of the Charter thus condemned the "wanton destruction of cities, towns or villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity" and classified it as a violation of the laws or customs of war, therefore, making it a war crime. This provision was similarly used at the Tokyo Trials of 1946–1948 to try Japanese military and civilian leaders in accordance with the Tokyo Charter (January 1946) for illegal conducts committed during the Pacific War of 1941–1945. However, due to the absence of positive or specific customary international humanitarian law prohibiting illegal conducts of aerial warfare in World War II, the indiscriminate bombing of enemy cities was excluded from the category of war crimes at the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, therefore, no Axis officers and leaders were prosecuted for authorizing this practice. Furthermore, the United Nations War Crimes Commission received no notice of records of trial concerning the illegal conduct of air warfare. Chris Jochnick and Roger Normand in their article The Legitimation of Violence 1: A Critical History of the Laws of War explain that: "By leaving out morale bombing and other attacks on civilians unchallenged, the Tribunal conferred legal legitimacy on such practices."
In 1963 the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki became the subject of a Japanese judicial review in Ryuichi Shimoda et al. v. The State. In its obiter dictum judgement, the Court drew several distinctions which were pertinent to both conventional and atomic aerial bombardment. Relying on the Hague Convention of 1907 IV – The Laws and Customs of War on Land and IX – Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War, and the Hague Draft Rules of Air Warfare of 1922–1923 the Court drew a distinction between "Targeted Aerial Bombardment" and indiscriminate area bombardment (which the court called "Blind Aerial Bombardment"), and also a distinction between a defended and an undefended city. The court ruled that blind aerial bombardment was permitted only in the immediate vicinity of the operations of land forces and that only targeted aerial bombardment of military installations was permitted further from the front. It also ruled the incidental death of civilians and the destruction of civilian property during targeted aerial bombardment was not unlawful. The court acknowledged that the concept of a military objective was enlarged under conditions of total war, but stated that the distinction between the two did not disappear. The court also ruled that when military targets were concentrated in a comparatively small area, and where defense installations against air raids were very strong, that when the destruction of non-military objectives was small in proportion to the large military interests, or necessity, such destruction was lawful. Thus, because of the immense power of the atom bombs, and the distance from enemy land forces, the atomic bombings of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki "was an illegal act of hostilities under international law as it existed at that time, as an indiscriminate bombardment of undefended cities".
Not all governments and scholars of international law agree with the analysis and conclusions of the Shimoda review, because it was not based on positive international humanitarian law. Colonel Javier Guisández Gómez, at the International Institute of Humanitarian Law in San Remo, points out:
John R. Bolton, (Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs (2001–2005) and U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations (2005–2006)), explained in 2001 why the USA should not adhere to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court:
International law since 1945
In the post war environment, a series of treaties governing the laws of war were adopted starting in 1949. These Geneva Conventions would come into force, in no small part, because of a general reaction against the practices of the Second World War. Although the Fourth Geneva Convention attempted to erect some legal defenses for civilians in time of war, the bulk of the Fourth Convention devoted to explicating civilian rights in occupied territories, and no explicit attention is paid to the problems of bombardment.
In 1977, Protocol I was adopted as an amendment to the Geneva Conventions, prohibiting the deliberate or indiscriminate attack of civilians and civilian objects, even if the area contained military objectives, and the attacking force must take precautions and steps to spare the lives of civilians and civilian objects as possible. However, forces occupying near densely populated areas must avoid locating military objectives near or in densely populated areas and endeavor to remove civilians from the vicinity of military objectives. Failure to do so would cause a higher civilian death toll resulting from bombardment by the attacking force and the defenders would be held responsible, even criminally liable, for these deaths. This issue was addressed because drafters of Protocol I pointed out historical examples such as Japan in World War II who often dispersed legitimate military and industrial targets (almost two-thirds of production was from small factories of thirty or fewer persons or in wooden homes, which were clustered around the factories) throughout urban areas in many of its cities either with the sole purpose of preventing enemy forces from bombing these targets or using its civilian casualties caused by enemy bombardment as propaganda value against the enemy. This move made Japan vulnerable to area bombardment and the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) adopted a policy of carpetbombing which destroyed 69 Japanese cities with either incendiary bombs or atomic bombs, with the deaths of 381,000–500,000 Japanese people.
However, Protocol I also states that locating military objectives near civilians "shall not release the Parties to the conflict from their legal obligations with respect to the civilian population and civilians." (Article 51, Para 8)
The International Court of Justice gave an advisory opinion in July 1996 on the Legality of the Threat Or Use of Nuclear Weapons. The court ruled that "[t]here is in neither customary nor international law any comprehensive and universal prohibition of the threat or use of nuclear weapons." However, by a split vote, it also found that "[t]he threat or use of nuclear weapons would generally be contrary to the rules of international law applicable in armed conflict." The Court stated that it could not definitively conclude whether the threat or use of nuclear weapons would be lawful or unlawful in an extreme circumstance of self-defense, in which the very survival of the state would be at stake.
See also
Aerial bombing of cities
Area bombardment
Carpet bombing
Civilian casualties of strategic bombing
Roerich Pact
Strategic bombing
Tactical bombing
Terror bombing
Notes
References
Francisco Javier Guisández Gómez, (a colonel in the Spanish Air Force) ICRC: "The Law of Air Warfare" International Review of the Red Cross no 323, p. 347–363
Joan T. Phillips. List of documents and web links relating to the law of armed conflict in air and space operations, May 2006. Bibliographer, Muir S. Fairchild Research Information Center Maxwell (United States) Air Force Base, Alabama.
Jefferson D. Reynolds. "Collateral Damage on the 21st century battlefield: Enemy exploitation of the law of armed conflict, and the struggle for a moral high ground". Air Force Law Review Volume 56, 2005(PDF) pp. 4–108
Charles Rousseau, Le droit des conflits armés'' Editions Pedone, Paris, (1983)
Further reading
– Commentary on the early conventions including details not yet in this article.
International law
Law of war
|
```c++
//
// I am making my contributions/submissions to this project solely in my
// personal capacity and am not conveying any rights to any intellectual
// property of any third parties.
#include <jet/cg.h>
#include <jet/constants.h>
#include <jet/fdm_iccg_solver3.h>
#include <pch.h>
using namespace jet;
void FdmIccgSolver3::Preconditioner::build(const FdmMatrix3& matrix) {
Size3 size = matrix.size();
A = matrix.constAccessor();
d.resize(size, 0.0);
y.resize(size, 0.0);
matrix.forEachIndex([&](size_t i, size_t j, size_t k) {
double denom =
matrix(i, j, k).center -
((i > 0) ? square(matrix(i - 1, j, k).right) * d(i - 1, j, k)
: 0.0) -
((j > 0) ? square(matrix(i, j - 1, k).up) * d(i, j - 1, k) : 0.0) -
((k > 0) ? square(matrix(i, j, k - 1).front) * d(i, j, k - 1)
: 0.0);
if (std::fabs(denom) > 0.0) {
d(i, j, k) = 1.0 / denom;
} else {
d(i, j, k) = 0.0;
}
});
}
void FdmIccgSolver3::Preconditioner::solve(const FdmVector3& b, FdmVector3* x) {
Size3 size = b.size();
ssize_t sx = static_cast<ssize_t>(size.x);
ssize_t sy = static_cast<ssize_t>(size.y);
ssize_t sz = static_cast<ssize_t>(size.z);
b.forEachIndex([&](size_t i, size_t j, size_t k) {
y(i, j, k) = (b(i, j, k) -
((i > 0) ? A(i - 1, j, k).right * y(i - 1, j, k) : 0.0) -
((j > 0) ? A(i, j - 1, k).up * y(i, j - 1, k) : 0.0) -
((k > 0) ? A(i, j, k - 1).front * y(i, j, k - 1) : 0.0)) *
d(i, j, k);
});
for (ssize_t k = sz - 1; k >= 0; --k) {
for (ssize_t j = sy - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
for (ssize_t i = sx - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
(*x)(i, j, k) =
(y(i, j, k) -
((i + 1 < sx) ? A(i, j, k).right * (*x)(i + 1, j, k)
: 0.0) -
((j + 1 < sy) ? A(i, j, k).up * (*x)(i, j + 1, k) : 0.0) -
((k + 1 < sz) ? A(i, j, k).front * (*x)(i, j, k + 1)
: 0.0)) *
d(i, j, k);
}
}
}
}
//
void FdmIccgSolver3::PreconditionerCompressed::build(const MatrixCsrD& matrix) {
size_t size = matrix.cols();
A = &matrix;
d.resize(size, 0.0);
y.resize(size, 0.0);
const auto rp = A->rowPointersBegin();
const auto ci = A->columnIndicesBegin();
const auto nnz = A->nonZeroBegin();
d.forEachIndex([&](size_t i) {
const size_t rowBegin = rp[i];
const size_t rowEnd = rp[i + 1];
double denom = 0.0;
for (size_t jj = rowBegin; jj < rowEnd; ++jj) {
size_t j = ci[jj];
if (j == i) {
denom += nnz[jj];
} else if (j < i) {
denom -= square(nnz[jj]) * d[j];
}
}
if (std::fabs(denom) > 0.0) {
d[i] = 1.0 / denom;
} else {
d[i] = 0.0;
}
});
}
void FdmIccgSolver3::PreconditionerCompressed::solve(const VectorND& b,
VectorND* x) {
const ssize_t size = static_cast<ssize_t>(b.size());
const auto rp = A->rowPointersBegin();
const auto ci = A->columnIndicesBegin();
const auto nnz = A->nonZeroBegin();
b.forEachIndex([&](size_t i) {
const size_t rowBegin = rp[i];
const size_t rowEnd = rp[i + 1];
double sum = b[i];
for (size_t jj = rowBegin; jj < rowEnd; ++jj) {
size_t j = ci[jj];
if (j < i) {
sum -= nnz[jj] * y[j];
}
}
y[i] = sum * d[i];
});
for (ssize_t i = size - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
const size_t rowBegin = rp[i];
const size_t rowEnd = rp[i + 1];
double sum = y[i];
for (size_t jj = rowBegin; jj < rowEnd; ++jj) {
ssize_t j = static_cast<ssize_t>(ci[jj]);
if (j > i) {
sum -= nnz[jj] * (*x)[j];
}
}
(*x)[i] = sum * d[i];
}
}
//
FdmIccgSolver3::FdmIccgSolver3(unsigned int maxNumberOfIterations,
double tolerance)
: _maxNumberOfIterations(maxNumberOfIterations),
_lastNumberOfIterations(0),
_tolerance(tolerance),
_lastResidualNorm(kMaxD) {}
bool FdmIccgSolver3::solve(FdmLinearSystem3* system) {
FdmMatrix3& matrix = system->A;
FdmVector3& solution = system->x;
FdmVector3& rhs = system->b;
JET_ASSERT(matrix.size() == rhs.size());
JET_ASSERT(matrix.size() == solution.size());
clearCompressedVectors();
Size3 size = matrix.size();
_r.resize(size);
_d.resize(size);
_q.resize(size);
_s.resize(size);
system->x.set(0.0);
_r.set(0.0);
_d.set(0.0);
_q.set(0.0);
_s.set(0.0);
_precond.build(matrix);
pcg<FdmBlas3, Preconditioner>(
matrix, rhs, _maxNumberOfIterations, _tolerance, &_precond, &solution,
&_r, &_d, &_q, &_s, &_lastNumberOfIterations, &_lastResidualNorm);
JET_INFO << "Residual norm after solving ICCG: " << _lastResidualNorm
<< " Number of ICCG iterations: " << _lastNumberOfIterations;
return _lastResidualNorm <= _tolerance ||
_lastNumberOfIterations < _maxNumberOfIterations;
}
bool FdmIccgSolver3::solveCompressed(FdmCompressedLinearSystem3* system) {
MatrixCsrD& matrix = system->A;
VectorND& solution = system->x;
VectorND& rhs = system->b;
clearUncompressedVectors();
size_t size = solution.size();
_rComp.resize(size);
_dComp.resize(size);
_qComp.resize(size);
_sComp.resize(size);
system->x.set(0.0);
_rComp.set(0.0);
_dComp.set(0.0);
_qComp.set(0.0);
_sComp.set(0.0);
_precondComp.build(matrix);
pcg<FdmCompressedBlas3, PreconditionerCompressed>(
matrix, rhs, _maxNumberOfIterations, _tolerance, &_precondComp,
&solution, &_rComp, &_dComp, &_qComp, &_sComp, &_lastNumberOfIterations,
&_lastResidualNorm);
JET_INFO << "Residual after solving ICCG: " << _lastResidualNorm
<< " Number of ICCG iterations: " << _lastNumberOfIterations;
return _lastResidualNorm <= _tolerance ||
_lastNumberOfIterations < _maxNumberOfIterations;
}
unsigned int FdmIccgSolver3::maxNumberOfIterations() const {
return _maxNumberOfIterations;
}
unsigned int FdmIccgSolver3::lastNumberOfIterations() const {
return _lastNumberOfIterations;
}
double FdmIccgSolver3::tolerance() const { return _tolerance; }
double FdmIccgSolver3::lastResidual() const { return _lastResidualNorm; }
void FdmIccgSolver3::clearUncompressedVectors() {
_r.clear();
_d.clear();
_q.clear();
_s.clear();
}
void FdmIccgSolver3::clearCompressedVectors() {
_r.clear();
_d.clear();
_q.clear();
_s.clear();
}
```
|
```objective-c
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
==============================================================================*/
#ifndef TENSORFLOW_GRAPH_COSTMODEL_H_
#define TENSORFLOW_GRAPH_COSTMODEL_H_
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/cost_graph.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/step_stats.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/tensor_shape.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/graph/graph.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/graph/types.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/stringpiece.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/gtl/array_slice.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/macros.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/protobuf.h"
namespace tensorflow {
typedef std::unordered_map<StringPiece, int32, StringPieceHasher>
NodeNameToCostIdMap;
class StepStats;
// CostModel keeps track of the following runtime statistics for nodes
// of a single Graph:
// * The total number of times a node has executed.
// * The accumulated execution time (in microseconds) of a node.
// * The accumulated size (in bytes) of each node's output.
//
// This class is NOT thread-safe.
class CostModel {
public:
// If "global" is true, maintains costs based on Node::cost_id, otherwise
// maintains costs based on Node::id.
explicit CostModel(bool is_global) : is_global_(is_global) {
unknown_shape_.set_unknown_rank(true);
}
// Assigns min_count_ as a function of the median count for a Node.
// This value is then used for suppressing the time/size costs of
// infrequent operations.
// NOTE(tucker): Maybe this should move to a subclass of CostModel.
void SuppressInfrequent();
bool is_global() const { return is_global_; }
inline int Id(const Node* n) const {
if (is_global_) {
return n->cost_id();
} else {
return n->id();
}
}
// Initializes cost model for 'g'.
void InitFromGraph(const Graph& g);
// Merges costs from cm.
// REQUIRES: is_global_ is true for this and for "cm"
void MergeFromGlobal(const CostModel& cm);
// Merges costs from "cm", which has been computed relative to "g".
// REQUIRES: is_global_ is true for this, and false for "cm".
void MergeFromLocal(const Graph& g, const CostModel& cm);
void MergeFromStats(const NodeNameToCostIdMap& map, const StepStats& ss);
// Sets the number of outputs of "node".
void SetNumOutputs(const Node* node, int num_outputs);
// Records that "node" has executed "num_count" more times.
void RecordCount(const Node* node, int num_count);
// Returns how many times "node" has been executed.
int32 TotalCount(const Node* node) const;
// Records that "output_slot" of "node" has produced tensors of
// aggregated "bytes".
void RecordSize(const Node* node, int output_slot, Bytes bytes);
// Returns total bytes of tensors produced by "node"s output slot.
Bytes TotalBytes(const Node* node, int output_slot) const;
// Returns a prediction for the size of the tensor at the
// output_slot produced by one execution of "node".
Bytes SizeEstimate(const Node* node, int output_slot) const;
// Records that Executions of "node" have taken "time" microseconds.
void RecordTime(const Node* node, Microseconds time);
// Returns the total execution time for "node".
Microseconds TotalTime(const Node* node) const;
// Returns a prediction for one execution of "node".
Microseconds TimeEstimate(const Node* node) const;
// Check that an estimate is available for every OP node in graph.
void CheckInitialized(const Graph& graph) const;
// Records the maximum size in bytes and optionally the corresponding shape of
// the tensor generated by "output_slot" of "node". If
void RecordMaxMemorySize(const Node* node, int output_slot, Bytes bytes,
const TensorShapeProto& tensor_shape,
const DataType& dtype);
// Returns the maximum size in bytes of the tensor generated by "output_slot"
// of "node".
Bytes MaxMemorySize(const Node* node, int output_slot) const;
// Returns the shape corresponding to the largest memory size of the tensor
// generated by "output_slot" of "node".
const TensorShapeProto& MaxMemoryShape(const Node* node,
int output_slot) const;
// Returns the shape corresponding to the largest memory size of the tensor
// generated by "output_slot" of "node".
DataType MaxMemoryType(const Node* node, int output_slot) const;
// Returns the size in bytes of temporary memory consumed by "node".
Bytes TempMemorySize(const Node* node) const;
// Returns the size of persistent memory allocated by "node".
Bytes PersistentMemorySize(const Node* node) const;
// Records memory stats such as temp momory and persistent memory.
void RecordMemoryStats(const Node* node, const MemoryStats& memory_stats);
// Records the maximum execution time (in microseconds) of "node".
void RecordMaxExecutionTime(const Node* node, Microseconds time);
// Returns the maximum execution time (in microseconds) of "node".
Microseconds MaxExecutionTime(const Node* node) const;
// Record the unique id of the tensor generated by "output_slot" of "node".
// Any other tensor sharing the same id will be an alias, i.e. it will share
// the same underlying memory storage area.
void RecordAllocationId(const Node* node, int output_slot, int64 alloc_id);
// Return the unique id of the tensor generated by "output_slot" of "node".
int64 AllocationId(const Node* node, int output_slot) const;
bool IsPersistentTensor(const Node* node, int64 alloc_id) const;
// Helper routines to encapsulate static estimation heuristics
// Compute an estimate of the time to copy "b" bytes over the network,
// given a fixed cost of "network_latency_millis" milliseconds and
// an estimated bandwidth of "estimated_gbps" gigabits per second (note that
// this value is in gigabits, not gigabytes).
static Microseconds CopyTimeEstimate(Bytes b, double network_latency_millis,
double estimated_gbps);
static Microseconds ComputationTimeEstimate(int64 mathops);
// Add this CostModel into the CostGraphDef.
void AddToCostGraphDef(const Graph* graph, CostGraphDef* cost_graph) const;
// Write the contents of the CostModel to the INFO log.
void WriteSummaryToLog() const;
// Increment the times that the cost model is updated.
void IncrementUpdateTimes();
// Get the times that the cost model is updated.
int32 GetUpdateTimes() const;
private:
static Bytes MinTensorMemoryUsage(const TensorShapeProto& tensor_shape,
const DataType& dtype);
const bool is_global_;
// Resizes vectors so that they are large enough for "id" and id's outputs.
void Ensure(int id, int num_outputs);
// Nodes and Edges whose count is < this value
// get type/byte estimates of 0.
int32 min_count_ = 0;
// The number of times the cost model is updated.
int32 update_times_ = 0;
// Number of times each Node has been executed.
std::vector<int32> count_;
// Cumulative execution time.
std::vector<Microseconds> time_;
// Cumulative Bytes output on each channel.
std::vector<gtl::InlinedVector<Bytes, 2>> slot_bytes_;
// Maximum execution time
std::vector<Microseconds> max_exec_time_;
// Maximum memory usage
struct MemUsage {
MemUsage() : temp_memory_size(0), persistent_memory_size(0) {}
// TODO(yuefengz): temp_memory_size is not being used, remove it.
Bytes temp_memory_size;
Bytes persistent_memory_size;
gtl::InlinedVector<Bytes, 2> output_port_mem;
gtl::InlinedVector<TensorShapeProto, 2> output_port_shape;
gtl::InlinedVector<DataType, 2> output_port_type;
};
std::vector<MemUsage> max_mem_usage_;
std::vector<gtl::InlinedVector<int64, 2>> output_port_alloc_ids_;
std::set<int64> persistent_alloc_ids_;
std::map<string, std::set<int64>> persistent_alloc_ids_by_devices_;
TensorShapeProto unknown_shape_;
TF_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CostModel);
};
} // namespace tensorflow
#endif // TENSORFLOW_GRAPH_COSTMODEL_H_
```
|
The River Garw (Afon Garw in Welsh, meaning "rugged river") runs for about 12 miles from its source in the hills north of Blaengarw to the confluence with the River Ogmore and the River Llynfi at Aberkenfig. It is one of three main tributaries of the River Ogmore which runs through the town of Bridgend. It is in Wales, United Kingdom.
Course
Originating in Blaengarw, it passes through the villages of Pontycymer, Pantygog, Lluest/Braichycymer, Tylagwyn, Llangeinor, Abergarw and finally the village of Brynmenyn, where it joins the River Ogmore.
Tributaries
With most of the River Garw's course running along the floor of the river valley to which its name is given, it collects a number of tributary streams along the way. These streams are listed in order of confluence with the river from its uppermost point to its confluence with the River Ogmore.
Nant Cwm Gwyn
Ffynon Daren Goch
Nant Cwm gweinen
Cwm Nant Hir
Nant Gelli Wern: This brook is best known in the local area for its small waterfall and now defunct reservoir above Pontycymers playing fields above Waun Bant.
Nant Forch Wen: This brook is known in the local area mainly for both its longstanding crossing point at Forch Las consisting of two railway sleepers stretching between its banks alongside a ford that leads between Forch Las and the highest area of Pantygog, and for the fact that it once filled the village of Pontycymer's own swimming baths (since demolished) which were closed in the 1970s to 1980s due to the polio scare of that time.
Nant Garw Fechan: Best known for the minor valley to which it gives its name. This valley and its river now form a picturesque nature reserve above the village of Braichycymer
Nant Lwyn cria
Nant Y Cwrdu
Nant Felin arw
Cae Garw Drehir
Industrial Effects
The effects of coal mining in the valley, both from small family owned shafts and major pits alike, caused the river to become polluted and dirty with coal dust and other chemicals to the point at which it was once entirely black in colour, earning it the mainly local nickname of the "Black River".
Wildlife
The River Garw once contained Salmon amongst other fish. Industrialisation of the valley resulted in their loss, but they are slowly being re-introduced as part of the valley's regeneration, after the closure of the coal mines in the 1980s and the recovery of the now useful shale through a brief period of restorative opencast mining in the 1990s.
It also runs through Bryngarw Country Park - a managed and publicly owned estate and nature reserve, where many types of birds can occasionally be seen.
Flood Risks
During periods of prolonged heavy rain, the River Garw quite commonly bursts its shallow banks, causing minor flooding in all villages along its length. As the villages are mostly up on the valley sides, this doesn't have any significant effect, save for a few places; a house that once stood next to what is now a small footbridge across the river near the children's playground on the valley floor at Pantygog was demolished some years ago due to constant flooding from the river. The river has also been known to flood the playground area at Braichycymmer, and sometimes becomes hazardous near the Llangeinor playing fields/railway crossing, and in the lower regions of Bryngarw Country Park (where it has become less of a problem due to the deepening off the river bed to these ends). Its tributary streams, one of which joins at the boundary of Pontycymer and Pantygog, can turn from mere babbling brooks to raging torrents in a matter of a few minutes, and it is not unknown for this to occur very suddenly.
See also
Garw Valley Railway
External links
Photos of the River Garw on geograph.org.uk
Garw
|
Friend is an unincorporated community in Wasco County in the U.S. state of Oregon. Considered a ghost town, little remains of the community except the Friend Store, a one-room schoolhouse, and a cemetery.
Friend was named after George J. Friend. The first post office in the community, established in 1903, was on his homestead.
Friend was the end of the line on the Great Southern Railroad. The line was built in 1908 from Dufur, which connected to The Dalles. The depot was closed and service ended on January 5, 1928; the line was abandoned in 1935. Few signs of the track still exist.
See also
List of ghost towns in Oregon
References
External links
Image of Friend, Oregon schoolhouse
Historic image of abandoned building in Friend from Salem Public Library
Ghost towns in Oregon
Populated places established in 1903
Unincorporated communities in Wasco County, Oregon
1903 establishments in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Oregon
|
Thai banana stalk carving or thaeng yuak (แทงหยวก, from Tang meaning "stab or carving", and Yuak mean "Banana stalk") is the Thai local art of carving the banana stalk for temporary decoration in funerals and cultural events such as religious ceremonies and ordination ceremonies. It is categorized as the fresh material carving section in the main 10 Thai art skills (ช่างสิบหมู่) although the population of thaeng yuak artists is very low compared to other art skills sections.
Thaeng yuak is a carving art that was popular in the lower part of central Thailand such as Phetchaburi and Ayutthaya province but most information about thaeng yuak art has been saved in Phetchaburi community more than it has been in other provinces. The main purpose of Banana Stalk Carving is to decorate the bier and funeral area. Also, thaeng yuak is made by the very skillful artists and the people who want to respect the dead. In the other words, it is used for royal funerals, as well as those of well-known monks, remarkable people and important people. However, the popularity of thaeng yuak has reduced since the new culture has become more interesting to the youth.
History
The history of thaeng yuak is still unclear because the date and the first province where thaeng yuak was invented are not recorded. There is a little information that could be used to estimate the timeline of it. Yet, the only information that could state the oldest period of thaeng yuak is the Thai poem name Khun Chang Khun Phaen. It is the epic poem that was written in the Ayutthaya period (in the middle of 17th century). In the Khun Chang Kun Phaen poem, thaeng yuak is mentioned in the Funeral of Wan Tong chapter when Khun Phaen ( the main character) decided to arrange the formal funeral for Wan Tong, one of his lovers.
Furthermore, in the 19th century, thaeng yuak art was a very common carving art in many provinces. There is a record that said almost every high monk in Phetchaburi can perform thaeng yuak art which it would be used for Buddhist festivals. More importantly, the important property of a banana stalk is fire resistant:. Banana is the plant that has volume of water inside the vessel, therefore people in the past discovered it and used it to protect the bier from the fire. This knowledge has passed through generations and becomes an art at the end.
Moreover, thaeng yuak was meant to add more attractive elements to the funeral state, the shelter and also decorate the stand for a bier, called "Mae Ru". Mae Ru is a decorated stand or a shelter for the bier usually used in important or high class funerals. Therefore, it is very difficult to has Mea Ru in other city rather than in capital city. However, Mea Ru is very popular in countryside like Phetchaburi and became the tradition of the city. The Mea Ru of Phetchaburi is unique. The reason is It is made in the same scale as high class Mea Ru, and it will be decorated with thaeng yuak. In addition, the bier is decorated by thaeng yuak on the edge and corners. Because of its beauty and delicate carving, King Rama IV (1851 A.D - 1868 A.D) decided to established thaeng yuak as the treasure of country.
Unfortunately, in the past, the book or picture of this art was very hard to find in public. To be more specific, the master of thaeng yuak usually kept their technique only for their students and taught them by experience and did some workshop rather than a book. Therefore, there are many missing pieces of evidence and timeline in thaeng yuak history. However, new generations of thaeng yuak artists have begun to share their knowledge with the public more in order to preserve the culture and art. The master of thaeng yuak also supports these new artists by giving them the guiding and original technique which able to fill the gap of thaeng yuak timeline.
Tool and Equipment
The essential tools for thaeng yuak are the sharp carving knives, hammer, and nail. For carving knives, each type of knife will do the different job and have different properties for the work.
1. Thaeng yuak knife (มีดแทงหยวก)– the knife blade is 5 inches to 6 inches long with a round sharp point. It is flexible and has a round handle. The blade is able to bend and create a smooth curve. Importantly, the knife must be always sharp otherwise the cutting line wouldn’t smooth and look messy.
2. lae laai Knife (มีดแรลาย) – It has a short blade with the colour which is used to paint the line to make it more visible.
3. Saw and Cable cutter – to cut the banana tree
Essential equipment for thaeng yuak, there are 4 items
1. Banana stalk – The suitable banana stalk should come from the adult banana tree with 3 meters tall and the tree must does not have banana blossom yet. The diameter should be around 20 centimeters. Also, the artist should use a Tania banana tree because it is durable to the weather and long lasting compared to the others (for the Tania banana tree, it will take about 24 hours to be rotten,a normal banana tree will take about 10 hours to be rotten).
2. Colored aluminium foil paper – Using the property of glitter, it will make the pattern look more dominant and the colour is long lasting. Moreover, the paper is water resistant.
