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72073924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovated%20Holdings%2C%20Inc. | Innovated Holdings, Inc. | Innovated Holdings, Inc, doing business as Sitcomm Arbitration Association, is a "pirate" arbitration company located in Wyoming and associated with the sovereign citizen movement. It has been identified as a "sham" by courts, having filed "fraudulent arbitration awards in several states", and the Anti-Defamation League's Center on Extremism characterises it as "the largest promoter of fraudulent arbitration".
A 2021 ruling by the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit upheld a District Court finding vacating an award made by Sitcomm on the grounds that there was no evidence of a valid arbitration agreement between the parties. In another case, United States Magistrate Judge N. Reid Neureiter described Sitcomm's modus operandi thus:
The process was unilateral, as the City of Loveland had never agreed to participate in an arbitration with Matios. The "Notice of arbitration hearing" sent to the city also failed to specify the location for the purported "hearing". The supposed arbitrator in this case was identified as Bret "Eeon" Jones, a convicted sex offender and sovereign citizen who was sentenced in 2019 to three years and eight months in prison for failing to register as a sex offender, and driving without a valid licence. Although the City of Loveland had responded several times by specifying that it did not intend to participate in the arbitration, Sitcomm eventually issued a "Final Arbitration Award" ordering the city to pay $300 million to Matios.
In an article in the Minnesota Law Review, the case of Teverbaugh v. Lima One Capital was analysed: "It was—as another federal judge would later proclaim—“unlike any other [that] this [c]ourt has ever seen.”", consisting of "a bizarre jumble of inconsistent, nonsensical word salad". The tactics of Sitcomm are described in detail. Lima One was asserted by the purported arbitrator as having accepted the case "by silence". The award made no mention of underlying facts, but instead contained "cryptic references to the Uniform Commercial Code" (a hallmark of SovCit practices). Having been rebuffed in court, Teverbaugh filed another claim in Illinois, listing "A.M.T. Design" as plaintiff, and also filed in Mississippi. She also filed separate Sitcomm arbitration claims in her favour in Illinois and Indiana, with similar language.
In August 2021, Sitcomm was held jointly and severally liable for a $1,384,371.24 fine in a default judgment for violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO).
Further reading
PennyMac Loan Services, LLC v. Innovated Holdings, Inc. (2:19-cv-00193) at CourtListener
Marlon Pena v. TD Auto Finance LLC, decision of US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
New Sovereign Citizen Bogus “Arbitration” Tactics Appearing in Many States, Anti-Defamation League
References
Arbitration
Arbitration by country
Finance fraud
Fraud in the United States
Sovereign citizen movement |
47145213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoky%20%281966%20film%29 | Smoky (1966 film) | Smoky is a 1966 American Western film, directed by George Sherman and starring Fess Parker, Diana Hyland, Katy Jurado and Hoyt Axton. The third of three film adaptations of the 1926 novel Smoky the Cowhorse by Will James, it utilizes the screenplay from the 1946 film.
It earned rentals in the US and Canada of $4 million.
Synopsis
A cowboy finds, captures, and patiently trains a black wild stallion. They develop a bond that is ultimately unbreakable. The cowboy's brother, however, needing money to pay off gambling debts signed in his brother's name, tries to trade the horse sneakily. While trying to sneak him out of his pen at night, the horse senses something is wrong and struggles against the brother and in the process accidentally kills him, before running off. The cowboy goes looking for him, fearing others will kill the horse over its reputation. Sadly he does not find him. The cowboy joins the Marines shortly after and the horse eventually is sold to perform on the rodeo circuit and then to a junk dealer. After the cowboy returns from military service, he sets out to find his beloved horse and the pair is soon reunited. A love story between the cowboy and the female ranch owner plays out under the radar.
Cast
Fess Parker as Clint
Diana Hyland as Julie
Katy Jurado as Maria
Hoyt Axton as Fred
Robert J. Wilke as Jeff
Armando Silvestre as Gordon
Jose Hector Galindo as Manuel
Jorge Martínez de Hoyos as Pepe
Ted White as Abbott
Chuck Roberson as Cowboy
Bob Terhune as Cowboy (as Robert Terhune)
Jack Williams as Cowboy
Reception
According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $2,100,000 in rentals to break even and made $1,675,000, meaning it made a loss.
References
External links
1966 films
1966 Western (genre) films
20th Century Fox films
Remakes of American films
American Western (genre) films
1960s English-language films
Films about horses
Films based on children's books
Films based on Western (genre) novels
Films directed by George Sherman
Films scored by Leith Stevens
Films set in the 1940s
Films shot in Mexico
Films with screenplays by Dorothy Yost
1960s American films |
53041130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1774%20in%20Germany | 1774 in Germany | Events from the year 1774 in Germany.
Establishments
Philanthropinum
Births
Ferdinand Oechsle
Gottfried Daniel Krummacher
Ferdinand Weerth
Johann Jakob Bernhardi
Johann Wilhelm Andreas Pfaff
Deaths
Johann Heinrich Zopf
Karl Heinrich von Bogatzky
Johann Georg Schröpfer
Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich
Johann Jakob Reiske
Susanne von Klettenberg
1770s in the Holy Roman Empire |
75017681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973%20Carroll%20Fighting%20Saints%20football%20team | 1973 Carroll Fighting Saints football team | The 1973 Carroll Fighting Saints football team represented Carroll College as a member of the Frontier Conference during the 1973 NAIA Division II football season. In their third season under head coach Bob Petrino Sr., the Fighting Saints compiled a 7–0 record (4–0 against conference opponents), outscored opponents by a total of 186 to 93, and won the Frontier Conference championship. The team was ranked No. 8 in the final NAIA Division II poll.
The 1973 season was the second perfect season in Carroll College football history, a feat also accomplished by the 1931, 2003, 2005, and 2007 teams.
Schedule
Players
Eleven Carroll players were selected as first-team players on the 1973 all-Frontier Conference football team. The honorees were:
Mike Malloch, center, junior, 6'4", 245 pounds
Armando Barragan, guard, junior, 6'3", 230 pounds
Ed Robinson, offensive tackle, junior, 6'3", 235 pounds
Dan English, tight end, junior, 6'1", 220 pounds
Dan Rambo, running back, junior, 5'10", 200 pounds
Walt Chancy, wide receiver, junior, 6'3", 185 pounds
Randy Triplett, defensive tackle, junior, 5'11" 200 pounds
Dick Canty, defensive end, senior, 6'4" 225 pounds
Jim Kelly, linebacker, senior, 5'9", 196 pounds
Rich McElmurry, defensive back, junior, 5'9", 196 pounds
Bob Applegate, defensive back, senior, 5'10", 190 pounds
The team had four captains: senior linebacker Jim Kelly; senior defensive end Dick Canty; junior running back Dan Rambo; and junior guard Armando Barragan.
References
Carroll Fighting Saints football
Carroll Fighting Saints football seasons
College football undefeated seasons
Carroll Fighting Saints football |
10636414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiehallion%20oilfield | Schiehallion oilfield | The Schiehallion oilfield is a deepwater offshore oilfield approximately west of the Shetland Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. The Schiehallion and adjacent Loyal field were jointly developed by BP on behalf of the Schiehallion field partners; BP, Shell, Amerada Hess, Murphy Oil, Statoil and OMV, and the Loyal field partners; BP and Shell.
The Schiehallion field, together with Foinaven, Clair, Lancaster and Solan fields, forms the frontier area generally termed as the West of Shetland.
Field development
Schiehallion field was discovered in 1993 by the semi-submersible drilling vessel Ocean Alliance while drilling the third exploration well in block 204 (well 204-3). The field is located in blocks 204/20 and 204/25 of the United Kingdom Continental Shelf in a water depth of . Recoverable oil reserves of Schiehallion are estimated to be between . Schiehallion is named after a mountain in the highlands.
During 1994 and 1995 an appraisal of Schiehallion and Loyal was carried out, culminating in a successful extended well test, which demonstrated well rates of up to . The combined development of the Schiehallion and Loyal fields was sanctioned in April 1996 and the oil production started on 29 July 1998.
The design and construction of the Schiehallion FPSO vessel was contracted to the Atlantic Frontier Alliance, an ad hoc contracting consortium consisting of Harland and Wolff, SBM Offshore, and Brown and Root. The vessel was designed as a simple barge form, with a length similar to a Suezmax tanker. The contract was placed in June 1995. The vessel was constructed at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, and handed over to operator BP on 31 December 1997. The vessel has a dead-weight of , a processing capacity of , and a storage capacity of .
Process description
Oil and gas are produced from subsea wells via manifolds and rigid flowlines to a location underneath the vessel. From this point, flexible risers carry the production stream to the Schiehallion FPSO vessel. There are 42 subsea wells in total in five clusters with peak production rates of around .
Well fluid from the production swivels was routed to two parallel oil production trains. Fluid was first routed to a horizontal Slug Catcher vessel which allowed slugs of liquid formed in the flowlines to be retained and fed forward at a steady controlled rate. The oil from the Slug Catcher was heated and routed to the horizontal 3-phase (oil, gas and produced water) First Stage Separator. Gas from the Slug Catcher was also routed to the First Stage Separator but without heating. Separated oil from the First Stage Separator was further heated then routed to the horizontal 3-phase Second Stage Separator. From here oil was then transferred to an Electrostatic Coalescer where further produced water was removed from the oil stream. Oil from the Coalescer was cooled and transferred to the oil storage tanks. Gas from the First Stage Separator is routed to the high pressure (HP) compression and gas from the Second Stage Separator is routed to the low pressure (LP) compression. Produced water from the First Stage Separator flows to hydrocyclones where oil is removed prior to overboard disposal. Co-mingled produced water from the Second Stage Separator and Coalescer is pumped back to the inlet of the First Stage Separator. A test separator is also provided for well testing. Oil is routed to one of the Second Stage Separators and separated gas to the low pressure (LP) or high pressure (HP) compression trains. Vapour from both Train A and Train B Second Stage Separators was compressed in the common LP Compressor and mixed with vapour from the First Stage Separators. There were two further stages of compression in the HP First Stage Gas Compressor and the HP Second Stage Gas Compressor. Gas was cooled in the HP Second Stage Aftercooler and dehydrated by counter current contact with Glycol in the Glycol Contactor. From here a side stream of gas was taken for fuel gas to the power generators and for use as blanket, purge and pilot gas. The remaining gas was compressed in the HP Third Stage Gas Compressor, after cooling the gas was used for gas lift for the subsea wells. Some of the gas was further compressed in the HP Gas Injection Compressor and injected back into the reservoir via the gas injection well, or export by pipeline. There were also facilities for importing gas for use as fuel gas after heating and pressure reduction.
Oil is exported primarily to the Sullom Voe Terminal by the dynamically positioned shuttle tanker Loch Rannoch delivered in August 1998, and operated by BP Shipping.
Produced natural gas is partly used to power the vessel. The rest of the gas is exported through the West of Shetland pipeline to the Sullom Voe Terminal. Some of the exported gas is used as fuel in the Fortum operated Sullom Voe power station. The remainder is enriched with liquefied petroleum gas and exported to the Magnus platform for enhanced oil recovery in Magnus field.
Production Redevelopment
After more than a decade working in the harsh North Atlantic, the Schiehallion FPSO was in a poor condition, and required significant maintenance and repairs, which could only be performed in the summer season because of the hostile weather in the region. The increased water production was affecting the composition of the production fluids, and the FPSO processing system was becoming very constrained by the high water volume. As a consequence, Production was suspended at the start of 2013 to allow preparation for a £3 billion redevelopment of the greater Schiehallion field area. An FPSO, (the Glen Lyon), new seabed infrastructure and subsea technology will play a major part in the redevelopment of these fields, as will the use of a new enhanced oil recovery scheme. Due to come onstream in 2016, the redevelopment will extend production from the hub beyond 2035.
The Schiehallion and Loyal fields have produced nearly 400 million barrels of oil since production started in 1998 and an estimated 450 million barrels of resource is still available, more than was originally thought. The Schiehallion FPSO was sold to a third-party and eventually sent to Alang shipbreaking yard in India, which is notorious for the unsafe disposal of vessels and materials related to the oil and gas industry.
The Glen Lyon began producing on 15 May 2017.
See also
List of oil and gas fields of the North Sea
References
External links
Schiehallion field (BP website)
Oil fields west of Shetland
BP oil and gas fields |
51683393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbacterium%20chocolatum | Microbacterium chocolatum | Microbacterium chocolatum is a bacterium from the genus Microbacterium.
References
Further reading
External links
Type strain of Microbacterium chocolatum at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Bacteria described in 1998
chocolatum |
25501091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster%20Medical%20Journal | Ulster Medical Journal | The Ulster Medical Journal is an international general medical journal which publishes contributions on all areas of medical and surgical specialties relevant to a general medical readership. It retains a focus on material relevant to the health of the Northern Ireland population. All manuscripts are independently refereed.
It is owned and published by the Ulster Medical Society, itself founded in 1862 with the amalgamation of the Belfast Medical Society (founded 1806) and the Belfast Clinical and Pathological Society (founded 1853) The Ulster Medical Journal is a successor to the "Transactions of the Ulster Medical Society", published from 1862 to 1929 and, the "Transactions of the Belfast Clinical and Pathological Society", published from 1854 to 1860.
The journal follows guidelines on editorial independence, produced by the World Association of Medical Editors, and the code of good practice of the Committee on Publication Ethics.
Production
The journal is published in January, May and September, by the Ulster Medical Society, and typeset and printed in the UK by Dorman and Sons Ltd, Belfast. Costs for institutional and personal subscriptions are shown on the Subscription page.
Editors
2020 - : Michael Trimble (Honorary Assistant Editors: Philip Toner and Ian Wallace)
2015-2020 : John Purvis
2005-2015 : Patrick Morrison
1995-2005 : Mark Gibson
1984-1995 : David Hadden
1975-1984 : Desmond Montgomery (Co-Editor)
1952-1984 : John Morison
1948-1951 : Bill Strain (Co-Editor)
1943-1951 : Robert Marshall
1932-1942 : Richard Hunter
History
The first issue of the Ulster Medical Journal was published on 1 January 1932. The editorial board consisted of the following medical luminaries:
Initial Editorial Board
Professor W.W.D. Thomson,
Professor Andrew Fullerton,
Professor R. Johnstone and H.J. Ritchie
Initial Acting Editor
Richard H. Hunter
Indexing and citations
The full archive of the journal is available in PubMedCentral and the content is indexed in PubMed/Medline.
Current issues and archival material is also available through the Ulster Medical Society website, [www.ums.ac.uk/issue.html].
References
References
General medical journals
Academic journals established in 1932
1932 establishments in Northern Ireland
English-language journals
Academic journals published by learned and professional societies |
23970220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altinho%2C%20Pernambuco | Altinho, Pernambuco | Altinho is a municipality/city in the state of Pernambuco in Brazil. The population in 2020, according with IBGE was 22,984 inhabitants and the total area is 452.52 km2.
Geography
State - Pernambuco
Region - Agreste of Pernambuco
Boundaries - Caruaru and São Caetano (N); Cupira, Panelas and Ibirajuba (S); Agrestina (E); Cachoeirinha (W).
Area - 452.52 km2
Elevation - 454 m
Hydrography - Una and Ipojuca rivers
Vegetation - Caatinga hiperxerófila
Clima - semi arid hot
Annual average temperature - 23.1 c
Distance to Recife - 163 km
Economy
The main economic activities in Altinho are related with commerce and agribusiness, especially creations of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and chickens.
Economic Indicators
Economy by Sector
2006
Health Indicators
References
Municipalities in Pernambuco |
32433555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFK%3A%203%20Shots%20That%20Changed%20America | JFK: 3 Shots That Changed America | JFK: 3 Shots That Changed America is an American historical documentary about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. It premiered on The History Channel on Sunday, October 11, 2009 and was released on DVD on January 26, 2010.
Overview
The film is an unnarrated collection of archived news and home movie footage shot as events unfolded, some of it rarely seen. Part one deals with the time from President Kennedy's arrival in Dallas on November 22, 1963 through the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald less than 48 hours later.
Part two deals with the Warren Commission, its critics and those who suspect a conspiracy, the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy in 1968 and the turmoil that followed, and the continuing doubt about the assassinations and the effects this has had on American society.
Awards
The film won the FOCAL International Award for Best Use of Footage In Factual Productions.
See also
Assassination of John F. Kennedy in popular culture
References
External links
2009 television films
2009 films
2009 documentary films
American documentary films
American black-and-white films
Documentary films about conspiracy theories
Documentary films about the assassination of John F. Kennedy
History (American TV channel) original programming
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
6038349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Johnson%20%28journalist%29 | Tom Johnson (journalist) | Wyatt Thomas Johnson (born September 30, 1941) is an American journalist and media executive, best known for serving as president of Cable News Network (CNN) during the 1990s and, before that, as publisher of the Los Angeles Times newspaper. He was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1976 to 1980. In addition, Johnson is a long-time member of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Foundation board of trustees and a former member of the Rockefeller Foundation board of trustees.
Biography
Johnson was born on September 30, 1941, in Macon, Georgia and graduated from Lanier High School. While in high school, he began working at the Macon Telegraph newspaper. He went on to earn a bachelor's degree from the University of Georgia's Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication and a master's from Harvard Business School, both of which were largely financed by his employers at the Telegraph. President Lyndon B. Johnson (no relation) tapped Johnson as a White House Fellow, but he accepted only after being encouraged by the Telegraph'''s publisher and assured he had no further obligation to the paper.
LBJ
On the evening of April 4, 1968, it was Tom Johnson who walked into the Oval Office to hand President Johnson the news that Martin Luther King Jr. had been shot (it would be another hour before doctors in Memphis, Tennessee declared King dead). In the Oval Office with President Johnson at the time were former Georgia Governor Carl Sanders and former Coca-Cola CEO (and still a Board Member) Robert W. Woodruff. Tom Johnson shared that President Johnson signed the note and gave it to Governor Sanders. Johnson has said that one of his remaining goals in life is to obtain that signed news note from the Sanders estate and give it to the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum.
He worked in various positions in the Johnson administration and continued to work for the former President after he retired to Texas. As "Thinking Big" by Robert Gottlieb and Irene Wolf noted in 1977, "when Lyndon Johnson returned to Texas in 1969, he brought Tom Johnson along to serve as executive assistant in charge of LBJ's Texas Broadcasting Company."
The same book also revealed that in 1970 the then-30-year-old Tom Johnson was elected executive vice-president of LBJ's Texas Broadcasting Company and "he joined the board of directors of the City National Bank of Austin, headed up LBJ's Austin station KTBC, and participated in the town's business-dominated civic groups."
The Austin TV station which Tom Johnson headed in the 1970s was profitable because LBJ "had friends in high places among those who controlled the broadcast industry," according to a 1978 book by another former LBJ aide, Bobby Baker, titled "Wheeling And Dealing: Confessions of a Capitol Hill Operator". The same book also revealed that "it is no accident that Austin, TX, was for years the only city of its size with only one television station" and "LBJ demanded, and received, the opportunity to pick and choose programs for his monopoly station from among those offered by all three of the major networks." "Wheeling And Dealing" also points out that "no other television station in America had such a unique and cozy arrangement" as the LBJ-owned KTBC station which Tom Johnson used to head for LBJ.
Eight and a half minutes into the January 22, 1973 broadcast of the CBS Evening News, Tom Johnson placed a direct call to Walter Cronkite to inform him of the death of Lyndon Johnson. CBS cut away from a pre-recorded report on the progressing Vietnam peace talks in Paris back to the CBS newsroom where Cronkite was on the phone receiving the information from Tom Johnson. A moment later, Cronkite asked Johnson to stay on the line, then he reported the death of the former U.S. president to the television audience.
Los Angeles Times
After Lyndon Johnson's death, Tom Johnson again moved into journalism, eventually becoming publisher of the Dallas Times Herald in 1975. From there, he moved on to the Los Angeles Times'', where he served as president and later publisher during a thirteen-year stint.
CNN
In 1990, Johnson moved from print to television, as CNN founder Ted Turner asked him to serve as the third president of the news channel. Johnson succeeded outgoing CNN president, Burt Reinhardt. Johnson's first year saw the outbreak of the Persian Gulf War, an event that helped place CNN firmly in the public consciousness. He ran CNN until his retirement in 2001, presiding over both triumphant and controversial moments in the history of the network. Walter Isaacson succeeded Johnson as the president of CNN in July 2001.
Johnson was present in the room, when Mikhail Gorbachev signed his resignation letter on 25 December 1991, thereby dissolving the USSR. Gorbachev's pen failed, and Johnson lent him his. After signing, Gorbachev was about to put the pen in his pocket, but Johnson, realising the historic significance, quickly asked to have his pen back.
Johnson later publicly revealed a long battle with depression that he was able to control with medication. Johnson had previously kept the condition private, though he told Turner when he was offered the CNN position.
Accolades
1995: Golden Plate Award, American Academy of Achievement
1999: Paul White Award, Radio Television Digital News Association
1999: Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism.
References
External links
Image of Tom Johnson, publisher of the Los Angeles Times, speaking at the Washington Journalism Center, 1981. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.
1941 births
Living people
Presidents of CNN
American male journalists
CNN executives
Writers from Macon, Georgia
University of Georgia alumni
Harvard Business School alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
White House Fellows |
11074373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Steer | Irene Steer | Irene Steer (10 August 1889 – 18 April 1977) was a Welsh freestyle swimmer. She is one of only six Welsh women who have won Olympic gold medals, the others being Nicole Cooke (cycling, 2008), Jade Jones (taekwondo, 2012, 2016), Hannah Mills (sailing 2016, 2020), Elinor Barker (cycling, 2016) and Lauren Price (boxing, 2020). In 1912, Steer won a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay and failed to reach the final of the individual 100 m race.
Steer started as a breaststroke swimmer, but in 1908–1909 changed to crawl. After retiring from competitions she married William Nicholson, director and chairman of Cardiff City F.C. They had three daughters and one son.
See also
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
World record progression 4 × 100 metres freestyle relay
References
1889 births
1977 deaths
Welsh female freestyle swimmers
Welsh female swimmers
Olympic swimmers for Great Britain
Swimmers at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
World record setters in swimming
Welsh Olympic medallists
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Cardiff
Olympic gold medalists in swimming |
186153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assonance | Assonance | Assonance is a resemblance in the sounds of words/syllables either between their vowels (e.g., meat, bean) or between their consonants (e.g., keep, cape). However, assonance between consonants is generally called consonance in American usage. The two types are often combined, as between the words six and switch, in which the vowels are identical, and the consonants are similar but not completely identical. If there is repetition of the same vowel or some similar vowels in literary work, especially in stressed syllables, this may be termed "vowel harmony" in poetry (though linguists have a different definition of "vowel harmony").
A special case of assonance is rhyme, in which the endings of words (generally beginning with the vowel sound of the last stressed syllable) are identical—as in fog and log or history and mystery. Vocalic assonance is an important element in verse. Assonance occurs more often in verse than in prose; it is used in English-language poetry and is particularly important in Old French, Spanish, and the Celtic languages.
