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In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represented by George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley, alleged they had been present when large q...
Who analyzed the biopsies?
{ "answer_start": [ 457 ], "text": [ "Rutgers University biochemists" ] }
a4968ca8a18de16aa3859be760e43dbd3af3fce9
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represen...
In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represented by George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley, alleged they had been present when large q...
who represented robert frost and walter kasza in their suit?
{ "answer_start": [ 218 ], "text": [ "George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley" ] }
f251ea56c4f1aa1df270137f7e6d89c0cc1b6ef4
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represen...
In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represented by George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley, alleged they had been present when large q...
What was the law suit against Groom about
{ "answer_start": [ 826 ], "text": [ "the USAF had illegally handled toxic materials, and that the EPA had failed in its duty to enforce the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (which governs handling of dangerous materials)" ] }
04ecd5555635bc05fd2f379d1b9027edd663cebf
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represen...
In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represented by George Washington University law professor Jonathan Turley, alleged they had been present when large q...
what did the complainants alleged happen to them?
{ "answer_start": [ 607 ], "text": [ "had sustained skin, liver, and respiratory injuries" ] }
d066a75dbe8cd3e2b57c415a8eb54a08dc7e72a7
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In 1994, five unnamed civilian contractors and the widows of contractors Walter Kasza and Robert Frost sued the USAF and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Their suit, in which they were represen...
In January 2006, space historian Dwayne A. Day published an article in online aerospace magazine The Space Review titled "Astronauts and Area 51: the Skylab Incident". The article was based on a memo written in 1974 to CIA director William Colby by an unknown CIA official. The memo reported that astronauts on board Sky...
When was the aerospace magazine article published?
{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "January 2006" ] }
c5f545baccd8ea8adb83f75756f4832340600bd9
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In January 2006, space historian Dwayne A. Day published an article in online aerospace magazine The Space Review titled "Astronauts and Area 51: the Skylab Incident". The article was based on a memo written in ...
Its secretive nature and undoubted connection to classified aircraft research, together with reports of unusual phenomena, have led Area 51 to become a focus of modern UFO and other conspiracy theories. Some of the activities mentioned in such theories at Area 51 include:
What location has become an area of interest for current UFO and other conspiracy theories?
{ "answer_start": [ 132 ], "text": [ "Area 51" ] }
f9307229512ff964a59eaa408e62e05c3d10398b
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Its secretive nature and undoubted connection to classified aircraft research, together with reports of unusual phenomena, have led Area 51 to become a focus of modern UFO and other conspiracy theories. Some of ...
Its secretive nature and undoubted connection to classified aircraft research, together with reports of unusual phenomena, have led Area 51 to become a focus of modern UFO and other conspiracy theories. Some of the activities mentioned in such theories at Area 51 include:
What was the focus of modern UFO conspiracy?
{ "answer_start": [ 256 ], "text": [ "Area 51" ] }
fcd31d7191026816abb5b7def9c6d3fefde892bb
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Its secretive nature and undoubted connection to classified aircraft research, together with reports of unusual phenomena, have led Area 51 to become a focus of modern UFO and other conspiracy theories. Some of ...
The USGS topographic map for the area only shows the long-disused Groom Mine. A civil aviation chart published by the Nevada Department of Transportation shows a large restricted area, defined as part of the Nellis restricted airspace. The National Atlas page showing federal lands in Nevada shows the area as lying with...
What type of airspace is Nellis?
{ "answer_start": [ 215 ], "text": [ "restricted" ] }
7390b083695d1b6d8bed9acb57a84707361c9104
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The USGS topographic map for the area only shows the long-disused Groom Mine. A civil aviation chart published by the Nevada Department of Transportation shows a large restricted area, defined as part of the Nel...
The amount of information the United States government has been willing to provide regarding Area 51 has generally been minimal. The area surrounding the lake is permanently off-limits to both civilian and normal military air traffic. Security clearances are checked regularly; cameras and weaponry are not allowed. Even...
What kind of action do military pilots face if they stray into prohibited areas?
{ "answer_start": [ 363 ], "text": [ "disciplinary" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The amount of information the United States government has been willing to provide regarding Area 51 has generally been minimal. The area surrounding the lake is permanently off-limits to both civilian and norma...
The lakebed made an ideal strip from which they could test aircraft, and the Emigrant Valley's mountain ranges and the NTS perimeter, about 100 mi (160 km) north of Las Vegas, protected the test site from visitors. The CIA asked the AEC to acquire the land, designated "Area 51" on the map, and add it to the Nevada Test...
what made the testing strip for the aircraft?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "The lakebed" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The lakebed made an ideal strip from which they could test aircraft, and the Emigrant Valley's mountain ranges and the NTS perimeter, about 100 mi (160 km) north of Las Vegas, protected the test site from visito...
The lakebed made an ideal strip from which they could test aircraft, and the Emigrant Valley's mountain ranges and the NTS perimeter, about 100 mi (160 km) north of Las Vegas, protected the test site from visitors. The CIA asked the AEC to acquire the land, designated "Area 51" on the map, and add it to the Nevada Test...
who was along for the initial U-2 delivery?