3. Food colour – Usually red, blue and yellow
4. The bamboo strips – It is used to bind the banana stalks together or with the object. The approximate length is 60 centimeters and 1 to 1.5 centimeters for the width.
Pattern styles
Because thaeng yuak is the art that bonds with the daily life of people and used it in many religious festivals and becomes the culture of local people. The art has been influenced by the lifestyle of people and creates their own unique pattern. The pattern styles are based on the ideal of beauty in Thai art such as Kranok pattern (ลายกระหนก). Some patterns has lost by the change of new lifestyle but the others have been saved by the tradition and some new generations. Therefore, the old pattern will be saved and survive through the time. They are similar to Thai traditional style such as Kra nok pattern but the detail is not as rich as the normal pattern. Thaeng yuak is the art that uses fresh plants as the material, therefore it must be done in a day before it would rot. There are 7 main patterns for thaeng yuak:
1) 1st Herringbone pattern or "Fun Nung pattern (ลายฟันหนึ่ง)"in Thai (Fun or ฟัน in this case, it means herringbone, Nung or หนึ่ง means one or the first ) – it is the basic beginner pattern
2) 3rd Herringbone pattern or "Fun Sarm pattern (ลายฟันสาม)" in Thai (Sarm or สาม mean three or the third) – very common pattern for all thaeng yuak artists
3) 5th Herringbone pattern or "Fun Ha pattern (ลายฟันห้า)" in Thai (Ha or ห้า mean five or the fifth) – the pattern is bigger than the 3rd Herringbone pattern which makes it can’t split into two equal pieces, therefore it will have some decoration instead.
A) The Mixing pattern - the 1st, 3rd, and 5th Herringbone patterns can be combined together to create 2 layers of patterns but they usually combine only 2 styles together. For example, 1st and 3rd Herringbone patterns, the 1st Herringbone will be the first layer and then place 3rd Herringbone at the back. Or 5th Herringbone combine together which they will create the 2 layers of 5th Herringbone pattern.
4) Tiger calf pattern ( "ลายน่องสิงห์", Nong Sing pattern, น่อง or Nong means calf and สิงห์ or Sing means tiger ) is the basic pattern used on the pole or edge of a bier or Mea ru.
5) Na Kra Darn pattern (ลายหน้ากระดาน) or front board pattern (ลายหน้ากระดาน, หน้า means front and กระดาน means board) is the pattern used on top, middle and floor areas of a bier.
6) Sao pattern (ลายเสา) or pole pattern (ลายเสา,เสา mean pole) is a very important pattern for every thaeng yuak artist. This pattern is the freestyle area where artists can design it by themselves. The pattern can be any shape or picture depending on the maker.
7) Kra Jung pattern (ลายกระจัง) is the extra part, it is used to decorate 1st herringbone and 3rd herringbone pattern but it is usually on top and middle part of a bier because the pattern is pointing downward.
Procedure
Thaeng yuak is an art that needs:
precision
fast processing
time management
Thaeng yuak is all about the time limit that forces the maker to eliminate unnecessary methods and reduce the detail of patterns and yet still looks beautiful. The procedure of making banana stalk carvings has only 4 steps which are
1. Carving the 1st herringbone pattern
2. Carving 3rd and 5th herringbone pattern on banana stalks
3. Carving Na Kra Darn pattern and Sao pattern on the other banana stalks
4. (Lae laai step) Colouring the inner surface by using Lae laai knife with the colour and gently carving the surface (after carving the herringbone pattern).
See also
Fruit carving
Thai art
References
Thai art
Carving
Bananas in culture
|
```java
package org.telegram.telegrambots.meta.api.methods.send;
import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.SuperBuilder;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.meta.api.methods.botapimethods.PartialBotApiMethod;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.meta.api.objects.InputFile;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.meta.api.objects.ReplyParameters;
import org.telegram.telegrambots.meta.api.objects.replykeyboard.ReplyKeyboard;
import java.io.Serializable;
@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
@SuperBuilder
public abstract class SendMediaBotMethod<T extends Serializable> extends PartialBotApiMethod<T> {
public static final String CHAT_ID_FIELD = "chat_id";
public static final String MESSAGE_THREAD_ID_FIELD = "message_thread_id";
public static final String REPLY_TO_MESSAGE_ID_FIELD = "reply_to_message_id";
public static final String DISABLE_NOTIFICATION_FIELD = "disable_notification";
public static final String PROTECT_CONTENT_FIELD = "protect_content";
public static final String ALLOW_SENDING_WITHOUT_REPLY_FIELD = "allow_sending_without_reply";
public static final String REPLY_PARAMETERS_FIELD = "reply_parameters";
public static final String REPLY_MARKUP_FIELD = "reply_markup";
public static final String MESSAGE_EFFECT_ID_FIELD = "message_effect_id";
public abstract String getChatId();
public abstract Integer getMessageThreadId();
public abstract Integer getReplyToMessageId();
public abstract Boolean getDisableNotification();
public abstract Boolean getAllowSendingWithoutReply();
public abstract Boolean getProtectContent();
public abstract InputFile getFile();
public abstract String getFileField();
public abstract ReplyParameters getReplyParameters();
public abstract ReplyKeyboard getReplyMarkup();
public abstract String getMessageEffectId();
public static abstract class SendMediaBotMethodBuilder<T extends Serializable, C extends SendMediaBotMethod<T>, B extends SendMediaBotMethodBuilder<T, C, B>> extends PartialBotApiMethodBuilder<T, C, B> {
}
}
```
|
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var minViewBufferIndex = require( '@stdlib/strided/base/min-view-buffer-index' );
var offsetView = require( '@stdlib/strided/base/offset-view' );
var addon = require( './snansumkbn.native.js' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Computes the sum of single-precision floating-point strided array elements, ignoring `NaN` values and using an improved KahanBabuka algorithm.
*
* @param {PositiveInteger} N - number of indexed elements
* @param {Float32Array} x - input array
* @param {integer} stride - stride length
* @param {NonNegativeInteger} offset - starting index
* @returns {number} sum
*
* @example
* var Float32Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float32' );
*
* var x = new Float32Array( [ 2.0, 1.0, 2.0, -2.0, -2.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, NaN, NaN ] );
*
* var v = snansumkbn( 5, x, 2, 1 );
* // returns 5.0
*/
function snansumkbn( N, x, stride, offset ) {
var view;
offset = minViewBufferIndex( N, stride, offset );
view = offsetView( x, offset );
return addon( N, view, stride );
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = snansumkbn;
```
|
```html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "path_to_url">
<html xmlns="path_to_url">
<head>
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<title>MEGA 2.0</title>
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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet
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<span class="nw-fm-tree-folder folder">Folder</span>
</span>
<span class="nw-fm-tree-item">
<span class="nw-fm-arrow-icon"></span>
<span class="nw-fm-tree-folder folder">Folder</span>
</span>
<span class="nw-fm-tree-item">
<span class="nw-fm-arrow-icon"></span>
<span class="nw-fm-tree-folder folder">Folder</span>
</span>
</li>
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</span>
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</ul>
</div>
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<span>Deleted folders</span>
<div class="move-dialog-panel-arrows"></div>
</div>
<div class="dialog-content-block">
<ul>
<li>
<span class="nw-fm-tree-item">
<span class="nw-fm-arrow-icon"></span>
<span class="nw-fm-tree-folder shared-folder">Folder</span>
</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div class="fm-dialog-button dialog-newfolder-button">
New folder
</div>
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Paste
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Cancel
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```
|
GMT (General Motors Truck) is a nomenclature used by General Motors to designate multiple vehicle platforms. In use since the early 1980s, the GMT nomenclature is used for light trucks, full-size SUVs, and vans, along with several medium-duty trucks. With only a few exceptions, nearly all GMT vehicles use body-on-frame construction, along with rear-wheel drive (or all-wheel drive) powertrain configurations.
Primary applications
Primary applications of the platform – those that are equivalent in basic RWD/frame structure to each other – existed from 1981 to 1989, and again since 2018.
Light trucks and SUVs
Pickups and SUVs have been the main vehicles underpinned by GMT platforms, being involved for the entirety of the platform's existence.
Fullsize
GMT400 – Chevrolet C/K and variants, 1988 – 2002
GMT800 – Chevrolet Silverado and variants, 1999 – 2007
GMT900 – Chevrolet Silverado and variants, 2007 – 2014
GMTK2XX – Chevrolet Silverado and variants, 2014 – 2019
GMTT1XX – Chevrolet Silverado and variants, 2019–present
Midsize
GMT325 – Chevrolet S-10 and truck rebadgings, 1982 – 2012
GMT330 – Chevrolet S-10 Blazer and SUV rebadgings, 1983 – 2012
GMT355 – First-gen. Chevrolet Colorado and truck rebadgings, 2004 – 2012
GMT360 – Chevrolet TrailBlazer and rebadgings, 2002 – 2009
GMT700, later GMT31XX – Second-gen. Chevrolet Colorado, 2012–present
GMT700, later GMT31XX – Second-gen. Chevrolet TrailBlazer SUV, 2012–present
Hummer
In contrast to the Hummer H1–designed and assembled by AM General, the Hummer H2 and Hummer H3 were developed by GM, receiving their own platform designations. Designated the GMT825, the H2 was derived from the GMT820 (Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon), with its own midsection frame design and a rear frame shared with the 2500-series GMT800 pickup trucks.
The H3 SUV was designated the GMT345, a close variant of the GMT355 (Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon). The 2009-2010 H3T pickup truck was designated as the GMT745, adopting a nomenclature closer in line with the GMT700 used by the later second-generation Colorado/Canyon.
Vans
The 1996 Chevrolet Express/GMC Savana replaced the previous G-series Van/Vandura, adopting the GMT600 designation. As part of a model update and revision for 2003, GM changed the Express/Savana to GMT610, which remains in use, the model line competes with the Ford Transit, and Ford E-Series (dependent on configuration), Mercedes-Benz/Freightliner Sprinter, Dodge Ram Wagon, and the Ram ProMaster (cargo van only).
Medium trucks
For 1990, the Chevrolet Kodiak/GMC TopKick medium-duty trucks adopted the GMT530 designation (sharing the cab of the GMT400 trucks). For 2003, the line was redesigned, becoming the GMT560 platform (sharing a version of the GMT610 cab). After the 2009 model year, General Motors ended medium-duty truck production.
Since 2018, a medium-duty version of the GMTK2XX has been produced in a joint venture with Navistar International.
Other applications
While the aforementioned platforms are the ones model commonly referred to as GMT platforms, there have been other instances of the name being applied which are not for RWD and/or body-on-frame vehicles.
MPVs
For 1990, GM unveiled its first minivans, all of which were underpinned by the first generation of the U platform. This platform was given the alternate name of GMT199 shortly thereafter, beginning the pattern of expanded use for the GMT platform name. This pattern was kept for the 1996 second-generation and 2005 third-generation GM minivans, called the GMT200 and GMT201 platforms, respectively. With the 2010 introduction of the fourth-generation U platform, the designation GMT510 was planned for use. However, all of the GM minivans (save for the China-exclusive Buick GL8) were dropped, ergo the name went unused.
For its production from 2006 to 2011, the compact wagon-bodied Chevrolet HHR rode on the Delta platform. Despite this, it was internally given the designation of GMT001.
Crossovers
In 2001 and 2002, the Pontiac Aztek and Buick Rendezvous were introduced, respectively. These were built upon a shortened version of the U platform which underpinned GM's minivans. As such, they were given the GMT 250 and GMT 257 names respectively. For 2003, Cadillac released their first crossover, the Sigma-based first-generation SRX. Being a luxury model, it was given the alternate platform code of GMT265. The successive generation SRX, on an entirely different platform, was called GMT166. The related Saab 9-4X was called GMT168.
In 2004, with the release of the first-generation Chevrolet Equinox, the GMT 191 name was internally used to refer to it. Consequently, the GMT190 name was retroactively applied to the second-generation Chevrolet Tracker, which could be considered one of the Equinox's predecessors. GMT192 was used to refer to the Pontiac Torrent, which was released a year later. The next application of this platform was called GMT193, used exclusively for the second-generation Suzuki XL7, which was discontinued in 2009. The 2010 second-generation Chevrolet Equinox, was
called GMT172. The related GMC Terrain was called GMT177. In 2017, the third-generation Equinox went on sale, though it did not use an alternate GMT designation for its platform, and simply used the latest Delta platform variant D2XX. This decision, along with the equivalent shifts for the Enclave and Traverse models in the same year, made for the end of the use of GMT-platform designations for models that are not RWD and body-on-frame.
For 2007, the release of the new Saturn Outlook and GMC Acadia, as well as the Lambda platform, occurred. Lambda itself was called the GMT960 series, with each individual vehicle it underpinned getting an alternate GMT-designation as well. The Outlook was given GMT966, and the Acadia GMT968. The next year, the Buick Enclave and Chevrolet Traverse were introduced, and given GMT967 and GMT561, respectively. Despite numerical similarity in nomenclature of these platforms to the GMT900/GMT560 platforms, there was no further relation, as these models were actually more similar to the other GM crossover platforms.
GMT
|
```php
<?php
namespace Illuminate\Contracts\Auth;
interface CanResetPassword
{
/**
* Get the e-mail address where password reset links are sent.
*
* @return string
*/
public function getEmailForPasswordReset();
/**
* Send the password reset notification.
*
* @param string $token
* @return void
*/
public function sendPasswordResetNotification($token);
}
```
|
```c
/*
*
*/
#include "spi_andes_atcspi200.h"
#include <zephyr/irq.h>
#define DT_DRV_COMPAT andestech_atcspi200
typedef void (*atcspi200_cfg_func_t)(void);
#ifdef CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
#define ANDES_SPI_DMA_ERROR_FLAG 0x01
#define ANDES_SPI_DMA_RX_DONE_FLAG 0x02
#define ANDES_SPI_DMA_TX_DONE_FLAG 0x04
#define ANDES_SPI_DMA_DONE_FLAG \
(ANDES_SPI_DMA_RX_DONE_FLAG | ANDES_SPI_DMA_TX_DONE_FLAG)
struct stream {
const struct device *dma_dev;
uint32_t channel;
uint32_t block_idx;
struct dma_config dma_cfg;
struct dma_block_config dma_blk_cfg;
struct dma_block_config chain_block[MAX_CHAIN_SIZE];
uint8_t priority;
bool src_addr_increment;
bool dst_addr_increment;
};
#endif
struct spi_atcspi200_data {
struct spi_context ctx;
uint32_t tx_fifo_size;
uint32_t rx_fifo_size;
int tx_cnt;
size_t chunk_len;
bool busy;
#ifdef CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
struct stream dma_rx;
struct stream dma_tx;
#endif
};
struct spi_atcspi200_cfg {
atcspi200_cfg_func_t cfg_func;
uint32_t base;
uint32_t irq_num;
uint32_t f_sys;
bool xip;
};
/* API Functions */
static int spi_config(const struct device *dev,
const struct spi_config *config)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
uint32_t sclk_div, data_len;
/* Set the divisor for SPI interface sclk */
sclk_div = (cfg->f_sys / (config->frequency << 1)) - 1;
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TIMIN(cfg->base), TIMIN_SCLK_DIV_MSK);
sys_set_bits(SPI_TIMIN(cfg->base), sclk_div);
/* Set Master mode */
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_SLVMODE_MSK);
/* Disable data merge mode */
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_DATA_MERGE_MSK);
/* Set data length */
data_len = SPI_WORD_SIZE_GET(config->operation) - 1;
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_DATA_LEN_MSK);
sys_set_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), (data_len << TFMAT_DATA_LEN_OFFSET));
/* Set SPI frame format */
if (config->operation & SPI_MODE_CPHA) {
sys_set_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_CPHA_MSK);
} else {
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_CPHA_MSK);
}
if (config->operation & SPI_MODE_CPOL) {
sys_set_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_CPOL_MSK);
} else {
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_CPOL_MSK);
}
/* Set SPI bit order */
if (config->operation & SPI_TRANSFER_LSB) {
sys_set_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_LSB_MSK);
} else {
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TFMAT(cfg->base), TFMAT_LSB_MSK);
}
/* Set TX/RX FIFO threshold */
sys_clear_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_TX_THRES_MSK);
sys_clear_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_RX_THRES_MSK);
sys_set_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), TX_FIFO_THRESHOLD << CTRL_TX_THRES_OFFSET);
sys_set_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), RX_FIFO_THRESHOLD << CTRL_RX_THRES_OFFSET);
return 0;
}
static int spi_transfer(const struct device *dev)
{
struct spi_atcspi200_data * const data = dev->data;
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
uint32_t data_len, tctrl, int_msk;
if (data->chunk_len != 0) {
data_len = data->chunk_len - 1;
} else {
data_len = 0;
}
if (data_len > MAX_TRANSFER_CNT) {
return -EINVAL;
}
data->tx_cnt = 0;
if (!spi_context_rx_on(ctx)) {
tctrl = (TRNS_MODE_WRITE_ONLY << TCTRL_TRNS_MODE_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_WR_TCNT_OFFSET);
int_msk = IEN_TX_FIFO_MSK | IEN_END_MSK;
} else if (!spi_context_tx_on(ctx)) {
tctrl = (TRNS_MODE_READ_ONLY << TCTRL_TRNS_MODE_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_RD_TCNT_OFFSET);
int_msk = IEN_RX_FIFO_MSK | IEN_END_MSK;
} else {
tctrl = (TRNS_MODE_WRITE_READ << TCTRL_TRNS_MODE_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_WR_TCNT_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_RD_TCNT_OFFSET);
int_msk = IEN_TX_FIFO_MSK |
IEN_RX_FIFO_MSK |
IEN_END_MSK;
}
sys_write32(tctrl, SPI_TCTRL(cfg->base));
/* Enable TX/RX FIFO interrupts */
sys_write32(int_msk, SPI_INTEN(cfg->base));
/* Start transferring */
sys_write32(0, SPI_CMD(cfg->base));
return 0;
}
static int configure(const struct device *dev,
const struct spi_config *config)
{
struct spi_atcspi200_data * const data = dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &(data->ctx);
if (spi_context_configured(ctx, config)) {
/* Already configured. No need to do it again. */
return 0;
}
if (SPI_OP_MODE_GET(config->operation) != SPI_OP_MODE_MASTER) {
LOG_ERR("Slave mode is not supported on %s",
dev->name);
return -EINVAL;
}
if (config->operation & SPI_MODE_LOOP) {
LOG_ERR("Loopback mode is not supported");
return -EINVAL;
}
if ((config->operation & SPI_LINES_MASK) != SPI_LINES_SINGLE) {
LOG_ERR("Only single line mode is supported");
return -EINVAL;
}
ctx->config = config;
/* SPI configuration */
spi_config(dev, config);
return 0;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
static int spi_dma_tx_load(const struct device *dev);
static int spi_dma_rx_load(const struct device *dev);
static inline void spi_tx_dma_enable(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
/* Enable TX DMA */
sys_set_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_TX_DMA_EN_MSK);
}
static inline void spi_tx_dma_disable(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
/* Disable TX DMA */
sys_clear_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_TX_DMA_EN_MSK);
}
static inline void spi_rx_dma_enable(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
/* Enable RX DMA */
sys_set_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_RX_DMA_EN_MSK);
}
static inline void spi_rx_dma_disable(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
/* Disable RX DMA */
sys_clear_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_RX_DMA_EN_MSK);
}
static int spi_dma_move_buffers(const struct device *dev)
{
struct spi_atcspi200_data *data = dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
uint32_t error = 0;
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
if (spi_context_tx_on(ctx)) {
error = spi_dma_tx_load(dev);
if (error != 0) {
return error;
}
}
if (spi_context_rx_on(ctx)) {
error = spi_dma_rx_load(dev);
if (error != 0) {
return error;
}
}
return 0;
}
static inline void dma_rx_callback(const struct device *dev, void *user_data,
uint32_t channel, int status)
{
const struct device *spi_dev = (struct device *)user_data;
struct spi_atcspi200_data *data = spi_dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
int error;
dma_stop(data->dma_rx.dma_dev, data->dma_rx.channel);
spi_rx_dma_disable(spi_dev);
if (spi_context_rx_on(ctx)) {
if (spi_dma_rx_load(spi_dev) != 0) {
return;
}
spi_rx_dma_enable(spi_dev);
error = dma_start(data->dma_rx.dma_dev, data->dma_rx.channel);
__ASSERT(error == 0, "dma_start was failed in rx callback");
}
}
static inline void dma_tx_callback(const struct device *dev, void *user_data,
uint32_t channel, int status)
{
const struct device *spi_dev = (struct device *)user_data;
struct spi_atcspi200_data *data = spi_dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
int error;
dma_stop(data->dma_tx.dma_dev, data->dma_tx.channel);
spi_tx_dma_disable(spi_dev);
if (spi_context_tx_on(ctx)) {
if (spi_dma_tx_load(spi_dev) != 0) {
return;
}
spi_tx_dma_enable(spi_dev);
error = dma_start(data->dma_tx.dma_dev, data->dma_tx.channel);
__ASSERT(error == 0, "dma_start was failed in tx callback");
}
}
/*
* dummy value used for transferring NOP when tx buf is null
* and use as dummy sink for when rx buf is null
*/
uint32_t dummy_rx_tx_buffer;
static int spi_dma_tx_load(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
struct spi_atcspi200_data *data = dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
int remain_len, ret, dfs;
/* prepare the block for this TX DMA channel */
memset(&data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg, 0, sizeof(struct dma_block_config));
if (ctx->current_tx->len > data->chunk_len) {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.block_size = data->chunk_len /
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.dest_data_size;
} else {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.block_size = ctx->current_tx->len /
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.dest_data_size;
}
/* tx direction has memory as source and periph as dest. */
if (ctx->current_tx->buf == NULL) {
dummy_rx_tx_buffer = 0;
/* if tx buff is null, then sends NOP on the line. */
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.source_address = (uintptr_t)&dummy_rx_tx_buffer;
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
} else {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.source_address = (uintptr_t)ctx->current_tx->buf;
if (data->dma_tx.src_addr_increment) {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
}
dfs = SPI_WORD_SIZE_GET(ctx->config->operation) >> 3;
remain_len = data->chunk_len - ctx->current_tx->len;
spi_context_update_tx(ctx, dfs, ctx->current_tx->len);
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_address = (uint32_t)SPI_DATA(cfg->base);
/* fifo mode NOT USED there */
if (data->dma_tx.dst_addr_increment) {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
/* direction is given by the DT */
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.head_block = &data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg;
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.head_block->next_block = NULL;
/* give the client dev as arg, as the callback comes from the dma */
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.user_data = (void *)dev;
if (data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.source_chaining_en) {
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.block_count = ctx->tx_count;
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.dma_callback = NULL;
data->dma_tx.block_idx = 0;
struct dma_block_config *blk_cfg = &data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg;
const struct spi_buf *current_tx = ctx->current_tx;
while (remain_len > 0) {
struct dma_block_config *next_blk_cfg;
next_blk_cfg = &data->dma_tx.chain_block[data->dma_tx.block_idx];
data->dma_tx.block_idx += 1;
blk_cfg->next_block = next_blk_cfg;
current_tx = ctx->current_tx;
next_blk_cfg->block_size = current_tx->len /
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.dest_data_size;
/* tx direction has memory as source and periph as dest. */
if (current_tx->buf == NULL) {
dummy_rx_tx_buffer = 0;
/* if tx buff is null, then sends NOP on the line. */
next_blk_cfg->source_address = (uintptr_t)&dummy_rx_tx_buffer;
next_blk_cfg->source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
} else {
next_blk_cfg->source_address = (uintptr_t)current_tx->buf;
if (data->dma_tx.src_addr_increment) {
next_blk_cfg->source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
next_blk_cfg->source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
}
next_blk_cfg->dest_address = (uint32_t)SPI_DATA(cfg->base);
/* fifo mode NOT USED there */
if (data->dma_tx.dst_addr_increment) {
next_blk_cfg->dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
next_blk_cfg->dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
blk_cfg = next_blk_cfg;
next_blk_cfg->next_block = NULL;
remain_len -= ctx->current_tx->len;
spi_context_update_tx(ctx, dfs, ctx->current_tx->len);
}
} else {
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.block_count = 1;
data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.dma_callback = dma_tx_callback;
}
/* pass our client origin to the dma: data->dma_tx.dma_channel */
ret = dma_config(data->dma_tx.dma_dev, data->dma_tx.channel,
&data->dma_tx.dma_cfg);
/* the channel is the actual stream from 0 */
if (ret != 0) {
data->dma_tx.block_idx = 0;
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
return ret;
}
return 0;
}
static int spi_dma_rx_load(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
struct spi_atcspi200_data *data = dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
int remain_len, ret, dfs;
/* prepare the block for this RX DMA channel */
memset(&data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg, 0, sizeof(struct dma_block_config));
if (ctx->current_rx->len > data->chunk_len) {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.block_size = data->chunk_len /
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.dest_data_size;
} else {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.block_size = ctx->current_rx->len /
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.dest_data_size;
}
/* rx direction has periph as source and mem as dest. */
if (ctx->current_rx->buf == NULL) {
/* if rx buff is null, then write data to dummy address. */
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_address = (uintptr_t)&dummy_rx_tx_buffer;
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
} else {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_address = (uintptr_t)ctx->current_rx->buf;
if (data->dma_rx.dst_addr_increment) {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
}
dfs = SPI_WORD_SIZE_GET(ctx->config->operation) >> 3;
remain_len = data->chunk_len - ctx->current_rx->len;
spi_context_update_rx(ctx, dfs, ctx->current_rx->len);
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.source_address = (uint32_t)SPI_DATA(cfg->base);
if (data->dma_rx.src_addr_increment) {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.head_block = &data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg;
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.head_block->next_block = NULL;
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.user_data = (void *)dev;
if (data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.source_chaining_en) {
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.block_count = ctx->rx_count;
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.dma_callback = NULL;
data->dma_rx.block_idx = 0;
struct dma_block_config *blk_cfg = &data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg;
const struct spi_buf *current_rx = ctx->current_rx;
while (remain_len > 0) {
struct dma_block_config *next_blk_cfg;
next_blk_cfg = &data->dma_rx.chain_block[data->dma_rx.block_idx];
data->dma_rx.block_idx += 1;
blk_cfg->next_block = next_blk_cfg;
current_rx = ctx->current_rx;
next_blk_cfg->block_size = current_rx->len /
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.dest_data_size;
/* rx direction has periph as source and mem as dest. */
if (current_rx->buf == NULL) {
/* if rx buff is null, then write data to dummy address. */
next_blk_cfg->dest_address = (uintptr_t)&dummy_rx_tx_buffer;
next_blk_cfg->dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
} else {
next_blk_cfg->dest_address = (uintptr_t)current_rx->buf;
if (data->dma_rx.dst_addr_increment) {
next_blk_cfg->dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
next_blk_cfg->dest_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
}
next_blk_cfg->source_address = (uint32_t)SPI_DATA(cfg->base);
if (data->dma_rx.src_addr_increment) {
next_blk_cfg->source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_INCREMENT;
} else {
next_blk_cfg->source_addr_adj = DMA_ADDR_ADJ_NO_CHANGE;
}
blk_cfg = next_blk_cfg;
next_blk_cfg->next_block = NULL;
remain_len -= ctx->current_rx->len;
spi_context_update_rx(ctx, dfs, ctx->current_rx->len);
}
} else {
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.block_count = 1;
data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.dma_callback = dma_rx_callback;
}
/* pass our client origin to the dma: data->dma_rx.channel */
ret = dma_config(data->dma_rx.dma_dev, data->dma_rx.channel,
&data->dma_rx.dma_cfg);
/* the channel is the actual stream from 0 */
if (ret != 0) {
data->dma_rx.block_idx = 0;
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
return ret;
}
return 0;
}
static int spi_transfer_dma(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
struct spi_atcspi200_data * const data = dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
uint32_t data_len, tctrl, dma_rx_enable, dma_tx_enable;
int error = 0;
data_len = data->chunk_len - 1;
if (data_len > MAX_TRANSFER_CNT) {
return -EINVAL;
}
if (!spi_context_rx_on(ctx)) {
tctrl = (TRNS_MODE_WRITE_ONLY << TCTRL_TRNS_MODE_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_WR_TCNT_OFFSET);
dma_rx_enable = 0;
dma_tx_enable = 1;
} else if (!spi_context_tx_on(ctx)) {
tctrl = (TRNS_MODE_READ_ONLY << TCTRL_TRNS_MODE_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_RD_TCNT_OFFSET);
dma_rx_enable = 1;
dma_tx_enable = 0;
} else {
tctrl = (TRNS_MODE_WRITE_READ << TCTRL_TRNS_MODE_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_WR_TCNT_OFFSET) |
(data_len << TCTRL_RD_TCNT_OFFSET);
dma_rx_enable = 1;
dma_tx_enable = 1;
}
sys_write32(tctrl, SPI_TCTRL(cfg->base));
/* Set sclk_div to zero */
sys_clear_bits(SPI_TIMIN(cfg->base), 0xff);
/* Enable END Interrupts */
sys_write32(IEN_END_MSK, SPI_INTEN(cfg->base));
/* Setting DMA config*/
error = spi_dma_move_buffers(dev);
if (error != 0) {
return error;
}
/* Start transferring */
sys_write32(0, SPI_CMD(cfg->base));
if (dma_rx_enable) {
spi_rx_dma_enable(dev);
error = dma_start(data->dma_rx.dma_dev, data->dma_rx.channel);
if (error != 0) {
return error;
}
}
if (dma_tx_enable) {
spi_tx_dma_enable(dev);
error = dma_start(data->dma_tx.dma_dev, data->dma_tx.channel);
if (error != 0) {
return error;
}
}
return 0;
}
#endif
static int transceive(const struct device *dev,
const struct spi_config *config,
const struct spi_buf_set *tx_bufs,
const struct spi_buf_set *rx_bufs,
bool asynchronous,
spi_callback_t cb,
void *userdata)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
struct spi_atcspi200_data * const data = dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
int error, dfs;
size_t chunk_len;
spi_context_lock(ctx, asynchronous, cb, userdata, config);
error = configure(dev, config);
if (error == 0) {
data->busy = true;
dfs = SPI_WORD_SIZE_GET(ctx->config->operation) >> 3;
spi_context_buffers_setup(ctx, tx_bufs, rx_bufs, dfs);
spi_context_cs_control(ctx, true);
sys_set_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_TX_FIFO_RST_MSK);
sys_set_bits(SPI_CTRL(cfg->base), CTRL_RX_FIFO_RST_MSK);
if (!spi_context_rx_on(ctx)) {
chunk_len = spi_context_total_tx_len(ctx);
} else if (!spi_context_tx_on(ctx)) {
chunk_len = spi_context_total_rx_len(ctx);
} else {
size_t rx_len = spi_context_total_rx_len(ctx);
size_t tx_len = spi_context_total_tx_len(ctx);
chunk_len = MIN(rx_len, tx_len);
}
data->chunk_len = chunk_len;
#ifdef CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
if ((data->dma_tx.dma_dev != NULL) && (data->dma_rx.dma_dev != NULL)) {
error = spi_transfer_dma(dev);
if (error != 0) {
spi_context_cs_control(ctx, false);
goto out;
}
} else {
#endif /* CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE */
error = spi_transfer(dev);
if (error != 0) {
spi_context_cs_control(ctx, false);
goto out;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE */
error = spi_context_wait_for_completion(ctx);
spi_context_cs_control(ctx, false);
}
out:
spi_context_release(ctx, error);
return error;
}
int spi_atcspi200_transceive(const struct device *dev,
const struct spi_config *config,
const struct spi_buf_set *tx_bufs,
const struct spi_buf_set *rx_bufs)
{
return transceive(dev, config, tx_bufs, rx_bufs, false, NULL, NULL);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SPI_ASYNC
int spi_atcspi200_transceive_async(const struct device *dev,
const struct spi_config *config,
const struct spi_buf_set *tx_bufs,
const struct spi_buf_set *rx_bufs,
spi_callback_t cb,
void *userdata)
{
return transceive(dev, config, tx_bufs, rx_bufs, true, cb, userdata);
}
#endif
int spi_atcspi200_release(const struct device *dev,
const struct spi_config *config)
{
struct spi_atcspi200_data * const data = dev->data;
if (data->busy) {
return -EBUSY;
}
spi_context_unlock_unconditionally(&data->ctx);
return 0;
}
int spi_atcspi200_init(const struct device *dev)
{
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
struct spi_atcspi200_data * const data = dev->data;
int err = 0;
/* we should not configure the device we are running on */
if (cfg->xip) {
return -EINVAL;
}
spi_context_unlock_unconditionally(&data->ctx);
#ifdef CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
if (!data->dma_tx.dma_dev) {
LOG_ERR("DMA device not found");
return -ENODEV;
}
if (!data->dma_rx.dma_dev) {
LOG_ERR("DMA device not found");
return -ENODEV;
}
#endif
/* Get the TX/RX FIFO size of this device */
data->tx_fifo_size = TX_FIFO_SIZE(cfg->base);
data->rx_fifo_size = RX_FIFO_SIZE(cfg->base);
cfg->cfg_func();
irq_enable(cfg->irq_num);
err = spi_context_cs_configure_all(&data->ctx);
if (err < 0) {
return err;
}
return 0;
}
static const struct spi_driver_api spi_atcspi200_api = {
.transceive = spi_atcspi200_transceive,
#ifdef CONFIG_SPI_ASYNC
.transceive_async = spi_atcspi200_transceive_async,
#endif
.release = spi_atcspi200_release
};
static void spi_atcspi200_irq_handler(void *arg)
{
const struct device * const dev = (const struct device *) arg;
const struct spi_atcspi200_cfg * const cfg = dev->config;
struct spi_atcspi200_data * const data = dev->data;
struct spi_context *ctx = &data->ctx;
uint32_t rx_data, cur_tx_fifo_num, cur_rx_fifo_num;
uint32_t i, dfs, intr_status, spi_status;
uint32_t tx_num = 0, tx_data = 0;
int error = 0;
intr_status = sys_read32(SPI_INTST(cfg->base));
dfs = SPI_WORD_SIZE_GET(ctx->config->operation) >> 3;
if ((intr_status & INTST_TX_FIFO_INT_MSK) &&
!(intr_status & INTST_END_INT_MSK)) {
spi_status = sys_read32(SPI_STAT(cfg->base));
cur_tx_fifo_num = GET_TX_NUM(cfg->base);
tx_num = data->tx_fifo_size - cur_tx_fifo_num;
for (i = tx_num; i > 0; i--) {
if (data->tx_cnt >= data->chunk_len) {
/* Have already sent a chunk of data, so stop
* sending data!