Examples
English poetry is rich with examples of assonance and/or consonance:
It also occurs in prose:
Hip hop relies on assonance:
It is also heard in other forms of popular music:
Assonance is common in proverbs:
Total assonance is found in a number of Pashto proverbs from Afghanistan:
La zra na bal zra ta laar shta. "From one heart to another there is a way."
Kha ghar lwar day pa sar laar lary. "Even if a mountain is very high, there is a path to the top."
This poetic device can be found in the first line of Homer's Iliad: (). Another example is Dies irae (probably by Thomas of Celano):
Dies iræ, dies illa
Solvet sæclum in favilla,
Teste David cum Sibylla.
In Dante's Divine Comedy there are some stanzas with such repetition.
così l’animo mio, ch’ancor fuggiva,
si volse a retro a rimirar lo passo
che non lasciò già mai persona viva.
In the following strophe from Hart Crane's "To Brooklyn Bridge" there is the vowel [i] in many stressed syllables.
How many dawns, chill from his rippling rest
The seagull’s wings shall dip and pivot him,
Shedding white rings of tumult, building high
Over the chained bay waters Liberty—
All rhymes in a strophe can be linked by vowel harmony into one assonance. Such stanzas can be found in Italian or Portuguese poetry, in works by Giambattista Marino and Luís Vaz de Camões:
Giunto a quel passo il giovinetto Alcide,
che fa capo al camin di nostra vita,
trovò dubbio e sospeso infra due guide
una via, che’ due strade era partita.
Facile e piana la sinistra ei vide,
di delizie e piacer tutta fiorita;
l’altra vestìa l’ispide balze alpine
di duri sassi e di pungenti spine.
This is ottava rima (abababcc), a very popular form in Renaissance, used in the first place in long epic poems.
As armas e os barões assinalados,
Que da ocidental praia Lusitana,
Por mares nunca de antes navegados,
Passaram ainda além da Taprobana,
Em perigos e guerras esforçados,
Mais do que prometia a força humana,
E entre gente remota edificaram
Novo Reino, que tanto sublimaram;
There are many examples of vowel harmony in French, Czech, and Polish poetry.
See also
Alliteration
Literary consonance
References
External links
Assonance, American Rhetoric: Rhetorical Figures in Sound
Assonance, Modern & Contemporary American Poetry, University of Pennsylvania
Definition of Assonance, Elements of Poetry, VirtuaLit
Further reading
Roman Jakobson, Jennifer Rowsell, Kate Pahl (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Literacy Studies, p. 427.
Jan Mukařovský, John Odmark, Language, Literature and Meaning, p. 27.
Poetic devices |
43832977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Paxos | Battle of Paxos | The Battle of Paxos was a naval battle between a coalition of Illyrian federation with their Acarnanian allies, against the allies of Corcyra (modern Corfu), the Achaean League and Aetolian League. The battle took place in the spring of 229 BC and was a direct consequence to the siege of Corcyra by the forces of queen Teuta.
Polybius describes a cunning maritime stratagem mastered by the Illyrian fleet. The Illyrians took four triremes and sank a quinquereme, while the rest of the Greeks managed to escape. This resulted in the Illyrian forces establishing a garrison in Corcyra, under one of the queen's commanders.
Illyrian offensive
In 231 BC, an Illyrian army, returning north from a raid in the Peloponnese, captured the Epirote city of Phoenice in a surprise attack. After a further defeat in battle, the leaders of the Epirote League lost heart and, although the Illyrian forces were soon recalled to deal with a rebellion in the north following the death of their king, the Epirotes resolved to come to terms with the Barbarians and accept the Ardiaean Kingdom as their new ally against their former protectors from Achaea and Aetolia.
Regent of the Illyrian kingdom became Teuta, the king's widow, who pursued a plan to raid more of the independent Greek colonies on the Adriatic coast; but while she besieged Issa in 230 BC, she made a fatal error when she killed an ambassador of the Roman Republic. This action led to the Illyro-Roman Wars.
Siege of Corcyra
In the spring of 229 BC, queen Teuta fitted out a larger fleet of ships than her previous expeditions and dispatched them to the Greek coasts. Some of them sailed to Corcyra, while another party anchored in the harbour of Epidamnos, professedly to seek water and provision, but really with the design of surprising and seizing the city. After a failed attempt on the city, the Illyrian commanders hastened to get under way and, catching up with the rest of the flotilla, bore down on Corcyra.
The Illyrian army landed on the island and laid siege to the city. Upon this the Corcyreans, in the utmost distress and despondency, sent, together with the peoples of Apollonia and Epidamnos, envoys to the Achaeans and Aetolians, imploring them to hasten to their relief and not allow them to be driven from their home by the Illyrians. The two Leagues, after listening to the envoys, consented to their request, and both joined in manning the 10 decked ships belonging to the Achaeans. In a few days they were ready and sailed for Corcyra in a hope of raising the siege.
Naval battle
The Illyrians, now reinforced by seven decked ships sent by the Acarnanians in compliance with the terms of their treaty, encountered the Achaean fleet off the island of Paxos. The Acarnanians and those Achaean ships which were told off to engage them fought with no advantage on either side, remaining undamaged in their encounter except for wounds inflicted on some of the crew.
The Illyrians lashed their ships in batches of four and thus engaged the enemy. They sacrificed their own ships, presenting them broadside to their adversaries in a position favouring their charge, but when the enemy's ships had charged and struck them and getting fixed in them found themselves in difficulty. In each case the four ships lashed together were hanging on their beaks, while the Illyrians leapt on the decks of the Achaean ships and overtook them by their numbers. In this way they captured four quadriremes and sunk with all hands a quinquereme, on board of which was Margos of Keryneia.
Capitulation of Corcyra
Highly elated by their success, the Illyrians continued the siege of Corcyra with more security and confidence. The Corcyreans, whose hopes were crushed by the repulse of their allies and after enduring the siege for a short time longer, came to terms with the Illyrians. As a result, Corcyra received a garrison under the command of Demetrius of Pharos. After this the Illyrian commanders sailed off immediately and coming to anchor at Epidamnos, set yet another siege to city.
Aftermath
After these developments the alliance between the Achaeans and the Aetolians collapsed. Some historians claim that this was due to the battle of Paxos, but others believe that it was a result of events that occurred in the Peloponnesus. Holding Corcyra, the Illyrians were now in a key position that allowed to intercept the entire trade on the sea routes between Greece, Italy and Sicily, which made a reaction by the major powers inevitable. The Romans were already preparing their first intervention on the opposite coast of the Adriatic, and soon after the previous events their fleet was able to take possession of Corcyra. Decisive help to this purpose was not only offered by the Corcyreans themselves, but also by the Illyrian governor Demetrius, who betrayed his own garrison into the hands of the Romans. The armies of the consuls then went on to conquer Apollonia and relieve Epidamnos (soon renamed Dyrrhachium), thus establishing the first Roman foothold on the Illyrian mainland.
References
Sources
229 BC
220s BC conflicts
Ancient Corcyra
Paxos
Paxos
Paxos
Paxos |
34954510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Military%20Chiefs%20of%20Chaplains%20Conference | International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference | The International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference is an organization of the principal leaders of the national groups of military chaplains. Begun as a conference of the heads of chaplaincies of countries in the NATO alliance, it has expanded its participation.
In February 1990, the United States European Command (USEUCOM) convened and hosted a NATO Chiefs of Chaplains Conference, in Stuttgart, Germany. In 1991, a second conference took place in Church House, British Army of the Rhine, Lübbecke, Germany. During its discussions, the conference title was changed to the North America/European Chiefs of Chaplains Conference. Participants also discussed the possibility of expanding the forum to include countries from the former Warsaw Pact. The following year, in February 1992, the conference was held for the first time in a location outside of Germany, taking place in Rome, Italy. The conference was co-sponsored by USEUCOM and the Italian Ministry of Defense. Co-sponsorship by USEUCOM and the Ministry of Defense of the conference host nation became the model for future conferences. Additionally, the conference title was changed to the "International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference".
In later years, the conference further expanded to include chiefs of chaplains from other nations within the USEUCOM area of responsibility, an area that included many nations in Africa before the establishment of the United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM). Eventually, any chief of chaplains (or chaplain general, an equivalent term used by many nations) was welcomed from any nation's military, and the conference soon included participants from countries as far away from the USEUCOM headquarters as Australia and South Korea. Additionally, some nations that did not have military chaplains began to send representatives involved with issues of religion for military personnel—and in some cases, this participation helped lead to the establishment of that nation's chaplaincy. In 1997, the conference name was once again changed, to the "International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference", its current title.
At the 1999 Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference, outside Vienna, Austria, more than 90 chaplains from 33 nations discussed the possibility of a chaplains council for NATO.
Because not all nations were represented, the Chaplain General of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), Brigadier General M. Cornelissen—on behalf of the Chief of SANDF—proposed to co-host the first International Military Chiefs of Chaplains Conference in Cape Town, South Africa.
The 2009 International Chiefs of Chaplains Conference was held in Cape Town, South Africa, the first time the conference was held outside of Europe.
Some nations participating in these conferences have one chief of chaplains or chaplain general, as is the case in Canada and South Africa. Other nations, including the United States, have one chief of chaplains for each branch of the military armed forces. In many other nations, one chief of chaplains is designated for each major religion or faith group represented by a significant number of their military personnel.
References
Military chaplains
Military supporting service occupations
Religion in the military
Military-related organizations |
36811343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satian | Satian | Satian (, also Romanized as Sātīān) is a village in Nabovat Rural District, in the Central District of Eyvan County, Ilam Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 422, in 90 families. The village is populated by Kurds.
References
Populated places in Eyvan County
Kurdish settlements in Ilam Province |
15827764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagnols-en-For%C3%AAt | Bagnols-en-Forêt | Bagnols-en-Forêt (; ) is a commune in Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in Southeastern France. In 2019, it had a population of 2,862.
Twin towns — sister cities
Bagnols-en-Forêt is twinned with:
Pieve di Teco, Italy (1990)
Notable people
Pierre-Jean Porro (1750–1831), classical guitarist, composer and music publisher
See also
Communes of the Var department
References
Communes of Var (department) |
4301279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20marketing | Business marketing | Business marketing is a marketing practice of individuals or organizations (including commercial businesses, governments, and institutions). It allows them to sell products or services to other companies or organizations that resell them, use them in their products or services, or use them to support their works. It is a way to promote business and improve profit too.
Marketing can be broken down into many sections such as business-to-business marketing, business-to-consumer marketing, as well as business-to-developer marketing. However, business marketing is typically associated with business-to-business marketing.
Origins
The practice of a purveyor of goods trading with another may be as old as commerce itself. In relation to marketing today, its history is more recent. Michael Morris, Leyland Pitt, and Earl Dwight Honeycutt say that for several years business marketing took "a back seat" to consumer marketing. This entailed providers of goods or services selling directly to households through mass media and retail channels. David Lichtenthal (professor of marketing at Zicklin School of Business) notes in his research that business marketing has existed since the mid-19th century. He adds that the bulk of research on business marketing has come in the last 25 years.
This began to change in the middle to late 1970s. Academic periodicals, including the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing and the Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing now publish studies on the subject regularly. Professional conferences on business marketing are held every year and courses are commonplace at many universities today. According to Jeremy Kourdi, more than half of marketing majors start their careers in business marketing rather than consumer marketing.
Internal and external efficiency
The internal efficiency of a business entity is the factor by which it prepares a product or service in a cost efficient manner. The external efficiency of a business entity is the factor by which it effectively markets itself so as to utilize the market, in order to retrieve maximum profits from that internal efficiency. So in a B2B market setting, the external efficiencies of the business entities due to conduct trade is vital to the success of the B2B transaction, especially if they belong to the same concern, in which case an internal market between the co-owned business entities is emergent. Being able to make use of external economies of scale within the same ownership group is actually one of the motivations for creating a concern.
Business and consumer markets (B2C)
Business markets have derived demand – a demand in them exists because of demand in the consumer market. An example would be a government wishing to purchase equipment for a nuclear power plant. Another example would be when items are in popular demand. The underlying consumer demand that has triggered this is that people are consuming more electricity (by using more household devices such as washing machines and computers). Business markets do not exist in isolation.
A single consumer market demand can give rise to hundreds of business market demands. The demand for cars creates demands for castings, forgings, plastic components, steel, and tires. In turn, this creates demands for casting sand, forging machines, mining materials, polymers, and rubber. Each of these growing demands has triggered more demands.
As the spending power of citizens increases, countries generally see an upward wave in their economies. Cities or countries with growing consumption are generally growing business markets.
Vs. consumer marketing
Despite the differences between business and consumer marketing from a surface perspective being seemingly obvious, there are more subtle distinctions between the two with substantial ramifications. Dwyer and Tanner note that business marketing generally entails shorter and more direct channels of distribution.
While consumer marketing is aimed at large groups through mass media and retailers, the negotiation process between the buyer and seller is more personal in business marketing. According to Hutt and Speh (2004), most business marketers commit only a small part of their promotional budgets to advertising, and that is usually through direct mail efforts and trade journals. While advertising is limited, it often helps the business marketer set up successful sales calls.
Both business to business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing is done with the ultimate intention of making a profit to the seller (business-to-business marketing). In B2C, B2B and B2G marketing situations, the marketer must always:
successfully match the product or service strengths with the needs of a definable target market;
position and price to align the product or service with its market, often an intricate balance; and
communicate and sell it in the fashion that demonstrates its value effectively to the target market.
These are the fundamental principles of the 4 Ps of marketing (the marketing mix) first documented by E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960.
While "other businesses" might seem like the simple answer, Dwyer and Tanner say business customers fall into four broad categories: companies that consume products or services, government agencies, institutions and resellers.
The first category includes original equipment manufacturers, such as large auto-makers who buy gauges to put in their cars and also small firms owned by 1–2 individuals who purchase products to run their business. The second category, government agencies, is the biggest. In fact, the U.S. government is the biggest single purchaser of products and services in the country, spending more than $300 billion annually. But this category also includes state and local governments. The third category, institutions, includes schools, hospitals and nursing homes, churches and charities. Finally, resellers consist of wholesalers, brokers and industrial distributors.
Strategies
Target market
Often the target market for a business product or service is smaller and has more specialized needs reflective of a specific industry or niche. A B2B niche, a segment of the market, can be described in terms of firmographics which requires marketers to have good business intelligence in order to increase response rates. There may be multiple influencers on the purchase decision, which may also have to be marketed to, though they may not be members of the decision making unit. In addition the research and decision making process a B2B buyer undertakes will be more extensive. Finally the purchase information that buyers are researching changes as they go through the buying process.
Pricing
The business market can be convinced to pay premium prices more often than the consumer market with appropriate pricing structure and payment terms. This pricing premium is particularly achievable if it is supported with a strong brand.
Size
Hutt and Speh (2001) note that "business marketers serve the largest market of all; the dollar volume of transactions in the industrial or business market significantly exceeds that of the ultimate consumer market." For example, they note that companies such as GE, DuPont and IBM spend more than $60 million a day on purchases to support their operations.
Dwyer and Tanner (2006) say the purchases made by companies, government agencies and institutions "account for more than half of the economic activity in industrialized countries such as the United States, Canada and France."
A 2003 study sponsored by the Business Marketing Association estimated that business-to-business marketers in the United States spend about $85 billion a year to promote their goods and services. The BMA study breaks that spending out as follows (figures are in billions of dollars):
Trade Shows/Events -- $17.3
Internet/Electronic Media -- $12.5
Promotion/Market Support -- $10.9
Magazine Advertising -- $10.8
Publicity/Public Relations -- $10.5
Direct Mail -- $9.4
Dealer/Distributor Materials -- $5.2
Market Research -- $3.8
Telemarketing -- $2.4
Directories -- $1.4
Other -- $5.1
Despite the stream of leads and undeniable impact of marketing in B2B organizations, a 2021 report by Statista states that majority of businesses only allocate 5% of their budget towards promotions. By contrast, B2C companies typically spend 5% to 12% of their total revenue towards marketing.
Growth
According to Morris, Pitt and Honeycutt (2001), the growth of business marketing is largely due to three "revolutions".
Technological revolution. Technology is changing at an unprecedented pace, and these changes are speeding up the pace of new product and service development. A large part of that has to do with the Internet, which is discussed in more detail below. Technology and business strategy go hand in hand. Both are correlated. While technology supports forming organization strategy, the business strategy is also helpful in technology development. Both play a role in business marketing.
Entrepreneurial revolution. To stay competitive, many companies have downsized and reinvented themselves. Adaptability, flexibility, speed, aggressiveness and innovativeness are the keys to remaining competitive today. Marketing is taking the entrepreneurial lead by finding market segments, untapped needs and new uses for existing products, and by creating new processes for sales, distribution and customer service.
(Occurring within marketing itself) Companies are looking beyond traditional assumptions and they are adopting new frameworks, theories, models and concepts. They are also moving away from the mass market and the preoccupation with the transaction. Relationships, partnerships and alliances are what define marketing today. The cookie-cutter approach is out. Companies are customizing marketing programs to individual accounts.
Impact of the Internet
According to Anderson and Narus (2004), two new types of resellers have emerged as by-products of the Internet: infomediaries and metamediaries. Infomediaries, such as Google and Yahoo, are search engine companies that also function as brokers, or middlemen, in the business marketing world. They charge companies fees to find information on the Web as well as for banner and pop-up ads and search engine optimization services. Metamediaries are companies with robust Internet sites that furnish customers with multiproduct, multivendor and multiservice marketspace in return for commissions on sales.
See also
Business-to-business marketing
Business-to-consumer marketing
Business-to-government marketing
Industrial marketing
Marketing
Footnotes
Anderson, James C., and Narus, James A. (2004) Business Market Management: Understanding, Creating, and Delivering Value, 2nd Edition, 2004, Pearson Education, Inc.
Business Marketing Association (2003) "Marketing Reality Survey"
Blaney, Bill (2012) B2B A To Z. Marketing Tools and Strategies That Generate Leads For Business-To-Business Companies, Denham Publishing, 2012. p. 8-12
Morris, Michael H., Pitt, Leyland F., and Honeycutt, Earl Dwight (2001) Business-to-Business Marketing: A Strategic Approach, Sage Publications Inc.
Brown, Duncan and Hayes, Nick. Influencer Marketing: Who really influences your customers?, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008
John Fahy and David Jobber, Foundations of marketing, Rogan (2011: p137)
References
Business-to-business
Marketing by target group |
56836045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confession%20of%20the%20Unity%20of%20the%20Bohemian%20Brethren%20of%201535 | Confession of the Unity of the Bohemian Brethren of 1535 | Confession of the Unity of the Bohemian Brethren of 1535 or Brethren's confession is doctrinal statement of the Unity of the Brethren.
The confession was introduced to the king Ferdinand I in 1535 and published in Czech in 1536 and in Latin with Martin Luther's preface in 1538.
The confession consists of a long apologetic preface and of twenty articles. It represents traditional theological concerns of the Unity, but is inspired by the Augsburg Confession too.
In later editions the brethren made some changes, reflecting the theological drift of the Unity (significant changes had been done especially in Latin Wittenberg edition from 1573).
The Brethren's confession is sometimes referred as Bohemian Confession. It should not be merged with the Bohemian Confession from 1575, which is different text.
Bibliography
Craig D. Atwood: The Theology of the Czech Brethren from Hus to Comenius. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009, p. 273-294.
External links
English translation of the 1535 Confession (moravianarchives.org)
Latin edition from 1538
Latin edition from 1573
Czech edition from 1607
History of the Moravian Church
Christian statements of faith
16th-century Protestantism
1535 in Christianity
Czech lands under Habsburg rule
History of the Czech lands |
370648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap%20bubble | Soap bubble | A soap bubble is an extremely thin film of soap or detergent and water enclosing air that forms a hollow sphere with an iridescent surface. Soap bubbles usually last for only a few seconds before bursting, either on their own or on contact with another object. They are often used for children's enjoyment, but they are also used in artistic performances. Assembling many bubbles results in foam.
When light shines onto a bubble it appears to change colour. Unlike those seen in a rainbow, which arise from differential refraction, the colours seen in a soap bubble arise from light wave interference, reflecting off the front and back surfaces of the thin soap film. Depending on the thickness of the film, different colours interfere constructively and destructively.
Mathematics
Soap bubbles are physical examples of the complex mathematical problem of minimal surface. They will assume the shape of least surface area possible containing a given volume. A true minimal surface is more properly illustrated by a soap film, which has equal pressure on both sides, becoming a surface with zero mean curvature. A soap bubble is a closed soap film: due to the difference in outside and inside pressure, it is a surface of constant mean curvature.
While it has been known since 1884 that a spherical soap bubble is the least-area way of enclosing a given volume of air (a theorem of H. A. Schwarz), it was not until 2000 that it was proven that two merged soap bubbles provide the optimum way of enclosing two given volumes of air of different size with the least surface area. This has been dubbed the double bubble conjecture.
Because of these qualities, soap bubble films have been used in practical problem solving applications. Structural engineer Frei Otto used soap bubble films to determine the geometry of a sheet of least surface area that spreads between several points, and translated this geometry into revolutionary tensile roof structures. A famous example is his West German Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal.
Soap bubbles as unconventional computing
The structures that soap films make can not just be enclosed as spheres, but virtually any shape, for example in wire frames. Therefore, many different minimal surfaces can be designed. It is actually sometimes easier to physically make them than to compute them by mathematical modelling. This is why the soap films can be considered as analog computers which can outperform conventional computers, depending on the complexity of the system.
Physics
Merging
When two bubbles merge, they adopt a shape which makes the sum of their surface areas as small as possible, compatible with the volume of air each bubble encloses. If the bubbles are of equal size, their common wall is flat. If they are not the same size, their common wall bulges into the larger bubble, since the smaller one has a higher internal pressure than the larger one, as predicted by the Young–Laplace equation.
At a point where three or more bubbles meet, they sort themselves out so that only three bubble walls meet along a line. Since the surface tension is the same in each of the three surfaces, the three angles between them must be equal to 120°. Only four bubble walls can meet at a point, with the lines where triplets of bubble walls meet separated by cos−1(−1/3) ≈ 109.47°. All these rules, known as Plateau's laws, determine how a foam is built from bubbles.
Stability
The longevity of a soap bubble is limited by the ease of rupture of the very thin layer of water which constitutes its surface, namely a micrometer-thick soap film.
It is thus sensitive to :
Drainage within the soap film: water falls down due to gravity. This can be slowed by increasing the water viscosity, for instance by adding glycerol. Still, there is an ultimate height limit, which is the capillary length, very high for soap bubbles: around 13 feet (4 meters). In principle, there is no limit in the length it can reach.
Evaporation: This can be slowed by blowing bubbles in a wet atmosphere, or by adding some sugar to the water.
Dirt and fat: When the bubble touches the ground, a wall, or our skin, it usually ruptures the soap film. This can be prevented by wetting these surfaces with water (preferably containing some soap).