{ "answer_start": [ 1428 ], "text": [ "Lockheed technicians" ] }
d5377da63e6f64dae5e269290a6334c2a912cb3f
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The lakebed made an ideal strip from which they could test aircraft, and the Emigrant Valley's mountain ranges and the NTS perimeter, about 100 mi (160 km) north of Las Vegas, protected the test site from visito...
The original rectangular base of 6 by 10 miles (9.7 by 16.1 km) is now part of the so-called "Groom box", a rectangular area measuring 23 by 25 miles (37 by 40 km), of restricted airspace. The area is connected to the internal Nevada Test Site (NTS) road network, with paved roads leading south to Mercury and west to Yu...
What type of roads lead to the ranches?
{ "answer_start": [ 775 ], "text": [ "dirt-road" ] }
ba7865d50777f2b90ba88fcb070a672d042b6b69
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The original rectangular base of 6 by 10 miles (9.7 by 16.1 km) is now part of the so-called "Groom box", a rectangular area measuring 23 by 25 miles (37 by 40 km), of restricted airspace. The area is connected ...
The original rectangular base of 6 by 10 miles (9.7 by 16.1 km) is now part of the so-called "Groom box", a rectangular area measuring 23 by 25 miles (37 by 40 km), of restricted airspace. The area is connected to the internal Nevada Test Site (NTS) road network, with paved roads leading south to Mercury and west to Yu...
Where does the Groom Lake Road head relative to the lake?
{ "answer_start": [ 338 ], "text": [ "northeast" ] }
eeb8dbd25efe5221dc6723ddee95daa07d2c8478
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The original rectangular base of 6 by 10 miles (9.7 by 16.1 km) is now part of the so-called "Groom box", a rectangular area measuring 23 by 25 miles (37 by 40 km), of restricted airspace. The area is connected ...
The storage, examination, and reverse engineering of crashed alien spacecraft (including material supposedly recovered at Roswell), the study of their occupants (living and dead; see grey alien), and the manufacture of aircraft based on alien technology.
What is thought to be being built in Roswell?
{ "answer_start": [ 219 ], "text": [ "aircraft based on alien technology" ] }
9daf791fa16a8aa198bf467ff163b2ee3f0daf13
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The storage, examination, and reverse engineering of crashed alien spacecraft (including material supposedly recovered at Roswell), the study of their occupants (living and dead; see grey alien), and the manufac...
A defined quality of service may be desired or required for certain types of network traffic, for example:
What is a possible requirement for various network traffic?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "A defined quality of service" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. A defined quality of service may be desired or required for certain types of network traffic, for example: Question: What is a possible requirement for various network traffic?Please answer this question using a...
A network or protocol that supports QoS may agree on a traffic contract with the application software and reserve capacity in the network nodes, for example during a session establishment phase. During the session it may monitor the achieved level of performance, for example the data rate and delay, and dynamically con...
When does QoS negotiate how network activity will behave?
{ "answer_start": [ 157 ], "text": [ "during a session establishment phase" ] }
c561b1443b550dafd2811d0764812d1b8d3e0122
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. A network or protocol that supports QoS may agree on a traffic contract with the application software and reserve capacity in the network nodes, for example during a session establishment phase. During the sessi...
In practice, when a packet must be forwarded from an interface with queuing, packets requiring low jitter (e.g., VoIP or videoconferencing) are given priority over packets in other queues. Typically, some bandwidth is allocated by default to network control packets (such as Internet Control Message Protocol and routing...
How are packets forwarded?
{ "answer_start": [ 45 ], "text": [ "from an interface with queuing, packets requiring low jitter" ] }
a569d5a7a38d144de40ce367c70ad688fc6750ed
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In practice, when a packet must be forwarded from an interface with queuing, packets requiring low jitter (e.g., VoIP or videoconferencing) are given priority over packets in other queues. Typically, some bandwi...
In response to these markings, routers and switches use various queuing strategies to tailor performance to requirements. At the IP layer, DSCP markings use the 6 bits in the IP packet header. At the MAC layer, VLAN IEEE 802.1Q and IEEE 802.1p can be used to carry essentially the same information.
What is the main purpose of different queuing strategies that routers use?
{ "answer_start": [ 86 ], "text": [ "tailor performance to requirements" ] }
58f7607298d943f27f173837024aab2191e0ced7
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In response to these markings, routers and switches use various queuing strategies to tailor performance to requirements. At the IP layer, DSCP markings use the 6 bits in the IP packet header. At the MAC layer, ...
In the field of telephony, quality of service was defined by the ITU in 1994. Quality of service comprises requirements on all the aspects of a connection, such as service response time, loss, signal-to-noise ratio, crosstalk, echo, interrupts, frequency response, loudness levels, and so on. A subset of telephony QoS i...
what is guaranteed with a subset of qos?
{ "answer_start": [ 955 ], "text": [ "bit rate, delay, delay variation, packet loss or bit error rates may be guaranteed" ] }
2a47396020fe7152a5c91c7f17bb1da798925c77
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In the field of telephony, quality of service was defined by the ITU in 1994. Quality of service comprises requirements on all the aspects of a connection, such as service response time, loss, signal-to-noise ra...
One compelling example of the need for QoS on the Internet relates to congestive collapse. The Internet relies on congestion avoidance protocols, as built into Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to reduce traffic under conditions that would otherwise lead to "meltdown". QoS applications, such as VoIP and IPTV, requir...