*/
sys_clear_bits(SPI_INTEN(cfg->base), IEN_TX_FIFO_MSK);
break;
}
if (spi_context_tx_buf_on(ctx)) {
switch (dfs) {
case 1:
tx_data = *ctx->tx_buf;
break;
case 2:
tx_data = *(uint16_t *)ctx->tx_buf;
break;
}
} else if (spi_context_tx_on(ctx)) {
tx_data = 0;
} else {
sys_clear_bits(SPI_INTEN(cfg->base), IEN_TX_FIFO_MSK);
break;
}
sys_write32(tx_data, SPI_DATA(cfg->base));
spi_context_update_tx(ctx, dfs, 1);
data->tx_cnt++;
}
sys_write32(INTST_TX_FIFO_INT_MSK, SPI_INTST(cfg->base));
}
if (intr_status & INTST_RX_FIFO_INT_MSK) {
cur_rx_fifo_num = GET_RX_NUM(cfg->base);
for (i = cur_rx_fifo_num; i > 0; i--) {
rx_data = sys_read32(SPI_DATA(cfg->base));
if (spi_context_rx_buf_on(ctx)) {
switch (dfs) {
case 1:
*ctx->rx_buf = rx_data;
break;
case 2:
*(uint16_t *)ctx->rx_buf = rx_data;
break;
}
} else if (!spi_context_rx_on(ctx)) {
sys_clear_bits(SPI_INTEN(cfg->base), IEN_RX_FIFO_MSK);
}
spi_context_update_rx(ctx, dfs, 1);
}
sys_write32(INTST_RX_FIFO_INT_MSK, SPI_INTST(cfg->base));
}
if (intr_status & INTST_END_INT_MSK) {
/* Clear end interrupt */
sys_write32(INTST_END_INT_MSK, SPI_INTST(cfg->base));
/* Disable all SPI interrupts */
sys_write32(0, SPI_INTEN(cfg->base));
#ifdef CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
if ((data->dma_tx.dma_dev != NULL) && data->dma_tx.dma_cfg.source_chaining_en) {
spi_tx_dma_disable(dev);
dma_stop(data->dma_tx.dma_dev, data->dma_tx.channel);
data->dma_tx.block_idx = 0;
data->dma_tx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
}
if ((data->dma_rx.dma_dev != NULL) && data->dma_rx.dma_cfg.source_chaining_en) {
spi_rx_dma_disable(dev);
dma_stop(data->dma_rx.dma_dev, data->dma_rx.channel);
data->dma_rx.block_idx = 0;
data->dma_rx.dma_blk_cfg.next_block = NULL;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE */
data->busy = false;
spi_context_complete(ctx, dev, error);
}
}
#if CONFIG_ANDES_SPI_DMA_MODE
#define ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_DIRECTION(config) (FIELD_GET(GENMASK(1, 0), config))
#define ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_PERIPHERAL_ADDR_INC(config) (FIELD_GET(BIT(2), config))
#define ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_MEMORY_ADDR_INC(config) (FIELD_GET(BIT(3), config))
#define ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_PERIPHERAL_DATA_SIZE(config) (1 << (FIELD_GET(GENMASK(6, 4), config)))
#define ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_MEMORY_DATA_SIZE(config) (1 << (FIELD_GET(GENMASK(9, 7), config)))
#define ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_PRIORITY(config) (FIELD_GET(BIT(10), config))
#define DMA_CHANNEL_CONFIG(id, dir) \
DT_INST_DMAS_CELL_BY_NAME(id, dir, channel_config)
#define SPI_DMA_CHANNEL_INIT(index, dir, dir_cap, src_dev, dest_dev) \
.dma_dev = DEVICE_DT_GET(DT_INST_DMAS_CTLR_BY_NAME(index, dir)), \
.channel = \
DT_INST_DMAS_CELL_BY_NAME(index, dir, channel), \
.dma_cfg = { \
.dma_slot = \
DT_INST_DMAS_CELL_BY_NAME(index, dir, slot), \
.channel_direction = ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_DIRECTION( \
DMA_CHANNEL_CONFIG(index, dir)), \
.complete_callback_en = 0, \
.error_callback_dis = 0, \
.source_data_size = \
ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_##src_dev##_DATA_SIZE( \
DMA_CHANNEL_CONFIG(index, dir) \
), \
.dest_data_size = \
ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_##dest_dev##_DATA_SIZE( \
DMA_CHANNEL_CONFIG(index, dir) \
), \
.source_burst_length = 1, /* SINGLE transfer */ \
.dest_burst_length = 1, /* SINGLE transfer */ \
.channel_priority = ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_PRIORITY( \
DMA_CHANNEL_CONFIG(index, dir) \
), \
.source_chaining_en = DT_PROP(DT_INST_DMAS_CTLR_BY_NAME( \
index, dir), chain_transfer), \
.dest_chaining_en = DT_PROP(DT_INST_DMAS_CTLR_BY_NAME( \
index, dir), chain_transfer), \
}, \
.src_addr_increment = \
ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_##src_dev##_ADDR_INC( \
DMA_CHANNEL_CONFIG(index, dir) \
), \
.dst_addr_increment = \
ANDES_DMA_CONFIG_##dest_dev##_ADDR_INC( \
DMA_CHANNEL_CONFIG(index, dir) \
)
#define SPI_DMA_CHANNEL(id, dir, DIR, src, dest) \
.dma_##dir = { \
COND_CODE_1(DT_INST_DMAS_HAS_NAME(id, dir), \
(SPI_DMA_CHANNEL_INIT(id, dir, DIR, src, dest)), \
(NULL)) \
},
#else
#define SPI_DMA_CHANNEL(id, dir, DIR, src, dest)
#endif
#define SPI_BUSY_INIT .busy = false,
#if (CONFIG_XIP)
#define SPI_ROM_CFG_XIP(node_id) DT_SAME_NODE(node_id, DT_BUS(DT_CHOSEN(zephyr_flash)))
#else
#define SPI_ROM_CFG_XIP(node_id) false
#endif
#define SPI_INIT(n) \
static struct spi_atcspi200_data spi_atcspi200_dev_data_##n = { \
SPI_CONTEXT_INIT_LOCK(spi_atcspi200_dev_data_##n, ctx), \
SPI_CONTEXT_INIT_SYNC(spi_atcspi200_dev_data_##n, ctx), \
SPI_CONTEXT_CS_GPIOS_INITIALIZE(DT_DRV_INST(n), ctx) \
SPI_BUSY_INIT \
SPI_DMA_CHANNEL(n, rx, RX, PERIPHERAL, MEMORY) \
SPI_DMA_CHANNEL(n, tx, TX, MEMORY, PERIPHERAL) \
}; \
static void spi_atcspi200_cfg_##n(void); \
static struct spi_atcspi200_cfg spi_atcspi200_dev_cfg_##n = { \
.cfg_func = spi_atcspi200_cfg_##n, \
.base = DT_INST_REG_ADDR(n), \
.irq_num = DT_INST_IRQN(n), \
.f_sys = DT_INST_PROP(n, clock_frequency), \
.xip = SPI_ROM_CFG_XIP(DT_DRV_INST(n)), \
}; \
\
DEVICE_DT_INST_DEFINE(n, \
spi_atcspi200_init, \
NULL, \
&spi_atcspi200_dev_data_##n, \
&spi_atcspi200_dev_cfg_##n, \
POST_KERNEL, \
CONFIG_SPI_INIT_PRIORITY, \
&spi_atcspi200_api); \
\
static void spi_atcspi200_cfg_##n(void) \
{ \
IRQ_CONNECT(DT_INST_IRQN(n), \
DT_INST_IRQ(n, priority), \
spi_atcspi200_irq_handler, \
DEVICE_DT_INST_GET(n), \
0); \
};
DT_INST_FOREACH_STATUS_OKAY(SPI_INIT)
```
|
```go
package secretservice
import (
"strings"
"testing"
"github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers/credentials"
)
func TestSecretServiceHelper(t *testing.T) {
t.Skip("test requires gnome-keyring but travis CI doesn't have it")
creds := &credentials.Credentials{
ServerURL: "path_to_url",
Username: "foobar",
Secret: "foobarbaz",
}
helper := Secretservice{}
// Check how many docker credentials we have when starting the test
old_auths, err := helper.List()
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// If any docker credentials with the tests values we are providing, we
// remove them as they probably come from a previous failed test
for k, v := range old_auths {
if strings.Compare(k, creds.ServerURL) == 0 && strings.Compare(v, creds.Username) == 0 {
if err := helper.Delete(creds.ServerURL); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
}
}
// Check again how many docker credentials we have when starting the test
old_auths, err = helper.List()
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// Add new credentials
if err := helper.Add(creds); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// Verify that it is inside the secret service store
username, secret, err := helper.Get(creds.ServerURL)
if err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
if username != "foobar" {
t.Fatalf("expected %s, got %s\n", "foobar", username)
}
if secret != "foobarbaz" {
t.Fatalf("expected %s, got %s\n", "foobarbaz", secret)
}
// We should have one more credential than before adding
new_auths, err := helper.List()
if err != nil || (len(new_auths)-len(old_auths) != 1) {
t.Fatal(err)
}
old_auths = new_auths
// Deleting the credentials associated to current server url should succeed
if err := helper.Delete(creds.ServerURL); err != nil {
t.Fatal(err)
}
// We should have one less credential than before deleting
new_auths, err = helper.List()
if err != nil || (len(old_auths)-len(new_auths) != 1) {
t.Fatal(err)
}
}
func TestMissingCredentials(t *testing.T) {
t.Skip("test requires gnome-keyring but travis CI doesn't have it")
helper := Secretservice{}
_, _, err := helper.Get("path_to_url")
if !credentials.IsErrCredentialsNotFound(err) {
t.Fatalf("expected ErrCredentialsNotFound, got %v", err)
}
}
```
|
```smalltalk
"
TestDynamicVariable is a test class using in ProcessSpecificTest.
"
Class {
#name : 'TestDynamicVariable',
#superclass : 'DynamicVariable',
#category : 'Kernel-Tests-Processes',
#package : 'Kernel-Tests',
#tag : 'Processes'
}
```
|
```yaml
controller:
image:
repository: ingress-controller/controller
tag: 1.0.0-dev
digest: null
admissionWebhooks:
enabled: true
service:
type: ClusterIP
podSecurityPolicy:
enabled: true
```
|
George Gunton (September 8, 1845 – September 11, 1919) was an influential figure in the labor movement of the United States around the turn of the 20th century and was an avid supporter of industrial combinations and trusts. He was a close colleague of Ira Steward, and upon Steward's death in 1883 he agreed to complete and prepare for publication a book that Steward had been writing. Gunton found only notes, not a nearly complete book. Deciding the notes were not sufficient for editing, Gunton discarded them, instead building on the ideas of his colleague to formulate his own book on the labor movement, Wealth and Progress, which was published in 1887, followed by Principles of Social Economics in 1891. He founded a school, the Institute of Social Economics, in 1891, with the aim of educating the masses in the path of responsible citizenship.
Gunton was the editor of Gunton's Magazine, a goal-oriented publication, which drew many prominent thinkers of his time. An early supporter and adviser to Theodore Roosevelt, Gunton later became a vocal critic of the president, when the administration began attacking trusts, forming a Bureau of Corporations with full investigative powers in 1903. Though Gunton was accused in his life of being bought by big business, he genuinely believed, and made good argument to the fact, that well organized capital was vital to the protection of the rights of a well-organized labor force.
Philosophy
George Gunton was of a scientific mind and thus rooted his philosophy in the principle of evolution. He articulated the principle of evolution as the development from the simple and similar to the complex and heterogeneous. In other words, as a system develops, it becomes increasingly multifaceted and specialized.
Applying this view of progress to human society, Gunton distinguished three elements at play within this process – material, intellect, and morality. He saw the material factor as the most fundamental, initiating social development through human want and the exploitation of nature. Intellect is the guide of humanity, and morality is the result. For example, in the case of altruism, the moral codes against murder or theft are rooted in self-preservation, the gains to be had from being a member of a stable society outweighing the gains of the immediately selfish act. He believed that the development of egoistic wants stimulated man's intellect, which in turn differentiated, specialized, the field of morality and thus the conscious egoism and unconscious morality transforms into unconscious egoism and conscious morality. So ultimately, it is the development of man's desires that leads to the development of moral character.
Gunton saw the exploitation of nature as man's greatest power, and he saw no limit to the progress that could be made by its harnessing. In relation to matters of the labor movement, he saw this as the key to the mutual benefit of worker and employer. Gunton was an enthusiastic optimist, believing nature to be an unending wealth from which all could reap. All that was needed to augment the technological advances now bringing nature under man's domination was a balanced system of organized capital and organized labor.
In regards to the organization of capital, Gunton was a defender of trusts. He believed that industrial combination and consolidation was not only inevitable, but also necessary to the protection of the worker. He saw small business as an enemy of labor. In his time, it was small businesses that were participating in petty practices such as blacklisting and organizing in "employer's associations" to engage in anti-union activity. In his view, the greater the capital investment, the more the employer has at stake, and thus the more likely the employer is to respond to the needs and wants of his workforce, to avoid loss due to a stop in productivity. Gunton contended that popular protest to industrial concentration was due to a misunderstanding of competition, from viewing competition from the standpoint of the receding competitor. For example, in the industry of fabric and textiles, a hand loom will lose out to a small factory. This is not an eradication of competition, it is a raising of the competitive plane. So the development of concentrated capital with better machinery and better facilities does not eliminate competition, it makes such organization necessary in all industries.
Gunton was ready to admit that trusts were responsible for abuses, but maintained that abuses were not inseparable from principle – "as is always the case in social revolts, the genuine are arraigned with the spurious and all are put under the ban."
Institute of Social Economics
In 1885 Gunton began an annual lecture series in the church of Rev. Herber Newton in New York City, which he continued for six years. This series led to the opening of the Institute of Social Economics, which opened in 1891 at 126 East Twenty-Third Street in New York. The institute was established not as a classical university, but as a venue to spread Gunton's specific message and with the goal of training the general public in becoming wholesome, rational citizens who understand politics, the economy and the responsibilities of being a citizen. It began as a night school and Gunton himself gave a free lecture every Wednesday evening. Soon the institute expanded to a day school as well, which offered a one-year course. Subjects included accounting, penmanship, arithmetic, rhetoric, business correspondence, commercial law, social economics, English and American literature, civil government and principles of economics and practical statesmanship. Tuition was $150 per year and admission was open to both sexes.
By 1882, the institute had to move to 34 Union Square, a 6-story building that could accommodate the rapidly growing student body. It added a High school in 1894 and began offering classical studies as well, such as languages and law. The popular free Wednesday lectures continued, now with many guest speakers in addition to Gunton. In 1897 the institute moved yet again to a ten-story building at 41 Union Square. At this time, it was changed to the Gunton Institute and its vision changed greatly, now with the aim of educating the citizenry of all the United States. It became primarily a correspondence school. The home study plan offered a two-year curriculum, each year independent of the other. Gunton's weekly lecture was printed and mailed to students who had to complete required reading, including Gunton's Magazine, correspond with teachers regarding any questions, and complete a written theses at the end of each year.
By October 1900, the lectures began to be printed monthly instead of weekly, then semi-monthly, then irregular, until the last was published in December 1903. The list of men associated with the institute included the following: Thomas Brackett Reed; Dr. Charles DeGarmo, president of Swarthmore; Theodore Roosevelt; Dr. Edwin R. A. Seligman; Carroll D Wright, U.S. Commissioner of Labor; Henry Cabot Lodge; David Starr Jordan, president of Leland Stanford jr. University; G. Stanley Hall, president of Stanford University; Booker T. Washington; and Archbishop Ireland.
Gunton as an economist
There were three systems of economics recognized during those days. Gunton rejected Karl Marx, Henry George and the laissez-faire economics of Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, David Ricardo, and John Stuart Mill. He did this in his Principles of Economics Inductively Considered and Practically Applied, With Criticisms on Current Theories, Outlines of Social Economics, Wealth and Progress, and Economic Heresies of Henry George. Gunton was of the tradition of protectionism, otherwise known as the American System of Political Economy. Gunton followed in the footsteps of Alexander Hamilton, writer of the 1790 Report on Manufacturing, Mathew Carey, Friedrich List, Daniel Raymond, greatest American 19th-century economist and most prolific writer of his time, Henry Charles Carey, William Elder, author of Questions of the Day, and Conversations on Political Economy, Vanburen Denslow, and the American Protective Tariff League in rejecting the British System of Laissez faire, and also socialism. Gunton is cited in George Boughton Curtiss' The Industrial Development of Nations volume 2 and Protection and Prosperity.
Gunton rejected Malthus and Ricardo's theories on, rent, land, population. Marx and George adopted the rent theory, and also the wages fund theory of Ricardo. Smith's conception of scientist not being producers was rejected, as science played a crucial role in productivity for an economy, and that human beings were not capital. Human beings brought skill to the process of manufacturing and agriculture, this was fostered by developing his natural talents. Animals and other forms of capital do not have that.
Ricardo and Malthus saw profits only increasing by decreasing wages and insisting that energy density does not exist. Energy flux density decreases the cost of production by increasing quality of labor. This was first catalyzed in Henry Carey's Principles of Political Economy. Marx and George saw that laborers wages could only increase by decreasing the share the capitalist got thus also insisting that energy flux density does not exist. They also thought that the laborer created the profit by himself so rent had to be abolished. They also gave no credit to the industrialist.
Along with economists of the British school, Gunton refuted Darwin's survival of the fittest. He reasoned that natural selection would give way to inferior type of cultivating and breeding. Gunton was of the opinion that scientific selection attributed to creativity superseded natural selection. Unconscious selection did not create the type of horses that scientific selection did. Thus scientific selection could breed out inferior breeds of a particular horse, the variety of sheep we have today is not because they were gladiators same goes for cats and dogs. The seedless fruit or vegetable, the various types of oranges were not a product of laissez faire but of creativity.
Gunton's Magazine
Gunton's Magazine, also called The Social Economist, was unapologetically rooted in a specific ideology, it had a mission to disseminate correct ideas. It had the freedom to do this as it required little advertising through means of endowment. Though it was begun as an adjunct to the Institute of Social Economics, it soon became Gunton's primary activity. Though it was primarily a vehicle for Gunton's philosophy, it also included articles on other matters of contemporary interest such as "Women's opportunity for Social Service", "Colored Men as Cotton Manufacturers" ,"Do the Filipinos Desire American Rule?", and "Shall the Ballot be Given to Women?"
Many contributors to the magazine were well known and respected. Carroll D. Wright wrote an article almost every issue during the early years. Edwin R. A. Seligman contributed about half a dozen articles and Theodore Roosevelt wrote "The Need of a Navy" in the January 1898 issue.
Personal life
George Gunton was born in Chatteris, Cambridgeshire, England on September 8, 1845. He was the only son of Mathew Gunton, an English agricultural laborer. With no means for formal education, George Gunton still exhibited and avid interest in learning and read widely.
At age 17, he married Elizabeth Bocock, by whom he had 8 children. In 1874 he left his family in England for America, where he had secured work as a weaver in the cotton mills of Fall River, Massachusetts. He separated from his first wife in 1882, seven years after she and his family had joined him in Fall River. In 1884 he married Mrs. Amelia Whipple, who aided him in becoming established in New York City. Gunton divorced her some time before 1904 and on February 14, 1904, he married Mrs. Rebecca Douglas Lowe. Mrs. Lowe was the president of the General Federation of Women's clubs from 1901 to 1905 and was the widow of a prominent Georgian banker. In 1906 Mrs. Amelia Whipple Gunton sued Gunton to test the legality of their divorce, which she claimed he did not tell her about until some time later. She also sued Mrs. Lowe allegedly alienation the affections of Mr. Gunton. The rulings and findings of the suit were kept private.
George and Amelia Gunton lived in Hot Springs, Virginia until they separated in July 1915. Amelia was granted an uncontested divorce on the grounds of infidelity on November 21, 1916. George Gunton lived in obscurity in New York until his death at Bellevue Hospital on September 11, 1919.
References
Sources
Weary, Daniel C. "George Gunton, Advocate for Labor, Defender of Trusts, Social Darwinian" Harvard University. April 13, 1949
Gunotn, George. "Trusts and the Public"
Bailey, Thomas A. "A Diplomatic History of the American People" 1946
Beard, Mary R. "A Short History of the American Labor Movement" 1920
Cahill, Marion C."Shorter Hours, A Study of the Movement Since the Civil War" 1932
External links
George Gunton (1887), Wealth and Progress: a critical examination of the labor problem. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Available through Google Books.
Victor Yarros (1888), "Socialist Economics and the Labor Movement", a book review of Wealth and Progress appearing in Liberty
American trade unionists
1845 births
1919 deaths
American economists
American trade unionists of English descent
People from Hot Springs, Virginia
People from Cambridgeshire
English emigrants to the United States
People from Fall River, Massachusetts
|
```c++
// (See accompanying file LICENSE.md or copy at path_to_url
#include <boost/hana/assert.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/core/make.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/equal.hpp>
#include <boost/hana/tuple.hpp>
#include <string>
namespace hana = boost::hana;
int main() {
hana::tuple<int, char, double, std::string> ts{1, '2', 3.3, "abcd"};
BOOST_HANA_RUNTIME_CHECK(ts == hana::make_tuple(1, '2', 3.3, std::string{"abcd"}));
// std::string has no notion of tag, but it still works with make<>
std::string foo{"foo"};
BOOST_HANA_RUNTIME_CHECK(hana::make<std::string>("foo") == foo);
}
```
|
Tanya Maria Geritsidou (in Greek: Τάνυα Μαρία Γεριτσίδου) (born 1978) (nom de plume Tantz Aerine) is a Greek psychopedagogue, artist, author, publisher and activist. She invests in the cultivation of the humanitarian and philhellenic spirit through legal action of international range, literature and scripts, as well as art works.
Early life
Geritsidou was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada and grew up in Athens, Greece from age four. Her mother was Olga G. Yeritsidou. She raised her daughter with a strong sense of social responsibility and independence. Her mother emphasized the value of a sociopolitical identity as a means to self-actualization, and as a guarantee of valuing global heritage.
She has degrees in psychology and education. Her focus was on the effect of fear in awareness, critical thought and memory. She has contributed to the development of educational methods for overcoming learning difficulties and the development of intelligence and motivation.
She wrote language learning textbooks, grammar textbooks and composition textbooks. As a psychopedagogue, she has used art therapy and role playing as well as other methods of fear dissipation and confidence bolstering. She created award-winning theatrical plays and songs for children and adolescents. She designed a prototype composite class of non-similar children (in age and educational levels) and the method of introducing new learning objectives to it. Her goal was to prepare them for healthy inclusion in society and to cultivate the ability to adjust while developing intelligence and maturity, according to the principles of Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development (ZPD), along with the removal of inhibitions in intelligence developed initially by her mother.om
She owns Mindpower, a small press publishing house.