After experiments, researchers found that a solution containing:
85.9 % water
10 % glycerol
4 % washing-up liquid
0.1 % guar gum
gave the longest lasting results as it minimised the Marangoni Effect.
Wetting
When a soap bubble is in contact with a solid or a liquid surface wetting is observed. On a solid surface, the contact angle of the bubble depends on the surface energy of the solid., A soap bubble has a larger contact angle on a solid surface displaying ultrahydrophobicity than on a hydrophilic surface – see Wetting. On a liquid surface, the contact angle of the soap bubble depends on its size - smaller bubbles have lower contact angles.
Floatation
The gas inside a bubble is less dense than air because it is mostly water vapor. Water vapor is a gas that is formed when water molecules evaporate. When water molecules evaporate, they escape from the liquid state and enter the gas state. In the gas state, water molecules are further apart than they are in the liquid state. This is because water molecules are attracted to each other. When they evaporate, they break away from these attractions and move further apart.
The further apart water molecules are, the less dense they are. This is why water vapor is less dense than air. The gas inside a bubble is mostly water vapor, so it is also less dense than air.
The density of a gas can also be affected by its temperature. As the temperature of a gas increases, the molecules of the gas move faster. This causes them to spread out and become less dense. The opposite is also true. As the temperature of a gas decreases, the molecules of the gas move slower. This causes them to bunch together and become more dense.
The temperature of the gas inside a bubble is affected by the temperature of the water around it. The warmer the water, the warmer the gas inside the bubble. This means that the gas inside a bubble will be less dense if the water is warm than if the water is cold.
Recreation
Use in play
Soap bubbles have been used as entertainment for at least 400 years, as evidenced by 17th-century Flemish paintings showing children blowing bubbles with clay pipes. The London-based firm A. & F. Pears created a famous advertising campaign for its soaps in 1886 using a painting by John Everett Millais of a child playing with bubbles. The Chicago company Chemtoy began selling bubble solution in the 1940s, and bubble solution has been popular with children ever since. According to one industry estimate, retailers sell around 200 million bottles annually.
Colored bubbles
A bubble is made of transparent water enclosing transparent air. However, the soap film is as thin as the visible light wavelength, resulting in optical interference. This creates iridescence which, together with the bubble's spherical shape and fragility, contributes to its magical effect on children and adults alike. Each colour is the result of varying thicknesses of soap bubble film. Tom Noddy (who featured in the second episode of Marcus du Sautoy's The Code) gave the analogy of looking at a contour map of the bubbles' surface. However, it has become a challenge to produce artificially coloured bubbles.
Byron, Melody & Enoch Swetland invented a patented non-toxic bubble (Tekno Bubbles) that glow under UV lighting. These bubbles look like ordinary high quality "clear" bubbles under normal lighting, but glow when exposed to true UV light. The brighter the UV lighting, the brighter they glow. The family sold them worldwide, but has since sold their company.
Adding coloured dye to bubble mixtures fails to produce coloured bubbles, because the dye attaches to the water molecules as opposed to the surfactant. Therefore, a colourless bubble forms with the dye falling to a point at the base. Dye chemist Dr. Ram Sabnis has developed a lactone dye that sticks to the surfactants, enabling brightly coloured bubbles to be formed. Crystal violet lactone is an example. Another man named Tim Kehoe invented a coloured bubble which loses its colour when exposed to pressure or oxygen, which he is now marketing online as Zubbles, which are non-toxic and non-staining. In 2010, Japanese astronaut Naoko Yamazaki demonstrated that it is possible to create coloured bubbles in microgravity. The reason is that the water molecules are spread evenly around the bubble in the low-gravity environment.
Freezing
If soap bubbles are blown into air that is below a temperature of , they will freeze when they touch a surface. The air inside will gradually diffuse out, causing the bubble to crumble under its own weight. At temperatures below about , bubbles will freeze in the air and may shatter when hitting the ground. When a bubble is blown with warm air, the bubble will freeze to an almost perfect sphere at first, but when the warm air cools, and a reduction in volume occurs, there will be a partial collapse of the bubble. A bubble, created successfully at this low temperature, will always be rather small; it will freeze quickly and will shatter if increased further.
Freezing of small soap bubbles happens within 2 seconds after setting on snow (at air temperature around –10...–14 °C).
Art
Soap bubble performances combine entertainment with artistic achievement. They require a high degree of skill. Some performers use common commercially available bubble liquids while others compose their own solutions. Some artists create giant bubbles or tubes, often enveloping objects or even humans. Others manage to create bubbles forming cubes, tetrahedra and other shapes and forms. Bubbles are sometimes handled with bare hands. To add to the visual experience, they are sometimes filled with smoke, vapour or helium and combined with laser lights or fire. Soap bubbles can be filled with a flammable gas such as natural gas and then ignited.
Education
Bubbles can be effectively used to teach and explore a wide variety of concepts to even young children. Flexibility, colour formation, reflective or mirrored surfaces, concave and convex surfaces, transparency, a variety of shapes (circle, square, triangle, sphere, cube, tetrahedron, hexagon), elastic properties, and comparative sizing, as well as the more esoteric properties of bubbles listed on this page. Bubbles are useful in teaching concepts starting from 2 years old and into college years. A Swiss university professor, Dr. Natalie Hartzell, has theorized that the usage of artificial bubbles for entertainment purposes of young children has shown a positive effect in the region of the child's brain that controls motor skills and is responsible for coordination with children exposed to bubbles at a young age showing measurably better motion skills than those who were not.
See also
Antibubble
Bubble pipe
Foam
Joseph Plateau
Stretched grid method
Tom Noddy
Weaire–Phelan structure
References
Further reading
Oprea, John (2000). The Mathematics of Soap Films – Explorations with Maple. American Mathematical Society (1st ed.).
Boys, C. V. (1890) Soap-Bubbles and the Forces that Mould Them; (Dover reprint) . Classic Victorian exposition, based on a series of lectures originally delivered "before a juvenile audience".
Isenberg, Cyril (1992) The Science of Soap Films and Soap Bubbles ; (Dover) .
Noddy, Tom (1982) "Tom Noddy's Bubble Magic" Pioneer bubble performer's explanations created the modern performance art.
Stein, David (2005) "How to Make Monstrous, Huge, Unbelievably Big Bubbles"; (Klutz) Formerly "The Unbelievable Bubble Book" (1987) it started the giant bubble sport.
External links
International Awarded Bubble Show
Gallery of Macro Photographs of bubbles to create photographic art work
Videos of Bubble and Droplet Interactions
A more detailed scientific explanation
Performances with bubbles and giant bubbles
Fluid dynamics
Minimal surfaces
Bubbles (physics)
Physical activity and dexterity toys |
21057991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba%20men%27s%20national%20handball%20team | Cuba men's national handball team | The Cuba men's national handball team represents Cuba in international handball competitions and is controlled by the Cuban Handball Association.
Tournament record
Summer Olympics
1980 – 11th
2000 – 11th
World Championship
1982 – 13th
1986 – 15th
1990 – 14th
1995 – 13th
1997 – 14th
1999 – 8th
2009 – 20th
Pan American Games
Pan American Championship
1980 – 1st
1981 – 1st
1983 – 1st
1985 – 1st
1989 – 1st
1994 – 1st
1996 – 1st
1998 – 1st
2000 – 2nd
2008 – 3rd
2010 – 4th
Central American and Caribbean Games
Caribbean Handball Cup
2013: 2nd
Nor.Ca Championship
IHF Emerging Nations Championship
2019 – 2nd
2023 – 1st
Other Competitions
2015 Four Nations Tournament – 3rd
2016 Four Nations Tournament – 3rd
Torneo Cuatro Naciones de Handball 2023 – 2nd
Team
Current squad
Squad for the 2019 Pan American Games
Head coach: Cuba Luis Enrique Delisle
Player statistics
Notable players
Carlos Pérez → Hungary
Julián Duranona → Iceland
Vladimir Rivero Hernández
Ivo Díaz 83 caps → Hungary
Rolando Uríos 79 caps → Spain
Julio Fis 28 caps → Spain
Rafael Capote ? caps → Qatar
Jalesky Garcia 11 caps → Iceland
See also
Cuba women's national handball team
References
External links
IHF profile
National sports teams of Cuba
Men's national handball teams
Handball in Cuba |
2427338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20beardless%20tyrannulet | Southern beardless tyrannulet | The southern beardless tyrannulet (Camptostoma obsoletum) is a small passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family. It breeds from Costa Rica through South America south to Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina.
Description
The southern beardless tyrannulet is long, weighs and often resembles a tiny yellow-bellied elaenia. The head is dark brown or grey with an erectile crest and pale supercilium. The upperparts are grey-green becoming paler on the rump. The wings are brown with yellow feather-edging and two whitish, yellowish or cinnamon wing bars. The tail, which regularly is held cocked, is brown, the throat grey, the breast yellowish, and the abdomen yellow. The bill is black, but at least the base of the lower mandible is pale.
Subspecies from humid regions (e.g. the Amazon basin) are generally greener with pure yellow bellies, while subspecies of drier regions (e.g. eastern Brazil and western Ecuador) generally are greyer with duller bellies. The subspecies C. o. venezuelae occurs only in Trinidad and Venezuela, and is well distinct in plumage tone.
The call is a loud whistled . In courtship, the crests are raised, the tail flicked, and an excited mixture of the call and a churring is given.
Sexes are similar, and this species always appears brighter, especially with regard to the wing bars, than the closely related northern beardless tyrannulet (C. imberbe), with which it was once considered conspecific. However, the two forms overlap without interbreeding in central Costa Rica.
Ecology
This species is found in light forests, cultivation, gardens with trees and dry cerrado savanna. Southern beardless tyrannulets are active birds, feeding in a vireo- or warbler-like fashion on insects, spiders and berries. Animal prey is either picked out of the air or off plants with a dedicated sally flight, or gleaned from vegetation. Fruit, e.g. from Alchornea glandulosa, are typically picked off when perched or during hovering flight. This species will readily mob small predators like the ferruginous pygmy owl (Glaucidium brasilianum). It tends to keep on its own except during the breeding season, and rarely joins mixed-species feeding flocks.
The domed nest is made of plant fibre or leaves with a side entrance. The nest is placed by a tree fork, usually near a wasp nest, which presumably provides some protection from predators. The typical clutch is two white eggs, which are marked with rufous and lilac mostly at the larger end. Incubation by the female is 14–15 days to hatching, with another 17 days to fledging.
As it ranges so widely, this bird is considered a species of least concern by the IUCN.
Notes
References
de A. Gabriel, Vagner & Pizo, Marco A. (2005): Foraging behavior of tyrant flycatchers (Aves, Tyrannidae) in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22(4): 1072–1077 [English with Portuguese abstract]. PDF fulltext
ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton & Eckelberry, Don R. (1991): A guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd edition). Comstock Publishing, Ithaca, N.Y.
Hilty, Steven L. (2003): Birds of Venezuela. Christopher Helm, London.
Pascotto, Márcia Cristina (2006): Avifauna dispersora de sementes de Alchornea glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae) em uma área de mata ciliar no estado de São Paulo [Seed dispersal of Alchornea glandulosa (Euphorbiaceae) by birds in a gallery forest in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil.]. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 14 (3): 291–296 [Portuguese with English abstract]. PDF fulltext
Ragusa-Netto, J. (2000): Raptors and "campo-cerrado" bird mixed flock led by Cypsnagra hirundinacea (Emberizidae: Thraupinae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60 (3): 461–467 [English with Portuguese abstract]. PDF fulltext
Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander Frank (1989): A guide to the birds of Costa Rica. Comistock, Ithaca. <
External links
Southern beardless tyrannulet photo gallery VIREO Photo-High Res
southern beardless tyrannulet
Birds of Costa Rica
Birds of Panama
Birds of South America
Birds of Trinidad and Tobago
southern beardless tyrannulet |
69368351 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Venturi | Michael Venturi | Michael Venturi (born 23 January 1999) is an Italian football player. He plays for Cosenza.
Club career
He made his professional Serie C debut for Fermana on 25 September 2019 in a game against Südtirol.
On 10 August 2021, he signed a three-year contract with Serie B club Cosenza. He made his Serie B debut for Cosenza on 22 August 2021 against Ascoli.
References
External links
1999 births
Footballers from Rimini
Living people
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
AC Carpi players
AC Gozzano players
Fermana FC players
Cosenza Calcio players
Serie D players
Serie C players
Serie B players |
29328741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narsanda%2C%20India | Narsanda, India | Narsanda is a small village in the Kheda district of Gujarat, India. The region belongs to a green belt of charotar region in Gujarat state of India.
Narsanda is a village which is near to Anand and Nadiad. People from different religions such as Hinduism, Islam and Christianity live peacefully in this village. It has many temples such as Shiva temple near the beautiful lake, Swaminarayan temple, temple of Krishna, Bhathiji Maharaj Temple, Santaram Maharaj Temple, Khodiyar Mata Temple etc. There is a mosque as well for Muslims and Church for Christians too. Most of the people in village are farmers but with globalization many of the natives have migrated to different parts of India as well as in USA, England, Australia, UK, Canada, Kenya etc. Right now there are about 200 families living abroad from this village. Village Population is Around 8500 till 2020.
External links
Villages in Kheda district |
18335216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barri%C3%A8re%20Saint-Gen%C3%A8s%20tram%20stop | Barrière Saint-Genès tram stop | Barrière Saint-Genès tram stop is located on line of the tramway de Bordeaux.
Location
The station is located at Barrière Saint-Genès, between Bordeaux (courtyard de l'Argonne) and Talence (courtyard Gambetta).
Junctions
Buses of the TBC:
Close by
Ecole, collège, lycée Saint-Genès
Collège Alain Fournier
Ecole et collège Albert Legrand
Colloc' Saint-Genès
See also
TBC
Tramway de Bordeaux
External links
Bordeaux tramway stops
Tram stops in Bordeaux
Railway stations in France opened in 2004
Tram stops in Talence |
72577695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turris%20kirkensis | Turris kirkensis | Turris kirkensis is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turridae, the turrids.
Description
The length of the shell attains 11 mm; the greatest diameter of the body whorl: 5 mm.
(Original description) The small shell has an elongate-ovate shape. It contains five or six whorls, which are regularly convex, with obscure appressed sutures and an acute apex.The surface of the shell is sculptured by coarse, nodose, revolving ribs, between which are finer and less nodose riblets. On each of the major ribs there are about twenty rounded nodes. The nodes of the different ribs are in line giving the shell the appearance of being longitudinally ribbed. The distribution of the revolving ribs and riblets is as follows: beginning at the suture on the body whorl there are two nodose indistinct ribs below which are two of the finer unnodose riblets, the anterior riblet being the heavier. Anterior to this are two nodose ribs
with one fine indistinct unnodose riblet between. Between the last two nodose ribs just mentioned and the anterior end of the siphonal canal there are five of the major ribs between each of which excepting the last anterior two, there are two riblets, in each case the anterior of the riblets is heavier and shows a tendency to be nodose.
On some specimens toward the anterior end of the body whorl the heavier of the two riblets seen between each of the major ribs becomes as prominent as the major ribbing itself, the nodose character of the ribs disappearing. The whorls of spire show three of the heavier nodose revolving ribs. Anteriorly at the suture are two of the riblets, the heavier type of riblet being in front. Above these riblets are two of the nodose ribs which are very close together with a faint indication of an interrib between. Posteriorly this is again followed by two riblets the anterior one being the coarser. Above these is a nodose rib between which and the suture is one of the coarser riblets. Posterior sinus on specimens figured obscure. The outer lip is sharp. The inner lip is smooth and incrusted. The siphonal canal is short and straight. The umbilicus is subperforate.
Distribution
Fossils of this marine species were found in California
References
External links
kirkensis
Gastropods described in 1915 |
15027598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac%C3%B3n | Lacón | Lacón is a Spanish dried ham obtained from the shoulders or front legs of the pig.
Historically, lacón has been mentioned in texts since at least the 17th century.
Lacón galego from Galicia, Spain, have a PGI status under European law. Production of lacón galego may take place in Galicia, from the rearing and slaughter of the pigs, to the curing of the final product. The actual product is only made with the shoulder, rather than the whole leg, as is usual with other jamones (hams).
The following breeds of pig may be used to make lacón: Celtic, Large White, Landrace or Duroc, and there are two type of lacón, depending on how the pig is reared:
Traditional lacón galego may be called so when the pig has been fed on a diet of only natural feed, e.g. acorns, cereals, chestnuts, and other vegetable foods for at least the last three months before slaughter.
Lacón galego when the pig has been fed on the feeds authorised by the regulatory board for up until slaughter.
Those feeds that are unauthorised by the board are forbidden; these include oils and fish, and their derivatives.
See also
List of hams
List of dried foods
References
Official Site
Dried meat
Ham
Spanish products with protected designation of origin
Spanish cuisine |
74786076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan%20Eastham | Stan Eastham | Stanley Eastham (born 26 November 1913 in Bolton, England; died 10 April 1997 in Western Australia, Australia) was an English footballer who played as a forward. He was part of Great Britain Football squad for the 1936 Summer Olympics.
Career
Eastham was a lance corporal in the King's Own Regiment.
In 1936, he won three caps with England Amateurs. That same year, he was part of Great Britain Football squad for the 1936 Summer Olympics but was an unused substitute for Great Britain two games against China and Poland. In late 1936, while still in the military, Eastham signed an amateur contract to play with Liverpool.
In 1937, Eastham toured Australia, New Zealand, and Ceylon with the England Amateur team. After his release from the military later that year, he signed a professional contract with Liverpool, though World War II impacted his gameplay.
Following World War II, Eastham signed to play with Exeter City, then transferred to Stockport County in 1946, where he made his first league appearance. After 14 games, he moved to Australia to play with Corinthian Club in Brisbane, then with the Perth City club.
Personal life
Eastham was born 26 November 1913 in Bolton, England.
He died 10 April 1997 in Western Australia, Australia.
References
1913 births
1997 deaths
Footballers from Bolton
Men's association football forwards
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Liverpool F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players |
20170918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahid%20Sheikh | Zahid Sheikh | Muhammad Zahid Sheikh (December 14, 1949 – January 29, 2010) was a field hockey player who played for the Pakistan National Hockey Team from 1969 to 1976. He was born at Sialkot. He was capped 34 times and scored 8 goals. He is the Uncle (Chacha gee) of field hockey star Olympions Shahnaz Sheikh and Tariq Sheikh.
References
Pakistan International Hockey Players
Zahid Sheikh's obituary
External links
1949 births
2010 deaths
Pakistani male field hockey players
Olympic field hockey players for Pakistan
Olympic silver medalists for Pakistan
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Field hockey players at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in field hockey
Field hockey players at the 1970 Asian Games
Field hockey players at the 1974 Asian Games
Field hockey players from Sialkot
Asian Games gold medalists for Pakistan
Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1974 Asian Games
20th-century Pakistani people |
43293042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tysse%2C%20Vestland | Tysse, Vestland | Tysse is the administrative centre of Samnanger municipality in Vestland county, Norway. The village is located near the end of the Samnangerfjorden. It is located immediately south of the village of Haga, and it is considered to be part of the "urban area" of Haga by Statistics Norway. The village lies at the mouth of the river Tysseelva which runs through the Tyssedalen valley.
References
Villages in Vestland
Samnanger |
14689988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20Graves%20wine | Classification of Graves wine | The wines of Graves in the wine-growing region of Bordeaux were classified in 1953 by a jury appointed by Institute National des Appellations d'Origine, and approved by the Minister of Agriculture in August of that year. The selection was revised with a few additions in February 1959. The classification concerns both red and white wines, and all chateaux belong to the appellation Pessac-Léognan, which eventually came into effect on September 9, 1987.
The 1959 classification
See also
Regional wine classification
Bordeaux wine regions
History of Bordeaux wine
Notes and references
a. Also rated as a Premier Cru in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855.
b. Château La Tour Haut-Brion was discontinued after the 2005 vintage.
General
Footnotes
External links
Union of Classed Growths of Graves official site
Appellations
French wine
Bordeaux
Graves wine |
52803010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20McQueen | Max McQueen | Max McQueen may refer to:
Max McQueen (Hollyoaks), a character on the soap opera Hollyoaks
Max McQueen (footballer) (1915–1972), Australian rules footballer |
39162533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colo%20Colo%E2%80%93Cobreloa%20rivalry | Colo Colo–Cobreloa rivalry | The Colo Colo–Cobreloa rivalry is a footballing rivalry between Chilean clubs Colo-Colo and Cobreloa. It is considered to be one of the biggest rivalry matches in Chile.
History
References
Colo
Cob
Colo |
58433013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandidierina | Grandidierina | Grandidierina is a genus of skinks, lizards in the family Scincidae. The genus is endemic to Madagascar.
Species
The following four species, listed alphabetically by specific name, are recognized as being valid.
Grandidierina fierinensis
Grandidierina lineata
Grandidierina petiti
Grandidierina rubrocaudata
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Grandidierina.
References
Further reading
Mocquard F (1894). "Reptiles nouveaux ou insuffisamment conus de Madagascar ". Compte Rendu Sommaire des Séances de la Société Philomathique de Paris, Huitième Série [Eighth Series] 6 (17): 3–10. (Grandidierina, new genus, p. 6). (in French).
Grandidierina
Lizard genera
Endemic fauna of Madagascar
Taxa named by François Mocquard |
619798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20%28weapon%29 | Club (weapon) | A club (also known as a cudgel, baton, bludgeon, truncheon, cosh, nightstick, or impact weapon) is a short staff or stick, usually made of wood, wielded as a weapon since prehistory. There are several examples of blunt-force trauma caused by clubs in the past, including at the site of Nataruk in Turkana, Kenya, described as the scene of a prehistoric conflict between bands of hunter-gatherers 10,000 years ago.
Most clubs are small enough to be swung with one hand, although larger clubs may require the use of two to be effective. Various specialized clubs are used in martial arts and other fields, including the law-enforcement baton. The military mace is a more sophisticated descendant of the club, typically made of metal and featuring a spiked, knobbed, or flanged head attached to a shaft.
Examples of cultural depictions of clubs may be found in mythology, where they are associated with strong figures such as Hercules or the Japanese oni, or in popular culture, where they are associated with primitive cultures, especially cavemen. Ceremonial maces may also be displayed as a symbol of governmental authority.
The wounds inflicted by a club are generally known as strike trauma or blunt-force trauma injuries.
Law enforcement
Police forces and their predecessors have traditionally favored the use, whenever possible, of less-lethal weapons than guns or blades. Until recent times, when alternatives such as tasers and capsicum spray became available, this category of policing weapon has generally been filled by some form of wooden club variously termed a truncheon, baton, nightstick, or lathi. Short, flexible clubs are also often used, especially by plainclothes officers who need to avoid notice. These are known colloquially as blackjacks, saps, or coshes.
Conversely, criminals have been known to arm themselves with an array of homemade or improvised clubs, generally of easily concealable sizes, or which can be explained as being carried for legitimate purposes (such as baseball bats).