QoS applications require what two things to work properly?
{ "answer_start": [ 322 ], "text": [ "largely constant bitrates and low latency" ] }
48c9a54f75cea3ea028fd35c2b4a472aaf5e4dba
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. One compelling example of the need for QoS on the Internet relates to congestive collapse. The Internet relies on congestion avoidance protocols, as built into Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to reduce traf...
One compelling example of the need for QoS on the Internet relates to congestive collapse. The Internet relies on congestion avoidance protocols, as built into Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to reduce traffic under conditions that would otherwise lead to "meltdown". QoS applications, such as VoIP and IPTV, requir...
What limits internet traffic?
{ "answer_start": [ 470 ], "text": [ "QoS contracts" ] }
50ca65e6de66a0ca26c4c66d60e7d4f6f1f800d7
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. One compelling example of the need for QoS on the Internet relates to congestive collapse. The Internet relies on congestion avoidance protocols, as built into Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to reduce traf...
One compelling example of the need for QoS on the Internet relates to congestive collapse. The Internet relies on congestion avoidance protocols, as built into Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to reduce traffic under conditions that would otherwise lead to "meltdown". QoS applications, such as VoIP and IPTV, requir...
What does TCP stand for
{ "answer_start": [ 160 ], "text": [ "Transmission Control Protocol" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. One compelling example of the need for QoS on the Internet relates to congestive collapse. The Internet relies on congestion avoidance protocols, as built into Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), to reduce traf...
Routers supporting DiffServ configure their network scheduler to use multiple queues for packets awaiting transmission from bandwidth constrained (e.g., wide area) interfaces. Router vendors provide different capabilities for configuring this behavior, to include the number of queues supported, the relative priorities ...
How many queues do DiffServ routers have?
{ "answer_start": [ 69 ], "text": [ "multiple" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Routers supporting DiffServ configure their network scheduler to use multiple queues for packets awaiting transmission from bandwidth constrained (e.g., wide area) interfaces. Router vendors provide different ca...
Strong cryptography network protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer, I2P, and virtual private networks obscure the data transferred using them. As all electronic commerce on the Internet requires the use of such strong cryptography protocols, unilaterally downgrading the performance of encrypted traffic creates an unac...
Performance of encrypted traffic on the internet must be downgraded to perform what type of inspection for QoS?
{ "answer_start": [ 406 ], "text": [ "deep packet" ] }
8b31ed4d669c58006dcd23b5fbb2f5ed71c1dab8
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Strong cryptography network protocols such as Secure Sockets Layer, I2P, and virtual private networks obscure the data transferred using them. As all electronic commerce on the Internet requires the use of such...
The type of service (ToS) field in the IP(v4) header (now superseded by DiffServ)
What is an acronym for type of service?
{ "answer_start": [ 21 ], "text": [ "ToS" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The type of service (ToS) field in the IP(v4) header (now superseded by DiffServ) Question: What is an acronym for type of service?Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, V...
An established or immortalized cell line has acquired the ability to proliferate indefinitely either through random mutation or deliberate modification, such as artificial expression of the telomerase gene.
What thing composes the line?
{ "answer_start": [ 31 ], "text": [ "cell" ] }
037e8929e7e4d2f949ffbabd10f0f860499ff7c9
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. An established or immortalized cell line has acquired the ability to proliferate indefinitely either through random mutation or deliberate modification, such as artificial expression of the telomerase gene. Ques...
Cells that are cultured directly from a subject are known as primary cells. With the exception of some derived from tumors, most primary cell cultures have limited lifespan.
what do you call the cells cultured directly from the cells called?
{ "answer_start": [ 61 ], "text": [ "primary cells" ] }
6b60cf634b1c59f9cb48bccfe8bd2b28970d8602
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Cells that are cultured directly from a subject are known as primary cells. With the exception of some derived from tumors, most primary cell cultures have limited lifespan. Question: what do you call the cells ...
The 19th-century English physiologist Sydney Ringer developed salt solutions containing the chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium suitable for maintaining the beating of an isolated animal heart outside the body. In 1885, Wilhelm Roux removed a portion of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and ...
When did Roux remove some of his medullary plate?
{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "1885" ] }
4b36724f3cbde7c287bde512ff09194cbba7f932
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The 19th-century English physiologist Sydney Ringer developed salt solutions containing the chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium suitable for maintaining the beating of an isolated animal heart ...
The 19th-century English physiologist Sydney Ringer developed salt solutions containing the chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium suitable for maintaining the beating of an isolated animal heart outside the body. In 1885, Wilhelm Roux removed a portion of the medullary plate of an embryonic chicken and ...
When were cell culture techniques significantly advanced?
{ "answer_start": [ 677 ], "text": [ "the 1940s and 1950s" ] }
c8acddd587c933917a0a09a214aee83c30764a0d
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The 19th-century English physiologist Sydney Ringer developed salt solutions containing the chlorides of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium suitable for maintaining the beating of an isolated animal heart ...
The Mughal dynasty was established after the victory of Babur at Panipat in 1526. During his five-year reign, Babur took considerable interest in erecting buildings, though few have survived. His grandson Akbar built widely, and the style developed vigorously during his reign. Among his accomplishments were Agra Fort, ...
what year was Mughal dynasty established?