Works
Aside from her scholarly work, she has written fiction. She wrote the is fantasy trilogy The Art of Veiling, the novel Wood to Glass and several short stories and vignettes. She wrote scripts for short films and theatrical plays awarded for their innovative nature.
She is attempting to spread the modern Greek spirit, culture and history, including modern Greek history, especially the actions of the Greeks during WWII. Geritsidou creates webcomics and accompanying informative articles.
Activism
She learned to be an activist from her mother. She acquired basic knowledge on local and international law via self teaching, scientific research ouland life experience. She found that average citizens can file complaints with the International Criminal Court (ICC) when crimes are large scale and committed by a’ government. In October 2011, Geritsidou and her mother filed a complaint against the Papandreou government, reporting crimes against humanity and genocide, becoming the first Greek citizens and European non-ranked citizens to file against the Memorandum and related policies. This action was supported by the Greek people and the Greek Diaspora, but was rejected by political circles in Greece. As a result of this complaint, the ICC prosecutor opened a file for gathering evidence, stating that when the evidence is compelling, the ICC would intervene, validating the admissibility of this move. Two additional complaints were filed by other Greek citizens.
References
1978 births
Living people
Writers from Montreal
Greek women activists
21st-century Greek writers
Greek women writers
21st-century pseudonymous writers
Pseudonymous women writers
Writers from Athens
|
The Friendly Islands Teachers' Association (FITA) is the only trade union of teachers in Tonga. It is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation and Education International. The union is incorporated, but not registered.
References
Trade unions in Tonga
International Trade Union Confederation
Education trade unions
|
Karin Christiaan Ida Catharina Stevens (born 11 June 1989) and known since 2015 as Stevie Malagrida, is a Dutch football striker, who plays for DVC Eva's Tienen in the women's Belgian First Division (second tier). She has also played for the Dutch national team.
Club career
Her career started at amateur clubs Leonidas Wolder and later SC Jekerdal where she played amongst the boys teams. She began as an offensive midfielder able to play in any position in the front. When the Dutch women's professional league (Eredivisie Vrouwen) was established in 2007, she signed to play for FC Twente, however she was prevented from playing for the club due to regulations restricting the number of national team players per club, in order to play she moved to Willem II.
In her first season (2007–08) at Willem II, she scored 20 goals in 22 matches and was the club and league top scorer. In her second season (2008–09) she managed 10 goals in 12 matches as a shoulder injury sidelined her for five months of the season. She received offers to play for clubs abroad, Brøndby IF (Denmark) and LdB FC Malmö (Sweden) showed interest, but planning for a career after football she decided to decline the offers from abroad. The shoulder injury required a second operation and she missed almost the entire 2009–10, playing just 2 matches and scoring 1 goal.
She was making her comeback during the 2010–11 season and played 4 matches scoring 1 goal, when on 4 January 2011, she joined Lierse in the Belgian First Division. At the end of the season, on 4 August 2011, she decided to retire from football.
In May 2015, she agreed a contract with Ladies Genk and in August 2015 she made a comeback under a new name . She played 9 matches of the 2015–16 Belgian Super League season for Ladies Genk.
She moved from Genk to DVC Eva's Tienen ahead of the 2016–17 Super League season. She played 3 matches for Tienen that season.
International career
She made her debut for the Netherlands women's national football team under coach Vera Pauw on 31 August 2006, in a 4–0 World Cup qualifying defeat to England.
She played an important part in qualifying the Netherlands to the UEFA Women's Euro 2009 for the first time by scoring three of the Dutch four goals in the two legs 2009 Euro qualifying play-offs against Spain. She was selected for the Dutch team which reached the semifinals of the UEFA Women's Euro 2009, playing all of the Netherlands five matches in the tournament and scoring the second goal of the country debut match in major tournaments, against Ukraine. The semifinal match England was her 35th and last match for the national team, she scored 16 goals.
International goals
Scores and results list the Netherlands goal tally first.
References
21. twitter page : https://twitter.com/karinstevens111?s=21
1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Maastricht
Dutch women's footballers
Netherlands women's international footballers
Expatriate women's footballers in Belgium
Eredivisie (women) players
Willem II (women) players
Women's association football midfielders
Super League Vrouwenvoetbal players
Lierse SK (women) players
KRC Genk Ladies players
Dutch expatriate women's footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
|
```xml
declare interface IReactHierarchyViewWebPartStrings {
PropertyPaneDescription: string;
BasicGroupName: string;
DescriptionFieldLabel: string;
}
declare module 'ReactHierarchyViewWebPartStrings' {
const strings: IReactHierarchyViewWebPartStrings;
export = strings;
}
```
|
Pedro Alves may refer to:
Pedro Alves (footballer, born 1979), Portuguese football goalkeeper
Pedro Alves (footballer, born 1983), Portuguese football winger
Pedro Alves (footballer, born 1999), Brazilian football defender
Pepé Alves (born 1999), Angolan football defender
|
```smalltalk
/* ====================================================================
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for Additional information regarding copyright ownership.
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
==================================================================== */
using NUnit.Framework;
using TestCases.SS.UserModel;
namespace NPOI.XSSF.UserModel
{
/**
* @author Yegor Kozlov
*/
[TestFixture]
public class TestXSSFSheetAutosizeColumn : BaseTestSheetAutosizeColumn
{
public TestXSSFSheetAutosizeColumn():base(XSSFITestDataProvider.instance)
{
}
}
}
```
|
Aspergillus miraensis is a species of fungus in the genus Aspergillus. It is from the Nidulantes section. The species was first described in 2016. It has been isolated from roots of Polygonum macrophyllum var. stenophyllum, in Tibet, China. It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1.
Growth and morphology
A. miraensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates and Malt Extract Agar Oxoid® (MEAOX) plates. The growth morphology of the colonies can be seen in the pictures below.
References
miraensis
Fungi described in 2016
|
Rosalind Clair Gill (born 1963) is a British sociologist and feminist cultural theorist. She is currently Professor of Social and Cultural Analysis at City, University of London. Gill is author or editor of ten books, and numerous articles and chapters, and her work has been translated into Chinese, German, Portuguese, Spanish and Turkish.
Biography
Gill was born on 22 April 1963, the daughter of Janet and Michael Gill, whom she describes as left-wing and politically engaged parents. In an interview she says she grew up to be "a young, politically active, left-wing person" with a particular interest in "how culture, and ideology gets inside us and shapes us."
She received her doctorate, which was concerned with new racism and new sexism in British pop radio, in social psychology from the Discourse and Rhetoric Group (DARG), Loughborough University in 1991. In an interview, she has identified Michael Billig (her PhD supervisor) and Stuart Hall as major influences and, together with Christina Scharff, she dedicated the book New Femininities: Postfeminism, Neoliberalism and Subjectivity to Angela McRobbie. Gill’s work is interdisciplinary, and she has worked in departments of Psychology, Sociology, Media and Communications, and Gender Studies. Based mainly in London, she has held posts at Goldsmiths College, King’s College and the LSE, where she was the first tenured member of staff in the Gender Institute (1997-2007). She took up her position at City, University of London, in 2013.
Gill was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2023.
Research
Gill is known for her research interests in gender and sexuality, media and new technologies, the cultural and creative industries, and work and labour. Substantively her work has made major contributions to debates about postfeminism and neoliberalism; the persistence and dynamics of inequality; constructions of sex, sexuality and intimacy; and changing experiences of work in creative and academic fields. Her work is shaped by her interdisciplinary background, located between sociology, psychology, media and communications, and gender and sexuality studies. It is animated by psychosocial questions about power, inequality and the relationship between culture and subjectivity. She also has a long-standing interest in methodology and the research process, and has authored books and articles about discourse analysis, reflexivity, and secrets and silences in research.
Postfeminism
One of Gill's most significant theoretical contributions is her discussion of postfeminism, which she claims is "one of the most important and contested terms in the lexicon of feminist cultural analysis". She argues that though the term has been used by scholars for decades there is still "no agreement among scholars about what postfeminism means. The term is used variously and contradictorily to signal a theoretical position, a type of feminism after the Second Wave, or a regressive political stance".
In a highly cited article in European Journal of Cultural Studies (ECJS) in 2007, Gill argued that postfeminism should be thought of as a contemporary “sensibility”, shaped by neoliberalism and “by stark and continuing inequalities” related to gender race and class. Elements of this sensibility include:
An obsessive preoccupation with the body
The shift from women being portrayed as submissive, passive objects, to being portrayed as active, desiring sexual subjects
The preeminence of notions of choice, 'being oneself' and 'pleasing oneself'
A focus on self-surveillance and discipline
A makeover paradigm
The reassertion of sexual difference
Media messages that are characterised by irony and knowingness
This framing of postfeminism has been very influential, with well over 1000 academic citations. In 2017, in the 20th anniversary issue of EJCS, Gill was asked to reflect on the piece and developed her argument in three important directions: emphasising the significance of intersectional analyses of postfeminist culture; highlighting the “psychic life” of postfeminism; and setting out directions for considering the affective dimensions of postfeminism, organised around confidence, resilience, positive thinking and “inspiration”. In another significant intervention in the journal Feminist Media Studies in 2016 Gill explored the status of postfeminism in a moment characterised by both a resurgence of feminist activism and a heightened popular misogyny, and defended the continued relevance of the term to signify an object of critique.
New sexism and the dynamics of discrimination
Gill’s work has also made a contribution to debates about how discrimination changes. In her Ph.D. research on British broadcasting, she built on analyses of new racism, and documented new forms of sexism. The term was coined to speak to the way that patterns of discrimination were taking new forms in a cultural context marked by more egalitarian values. In later work she looked at other media environments that explicitly marked themselves as ‘cool, creative and egalitarian’ showing the novel forms that sexism took in such sites. In a 2014 article in Social Politics she developed the notion that in seemingly egalitarian workplaces inequality becomes “unspeakable” and perhaps even unintelligible. This work challenges debates centred on maternity as the primary reason for women’s underrepresentation in cultural and creative fields, and pointed to the need to explore the flexibility and dynamism of sexism as a set of practices.
Sex, "sexualisation" and intimacy
Gill has been a major contributor to debates about the alleged "sexualisation of culture", with a perspective she describes as “sex positive but anti-sexism”. She was one of the organisers of a significant ESRC seminar series titled Pornified? Complicating the debates about the sexualisation of culture. This brought together artists, academics, policymakers and activists on different sides of the “sexualisation wars” divide. Gill consistently argued for the need to dialogue across differences and to think critically about the cultural processes gathered under the heading “sexualisation” with greater attention to specificities of power and identity. In an article in Sexualities she called for intersectional complications, arguing there is no “one size fits all” kind of sexualisation that does not vary by gender, sexuality, race, class, age etc. Gill’s research has included a large-scale qualitative study of men’s experiences of a visual culture increasingly dominated by idealised representations of the male body. She has also looked critically at the commercial “Love Your Body” trend and the packaging of “sexy” images through tropes of empowerment.
In 2012, Rosalind Gill worked with Jessica Ringrose, Sonia Livingstone and Laura Harvey on and NSPCC-funded research project about “sexting”, focused on listening to young people’s experiences of mobile communications and image sharing. The research was published as a report, several articles, and was also used as the basis of a play titled Sket, written by Maya Sondhi, which premiered at London’s Park Theatre in 2016, directed by Prav MJ.
The representation of sex and sexuality remain key interests and Gill’s 2018 monograph, Mediated Intimacy, co-written with Meg-John Barker and Laura Harvey, argues that media are our biggest source of information about sex and relationships, and charts the representation of what is depicted as “normal”, and constructions of consent, desire, pleasure and work.
Work and labour
The experience of work in neoliberal societies represents another key focus for Gill. She has conducted extensive empirical research in “creative” occupations including broadcasting, advertising and web design. Her work has made important contributions to theorising both precariousness and inequality in these settings. Her co-edited collections Theorising Cultural Work (with Mark Banks and Stephanie Taylor) and Gender and Creative Labour (with Bridget Conor and Stephanie Taylor) pull together these arguments. Gill is also co-editor, with Ursula Huws, of Palgrave’s Dynamics of Virtual Work series, which came out of an EU COST grant of the same name. In 2008 Gill co-edited a special issue of Theory, Culture & Society about work in the cultural and creative industries, and was author of an influential article about immaterial labour and precarity.
Academic work is a further interest, exemplified by Gill’s much circulated essay "The Hidden Injuries of the Neoliberal University", and several subsequent articles. Gill’s contribution has been to move beyond programmatic accounts of the “corporate university” or “new public management” and to explore the lived experience of working cultures marked by increasing precariousness, time pressure, and audit.
Engagement and influence
Gill has received funding from and worked on projects commissioned by the Arts Council, the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), The British Academy (BA), The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), the European Commission and the United Nations (both UNESCO and the UNCSW).
Gill has also worked with a range of governmental, non-governmental and activist bodies. She serves on several editorial boards including Feminist Media Studies; Theory, Culture & Society; Communication, Culture and Critique; Feminism & Psychology; Psychology and Sexuality; Australian Feminist Studies; and International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics. Besides the contribution of her own research, Gill’s influence has also been felt through her teaching and extensive PhD supervision. Many former PhD students have gone on to have successful academic careers, including Dr Feyza Akinerdem, Dr Sara de Benedictis, Dr Simidele Dosekun, Dr Laura Favaro, Dr Roisin Ryan Flood, Dr Laura Harvey, Dr Tracey Jensen, Professor Elisabeth Kelan, Dr Jongmi Kim, Dr Rachel O’Neill, Dr Christina Scharff, and Dr Karen Throsby.
Work in progress
Gill is currently writing a book for Duke University press that develops her work with Shani Orgad on “The Confidence Cult”. She is also working on a critical collection for Palgrave interrogating “creative hubs”. This partly emerges from the AHRC award Creativeworks London. Finally, she is completing a monograph about postfeminism/gendered neoliberalism for Polity Press.
Additionally, she is developing research projects about academia, dating apps, and machine vision of the body. In an interview in Open Democracy she explains that the latter develops from work about beauty apps and surveillance.
Selected publications
Journal articles
Pdf.
Books
Gill, Rosalind; Orgad, Shani (2021). Confidence Culture. Durham, UK: Duke University Press. ISBN 9781478017608
Chapters in books
pdf version Gender Institute, London School of Economics.
See also
University College London
Feminist philosophy
Feminist theory
Gender studies
References
1963 births
Academics of Goldsmiths, University of London
Academics of King's College London
Academics of the London School of Economics
Academics of the Open University
Alumni of Loughborough University
Alumni of the University of Exeter
British feminists
British sociologists
British women sociologists
Fellows of the British Academy
Living people
Social psychologists
|
```java
package com.benny.openlauncher.fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.preference.Preference;
import com.benny.openlauncher.R;
import com.benny.openlauncher.activity.HomeActivity;
import com.benny.openlauncher.viewutil.DialogHelper;
import net.gsantner.opoc.util.ContextUtils;
public class SettingsAppearanceFragment extends SettingsBaseFragment {
@Override
public void onCreatePreferences(Bundle savedInstanceState, String rootKey) {
super.onCreatePreferences(savedInstanceState, rootKey);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.preferences_appearance);
}
@Override
public boolean onPreferenceTreeClick(Preference preference) {
HomeActivity homeActivity = HomeActivity._launcher;
int key = new ContextUtils(homeActivity).getResId(ContextUtils.ResType.STRING, preference.getKey());
switch (key) {
case R.string.pref_key__icon_pack:
DialogHelper.startPickIconPackIntent(getActivity());
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
```
|
Oliver Hoyt (July 24, 1823 – May 5, 1887) was a member of the Connecticut Senate from 1877 to 1881. He was President Pro Tempore of the Connecticut Senate from 1877 to 1879.
Early life
Hoyt was born in Stamford, Connecticut on July 24, 1823, the sixth child and son of Joseph Blachley Hoyt (1787–1854) and Mary Blachley Weed (1794–1854), who were married in 1813. His siblings included Joseph Blachley Hoyt (1813–1889), Lyman Hoyt (1815–1891), Mary Catharine Hoyt (1817-1877), William Hoyt (1819–1902), Harvey Hoyt (1821–1893), Sylvester Hoyt (1826–1847), Alvah Hoyt (1829–1853), Emily Maria Hoyt (b. 1831), and Mark Hoyt (1835–1896).
His maternal grandparents were Eliphalet Weed and Martha (née Hoyt) Weed. His paternal grandparents were Joseph Hoyt (1739–1799) and Sarah (née Weed) Hoyt (c. 17467–1830).
He was educated at the common schools in Stamford.
Career
In 1844, Oliver and his brother William formed the firm W. & O. Hoyt in New York City, later known as the "Hoyt Brothers." The firm was one of the best known leather merchants in the City.
In 1872, he was a presidential elector and cast his vote for Ulysses S. Grant. Hoyt was a trustee of a fund of $250,000 that had was raised by private subscription in 1881 for the benefit of Grant and his family, to insure the General an income for the remainder of his life.
From 1877 to 1881, Hoyt served three terms in the Connecticut Senate representing Connecticut's 12th Senate district as a Republican. From 1877 until 1879, he served as President Pro Tempore of the Senate. In 1878, he was chairman of the Joint Special Committee on Federal Relations.
He was a nominee for Governor of Connecticut.
Later career
After leaving the Senate, he returned to run the Hoyt leather merchant business, which his sons took over after his death. He served as Chairman of Wesleyan College.
Personal life
On October 19, 1852, Hoyt was married to Maria Corse (1830–1918), daughter of John Barney Corse of New York City. Together, they were the parents of eight children:
Edward Clark Hoyt (1853–1925), who married Cordelia Ida Bruggerhof (d. 1932), the daughter of Frederick Bruggerhof
Oliver Corse Hoyt (1856–1859), who died young.
Alice Maria Hoyt (1858–1860), who died young.
Theodore Rushmore Hoyt (1861–1923)
Nellie Elinor Hoyt (1864–1865), who died young.
George Seney Hoyt (1866–1931), who died unmarried.
Schuyler Colfax Hoyt (1870–1885)
Walter Stiles Hoyt (1873–1920)
Hoyt was injured when he was thrown from his carriage in Greenwich, Connecticut and broke his collar bone. Oliver Hoyt died at his home in Stamford in 1887. In his will, he left bequests to the Methodist Episcopal Church, Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church of New York, Cornell College, Iowa, and the Methodist Episcopal Hospital of Brooklyn, among others. He left $300,000 to his widow and the remainder of his estate was to be divided amongst his children.
Descendants
His grandson, Edward Kenneth Hoyt (1885-1938), who attended the Browning School in New York City and the Lawrenceville School and was a 1908 Yale graduate, who married Maria Augusta Daurer DeWust, the daughter of Francisco S. Daurer and Maria E. Kalhwoda, on June 5, 1926, in Paris.
References
External links
1823 births
1887 deaths
Republican Party Connecticut state senators
Leathermaking
Politicians from Stamford, Connecticut
Presidents pro tempore of the Connecticut Senate
1872 United States presidential electors
19th-century American politicians
|
Wynne Senior High School, known as Wynne High School, is a public secondary school for students in grades nine through twelve located in Wynne, Arkansas, United States. It is one of two public high schools in Cross County and the sole high school administered by the Wynne School District. It was destroyed by a tornado on March 31, 2023.
In addition to Wynne it also serves Parkin, since the former Parkin School District merged into the Wynne district on September 7, 2005.
Academics
Wynne High School is accredited by the Arkansas Department of Education (ADE) and has been accredited by AdvancED since 1927. The assumed course of study follows the Common Core curriculum developed by the ADE. Students complete regular (core and career focus) courses and exams and may select Advanced Placement (AP) coursework and exams that provide an opportunity for college credit.
Athletics
The Wynne High School mascot and athletic emblem is the Yellowjacket with the school colors of blue and gold.
The Wynne Yellowjackets participate in numerous interscholastic sports and events in the 5A-East Conference administered by the Arkansas Activities Association including: baseball, basketball (boys/girls), cheer, cross country (boys/girls), dance, football, golf (boys/girls), soccer (boys), softball, tennis (boys/girls), track (boys/girls), and volleyball.
The Yellowjackets football team are four-time state football champions by winning titles in 1950, 1986, 2001 and 2004. In 2013, the school retired the No. 34 jersey of NFL running back and Wynne alumnus DeAngelo Williams who ran for 2,204 yards and 34 touchdowns in 2001.
The Yellowjackets softball team are two-time state champions, picking up titles in 2009 and 2011. They were the state runner-up in 2010.
Notable alumni
Hugh Taylor (American football), former Yellowjacket & wide receiver for the Washington Redskins
DeAngelo Williams, running back for the Pittsburgh Steelers
2023 Wynne Tornado
On March 31, 2023, a tornado struck and heavily damaged the school and surrounding town.
References
External links
1902 establishments in Arkansas
Educational institutions established in 1902
Public high schools in Arkansas
Schools in Cross County, Arkansas
|
```javascript
/**
* @author Yosuke Ota
* See LICENSE file in root directory for full license.
*/
'use strict'
const BUILTIN_MODIFIERS = new Set(['lazy', 'number', 'trim'])
module.exports = {
supported: '>=3.0.0',
/** @param {RuleContext} context @returns {TemplateListener} */
createTemplateBodyVisitor(context) {
return {
/** @param {VDirectiveKey} node */
"VAttribute[directive=true] > VDirectiveKey[name.name='model'][modifiers.length>0]"(
node
) {
for (const modifier of node.modifiers) {
if (!BUILTIN_MODIFIERS.has(modifier.name)) {
context.report({
node: modifier,
messageId: 'forbiddenVModelCustomModifiers'
})
}
}
}
}
}
}
```
|
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var resolve = require( 'path' ).resolve;
var bench = require( '@stdlib/bench' );
var randu = require( '@stdlib/random/base/randu' );
var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
var pow = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/pow' );
var floor = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/floor' );
var sqrt = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/sqrt' );
var Float64Array = require( '@stdlib/array/float64' );
var dcopy = require( '@stdlib/blas/base/dcopy' );
var tryRequire = require( '@stdlib/utils/try-require' );
var pkg = require( './../package.json' ).name;
// VARIABLES //
var dsortins = tryRequire( resolve( __dirname, './../lib/ndarray.native.js' ) );
var opts = {
'skip': ( dsortins instanceof Error )
};
// FUNCTIONS //
/**
* Create a benchmark function.
*
* @private
* @param {PositiveInteger} iter - number of iterations
* @param {PositiveInteger} len - array length
* @returns {Function} benchmark function
*/
function createBenchmark( iter, len ) {
var tmp;
var x;
var i;
var j;
x = [];
for ( i = 0; i < iter; i++ ) {
tmp = new Float64Array( len );
for ( j = 0; j < len; j++ ) {
tmp[ j ] = randu() * j;
}
x.push( tmp );
}
return benchmark;
function benchmark( b ) {
var xc;
var y;
var i;
xc = x.slice();
for ( i = 0; i < iter; i++ ) {
xc[ i ] = dcopy( len, x[ i ], 1, new Float64Array( len ), 1 );
}
b.tic();
for ( i = 0; i < b.iterations; i++ ) {
y = dsortins( len, 1, xc[ i ], 1, 0 );
if ( isnan( y[ i%len ] ) ) {
b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
}
}
b.toc();
if ( isnan( y[ i%len ] ) ) {
b.fail( 'should not return NaN' );
}
b.pass( 'benchmark finished' );
b.end();
}
}
// MAIN //
function main() {
var bopts;
var iter;
var len;
var min;
var max;
var f;
var i;
// NOTE: parameters tuned according to worst case time complexity `O(n^2)`
iter = 1e6;
min = 1; // 10^min
max = 4; // 10^max
for ( i = min; i <= max; i++ ) {
len = pow( 10, i );
f = createBenchmark( iter, len );
bopts = {
'skip': opts.skip,
'iterations': iter
};
bench( pkg+'::native,mostly_sorted,random:ndarray:len='+len, bopts, f );
iter = floor( sqrt( iter ) );
}
}
main();
```
|
```smalltalk
using System;
using UIKit;
using Xamarin.Forms;
using Xamarin.Forms.ControlGallery.iOS;
using Xamarin.Forms.Controls.Issues;
using Xamarin.Forms.Platform.iOS;
[assembly: ExportRenderer(typeof(Bugzilla60122._60122Image), typeof(_60122ImageRenderer))]
namespace Xamarin.Forms.ControlGallery.iOS
{
public class _60122ImageRenderer : ImageRenderer
{
Bugzilla60122._60122Image _customControl;
protected override void OnElementChanged(ElementChangedEventArgs<Image> e)
{
base.OnElementChanged(e);
if (e.NewElement != null)
{
_customControl = e.NewElement as Bugzilla60122._60122Image;
if (e.OldElement == null)
{
UILongPressGestureRecognizer longp = new UILongPressGestureRecognizer(LongPress);
AddGestureRecognizer(longp);
}
}
}
public void LongPress()
{
_customControl?.HandleLongPress(_customControl, new EventArgs());
}
}
}
```
|
```c++
// or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
// distributed with this work for additional information
// regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// specific language governing permissions and limitations
#include "kudu/ranger/ranger_client.h"
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>
#include <ostream>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <gflags/gflags.h>
#include <glog/logging.h>
#include "kudu/common/table_util.h"
#include "kudu/gutil/macros.h"
#include "kudu/gutil/map-util.h"
#include "kudu/gutil/strings/join.h"
#include "kudu/gutil/strings/split.h"
#include "kudu/gutil/strings/substitute.h"
#include "kudu/ranger/ranger.pb.h"
#include "kudu/security/init.h"
#include "kudu/subprocess/server.h"
#include "kudu/util/env.h"
#include "kudu/util/flag_tags.h"
#include "kudu/util/flag_validators.h"
#include "kudu/util/metrics.h"
#include "kudu/util/net/net_util.h"
#include "kudu/util/path_util.h"
#include "kudu/util/scoped_cleanup.h"
#include "kudu/util/slice.h"
#include "kudu/util/status.h"
#include "kudu/util/string_case.h"
#include "kudu/util/subprocess.h"
DEFINE_string(ranger_config_path, "",
"Path to directory containing Ranger client configuration. "
"When set, Ranger integration is enabled, fine-grained access "
"control is enforced, and clients are issued authorization "
"tokens. In addition, both --ranger_java_path and --ranger_jar_path "
"flags need to be set properly for Ranger integration to work.");
DEFINE_string(ranger_java_path, "",
"Path where the Java binary was installed. If the value "
"isn't an absolute path (e.g. 'java'), it will be evaluated "
"using the Kudu user's PATH. If not specified, $JAVA_HOME/bin/java "
"is used. If $JAVA_HOME is not found, Kudu will attempt to "
"find 'java' in the Kudu user's PATH.");
DEFINE_string(ranger_java_extra_args, "",
"Extra JVM arguments to be passed to the Ranger subprocess.");
DEFINE_string(ranger_jar_path, "",
"Path to the JAR file containing the Ranger subprocess. If "
"not specified, the default JAR file path is expected to be "
"next to the master binary. It can be a colon-separated list of "
"JARs. If it is, the paths are not verified and passed straight to "
"Java.");
DEFINE_string(ranger_receiver_fifo_dir, "",
"Directory in which to create a fifo used to receive messages "
"from the Ranger subprocess. Existing fifos at this path will be "
"overwritten. If not specified, a fifo will be created in the "
"--ranger_config_path directory.");
TAG_FLAG(ranger_receiver_fifo_dir, advanced);
DEFINE_string(ranger_log_config_dir, "",
"Directory in which to look for a kudu-ranger-subprocess-log4j2.properties "
"file. If empty, will use the value of --log_dir. If such a file does not "
"exist, a properties file will be created to honor Kudu's logging "
"configurations.");
TAG_FLAG(ranger_log_config_dir, advanced);
TAG_FLAG(ranger_log_config_dir, evolving);
DEFINE_bool(ranger_overwrite_log_config, true,
"Whether to overwrite any existing logging configuration file, if found.");
TAG_FLAG(ranger_overwrite_log_config, advanced);
TAG_FLAG(ranger_overwrite_log_config, evolving);
DEFINE_string(ranger_log_level, "info",
"Log level to use in the Ranger Java subprocess. Supports \"all\", \"trace\", "
"\"debug\", \"info\", \"warn\", \"error\", \"fatal\", and \"off\"");
TAG_FLAG(ranger_log_level, advanced);
TAG_FLAG(ranger_log_level, evolving);
DEFINE_bool(ranger_logtostdout, false,
"Whether to have the Ranger subprocess log to stdout.");
TAG_FLAG(ranger_logtostdout, advanced);
TAG_FLAG(ranger_logtostdout, evolving);
DEFINE_bool(ranger_crash_master_on_subprocess_failure, true,
"Whether to crash the Master if the Ranger subprocess crashes.");
TAG_FLAG(ranger_crash_master_on_subprocess_failure, advanced);
DECLARE_int32(max_log_files);
DECLARE_uint32(max_log_size);
DECLARE_uint32(subprocess_max_message_size_bytes);
DECLARE_string(log_dir);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_subprocess_execution_time_ms,
"Ranger subprocess execution time (ms)",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMilliseconds,
"Duration of time in ms spent executing the Ranger subprocess request, excluding "
"time spent spent in the subprocess queues",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
60000LU, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_subprocess_inbound_queue_length,
"Ranger subprocess inbound queue length",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMessages,
"Number of request messages in the Ranger subprocess' inbound request queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
1000, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_subprocess_inbound_queue_time_ms,
"Ranger subprocess inbound queue time (ms)",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMilliseconds,
"Duration of time in ms spent in the Ranger subprocess' inbound request queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
60000LU, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_subprocess_outbound_queue_length,
"Ranger subprocess outbound queue length",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMessages,
"Number of request messages in the Ranger subprocess' outbound response queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
1000, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_subprocess_outbound_queue_time_ms,
"Ranger subprocess outbound queue time (ms)",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMilliseconds,
"Duration of time in ms spent in the Ranger subprocess' outbound response queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
60000LU, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_server_inbound_queue_size_bytes,
"Ranger server inbound queue size (bytes)",
kudu::MetricUnit::kBytes,
"Number of bytes in the inbound response queue of the Ranger server, recorded "
"at the time a new response is read from the pipe and added to the inbound queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
4 * 1024 * 1024, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_server_inbound_queue_time_ms,
"Ranger server inbound queue time (ms)",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMilliseconds,
"Duration of time in ms spent in the Ranger server's inbound response queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
60000LU, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_server_outbound_queue_size_bytes,
"Ranger server outbound queue size (bytes)",
kudu::MetricUnit::kBytes,
"Number of bytes in the outbound request queue of the Ranger server, recorded "
"at the time a new request is added to the outbound request queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
4 * 1024 * 1024, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_histogram(server, ranger_server_outbound_queue_time_ms,
"Ranger server outbound queue time (ms)",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMilliseconds,
"Duration of time in ms spent in the Ranger server's outbound request queue",
kudu::MetricLevel::kInfo,
60000LU, 1);
METRIC_DEFINE_counter(server, ranger_server_dropped_messages,
"Number of messages dropped by the subprocess server",
kudu::MetricUnit::kMessages,
"Number of responses that the Ranger client had sent, but the subprocess "
"server failed to receive because they were oversized, corrupted, etc.",
kudu::MetricLevel::kWarn);
DECLARE_string(keytab_file);
DECLARE_string(principal);
namespace kudu {
namespace ranger {
using kudu::security::GetKrb5ConfigFile;
using kudu::subprocess::SubprocessMetrics;
using kudu::subprocess::SubprocessServer;
using std::pair;
using std::string;
using std::unique_ptr;
using std::unordered_map;
using std::unordered_set;
using std::vector;
using strings::Substitute;
namespace {
const char* kDenyNonRangerTableTemplate = "Denying action on table with invalid name $0. "
"Use 'kudu table rename_table' to rename it to "
"a Ranger-compatible name.";
const char* kMainClass = "org.apache.kudu.subprocess.ranger.RangerSubprocessMain";
const char* kRangerClientLogFilename = "kudu-ranger-subprocess";
const char* kRangerClientPropertiesFilename = "kudu-ranger-subprocess-log4j2.properties";
// Returns the path to the JAR file containing the Ranger subprocess.