In addition, Shaolin monks and members of other religious orders around the world have employed cudgels from time to time as defensive weapons.
Types
Though perhaps the simplest of all weapons, clubs come in many varieties, including:
Aklys – a club with an integrated leather thong, used to return it to the hand after snapping it at an opponent. Used by the legions of the Roman Empire.
Ball club – These clubs were used by Native Americans. There are two types; the stone ball clubs that were used mostly by early Plains, Plateau and Southwest Native Indians and the wooden ball clubs that the Huron and Iroquois tribes used. These consisted of a relatively free-moving head of rounded stone or wood attached to a wooden handle.
Bang – Chinese military weapon type used in medieval times. Also used in modern Wushu showcase and martial-arts practice.
Baseball, cricket and T-ball bats – The baseball bat is often used as an improvised weapon, much like the pickaxe handle. In countries where baseball is not commonly played, baseball bats are often first thought of as weapons. Tee ball bats are also used in this manner. Their smaller size and lighter weight make the bats easier to handle in one hand than a baseball bat. Cricket bats are heavier and their flat shape and short handle make them unwieldy as weapons, but they are more commonly available than baseball bats in some countries.
Baton or truncheon – forms used by law enforcement.
Blackjack or cosh – a weighted club designed to stun the subject.
Bian – a tubular club used by medieval Chinese infantry and generals.
Clava (full name clava mere okewa) – a traditional stone hand-club used by Mapuche Indians in Chile, featuring a long flat body. In Spanish, it is known as clava cefalomorfa. It has some ritual importance as a special sign of distinction carried by the tribal chief.
Cudgel – A stout stick carried by peasants during the Middle Ages. It functioned as a walking staff and a weapon for both self-defence and wartime. Clubmen revolted in several localities against the excesses of soldiers on both sides during the English Civil War. During the 18th century singlestick fighting (a training sport for the use of the single handed backsword) was called singlesticking, or cudgel-play.
Crowbar – a tool commonly used as an improvised weapon, though some examples are too large to be wielded with a single hand, and therefore should be classified as staves.
Flashlight – A large metal flashlight, such as a Maglite, can make a very effective improvised club. Though not specifically classified as a weapon, it is often carried for self-defense by security guards, bouncers and civilians, especially in countries where carrying weapons is restricted.
Gata – a Fijian war club
Ghioagă – a Romanian club similar to a shillelagh; also called Bâtă (the name comes from Latin batt(u)ere – battery). This was used as a weapon in group fights against Ottoman Empire by irregular troops made up of peasants, vassals to local Princes in Wallachia and Moldavia. Early mentions of it occur from the 15th century in some historical sources.
Gunstock war club – a war club stylized as the butt of a rifle
Jiǎn – a type of quad-edged straight club specifically designed to break other weapons with sharp edges.
Jutte or jitte – a distinctive weapon of the samurai police, consisting of an iron rod with a hook. It could parry and disarm a sword-wielding assailant without serious injury. Eventually, the jutte also came to be considered a symbol of official status.
Kanabō (nyoibo, konsaibo, tetsubō, ararebo) – Various types of different-sized Japanese clubs made of wood and or iron, usually with iron spikes or studs. First used by the samurai.
Kanak war clubs – traditional maces used by the Kanak people of New Caledonia
Kiyoga – a spring baton similar in concept to the Asp collapsible police baton, but with the center section made of a heavy-duty steel spring. The tip and first section slide into the spring, and the whole nests into a seven-inch handle. To deploy the kiyoga, all that is necessary is to grasp the handle and swing. This causes the parts to extend from the handle into a baton seventeen inches long. The kiyoga has one advantage over a conventional collapsible baton: it can reach around a raised arm trying to block it to strike the head.
Knobkerrie – a war club of southern and eastern Africa with a distinctive knob on the end
Kubotan – a short, thin, lightweight club often used by law enforcement officers, generally to apply pressure against selected points of the body in order to encourage compliance without inflicting injury.
Leangle – an Australian Aboriginal fighting-club with a hooked striking head, typically nearly at right angles to the weapon's shaft. The name comes from Kulin languages such as Wemba-Wemba and Woiwurrung, based on the word lia (tooth).
Life preserver (also hyphenated life-preserver) – a short, often weighted club intended for self-defense. Mentioned in Gilbert and Sullivan's 1879 comic opera The Pirates of Penzance and in several Sherlock Holmes stories.
Mace – a metal club with a heavy head on the end, designed to deliver very powerful blows. The head of a mace may also have small studs forged into it. The mace is often confused with the spiked morning star or with the articulated flail.
Mere – short, broad-bladed Māori club, usually made from nephrite jade and used for making forward-striking thrusts
Morning star – a medieval club-like weapon consisting of a shaft with an attached ball adorned with one or more spikes
Nulla-nulla – a short, curved hardwood club, used as a hunting weapon and in tribal in-fighting, by the Aboriginal people of Australia
Nunchaku (also called nunchucks) – an Asian weapon consisting of two clubs, connected by a short rope, thong or chain, and usually used with one club in hand and the other swung as a flail.
Oslop – a two-handed, very heavy, often iron-shod, Russian club that was used as the cheapest and the most readily available infantry weapon.
Paddle club – common in the Solomon Islands, these clubs could be used in warfare or for propelling a small dugout canoe.
Pickaxe handle – the (usually wooden) haft of a pickaxe used as a club
Rungu (Swahili, plural marungu) – a wooden throwing club or baton bearing special symbolism and significance in certain East African tribal cultures. It is especially associated with Maasai morans (male warriors) who have traditionally used it in warfare and for hunting.
Sali, a Fijian war club
Sally rod – a long, thin wooden stick, generally made from willow (Latin salix), and used chiefly in the past in Ireland as a disciplinary implement, but also sometimes used like a club (without the fencing-like technique of stick fighting) in fights and brawls. In Japan this type of stick is called the Hanbō meaning half stick, and in FMA (Filipino martial arts) it is called the eskrima or escrima stick, often made from rattan.
Shillelagh – a wooden club or cudgel, typically made from a stout knotty stick with a large knob on the end, that is associated with Ireland in folklore
Slapjack – a variation of the blackjack consisting of a longer strap which lets it be used like a flail, and can be used as a club or for trapping techniques as seen in the use of nunchaku and other flexible weapons
Supi – a war club of the Solomon Islands
Telescopic baton – a rigid baton capable of collapsing to a shorter length for greater portability and concealability
Tipstaff – a ceremonial rod used by a court officer of the same name
Tonfa or side-handle baton – a club of Okinawan origin featuring a second handle mounted perpendicular to the shaft
Totokia – a Fijian spiked club
Trench raiding club – a type of melee weapon used by both sides in World War I
Ula – traditional throwing club from Fiji
U'u – an exquisitely-carved ceremonial club from the Marquesan Islands, used as a chiefly status symbol
Waddy – a heavy hardwood club, used as a weapon for hunting and in tribal in-fighting, and also as a tool, by the Aboriginal people of Australia. The word waddy describes a club from New South Wales, but Australians also use the word generally to include other Aboriginal clubs, including the nulla nulla and leangle.
Worraga – An Australian-aboriginal club with boomerang-like aerodynamics. Can be thrown or hand-held.
Animal appendages
Ankylosaurus (armored dinosaur)
Anodontosaurus (armored dinosaur)
Club-winged manakin (extant bird)
Dyoplosaurus (armored dinosaur)
Jamaican ibis (extinct bird)
Mantis shrimp (marine crustacean)
Nodocephalosaurus (armored dinosaur)
Rodrigues solitaire (extinct bird)
Talarurus (armored dinosaur)
Gallery
See also
Cudgel War
References
External links
Clubs (weapon)
Hunting equipment
Medieval weapons
Ancient weapons |
36418399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakalar%2C%20Artvin | Sakalar, Artvin | Sakalar is a village in the Artvin District of Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 219 (2021).
References
Villages in Artvin District |
13319867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium%20jaw | Radium jaw | Radium jaw, or radium necrosis, is a historic occupational disease brought on by the ingestion and subsequent absorption of radium into the bones of radium dial painters. It also affected those consuming radium-laden patent medicines.
The condition is similar to phossy jaw, an osteoporotic and osteonecrotic illness of matchgirls, brought on by phosphorus ingestion and absorption.
Symptoms
The symptoms are necrosis of the mandible (lower jawbone) and the maxilla (upper jaw), constant bleeding of the gums, and (usually) after some time, severe distortion due to bone tumors and porosity of the lower jaw. Symptoms also include soreness throughout the body, significant decrease in body weight and loss of teeth.
Treatment
Once the symptoms of radium jaw take effect, there is nothing that can be done to reduce the chance of death from radiation poisoning. Radium can cause fatal injuries due to radium and calcium sharing similar chemistry, causing the body to mistake the radioactive metal for calcium and incorporate it into bone tissue. This is significant, because while calcium strengthens bone structures, radium degrades the quality of said bone structure. Alpha particles emitted by the radium lead to bone necrosis and bone cancer.
History
At the start of the 20th century, many believed that radium had beneficial health properties and was often added to consumer products such as toothpaste, hair creams, and even food. Used until the early 1970s, radium was found in some consumer paints, dials on clocks and some industrial applications. Radium was also used in some medical practices during the 20th century.
The disease was determined by pathologist Dr. H.S. Martland in 1924 to be symptomatic of radium paint ingestion, after many female workers from various radium paint companies reported similar dental and mandibular pain. The first written reference to the disease was by a dentist, Dr. Theodor Blum, in 1924, who described an unusual mandibular osteomyelitis in a dial painter, naming it "radium jaw". Symptoms were present in the mouth due to use of the lips and tongue to keep the radium-paint paintbrushes properly shaped. The disease was the main reason for litigation against the United States Radium Corporation by the Radium Girls, female factory workers who contracted radiation poisoning from painting watch dials with self-luminous paint in the early 20th century.
A prominent example of this condition was the death of American golfer and industrialist Eben Byers in 1932, after taking large doses of Radithor, a radioactive patent medicine containing radium, over several years. His illness garnered much publicity, and brought the problem of radioactive quack medicines into the public eye. The Wall Street Journal ran a story (in 1989 or after) titled "The Radium Water Worked Fine until His Jaw Came Off".
Stories such as the Radium Girls and Eben Byers death went public and due to public pressure/outrage, the Food and Drug Administration banned most radiation-based patent medicines in 1932.
See also
Acute radiation syndrome (not involved in radium jaw)
Radium Dial Company
Radium dials
Phossy jaw
References
External links
Radium in Humans: A Review of U.S. Studies
Occupational diseases
Radium
Osteonecrosis |
50777289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber%20Case | Amber Case | Amber Case (born Portland, Oregon) is an American cyborg anthropologist, user experience designer and public speaker. She studies the interaction between humans and technology.
Biography
Case was born in about 1986. She graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology from Lewis & Clark College in 2008, having written a thesis about cell phones. In 2008, she co-founded CyborgCamp, an unconference on the future of humans and computers.
In 2010, Case and Aaron Parecki founded Geoloqi, a location-based software company. The company was acquired by Esri in 2012. In 2015, Case left Esri to work for a new company called Healthways where she became the managing director.
In her work, Case often declares that we are all cyborgs already, as a cyborg is simply a human who interacts with technology. According to Case the technology doesn't necessarily need to be implanted: it can be a physical or mental extension. She argues that these days we now have two selves: one digital, one physical. Her main focus in recent years is Calm technology, a type of information technology where the interaction between the technology and its user is designed to occur in the user's periphery rather than constantly at the center of attention. Case describes it as a technology that "gets out of your way and lets you live your life." In 2015 she published the book 'Calm Technology' on the subject.
Works
An Illustrated Dictionary of Cyborg Anthropology (CreateSpace, January 2014)
Designing Calm Technology (O'Reilly Books, October 2015)
Designing with Sound: Fundamentals for Products and Services (co-author Aaron Day) (O'Reilly Media, Inc., December 2018)
A Kids Book About Technology (A Kids Book About, 2021)
Awards and honours
In 2010 Fastcompany magazine named Case as one of the most influential women in technology.
Appearances
In January 2011, Case performed a TED Talks titled 'We Are All Cyborgs Now.'
Case gave a talk at the 'ePharma IMPACT' 2019 conference, which took place in 19–21 March 2019 in New York, NY.
References
External links
Cyborg Camp
Scientists from Portland, Oregon
1980s births
Living people
Lewis & Clark College alumni
American anthropologists |
24137104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing%20at%20the%201924%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20foil | Fencing at the 1924 Summer Olympics – Women's foil | The women's foil was one of seven fencing events on the Fencing at the 1924 Summer Olympics programme. It was the first time an Olympic fencing competition was held for women.
The competition was held from Tuesday July 2, 1924, to Thursday July 4, 1924. 25 fencers from 9 nations competed.
Results
Quarterfinals
The top three fencers in each pool advanced. Bouts were to five touches. Times touched was the first tie-breaker if fencers had equal records for their bouts.
Pool A
Pool B
Pool C
Pool D
Semifinals
The top three fencers in each pool advanced. Bouts were to five touches. Times touched was the first tie-breaker if fencers had equal records for their bouts.
Pool A
Pool B
Final
Bouts were to five touches.
References
Foil women
Olym
Women's events at the 1924 Summer Olympics |
1615980 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Poulter | Ian Poulter | Ian James Poulter (born 10 January 1976) is an English professional golfer who plays in the LIV Golf League. He has previously been ranked as high as number 5 in the world rankings. The highlights of Poulter's career to date have been his two World Golf Championship wins at the 2010 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship and the 2012 WGC-HSBC Champions, as well as being part of five Ryder Cup winning European teams. He is the touring professional for Woburn Golf and Country Club.
Early career
Born in Hitchin, and raised in Stevenage, Poulter took up the game at the age of four when his single-handicap father, Terry, gave him a cut-down 3-wood. His older brother Danny is also a professional golfer. Unable to get a place as a pro at a private club, he became the assistant pro and golf shop manager at the Chesfield Downs Golf Club. There he was forced by his boss to pay a full green fee every time he wanted to play in a competition. His handicap hence stayed at four, because he did not play in competitions. Following this period, Poulter joined as Assistant Pro at Leighton Buzzard golf course, giving lessons to youngsters at £1 per lesson.
Professional career
Poulter turned professional in 1996 gaining his first win at the 1999 Open de Côte d'Ivoire on the European Tour's second tier Challenge Tour. He won promotion to the European Tour itself via the qualifying school later that year. In his first season, he claimed the Italian Open title and was the Sir Henry Cotton Rookie of the Year for 2000. Further wins followed in each of the next four seasons, most prestigiously the season ending "tour championship" the Volvo Masters in 2004. He was in the top ten on the Order of Merit in 2003, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2012. In 2013, he finished 2nd on the Order of Merit, his highest placing so far. After narrowly missing a place in the 2002 European Ryder Cup team, Poulter was a member of the victorious squad in 2004, where he officially scored the winning points for his team. This entitled him to take up membership of the PGA Tour in 2005, and he has divided his time between the two tours since then.
At the 2008 Masters Tournament, Poulter made a hole-in-one at the 16th hole at Augusta National in the first round. At the 2008 Open Championship, Poulter had the clubhouse lead on the last round before being beaten by defending champion Pádraig Harrington. In the 2008 Ryder Cup, Poulter was the highest points scorer on either side as he scored 4 of Europe's 11.5 points. Europe lost the Ryder Cup 16.5–11.5. In the 2009 Players Championship, he finished in sole possession of second place at eight under-par, four shots behind the winner, Henrik Stenson. In November 2009, Poulter won the Barclays Singapore Open at the Sentosa Club. He moved into the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking in January 2010 with a second-place finish at the Abu Dhabi Golf Championship.
In February 2010, he won his first tournament on U.S. soil, beating fellow Englishman Paul Casey 4&2 in the final of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship in Arizona. The win moved him to 5th in the world rankings. His ranking gained Poulter a place in the 2010 Ryder Cup in September at Celtic Manor in Wales He won 3 points in the 4 matches he played in the European team's win by 14.5 points to 13.5. In November 2010, he won his second title of the year with a one-stroke victory in the UBS Hong Kong Open.
On 23 February 2011, in Marana, Arizona, Poulter became the first defending champion in nine years to be eliminated in the first round of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship. He did however enjoy greater success in the European Tour's own match play event, the Volvo World Match Play Championship where he won the title beating Ryder Cup teammate Luke Donald, 2&1, in the final. He had previously beaten the world number one Lee Westwood, Francesco Molinari and Nicolas Colsaerts to get to the final. This was Poulter's second tournament win in a match play event and eleventh European Tour victory. Poulter was one of José María Olazábal's two "captains picks" for the European Team at the 2012 Ryder Cup. He won all the 4 matches he played over the three days of the event, and was a key figure in sparking his team's victory by 14.5 points to 13.5.
On 4 November 2012, Poulter won the second World Golf Championship of his career at the WGC-HSBC Champions in Shenzhen, China, coming from four strokes back in the final round to win by two from four other players. He shot a final round of 65 which included 8 birdies in his first 15 holes to seize control and despite a late bogey, closed out the victory by two strokes. He became only the second European to have won multiple WGC events, after Darren Clarke. The victory took Poulter to 15th in the rankings.
At the 2015 Honda Classic on the PGA Tour, Poulter had a three shot lead going into the final round of the rain delayed event. However he had a disastrous four-over-par final round of 74, where he found the water five times, included twice on the 14th hole which cost him a triple bogey. Poulter would finish in a tie for third, one shot outside of the playoff, which was won by Pádraig Harrington. It was his first 54-hole lead on the PGA Tour and he never would win a non-WGC PGA Tour event until 2018. In the same year, Poulter was in a predicament. He fell to 51st in the OWGR and was not exempt for the WGC-HSBC Champions, and had failed to enter the UBS Hong Kong Open. He was also at risk of losing his European Tour card since he had only played in 12 events, one short of membership and Ryder Cup eligibility. He only earned entry to the Hong Kong Open after Rich Beem gave up his sponsor exemption to allow Poulter to compete.
In March 2016, Poulter held the 54-hole lead at the Puerto Rico Open, an alternate event on the PGA Tour. He led by one stroke entering the final round, but shot an even-par round which included just the one birdie, to finish in a tie for third, one stroke outside of the playoff. This was only the second time that Poulter had held a 54-hole lead in an event on the PGA Tour and he has yet to win one. The result was however his best on tour for over a year.
On 3 June 2016, Poulter was ruled out of the upcoming Ryder Cup after being sidelined for four months with a foot injury. Only three days later, he was named by captain Darren Clarke as one of his vice-captains for the match.
Poulter started the 2016–17 season using a major medical extension. He initially failed to meet the terms, but his results and criteria were reevaluated, allowing Poulter to keep his Tour card for the remainder of the season. The Golf Channel website also mentioned that Brian Gay (who was also playing on a major medical extension) noted a discrepancy in the points distribution from the previous season. After recalculating, Gay and Poulter were also allowed entry into the 2017 Players Championship after meeting the FedEx Cup requirements. Poulter went on to finish T2 at The Players, three shots behind Kim Si-woo.
During the 2018 WGC-Match Play, Poulter was informed by members of the media that his advancement to the quarterfinals would place him in the top-50 in the World Golf Rankings, ensuring his place in the Masters' field two weeks later. It was later determined that he would need to advance to the semifinals to crack the top-50, which he was unable to do, losing heavily to Kevin Kisner in the quarterfinals.
The following week, Poulter won the Houston Open, claiming his third victory on the PGA Tour and first stroke play tournament win in the United States. Poulter won in a sudden-death playoff, after holing a lengthy birdie putt on the final green of regulation play to tie Beau Hossler. In the playoff, Poulter won with a par, after Hossler found the water and made a triple bogey. This was Poulter's first win in six years on any tour and also sealed his place in the Masters the following week as the final entrant. He finished T44 at the event. Then playing his sixth week in a row, Poulter held the 54-hole lead at the RBC Heritage. He faded in the final round though, shooting a 75 and finishing T7.
In September 2018, Poulter was named as a captain's pick by Thomas Bjørn for the European team participating in the 2018 Ryder Cup. Europe defeated the United States team by 17½ points to 10½ at Le Golf National outside of Paris, France. Poulter went 2–2–0 and won his singles match against then world number one Dustin Johnson. In September 2021, Poulter was a captain's pick by Pádraig Harrington for the European team in the 2021 Ryder Cup at Whistling Straits in Kohler, Wisconsin. The U.S. team won 19–9 and Poulter went 1–2–0 and won his Sunday singles match against Tony Finau.
Poulter was announced as a participant of the inaugural LIV Golf Invitational Series tournament at the Centurion Club near London in June 2022, with his PGA Tour and European Tour memberships being suspended. His fine and suspension on the European Tour were temporarily lifted in July, pending a court case set for February 2023. After those sanctions were upheld by the independent arbitrator, in May 2023, the European Tour announced that he had resigned his membership of the tour.
Clothing
Poulter is well known for his eccentric dress sense, inspired by his mother, who managed the Letchworth branch of UK women's fashion chain Dorothy Perkins. His most famous pieces include trousers featuring the famous Claret Jug, worn at both the 2005 and 2006 Open Championships. Commentating for the BBC, Seve Ballesteros jibed that this was "the closest [Poulter] would ever get to it".
He is an avid fan of football club Arsenal. He has on several occasions appeared with the team's crest on his shoes, and he even controversially wore the team's shirt during an event, gaining widespread ire for flying in the face of golfing tradition (immediately after the event the rule was changed to stop future players wearing football jerseys). In addition to his golfing career, Poulter launched Ian Poulter Design (IJP Design) in 2007.
Personal life
As a teen, Poulter attended The Barclay School in Stevenage.
Poulter is married to his wife Katie Poulter; the couple have four children and live in Lake Nona Golf & Country Club in Orlando, Florida. The couple also have a home in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire.
Poulter appears in the sports documentary series Full Swing, which premiered on Netflix on 15 February 2023.
Car collection
Poulter is an avid Ferrari collector and maintains a collection of cars in Florida. His garage and car collection were covered in depth in a video by Shmee150.
The collection includes:
Ferrari 275 GTB/4
Ferrari 288 GTO
Ferrari Testarossa
Ferrari Enzo
Ferrari LaFerrari
Ferrari LaFerrari Aperta
Ferrari 458 Speciale Aperta, created in white, green, and red to match the Italian flag
Ferrari F12tdf
2017 Ford GT
Poulter's LaFerrari Aperta featured in a viral video posted to his Instagram account in which Poulter chips a golf ball through the windows of the car.
Sponsorships
Poulter currently has endorsements with the following companies: Coolsculpting, IJP Design, Aurae Lifestyle, Titleist, Nikon, EA Sports, MasterCard, Oakley, Fathead, DP World, Audemars Piguet, and Marquis Jet.
Professional wins (17)
PGA Tour wins (3)
PGA Tour playoff record (1–0)
European Tour wins (12)
*Note: The 2002 Italian Open Telecom Italia was shortened to 54 holes due to rain.
1Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour
European Tour playoff record (1–1)
Japan Golf Tour wins (1)
PGA Tour of Australasia wins (1)
Challenge Tour wins (1)
Other wins (1)
Results in major championships
Results not in chronological order in 2020.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
WD = withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place
NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 7 (2004 Open Championship – 2006 U.S. Open)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (2012 Open Championship – 2012 PGA)
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
C = Cancelled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic
World Golf Championships
Wins (2)
Results timeline
Results not in chronological order before 2015.
1Cancelled due to 9/11
2Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = Tied
NT = No tournament
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.
Note that the Championship and Invitational were discontinued from 2022.
Team appearances
Ryder Cup (representing Europe): 2004 (winners), 2008, 2010 (winners), 2012 (winners), 2014 (winners), 2018 (winners), 2021
World Cup (representing England): 2001, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2018
Seve Trophy (representing Great Britain & Ireland): 2003 (winners), 2005 (winners), 2011 (winners)
EurAsia Cup (representing Europe): 2016 (winners)
See also
List of golfers with most European Tour wins
Notes
References
External links
Ian Poulter's IJP Design
English male golfers
European Tour golfers
PGA Tour golfers
LIV Golf players
Ryder Cup competitors for Europe
Sportspeople from Hitchin
Sportspeople from Milton Keynes
English expatriates in the United States
1976 births
Living people |
45031140 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977%20German%20Open%20%28tennis%29 | 1977 German Open (tennis) | The 1977 Grand Prix German Open was a combined men's and women's tennis tournament played on outdoor red clay courts. It was the 69th edition of the event and was part of the 1977 Colgate-Palmolive Grand Prix circuit and categorized as a four-star event. It took place at the Am Rothenbaum in Hamburg, West Germany, from 9 May through 15 May 1977. Paolo Bertolucci, after a victory in the final over title-holder Manuel Orantes, and Laura duPont won the singles titles .
Finals
Men's singles
Paolo Bertolucci defeated Manuel Orantes 6–3, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3
Women's singles
Laura duPont defeated Heidi Eisterlehner 6–1, 6–4
Men's doubles
'Bob Hewitt / Karl Meiler defeated Phil Dent / Kim Warwick 3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4
Women's doubles
Linky Boshoff / Ilana Kloss defeated Regina Maršíková / Renáta Tomanová 2–6, 6–4, 7–5
References
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tournament profile
International Tennis Federation (ITF) tournament edition details
German Open
Hamburg European Open
1977 in West German sport
1977 in German tennis |
70657694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address%20Unknown%20%28song%29 | Address Unknown (song) | "Address Unknown" is a song by American vocal jazz group The Ink Spots. Released as a shellac single in 1939, the song was The Ink Spots' highest charting song at #1 until their cover of "We Three (My Echo, My Shadow and Me)". "Address Unknown" is a standalone single, and was not released on any Ink Spots album. "Address Unknown" was initially used as a B-side to "Bless You For Being An Angel" and "You Bring Me Down". Later in 1939, a shellac was released with "You Bring Me Down" as the B-side after the charting success of "Address Unknown".
"Address Unknown" experienced a resurgence in popularity after its 2015 inclusion in the series premiere of Better Call Saul, the spinoff prequel series to Breaking Bad.
Composition
"Address Unknown" begins with a twangy guitar intro, before it switches over to a piano and choral instrumental as The Ink Spots sing the first verse and the chorus. The song details someone with an unknown street address, someone with "not even a trace" of their existence. The song then transitions into a spoken word part, the reader saying that he'd "give anything in the world" to see the face of the song's subject. The chorus repeats again, and the song fades out.
Release
"Address Unknown" was initially released as a shellac 10" standalone single, used as a B-side twice for both "Bless You For Being An Angel" and "You Bring Me Down". Later, in 1939, a shellac as released with "You Bring Me Down" as the B-side after "Address Unknown"'s charting success.
"Address Unknown" was released as the second track on the fifth side of Best Of The Ink Spots, a triple-LP compilation curated by Murray Hill Records in 1979.
Usage in Better Call Saul
"Address Unknown" experienced a resurgence in popularity and public interest after its usage in the 2015 series premiere of American crime drama series and Breaking Bad spinoff Better Call Saul.
The scene in question, the first scene in the series and shot entirely in black-and-white, features series protagonist Jimmy McGill (portrayed by Bob Odenkirk) as Gene Takavic after his illegal adoption of a fake identity created by Ed Galbraith after the events of Breaking Bad's "Granite State". Gene is a struggling and paranoid Omaha, Nebraska Cinnabon manager, and, when he is alone at his house, reminisces about his old days as Saul Goodman, watching his now-old television commercials from VHS tapes. Throughout the entire scene, "Address Unknown" is playing.
Series creators Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould spoke to Rolling Stone about the inclusion of "Address Unknown" in "Uno". Gould explains that the scene being shot in black-and-white could have motivated him to include "Address Unknown", seeming to "call for a different tone or... music from a different era." Gilligan commented that Thomas Golubić chose "Address Unknown" for inclusion in "Uno", commenting that "(Golubić) finds the most interesting and perfectly off-the-wall songs for when we're doing what we call needle drops." Gilligan further elaborates, stating that "Address Unknown" evokes a sense of wistfulness, and that the song indicates that Saul Goodman has "this feeling of bygone days, of better days that you've now passed." Vulture contributor Mike Powell stated that "Address Unknown" "conjures simpler times than the ones we know we’re getting into."
"Address Unknown" was soon rereleased with the subtitle "(From Better Call Saul)".
Another Ink Spots song, "We Three (My Echo, My Shadow and Me)" (a cover of the Frank Sinatra and Tommy Dorsey Orchestra song of the same name), was later similarly used in the Gene Takavic opening scene in "Smoke", the first episode from Better Call Saul's 4th season.
Tracklisting
Charts
References
1939 songs
1939 singles
The Ink Spots songs
Vocal jazz songs |
29939392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semen%20Gluzman | Semen Gluzman | Semen Fisheliovych Hluzman (; born 10 September 1946, Kyiv) is a Ukrainian psychiatrist and human rights activist.
He is also the president and founder of the Ukrainian Psychiatric Association, founder of the American-Ukrainian Bureau for Human Rights, director of the International Medical Rehabilitation Center for the Victims of War and Totalitarian Regimes, a member of the Council of Experts under the Ukraine's Ministry of Labor and Social Policy. He also is co-chairperson of the Babi Yar Committee and former dissident and political prisoner. He holds M.D. qualification.
Biography
His father was doctor of medical sciences Fischel Hluzman (1904 – 1987). In 1968, he graduated from the Kyiv Medical Institute. After graduation, Hluzman started working in Ukrainian psychiatric hospitals and was offered a position at the Dnipropetrovsk Special Psychiatric Hospital in a city not far from the Black Sea.
Semen Hluzman was the first psychiatrist in the Soviet Union to openly oppose Soviet abuse of psychiatry against dissenters. In 1971, Hluzman wrote an in-absentia psychiatric report on General Petro Hryhorenko who spoke against the human rights abuses in the Soviet Union. Hluzman came to the conclusion that Hryhorenko was mentally sane and had been taken to mental hospitals for political reasons. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Hluzman was forced to serve seven years in labor camp and three years in Siberian exile for defending Hryhorenko against the charge of insanity. On 28 November 1977, Amnesty International added Hluzman to its list of 92 members of the medical profession who were imprisoned for their political beliefs. While in prison Hluzman and fellow inmate Vladimir Bukovsky jointly wrote A Manual on Psychiatry for Dissidents published in Russian, English, French, Italian, German, Danish.
In the 1980s, Hluzman (who is a Jew) turned down offers to migrate to Israel by "people sent from American synagogues" and even Soviet officials.
In 1991, Hluzman founded the Ukrainian Psychiatric Association (UPA) as an independent mouthpiece and created a commission to address grievances about civil rights violations by mental health administrators.
In recognition of his courage and commitment to ethical psychiatry, Hluzman was given the title of a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatry Association and the title of an Honorary Member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists in 1980.
In 2008, Semen Hluzman was honored with the Geneva Prize for Human Rights in Psychiatry presented to him at the XIV Congress of the World Psychiatric Association in Prague for exceptional courage and adherence to ideals of humanism, for renunciation of using psychiatry against political dissidents as well as for dissemination of ethical principles during the reform of mental health service in Ukraine.
Hluzman coauthored many research papers covering psychiatry in Ukraine, the health consequences of the Chornobyl accident, their risk perceptions, suicide ideation, heavy alcohol use, nicotine dependence, intimate partner aggression.
References
Gluzman's publications
Books on Soviet psychiatry
The work in Russian was also published in: The work in English was published in:
Prose and poetry
Research papers in English without co-authors
Research papers in English with co-authors
Research papers in Russian without co-authors
The paper was also published in:
Research papers in Russian with co-authors
The paper was also published in
Research papers in Ukrainian
Articles, reports, interviews, chapters in books
1946 births
Living people
Physicians from Kyiv
Soviet Jews
Ukrainian Jews
Ukrainian psychiatrists
Psychiatry academics
Fellows of the Royal College of Psychiatrists
Soviet dissidents
Ukrainian dissidents
Soviet human rights activists
Ukrainian human rights activists
Writers from Kyiv
Ukrainian writers in Russian
Ukrainian non-fiction writers
Ukrainian medical writers
20th-century Ukrainian writers
21st-century Ukrainian writers
Soviet psychiatric abuse whistleblowers
Soviet prisoners and detainees
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by the Soviet Union
Ukrainian prisoners and detainees |
49322648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20Warrington%20Wolves%20season | 2016 Warrington Wolves season | This article details the Warrington Wolves Rugby League Football Club's 2016 season. This is the Wolves' 21st consecutive season in the Super League.
Pre season friendlies
Table
To be inserted.
Super League
Key
Regular season
Super 8's
Play-offs
Player appearances
= Injured
= Suspended
Challenge Cup
Player appearances
2016 squad statistics
Appearances and points include (Super League, Challenge Cup and Play-offs) as of 22 April 2016.
= Injured
= Suspended
2016 transfers in/out
In
Out
References
External links
Warrington Wolves Website
Warrington Wolves - SL Website
Warrington Wolves seasons
Super League XXI by club |
59632688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%20in%20Hungary | 2019 in Hungary | The following lists events in the year 2019 in Hungary.
Incumbents
President: János Áder
Prime Minister: Viktor Orbán
Speaker of the National Assembly: László Kövér
Events
January
5 January – Protest against the Overtime Work Act, marches from Hősök Tere to Kossuth tér
19 January – Nation-wide protests against the Overtime Work Act, including in front of Várkert Bazár in Budapest.
28 January – 3 February - First round of opposition primaries for the Budapest mayoral election. Gergely Karácsony (PM) defeats Csaba Horváth (MSZP).
February
The Freedom House NGO states that Hungary is no longer a free country, making it the first such country in the European Union to be so designated.
March
30 March - Renovated northern section of Metro Line 3 between Újpest-központ and Dózsa György út stations opened.
April
6 April - Renovation of the southern section of Metro Line 3 begins between Népliget and Kőbánya-Kispest.
May
14 May – The Mi Hazánk party announced the party would be forming the National Legion, a uniformed 'self-defense' group similar to Magyar Gárda, the paramilitary wing of the nationalist Jobbik party, which was banned in 2009.
26 May – The 2019 European Parliament election is held in Hungary. Fidesz (EPP) wins the majority of seats, DK (S&D) and Momentum (ALDE) replace Jobbik (NI) and MSZP (S&D) as the main opposition parties.
29 May – The Hableány disaster: Hotel ship Viking Sigyn collides with and sinks the cruise boat Hableány in Budapest, underneath Margaret Bridge. 28 people die, mostly South Korean tourists.
June
20-26 June – Second round of opposition primaries for the Budapest mayoral election. Karácsony (PM) defeats Olga Kálmán (DK) and Gábor Kerpel-Fronius (Momentum)
September
6 September – The 3rd Budapest Demographic Summit is held in Budapest. Former Prime Minister of Australia (2013-2015) Tony Abbott attend the summit. During the summit Abbott would talk about immigration.
October
13 October – The 2019 Hungarian local elections are held. Fidesz loses the mayorship of Budapest to the opposition candidate Gergely Karácsony.
Deaths
January–June
8 January – Antal Bolvári, water polo player, Olympic champion (b. 1932).
12 January – Béla Zsitnik, rower, Olympic bronze medalist (b. 1924).
23 January – Anthony de Jasay, economist and philosopher (b. 1925).
31 January – Kálmán Ihász, footballer (b. 1941).
2 March – János Koós, singer, parodist and actor (b. 1937).
14 March – Ilona Novák, swimmer, Olympic champion (b. 1925).
16 June – Erzsébet Gulyás-Köteles, gymnast, Olympic silver medalist and champion (b. 1924)
July–December
3 October – Márta Balogh, Hungarian handball player (Budapesti Spartacus SC, national team), world champion (1965) (b. 1943)
10 November – István Szívós, Hall of Fame water polo player and Olympic champion (1976) (b. 1948)
9 December – Imre Varga, sculptor and painter (b. 1923)
21 December – Krisztián Zahorecz, footballer (Kaposvári Rákóczi, Szolnoki MÁV, Bajai LSE) (b. 1975)
28 December – Erzsébet Szőnyi, Hungarian composer and music pedagogue, vice-president of the International Society for Music Education (1970–1974) (b. 1924)
See also
2019 European Parliament election
List of Hungarian films since 1990
References
2010s in Hungary
Years of the 21st century in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary |
29039349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie%20Matheson | Annie Matheson | Annie Matheson (1853–1924) was a British Victorian era poet. She was known to have written one of the first biographies of Florence Nightingale as well as several volumes of meditative and lyrical poetry. Because her poems were primarily centered on the ethical and spiritual experience of life, several Christian denominations have been known to appreciate her work. As evidenced by her several publications, she greatly advocated for the alleviation of poverty and social injustice in hope of reform. She contributed to several contemporary periodicals by writing short essays and biographies. Although she published several works, there is no significant biographical account of Matheson's life.
Life
Annie Matheson was born in Blackheath, Kent on 29 March 1853. She was the daughter of Rev. James Matheson, a Congregationalist minister in Nottingham and his wife Elizabeth née Cripps, and older sister to Percy Ewing Matheson besides 9 other siblings. Privately educated in Nottingham, Matheson discovered a passion for writing as she began to contribute to literary journalism. Her religious family background seems to have greatly influenced her outlook and writing. Her work exhibited both selflessness and confidence. Though one of a large family, she neither married nor had children. The 1911 England Census records her as living at the age of fifty-eight at Beutham, Maybury Hill, Woking as a "spinster" and head of the household, whose occupation was literature and journalism.
Literary work
At the age of thirty-seven, she published her first book, The Religion of Humanity and Other Poems (1890). In 1899, Matheson published Selected Poems Old and New as a compilation of popular shorter poems. Many preceding publications encompassed her strong faith and the beauty of God's nature. In her book, Leave of Prose...With Two Studies by May Sinclair (1912), her writing shifted to a more social-critical perspective as she evaluated hard work and knowledge. Children were her primary audience as she wrote The Story of a Brave Child: A Child's Life of Joan of Arc (1910) because she wanted them to understand the power of faith upon an individual.
In her well-known book Florence Nightingale: A biography (1913), Matheson described Nightingale's greatest accomplishment, the invention of modern nursing, in 374 pages. She acknowledged Nightingale's generous motivations and tireless efforts during the Crimean War to care for the British wounded. By reading this biography, contemporary readers learned of Nightingale's campaign for sanitation and her establishment of public-healthcare in Britain.
Following this publication, Matheson returned to publishing several volumes for children in a series called "Rose and Dragon," which includes A Plain Friend (1920) However, the series was never finished due to her death on 16 March 1924 in London.
Critical reception
Critics of Matheson at St. James Gazette pointed out that she was "not one of those women poets who strive to write as men; she has the characteristics of her sex, and is before all things gentle, sympathetic, humane." Others, like The Westminster Review, criticized her work as "poetry of the head and not the heart...which binds it and restraints it so as to let no free abandonment of utterance". According to a critical essay by Alfred Miles, Matheson's The Religion of Humanity and Other Poems (1890), has "impressed those able to discriminate by its earnestness of purpose, nobility of thought, and distinction of style and form."
Publications
(1890) The Religion of Humanity and Other Poems
(1894) Love's Music and Other New Poems
(1898) Love Triumphant, and Other New Poems
(1899) Selected Poems Old and New
(1900) Snowflakes and Snowdrops. Christmas Rhymes and Valentine Verses for Schoolroom and Nursery.
(1909) By Divers Paths: The Note-Book of Seven Wayfarers
(1910) The Story of a Brave Child: A Child's Life of Joan of Arc
(1911) Roses, loaves, and old rhymes
(1912) Leaves of Prose... With Two Studies by May Sinclair
(1913) Florence Nightingale: a biography. London: Nelson.
(1913) Maytime Songs
(1920) A Plain Friend
(1920) Our Hero of the Golden Heart... With Biography and Portrait of D. O. Barnett
(1921) Hal's Book for Children of All Ages
References
External links
Works by Annie Matheson at Internet Archive
Works by Annie Matheson at HathiTrust
Victorian poets
Victorian women writers
1853 births
1924 deaths
British women poets
British biographers
British women biographers
19th-century British women writers
19th-century British writers |
45705499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba%20Garib%20Sthan%20Mandir | Baba Garib Sthan Mandir | Baba Garibnath Dham (बाबा गरीबनाथ धाम) is a holy sacred place of Hinduism in Muzaffarpur in the Indian state of Bihar. Baba Garib Dham is one of the oldest temples of Lord Shiva and known as the Deoghar of Bihar. Devotees from all across the district and state come here to pray and wish for their better life ahead, It is believed that prayer during the month of Sawan has special significance, which helps to fulfill all wishes.
This temple is a place of pilgrimage and tourists.
History
According to religious beliefs, Baba Garibnath Dham has a history of about three hundred years. It is believed that earlier there was a dense forest and there were seven Peepal Tree in between. It is said that at the time of the cutting of these trees, blood-red substances started coming out and a huge Shivling was found here. People tell that Baba appeared in the land owner's dream, since then worship is being here.
Location
Baba Garib Asthan is located near Purani bazar in Muzaffarpur.
Nearby Railway Station:- Muzaffarpur jn. (MFP)
Nearby Bus Stand:- Imlichatti, Muzaffarpur
People can also take other public transport via road, such as auto rikshaw or e-rickshaw.
References
Hindu temples in Bihar
Buildings and structures in Muzaffarpur
Shiva temples in Bihar |
14228456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dounet | Dounet | Dounet is a town and sub-prefecture in the Mamou Prefecture in the Mamou Region of Guinea.
References
Sub-prefectures of the Mamou Region |
35128767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danoli | Danoli | Danoli (14 May 1988 – April 2006) was an Irish Thoroughbred racehorse. He was best known for his successes in hurdle races, although he also had success in steeplechases later in his career. Danoli was described as the most popular racehorse in Ireland during the 1990s, and was regarded as "the People's Champion". His successes were achieved despite the fact that his career was frequently disrupted by injury. He was noted for a rivalry with another Irish horse, Dorans Pride.
Background
Danoli was a bay horse with a small white star and a white sock on his rear left foot. He was sired by the successful National Hunt stallion The Parson out of the mare Blaze Gold.
As a three-year-old gelding he was sent to the Goffs sales in June 1991, but failed to attract a buyer. He was subsequently acquired by Dan O'Neill and sent into training with Tom Foley at his stables near Bagenalstown in County Carlow. The horse was named by combining the name of his owner Dan O'Neill with that of his daughter, Olivia Among the jockeys to ride Danoli were Charlie Swan and Tommy Treacey.
Racing career
1992–1993: National Hunt flat races
Danoli began his career by running in National Hunt flat races (also known as "bumpers") in the 1992/1993 season. He was unbeaten in three starts, winning two races at Naas and one at Punchestown.
1993–1996: hurdle races
In the 1993/1994 season he began to race over hurdles and won his first two starts before he was beaten by Winter Belle at Leopardstown in December. Despite this defeat he was promoted to run against more experienced hurdlers in the Grade I Irish Champion Hurdle at Leopardstown and finished second to the odds-on favourite Fortune and Fame. He was ten lengths clear of the other runners who included the Champion Hurdler Granville Again. Three weeks later at the same course he won the Deloitte and Touche Hurdle by ten lengths and was then sent to England to contest the Grade I Sun Alliance Novices' Hurdle at the Cheltenham Festival. He was a popular choice with the large Irish contingent and was sent off the 7/4 favourite against twenty-two opponents. Ridden by Charlie Swan he took the lead four hurdles from the finish and stayed on to win by two lengths from Corrouge. Describing the reaction of the crowd, George Ennor of the Racing Post wrote that "they cheered him down to the start, they cheered him as he started, they cheered more loudly as he took the lead, and they raised the roof as he passed the post in front." Having defeated the best of the English and Irish novices, Danoli next faced a much stronger field in the Aintree Hurdle a month later. He started 9/2 third favourite behind the newly crowned English champion Flakey Dove and Fortune and Fame. Swan tracked the leader Muse before going into the lead three hurdles from the finish. Danoli went into a clear lead and was never seriously challenged, winning by eight lengths from Mole Board, with Fortune and Fame third and Flakey Dove fifth.
Danoli began the 1994/1995 season by winning the Morgiana Hurdle at odds of 1/5 and then beat Doran's Pride by eight lengths in the Grade I Hatton's Grace Hurdle. For the second year in succession, Danoli's winning run came to an end at Leopardstown's Christmas meeting. In the Grade III Christmas Hurdle he jumped poorly and was struggling two hurdles out before finishing a remote second to Doran's Pride. Danoli did not run again before the Champion Hurdle at Cheltenham on 14 March, for which he started 4/1 joint favourite. He finished third, beaten seven lengths by the top class flat racer Alderbrook, with Large Action in second. On his final run of the season, Danoli returned to England for a second Aintree Hurdle. He was always among the leaders and ran on gamely in the closing stages to win by three quarters of a length from Boro Eight, with Large Action third and Doran's Pride fourth. Danoli returned from the race badly lame, and examinations revealed a fracture of the cannon bone in his right foreleg. He was operated on at the University of Liverpool's Leahurst Veterinary College, and his future as a racehorse was left in the balance.
After a hiatus of more than nine months, Danoli returned with his new regular jockey Tommy Treacy and finished third in the Irish Champion Hurdle. His comeback from injury was received with such enthusiasm by the public and the media that the winner, Collier Bay was virtually ignored. He attracted a record crowd to Gowran Park in February for the Red Mills Trial Hurdle and won by eight lengths. The Glasgow Daily Record described the scenes at the course as resembling "a huge, happy, raucous party". He started 5/1 second favourite for the Champion Hurdle and finished fourth behind Collier Bay, Alderbrook and Pridwell. His bid for a third Aintree Hurdle ended in failure as he ran third to the novice Urubande.