{ "answer_start": [ 76 ], "text": [ "1526" ] }
179cfa1786b78adce6971d822061bfd7317d5fe0
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The Mughal dynasty was established after the victory of Babur at Panipat in 1526. During his five-year reign, Babur took considerable interest in erecting buildings, though few have survived. His grandson Akbar ...
After the Uruguay round, the GATT became the basis for the establishment of the World Trade Organization. Because ratification of TRIPS is a compulsory requirement of World Trade Organization membership, any country seeking to obtain hard access to the numerous international markets opened by the World Trade Organizat...
What must be ratified if a country wishes to join the WTO?
{ "answer_start": [ 131 ], "text": [ "TRIPS" ] }
13e58403df16d88b0e2c665953e89575704942d4
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. After the Uruguay round, the GATT became the basis for the establishment of the World Trade Organization. Because ratification of TRIPS is a compulsory requirement of World Trade Organization membership, any co...
No unreasonable prejudice to the legitimate interests of the right holders of computer programs and patents is allowed.
What unreasonable protocol is not allowed?
{ "answer_start": [ 16 ], "text": [ "prejudice" ] }
59eab7ccd77f51111f49bb7d3f12c552491a07db
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. No unreasonable prejudice to the legitimate interests of the right holders of computer programs and patents is allowed. Question: What unreasonable protocol is not allowed?Please answer this question using any l...
Since TRIPS came into force, it has been subject to criticism from developing countries, academics, and non-governmental organizations. Though some of this criticism is against the WTO generally, many advocates of trade liberalisation also regard TRIPS as poor policy. TRIPS's wealth concentration effects (moving money ...
What part of the world criticized TRIPS the most?
{ "answer_start": [ 67 ], "text": [ "developing countries" ] }
d23b5372af1de9425a4ae313c01eb80764c910d8
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Since TRIPS came into force, it has been subject to criticism from developing countries, academics, and non-governmental organizations. Though some of this criticism is against the WTO generally, many advocates ...
TRIPS was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1984-1994. Its inclusion was the culmination of a program of intense lobbying by the United States, supported by the European Union, Japan and other developed nations. Campaigns of unilateral economic encouragement ...
What were the countries that supported TRIPS into inclusion?
{ "answer_start": [ 189 ], "text": [ "United States, supported by the European Union, Japan and other developed nations" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. TRIPS was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1984-1994. Its inclusion was the culmination of a program of intense lobbying by the United States, support...
Helmsley was being highlighted again in 1997, winning the 1997 King of the Ring tournament by defeating Mankind in the finals. Later that year, Shawn Michaels, Helmsley, Chyna and Rick Rude formed D-Generation X (DX). This stable became known for pushing the envelope, as Michaels and Helmsley made risqué promos—using t...
Whom did Helmsled had to defeat in order to win 1997 tournament?
{ "answer_start": [ 104 ], "text": [ "Mankind" ] }
91287c38ea477d87c2a73d1261de7b4d469dd292
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Helmsley was being highlighted again in 1997, winning the 1997 King of the Ring tournament by defeating Mankind in the finals. Later that year, Shawn Michaels, Helmsley, Chyna and Rick Rude formed D-Generation X...
In early 1994, Levesque signed a one-year contract with World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In his first televised match, Levesque debuted as a villain named Terror Risin', defeating Keith Cole. His ring name was soon modified to Terra Ryzing, which he used until mid-1994, when he was renamed Jean-Paul Lévesque. This g...
Did Levesque team up with Lord Steven Regl for more or less than one full year?
{ "answer_start": [ 609 ], "text": [ "Between late 1994 and early 1995" ] }
d77f36030c89012d009a5da03e27b0100baee6ab
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In early 1994, Levesque signed a one-year contract with World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In his first televised match, Levesque debuted as a villain named Terror Risin', defeating Keith Cole. His ring name wa...
In early 1994, Levesque signed a one-year contract with World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In his first televised match, Levesque debuted as a villain named Terror Risin', defeating Keith Cole. His ring name was soon modified to Terra Ryzing, which he used until mid-1994, when he was renamed Jean-Paul Lévesque. This g...
who left?
{ "answer_start": [ 800 ], "text": [ "Levesque" ] }
a77bbb92560d2cb8702ba4e2d320de5786f032a5
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In early 1994, Levesque signed a one-year contract with World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In his first televised match, Levesque debuted as a villain named Terror Risin', defeating Keith Cole. His ring name wa...
In early 1994, Levesque signed a one-year contract with World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In his first televised match, Levesque debuted as a villain named Terror Risin', defeating Keith Cole. His ring name was soon modified to Terra Ryzing, which he used until mid-1994, when he was renamed Jean-Paul Lévesque. This g...
What wrestling move did he use to end matches at this time?
{ "answer_start": [ 503 ], "text": [ "the Pedigree" ] }
1759d8fc858ca1947685cdb2850f6c206592ab44
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In early 1994, Levesque signed a one-year contract with World Championship Wrestling (WCW). In his first televised match, Levesque debuted as a villain named Terror Risin', defeating Keith Cole. His ring name wa...
Although the evidence against them was unconvincing, the accused were found guilty and condemned to death. George Boleyn and the other accused men were executed on 17 May 1536. William Kingston, the Constable of the Tower, reported Anne seemed very happy and ready to be done with life. Henry commuted Anne's sentence fr...