string RangerJarPath() {
if (FLAGS_ranger_jar_path.empty()) {
string exe;
CHECK_OK(Env::Default()->GetExecutablePath(&exe));
const string bin_dir = DirName(exe);
return JoinPathSegments(bin_dir, "kudu-subprocess.jar");
}
return FLAGS_ranger_jar_path;
}
// Returns the classpath to be used for the Ranger subprocess.
string JavaClasspath() {
DCHECK(!FLAGS_ranger_config_path.empty());
return Substitute("$0:$1", RangerJarPath(), FLAGS_ranger_config_path);
}
string RangerFifoBase() {
DCHECK(!FLAGS_ranger_config_path.empty());
const string& fifo_dir = FLAGS_ranger_receiver_fifo_dir.empty() ?
FLAGS_ranger_config_path : FLAGS_ranger_receiver_fifo_dir;
return JoinPathSegments(fifo_dir, "ranger_receiever_fifo");
}
string JavaPath() {
if (FLAGS_ranger_java_path.empty()) {
auto java_home = getenv("JAVA_HOME");
if (!java_home) {
return "java";
}
return JoinPathSegments(java_home, "bin/java");
}
return FLAGS_ranger_java_path;
}
bool ValidateLog4jLevel(const char* /*flagname*/, const string& value) {
static const vector<string> kLevels = {
"all",
"trace",
"debug",
"info",
"warn",
"error",
"fatal",
"off",
};
string vlower = value;
ToLowerCase(&vlower);
if (std::any_of(kLevels.begin(), kLevels.end(),
[&vlower] (const string& level) { return level == vlower; })) {
return true;
}
LOG(ERROR) << Substitute("expected one of {$0} but got $1",
JoinStrings(kLevels, ", "), value);
return false;
}
DEFINE_validator(ranger_log_level, &ValidateLog4jLevel);
Status GetOrCreateLog4j2PropertiesFile(Env* env, string* logging_properties_path) {
const string log_conf_dir = FLAGS_ranger_log_config_dir.empty() ?
FLAGS_log_dir : FLAGS_ranger_log_config_dir;
// It's generally expected that --log_dir has already been created elsewhere.
if (!FLAGS_ranger_log_config_dir.empty() && !env->FileExists(log_conf_dir)) {
RETURN_NOT_OK(env->CreateDir(log_conf_dir));
}
const string log4j2_properties_path = JoinPathSegments(log_conf_dir,
kRangerClientPropertiesFilename);
string file_state;
bool should_create_file = true;
if (env->FileExists(log4j2_properties_path)) {
if (FLAGS_ranger_overwrite_log_config) {
file_state = "overwritten";
} else {
file_state = "existing";
should_create_file = false;
}
} else {
file_state = "new";
}
if (should_create_file) {
// Write our new properties file to a tmp file first so other processes
// don't read a partial file (not expected, but just in case).
unique_ptr<WritableFile> tmp_file;
string tmp_path;
WritableFileOptions opts;
opts.is_sensitive = false;
RETURN_NOT_OK(env->NewTempWritableFile(opts,
Substitute("$0.XXXXXX", log4j2_properties_path),
&tmp_path, &tmp_file));
// If anything fails, clean up the tmp file.
auto tmp_deleter = MakeScopedCleanup([&] {
WARN_NOT_OK(env->DeleteFile(tmp_path),
Substitute("Couldn't clean up tmp file $0", tmp_path));
});
string exe;
RETURN_NOT_OK(env->GetExecutablePath(&exe));
const string program_name = BaseName(exe);
string hostname;
RETURN_NOT_OK(GetHostname(&hostname));
const string log_filename = Substitute("$0.$1", kRangerClientLogFilename, hostname);
RETURN_NOT_OK(tmp_file->Append(
subprocess::Log4j2Properties(program_name, FLAGS_log_dir, log_filename,
FLAGS_max_log_size, FLAGS_max_log_files,
FLAGS_ranger_log_level,
FLAGS_ranger_logtostdout)));
RETURN_NOT_OK(tmp_file->Sync());
RETURN_NOT_OK(tmp_file->Close());
// Now atomically swap in our file.
RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(env->RenameFile(tmp_path, log4j2_properties_path),
Substitute("Failed to rename tmp file $0 to $1", tmp_path, log4j2_properties_path));
tmp_deleter.cancel();
}
LOG(INFO) << Substitute("Using $0 properties file: $1",
file_state, log4j2_properties_path);
*logging_properties_path = log4j2_properties_path;
return Status::OK();
}
// Builds the arguments to start the Ranger subprocess with the given receiver
// fifo path and logging properties file. Specifically pass the principal and
// keytab file that the Ranger subprocess will log in with if Kerberos is
// enabled. 'args' has the final arguments. Returns 'OK' if arguments
// successfully created, error otherwise.
Status BuildArgv(const string& fifo_path, const string& log_properties_path,
vector<string>* argv) {
DCHECK(argv);
DCHECK(!FLAGS_ranger_config_path.empty());
// Pass the required arguments to run the Ranger subprocess.
vector<string> ret = {
JavaPath(),
Substitute("-Djava.security.krb5.conf=$0", GetKrb5ConfigFile()),
Substitute("-Dlog4j2.configurationFile=$0", log_properties_path),
};
if (!FLAGS_ranger_java_extra_args.empty()) {
vector<string> args = strings::Split(FLAGS_ranger_java_extra_args, " ", strings::SkipEmpty());
for (auto& arg : args) {
ret.emplace_back(std::move(arg));
}
}
ret.emplace_back("-cp");
ret.emplace_back(JavaClasspath());
ret.emplace_back(kMainClass);
// When Kerberos is enabled in Kudu, pass both Kudu principal and keytab file
// to the Ranger subprocess.
if (!FLAGS_keytab_file.empty()) {
string configured_principal;
RETURN_NOT_OK_PREPEND(security::GetConfiguredPrincipal(FLAGS_principal, &configured_principal),
"unable to get the configured principal from for the Ranger subprocess");
ret.emplace_back("-i");
ret.emplace_back(std::move(configured_principal));
ret.emplace_back("-k");
ret.emplace_back(FLAGS_keytab_file);
}
ret.emplace_back("-m");
ret.emplace_back(std::to_string(FLAGS_subprocess_max_message_size_bytes));
ret.emplace_back("-o");
ret.emplace_back(fifo_path);
*argv = std::move(ret);
return Status::OK();
}
} // anonymous namespace
bool ValidateRangerConfiguration() {
if (!FLAGS_ranger_config_path.empty()) {
// First, check the specified Java path.
const string java_path = JavaPath();
if (!Env::Default()->FileExists(java_path)) {
// Otherwise, since the specified path is not absolute, check if
// the Java binary is on the PATH.
string p;
Status s = Subprocess::Call({ "which", java_path }, "", &p);
if (!s.ok()) {
LOG(ERROR) << Substitute("--ranger_java_path has invalid java binary path: $0",
java_path);
return false;
}
}
const string ranger_jar_path = RangerJarPath();
// If the JAR path contains a colon, we skip verifying the paths and leave
// it to Java.
if (ranger_jar_path.find(':') == string::npos &&
!Env::Default()->FileExists(ranger_jar_path)) {
LOG(ERROR) << Substitute("--ranger_jar_path has invalid JAR file path: $0",
ranger_jar_path);
return false;
}
// If kerberos keytab file is not provided, ranger subprocess cannot start.
if (FLAGS_keytab_file.empty()) {
LOG(ERROR) << Substitute("--keytab_file is not set");
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
GROUP_FLAG_VALIDATOR(ranger_config_flags, ValidateRangerConfiguration);
#define CINIT(member, x) member = METRIC_##x.Instantiate(entity)
#define HISTINIT(member, x) member = METRIC_##x.Instantiate(entity)
RangerSubprocessMetrics::RangerSubprocessMetrics(const scoped_refptr<MetricEntity>& entity) {
HISTINIT(sp_inbound_queue_length, ranger_subprocess_inbound_queue_length);
HISTINIT(sp_inbound_queue_time_ms, ranger_subprocess_inbound_queue_time_ms);
HISTINIT(sp_outbound_queue_length, ranger_subprocess_outbound_queue_length);
HISTINIT(sp_outbound_queue_time_ms, ranger_subprocess_outbound_queue_time_ms);
HISTINIT(sp_execution_time_ms, ranger_subprocess_execution_time_ms);
HISTINIT(server_inbound_queue_size_bytes, ranger_server_inbound_queue_size_bytes);
HISTINIT(server_inbound_queue_time_ms, ranger_server_inbound_queue_time_ms);
HISTINIT(server_outbound_queue_size_bytes, ranger_server_outbound_queue_size_bytes);
HISTINIT(server_outbound_queue_time_ms, ranger_server_outbound_queue_time_ms);
CINIT(server_dropped_messages, ranger_server_dropped_messages);
}
#undef HISTINIT
#undef CINIT
RangerClient::RangerClient(Env* env, const scoped_refptr<MetricEntity>& metric_entity)
: env_(env), metric_entity_(metric_entity) {
DCHECK(metric_entity);
}
Status RangerClient::Start() {
VLOG(1) << "Initializing Ranger subprocess server";
string log_properties_path;
RETURN_NOT_OK(GetOrCreateLog4j2PropertiesFile(env_, &log_properties_path));
const string fifo_path = SubprocessServer::FifoPath(RangerFifoBase());
vector<string> argv;
RETURN_NOT_OK(BuildArgv(fifo_path, log_properties_path, &argv));
subprocess_.reset(new RangerSubprocess(env_, fifo_path, argv, metric_entity_,
"Ranger client subprocess",
FLAGS_ranger_crash_master_on_subprocess_failure));
return subprocess_->Start();
}
// TODO(abukor): refactor to avoid code duplication
Status RangerClient::AuthorizeAction(const string& user_name, const ActionPB& action,
const string& database, const string& table, bool is_owner,
bool requires_delegate_admin, bool* authorized,
Scope scope) {
DCHECK(subprocess_);
RangerRequestListPB req_list;
RangerResponseListPB resp_list;
req_list.set_user(user_name);
RangerRequestPB* req = req_list.add_requests();
req->set_action(action);
req->set_database(database);
req->set_requires_delegate_admin(requires_delegate_admin);
req->set_is_owner(is_owner);
// Only pass the table name if this is table level request.
if (scope == Scope::TABLE) {
req->set_table(table);
}
RETURN_NOT_OK(subprocess_->Execute(req_list, &resp_list));
CHECK_EQ(1, resp_list.responses_size());
*authorized = resp_list.responses().begin()->allowed();
return Status::OK();
}
Status RangerClient::AuthorizeActionMultipleColumns(const string& user_name, const ActionPB& action,
const string& database, const string& table,
bool is_owner,
unordered_set<string>* column_names) {
DCHECK(subprocess_);
DCHECK(!column_names->empty());
RangerRequestListPB req_list;
RangerResponseListPB resp_list;
req_list.set_user(user_name);
for (const auto& col : *column_names) {
auto req = req_list.add_requests();
req->set_action(action);
req->set_database(database);
req->set_table(table);
req->set_column(col);
req->set_is_owner(is_owner);
}
RETURN_NOT_OK(subprocess_->Execute(req_list, &resp_list));
DCHECK_EQ(column_names->size(), resp_list.responses_size());
unordered_set<string> allowed_columns;
for (auto i = 0; i < req_list.requests_size(); ++i) {
if (resp_list.responses(i).allowed()) {
EmplaceOrDie(&allowed_columns, req_list.requests(i).column());
}
}
*column_names = std::move(allowed_columns);
return Status::OK();
}
Status RangerClient::AuthorizeActionMultipleTables(const string& user_name, const ActionPB& action,
unordered_map<string, bool>* tables) {
DCHECK(subprocess_);
RangerRequestListPB req_list;
RangerResponseListPB resp_list;
req_list.set_user(user_name);
vector<pair<string, bool>> orig_table_names;
for (const auto& table : *tables) {
string db;
Slice tbl;
auto s = ParseRangerTableIdentifier(table.first, &db, &tbl);
if (PREDICT_TRUE(s.ok())) {
orig_table_names.emplace_back(table);
auto req = req_list.add_requests();
req->set_action(action);
req->set_database(db);
req->set_table(tbl.ToString());
req->set_is_owner(table.second);
} else {
LOG(WARNING) << Substitute(kDenyNonRangerTableTemplate, table.first);
}
}
RETURN_NOT_OK(subprocess_->Execute(req_list, &resp_list));
DCHECK_EQ(orig_table_names.size(), resp_list.responses_size());
unordered_map<string, bool> allowed_tables;
for (auto i = 0; i < orig_table_names.size(); ++i) {
if (resp_list.responses(i).allowed()) {
EmplaceOrDie(&allowed_tables, std::move(orig_table_names[i]));
}
}
*tables = std::move(allowed_tables);
return Status::OK();
}
Status RangerClient::AuthorizeActions(const string& user_name, const string& database,
const string& table, bool is_owner,
unordered_set<ActionPB, ActionHash>* actions,
Scope scope) {
DCHECK(subprocess_);
DCHECK(!actions->empty());
RangerRequestListPB req_list;
RangerResponseListPB resp_list;
req_list.set_user(user_name);
for (const auto& action : *actions) {
auto req = req_list.add_requests();
req->set_action(action);
req->set_database(database);
if (scope == Scope::TABLE) {
req->set_table(table);
req->set_is_owner(is_owner);
}
}
RETURN_NOT_OK(subprocess_->Execute(req_list, &resp_list));
DCHECK_EQ(actions->size(), resp_list.responses_size());
unordered_set<ActionPB, ActionHash> allowed_actions;
for (auto i = 0; i < req_list.requests_size(); ++i) {
if (resp_list.responses(i).allowed()) {
EmplaceOrDie(&allowed_actions, req_list.requests(i).action());
}
}
*actions = std::move(allowed_actions);
return Status::OK();
}
Status RangerClient::RefreshPolicies() {
DCHECK(subprocess_);
RangerRequestListPB req_list;
RangerResponseListPB resp_list;
req_list.mutable_control_request()->set_refresh_policies(true);
RETURN_NOT_OK(subprocess_->Execute(req_list, &resp_list));
if (PREDICT_TRUE(!resp_list.control_response().success())) {
string err = resp_list.control_response().error();
return Status::RemoteError(err);
}
return Status::OK();
}
} // namespace ranger
} // namespace kudu
```
|
Francesco Maugeri (Gela, 14 October 1898 – Turin, 8 September 1978) was an Italian admiral, head of the Servizio Informazioni Segrete during World War II and Chief of Staff of the Marina Militare between 1947 and 1948.
Biography
Maugeri entered the Livorno Naval Academy in November 1911 and graduated as ensign on October 14, 1915. He participated in the Great War with the 255th Seaplane Squadron, earning two Silver Medals of Military Valour and being promoted to lieutenant in 1918. In 1927 he was promoted to lieutenant commander, and from May 1929 to January 1931 he commanded the destroyer Giovanni Nicotera; in 1932 he was promoted to commander and assigned as staff officer to the command of the 1st Fleet, and later given command of the 7th Destroyer Squadron from 29 July 1935. From 30 September 1936 he taught naval art at the prestigious Military High School of the Army in Turin; in 1937 he was promoted to captain and given command of the heavy cruiser Pola from 16 September 1938 to 2 August 1939 and then of the light cruiser Giovanni delle Bande Nere from 3 August 1939 to 15 November 1940.
As commanding officer of Bande Nere, he participated in the battle of Punta Stilo and in the battle of Cape Spada in the summer of 1940. On 16 November 1940 he assumed command of the heavy cruiser Bolzano, participating in the battle of Cape Spartivento and in the battle of Cape Matapan. On 5 May 1941 he left command of Bolzano and was promoted to rear admiral, and on 24 May 1941 he was given command of Servizio Informazioni Segrete (SIS), the Italian Navy's intelligence service, a post he held for the following two and a half years. After Benito Mussolini's ousting and arrest on 25 July 1943, Maugeri escorted him to Ponza, where he was imprisoned till 7 August, and then again during his subsequent transfer to La Maddalena, where he was held until his final transfer to Campo Imperatore on 27 August. Maugeri would later recount his conversations with Mussolini in the book Mussolini mi ha detto (Mussolini told me), published in late 1944.
According to some sources, Maugeri was one of the main players in the negotiation for the surrender of Italy to the Allies during the summer of 1943, for the part concerning the fleet. After the Armistice of Cassibile, he remained in Rome even after the disbandment of Supermarina and the flight of his superiors; after the German occupation of the capital, he went into hiding and formed a clandestine intelligence network, comprising many of his SIS subordinates, which gathered information on German movements and passed them to the Allies. This continued until the liberation of Rome, on 4 June 1944.
In early 1945 Maugeri was promoted to vice admiral, and after the end of the war he was given command of the Northern Tyrrhenian Naval Department, with headquarters in La Spezia. He was later promoted to admiral and served as chief of staff of the Marina Militare from 1 January 1947 to 4 November 1948, replacing Admiral Raffaele de Courten. He also held the posts of commander-in-chief of the Southern Tyrrhenian Naval Department, of vice president of the Naval Section of the Superior Council of the Armed Forces and of military advisor at the Italian delegation to the NATO.
In 1948 Admiral Maugeri wrote in English the book From the ashes of disgrace, published in New York and never translated in Italy, recounting his experience during the war expressing sympathy for the Allies and aversion to the Axis cause. In the late 1970s he published in Italy his memoirs, Ricordi di un marinaio, largely based on his previous book but with some changes in the most controversial parts.
After the war, Maugeri became the target of a press campaign launched by neo-Fascist newspapers and writers, who accused him of having betrayed Italy during the war, secretly working for the Allies even before the Armistice of Cassibile. These accusations were based on some sentences contained in his book From the ashes of disgrace ("The winter of '42 -'43 found many of us, who hoped for a free Italy, faced with this harsh, bitter and painful truth: we would never be able to free ourselves from our chains, if the Axis had been victorious… The more one loved his country, the more he had to pray for its defeat on the battlefield... End the war, no matter how, at any cost") and on the fact that Maugeri had been awarded the Legion of Merit on July 4, 1948 for "services rendered to the United States government" ("for the exceptionally deserving conduct in the performance of superior services rendered to the United States government, as head of the naval intelligence service, as commander of the naval base of La Spezia and as chief of staff of the Italian navy during and after the Second World War"). The issue provoked several controversies with more or less explicit accusations about Maugeri's role. A parliamentary commission of inquiry and an internal commission of the Navy were ordered, headed by Randolfo Pacciardi (Minister of Defense from 1948 to 1953). The latter, while clearing Maugeri from the explicit accusation of treason, strongly criticized his behavior: "This serious shortcoming has caused the publication in the book of some sentences that have had the most deplorable repercussions in Italy and especially in the Navy".
This controversy costed Maugeri the post of Chief of Staff; he was transferred to the Naval Department of Naples. He filed lawsuits against his most vocal accusers, such as far-right journalist Filippo Nicolò Mancuso and neo-Fascist writer Antonino Trizzino; both were sentenced for defamation, although Trizzino appealed the sentence and was later absolved. Later historical research showed that documents provided by Trizzino and presented as evidence of Maugeri's treason during the trial had actually been fabricated. The citation for the Legion of Merit referred to services carried out by Maugeri after the Armistice of Cassibile, during Italy's co-belligerence with the Allies. The Military Prosecutor's Office declared that "no action is to be taken against Maugeri for lack of any evidence regarding the facts", and Admiral Luigi Sansonetti, who had been Deputy Chief of Staff during the war, testified that "Whenever the movement of naval forces was known to only a few senior officers including the SIS, it remained perfectly secret".
Having left active service in April 1955, Maugeri died in Turin on 8 September 1978.
References
1898 births
1978 deaths
Italian admirals
Italian military personnel of World War I
Italian military personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
|
Rami (born Rami Abdel-Hakeem Haikal on 12 September 1983) is a prominent musician in the Jordanian metal scene. He is well known for his distinct guitar work in the band Bilocate.
Biography
Rami was born on 12 September 1983 in Amman, Jordan. He grew up in Amman, Jordan. When Rami was young, he met with Saeb Abu Al-Ragheb. The two soon became friends and started playing music together. Sharing the same passion for the Guitar instrument they tried to build custom made guitars in the age of 15.
Rami joined several local Jordanian bands but with no recorded achievements, later in the summer of 2004 and while having a practice session with one of the local bands, he met Hani Al-Abbadi who was the Bassist of the Jordanian band Bilocate, 2 weeks later Ramzi Essayyed from Bilocate called Rami to set up for a meeting in which they have offered him to join the band as a guitarist.
At that time, BILOCATE was already in the middle of composing the album Dysphoria and as soon as Rami joined, he started contributing in the composing process.
Personal discography
Bilocate – Summoning the Bygones (2012) (Guitar/Pre-production)
Bilocate – Sudden Death Syndrome (2008) (Guitar/Pre-production)
Bilocate – Dysphoria (2005) (Guitar)
Bilocate – Dysphoria EP (2003) (Guitar)
As a guest musician
BOUQ – Guest guitar solo in the track Jormungander
As a session musician
Tyrant Throne – Live session guitarist
References
External links
BILOCATE Official Homepage – The famous Jordanian Dark Oriental metal band which Rami plays in as a guitarist.
Rami's Official artist page on Mayones guitars – Rami's Official artist page on Mayones guitars.
1983 births
Living people
People from Amman
Death metal musicians
Black metal musicians
|
```xml
/* eslint-disable no-var */
declare const Response: {
prototype: Response;
new (body?: BodyInit | null, init?: ResponseInit): Response;
/** [MDN Reference](path_to_url */
error(): Response;
/** [MDN Reference](path_to_url */
json(data: any, init?: ResponseInit): Response;
/** [MDN Reference](path_to_url */
redirect(url: string | URL, status?: number): Response;
};
declare global {
/** @deprecated */
var ExpoRequest: typeof Request;
/** @deprecated */
var ExpoResponse: typeof Response;
}
/** @deprecated */
export declare const ExpoRequest: {
new (input: URL | RequestInfo, init?: RequestInit | undefined): Request;
prototype: Request;
};
/** @deprecated */
export declare const ExpoResponse: {
new (input: URL | RequestInfo, init?: RequestInit | undefined): Request;
prototype: Request;
};
```
|
```xml
import { hasNext, noNext } from '../iterablehelpers.js';
import { of } from 'ix/iterable/index.js';
test('Iterable#of behavior', () => {
const res = of(1, 2, 3);
const it = res[Symbol.iterator]();
hasNext(it, 1);
hasNext(it, 2);
hasNext(it, 3);
noNext(it);
});
```
|
John "Anders" Bárány (born 13 July 1942) is a Swedish scientist working in the field of theoretical physics.
Career
Bárány became a doctor of philosophy in theoretical physics at Uppsala University in 1973 and later became university doctor at the same university. During the 1980s he worked at the Research Institute for Atomic Physics in Stockholm. Since parts of the institute was transferred to Stockholm University and renamed as the Manne Sieghbahn Laboratory, Bárány became a professor there.
Bárány has worked at the Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien. He was an editor at Physica Scripta between 1988 and 1996 and secretary for the Nobel committee in physics between 1989 and 2003. Bárány has been the chairman of the Kungliga Vetenskaps Societeten in Uppsala since 1994, and of the Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien since 2005. He was earlier the chairman of the Nobel Museum.
Bárány was given the honour of being the host of the radio show Sommar i P1 at Sveriges Radio P1 on 30 June 2014.
Bárány was yelled at by the presidium at the Vetenskapsakademien for revealing in Sveriges Radio as to why the announcement of the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2013 was delayed.
Personal life
Bárány is the son of Ernst Bárány and psychiatrist Margit Boman-Bárány, and the grandson of Nobel prize recipient Róbert Bárány. He is the father of Sigrid Bárány, who was winner of the cooking show Sveriges mästerkock, broadcast on TV4 in 2012.
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
Swedish Jews
20th-century Swedish physicists
Jewish physicists
Swedish people of Hungarian descent
People from Uppsala
Uppsala University alumni
Academic staff of Uppsala University
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala
|
Phyllis Randolph Frye is an Associate Judge for the Municipal Courts in the US city of Houston, Texas. Frye is the first openly transgender judge appointed in the world.
Biography
Phyllis Frye, born circa 1946, is a transgender woman. She was born in San Antonio, Texas.
In her younger years, she earned the rank of Eagle Scout, and was a member of the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps. Frye attended Texas A&M University where she graduated with a B.S. in Civil Engineering and an M.S. in Mechanical Engineering. While at Texas A&M, Frye was a member of the university's Corps of Cadets and belonged to the Texas A&M Singing Cadets.
Frye joined the United States Army and post graduation at Texas A&M she was stationed in West Germany as a lieutenant. Frye disclosed her struggles with her sexual identity to her Army superiors where they sent her back to the United States with an effort to be "cured". These efforts included drug therapy, hypnosis, and aversion therapy. When these attempts all failed her wife filed for divorce. She was honorably discharged from the Army in 1972 after being forced to resign.