1996–2000: steeplechases
The 1996/1997 season saw Danoli switched to racing over larger obstacles as he began his career as a steeplechaser. He won minor races at Clonmel and Naas before falling for the first time in his career in a race at Fairyhouse won by Doran's Pride. At Leopardstown on Boxing Day he won his first major race over fences as he beat the English challenger Land Afar by seven lengths in the Denny Gold Medal Chase. Danoli fell in the Arkle Novice Chase in January and then contested one of Ireland's most prestigious weight-for-age chase, the Hennessy Gold Cup at Leopardstown on 2 February. The field of experienced steeplechasers included the Cheltenham Gold Cup winners Jodami and Imperial Call as well as the multiple Grade I winner Merry Gale. Ridden by Treacy, Danoli disputed the lead from the start and stayed on under pressure to win by one and a half lengths from Jodami. His victory was greeted with enthusiastic celebrations from the Irish crowd, who treated him as an "equine folk hero". Danoli was made second favourite for the Cheltenham Gold Cup but was never going well and looked beaten when he fell two fences from the finish.
Injury problems kept Danoli off the racecourse for nineteen months. He returned in October 1998 and finished third to Doran's Pride in a race at Gowran Park, but was then sidelined by injury yet again. In February 2000, now twelve years old, Danoli unseated Treacy in the Hennessy but then showed signs of returning form as he finished third to Micko's Dream at Naas and second to His Song in the Grade II Newlands Chase at Navan Racecourse. Danoli returned to Navan on 25 March and recorded his first win in over three years by beating Jeffell by two and a half lengths. On his final appearance five weeks later, he fell at the sixth fence in the Punchestown Gold Cup.
Retirement
Danoli's retirement was announced in August 2000 with Foley explaining that "he's given us some great memories and is a horse we'll hardly ever see the like of again. We just don't want to take any kind of chance with him in a chase and see him being put down." Danoli spent most of his retirement at the Irish National Stud, Kildare. During retirement he became inseparable from another favourite race horse from the 1990s, the Melbourne Cup winner Vintage Crop. He was euthanised in April 2006 after suffering from a severe bout of colic. According to Tom Foley, "they tried everything they could and had no choice but to put him down."
Pedigree
References
1988 racehorse births
2006 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Ireland
Racehorses trained in Ireland
Thoroughbred family 42 |
22550005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crassoascus | Crassoascus | Crassoascus is a genus of fungi in the family Clypeosphaeriaceae.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
Xylariales |
57927653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Leat | Anna Leat | Anna Jessica Leat (born 26 June 2001) is a New Zealand professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for English Women's Super League club Aston Villa and the New Zealand women's national team.
Personal life
Leat was born in Arrowtown. She attended Rangitoto College in Auckland and was named the school's Sportswomen of the Year in 2017 and 2018.
College career
In February 2019, Leat started studying at Georgetown University and joined the Georgetown Hoyas as a freshman. she would play 18 games, starting in 16 and only allowing 19 goals, helping the Hoyas to 10 wins. She returned to New Zealand after the coronavirus pandemic began.
Club career
Leat played for both East Coast Bays and Glenfield Rovers while at high school. While playing for East Coast Bays, she became the first female to be named in a Chatham Cup squad in the 2021 edition.
On 7 August 2021 it was announced that Leat had signed with West Ham United who play in the FA Women's Super League. On 11 May 2022, West Ham United confirmed that Leat was not offered a new contract and would depart at the end of the season.
On 13 July 2022 Aston Villa announced the signing of Leat for the 2022–23 season. Leat made her Villa debut on 1 October 2022, in a FA Women's League Cup game against Manchester United. After the match ended in a 1–1 draw, Aston Villa won on penalties thanks to four saves by Leat.
International career
Leat made her senior starting début at 16 years old, in a 5–0 win over Thailand on 28 November 2017.
On 25 November 2018, Leat was part of the New Zealand U17 side who became the first New Zealand team in either women's or men's football to qualify for a semi-final at a World Cup. Leat helped the team win its quarter-final against Japan at the U-17 Women's World Cup in Uruguay by saving two penalties and scoring the winning goal. Her final penalty goal won the public vote as the favourite sporting moment at the 2018 Halberg Awards. The team would then lose 0–2 to Spain in the semi-final but win New Zealand's first ever medal at a World Cup by beating Canada in the third place match.
Leat has also played at the 2016 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup in Jordan, the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in France, the 2019 FFA Cup of Nations, the 2020 Algarve Cup. and the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.
Career statistics
Club
International
Honours
National team U-17
3rd place U-17 World Cup: 2018
Individual
Halberg Awards: 2018 Favourite Sporting Moment
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
New Zealand women's association footballers
New Zealand women's international footballers
Expatriate women's footballers in England
Women's association football goalkeepers
Footballers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic association footballers for New Zealand
People educated at Rangitoto College
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in England
Aston Villa W.F.C. players
New Zealand expatriate women's association footballers
Georgetown Hoyas women's soccer players
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate women's soccer players in the United States
Sportspeople from Otago
West Ham United F.C. Women players
People from Arrowtown
East Coast Bays AFC players
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players |
67611055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Tersich%20von%20Cadesich | Peter Tersich von Cadesich | General Petar Terzić also spelled Peter Tersich von Cadesich (Serbian Cyrillic: Генерал Петар Терзић; Kovilj, Slavonia, Habsburg monarchy, 1739 - Pančevo, Banat, Habsburg Monarchy, 22 December 1806) was an Austrian nobleman, major general who fought in both the Ottoman and Napoleonic wars.
Biography
Petar Terzić was born in 1739 in Kovilj in Slavonia the part of the Military Frontier of the ever-present conflict between the forces of two empires from the early 1600s into the 1900s. Petar Terzić came from an old Serbian family with a military history dating back in time. In 1751 he became a cadet; in 1752, an ensign; and in 1753, lieutenant. As a graduate cadet of the Imperial-Royal Army in the Habsburg Monarchy, he rose through the military ranks, in 1965, he was promoted to captain; and by 1790, he was a colonel.
In the Serbian Banat there were the occasional occurrence of depriving officers and frontier guardsmen of their rank. Terzić would always support the Serbian claim in military lawsuits when General Peter Duka came to adjudicate even though Duka sought to blunt the accusations.
In 1804 when the First Serbian Uprising broke out, Terzić openly supported Karađorđe's Serbia at a time when Austria stood neutral. Again Terzić found himself in trouble with his superiors for supporting Serb rebels and, if it were not for General Duka's intervention at a trial, General Terzić would have faced a court-martial. It was Terzić who recorded the exact date of the start of the Serbian Revolution, "7 March 1804".
He was promoted to brigadier general in 1794 and on 21 August 1796 he received the rank of General Major. He retired in 1807 but died the following year at the age of 67.
See also
Peter Duka von Kadar
Martin von Dedovich
Joseph von Dedovich
Paul Dimich
Ignaz Stojanich
Aron Stanisavljević
Andreas von Stoichevich
References
1739 births
1806 deaths
People from Slavonia
Major generals
Austro-Hungarian generals
Austrian Empire commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Austro-Turkish Wars |
28023276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traddelkopf | Traddelkopf | Traddelkopf is a mountain of Landkreis Waldeck-Frankenberg, Hesse, Germany.
Mountains of Hesse
Mountains and hills of the Kellerwald |
3123374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl%20City%20%28Boca%20Raton%29 | Pearl City (Boca Raton) | Pearl City is a neighborhood in Boca Raton, Florida, immediately north of downtown. The neighborhood was originally platted on May 30, 1915 for the blue-collar African Americans employed at the Boca Raton Resort and similar establishments, on area farms, in construction, and various other jobs.
There is little evidence on the origin of the name, but it is often theorized that Pearl City was named after the Hawaiian pearl pineapple, a major crop grown in the area at the time.
Crime
Pearl City, and the adjourning community of Lincoln Court, as well as the Dixie Manor housing projects (a property of the Boca Raton Housing Authority), are classified as low-income because of the high levels of poverty. The Boca Raton Police Department held an investigation in the 1980s, after identifying the area as a place of communal crack cocaine use.
Revitalization
The neighborhood was designated a historic district by the decree of the Boca Raton City Council in 2002. Streets had also been resurfaced with asphalt after decades of neglect and deterioration.
There is a Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, set in a small park on the grounds of Ebenezer Baptist Church, at the northeast corner of the Pearl City neighborhood.
References
External links
Boca Raton Historical Society: Pearl City
Boca Raton, Florida
Neighborhoods in Florida
Populated places established in 1915
African-American history of Florida |
50547413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serota | Serota | Serota may refer to:
Beatrice Serota, Baroness Serota (née Katz; 1919–2002), British Government minister and a Deputy Speaker of the House of Lords, mother of Nicholas Serota
Nicholas Serota (born 1946), director of the Tate art museums and galleries
Serota, a town possibly held by the Celtic tribe Serretes
See also
Sir Nicholas Serota Makes an Acquisitions Decision, a painting of the Stuckism art movement
"Serota tendency", a term coined by Brian Sewell
Sirota, a surname |
1208270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20metal | Bell metal | Bell metal or bell bronze is an alloy used for making bells and related instruments, such as cymbals. It is a form of bronze with a higher tin content than most other bronzes, usually in approximately a 4:1 ratio of copper to tin (typically, 78% copper, 22% tin by mass). The higher tin content increases the rigidity of the metal, and increases the resonance. Historically, it was preferred for early cannons. Today, it also has industrial uses, being specified for valve bodies, piston rings, bearings, and bushings.
Metallurgy
Tin and copper are relatively soft metals that will deform on striking (though tin to a lesser extent than copper), but alloying the two creates a metal (bell metal) which is harder and less ductile and also one with more elasticity than either of the two original metals. This metal combination produces a tough, long-wearing material that is resistant to oxidation and subject only to an initial surface weathering. Verdigris forms a protective patina on the surface of bells which coats and protects them against further oxidation. Specifically, it is the combination of low internal damping and low internal sound velocity that makes bell metal specially suitable for resonant percussion instruments.
Usage
Bells
Most commonly, as per its colloquial name, bell metal has been and is used for the casting of high-quality bells. The metal used is a high-tin alloy of copper and tin with approximately a 4:1 ratio of copper to tin (78% copper, 22% tin). This is a much higher tin component than that used, for example, in statuary bronze.
The range of percentages of tin content can vary from 20% to 26%, depending on the founder who has arrived empirically at their own alloy ratio. It has been found that increasing the tin content increases the decay time of the bell strike, thus making the bell more sonorous. Taking into consideration overall properties, such as tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance, cast quality, sound, and cost, the optimum alloy can probably be obtained by having a type bronze composition as: ~20wt.% tin, < 2wt.% nickel, < 1.5wt.% lead, ~0.01wt.% phosphorus, < 1wt.% antimony, with balance of copper. Bell metal in this range of ratios has been used for more than 3,000 years and is known for its resonance and "attractive sound." The crystal lattice formation of this alloy is able to absorb high-impact energies, such as from a bell clapper, without distortion, which is the case when the bell is struck. This results in a resonant sound and causes the bell to vibrate strongly in a complex nodal system.
In Russia, church bells are commonly cast with a unique mixture of copper and tin, often with silver added, to produce their unique sonority and resonance, mastered early in Russian Christian history.
In esoteric Buddhism (e.g., Vajrayana), handbells and singing bells may be cast with a special 5-Metal alloy. Each of the metals represents one of the 5 Buddhas / Wisdoms:
There is no standard proportion to the metals used in this alloy, although it is often around 75% copper and 20% tin with low proportions of the other metals. A 7-Metal alloy containing trace amounts of silver and gold (representing Absolute and Relative Truth) is also sometimes used. A similar alloy is employed for the gongs, saron, demung, and numerous other struck metallophones of the Indonesian gamelan ensembles. In this case the tin:copper ratio is traditionally given as 3:10 by weight. Whereas bells are cast and then left to cool, the metal of Indonesian gongs and metallophones is cast as rough blanks which are then hot-forged to their final shape with hammers.
Cymbals
Cannons
Bell metal was used to cast many early Spanish, Portuguese and "Malay" cannons, most notably the Malay cannon known erroneously as Rentaka. In Java, bell metal mixtures including tin were also used for the manufacture of figurines, objets d'art, sculptures and household goods for the wealthy. This material was also adopted by the Javanese-influenced cultures of Thailand, Khmer and Myanmar. Bell metal is particularly prized for its excellent sonorous qualities, also found in bell metal cannons which produce a distinct, loud ring when fired.
The Javanese lantaka was first cast in bell metal under an Empu of the early Majapahit Empire and spread into the surrounding islands of the Nusantara, Javanese skill in gunsmithing and cannon-founding affording military dominance over the surrounding area. Later, disaffected smiths and noble entourages emigrating from Java brought these cannon-founding skill to Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Myanmar. When Ternate was captured by the Spanish, they were astounded to find over 3,000 very finely cast bell metal cannons in the walled compound, although humorously to the Spaniards these were tied upright to veranda poles, used as lingam household decorations rather than weapons. The Spanish and Portuguese were equally astounded to find their European bronze cannon offerings to the Javanese rejected as inferior in quality, as they rightly were.
After the Dutch victories, Javanese-smithed cannons of Makassar, Ternate, and the surrounding islands were taken as reparations, considered by the Dutch
as made of bronze superior to their own, and subsequently melted down and recast in Dutch standard calibres and bores.
Culturally, Javanese bronze cannons and their regional derivatives were traditionally part of a dowry, and offering a poor-quality cast bronze cannon was a supreme insult. Brunei and Malaysia retain the tradition of a token cannon as a dowry for weddings, and many celebrations are opened with a celebratory shot.
Utensils
In India, in the state of Assam, it is called while in West Bengal and Odisha, , it is called in Kannada and is used for cooking and eating utensils. Sarthebari in Barpeta district of Assam holds a unique place in the production of utensils. In Assam, utensils of have many religious uses and the most unusual utensils, and , are used to give offerings and puja or to show respect to honored guests and dignitaries. Belaguntha in Ganjam district, Kantilo in Nayagarh, and Balakati near Bhubaneswar are well known for this craft in Odisha.
In the state of Kerala, ( vessels) bring back memories of (jackfruit halva). In summer when jackfruits are available aplenty, huge quantities of would be made in the backyard over a log fire and consumed in a trice, the richness of fruits, jaggery and ghee. are made from bell metal. (also made from a kind of bell metal) is synonymous with a Tamil bride's first when freshly harvested rice is offered to the sun god with turmeric and sugarcane.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
2008 paper - Analysis of high tin bronze for bells
Bronze
Copper alloys
Tin alloys
Artillery of India |
33894084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrgulina%20densecostata | Pyrgulina densecostata | Pyrgulina densecostata is a species of very small sea snail, a pyramidellid gastropod micromollusk. This genus is currently placed in the subfamily Chrysallidinae of the family Pyramidellidae.
Description
The very thin shell is elongate-ovate, subdiaphanous, milk-white, and shining. It measures 4 mm. The nuclear whorls are almost completely obliquely immersed in the first post-nuclear whorl. The eight post-nuclear whorls are rounded, rather inflated, and moderately shouldered. They are marked by many well-developed, regular, rounded, toward the aperture slanting axial ribs, of which twenty occur upon the second, twenty-four upon the fifth, and thirty upon the penultimate whorl. These ribs are somewhat thickened at their posterior extremity and give the summits of the whorls a beaded appearance. The intercostal spaces are a little wider than the ribs, crossed by many incised spiral lines, which are about as wide as the raised spaces between them. These incised spiral lines are a little less strongly developed on the posterior portion of the whorls, where the ribs are thickened, but anterior to these thickenings they are very regular and regularly-spaced. There are eighteen on the fifth and twenty-six on the penultimate whorl. The periphery and the base of the body whorl are well rounded, the latter marked by the strong continuations of the axial ribs, which extend almost undiminished to the umbilical region. The intercostal spaces on the base are marked like those between the sutures by twenty-two incised spiral lines. The sutures are well marked. The aperture is moderately large. The posterior angle is acute. The outer lip is thin, showing the external sculpture within. The junction of columella and the outer lip is well rounded. The columella is decidedly curved, thin, somewhat revolute, provided with a prominent oblique fold, a little anterior to its insertion. This fold joins the columella in such a manner as to give this a decidedly sigmoid curve. The parietal wall lacks a callus.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off the Viti Levu Group, Fiji.
References
External links
Pyramidellidae
Gastropods described in 1873 |
15896733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Sigismond%2C%20Maine-et-Loire | Saint-Sigismond, Maine-et-Loire | Saint-Sigismond () is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.
See also
Communes of the Maine-et-Loire department
References
Saintsigismond |
53128866 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Turnbull | Oliver Turnbull | Oliver Turnbull (3 June 1919 – 19 February 2009) was a Scotland international rugby union footballer, who played as a centre.
Rugby career
Amateur career
Turnbull played for Kelso. He captained the side; and Kelso shared the 'unofficial' Scottish championship title with Aberdeen GSFP in the 1947–48 season.
He retired from rugby union in 1952.
Provincial career
Turnbull played for South for over a decade.
He also captained the Co-Optimists.
International career
He was capped for twice in 1951, playing in one Five Nations match of that year, against ; and then he was capped playing against .
He was a late debutant for Scotland, wearing the dark blue shirt for the first time at the age of 32.
Turnbull played for the Barbarians three times in 1951.
Outside of rugby
Turnbull had a year with the King's Own Scottish Borderers.
He worked in forestry and farming. His father owned a sawmill business in Kelso. Turnbull had his farm at Hiltonshill Farm, St. Boswells.
References
1919 births
2009 deaths
Barbarian F.C. players
Kelso RFC players
Rugby union players from Melrose, Scottish Borders
Scotland international rugby union players
Scottish rugby union players
South of Scotland District (rugby union) players
Rugby union centres |
12661299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasuhiro%20Wada%20%28Honda%29 | Yasuhiro Wada (Honda) | Yasuhiro Wada (和田 康裕 Wada Yasuhiro, born 10 September 1951) is the Japanese former Chairman of the defunct Honda F1 team and the General Manager of the Honda Motor Motorsports Division.
Career
Early career
Wada joined the Honda Motor Company in 1974 and worked until his promotion in 1985 to the American Honda division. After a further five years, Wada moved to the Honda PR Division before becoming a director of Honda Motor Europe in 1997.
Involvement in motorsports
Wada's involvement in motorsports started in the year 2000, when he was made the General Manager of the Honda Motor Motorsports Division, a position he still holds to this day. In 2005, amidst Honda's increasing financial stake and growing sporting influence in the BAR Formula One team, Wada was made a Management Board member of the BAR Honda Formula One team.
When Honda brought a controlling interest in the BAR team for 2006, renaming it Honda Racing Wada was confirmed in a similar role there too. Wada was a strong supporter behind Honda's decision to create Super Aguri. In April 2008, Wada stepped down to become the general manager Public Relation of Honda Motor. Keita Muramatsu succeeded as the General Manager of Motorsports Division with Hiroshi Oshima assumed overall responsibility of Motor Sports.
Personal life
Wada was born in Tokyo, Japan on 10 September 1951 and he now lives with his wife in Oxford, England. Wada's hobbies include motorcycling, photography and model making.
References
1951 births
Living people
Honda people
Formula One people
Japanese motorsport people |
24096886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybodontidae | Hybodontidae | Hybodontidae is an extinct family of hybodonts that first appeared in the Mississippian subperiod of the Carboniferous and disappeared at the end of the Late Cretaceous. The Permian-Triassic extinction event only had a limited effect on hybodont diversity.
See also
Hybodontiformes (detailed discussion of hybodonts in general)
References
Hybodontiformes
Carboniferous sharks
Permian sharks
Triassic sharks
Jurassic sharks
Cretaceous sharks
Shark families
Prehistoric cartilaginous fish families |
57186613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathalassiinae | Parathalassiinae | Parathalassiinae is a subfamily of flies in the family Dolichopodidae. It is part of an extended concept of the family, Dolichopodidae sensu lato, and forms a monophyletic group with Dolichopodidae sensu stricto. It was once placed provisionally in the subfamily Microphorinae as the tribe Parathalassiini.
According to Germann et al. (2011), there is strong evidence for placing Parathalassiinae within Dolichopodidae sensu stricto.
Genera
The subfamily currently includes 12 genera:
Amphithalassius Ulrich, 1991
†Archichrysotus Negrobov, 1978
Chimerothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert, 2003
†Cretomicrophorus Negrobov, 1978
†Electrophorella Cumming & Brooks, 2002
Eothalassius Shamshev & Grootaert, 2005
Microphorella Becker, 1909
Neothalassius Brooks & Cumming, 2016
Parathalassius Mik, 1891
Plesiothalassius Ulrich, 1991
†Retinitus Negrobov, 1978
Thalassophorus Saigusa, 1986
References
External links
Dolichopodidae subfamilies |
27329136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Zeskind | Leonard Zeskind |
Leonard Zeskind is an American human rights activist. He is president of the Institute for Research and Education of Human Rights (IREHR). For thirteen years prior concentration on human rights, he worked in industry.
Since 1982, he has been a community activist and human rights advocate. He is known for his research into extreme right, racist, and anti-Semitic organizations in the United States. The Institute for Research and Education of Human Rights served as a resource about such groups and their members when information about them rose dramatically following the storming of the capitol of the United States on January 6, 2021.
He is a lifetime member of the NAACP. He also has served on the board of directors of the Petra Foundation and the Kansas City Jewish Community Relations Bureau.
Zeskind wrote the book entitled Blood and Politics.
Awards
1998 MacArthur Fellows Program
1992 Petra Foundation Fellowship
Works
Blood and Politics: The History of White Nationalism from the Margins to the Mainstream, Macmillan, 2009,
References
External links
Author's website
"Leonard Zeskind: Blood and Politics", Open Source Audio
"Right-Wing Extremism Expert Leonard Zeskind Analyzes the Movement That Nurtures Shooters Like Von Brunn and Roeder", Buzzflash, 06/11/2009
"Leonard Zeskind on the Minutemen", Everyday Citizen, Stuart Elliott, March 19, 2008
Leonard Zeskind featured on Real Law Radio, Leonard talks with Bob DiCello on the legal news talk radio program, Real Law Radio, about the infiltration of the Tea Party Movement by white supremacists (Podcasts/Saturday March 27, 2010).
American human rights activists
American male journalists
Living people
1950 births
MacArthur Fellows
Jewish American community activists
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American Jews |
141978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehe%20Province | Rehe Province | Rehe Province, known at the time as Jehol Province from an earlier romanization, was a former Chinese special administrative region and province centered on the city of Rehe, now known as Chengde.
Administration
Rehe was north of the Great Wall and east of Mongolia in southwestern Manchuria. Its capital and largest city was Chengde. The second largest city was Chaoyang, followed by Chifeng. The province covered 114,000 square kilometers.