When was he executed?
{ "answer_start": [ 164 ], "text": [ "17 May 1536" ] }
bf5fb22aa696671cc36b680131c5fda37510fd5d
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Although the evidence against them was unconvincing, the accused were found guilty and condemned to death. George Boleyn and the other accused men were executed on 17 May 1536. William Kingston, the Constable of...
Anne's biographer Eric Ives (and most other historians) believe that her fall and execution were primarily engineered by her former ally Thomas Cromwell. The conversations between Chapuys and Cromwell thereafter indicate Cromwell as the instigator of the plot to remove Anne; evidence of this is seen in the Spanish Chro...
Why wasn't it possible for Henry Norris to be tortured?
{ "answer_start": [ 2194 ], "text": [ "being an aristocrat" ] }
c76c766248f9366fc31cc486c96f0f265d493074
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Anne's biographer Eric Ives (and most other historians) believe that her fall and execution were primarily engineered by her former ally Thomas Cromwell. The conversations between Chapuys and Cromwell thereafter...
Anne's family also profited from the relationship. Her father, already Viscount Rochford, was created Earl of Wiltshire. Henry also came to an arrangement with Anne's Irish cousin and created him Earl of Ormond. At the magnificent banquet to celebrate her father's elevation, Anne took precedence over the Duchesses of S...
How much was the annual pension?
{ "answer_start": [ 512 ], "text": [ "£100" ] }
65c95b881a95c81b5374439cea549d2879c1c757
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Anne's family also profited from the relationship. Her father, already Viscount Rochford, was created Earl of Wiltshire. Henry also came to an arrangement with Anne's Irish cousin and created him Earl of Ormond....
Anne's father continued his diplomatic career under Henry VIII. In Europe, Thomas Boleyn's charm won many admirers, including Margaret of Austria, daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. During this period, Margaret ruled the Netherlands on her nephew Charles's behalf and was so impressed with Boleyn that she off...
Who did Thomas Boleyn's charm win in Europe?
{ "answer_start": [ 126 ], "text": [ "Margaret of Austria, daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Anne's father continued his diplomatic career under Henry VIII. In Europe, Thomas Boleyn's charm won many admirers, including Margaret of Austria, daughter of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. During this period...
During this period, Anne Boleyn played an important role in England's international position by solidifying an alliance with France. She established an excellent rapport with the French ambassador, Gilles de la Pommeraie. Anne and Henry attended a meeting with the French king at Calais in winter 1532, in which Henry ho...
The marriage of Anne and Henry needed the support of which king?
{ "answer_start": [ 349 ], "text": [ "Francis I of France" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. During this period, Anne Boleyn played an important role in England's international position by solidifying an alliance with France. She established an excellent rapport with the French ambassador, Gilles de la ...
Henry VIII had Anne investigated for high treason in April 1536. On 2 May she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London, where she was tried before a jury of peers – which included Henry Percy, her former betrothed, and her own uncle, Thomas Howard – and found guilty on 15 May. She was beheaded four days later. Mode...
What was the name of the king that married Catherine of Aragon?
{ "answer_start": [ 983 ], "text": [ "Henry VIII" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Henry VIII had Anne investigated for high treason in April 1536. On 2 May she was arrested and sent to the Tower of London, where she was tried before a jury of peers – which included Henry Percy, her former bet...
Nevertheless, the infant princess was given a splendid christening, but Anne feared that Catherine's daughter, Mary, now stripped of her title of princess and labelled a bastard, posed a threat to Elizabeth's position. Henry soothed his wife's fears by separating Mary from her many servants and sending her to Hatfield ...
how many servants did it take to handle her personal needs?
{ "answer_start": [ 619 ], "text": [ "more than 250" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Nevertheless, the infant princess was given a splendid christening, but Anne feared that Catherine's daughter, Mary, now stripped of her title of princess and labelled a bastard, posed a threat to Elizabeth's po...
No contemporary portraits of Anne Boleyn survive. A bust of her was cast on a commemorative medallion in 1534, believed to have been struck to celebrate her second pregnancy.Following the coronation of her daughter as queen, Anne was venerated as a martyr and heroine of the English Reformation, particularly through the...
Elizabeth's mother is known as what?
{ "answer_start": [ 940 ], "text": [ "the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. No contemporary portraits of Anne Boleyn survive. A bust of her was cast on a commemorative medallion in 1534, believed to have been struck to celebrate her second pregnancy.Following the coronation of her daugh...
Public support remained with Queen Catherine. One evening in the autumn of 1531, Anne was dining at a manor house on the river Thames and was almost seized by a crowd of angry women. Anne just managed to escape by boat.When Archbishop of Canterbury William Warham died in 1532, the Boleyn family chaplain, Thomas Cranmer...
who did public support favor?
{ "answer_start": [ 29 ], "text": [ "Queen Catherine" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Public support remained with Queen Catherine. One evening in the autumn of 1531, Anne was dining at a manor house on the river Thames and was almost seized by a crowd of angry women. Anne just managed to escape ...
them, Geoffrey Boleyn, had been a mercer and wool merchant before becoming Lord Mayor. The Boleyn family originally came from Blickling in Norfolk, 15 miles (24 km) north of Norwich. At the time of Anne's birth, the Boleyn family was considered one of the most respected in the English aristocracy. Among her relatives, ...