After her discharge from the Army she hit a low point in her life and attempted suicide. She used this event to turn her life around. She began working as a civil engineer, became a born-again Christian, and also met her second wife, Trish.
Frye held a job at Texas A&M University, but was dismissed after rumors made their way to her department chairman. She and her wife moved to Pennsylvania for a short time and where she found a new job. In 1977 she was rejected from a government job due to her "disruptive influence in her community".
She transitioned in 1976 around the age of 30, electing some medical procedures and foregoing others. Around this time she also won the right to amend her birth certificate.
Fry earned an M.B.A. and J.D. from the University of Houston. She found herself felt completely isolated so she requested seating charts for all her classes and memorized her classmates' names and approached them individually. During her time at the University of Houston she joined the Christian Legal Society - but eventually got the group suspended for discrimination because they were secretly meeting to avoid letting her be involved. While at law school she underwent feminizing hormone therapy and electrolysis leaving her going through substantial physical changes.
After graduation, Frye could not find a firm that would hire her, so she sold Amway cleaning products and worked sporadically as an engineering consultant. She took an interest in criminal defense and became a recognizable fixture in the Harris County Courthouse.
Frye politically aligns as a Democrat and was active with the state Democrats, the League of Women Voters, and the local gay and lesbian caucus – where she developed a working relationship with Annise Parker. Parker and Frye had been friends for three decades, having met on a lesbian softball league. and Frye became the first transgender woman in Houston's lesbian softball league.
Frye became the country's first openly transgender judge - after being discriminated against heavily in both a private and public sphere ranging from people vandalizing her house to refusing her jobs.
Career
Frye presented at her first Creating Change conference (trans and bisexual caucuses combined meeting) in 1995.
A dispute arose over the version of the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA) proposed in the 104th Congress (1995–1996), which did not include protection for transgender people. The Human Rights Campaign (HRC), an LGBT advocacy group, drew particular criticism for its endorsement of the Act, which was seen as a betrayal by many in the transgender community. In February 1997 Frye organized a gathering of transgender people in Washington, D.C. where 20 people came to the offices of 46 senators of the 49 who voted for ENDA in 1996 to discuss the vote and advocate for expanding the protections to include the transgender community. Their efforts seemed moot.
By the 2000s Frye was representing more and more transgender clients in name-change and discrimination cases.
On November 17, 2010, Houston mayor Annise Parker appointed Frye as an Associate Judge for the City of Houston Municipal Courts. Her appointment was publicly opposed by the Houston Area Pastors Council and other local pastors, but Mayor Parker expressed admiration for Frye, citing the new judge's long experience as a trial attorney. The Houston City Council unanimously approved of her appointment. On April 28, 2013, Frye was presented with the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Transgender Foundation of America.
See also
List of first women lawyers and judges in the United States
List of LGBT jurists in the United States
References
External links
Phyllis Frye Collection (Digital Transgender Archive)
Living people
Texas A&M University alumni
LGBT appointed officials in the United States
LGBT judges
American LGBT lawyers
LGBT people from Texas
Texas lawyers
American transgender people
Transgender women
Transgender law in the United States
Transgender military personnel
1946 births
21st-century American judges
21st-century American women judges
21st-century American LGBT people
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American women lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American women lawyers
20th-century American LGBT people
|
```xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="path_to_url"
xmlns:tools="path_to_url"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="de.tu_darmstadt.seemoo.nexmon.gui.FakeAuthDialog"
android:orientation="vertical">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="BSSID: "
android:id="@+id/tv_bssid_ap" />
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall"
android:text="SSID:"
android:id="@+id/tv_ssid_ap"
android:layout_gravity="left|top" />
<Spinner
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/spinner_station_mac"
android:spinnerMode="dropdown"
android:contentDescription="test" />
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall"
android:text="Reassociation Timing:"
android:id="@+id/tv_reassoc_timing" />
<EditText
android:layout_width="67dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="number"
android:ems="10"
android:id="@+id/et_reassoc_timing"
android:text="0"
android:textAlignment="viewEnd" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall"
android:text="Keepalive Timing:"
android:id="@+id/tv_keepalive_timing" />
<EditText
android:layout_width="67dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="number"
android:ems="10"
android:id="@+id/et_keepalive_timing"
android:text="10" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall"
android:text="Packet Timing:"
android:id="@+id/tv_packet_timing" />
<EditText
android:layout_width="67dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:inputType="number"
android:ems="10"
android:id="@+id/et_packet_timing"
android:text="1" />
</LinearLayout>
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Start Attack"
android:id="@+id/btn_start_fakeauth"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />
</LinearLayout>
```
|
The Eckert number (Ec) is a dimensionless number used in continuum mechanics. It expresses the relationship between a flow's kinetic energy and the boundary layer enthalpy difference, and is used to characterize heat transfer dissipation. It is named after Ernst R. G. Eckert.
It is defined as
where
u is the local flow velocity of the continuum,
cp is the constant-pressure local specific heat of the continuum,
is the difference between wall temperature and local temperature.
References
Dimensionless numbers of fluid mechanics
Dimensionless numbers of thermodynamics
Continuum mechanics
|
Sorga Theevu (, lit. Heavenly Island) is a novel by Indian writer Sujatha published in the early 1970s. It was the first science fiction novel written by him, and one of the earliest science fiction works in Tamil language.
References
1970s science fiction novels
Tamil novels
1970 Indian novels
Indian science fiction novels
20th-century Indian novels
|
Tonight with Vincent Browne, (formerly Nightly News with Vincent Browne), was a news analysis, current affairs and politics programme which was broadcast on Ireland's TV3 from 2007 to July 2017. Its time on air coincided with the premierships of Brian Cowen and Enda Kenny, bookended by the conclusion of Bertie Ahern's premiership and the initial weeks of Leo Varadkar's. The Tonight Show, hosted by Ivan Yates (initially) and Matt Cooper, replaced it in mid-September 2017.
It was moderated by Vincent Browne — a journalist noted for his rather acerbic style, with The Guardian describing him as "Ireland's Jeremy Paxman".
Format
It was broadcast on Monday to Thursday nights, usually from 23:05 to 23:55, though it was occasionally extended during referendums and general elections. When Browne was absent, another person presents instead: this was typically one of Ger Colleran, Declan Ganley, Tom McGurk, Mary O'Rourke, Sam Smyth or Ivan Yates. When anyone other than Vincent Browne hosted the show, it was simply called Tonight. Each year, approaching the Christmas period, Browne gave out political awards to deserving recipients.
Tonight with Vincent Browne moved to TV3's Sony HD studio but vacated it for two weeks while RTÉ borrowed it to film School Around the Corner, hosted by Ray D'Arcy.
History
Tonight with Vincent Browne is noted for having coerced various experienced politicians, including Joan Burton and Conor Lenihan, into embarrassing meltdowns live on air. Burton asked Browne if he was "asking me a question or just trying to harangue me?" and then set about repeatedly interrupting Joe Higgins leading Browne to interject: "Joan, you get hyper-irritated when anyone harangues you so please don't harangue Joe", but to no avail as Burton continued to interrupt. When Conor Lenihan refused to resign over the Brian Cowen leadership vote, Lenihan stood up angrily, glared, pointed his finger at Browne and sneered, "It's easy for you to be cynical about people who go into public life and I really do resent the sneering insinuation that you're trying to put to me", with Browne responding, "Conor, you're not going to shout me down and you can take me full-on on this if you like" which is exactly what happened. Lenihan lost his seat dramatically in the general election the following February.
After airing an interview with Fianna Fáil politicians Charlie O'Connor and Darragh O'Brien, recorded outside Leinster House following the vote of confidence in then Taoiseach Brian Cowen, Browne popped up onscreen back in the studio and remarked: "God, it would do your head in, wouldn't it?".
Banking analyst Peter Mathews made a name for himself with regular appearances on the programme and was later elected to the Dáil.
In August 2012, Cian O'Connor gave his first television interview since winning a bronze medal at the London Olympics to stand-in presenter Tom McGurk, while lawyer Eddie Hayes was interviewed by Sam Smyth on the show the following week.
The programme was critical in informing the Irish public about the death of Savita Halappanavar as the news was breaking.
On the night of 28 May 2015, with Browne mysteriously absent and the programme instead moderated by Ger Colleran (editor of Independent News & Media's Irish Daily Star), Colleran read a statement from TV3 management asserting that no discussion about Independent TD Catherine Murphy's comments in the Dáil that day would be permitted following letters from billionaire businessman and INM controller Denis O'Brien's lawyers. O'Brien had earlier successfully applied for an injunction against RTÉ preventing the state broadcaster from airing a report on O'Brien was receiving, with the direct permission of former CEO of the Irish Bank Resolution Corporation (IBRC)—the former Anglo Irish Bank, a rate of approximately 1.25% when IBRC should have been charging 7.5%. This in turn led to outstanding sums of upwards of €500 million. O'Brien then wrote to special liquidator Kieran Wallace to demand that these same favourable terms that were granted him by way of verbal agreement be continued. The Irish government later appointed Kieran Wallace to conduct an investigation into these same dealings. Wallace then colluded with IBRC and Denis O'Brien to seek an injunction in Ireland's High Court to hide this information from the public. High court Judge Donald Binchy granted O'Brien the injunction and told the court that certain elements of the judgement would have to be redacted. The Irish media therefore could not report on details of the injunction. When Independent TD Catherine Murphy managed to successfully raise this in the Dáil on 28 May 2015, lawyers acting for O'Brien immediately forced the country's media to censor its own coverage. Foreign commentators covering these events for the international media suggested Irish democracy had been "wiped away at a stroke". Some enterprising citizens received a positive response by printing Catherine Murphy's speech from foreign media coverage and handing copies to passers-by on the streets of the nation's towns and cities in an attempt to inform those relying on state media.
On Monday 27 July 2015, Tonight with Vincent Browne was temporarily replaced with The Late Review during the summer recess. Browne's programme returned that September.
Frequently absent with illness and exhaustion brought on by a tour of the nation with The People's Debate, (and substituted by such names as Ivan Yates and Matt Cooper), on 3 May 2016 Browne returned to the chair after a break that overlapped with the 2016 general election. Listening to Damien English speak well of his party, Fine Gael, on their stance over water, Browne declared "fucking amazing" that "the fella who made a real cock-up" (former environment minister Phil Hogan) had been promoted to the European Commission. Browne immediately explained his indiscretion as follows: "I'm sorry, I've been off for a few weeks". Media hailed it as a moment of "Classic Vincent!".
Brown presented his last show on the 27 July 2017, when Leo Varadkar (who had recently become Taoiseach) was a guest.
Contributors
While politicians often feature, other contributors have included:
Robert Ballagh
Peter Brown
Mick Clifford
Eoghan Corry
Siobhan Creaton
Eamon Delaney
Robert Fisk
Constantin Gurdgiev
Justine McCarthy
Paul Anthony McDermott
Patsy McGarry
Julien Mercille
Senan Molony
Eoin Ó Murchú
Jim Power
Kathy Sheridan
Noel Whelan (Fianna Fáil adviser, though here in the role of political analyst)
Past contributors at the time of the programme's conclusion included:
Sarah Carey
Derek Davis
Cassie Stokes
Ratings
Despite airing on what is usually considered a graveyard slot, the show has been highly successful with on average 166,000 viewers. However, when TV3 temporarily replaced Tonight with Vincent Browne with UK celebrity reality show I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! in November 2011, its RTÉ rival The Frontline gained nearly 70,000 viewers.
References
External links
Tonight with Vincent Browne on the TV3 website
#VinB on Twitter
O'Mahony, Andy. 'I was a slow convert to Vincent Browne's style of broadcasting', The Irish Times, 24 November 2016
2007 Irish television series debuts
2000s in Irish politics
2010s in Irish politics
2010s Irish television series
Irish television news shows
Virgin Media Television (Ireland) original programming
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Doddavaram is located in the Maddipadu Mandal of Prakasam District in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is said that this village was known as Veera Narasimha Puri Agraharam during the reign of Addanki rulers.
See also
Tellapadu
References
Villages in Prakasam district
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```xml
<clickhouse>
<storage_configuration>
<disks>
<s3_plain_native_copy>
<type>s3_plain</type>
<endpoint>path_to_url
<access_key_id>clickhouse</access_key_id>
<secret_access_key>clickhouse</secret_access_key>
<s3_allow_native_copy>true</s3_allow_native_copy>
</s3_plain_native_copy>
<s3_plain_another>
<type>s3_plain</type>
<endpoint>path_to_url
<access_key_id>clickhouse</access_key_id>
<secret_access_key>clickhouse</secret_access_key>
<s3_allow_native_copy>true</s3_allow_native_copy>
</s3_plain_another>
<s3_plain_no_native_copy>
<type>s3_plain</type>
<endpoint>path_to_url
<access_key_id>clickhouse</access_key_id>
<secret_access_key>clickhouse</secret_access_key>
<s3_allow_native_copy>false</s3_allow_native_copy>
</s3_plain_no_native_copy>
</disks>
</storage_configuration>
</clickhouse>
```
|
CFVM-FM is a French-language Canadian radio station located in Amqui, Quebec.
Owned and operated by Bell Media, it broadcasts on 99.9 MHz with an effective radiated power of 23,800 watts (class C1) using an omnidirectional antenna.
Previously a station with an oldies format from "Boom" from 2005 to February 2009, the station has now an adult contemporary format and is part of the "Rouge FM" network which operates across Quebec and Eastern Ontario.
Originally known as CFVM when it was on 1220 kHz, the station moved to FM in April 2003 after 23 years on AM. The new FM signal also replaced CFVM-1, a short-lived relay in nearby Causapscal which was operational from 1997 to 2003 on 1450 kHz; that facility was previously used by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as a relay of what was then CBGA 1250, and is now CBGA-FM 102.1, in Matane.
On August 18, 2011, at 4:00 p.m. EDT, all "RockDétente" stations, including CFVM, rebranded as Rouge FM. The last song under "RockDétente" was "Pour que tu m'aimes encore" by Celine Dion, followed by a tribute of the branding. The first song under "Rouge" was "I Gotta Feeling" by Black Eyed Peas.
References
External links
99,9 Rouge
Fvm
Fvm
Fvm
Fvm
Matane
Radio stations established in 1980
1980 establishments in Quebec
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The 2005 Tommy Murphy Cup was the 2nd staging of the Tommy Murphy Cup, the Gaelic Athletic Association's secondary inter-county Gaelic football tournament. The draw for the preliminary round fixtures took place on 9 July 2005. The championship began on 16 July 2005 and ended on 4 September 2005.
Clare were the defending champions but they did not enter the championship.
On 4 September 2005, Tipperary won the championship following a 3-10 to 0-15 defeat of Wexford in the final. This was their first Tommy Murphy Cup title.
Wexford's Mattie Forde was the championship's top scorer with 2-14.
Teams
Summaries
Withdrawals
In July Carlow manager Liam Hayes was forced to pull his side out of the championship due to the unavailability of the majority of his first-choice squad. Hayes made the decision as 12 of his panel were injured and four dual players decided to line out for the Carlow hurlers.
In August the Antrim County Board took the decision to withdraw from the championship due to a full club hurling fixture list, injuries and players on holidays.
Preliminary round
Matches
Quarter-finals
Matches
Semi-finals
Matches
Final
Stadia and locations
Statistics
Top scorers
Overall
Single game
Miscellaneous
Tipperary win their first championship in 10 years, last winning the 1995 All-Ireland Senior B Football Championship
See also
2005 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
References
Tommy Murphy Cup
Tommy Murphy Cup
|
```javascript
Don't assume that HTML script tags are always run sequentially
Modify a website's URL
Battery API
Window.sessionStorage
Drag and Drop API
```
|
The Content Protection Status Report is the title of a series of three documents submitted to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary during 2002 by the Motion Picture Association of America. (The Senate Judiciary Committee has jurisdiction over, and regularly holds hearings related to, U.S. copyright law.) In these documents, the MPAA discusses its progress in devising, and getting technology firms to adopt, digital rights management and recording controls for consumer technology products.
The Status Report also proposes, in general terms, legislation related to three areas of concern to the MPAA in 2002:
The ATSC broadcast flag
The analog hole
Peer-to-peer file sharing
The original documents remain available from the Senate Judiciary Committee's web site:
http://judiciary.senate.gov/special/content_protection.pdf Content Protection Status Report
https://web.archive.org/web/20050903004220/http://judiciary.senate.gov/special/mpaa_june.pdf Content Protection Status Report II
https://web.archive.org/web/20050527202214/http://judiciary.senate.gov/special/mpaa110702.pdf Content Protection Status Report III
Reports of the United States government
United States copyright law
|
Rosario Salvatore Aitala is an Italian judge and prosecutor specialising in criminal law. Aitala was elected as a judge of the International Criminal Court in 2017, for a mandate from 11 March 2018 to 10 March 2027.
Youth and childhood
Aitala was born in Catania in Italy on .
Early career
Prior to becoming a judge, Aitala was a police officer.
Judge and prosecutor
Aitala has been a judge and a prosecutor in Milan, Trapani and Rome for three decades, specialising in criminal law cases involving the Mafia, terrorism, corruption and international crime including terrorism.
International Criminal Court judge
On 6 or 8 December 2017, Aitala was elected as a judge of the International Criminal Court (ICC), with 84 votes in favour by states party to the Rome Statute. His term as an ICC judge is from 11 March 2018 to 10 March 2027. In March 2023, Russia initiated a criminal investigation against Aitala, Tomoko Akane and Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godinez in response of an arrest warrant against its president Vladimir Putin for the unlawful deportations of Ukrainian children to Russia during the Russian-Ukrainian war.
Aitala was a judge of Pre-trial Chamber II during 2018–2021.
Government and international advisor
Aitala has been an advisor to Italian foreign ministers and the president of the Italian Senate. In European Union (EU) roles, Aitala has been Coordinator of the Cocaine Route Monitoring and Support Programme of the European Union, and an advisor for EU assistance missions for justice and monitoring money laundering and economic crime.
Academic career
Aitala has carried out research and teaching in criminal law, geopolitics and international relations at LUISS Guido Carli, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (2006–2014), and University of Rome Tor Vergata.
References
International Criminal Court judges
Living people
Italian judges
Year of birth missing (living people)
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The Amritsar–Pathankot line is a railway line connecting and both in the Indian state of Punjab. The line is under the administrative jurisdiction of Northern Railway.
History
The -long -wide broad gauge Amritsar–Pathankot line was opened in 1884. It originally belonged to the local government and was transferred to North Western Railway in 1892. The Amritsar–Dera Baba Nanak branch line serves the western part of Batala tehsil. Prior to the partition of India in 1947, this line was long and was linked to Sialkot (now in Pakistan), but after partition Dera Baba Nanak became the terminus. The Batala–Qadian link serves the eastern part of Batala tehsil. The long Amritsar–Sialkot line ran thus: Amritsar–Dera Baba Nanak–Narowal–Sialkot, crossing the long Ravi River Bridge.
As of 2013, the Lahore–Narowal–Sialkot railway line passes near the India–Pakistan border through the western outskirts of Narowal, just opposite Dera Baba Nanak, before turning north-westwards to Pasrur and Sialkot.
During the 2015 Gurdaspur attack, disaster was averted on this line as a railway lineman, Ashwani Saini, noticed a bomb on the track and alerted the authorities before the next train arrived. He also ran down the line waving a red flag to alert the driver of the next train to stop. The train that was due to traverse this track, with more than 270 people on board, stopped only a hundred yards from the bomb.
Importance
This line is strategically very important. It connects three border districts of Punjab with each other namely Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot. This lines provides a diversion or substitute route to Jalandhar–Jammu line. Whenever this track gets interrupted either due to any protest or a technical/mechanical work, then most of the trains get diverted via Amritsar–Gurdaspur to Pathankot and further to Jammu and vice versa. This line can also play a strategic role and help military movement in war conditions. The important stations on this line are Amritsar, Batala, Gurdaspur & Pathankot. Other landmark stoppages are Verka, Dhariwal and Dinanagar.
Railway workshop
Amritsar railway workshop carries out periodic overhaul of WDS-4 locos and breakdown cranes and bogie manufacture.
Passenger movement
is the only station on this line which is amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.
Railway reorganisation
Sind Railway (later reorganised as Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway) was formed a guaranteed railway in 1856. It constructed broad-gauge railways from Delhi to Multan via Lahore, and from Karachi to Kotri. Multan and Kotri were connected by ferry service on the Indus River. In 1871–72, Indus Valley Railway was formed to connect Multan and Kotri. At the same time, Punjab Northern State Railway started constructing from Lahore towards Peshawar. In 1886, Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway was acquired by the state and amalgamated with Indus Valley Railway and Punjab Northern State Railway to form North Western State Railway.
With the partition of India in 1947, North Western Railway was split. While the western portion became Pakistan West Railway, and later Pakistan Railways, the eastern part became Eastern Punjab Railway. In 1952, Northern Railway was formed with a portion of East Indian Railway Company west of Mughalsarai, Jodhpur Railway, Bikaner Railway and Eastern Punjab Railway.
References
External links
Trains at Amritsar
Trains at Pathankot Junction
Amritsar-Dera Baba Nanak DMU time table
5 ft 6 in gauge railways in India
Rail transport in Punjab, India
Railway lines opened in 1884
Transport in Pathankot
Transport in Amritsar
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The Opportunities Party (usually referred to as TOP) is a centrist political party in New Zealand. It was founded in 2016 by economist and philanthropist Gareth Morgan and is currently led by Raf Manji. The party is based on the idea of evidence-based policy, with some policies including achieving a “fair tax system” by implementing a "tax switch" (including a tax-free threshold of $15,000) and implementing the "Teal Card" for young people, as well as specific investments for the city of Christchurch.
The party received 2.4% of the party vote in the 2017 general election, after which Morgan resigned from the leadership. It received 1.5% of the party vote in the 2020 general election, and on preliminary results has received 2.1% of the party vote in the 2023 general election. The party won an elected office for the first time in the 2022 New Zealand local elections, with one member elected to the Featherston Community Board in the South Wairarapa District.
Policies and principles
For the 2023 New Zealand general election, the party's policies included:
Fiscal policy
Phase 1 (2023–2026)
Restructure income tax to include a tax-free threshold on income up to $15,000, a 20% tax rate for income between $15,000 and $80,000, a 35% rate for income between $80,000 and $180,000, a 42% rate on income between $180,000 and $250,000, and a 45% rate for income beyond $250,000.
Introduce a land value tax (LVT) of 0.75% on urban residential land (excluding rural, conservation and Māori land) while offering to superannuants to defer payment until a change in ownership of their property. This tax is designed to decrease land speculation, offset the cuts in income tax, and shift the burden of taxation from productive work to land ownership.
Remove unfair constraints on benefits, such as relationship status determining benefit allowances.
Increase income support for people with disabilities by $400 million and streamline the process of accessing that support.
Cancel debt owed to the Ministry of Social Development.
Extend the In-Work Tax Credit to all children of low-income families ($500 million).
Phase 2 (2026 onwards)
Replace the Jobseeker Support with a universal basic income (UBI) of $16,500 per year for all adults between the ages of 18 and 65; and to the parents of children under 18, an additional UBI of $2,340.
Simplify the personal, company, and trust income tax rates to a single 35% flat tax rate.
Increase the land value tax rate to 1.25%.
Housing policy
Remove the current Bright Line Test and allow tax deductibility of interest for landlords, which is replaced by the land value tax.
Require a deposit of 100% of the value of an existing home when purchased for investment purposes.
Return the GST on new residential builds back to the local councils to fund further infrastructure development.
Establish a $3 billion development fund for Community Housing Associations with the goal of clearing the public housing waiting list within its first 3 years of operation.
Support more urban densification for central cities and transit nodes. Councils will be required to demonstrate that they have enough land zoned for new residential housing in line with the NPS-UD and MDRS.
Climate and Environment policy
Support the shift to public transport, e-bikes and electric vehicles through targeted subsidies, more affordable fares and long-term investment.
Support a rapid introduction of the National Adaptation Plan.
Support the preservation of local ecosystems.
Support farming initiatives such as planting riverbanks and erosion-prone land.
Teal Card policy
The Teal Card is aimed towards New Zealand Citizens and Residents under 30.
Fully-funded public transport.
Fully-funded healthcare.
Universal Savings Boost which is paired with a National Civic Service programme.
Public Services policy
The Party introduced its first batch of Public Service policies for the 2023 General Election, starting with Health on 16 August 2023.
Health
Strengthen workforce retention of all healthcare workers by ensuring they have fair liveable wages and safer hour rosters.
Increase placements at medical, nursing and dentistry schools.
Introduce an accelerated post-graduate medical programme for people who have completed clinical or science degrees.
Support increased funding to the voluntary bonding scheme for nurses, midwives, doctors and all allied health workers.
Support a fully funded ambulance service.
Fully fund contraception (including long-acting reversible contraception).
Fully fund antenatal ultrasounds (and associated GP visits), alongside more support for maternity services.
Review funding model for primary care to empower more GP practices to provide fully funded care in the community (e.g. cervical screening and minor skin surgery).
Support Te Whatu Ora to provide public GP practices in under-served rural areas that do not currently have a primary care provider.
Law and Order
Provide funding for a national rollout of the specialist Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Court which has been successful in reducing reoffending.
Introduce a new offence for ‘stalking’ to provide clearer guidance for police investigating criminal harassment.
Provide better support to victims, particularly for violent offending, through specialist counselling and financial assistance, as well as greater influence in name suppression decisions.
Improve access to legal aid by increasing income thresholds and removing relationship status requirements as well as increase funding for the public defence service.
Respond to increasing cybercrime threats through improved regulation, data management, enforcement and response.
Legalise, regulate and tax the sale and supply of cannabis, by incorporating it into the Sale and Supply of Alcohol Act 2012, and remove cannabis from the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975.
Introduce a Community Constable Trial in Christchurch as part of raising community visibility of the Police.
Economy policy
The Party introduced its first batch of Economy policies for the 2023 General Election, starting with Immigration on 20 August 2023.
Immigration
TOP is wanting to implement a Teal Visa which is aimed harness high net worth individuals who want to invest and live in New Zealand, using their investment to create a new Climate Resettlement Programme.
TOP Wants to:
Review the Accredited Employer Visa Scheme with a view to including more checks and balances to stamp out cases of migrant worker exploitation.
Reduce the salary bands for Skilled Work visas, which many businesses, including our growing tech sector, say are too high.
Introduce a new Regional Talent Visa to let regions recruit directly on behalf of local companies and sectors, easing the pressure on Auckland and attracting much-needed talent into our regions.
Democracy and Governance
TOP released their Democracy and Governance policies on the 6th of September 2023.
Some of their policies are:
Electoral Reform
Lower the MMP Threshold to 3.5% (as recommended by the Independent Electoral Review).
Introduce caps on political donations.
Strengthen our MMP system through civics education in schools, with a view to lowering the voting age to 16.
Shift to a 4 year Parliamentary Term.
Introduce more systematically innovative democratic techniques for consultation – both digital and participatory.
Parliamentary Reform
Introduce an Anti-Corruption Commission.
Tighten regulation and transparency of lobbyists.
Upgrade the Select Committee system to improve performance.
Appoint a Future Generations Commissioner.
Reduce the number of sitting weeks for Parliament.
Local Government
Remove GST on rates and use ‘land value’ only for the rating base.
Develop a 30 year National Infrastructure Plan in collaboration with Central Government.
Support amalgamation of local and regional councils where supported locally.
Shift to a 4 year term in line with Parliamentary elections.
Shift to Ranked Choice Voting (STV).
History
Foundation
The Opportunities Party was founded by economist and philanthropist Gareth Morgan in November 2016. Morgan launched the party on 4 November outside Parliament House in Wellington. On 10 January 2017 the party announced that it had 2,000 members and was applying for registration. It also announced that it was considering standing electorate candidates. The Electoral Commission posted notice of the registration application on 21 January.
The party announced that then party chief of staff Geoff Simmons would contest the Mount Albert by-election on 25 February 2017. During the by-election the party was criticised by David Seymour for offering free bus trips for Mount Albert voters, which he asserted breached the Electoral Act. However, the Electoral Commission cleared TOP of any wrongdoing. Simmons received 623 votes (4.56% of the total vote), placing him third.
2017 general election
The party was registered by the Electoral Commission on 6 March 2017. On 24 May 2017, Gareth Morgan announced the party's first four electoral and list candidates for the general election on 23 September 2017, and announced further candidates in the following months including former Green Party candidate Teresa Moore who joined Geoff Simmons as co-deputy leader. TOP's final list had 26 party list candidates of which 21 were also contesting electorates.