History
Rehe was once at the core of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty. Rehe was conquered by the Manchu banners before they took possession of Beijing in 1644. Between 1703 and 1820, the Qing emperors spent almost each summer in their summer Mountain Resort in Chengde. They governed the empire from Chengde, and received there foreign diplomats and representatives of vassal and tributary countries. The Kangxi emperor restricted the admission to the forests and prairies of Rehe to the court's hunting expeditions and to the maintenance of the imperial cavalry. Agricultural settlements were at first forbidden to Han Chinese. In the early 19th century, by which time Rehe had become part of the province of Zhili, migrants from Hebei and Liaoning settled in Rehe and displaced the Mongol communities.
The Republic of China created the Jehol Special Area in 1914 and Jehol Province in 1923. To form a buffer zone between China proper and Japanese-controlled Manchukuo, the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Jehol in Operation Nekka on 21 January 1933. It was subsequently annexed by the Empire of Manchukuo, as Jehol Province. The seizure of Jehol deteriorated relations between Japan and China, and was one of the incidents that led to the Second Sino-Japanese War.
At the end of World War II, when the Republic of China resumed control of Manchuria, the Kuomintang government continued to administer the area as a separate province, reverting its name to Jehol Province, with its capital in Hailar. After the Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War, establishment of the People's Republic of China, and enactment of pinyin in 1958, the area has retrospectively become known as Rehe Province. However, the province had already been divided between Hebei Province, Liaoning Province, Tianjin, and Inner Mongolia in 1955.
Bibliography
Hedin, Sven (1933). Jehol: City of Emperors. Reprint (2000): Pilgrim's Book House, Varanasi. .
Forêt, Philippe (2000). "Mapping Chengde. The Qing Landscape Enterprise". 2000: University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. .
Provinces of the Republic of China (1912–1949)
Former provinces of China
Provinces of Manchukuo
States and territories established in 1923
States and territories disestablished in 1955 |
8590511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimbus%20Film | Nimbus Film | Nimbus Film is Denmark's third largest film production company.
Nimbus Film has to date produced more than 30 feature films and many shorts and documentaries.
Of their more known feature films are the Dogme 95 movies The Celebration (1998, directed by Thomas Vinterberg) which won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival in 1998, and Mifune's Last Song (1999, directed by Søren Kragh-Jacobsen) which won the Silver Bear at Berlin International Film Festival 1999. Recent successes include A Soap (2006, directed by Pernille Fischer Christensen) also winner of the Silver Bear at Berlin International Film Festival in 2006, and the World War II film Flame & Citron (2008, directed by Ole Christian Madsen) a huge box office hit in Denmark in 2008, and distributed worldwide. In 2010 Thomas Vinterberg's Submarino was selected to the main competition at The Berlin Film Festival.
Nimbus Film was founded in 1993 by Birgitte Hald and Bo Ehrhardt, who today own the company alongside the TF1 Group-owned Newen, who took a 33% stake in the company in 2018.
Selected productions
The Beast Within (1995) by Carsten Rudolf
The Greatest Heroes (1996) by Thomas Vinterberg
The Celebration (1998) by Thomas Vinterberg
Pizza King (1999) by Ole Christian Madsen
Mifune's Last Song (1999) by Søren Kragh-Jacobsen
Detector (2000, co-production) by Pål Jackman
Miracle (2000) by Natasha Arthy
Max (2000) by Trine Piil Christensen
Kira's Reason (2001) by Ole Christian Madsen
Catch That Girl (Klatretøsen) (2002) by Hans Fabian Wullenweber
Gemini (2003) by Hans Fabian Wullenweber
Scratch (2003) by Anders Gustafsson
Torremolinos 73 (2003, co-production) by Pablo Berger
Skagerrak (2003) by Søren Kragh-Jacobsen
Old, New, Borrowed and Blue (2003) by Natasha Arthy
It's All About Love (2003) by Thomas Vinterberg
King's Game (2004) by Nikolaj Arcel
Niceland (2004, co-production) by Fridrik Thor Fridriksson
Count to 100 (2004) by Linda Krogsøe Holmberg
Dark Horse (2005) by Dagur Kári
Angels in Fast Motion (2005) by Ole Christian Madsen
Dear Wendy (2005, co-production) by Thomas Vinterberg
Prague (2006) by Ole Christian Madsen
A Soap (2006) by Pernille Fischer Christensen
Island of Lost Souls (2007, co-production) by Nikolaj Arcel
A Man Comes Home (2007) by Thomas Vinterberg
White Night (2007) by Jannik Johansen
Cecilie (2007) by Hans Fabian Wullenweber
Fighter (2007) by Natasha Arthy
Flame & Citron (2008) by Ole Christian Madsen
What No One Knows (2008) by Søren Kragh-Jacobsen
Over Gaden Under Vandet (2009) by Charlotte Sieling
Camping (2009 film) (2009) by Jacob Bitsch
Sorte Kugler (2009) by Anders Matthesen
Flugten (2009) by Kathrine Windfeld
Eksperimentet (2010) by Louise Friedberg
Submarino (2010) by Thomas Vinterberg
Valhalla Rising (2010) by Nicolas Winding Refn
Hold om mig (2010) by Karpar Munk
Superclàsico (2011) by Ole Christian Madsen
Bora Bora (2011) by Hans Fabian Wullenweber
References
External links
Film production companies of Denmark
Mass media companies based in Copenhagen
Danish companies established in 1993
Companies based in Copenhagen Municipality |
5088346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Soul%20Mate | The Soul Mate | "The Soul Mate" is the 136th episode of the American television sitcom Seinfeld. This was the second episode for the eighth season, originally airing on September 26, 1996. In this episode, George tries to figure out what caused the damage to a briefcase he left behind at a meeting of the Susan Ross foundation, Elaine is attracted to a man based on his professed disinterest in having children, and Jerry and Kramer find themselves on opposing sides of a love triangle.
Plot
The foundation chair, Wyck, clears his throat just before describing Susan's death as an "accident", making George suspect Wyck thinks he murdered Susan. Jerry suggests he put a running tape recorder in his briefcase and leave it behind at the next board meeting so he can hear what the board members say about him in his absence. Following Jerry's advice, George returns to find the briefcase damaged and the tape with a recording of the horrified exclamations "What are you doing?!" and "Dear God!" followed by a loud thud. After struggling to come up with a theory which could explain this, George confronts the board with the recording. Wyck claims Quint was moving a chair and dropped it on the briefcase. He offers no explanation for the horrified cries, but George is satisfied with his story and leaves with his briefcase this time. He thus misses the board members casually commenting that they all believe he murdered Susan.
Elaine insists she has no desire to have a baby. When a man, Kevin, overhears her declaration and seconds it, she starts dating him. However, when Kevin tells her he got a vasectomy, she gets second thoughts about whether she wants to have children.
Kramer falls in love with Jerry's girlfriend Pam, but is restrained by loyalty to Jerry. When Elaine tells Kramer that Jerry is not in love with Pam, he gets the confidence to confront Jerry about his feelings. However, his praises for Pam convince Jerry that she is too good a woman to let go of. Kramer enlists Newman's help; the smooth-talking Newman feeds Kramer romantic lines which enable him to win Pam's heart. When Newman taunts Jerry over this, Jerry convinces him to stop helping Kramer in exchange for advice on wooing his obsession, Elaine. His advice is that Elaine doesn't want children.
Pam tells Jerry and Kramer that she has feelings for them both and can't choose between them. She mentions she doesn't want to have children, so they line up with Newman for their own vasectomies. Elaine and Kevin go to get his vasectomy reversed. Realizing Elaine must have changed her mind about children, Jerry and Newman leave before their scheduled vasectomies, but after Kramer gets his.
Production
The episode is dedicated to Victor Wayne Harris, an assistant prop master for the show who died in August 1996 of complications of a stroke. Harris appears in the episode "The Pilot", in the scene where George is on the phone calling for his test results; right at the end of the scene Harris appears as a man with a white t-shirt and a cap approaching the phone.
In Elaine and Kevin's conversation about his vasectomy, Elaine references the hairstyle she wore in the last two episodes of Season 7 ("The Wait Out" and "The Invitations").
The scene at the bookstore is an homage to Edmond Rostand's play Cyrano de Bergerac, while the Jerry/Newman chase sequence is an homage to the chase sequences in Bugs Bunny cartoons.
External links
References
Seinfeld (season 8) episodes
1996 American television episodes |
39508225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eois%20cymatodes | Eois cymatodes | Eois cymatodes is a moth in the family Geometridae. It is found on Vanuatu and in Queensland, Australia.
References
Moths described in 1886
Eois
Moths of Oceania |
21673296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residenzgalerie | Residenzgalerie | The Residenzgalerie is an art gallery in the Alte Residenz, Salzburg, Austria. Its collection includes works by Rembrandt, Carel Fabritius, Carlo Saraceni and Hieronymus Francken II.
History
The state-owned Residenzgalerie provides a cross-section of painting from the 16th to the 19th centuries. It bears similarities with the extensive painting collection of Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo, which was exhibited during his era (late 18th century) in rooms that are now the Residenzgalerie. After 1800, however, this collection was repeatedly plundered during the French Wars. In the age of the monarchy, many of the works were transferred from Salzburg to Vienna.
A new collection was proposed shortly after the First World War by a group of Salzburg artists, and the Residenzgalerie was opened in 1923. Apart from reinstating a permanent collection for Salzburg, the new gallery was also intended to be used by an art academy (never founded), encourage tourism, and provide a cultural attraction to go with the Salzburg Festival.
The centrepiece of the Residenzgalerie is the Czernin Collection. This was first exhibited at the gallery in 1954, initially on loan and then bought outright between 1980 and 1991. Its paintings by 17th-century artists are principally Dutch, but also Italian, Spanish and French. Assembled between 1800 and 1845, the collection's original owner was Count Johann Rudolf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz, who studied law in Salzburg and was related to Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo. Also important are a number of works from the collection of Friedrich Karl, Count Schönborn-Buchheim (1674–1746), featuring mostly Dutch and Italian artists of the 17th century, which the gallery acquired on permanent loan in 1956.
Network
The Residenzgalerie is a member of "Private Art Collections", a group of collections in Europe which exchange artworks and co-operate on joint exhibitions and other events. Other members include the Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna, the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, and the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan.
Notes
External links
Home page in English
Virtual tour of the Residenzgalerie provided by Google Arts & Culture
Art museums and galleries in Austria
Art museums established in 1923
1923 establishments in Austria
Tourist attractions in Salzburg
Museums in Salzburg
20th-century architecture in Austria |
68524582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayzouq | Hayzouq | Hayzouq () is a town in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon.
The population is mostly Sunni Muslims.
History
In 1838, Eli Smith noted the village as Haizuk, located east of esh-Sheikh Mohammed. The inhabitants were Sunni Muslim and Greek Orthodox.
References
Bibliography
External links
Hayzouq, Localiban
Populated places in Akkar District
Eastern Orthodox Christian communities in Lebanon
Sunni Muslim communities in Lebanon |
35897376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maiestas%20beieri | Maiestas beieri | Maiestas beieri is a species of bugs from the Cicadellidae family that can be found in African countries like Ethiopia and Sudan, and Saudi Arabia, in Asia. It was formerly placed within Recilia, but a 2009 revision moved it to Maiestas.
References
Hemiptera of Asia
Insects of Africa
Maiestas |
5798803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela%20Rai | Pamela Rai | Pamela Leila Rai (born March 29, 1966, in New Westminster, BC, Canada) is a former freestyle and butterfly swimmer who represented Canada from 1980 to 1987. Rai competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California where she won an Olympic bronze medal in the 4 × 100-metre medley relay, with teammates Anne Ottenbrite, Reema Abdo and Michelle MacPherson. Rai successfully represented Canada at many international meets throughout her career. Other notable accomplishments include University of Victoria Athlete of the Year 1986, City of Victoria Athlete of the Year 1985, 1983 Hapoel Games silver, 1983 Pan American Games silver, and 1986 Commonwealth Games gold medals. From 1984 to 1987 Rai swam for the University of Victoria, where she dominated Canadian university women's swimming. Rai is currently a high school math and social justice teacher and a certified yoga instructor trained in India of the Sivananda lineage. She is an honored inductee to the BC Sports Hall of Fame, the Swim BC Hall of Fame, the University of Victoria Legacy Hall of Fame and the Delta Sports Hall of Fame. Rai is the first woman in the world of Indian ancestry, and the first Indo-Canadian to win an Olympic medal.
In 1964, Rai's father, Harinder Jit Singh Rai was the first Indo-Canadian to qualify for an Olympic Games (field hockey). His stellar skills led him to score the only goal at the qualifying match enabling Canada's field hockey team entry to the Olympic games for the first time. Just prior to the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan, he was removed from the team by officials who favoured an all-white contingent. Rai dedicated her 1984 Olympic success to her father who died from leukemia 3 months prior to her competing in the games.
See also
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
External links
(archive)
1966 births
Living people
Canadian female freestyle swimmers
Canadian sportspeople of Indian descent
Canadian people of Indian descent
Canadian people of Punjabi descent
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada
Commonwealth Games medallists in swimming
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Olympic swimmers for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada
Sportspeople from New Westminster
Swimmers at the 1983 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1986 Commonwealth Games
University of Victoria alumni
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
20th-century Canadian women
21st-century Canadian women
Medallists at the 1986 Commonwealth Games |
67904103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frecuencia%20Latina%20bombing | Frecuencia Latina bombing | The Frecuencia Latina bombing was a terrorist attack in Lima, Peru on June 5 1992. It was perpetrated by the terrorist organization Shining Path, which detonated a truck bomb at the primary headquarters of television channel Frecuencia 2 (renamed Latina Televisión in 2014) in Lima's Jesús María district. The explosive was constructed using a truck belonging to the Peruvian Naval Infantry, which was robbed approximately two hours prior and was rigged with a payload of approximately of ammonium nitrate and fuel oil mixed with dynamite. The truck was brought to the aforementioned television station and was detonated. The facilities of the television station were destroyed and had to be reconstructed. The bomb also destroyed several nearby vehicles and a school of architecture across the street from the station.
The attack injured over 20 people, and killed television producer Alejandro Pérez and guards Javier Requis and Teddy Hidalgo.
References
1990s in Lima
1992 murders in Peru
car and truck bombings in South America
communist terrorism
June 1992 events in South America
Shining Path
terrorist incidents in Peru in the 1990s
terrorist incidents in South America in 1992
History of Lima |
19997167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accamma%20Cherian | Accamma Cherian | Akkamma Cherian was an Indian independence activist from Travancore (Kerala), India. She was popularly known as the Jhansi Rani of Travancore.
Early life and education
She was born on 14 February 1909 in a Roman Catholic family (Karippaparambil) at Kanjirapally, Travancore, as the second daughter of Thomman Cherian and Annamma Karippaparambil. She was educated at Government Girls High School, Kanjirapally and St. Joseph's High School, Changanacherry. She earned a BA in History from St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam.
After completing her education in 1931, she worked as a teacher at St. Mary's English Medium School, edakkara), where she later became head mistress. She worked in this institution for about six years, and during this period she also did her L. T. degree from Tri Training College.
Freedom fighter
In February 1938, the Travancore State Congress was formed and Accamma gave up her teaching career to join the struggle for liberty.
Agitation for a responsible government
Civil disobedience movement
Under the State Congress, the people of Travancore started an agitation for a responsible government. C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar, the Dewan of Travancore, decided to suppress the agitation. On 26 August 1938, he banned the State Congress which then organised a civil disobedience movement. Prominent State Congress leaders including its President Pattom A. Thanu Pillai were arrested and put behind bars. The State Congress then decided to change its method of agitation. Its working committee was dissolved and the president was given dictatorial powers and the right to nominate his successor. Eleven 'dictators' (Presidents) of the State Congress were arrested one by one. Kuttanad Ramakrishna Pillai, the eleventh dictator, before his arrest nominated Accamma Cherian as the twelfth dictator.
Rally to the Kowdiar Palace
Accamma Cherian led a mass rally from Thampanoor to the Kowdiar Palace of the Maharaja Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma to revoke a ban on State Congress. The agitating mob also demanded the dismissal of the Dewan, C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar, against whom the State Congress leaders had levelled several charges. The British police chief ordered his men to fire on the rally of over 20,000 people . Accamma Cherian cried, "I am the leader; shoot me first before you kill others". Her courageous words forced the police authorities to withdraw their orders. On hearing the news M. K. Gandhi hailed her as 'The Jhansi Rani of Travancore'. She was arrested and convicted for violating prohibitory orders in 1939.
Formation of Desasevika Sangh
In October 1938, the working committee of the State Congress directed Accamma Cherian to organise the Desasevika Sangh (Female Volunteer Group). She toured various centres and appealed to the women to join as members of the Desasevika Sangh.
Imprisonments
Accamma had been imprisoned twice during her struggle for independence.
The Annual conference of the State Congress
The first annual conference of the State Congress was held at Vattiyoorkavu on 22 and 23 December 1932 in spite of the ban orders. Almost all leaders of the State Congress were arrested and imprisoned. Accamma, along with her sister Rosamma Punnose (also a freedom fighter, M.L.A., and a CPI leader from 1948), was arrested and jailed on 24 December 1939. They were sentenced to a year's imprisonment. They were insulted and threatened in the jail. Due to the instruction given by the jail authorities, some prisoners used abusing and vulgar words against them. This matter was brought to the notice of M.K. Gandhi by Pattom A. Thanu Pillai. C. P. Ramaswami Iyer, however, denied it. Accamma's brother, K. C. Varkey Karippaparambil also took part in freedom movement.
Quit India Movement
Accamma, after her release from jail, became a full-time worker of the State Congress. In 1942, she became its Acting President. In her presidential address, she welcomed the Quit India Resolution passed at the historic Bombay session of the Indian National Congress on 8 August 1942. She was arrested and awarded one year imprisonment. In 1946, she was arrested and imprisoned for six months for violating ban orders. In 1947, she was again arrested as she raised her voice against C. P. Ramaswami Aiyar's desire for an independent Travancore.
Life in Independent India
In 1947, after independence, Accamma was elected unopposed to the Travancore Legislative Assembly from Kanjirapally. In 1951, she married V.V. Varkey Mannamplackal, a freedom fighter and a member of Travancore Cochin Legislative Assembly. They had one son, George V. Varkey, an engineer. In the early 1950s, she resigned from the Congress Party after being denied a Lok Sabha ticket and in 1952, she unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary election from Muvattupuzha constituency as an independent. In the early 1950s, when the parties ideologies were changing, she quit politics. Her husband V. V. Varkey Mannamplackal, Chirakkadavu. served as an MLA in the Kerala Legislative Assembly from 1952 to 1954. In 1967, she contested the Assembly election from Kanjirapally as a Congress candidate but was defeated by the Communist Party's candidate. Later, she served as a member of the Freedom Fighters' Pension Advisory Board.
Death and commemoration
Accamma Cherian died on 5 May 1982. A statue was erected in her memory in Vellayambalam, Thiruvananthapuram.
A documentary film was made on her life by Sreebala K. Menon.
References
1909 births
1982 deaths
Politicians from Kottayam
Women from the Kingdom of Travancore
People from the Kingdom of Travancore
Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala
Indian independence activists from Kerala
Indian rebels
Indian women in war
Malayali politicians
Women in Kerala politics
Women in war 1900–1945
Women Indian independence activists
Indian people of World War II
Indian women of World War II
Military personnel from Kerala
20th-century Indian women politicians
20th-century Indian politicians
Activists from Kerala
Travancore–Cochin MLAs 1949–1952
Vazhappally
St. Teresa's College alumni |
50071628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disposable%20cup | Disposable cup | A disposable cup is a type of tableware and disposable food packaging. Disposable cup types include paper cups, plastic cups and foam cups. Expanded polystyrene is used to manufacture foam cups, and polypropylene is used to manufacture plastic cups.
As they are produced for single use, disposable cups and other similar disposable products constitute a major source of consumer and household waste, such as paper waste and plastic waste. It has been estimated that the average household discards around 70 disposable cups every year.
108 billion cups are consumed in the US per year, and the UK uses an estimated 2.5 billion paper cups every year.
History
The disposable cone-shaped paper cup was invented in 1908 by Lawrence Luellen, and in 1912 Luellen and Hugh Moore began marketing the Health Kup, another paper disposable cup. The Health Kup was designed to create a means for people to drink water from public water barrels without spreading germs, which occurred when people would use a common (shared) cup or a dipper to hold the water. The Health Kup was later renamed to Dixie Cup, and was named after a brand of dolls. Luellen and Moore later developed a disposable paper ice cream cup, which included lids with images of sportspeople, movie stars and animals.
Commercial uses
Some companies, such as coffee retailers and doughnut shops, sell their products in disposable cups. A 2011 book estimated that a chain of doughnut shops used one billion disposable coffee cups in a year, enough to circle the Earth twice. A 2012 article in OnEarth said that Starbucks used over four billion disposable coffee cups in 2011. The Cup Noodles brand of instant noodles uses expanded polystyrene foam cups to contain the product. Hot or boiling water is added to the dried noodles in the container, which cooks the product in a few minutes. Nissin Foods began marketing the product in foam cups in the early 1970s.
Pollution
The manufacturing of paper cups contributes to water pollution when chemicals such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide and reduced sulfides enter waterways. The manufacturing of foam cups contributes to air pollution when pentane is released into the air. The plastic content in plastic-coated paper cups contributes to the plastic pollution problem, when cups are disposed as litter.
Recycling and other environmental measures
The curbside recycling of polypropylene containers has gradually increased in some developed countries, but is still rather limited.
McDonald's switched from foam cups to paper cups in 2014, and is moving to recycle paper cups in the UK, as of 2016, in partnership with Simply Cups and James Cropper.
Alternatives
Several coffee chains offer a discount if the customer brings along their own cup.
At festivals such as the Bavarian Oktoberfest, costs due to theft or breakage are avoided without using disposables: The customer pays an upfront fee for a drinking glass or mug and receives a rebate at its return.
A kulhar is a traditional handle-less clay cup from South Asia, which are being used as alternatives to plastic cups due to their biodegradable nature. they are typically unpainted and unglazed, and meant to be disposable. The most interesting feature of kulhar is not being painted and that differentiates a kulhar from a terra-cotta cup. The kulhar cup is unglazed inside out. Since kulhars are made by firing in a kiln and are almost never reused, they are inherently sterile and hygienic. Bazaars and food stalls in the Indian subcontinent traditionally served hot beverages, such as tea, in kuhlars, which suffused the beverage with an "earthy aroma" that was often considered appealing. Yoghurt, hot milk with sugar as well as some regional desserts, such as kulfi (traditional ice-cream), are also served in kulhars. Kulhars have gradually given way to polystyrene and coated paper cups, because the latter are lighter to carry in bulk and cheaper.
See also
Disposable cutlery
Disposable food packaging
Throw-away society
References
Further reading
Disposable products
Drinkware
Liquid containers
American inventions |
18261355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars%20hoax | Mars hoax | The Mars hoax was a hoax circulated by e-mail that began in 2003, that claimed that Mars would look as large as the full Moon to the naked eye on August 27, 2003. The hoax has since resurfaced each time before Mars is at its closest to Earth, about every 26 months. It began from a misinterpretation and exaggeration of a sentence in an e-mail message that reported the close approach between Mars and the Earth in August 2003. At that time, the distance between the two planets was about , which was the closest distance between them since September 24, 57,617 BC, when the distance has been calculated to have been about .