What was Boleyn before he became Lord Mayor?
{ "answer_start": [ 32 ], "text": [ "a mercer and wool merchant" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. them, Geoffrey Boleyn, had been a mercer and wool merchant before becoming Lord Mayor. The Boleyn family originally came from Blickling in Norfolk, 15 miles (24 km) north of Norwich. At the time of Anne's birth,...
300 was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9, 2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and HD DVD on July 31, 2007. The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics, which included praise for its original visuals and style but criticism for its depiction of the Persians, which ...
Approximately how much money did this movie earn?
{ "answer_start": [ 419 ], "text": [ "over $450 million" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. 300 was released in both conventional and IMAX theaters in the United States on March 9, 2007, and on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and HD DVD on July 31, 2007. The film received mixed to positive reviews from critics, whi...
The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed ...
How many Spartans were there?
{ "answer_start": [ 66 ], "text": [ "300" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the batt...
The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed ...
Who was Sparta's wife?
{ "answer_start": [ 221 ], "text": [ "Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey)" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the batt...
The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the battle rages, Queen Gorgo (Lena Headey) attempts to rally support in Sparta for her husband. The story is framed ...
How many creatures were introduced in the narrative?
{ "answer_start": [ 480 ], "text": [ "300" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The plot revolves around King Leonidas (Gerard Butler), who leads 300 Spartans into battle against the Persian "God-King" Xerxes (Rodrigo Santoro) and his invading army of more than 300,000 soldiers. As the batt...
In April 2016, South Korea's population was estimated to be around 50.8 million by National Statistical Office, with continuing decline of working age population and total fertility rate. The country is noted for its population density, which was an estimated 505 per square kilometer in 2015, more than 10 times the glo...
How many millions of people lived in Ulsan?
{ "answer_start": [ 981 ], "text": [ "1.1" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In April 2016, South Korea's population was estimated to be around 50.8 million by National Statistical Office, with continuing decline of working age population and total fertility rate. The country is noted fo...
Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, noodles, tofu, vegetables, fish and meats. Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes, banchan (반찬), which accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice. Every meal is accompanied by numerous banchan. Kimchi (김치), a fermented, usually spicy vegetable dish is comm...
what is a kimchi?
{ "answer_start": [ 271 ], "text": [ "a fermented, usually spicy vegetable dish" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, noodles, tofu, vegetables, fish and meats. Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes, banchan (반찬), which accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice. ...
Korean cuisine, hanguk yori (한국요리; 韓國料理), or hansik (한식; 韓食), has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. There are many significant regional dishes that have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day. The Korean royal court cui...
what do regular and royal families consume?
{ "answer_start": [ 408 ], "text": [ "Meals" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Korean cuisine, hanguk yori (한국요리; 韓國料理), or hansik (한식; 韓食), has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. There are many significant regional dishes tha...
Korean cuisine, hanguk yori (한국요리; 韓國料理), or hansik (한식; 韓食), has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. There are many significant regional dishes that have proliferated in different variations across the country in the present day. The Korean royal court cui...
What is the Korean spelling for the word hanguk yori?
{ "answer_start": [ 28 ], "text": [ "(한국요리; 韓國料理" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Korean cuisine, hanguk yori (한국요리; 韓國料理), or hansik (한식; 韓食), has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Ingredients and dishes vary by province. There are many significant regional dishes tha...
On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), thus forfeiting their veto rights. This allowed the UN to intervene in a civil war when it became apparent tha...
When did a civil war happened between both Korean countries?
{ "answer_start": [ 3 ], "text": [ "June 25, 1950" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea, sparking the Korean War, the Cold War's first major conflict, which continued until 1953. At the time, the Soviet Union had boycotted the United Nations (UN), t...
South Korea hosted the Asian Games in 1986 (Seoul), 2002 (Busan) and 2014 (Incheon). It also hosted the Winter Universiade in 1997, the Asian Winter Games in 1999 and the Summer Universiade in 2003, 2015. In 1988, South Korea hosted the Summer Olympics in Seoul, coming fourth with 12 gold medals, 10 silver medals and 1...
What year did South Korea host the Olympics?
{ "answer_start": [ 208 ], "text": [ "1988" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. South Korea hosted the Asian Games in 1986 (Seoul), 2002 (Busan) and 2014 (Incheon). It also hosted the Winter Universiade in 1997, the Asian Winter Games in 1999 and the Summer Universiade in 2003, 2015. In 198...
South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.
What flanks the mountainous peninsula on the west?
{ "answer_start": [ 174 ], "text": [ "Yellow Sea" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea o...
South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan to the east. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea.
Which kind of land mass is it?
{ "answer_start": [ 56 ], "text": [ "Peninsula" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. South Korea occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100 km (680 mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea o...
South Korea shares its traditional culture with North Korea, but the two Koreas have developed distinct contemporary forms of culture since the peninsula was divided in 1945. Historically, while the culture of Korea has been heavily influenced by that of neighboring China, it has nevertheless managed to develop a uniqu...
Which year was the peninsula divided?
{ "answer_start": [ 169 ], "text": [ "1945" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. South Korea shares its traditional culture with North Korea, but the two Koreas have developed distinct contemporary forms of culture since the peninsula was divided in 1945. Historically, while the culture of K...