TOP took TVNZ to court after being excluded from its televised election debates, but lost the case. Leader Gareth Morgan faced controversy during the campaign for referring to Labour leader Jacinda Ardern as "lipstick on a pig", suggesting that the new leader had style but not substance. Morgan also faced backlash when he criticised the public for being sad over the death of Jacinda Ardern's cat. This backlash included an email from TOP candidate Jenny Condie, who said, "It is not merely Gareth’s comments themselves – these are a reflection of the culture that exists within the party. There is a mismatch between our policies and our culture: between what we say we want to accomplish and how we actually behave." In response, Morgan told Condie to resign from the party.
At the 2017 general election, TOP gained 2.4% of the vote and won no seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives. Morgan vowed to continue fighting for a "fairer New Zealand" and maintained that TOP was not a failure since it was the fifth most popular party.
Post election developments
In December 2017, three months after the election, Gareth Morgan resigned as leader and the party's deputy leader Geoff Simmons and two candidates also stepped down from their roles. Morgan said the party would contest the 2020 election but he would not lead it.
In the week that followed the resignations, candidates Jessica Hammond Doube and Jenny Condie announced the launching of a splinter group from TOP with the placeholder name "Next Big Thing". Both candidates attributed their low list rankings to their having raised questions over Morgan's controversial remarks during the election campaign. Condie would become a councillor for Wellington in 2019, while Jessica Hammond would return to TOP for the 2020 election, after a culture shift within the party during its rebuilding phase.
On 9 July 2018, Morgan announced that the Board of The Opportunities Party had decided to cancel the party's registration since the party lacked the time and resources to contest the 2020 general election. In late July, Morgan and the party's board announced that he would reconsider his decision to cancel the party's registration after receiving expressions of interest from people sympathetic to the party's goals. Morgan also indicated in a Facebook post that he was willing to fund candidates and leaders sympathetic to the goals of The Opportunities Party.
In August 2018, The Opportunities Party appointed a new board and Geoff Simmons was appointed interim leader. The new team embarked on a "Listening Tour" across the country to gauge supporter reaction and future interest.
In December 2018, an internal leadership election was run by digital voting company Horizon State. The candidates for leader were Geoff Simmons, Donna Pokere-Phillips, Amy Stevens, Anthony Singh, and Jessica Hammond-Doube. An election was also held for the member-representative to the Board. On 8 December 2018, the board announced that Geoff Simmons had been elected and that Donna Pokere-Phillips had won the race for Member Representative.
2020 general election
After gathering enough support to restart the party and continuing to register with the Electorate Commission, a rebrand and relaunch was held in October 2019. In the brand launch speech, leader Geoff Simmons called for a universal basic income and advances in environment and housing, and to "break the Labour / National duopoly".
TOP nominated candidates in multiple electorates. The Ōhāriu electorate was a particular focus: their Ōhāriu candidate Jessica Hammond Doube said that TOP intended to pour resources into that campaign, as it was the only seat that the party believed it could win. However, she lost the seat to incumbent representative Greg O'Connor by 18,494 votes. Receiving 4,443 votes herself, she came third.
Simmons himself contested Rongotai and came fourth with 3,387 electorate votes out of 45,649 cast. At the beginning of his campaign for the seat Simmons spelled the name of the electorate incorrectly in his advertising as "Rongatai".
The party won 43,449 party votes in the election, or 1.5% of the total. During the party's AGM held on 3 November 2020, the first after the preliminary results had been released, Geoff Simmons resigned as leader and Shai Navot became interim leader.
On 27 January 2022, former Christchurch City Councillor and independent candidate for Ilam, Raf Manji, was announced as the party's third leader.
2022 local elections
The party fielded four candidates in the 2022 local elections, the first time they had contested them. With the final votes tallied, the party had its first elected representative in John Dennison who won a seat on the Featherston Community Board in the South Wairarapa District.
2023 general election
As of May 2023, TOP averaged around 1–2% in opinion polls. Its leader, Raf Manji, said that realistically it would need to win the electorate of Ilam to enter Parliament. Manji had contested the electorate in 2017, as an independent, and came second. Manji said, "Essentially, you've got a backbench MP from Labour, or backbench MP from National, or the former city councillor for the ward who knows the issues". On 4 August 2023, TOP announced their new party list where they put forward 13 electorate candidates throughout New Zealand. On the same day, Natalia Albert was announced as the new Deputy Leader of the party.
Preliminary results from the 2023 New Zealand general election indicate that TOP received 2.07% of the party vote and did not win any electorate seats, meaning it will not enter parliament. Manji came second in Ilam, with 8,526 votes compared to the winner's 15,107.
Logo
The party initially used a variant of the Wā kāinga / Home flag as its logo. In a November 2016 blog post, Gareth Morgan noted it had won the Morgan Foundation's flag competition in 2016 and that it symbolised "the transition we currently have underway in Aotearoa". The creators of the Red Peak flag criticised the party for using a logo similar to their flag without discussing it with them. TOP attempted to register this as their logo in January 2017 at the same time as the party; the party was registered in March 2017 but approval of the logo was deferred due to a by-election in March.
The party then changed to a logo consisting of the letters, T, O, and P in black, red, and dark blue respectively. The party applied to register this with the Electoral Commission in April 2017 and it was approved in May 2017. In October 2019, the party updated its website, including a new logo. This logo shows a T, O, P, and full stop; the T and P are in black and the O and full stop are the same colour, though that colour varies from use to use. The logo can appear with a slogan "Vote Different", in a typewriter font. This new logo was registered in February 2020. In the run up to the 2020 New Zealand general election, the party changed the slogan beneath its logo from "Vote Different" to "A Vote For Change".
Electoral results
Officeholders
Leader
Deputy leader
Notable candidates
Tuariki Delamere (born 1951), former Minister of Immigration, Minister of Pacific Island Affairs, Associate Minister of Finance, and Associate Minister of Health. Delamere was a candidate for the 2020 election campaign.
Abe Gray (born 1982), founder of the Whakamana Cannabis Museum, high-profile cannabis activist and protester for almost two decades. Gray has been a candidate from 2017 to the present.
Mika Haka (born 1962), Māori singer, performance artist, actor, filmmaker, TV producer and comedian. Haka was a candidate for the 2017 election campaign.
Jessica Hammond (born 1978/1979), public servant, politician, playwright, and blogger. Hammond has been a candidate from 2017 to the present.
References
External links
Centrist parties in New Zealand
Political parties in New Zealand
Political parties established in 2016
2016 establishments in New Zealand
Political parties supporting universal basic income
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The CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament is a football competition which acts as qualification to the Summer Olympics women's football tournament for the Confederation of African Football (CAF).
Results
External links
Olympic Games - Women's Football Tournament and qualifications - rsssf.com
Olympic
|
Quñuq P'ukru (Quechua quñuq warm, lukewarm, p'ukru gorge; ravine; gully; hollow; valley, "warm gorge", Hispanicized spelling Joñojpucro) is a mountain in the Cordillera Central in the Andes of Peru, about high. It is situated in the Lima Region, Huarochirí Province, Chicla District.
Quñuq P'ukru lies northwest of Wayrakancha and Putka and west of a little lake named Putkaqucha (Quechua for "muddy lake", Hispanicized Lago Putca, Laguna Putca) which is located at .
References
Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Lima Region
|
Nigel Patrick Dobbs (born 8 May 1962) is a former English cricketer. Dobbs was a right-handed batsman who fielded as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire.
Dobbs made his debut for Lincolnshire in the 1986 Minor Counties Championship against Northumberland. Dobbs played Minor counties cricket for Lincolnshire from 1986 to 1994, which included 44 Minor Counties Championship matches and 13 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his List A debut against Lancashire in the 1988 NatWest Trophy. He played 2 further List A matches for Lincolnshire, against Nottinghamshire in the 1991 NatWest Trophy and Glamorgan in the 1994 NatWest Trophy. In his 3 matches, he scored just 3 runs.
References
External links
Nigel Dobbs at ESPNcricinfo
Nigel Dobbs at CricketArchive
1962 births
Living people
Cricketers from Scunthorpe
English cricketers
Lincolnshire cricketers
Wicket-keepers
|
The 1995 Recopa Sudamericana was the seventh Recopa Sudamericana, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Copa Libertadores and Supercopa Sudamericana competitions. The all-Argentinian final took place in the neutral venue of the National Olympic Stadium of Tokyo.
The match was contested by Vélez Sársfield, winners of the 1994 Copa Libertadores, and Independiente, winners of the 1994 Supercopa Sudamericana, on April 9, 1995. Independiente surprisingly defeated Carlos Bianchi's Vélez Sársfield 0-1 to lift the trophy for the first time. Paraguayan Juan Escobar Valdez became the first referee to direct two consecutive finals and three, in total, of the competition.
Qualified teams
Match details
References
Rec
Recopa Sudamericana
Recopa Sudamericana
Recopa Sudamericana 1995
Recopa Sudamericana 1995
1995
|
St John’s in the Vale is a glacial valley in the Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England. Within the vale are a number of farms and small settlements, in addition to several disused quarry and mining works. St John’s Beck meanders northward along the floor of the vale, and is the main outflow from Thirlmere reservoir, which is located to the south. Alongside the beck runs the B5322, St John’s in the Vale Road.
The vale is in the heart of the northern Lake District and is surrounded by many of the most striking of the Lakeland fells. It runs from south to north, set between the rocky flanks of Clough Head to the east and the neighbours High Rigg and Low Rigg to the west. The southern end of the vale is a narrow pass between High Rigg and Great Dodd, just to the north of the small settlement of Legburthwaite. At its northern end the vale widens to meet the broad east-to-west valley of the River Greta near Threlkeld. The view north from the vale is dominated by the mountains Blencathra and Skiddaw.
High on the western side of the vale lies St John’s in the Vale Church, located in a low pass between High Rigg on the southern side and Low Rigg to the north. This pass provides access for suitably capable vehicles between the vale and Dale Bottom in the Naddle Valley to the west of High Rigg. The present building dates from 1845, with the earliest reference to a church at the site being 1554. On the opposite side of the vale, cut into the northern flank of Clough Head, lies the Threlkeld Quarry and Mining Museum. This former commercial quarry, first opened in the late nineteenth century, was established as a museum in 1992.
The picturesque writer William Gilpin describes a landslide that happened here on 22 August 1749 as being caused by ‘one of those terrible inundations, which wasted lately the vale of Brackenwait’.
References
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: St. John's, Castlerigg and Wythburn (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Carlisle Diocese Youth Centre (Based at St John's-in-the-Vale)
Valleys of Cumbria
|
```kotlin
package de.westnordost.streetcomplete.data.visiblequests
object QuestPresetsTable {
const val NAME = "quest_presets"
object Columns {
const val QUEST_PRESET_ID = "quest_preset_id"
const val QUEST_PRESET_NAME = "quest_preset_name"
}
const val CREATE = """
CREATE TABLE $NAME (
${Columns.QUEST_PRESET_ID} INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
${Columns.QUEST_PRESET_NAME} TEXT NOT NULL
);
"""
}
```
|
```javascript
'use strict';
const common = require('../common.js');
const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
n: [1024],
type: ['buffer', 'string']
});
const zeroBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
const zeroString = '';
function main({ n, type }) {
const data = type === 'buffer' ? zeroBuffer : zeroString;
bench.start();
for (var i = 0; i < n * 1024; i++) Buffer.from(data);
bench.end(n);
}
```
|
The 2016 Intrust Super Premiership NSW is the ninth season of the NSW Cup, and the first since its sponsorship by Intrust Super. The winner will compete in the 2016 NRL State Championship, against the winner of the 2016 Queensland Cup.
Teams
*: The season the team joined is in the NSW Cup/Intrust Super Premiership, not any other competition before this.
Ladder
Finals
The finals commenced on 3 September.
NSW Cup Grand Final
NRL State Championship
As premiers of the NSW Cup, the Illawarra Cutters faced Queensland Cup premiers Burleigh Bears in the NRL State Championship match.
Ron Massey Cup
Ladder
Finals
Sydney Shield
Ladder
Finals
References
2016 in Australian rugby league
New South Wales Cup
2016 in New Zealand rugby league
|
British Bangladeshis are people who arrived from Bangladesh to the United Kingdom, and throughout the years have started to create new businesses throughout the country, especially in Brick Lane, where there are many Bangladeshi restaurants. Bangladeshis were the first to have started the curry industry in the UK, from small businesses. The curry is now regarded as Britain's National dish. Many others also own supermarket stores specialising in Bangladeshi products, and also in the media, the main Bengali channels - Bangla TV and Channel S.
Curry industry
Today many of the Bangladeshi community are now part of the Curry Industry in Britain, more than 8 out of 10 Indian restaurants in the UK are owned by British Bangladeshis, 95% of which come from Sylhet. The number of restaurants owned by Bangladeshis increased rapidly years after years. In 1946, there were 20 restaurants or small cafes which were owned by Bengalis; then in 1960 there were 300 owned; and by 1980, more than 3,000 have been created by them. Now, as of today there are 8,500 Indian restaurants, of which around 7,200 are Bangladeshi. One of the main dishes in those restaurants, the chicken tikka masala, is now regarded as Britain's national food dish. The curry industry is seen as a great success for Bangladeshis living in Britain, the industry which changed the culture of food in British cuisine. Chicken tikka masala is now served in restaurants around the globe, and a UK survey claimed it is the country's most popular restaurant dish. One in seven curries sold in the UK is a chicken tikka. The popularity of the dish led the British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook to proclaim it as Britain's true national dish,. Former prime minister, Tony Blair also recognised it as the favourite dish, by eating at a Bangladeshi curry restaurant for his daughter's birthday.
Curry threat
In April 2008, restaurants owned by Bangladeshis came under threat. Many of those who work in these businesses are recent immigrants legally brought in from outside the UK. The British government announced it would change immigration laws for these workers, blocking access for high skilled chefs from Bangladesh. The law demanded these workers speak fluent English, and have good formal qualifications in order to meet the requirements of society and work in Britain.
These laws have not only affected the Bangladeshis, but have hit other migrant workers from China and India. However, the legislation may have a particularly dramatic effect on Bangladeshis because so many of them rely heavily on the curry business. It has been estimated that 30% of their restaurant businesses are seriously threatened by these new laws. On 20 April 2008, 44,000 people gathered and protested in London, including Bangladeshis, Chinese and Indians and other groups who were unhappy with the changes to the law. They argued their contribution to the economy of the United Kingdom meant they deserved better treatment.
Local business
Many other Bangladeshis own grocery stores. Whitechapel has a thriving local street market which is located opposite the famous Royal London Hospital, which is the largest hospital in Britain. The market offers many low-priced goods for the people working in the area and the local Bengali community. People will go there to grab a bargain every day from Monday to Saturday, which contains over 80 stalls selling many products and foods, everything from fresh fruit to fish, clothing, bedding, carpets, jewellery and electrical goods such as toys. The nearby East London Mosque ensures a steady stream of visitors and many stalls now sell Indian spices and exotic vegetables as well as great quality silks and saree fabric.
In Brick Lane, other than curry being served, there are many Bengali staples available such as jack fruit, betel nut and paan leaves and frozen fish caught from the Surma River. Various travel agents offer many flights to Sylhet with the national airline, Biman Bangladesh Airlines, for around £500 and a new airline called, Air Sylhet was created by British Bangladeshi diaspora, offering low cost flights between both countries.
Every Bangladeshi business located in the East End seems to hark back to the city of Sylhet, for example the Weekly Sylheter Dak - which has a UK circulation of around 7,000 a week; a shop called Sylhet Stores; a lawyers' office called Sylhet & Co; and a Bangladeshi Welfare Association. There are also booming black market in money transfer, such as First Solution Money Transfer which in June 2007, the company went into liquidation owing nearly £2 million to the public who used their services. Seamark and Ibco, owned by millionaire Iqbal Ahmed, Taj Stores, First Bangladeshi Real Estates in UK called Masha Estates Ltd and many others.
There also hundreds of fast food stores scattered across east London, owned by Bangladeshis. Mainly named as Perfect Fried Chicken or Halal Fried Chicken and many other names. These fast food shops are primarily found in the area of Stepney Green.
Media
People have gone beyond by working in media, where the first Bangladeshi channel abroad was created called Bangla TV in 1999, and later another channel called Channel S in 2004, 19 October 2017 another channel launched called ION TV UK the Asian community' reflects on the programs it broadcasts, with many talk shows offering advice from lawyers and barristers such as 'Legal Advice', talk shows, Bengali film and entertainment, an Islamic voice for the community, and much of the channel that broadcasts in the community language, Sylheti - the only Bangladeshi channel to do so. Channel S had acquired the rights to broadcast the Baishakhi Mela, and there has been bitter rivalry between both channels. Also Bangla news published from London are Weekly Surma, Notun Din, Jonomot, daily Amader Protidin, Probasha Protidin, Potrica etc. Other notable business companies include, NRB Media, Masha Estates Ltd, Purple i - an IT expert company providing solutions to many restaurants,
First Solution Money Transfer
In July 2007, a British-based firm called 'First Solution Money Transfer' went into liquidation. Company chairman, Dr. Fazal Mahmood, admitted the business owed hundreds of thousands of pounds to the public. The firm claimed it had lost control of the money it handled due to a lack of regulation in this fast-growing sector of the economy.
The company was heavily used by the Bangladeshi community to send money to relatives in Bangladesh. However, huge amounts of this cash were lost. The scandal provoked anger amongst the community. Dr. Mahmood received death threats and his home was pelted with eggs. Local leaders asked tough questions about the business's management, and the MP George Galloway raised the matter in the House of Commons. It eventually emerged that the company had misappropriated an estimated 1.7 million pounds of their clients money.
See also
List of British Bangladeshis
Economy of Bangladesh
References
Bangladeshi diaspora in the United Kingdom
Business in the United Kingdom
|
```c
/*
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include <pj/config.h>
#include <pj/log.h>
#include <pj/ioqueue.h>
static const char *id = "config.c";
#define PJ_MAKE_VERSION3_1(a,b,d) #a "." #b d
#define PJ_MAKE_VERSION3_2(a,b,d) PJ_MAKE_VERSION3_1(a,b,d)
#define PJ_MAKE_VERSION4_1(a,b,c,d) #a "." #b "." #c d
#define PJ_MAKE_VERSION4_2(a,b,c,d) PJ_MAKE_VERSION4_1(a,b,c,d)
#if PJ_VERSION_NUM_REV
PJ_DEF_DATA(const char*) PJ_VERSION = PJ_MAKE_VERSION4_2(PJ_VERSION_NUM_MAJOR,
PJ_VERSION_NUM_MINOR,
PJ_VERSION_NUM_REV,
PJ_VERSION_NUM_EXTRA);
#else
PJ_DEF_DATA(const char*) PJ_VERSION = PJ_MAKE_VERSION3_2(PJ_VERSION_NUM_MAJOR,
PJ_VERSION_NUM_MINOR,
PJ_VERSION_NUM_EXTRA);
#endif
/*
* Get PJLIB version string.
*/
PJ_DEF(const char*) pj_get_version(void)
{
return PJ_VERSION;
}
PJ_DEF(void) pj_dump_config(void)
{
PJ_LOG(3, (id, "PJLIB (c)2008-2016 Teluu Inc."));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, "Dumping configurations:"));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_VERSION : %s", PJ_VERSION));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_M_NAME : %s", PJ_M_NAME));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_PENTIUM : %d", PJ_HAS_PENTIUM));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_OS_NAME : %s", PJ_OS_NAME));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_CC_NAME/VER_(1,2,3) : %s-%d.%d.%d", PJ_CC_NAME,
PJ_CC_VER_1, PJ_CC_VER_2, PJ_CC_VER_3));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_IS_(BIG/LITTLE)_ENDIAN : %s",
(PJ_IS_BIG_ENDIAN?"big-endian":"little-endian")));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_INT64 : %d", PJ_HAS_INT64));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_FLOATING_POINT : %d", PJ_HAS_FLOATING_POINT));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_DEBUG : %d", PJ_DEBUG));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_FUNCTIONS_ARE_INLINED : %d", PJ_FUNCTIONS_ARE_INLINED));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_LOG_MAX_LEVEL : %d", PJ_LOG_MAX_LEVEL));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_LOG_MAX_SIZE : %d", PJ_LOG_MAX_SIZE));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_LOG_USE_STACK_BUFFER : %d", PJ_LOG_USE_STACK_BUFFER));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_POOL_DEBUG : %d", PJ_POOL_DEBUG));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_POOL_ALT_API : %d", PJ_HAS_POOL_ALT_API));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_TCP : %d", PJ_HAS_TCP));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_MAX_HOSTNAME : %d", PJ_MAX_HOSTNAME));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " ioqueue type : %s", pj_ioqueue_name()));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_IOQUEUE_MAX_HANDLES : %d", PJ_IOQUEUE_MAX_HANDLES));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_IOQUEUE_HAS_SAFE_UNREG : %d", PJ_IOQUEUE_HAS_SAFE_UNREG));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_THREADS : %d", PJ_HAS_THREADS));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_LOG_USE_STACK_BUFFER : %d", PJ_LOG_USE_STACK_BUFFER));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_SEMAPHORE : %d", PJ_HAS_SEMAPHORE));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_EVENT_OBJ : %d", PJ_HAS_EVENT_OBJ));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_EXCEPTION_NAMES : %d", PJ_HAS_EXCEPTION_NAMES));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_MAX_EXCEPTION_ID : %d", PJ_MAX_EXCEPTION_ID));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_EXCEPTION_USE_WIN32_SEH: %d", PJ_EXCEPTION_USE_WIN32_SEH));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_TIMESTAMP_USE_RDTSC: : %d", PJ_TIMESTAMP_USE_RDTSC));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_OS_HAS_CHECK_STACK : %d", PJ_OS_HAS_CHECK_STACK));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_HIGH_RES_TIMER : %d", PJ_HAS_HIGH_RES_TIMER));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_IPV6 : %d", PJ_HAS_IPV6));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_HAS_SSL_SOCK : %d", PJ_HAS_SSL_SOCK));
PJ_LOG(3, (id, " PJ_SSL_SOCK_IMP : %d", PJ_SSL_SOCK_IMP));
}
```
|
USS Wassuc (CMc-3), originally a steel-hulled, coastal passenger vessel built in 1924 at Elizabethport, New Jersey, by the New Jersey Drydock and Transportation Corp. of New York City as SS Yale, was acquired by the U.S. Navy on 20 December 1940. SS Yale then began conversion to a coastal minelayer at the New York Navy Yard. Classified CMc-3 on 30 December 1940 and renamed USS Wassuc on 10 January 1941, the ship was commissioned at the New York Navy Yard on 15 May 1941.
East Coast operations
After commissioning, USS Wassuc proceeded south; touched at Norfolk, Virginia; and then sailed back northward to the Washington Navy Yard where she arrived on 4 June. She subsequently moved to the Mine Warfare School at Yorktown, Virginia, on 23 June, where she relieved , freeing that minesweeper to begin an overhaul. During her service at Yorktown, Wassuc participated in experimental mine work under the aegis of the Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd).
Completing that tour in mid-August, Wassuc moved to the Marine Basin at Brooklyn, New York, for extensive alterations that were not completed until after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor had plunged the United States into World War II. Two days after Christmas of 1941, Wassuc departed Tompkinsville, Staten Island, New York, bound for Yorktown, Virginia, to receive mine warfare instruction duties and further work under the auspices of BuOrd.
Wassuc spent the next two years operating in the 5th Naval District, primarily plying the waters of the Chesapeake Bay region and occasionally ranging as far north as the Washington Navy Yard and as far south as Cape Hatteras. She operated principally in BuOrd testing programs at the Naval Mine Warfare Proving Grounds at Solomons Island, Maryland, and at Yorktown, Virginia. She also served two tours of duty as a training ship, providing instruction for officers in the compensation of magnetic compasses. Although her duties appear to have been largely experimental and test-oriented, records indicate that the ship laid a small minefield off Cape Hatteras on 22 May 1942.
By 1944, Wassuc was the only coastal minelayer on the U.S. Navy inventory. The U.S. Army held primary responsibility for defensive coastal minelaying, and submarines and aircraft were proving superbly capable of carrying mine warfare to enemy shores. Nevertheless, Wassuc continued her undramatic but vital experimental and test work, far from the limelight of the far-flung battlefronts. She continued her coastwise routine, ranging from Provincetown, Massachusetts, and Cape May, New Jersey, to New York and Norfolk, Virginia, as well as Solomons Island, through the end of World War II.
Decommissioning
Decommissioned at the Norfolk Navy Yard on 8 November 1945 and struck from the Navy list on 28 November 1945, the U.S. Navy's last coastal minelayer was sold to the Patapsco Scrap Corp. on 3 August 1948 for scrapping.
References
External links
NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - Wassuc (CMc 3)
Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 CMc-3 USS Wassuc
Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 Minecraft
World War II mine warfare vessels of the United States
Ships built in Elizabeth, New Jersey
1924 ships
Unique minelayers of the United States Navy
|
Frank Minion (born January 3, 1929 in Baltimore) is an American jazz and bop singer, with some rhythm and blues and reggae influences. In 1954 he covered "How High the Moon" and "Sweet Lorraine". He later worked with Roland Alexander. In 1960 he released the album The Soft Land of Make Believe on the Victor Records label, accompanied by Bill Evans. Some of his best known recordings include "Introduction to Black Opium Street", "How Much Land (Does A Man Need)", and "Watermelon" (1960). He also did a notable cover of Cole Porter's "Night and Day".
References
External links
1929 births
Living people
Bebop singers
American jazz singers
American reggae musicians
Singers from Baltimore
Jazz musicians from Maryland
|
KKS Karpaty Krosno is a Polish sports club based in Krosno, Poland. The name "Karpaty" refers to the Carpathian mountains.
As of the 2023–24 season, the football side is playing in the III liga, group IV.
History
Football
The club was established in 1928.
The football section has played in the lower divisions of Polish football throughout history. They have never played in the top flight however they had four spells in the 2nd tier: between the 1951–1953 seasons (under the name of Włókniarz Krosno), 1957-1963/1964 (under the names of Legia Krosno, MZKS Krosno and Karpaty Krosno), 1987/1988-1988/1989, and also 1991/1992-1994/1995. The well-known Polish manager Orest Lenczyk coached Karpaty in the early days of his career in 1970–71. Former Stal Mielec legend Marian Kosiński was manager in 1989/90 and 1991/92.
Their biggest success to date is the 1992/93 season where they achieved a 4th place league finish and the 1/16th finals of the Polish Cup, eventually losing to Legia Warsaw 1–3 on 21 October.
In the 2022–23 season, Karpaty finished second in the Subcarpathian IV liga, overtaken by Cosmos Nowotaniec. On 3 July 2023, the Subcarpathian Football Association announced that Karpaty had been promoted to the II liga, group IV, due to Cosmos' resignation from earning a spot in the division.
Speedway
From 1962 to 1969 speedway was held at the stadium, under the club's name Karpaty Krosno. The team competed in the second division and achieved a best place finish of third in the 1963 Polish speedway season. However, in 1969, due to financial problems, the team's activities were suspended.
Fans
Despite little success on the field, Karpaty have a small but loyal support, at both volleyball and football matches.
The football fan movement in Krosno started in 1987/1988 when the club was promoted to the 2nd tier. They have friendly contacts with fans of Glinik Gorlice, Unia Tarnów, Nafta Jedlicze, Stal Rzeszów, Hungarian team Zalegeszereg and until 2002, Widzew Łódź[1]. The team currently has from 50 to 250 active supporters per game, but that number can rise up to 600 for important matches.
Their biggest rival is Stal Sanok. The first derby match was played on 26 May 1957 in Krosno in the local III division, under the names of Legia Krosno and Sanoczanka Sanok. Their other fierce rival is Czarni Jasło where tensions frequently flare up between the fans. The club is in close proximity to a number of clubs playing at the same level in the region and therefore contest many local rivalries: Sandecja Nowy Sącz, Wisłoka Dębica, Stal Mielec, JKS Jarosław, Brzozovia Brzozów, Sanovia Lesko and Resovia.
See also
Krosno
Football in Poland
List of football clubs in Poland
External links
Official football team website
Official volleyball teams' website
Unofficial football youth team website
Club's profile on 90minut.pl
References
Football clubs in Poland
Football clubs in Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Sports clubs and teams established in 1928
|
Nizhny Mamon () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Nizhnemamonskoye 1-ye Rural Settlement, Verkhnemamonsky District, Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The population was and 2,106 as of 2010. There are 34 streets.
Geography
Nizhny Mamon is located 11 km east of Verkhny Mamon (the district's administrative centre) by road. Prirechnoye is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Verkhnemamonsky District
|
Kechi Beg railway station
() is located in the Quetta District of Pakistan.
See also
List of railway stations in Pakistan
Pakistan Railways
References
External links
Railway stations in Quetta District
|
```javascript
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
// This is intended for permanent JS behavior changes for mocking out
// non-deterministic behavior. For temporary suppressions, please refer to
// v8_suppressions.js.
// This mocks only architecture specific differences. Refer to v8_mocks.js
// for the general case.
// This file is loaded before each correctness test cases and won't get
// minimized.
// Mock maximum typed-array length and limit to 1MiB.
(function () {
var mock = function(arrayType) {
var handler = {
construct: function(target, args) {
for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
if (typeof args[i] != "object") {
args[i] = Math.min(1048576, args[i]);
}
}
return new (
Function.prototype.bind.apply(arrayType, [null].concat(args)));
},
};
return new Proxy(arrayType, handler);
}
ArrayBuffer = mock(ArrayBuffer);
Int8Array = mock(Int8Array);
Uint8Array = mock(Uint8Array);
Uint8ClampedArray = mock(Uint8ClampedArray);
Int16Array = mock(Int16Array);
Uint16Array = mock(Uint16Array);
Int32Array = mock(Int32Array);
Uint32Array = mock(Uint32Array);
BigInt64Array = mock(BigInt64Array);
BigUint64Array = mock(BigUint64Array);
Float32Array = mock(Float32Array);
Float64Array = mock(Float64Array);
})();
// Mock typed array set function and limit maximum offset to 1MiB.
(function () {
var typedArrayTypes = [
Int8Array,
Uint8Array,
Uint8ClampedArray,
Int16Array,
Uint16Array,
Int32Array,
Uint32Array,
BigInt64Array,
BigUint64Array,
Float32Array,
Float64Array,
];
for (let typedArrayType of typedArrayTypes) {
let set = typedArrayType.prototype.set
typedArrayType.prototype.set = function(array, offset) {
set.apply(this, [array, offset > 1048576 ? 1048576 : offset])
};
}
})();
```
|
Colin John Bell (born 18 May 1941) is a former Australian politician who was a Liberal Party member of the Legislative Council of Western Australia from 1983 to 1989, representing Lower West Province.
Bell was born in Bunbury, and attended Bunbury Senior High School. A dairy farmer at Capel before entering politics, he several terms as president of the dairy section of the Primary Industry Association, and also served on the board of the Australia Dairy Corporation. Bell entered parliament at the 1983 state election, replacing the retiring Neil McNeill in Lower West Province. He served a single six-year term before losing Liberal Party preselection prior to the 1989 election. Bell moved to the eastern states after leaving parliament, living for periods in rural New South Wales, on the Gold Coast (where he owned a limousine company), and in rural Victoria, eventually retiring to Melbourne.
References
1941 births
Living people
20th-century Australian farmers
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Western Australia
Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council
People from Bunbury, Western Australia
|
Paul Goodman (September 9, 1911 – August 2, 1972) was an American writer and public intellectual best known for his 1960s works of social criticism. Goodman was prolific across numerous literary genres and non-fiction topics, including the arts, civil rights, decentralization, democracy, education, media, politics, psychology, technology, urban planning, and war. As a humanist and self-styled man of letters, his works often addressed a common theme of the individual citizen's duties in the larger society, and the responsibility to exercise autonomy, act creatively, and realize one's own human nature.
Born to a Jewish family in New York City, Goodman was raised by his aunts and sister and attended City College of New York. As an aspiring writer, he wrote and published poems and fiction before receiving his doctorate from the University of Chicago. He returned to writing in New York City and took sporadic magazine writing and teaching jobs, several of which he lost for his overt bisexuality and World War II draft resistance. Goodman discovered anarchism and wrote for libertarian journals. His radicalism was rooted in psychological theory. He co-wrote the theory behind Gestalt therapy based on Wilhelm Reich's radical Freudianism and held psychoanalytic sessions through the 1950s while continuing to write prolifically.
His 1960 book of social criticism, Growing Up Absurd, established his importance as a mainstream, antiestablishment cultural theorist. Goodman became known as "the philosopher of the New Left" and his anarchistic disposition was influential in 1960s counterculture and the free school movement. Despite being the foremost American intellectual of non-Marxist radicalism in his time, his celebrity did not endure far beyond his life. Goodman is remembered for his utopian proposals and principled belief in human potential.
Life
Goodman was born in New York City on September 9, 1911, to Augusta and Barnette Goodman. His Sephardic Jewish ancestors had emigrated to New York from Germany a century earlier, well before the Eastern European wave. His grandfather had fought in the American Civil War and the family was "relatively prosperous". Goodman's insolvent father abandoned the family prior to his birth, making Paul their fourth and last child, after Alice (1902–1969) and Percival (1904–1989). Their mother worked as a women's clothes traveling saleswoman, which left Goodman to be raised mostly by his aunts and sister in New York City's Washington Heights with petty bourgeois values. He attended Hebrew school and the city's public schools, where he excelled and developed a strong affinity with Manhattan. Goodman performed well in literature and languages during his time at Townsend Harris Hall High School and graduated atop his class in 1927. He started at City College of New York the same year, where he majored in philosophy, was influenced by philosopher Morris Raphael Cohen, and found both lifelong friends and his intellectual social circle]. Goodman came to identify with "community anarchism" since reading Peter Kropotkin as an undergraduate, and kept the affiliation throughout his lie. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1931, early in the Great Depression.
As an aspiring writer, Goodman wrote and published poems, essays, stories, and a play while living with his sister Alice, who supported him. Only a few were published. He did not keep a regular job, but read scripts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and taught drama at a Zionist youth camp during the summers 1934 through 1936. Unable to afford tuition, Goodman audited graduate classes at Columbia University and traveled to some classes at Harvard University. When Columbia philosophy professor Richard McKeon moved to the University of Chicago, he invited Goodman to attend and lecture. Between 1936 and 1940, Goodman was a graduate student in literature and philosophy, a research assistant, and part-time instructor. He took his preliminary exams in 1940, but was forced out for "nonconformist sexual behavior", a charge that would recur multiple times in his teaching career. By this point of his life, Goodman was married and continued to cruise for young men, as an active bisexual.
Homesick and absent his doctorate, Goodman returned to writing in New York City, where he was affiliated with the literary avant-garde. Goodman worked on his dissertation, though it would take 14 years to publish. Unable to find work as a teacher, he reviewed films in Partisan Review and in the next two years, published his first book of poetry (1941) and novel (The Grand Piano, 1942). He taught at Manumit, a progressive boarding school, in 1943 and 1944, but was let go for "homosexual behavior". Partisan Review too removed Goodman for his bisexuality and draft resistance advocacy. (Goodman himself was deferred and rejected from the World War II draft.) World War II politicized Goodman from an avant-garde author into a vocal pacifist and decentralist. His exploration of anarchism led him to publish in the libertarian journals of New York's Why? Group and Dwight Macdonald's Politics. Goodman's collected anarchist essays from this period, "The May Pamphlet", undergird the libertarian social criticism he would pursue for the rest of his life.
Gestalt therapy
Aside from anarchism, the late 1940s marked Goodman's expansion into psychoanalytic therapy and urban planning. In 1945, Goodman started a second common-law marriage that would last until his death. Apart from teaching gigs at New York University night school and a summer at Black Mountain College, the family lived in poverty on his wife's salary. By 1946, Goodman was a popular yet "marginal" figure in New York bohemia and he began to participate in psychoanalytic therapy with Alexander Lowen. Through contact with Wilhelm Reich, he began a self-psychoanalysis. Around the same time, Goodman and his brother, the architect Percival, wrote Communitas (1947). It argued that rural and urban living had not been functionally integrated and became known as a major work of urban planning following Goodman's eventual celebrity.
Fritz and Lore Perls contacted Goodman after reading his writing on Reich and began a friendship that yielded the Gestalt therapy movement. Goodman authored the theoretical chapter of their co-written Gestalt Therapy (1951). In the early 1950s, he continued with his psychoanalytic sessions and began his own occasional, unlicensed practice. He continued in this occupation through 1960, taking patients, running groups, and leading classes at the Gestalt Therapy Institutes.
During this psychoanalytic period, Goodman continued to consider himself foremost an artist and wrote prolifically even as his lack of wider recognition weathered his resolve. Before starting with Gestalt therapy, Goodman published the novel State of Nature, the book of anarchist and aesthetic essays Art and Social Nature, and the academic monograph Kafka's Prayer. He spent 1948 and 1949 writing in New York and published The Break-Up of Our Camp, a short story collection, followed by two novels: the 1950 The Dead of Spring and the 1951 Parents' Day. He returned to his writing and therapy practice in New York City in 1951 and received his Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of Chicago, whose press published his dissertation as The Structure of Literature the same year. The Living Theatre staged his theatrical work.
Mid-decade, Goodman entered a life crisis when publishers did not want his epic novel The Empire City, a new lay therapist licensing law excluded Goodman, and his daughter contracted polio. He embarked to Europe in 1958 where, through reflections on American social ills and respect for Swiss patriotism, Goodman became zealously concerned with improving America. He read the founding fathers and resolved to write patriotic social criticism that would appeal to his fellow citizens rather than criticize from the sidelines. Throughout the late 1950s, Goodman continued to publish in journals including Commentary, Dissent, Liberation (for which he became an unofficial editor), and The Kenyon Review. The Empire City was published in 1959. His work had brought little money or fame up to this point. It was a low point of his life that would soon change dramatically.
Social criticism
Goodman's 1960 study of alienated youth in America, Growing Up Absurd, established his importance as a mainstream cultural theorist and pillar of leftist thought during the counterculture. Released to moderate acclaim, it became the major book by which 1960s American youth understood themselves. The book of social criticism assured the young that they were right to feel disaffected about growing up into a society without meaningful community, spirit, sex, or work. He proposed alternatives in topics across the humanist spectrum from family, school, and work, through media, political activism, psychotherapy, quality of life, racial justice, and religion. In contrast to contemporaneous mores, Goodman praised traditional, simple values, such as honor, faith, and vocation, and the humanist history of art and heroes as providing hope for a more meaningful society.
Goodman's frank vindications and outsider credentials resonated with the young. Throughout the sixties, Goodman would direct his work towards them as a father figure. Impressed by his personal integrity and the open defiance by which he lived his life, they came to regard him as a model for free life in a bureaucratic country and he came to regarded himself as their Dutch uncle. He spoke regularly on college campuses, discussing tactics with students, and seeking to cultivate youth movements, such as Students for a Democratic Society and the Berkeley Free Speech Movement, that would take up his political message. As an early ally, he had a particular affinity for the Berkeley movement, which he identified as anarchist in character. Goodman became known both as the movement's philosopher and as "the philosopher of the New Left".
While he continued to write for "little magazines", Goodman now reached mainstream audiences and began to make money. Multiple publishers were engaged in reissuing his books, reclaiming his backlog of unpublished fiction, and publishing his new social commentary. He continued to publish at least a book a year for the rest of his life, including critiques of education (The Community of Scholars and Compulsory Miseducation), a treatise on decentralization (People or Personnel), a "memoir-novel" (Making Do), and collections of poetry, sketch stories, and previous articles. He produced a collection of critical broadcasts he had given in Canada as Like a Conquered Province. His books from this period influenced the free university and free school movements. On the intellectual speaking circuit, Goodman was in high demand.
Goodman taught in a variety of academic institutions. He was the Washington Institute for Policy Studies's first visiting scholar before serving multiple semester-long university appointments in New York, London, and Hawaii. He was the Knapp Distinguished Scholar in urban affairs at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and became the first San Francisco State College professor to be hired by students, paid by a student self-imposed tax. While continuing to lecture, Goodman participated in the 1960s counterculture war protests and draft resistance, including the first mass draft-card burning. Goodman's son, a Cornell University student, was also active in draft resistance and was under investigation by the FBI before his accidental mountaineering death in 1967, which launched Goodman into a prolonged depression.
Towards the end of the decade, vanguardist groups turned on Goodman, believing his politics to stifle their revolutionary fervor. They began to heckle and vilify him. Goodman, who enjoyed polemics, was undeterred by their words but dispirited by the movement's turn towards insurrectionary politics. In the early 70s, Goodman wrote works that summarized his experience, such as New Reformation and Little Prayers & Finite Experience. His health worsened due to a heart condition, and Goodman died of a heart attack at his farm in North Stratford, New Hampshire on August 2, 1972, at the age of 60. His in-progress works (Little Prayers and Collected Poems) were published posthumously.
Literature
Though he was prolific across many literary forms and topical categories, as a humanist, he thought of his writing as serving one common subject—"the organism and the environment"—and one common, pragmatic aim: that the writing should effect a change. Indeed, Goodman's poetry, fiction, drama, literary criticism, urban planning, psychological, cultural, and educational theory addressed the theme of the individual citizen's duties in the larger society, especially the responsibility to exercise free action and creativity. While his fiction and poetry was noted in his time, following Growing Up Absurd success, he diverted his attention from literature and spent his final decade pursuing the social and cultural criticism that forms the basis of his legacy.
As an avant-garde litterateur, Goodman's work was frequently experimental.
Goodman's prose has, at times, been commonly criticized for its sloppiness or impenetrability. Literary critic Kingsley Widmer described, in a survey of Goodman's writings, characteristic traits of poor organization, pedantry, and overassertion.
Thought and influence
Goodman believed that humans were inherently creative, communal, and loving, except when societal institutions alienate individuals from their natural selves, such as making them suppress their impulses to serve the institution. Goodman's oeuvre addressed humanism broadly across multiple disciplines and sociopolitical topics including the arts, civil planning, civil rights and liberties, decentralization and self-regulation, democracy, education, ethics, media, technology, "return to the land", war, and peace. When criticized for prioritizing breadth over depth, Goodman would reply that his interests did not break neatly into disciplines and that his works concerned the common topics of human nature and community as derived from his concrete experience. He fashioned himself a man of letters and artist-humanist, i.e., a public thinker who writes about the human condition and who creates not as a visual artist but by discharging his duties as a citizen. Goodman's wide interests reflected a concept he believed, acted on, and titled one of his booksThe Society I Live in Is Minethat everything is everyone's business. Goodman was prolific in sharing specific ideas for improving society to match his aims, and actively advocated for them in frequent lectures, letters, op-eds, and media appearances.
Goodman's intellectual development followed three phases. His experience in marginal subcommunities, small anarchist publications, and bohemian New York City through the 1940s formed his core, radical principles, such as decentralization and pacifism. His first transformation was in psychological theory, as Goodman moved past the theories of Wilhelm Reich to develop Gestalt therapy with Fritz Perls. His second transformation opened his approach to social criticism. He resolved to write positively, patriotically, and accessibly about reform for a larger audience rather than simply resisting conformity and "drawing the line" between himself and societal pressures. This approach was foundational to building the New Left.
Politics and social thought
Goodman was most famous as a political thinker and social critic. Following his ascent with Growing Up Absurd (1960), his books spoke to young radicals, whom he encouraged to reclaim Thomas Jefferson's radical democracy as their anarchist birthright. Goodman's anarchist politics of the forties had an afterlife influence in the politics of the sixties' New Left. His World War II-era essays on the draft, moral law, civic duty, and resistance against violence were re-purposed for youth grappling with the Vietnam War. Even as American activism grew increasingly violent in the late 1960s, Goodman retained hope that a new populism, almost religious in nature, would bring about a consensus to live more humanely. His political beliefs shifted little over his life, though his message as a social critic had been fueled by his pre-1960 experiences as a Gestalt therapist and dissatisfaction with his role as an artist.
As a decentralist, Goodman was skeptical of power and believed that human fallibility required power to be deconcentrated to reduce its harm. "Anarchists", Goodman wrote, "want to increase intrinsic functioning and diminish extrinsic power". His "peasant anarchism" was less dogma than disposition: he held that the small things in life (little property, food, sex) were paramount, while power worship, central planning, and ideology were perilous. He rejected grand schemes to reorganize the world and instead argued for decentralized counter-institutions across society to downscale societal organization into small, community-based units that better served immediate needs. Goodman blamed political centralization and a power elite for withering populism and creating a "psychology of powerlessness". He advocated for alternative systems of order that eschewed "top-down direction, standard rules, and extrinsic rewards like salary and status". Goodman often referenced classical republican ideology, such as improvised, local political decision-making and principles like honor and craftsmanship.
He defined political action as any novel individual initiative (e.g., policy, enterprise, idea) without wide acceptance. Civil liberty, to Goodman, was less about freedom from coercive institutions, as commonly articulated in anarchist politics, and more about freedom to initiate within a community, as is necessary for the community's continued evolution. He believed individual initiative—human ardor and animal drives—and the everyday conflict it creates to be the foundation of communities and a quality to be promoted. Love and the creative rivalry of fraternity, wrote Goodman, is what spurs the individual initiative to do what none could do alone.
Goodman followed in the tradition of Enlightenment rationalism. Like Immanuel Kant in What Is Enlightenment? (one of Goodman's favorite essays), Goodman structured his core beliefs around autonomy: the human ability to pursue one's own initiative and follow through, as distinct from "freedom". Influenced by Aristotle, Goodman additionally advocated for self-actualization through participating in societal discourse, rather than using politics solely to choose leaders and divvy resources. He adhered to Deweyan pragmatism—the pursuit of practical knowledge to guide one's actions—and spoke about its misappropriation in American society. Goodman praised classless, everyday, democratic values associated with American frontier culture. He lionized American radicals who championed such values. Goodman was interested in radicalism native to the United States, such as populism and Randolph Bourne's anarcho-pacifism, and distanced himself from Marxism and European radicalism.
Goodman is associated with the New York Intellectuals circle of college-educated, secular Jews, despite his political differences with the group. Goodman's anarchist politics alienated him from his Marxist peers in the 1930s and 40s as well as later when their thought became increasingly conservative. He criticized the intellectuals as having first sold out to Communism and then to the "organized system". Goodman's affiliations with the New York Intellectuals provided much of his early publishing connections and success, especially as he saw rejection from the literary establishment. Goodman found fonder camaraderie among anarchists and experimentalists such as the Why? Group and the Living Theater. Goodman's role as a New York Intellectual cultural figure was satirized alongside his coterie in Delmore Schwartz's The World Is a Wedding and namechecked in Woody Allen's Annie Hall.
Despite early interest in the civil rights movement, Goodman was not as involved with its youth activists.
Psychology
Goodman's radicalism was based in psychological theory, his views on which evolved throughout his life. He first adopted radical Freudianism based in fixed human instincts and the politics of Wilhelm Reich. Goodman believed that natural human instinct (akin to Freud's id) served to help humans resist alienation, advertising, propaganda, and will to conform. He moved away from Reichian individualistic id psychology towards a view of the nonconforming self integrated with society. Several factors precipitated this change. First, Reich, a Marxist, criticized Goodman's anarchist interpretation of his work. Second, as a follower of Aristotle, belief in a soul pursuing its intrinsic telos fit Goodman's idea of socialization better than the Freudian conflict model. Third, as a follower of Kant, Goodman believed in the self as a synthesized combination of internal human nature and the external world. As he developed these thoughts, Goodman met Fritz Perls in 1946. The pair together challenged Reich and developed the theory of Gestalt therapy atop traits of Reich's radical Freudianism.
Gestalt therapy emphasizes the living present over the past and conscious activity over the unconsciousness of dreams. The therapy is based in finding and confronting unresolved issues in one's habitual behavior and social environment to become a truer, more self-aware version of oneself. It encourages clients to embrace spontaneity and active engagement in their present lives. Unlike the silent Freudian analyst, Goodman played an active, confrontational role as therapist. He believed his role was less to cure sickness than to adjust clients to their realities in accordance with their own desires by revealing their blocked potential. The therapist, to Goodman, should act as a "fellow citizen" with a responsibility to reflect the shared, societal sources of these blockages. These themes, of present engagement and of duty to identify shared ills, provided a theory of human nature and community that became the political basis of Goodman's New Left vision and subsequent career in social criticism. Goodman's collective therapy sessions functioned as mutual criticism on par with Oneida Community communal self-improvement meetings.
Education
Goodman's thoughts on education came from his interest in progressive education and his experience with the Berkeley Free Speech Movement and free university movement.
Goodman invokes "human nature" as multifaceted and unearthed by new culture, institutions, and proposals. He offers no common definition of "human nature" and suggests that no common definition is needed even when claiming that some action is "against human nature". Goodman contends that humans are animals with tendencies and that a "human nature" forms between the human and an environment he deems suitable: a continually reinvented "free" society with a culture developed from and for the search for human powers. When denied this uninhibited growth, human nature is shackled, culture purged, and education impossible, regardless of the physical institution of schooling.
To Goodman, education aims to form a common humanity and, in turn, create a "worthwhile" world. He figured that "natural" human development has similar aims, which is to say that education and "growing up" are identical. "Mis-education", in comparison, has less to do with education or growing up, and is rather a brainwashing process of inculcating a singular worldview that discounts personal experience and feelings, with fearfulness and insecurity towards other worldviews. As outlined in Growing Up Absurd, a dearth of "worthwhile opportunities" in a society precludes both education and growing up. Goodman contended that a lack of community, patriotism, and honor stunts the normal development of human nature and leads to "resigned or fatalistic" youth. This resignation leads youth to "role play" the qualities expected of them.
Goodman's books on education extol the medieval university and advocated for alternative institutions of instruction. He advocates for replacing compulsory schooling with various forms of education more specific to individual interests, including the choice to not attend any school. He argues that the busyness of American high schools and extracurricular activities preclude students from developing their individual interests, and that students should spend years away from schooling before working towards a liberal arts college degree. Goodman believes in dismantling large educational institutions to create small college federations. Goodman saw himself as continuing the work started by John Dewey.
His works on American school social criticism were among the first in a 1960s body of literature that became known as the romantic critics of education. Critics of public schools borrowed his ideas for years after the 1960 publication of Growing Up Absurd, and Goodman's ideas on education reverberated for decades.
Personal life
While Goodman anchored himself to larger traditions—characterized by some as a Renaissance man, a citizen of the world, a "child of the Enlightenment", and a man of letters—he also considered himself an American patriot, with fond affection for "our beautiful libertarian, pluralist and populist experiment". He valued what he called the provincial virtues of the country's national character, such as dutifulness, frugality, honesty, prudence, and self-reliance. He also valued curiosity, lust, and willingness to break rules for self-evident good.
Both of Goodman's marriages were common law; neither was state-officiated. Goodman was married to Virginia Miller between 1938 and 1943. Their daughter, Susan (1939), was born in Chicago. Between 1945 and his death, Goodman was married to Sally Duchsten. Their son, Mathew Ready, was born in 1946. They lived below the poverty line on her salary as a secretary, supplemented by Goodman's sporadic teaching assignments. With the proceeds from Growing Up Absurd (1960), his wife left her job and Goodman bought a farmhouse outside of North Stratford, New Hampshire, which they used as an occasional home. His third child, Daisy, was born in 1963. Towards the end of his life, despite the wealth that resulted from his fame, his family lived an unadorned life in an apartment on the Upper West Side of New York City.
Throughout his life, Goodman lost jobs for reasons related to his sexuality. By the time he was in Chicago and married, Goodman was an active bisexual who cruised bars and parks for young men. He was fired from his teaching position there for not taking his cruising off-campus. He was dismissed from the Partisan Review, the progressive boarding school Manumit, and Black Mountain College for reasons related to his sexuality.
Goodman was known for his paradoxical identity and contrarian stances. He was, at once, an iconoclastic anarchist and a "neolithic conservative", a figurehead of the political left and regularly critical of it, an everyman who roamed New York for sex and handball and a self-described defender of Western civilization who held Aristotle and Kropotkin as his forebears. Growing Up Absurd professes his belief in the simultaneous paramountcy of both radical individuation and communalism. He believed in liberating coalitions but broke from black power and gay rights movements or coalitions whose collective power diminished individual autonomy. He loved to shock and his aggressive, cunning argumentative style tended towards polemics and explaining both how his interlocutor was completely wrong and from which basics they should begin anew. In his life, Goodman's professed egalitarianism and humanism sometimes clashed with his personal pretensions, intellectual arrogance, and "impatient imperviousness". While admirable that Goodman stuck to his unfashionable conviction, Irving Howe wrote, Goodman also had an air of "asphyxiating self-righteousness". Goodman's unmannered physical presence was a core piece of his presentation and idiosyncratic celebrity as a social gadfly, partly since Goodman himself championed a lack of separation between public and private lives.
Legacy
In his time, Goodman was the foremost American intellectual within non-Marxist, Western radicalism, but he did not fit neatly into categories within the intellectual community. Though he wrote learnedly on topics spanning 21 different sections of the New York Public Library by the time of his death, he went largely unaccepted in these disciplines, owing partly to his resistance to specialization, his ornery personality, and his unrefined writing quality. His work went unrecognized in academic canon. As literary critic Kingsley Widmer put it, Goodman had not produced a singular masterwork.
Writing on Goodman's death, Susan Sontag described his intellect as underappreciated and his literary voice as the most "convincing, genuine, [and] singular" since D. H. Lawrence's. She lamented how "Goodman was always taken for granted even by his admirers", praised his literary breadth, and predicted that his poetry would eventually find widespread appreciation. Sontag called Goodman the "most important American writer" of her last twenty years. Literary critic Adam Kirsch later wrote that this was an eccentric opinion both for the time and 2012. Author Kerry Howley, panning Goodman's prose at the time of his 2010 PM Press republications, decried Sontag's and others' defense of Goodman, writing that "rarely in history has such a long list of luminaries come together to apologize for a single body of work".
Some of Goodman's ideas have been assimilated into mainstream thought: local community autonomy and decentralization, better balance between rural and urban life, morality-led technological advances, break-up of regimented schooling, art in mass media, and a culture less focused on a wasteful standard of living. Over time, the idea of "the system" entered common language and ceased to be a rallying cry. Goodman bridged the 1950s era of mass conformity and repression into the 1960s era of youth counterculture in his encouragement of dissent. His systemic societal critique was adopted by 1960s New Left radicals, and his Growing Up Absurd changed American public dialogue to focus "on the discontents of the young and the lack of humane values in much of our technocracy". Goodman influenced many of the late 1960s critics of education, including George Dennison, John Holt, Ivan Illich, and Everett Reimer.
His influence never took hold in the wider public. Goodman's public interest peaked with his late 1960s youth readership and waned as quickly as it came. Within decades Goodman was largely forgotten from public consciousness. Goodman's subsequent obscurity was itself the subject of a 2011 documentary. His literary executor wrote that much of Goodman's effectiveness relied on his electric, cantankerous presence. As a figure, Goodman is remembered for his utopian proposals and principled belief in human potential, and among scholars of the New York Intellectuals. As an individual, he is remembered for embarrassing anecdotes by those who knew him, and by those who did not, his views read today as sexist or pederastic.
Harvard University's Houghton Library acquired Goodman's papers in 1989. Though known for his social criticism in his life, Goodman's literary executor Taylor Stoehr wrote in the 1990s that future generations would likely appreciate Goodman foremost for his poetry and fiction, which are also the works for which Goodman wished to be known. Writing years later, Stoehr thought that the poems, some stories, and The Empire City would have the most future currency. Though Stoehr considered Goodman's social commentary just "as fresh in the nineties as ... in the sixties", everything but Communitas and Growing Up Absurd had gone out of print. As of the 2010s, Goodman's creative works had little enduring readership.
Written works
The May Pamphlet (1946)
Kafka's Prayer (1947)
Communitas (1947)
Gestalt Therapy (1951)
Parents' Day (1951)
The Structure of Literature (1954)
The Empire City (1959)
Growing Up Absurd (1960)
Utopian Essays and Practical Proposals (1962)
The Community of Scholars (1962)
Making Do (1963)
Compulsory Miseducation (1964)
People or Personnel (1965)
Five Years (1966)
Like a Conquered Province (1967)
New Reformation (1970)
Speaking and Language (1971)
Little Prayers and Finite Experience (1972)
Collected Poems (1973)
See also
List of American anarchists
List of Jewish anarchists
List of peace activists
Notes
References
Previously published as
Later republished in Sontag's
Further reading
External links
Public domain books at HathiTrust
Finding aid to video interviews about Paul Goodman at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
1911 births
1972 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American poets
Advocates of unschooling and homeschooling
American anarchists
American anti-capitalists
American bisexual writers
American educational theorists
American LGBT novelists
American LGBT poets
American male non-fiction writers
American male novelists
American male poets
American male short story writers
American pacifists
American people of German-Jewish descent
American people of Sephardic-Jewish descent
American political writers
American short story writers
American sociologists
Anarchist writers
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Bisexual male writers
Black Mountain College faculty
City College of New York alumni
Gestalt therapy
LGBT people from New York (state)
New Left
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