The country, including all its islands, lies between latitudes 33° and 39°N, and longitudes 124° and 130°E. Its total area is 100,032 square kilometers (38,622.57 sq mi).South Korea can be divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad c...
How much land area does the lowlands make up?
{ "answer_start": [ 634 ], "text": [ "30%" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The country, including all its islands, lies between latitudes 33° and 39°N, and longitudes 124° and 130°E. Its total area is 100,032 square kilometers (38,622.57 sq mi).South Korea can be divided into four gene...
The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. In the 1950s and 1960s, modern rules were standardized, with taekwondo becoming an official Olympic sport in 2000. Other Korean martial arts include Taekkyon, hapkido, Tang Soo Do, Kuk Sool Won, kumdo and subak.Football and baseball have traditionally been regarded as the ...
Where was taekwondo originally from?
{ "answer_start": [ 40 ], "text": [ "Korea" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The martial art taekwondo originated in Korea. In the 1950s and 1960s, modern rules were standardized, with taekwondo becoming an official Olympic sport in 2000. Other Korean martial arts include Taekkyon, hapki...
A chronic cough is often the first symptom to develop. Early on it may just occur occasionally or may not result in sputum. When a cough persists for more than three months each year for at least two years, in combination with sputum production and without another explanation, it is by definition chronic bronchitis. Ch...
What may occur in some cases of Chronic Bronchitis?
{ "answer_start": [ 487 ], "text": [ "cough may not be present or may only occur occasionally" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. A chronic cough is often the first symptom to develop. Early on it may just occur occasionally or may not result in sputum. When a cough persists for more than three months each year for at least two years, in c...
A chronic cough is often the first symptom to develop. Early on it may just occur occasionally or may not result in sputum. When a cough persists for more than three months each year for at least two years, in combination with sputum production and without another explanation, it is by definition chronic bronchitis. Ch...
What factors determine whether sputum is swallowed or spit out?
{ "answer_start": [ 694 ], "text": [ "social and cultural" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. A chronic cough is often the first symptom to develop. Early on it may just occur occasionally or may not result in sputum. When a cough persists for more than three months each year for at least two years, in c...
An acute exacerbation of COPD is defined as increased shortness of breath, increased sputum production, a change in the color of the sputum from clear to green or yellow, or an increase in cough in someone with COPD. They may present with signs of increased work of breathing such as fast breathing, a fast heart rate, s...
where are the crackles heard?
{ "answer_start": [ 485 ], "text": [ "over the lungs" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. An acute exacerbation of COPD is defined as increased shortness of breath, increased sputum production, a change in the color of the sputum from clear to green or yellow, or an increase in cough in someone with ...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The main symptoms include shortness of breath and cough with sputum production. COPD is a progressive disease, meaning it typically worsens over time. Eventually, everyday a...
Diagnosis of poor airflow included decreasing rates of smoking and what?
{ "answer_start": [ 1454 ], "text": [ "improving indoor and outdoor air quality" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The main symptoms include shortness of breath and cough with spu...
Globally, as of 2010, COPD affected approximately 329 million people (4.8% of the population). The disease affects men and women almost equally, as there has been increased tobacco use among women in the developed world. The increase in the developing world between 1970 and the 2000s is believed to be related to increa...
how has mortality changed between men and women in some countries?
{ "answer_start": [ 991 ], "text": [ "mortality has decreased in men but increased in women" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Globally, as of 2010, COPD affected approximately 329 million people (4.8% of the population). The disease affects men and women almost equally, as there has been increased tobacco use among women in the develop...
Globally, as of 2010, COPD affected approximately 329 million people (4.8% of the population). The disease affects men and women almost equally, as there has been increased tobacco use among women in the developed world. The increase in the developing world between 1970 and the 2000s is believed to be related to increa...
How many people in the US have COPD?
{ "answer_start": [ 1709 ], "text": [ "15 million" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Globally, as of 2010, COPD affected approximately 329 million people (4.8% of the population). The disease affects men and women almost equally, as there has been increased tobacco use among women in the develop...
Inhaled bronchodilators are the primary medications used, and result in a small overall benefit. The two major types are β2 agonists and anticholinergics; both exist in long-acting and short-acting forms. They reduce shortness of breath, wheeze, and exercise limitation, resulting in an improved quality of life. It is u...
what are the two major types of asthma?
{ "answer_start": [ 121 ], "text": [ "β2 agonists and anticholinergics" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Inhaled bronchodilators are the primary medications used, and result in a small overall benefit. The two major types are β2 agonists and anticholinergics; both exist in long-acting and short-acting forms. They r...
Inhaled bronchodilators are the primary medications used, and result in a small overall benefit. The two major types are β2 agonists and anticholinergics; both exist in long-acting and short-acting forms. They reduce shortness of breath, wheeze, and exercise limitation, resulting in an improved quality of life. It is u...
What is the duration of time that agonists are potent for?
{ "answer_start": [ 1223 ], "text": [ "four to six hours" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Inhaled bronchodilators are the primary medications used, and result in a small overall benefit. The two major types are β2 agonists and anticholinergics; both exist in long-acting and short-acting forms. They r...
Intense and prolonged exposure to workplace dusts, chemicals, and fumes increases the risk of COPD in both smokers and nonsmokers. Workplace exposure is believed to be the cause in 10–20% of cases. In the United States, it is believed that it is related to more than 30% of cases among those who have never smoked and pr...
10-20% of COPD cases come from where?
{ "answer_start": [ 131 ], "text": [ "Workplace exposure" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Intense and prolonged exposure to workplace dusts, chemicals, and fumes increases the risk of COPD in both smokers and nonsmokers. Workplace exposure is believed to be the cause in 10–20% of cases. In the United...
The most common symptoms of COPD are sputum production, shortness of breath, and a productive cough. These symptoms are present for a prolonged period of time and typically worsen over time. It is unclear whether different types of COPD exist. While previously divided into emphysema and chronic bronchitis, emphysema is...
What disease are professionals unclear if multiple iterations of exist?
{ "answer_start": [ 232 ], "text": [ "COPD" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The most common symptoms of COPD are sputum production, shortness of breath, and a productive cough. These symptoms are present for a prolonged period of time and typically worsen over time. It is unclear whethe...
The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking. Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD. In the United States and United Kingdom, of those with COPD, 80–95% are either current or previous smokers. The likelihood of developing COPD increa...
What percentage of people with COPD are current or former smokers (in the US and UK)?
{ "answer_start": [ 233 ], "text": [ "80–95%" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking. Of those who smoke, about 20% will get COPD, and of those who are lifelong smokers, about half will get COPD. In the United States and United Kingdom...
As of 2005, recombinant growth hormones available in the United States (and their manufacturers) included Nutropin (Genentech), Humatrope (Lilly), Genotropin (Pfizer), Norditropin (Novo), and Saizen (Merck Serono). In 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a version of rHGH called Omnitrope (Sandoz...
What company manufactured the first FDA approved rHGH?
{ "answer_start": [ 314 ], "text": [ "Sandoz" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. As of 2005, recombinant growth hormones available in the United States (and their manufacturers) included Nutropin (Genentech), Humatrope (Lilly), Genotropin (Pfizer), Norditropin (Novo), and Saizen (Merck Sero...
GH also stimulates, through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, formerly known as somatomedin C), a hormone homologous to proinsulin. The liver is a major target organ of GH for this process and is the principal site of IGF-1 production. IGF-1 has growth-stimulating ef...
What has a simulatory effect?
{ "answer_start": [ 492 ], "text": [ "IGF-1" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. GH also stimulates, through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, the production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, formerly known as somatomedin C), a hormone homologous to proinsulin. The liver is a major targe...
In the United States, it is legal to give a bovine GH to dairy cows to increase milk production, and is legal to use GH in raising cows for beef; see article on Bovine somatotropin, cattle feeding, dairy farming and the beef hormone controversy.
What substance encourages milk in bovine cows?
{ "answer_start": [ 44 ], "text": [ "bovine GH" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. In the United States, it is legal to give a bovine GH to dairy cows to increase milk production, and is legal to use GH in raising cows for beef; see article on Bovine somatotropin, cattle feeding, dairy farming...
Increased height during childhood is the most widely known effect of GH. Height appears to be stimulated by at least two mechanisms:
Growth hormone causes what to happen in childhood?
{ "answer_start": [ 0 ], "text": [ "Increased height" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Increased height during childhood is the most widely known effect of GH. Height appears to be stimulated by at least two mechanisms: Question: Growth hormone causes what to happen in childhood?Please answer thi...
Increases calcium retention, and strengthens and increases the mineralization of bone
What kind of retention is increased?
{ "answer_start": [ 10 ], "text": [ "calcium" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Increases calcium retention, and strengthens and increases the mineralization of bone Question: What kind of retention is increased?Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, ...
Prolonged GH excess thickens the bones of the jaw, fingers and toes, resulting heaviness of the jaw and increased size of digits, referred to as acromegaly. Accompanying problems can include sweating, pressure on nerves (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome), muscle weakness, excess sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin ...
What is an example of a condition where there is pressure on the nerves?
{ "answer_start": [ 226 ], "text": [ "carpal tunnel syndrome" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. Prolonged GH excess thickens the bones of the jaw, fingers and toes, resulting heaviness of the jaw and increased size of digits, referred to as acromegaly. Accompanying problems can include sweating, pressure o...
The major isoform of the human growth hormone is a protein of 191 amino acids and a molecular weight of 22,124 daltons. The structure includes four helices necessary for functional interaction with the GH receptor. It appears that, in structure, GH is evolutionarily homologous to prolactin and chorionic somatomammotrop...
Which hormone is also found in the pituitary gland?
{ "answer_start": [ 246 ], "text": [ "GH" ] }
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Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. The major isoform of the human growth hormone is a protein of 191 amino acids and a molecular weight of 22,124 daltons. The structure includes four helices necessary for functional interaction with the GH recept...
These cells release the peptides Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH or somatocrinin) and Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH or somatostatin) into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pituitary.
What is another name for the hormone-inhibiting hormone?
{ "answer_start": [ 136 ], "text": [ "somatostatin" ] }
0a0640e068db64a10de71c2367b550d7bd02d3c5
Please answer this question using any language except English: Spanish, Hindi, Vietnamese, Chinese, Arabic. These cells release the peptides Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH or somatocrinin) and Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH or somatostatin) into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pitu...
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