Background
Both Earth and Mars are in elliptical orbits around the Sun in approximately the same plane. By the nature of the laws of physics, the distance between them varies periodically from a minimum equal to the distance between their orbits at some point along them, to a maximum when they are on opposite sides of the Sun. These minimum (opposition) and maximum distances vary considerably as the two planets progress along their elliptical orbits, and occur about every 780 days. Mars was closer to the Earth in August 2003 (at the opposition) than it had been since 57,617 BC, and than it will be until 2287.
There was another opposition on 30 October 2005, but with a minimum distance about 25% greater than in 2003 (as reported in the original email, text below) and apparent diameter correspondingly smaller. The magnitude was −2.3, about 60% as bright as 2003. (The Moon has an apparent diameter of around 30 minutes of arc, i.e., 1800 arcseconds, with magnitude of about −12.7 when full, about 9,000 times brighter than Mars in the 2003 approach.)
Origin
The Mars hoax originated from an e-mail message in 2003, sometimes titled "Mars Spectacular", with images of Mars and the full moon side by side:
Although the e-mail itself is correct except for the statement that "it may be as long as 60,000 years before it happens again" (in fact, Mars will definitely come closer in 2287), the hoax stemmed from a misinterpretation of the sentence "At a modest 75-power magnification Mars will look as large as the full moon to the naked eye". The message was often [laxly] quoted with a line break in the middle of this sentence, leading some readers to mistakenly believe that "Mars will look as large as the full moon to the naked eye" when, in reality, this sentence means that Mars enlarged 75 times will look as big as the moon unenlarged.
It is quite obviously scientifically incorrect that Mars, normally never more than a dot in the night sky, could suddenly become visibly large due to normal variations in orbit. If Mars did appear as large as the moon it would be so close that it would cause tidal and gravitational effects—Mars has about twice the diameter of the Moon, and hence would be about twice as far away for the same apparent size. It has nine times the mass of the Moon, and would have about the same tidal effect (nine times the larger mass divided by relative distance cubed).
Resurfacing
The hoax has resurfaced a number of times since 2003, often showing an altered image of twin moons over the Nilov Monastery, and may continue to do so, always announcing an imminent close Earth–Mars approach. The content of the original email, although almost entirely correct for August 27, 2003, has falsely been redated to announce a new close Earth–Mars approach—the real close approach was in 2003 only—also misinterpreting the original e-mail by saying that Mars will look as large as the Moon. The later e-mails are incorrect, as Mars will not come as close to Earth as it did in 2003 until August 28, 2287.
See also
List of hoaxes
References
External links
The Mars Hoax Goes Viral (NASA article from 2006)
Beware the Mars Hoax (NASA article from 2005)
Snopes page on the Mars Spectacular
Sky and Telescope Magazine: Mars Hoax Returns
BBC News: The perennial Mars hoax e-mail
2006 Mars Hoax Powerpoint Presentation
MSNBC Video on the Mars hoax
MSNBC Cosmic Log
Exposing PseudoAstronomy - Episode 118: The Big Mars Hoax/The Two Moons Hoax
Italian guys exposing the Mars hoax
Mars Hoax warning at mars.nasa.gov (2018?)
Mars
Hoaxes in science
Internet hoaxes
2003 hoaxes |
16991464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graha%20Pena | Graha Pena | Graha Pena is a skyscraper building in Surabaya. It is one of the tallest buildings and is located at the south part of Surabaya. It has a height of 175 m. It is the headquarters of Jawa Pos, the most popular newspaper group in Indonesia.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Surabaya
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Surabaya
Skyscraper office buildings in Indonesia |
9019151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20of%20York%20%28barque%29 | City of York (barque) | City of York was a iron ship which sank after hitting a reef off Rottnest Island in the last few kilometres of its voyage from San Francisco to Fremantle, Western Australia in 1899.
The three masted, , iron-hulled ship was built in 1869 by Glasgow shipbuilders J. Elder and Company. The British owners were the 'Ship City of York Company'.
Sinking
The vessel departed San Francisco on 13 April 1899 under Captain Phillip Jones with a cargo of of Oregon timber and 3,638 doors. After making a record passage to Western Australia, she approached Rottnest from the north on the afternoon of 12 July 1899 in stormy weather including blinding rain and heavy seas. At that time, Wadjemup Lighthouse at the centre of the island was the single lighthouse on Rottnest. The ship was seen by the lighthouse keeper at 4:30 pm on a north-westerly bearing about 29 km (18 mi) off the coast of the island, heading north-east.
The keeper telephoned the news of the sighting to the head pilot who was on duty in the main island settlement at Thompson Bay who readied himself and his pilot boat to go to the assistance of the ship once it signalled for a pilot.
At 6:45 pm, the ship had still not signalled for a pilot and the assistant lighthouse keeper challenged the ship by lighting a flare at the base of the lighthouse, meaning for the ship to stand off until the pilot had arrived.
The captain however mistook the signal for the international code as being from a pilot boat itself and that the ship should continue towards it (the pilot boat). The ship was now unwittingly sailing straight towards the shallow reefs which surround the island.
Lead was cast three times over 15 minutes to gauge the depth, and readings of were taken respectively. Shortly after the last cast, breakers were sighted. The captain gave immediate orders to turn the ship but was unsuccessful and she struck remaining high on the reef offshore from what is today the City of York bay, midway along the north side of the island.
11 men drown
Captain Jones ordered the 26 crew into the two lifeboats. Six men including First Mate William Pape managed to get in the first lifeboat before its holding rope broke and it drifted free from the stricken vessel. The remaining 20 men managed to get into the remaining lifeboat and stood a short distance off for an hour or so while Captain Jones considered his options. As the ship appeared to be holding steady of the reef, Jones ordered the lifeboat to return to the ship, but while doing so, the small boat was hit by a large wave and overturned, tipping all of the men into the heavy seas.
Eight men managed to re-board City of York and one man was picked up by the first mate's boat. 11 others including Captain Jones were drowned. After several hours battling the seas, the seven men in the remaining lifeboat managed to get to shore and several walked, exhausted, several kilometres through the bush to the lighthouse to raise the alarm. The remaining men onshore were recovered shortly afterwards and the following morning, the master and owner of the steam tug Dunskey, Captain William Douglas, rowed his vessel's dinghy to the wreck from seaward and was able to rescue the remaining eight men on the ship.
Court of inquiry
An inquiry was held a week later which found that the wreck was caused by the "gross carelessness and want of judgement shown by the master"; that is, Captain Jones. The finding was based on Admiralty Sailing Directions which direct that a ship must not approach Rottnest on its west or north-west side to a depth of less than .
The ship's owners challenged the finding, arguing that the international code of practice said that flare-ups were used as a signal from a pilot boat to show that the boat was in safe water. As was the practice, Captain Jones had replied with blue lights to signal his acknowledgement of the safe water flare-up signal. By implication, the assistant lighthouse keeper had been negligent in using an incorrect signal.
Concern about the signalling procedures grew and a Joint Select Committee of both Houses of Parliament was established to investigate the harbour and pilot services of the colony. The committee overturned the findings of the initial inquiry and exonerated Captain Jones.
The owners instituted a claim for damages of £7,000 from the Government of Western Australia on the basis that the ship was lost due to misleading signals and that the government, as operators of the lighthouse was responsible. The case was pursued as far as the Privy Council in London in October 1902. The Privy Council case was not heard however, as the respondents allowed the appeal to lapse.
A settlement of £3,000 was negotiated in early 1903.
City of York was abandoned with general agreement of there being no likelihood of the hull being salvaged. Much of the timber cargo was salvageable however and was bought for £323/5/- by a Perth syndicate who also bought the cargo from Carlisle Castle.
Current condition
The wreck is located on the northern side of Rottnest Island, lying in of water on a reef bottom with the bow facing to shore. It appears the vessel may have broken in two amidships with two sections of deck framing off centre. Several sections stand proud of the sea-bed. The hull has largely disintegrated with only the vessel's floors and the stern section recognisable. Plating, frames and stringers are strewn throughout the wreckage with one deck winch and sections of windlass the only machinery apparent.
The anchor from the ship has been retrieved from the wreck site and currently stands prominently outside the accommodation office on the island.
Another wreck and aftermath
The same storm also caused the wrecking of Carlisle Castle, a , barque which hit Coventry Reef at , a few kilometres south of Rottnest and west of Penguin Island. The ship had been carrying general cargo as well as locking bars which were for the construction of the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme. Between 24 and 26 people were estimated to be on board. All on board were drowned. Initially, it was unclear if there was one or two shipwrecks after debris started floating ashore near South Beach in Fremantle. A pilot sent out from Fremantle ascertained the fate of Carlisle Castle at about the same time as City of York was first sighted, however delays in communications and the severe weather added to the confusing situation.
A short time after the storm, the government recognised the need for additional lighthouses to assist with navigation in the waters around the island and the approaches to Fremantle. A second lighthouse at Rottnest at Bathurst Point on the eastern end was built soon after, being completed just 13 months after the City of York incident.
A memorial at Fremantle Cemetery commemorates the lives lost in the City of York and Carlisle Castle tragedies. The memorial was built in 1900 from public subscriptions.
See also
Rottnest Island shipwrecks
Notes
References
Barques
Shipwrecks of Western Australia
Maritime incidents in 1899
Rottnest Island
1869 ships
Ships built on the River Clyde |
51810511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kauthar%20Mosque | Al-Kauthar Mosque | The Al-Kauthar Mosque ( or also known as Masjid Besar Tawau) is a mosque in Tawau, Sabah, Malaysia.
Built in 1997 and completed in 2002, it is the largest mosque in the state of Sabah, with a capacity that can accommodate from 16,000 to 17,000 people. The mosque was officially opened in 2004, officiated by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong at the time, Syed Sirajuddin Tuanku Syed Putra Jamalullail.
See also
Islam in Malaysia
References
External links
Al-Kauthar Mosque information on IslamGRID: 2.0
2002 establishments in Malaysia
Mosques in Sabah
Mosques completed in 2002
Mosque buildings with domes
Tawau |
36430739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Lyons%20%28Warden%20of%20the%20Mint%29 | Richard Lyons (Warden of the Mint) | Sir Richard Lyons (1310–1381) was a prosperous City of London merchant, financier, and property developer, who held a monopoly on the sale of sweet wine in London, during the 14th century. He was a Privy Counsellor, an Alderman of the City, and a member of the Worshipful Company of Vintners, and served as both as Sheriff of London and MP for Essex.
Lyons was a lifelong friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer.
Lyons was killed by Wat Tyler during the Peasants' Revolt.
Family and Friends
Sir Richard was the most famous member of the Lyons family during the 14th century: he was a member of the Norfolk branch of the family. He was an illegitimate son of a Lyons father and a Flemish mother.
Lyons was a lifelong friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer and Chaucer’s father, a fellow vintner. Lyons employed Geoffrey as his deputy or Comptroller: although Lyons consistently engaged in vast fraud, on an unprecedented scale, of which Geoffrey Chaucer were necessarily aware, Geoffrey Chaucer repeatedly certified to the Exchequer, in 1374 and 1375, that no fraud was being committed by Lyons. Lyons was also a lifelong friend of John of Gaunt.
City of London Career
One of the leading merchants in the City of London, Lyons was a financier, merchant (in wine, wool, cloth, iron, and lead), shipowner, and property-developer. He had extensive business interests in Flanders and was extensively involved in overseas trade.
He was an Alderman of the City of London, a member of the Worshipful Company of Vintners, and served as Sheriff of London. Lyons was knighted and served as Privy Counsellor and as Edward III's financial agent. He was also the Head of a Commission convened to investigate an attack on Portuguese merchant ships, in 1371, Keeper of the King’s Monies at the Tower of London, in 1375, Collector of the Petty Customs, in 1373, and Collector of Customs and Subsidies in 1375.
Monopoly on Sale of Sweet Wine
By virtue of his fraudulent engineering on the wine market, Lyons secured a practical monopoly on the London wine market, which lasted until his impeachment: he leased, from the City, the only three taverns in London permitted to sell sweet wines. It has been surmised that he acted as a broker for the Bardi banking family of Florence, from whom he took a large commission.
Prosperity
Lyons was extremely rich: At the time of his death, he owned lands in Essex, Kent, Suffolk, Surrey, Sussex, Middlesex, Hertfordshire, in addition to several properties in London, including a large house contiguous with the Guildhall of the merchants of the Hanse of Germany, in Thames Street, and property situated in Cosyn Lane in the Ropery. The Elizabethan antiquary John Stow noted that Lyons’s effigy, at St Martin Vintry, London, featured a large purse: in the words of D. Carlson, ‘the man was a wallet’.
Fraud and Extortion
Together with his close associate and fellow Privy Counsellor, William Latimer, 4th Baron Latimer, the King’s Chamberlain, Lyons was involved in some monumental financial frauds, including extortion, the deliberate retardation of the market at several ports, the engineering of the increase of the prices of foreign imports throughout the kingdom, and the abuse of Lyons’s position as collector of the wool subsidy to export his wool otherwise than through the staple at Calais, thereby avoiding duties. For this, Lyons and Latimer were impeached by the Good Parliament: this was the first case of impeachment in law. Following his impeachment, Lyons attempted to bribe Edward, the Black Prince, to whom he sent £1000 disguised as a barrel of sturgeon: Edward refused to accept the bribe and imprisoned Lyons. However, Edward died later in 1376, after which Lyons, due to his favour with John of Gaunt, was pardoned. Lyons served as MP for Essex in 1380.
Lyons established a perpetual chantry foundation at the Church of St James Garlickhithe, to which he donated vestments embroidered with lions. He is commemorated at the Church.
Death
Lyons was beheaded, at Cheapside, on 14 June 1381, by Wat Tyler during the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381. Froissart suggests that Lyons was killed in revenge for historical mistreatment of Wat Tyler: the chronicler Knighton, in contradistinction, contends that the rebellious Peasants targeted Lyons as a consequence of his associations with fraud and extortion, which had produced his vast wealth.
See also
Lyons family
References
1310 births
1381 deaths
Sheriffs of the City of London
Impeached British officials
Members of the Privy Council of England
Prisoners in the Tower of London
14th-century English businesspeople
English MPs January 1380
14th century in London |
14077024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky%20Vista%20University%20College%20of%20Osteopathic%20Medicine | Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine | Rocky Vista University (RVU) is a private, for-profit medical school with campus locations in Parker, Colorado and Ivins, Utah. The school opened in 2006 as the only modern for-profit medical school in the United States although other for-profit schools have since opened. RVU's College of Osteopathic Medicine (RVUCOM) grants the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degree and admitted its inaugural class of medical students at the Parker, Colorado campus in August 2008.
History
Rocky Vista University opened in 2006, and the first class was admitted in 2008. The school graduated its inaugural class on May 19, 2012. In 2017, a second campus was opened in Ivins, Utah, admitting its first class of osteopathic medical students in the fall of 2017. In September 2018, the first class of physician assistant students began coursework.
The college is fully accredited by the American Osteopathic Association Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation, and regionally by the Higher Learning Commission.
Academics
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
RVUCOM offers the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) degree, which follows a systems-based, four-year (eight-semester) curriculum. Years 1 and 2 of the program consist primarily of classroom-based learning, focusing on the basic health sciences. Years 3 and 4 of the curriculum consist of clinical clerkships (rotations) in major medical specialties. Clerkship sites for RVUCOM students include various hospitals and clinics in Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Arizona and South Dakota.
Physician Assistant
A Master of Physician Assistant Studies (MPAS) program is offered at the Parker, CO campus. The curriculum includes two semesters of classroom based didactics, followed by five semesters of clinical rotations. The program holds provisional accreditation status from the Accreditation Review Commission on Education for the Physician Assistant (ARC-PA).
Graduate studies
Rocky Vista University offers a nine-month (30 semester hour) graduate program on both campuses leading to the Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences (MSBS) degree. The program is designed for students looking to strengthen their competitiveness and academic background for admission to professional health programs.
For-profit status
RVUCOM is notable for being the first modern day, for-profit medical school operating in the United States. As such, its opening generated controversy. Critics raise concerns that a for-profit school will be beholden to investors, and lack credibility. Supporters say that the school is held to the same academic and accreditation standards as other medical schools.
Rocky Vista LLC was founded by Yife Tien and his wife Lucy Chua Tien, MD in 2006 and governed by a board of trustees. Castle Pines Holdings LLC was established as a holding company to control the Tiens' interest in Rocky Vista LLC and provide stability in the event of Tien's death or incapacity. In 2019, the ownership of Rocky Vista University was transferred to Medforth Global Healthcare Education, the owner-operator of St. George's University in Grenada.
Graduate medical education
Parkview Medical Center in Pueblo, Colorado, has been awarded a five-year $770,000 federal grant from the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) to train primary care internal medicine residents. Parkview has developed a new osteopathic internal medicine residency program which matriculated its first trainees in July 2012. The grant was a joint effort of Parkview Medical Center and Rocky Vista University along with the Center for Medical Education Excellence (formerly known as Rocky Mountain OPTI). RVUCOM and the Center for Medical Education Excellence are currently working to establish additional residency programs in Colorado and Wyoming.
HealthONE/Sky Ridge Medical Center in Lone Tree, Colorado is also a participant in the Center for Medical Education Excellence, and is the site of an internal medicine residency program which collaborates with RVU.
Rocky Vista Health Center
RVUCOM owns and operates the health clinic, Rocky Vista Health Center (RVHC), located on the Parker, Colorado campus. The clinic is a primary care medical facility which provides continued health care and health maintenance for its patients. In addition to primary care, the clinic provides services in internal medicine, sports medicine, and osteopathic manipulation. The clinic employs board certified M.D. and D.O. physicians as well as resident physicians.
Advanced medical students of the college are periodically selected to work in the health clinic as “Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (OMM) Fellows.” Under the supervision of board-certified physicians, these students provide osteopathic manipulation to patients at discounted rates. The clinic accepts Medicaid and Medicare patients to help the underserved in the Denver and Parker area.
See also
List of medical schools in the United States
Osteopathic medicine in the United States
References
External links
Official website
Medical schools in Colorado
Osteopathic medical schools in the United States
Parker, Colorado
For-profit universities and colleges in the United States
Private universities and colleges in Colorado
Educational institutions established in 2006
2006 establishments in Colorado
2017 establishments in Utah |
11848117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24%20hour%20mountain%20bike%20races | 24 hour mountain bike races | 24 Hour mountain bike races are a form of endurance mountain bike racing where solo competitors or teams race for a period of 24 hours. The 24 Hours of Canaan (July 13–14, 1992) was one of the first sanctioned 24 hour mountain bike events. At the 24 Hours of Indiglo (later renamed 24 Hours of Adrenalin) 17-year-old Ed Hunt became the first solo competitor at a 24-hour mountain bike event.
These races attract a wide variety of riders from elite professional racers, experienced non-professional racers to amateurs. Because the races are typically held in the countryside, racers usually camp on the site. Sometimes racers may arrive several days ahead of time, to claim a good camping spot, preview the course or acclimatise to altitude. As a result, many of them also have a festival component to them including side events, catering and trade stands.
24 hour racing was originally conceived as a team sport, with two or more riders in male, female or mixed teams, taking turns to complete laps of the course. During the night, racers use lighting systems to negotiate the course.
24 Hours of Adrenalin held their last world solo 24 hour championships in 2010 and there was no world solo 24 hour championships in 2011. A new organisation WEMBO was founded to continue solo 24 hour mountain biking at world level and WEMBO have held both continental and world solo 24 hour mountain bike championships since 2012. WEMBO World championships have been held in Italy(2) Australia, Scotland(2) USA, New Zealand and Brasil. Australia was to host again in 2020 and then 2021. However, there were no WEMBO World Solo 24 Championships in 2020 and 2021 due to the travel restrictions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2022 WEMBO World Solo 24 Hour Mountain Bike Championships will be held in Finale Ligure, Italy 27-29 May 2022.
The current reigning (2019) WEMBO World champions are Cory Wallace (CAN) and Gaia Ravaioli (ITA). Jason English (AUS) is the rider with the most world solo 24 hour championship titles with 7. Jessica Douglas (AUS) has 3 world solo 24 hour championship titles.
Scoring
There are two alternative methods of determining the winner.
The usual winner is the team or rider that completes the most laps with the first lap after the clock has ticked over 24 hours counting to the result, i.e.
Team A covers 23 laps in 24:03:06
Team B covers 24 laps in 24:12:09
Team C covers 24 laps in 24:45:23
The ranking would be:
1st: Team B
2nd: Team C
3rd: Team A
Some races end the race at 24 hours and it is the team with the most laps in the 24 hours that wins, i.e.
Team A covers 23 laps in 23:50:55
Team B covers 23 laps in 23:58:12
The ranking would be:
1st: Team A
2nd: Team B
See also
24 Hours of Adrenalin
Mountain Mayhem
Sleepless in the Saddle
References
Mountain biking
Ultra-distance cycling |
1570877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynnum%20Central%20railway%20station | Wynnum Central railway station | Wynnum Central railway station is located on the Cleveland line in Queensland, Australia. It is one of three stations serving the Brisbane suburb of Wynnum, the other two being Wynnum and Wynnum North.
Wynnum Central was opened in 1898
History
Wynnum Central was originally just a stopping place at the level crossing called Craig's Crossing beginning in April 1898. Later that year was a station was opened named Wynnum South.
It was renamed Wynnum Central in 1932 after a proposal by the Wynnum-Manly-Lota Chamber of Commerce in 1931.
Services
Wynnum Central is served by Cleveland line services from Shorncliffe, Northgate, Doomben and Bowen Hills to Manly & Cleveland.
Services by platform
References
External links
Wynnum Central station Queensland's Railways on the Internet
[ Wynnum Central station] Translink travel information
Railway stations in Brisbane
Railway stations in Australia opened in 1898
Wynnum, Queensland |
12968749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimakali%20Temple | Bhimakali Temple | Bhima Kali Temple is a temple at Sarahan in Himachal Pradesh in India, dedicated to the mother goddess Bhimakali, presiding deity of the rulers of former Bushahr State. The temple is situated about 180 km from Shimla and it is as holy as 51 Shakti Peethas.
Gallery
References
External links
Of Stones Soaked In History
Bhimamkali info on NIC
Image of Bhimakali temple
Hindu temples in Himachal Pradesh
Buildings and structures in Shimla district |
28909768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucoedemia | Leucoedemia | Leucoedemia is a genus of moths in the family Lyonetiidae.
Species
Leucoedemia ingens Scoble & Scholtz, 1984
References
Lyonetiidae |
65214005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20West%20Virginia%20House%20of%20Delegates%20election | 2020 West Virginia House of Delegates election | Elections to the West Virginia House of Delegates took place on November 3, 2020. All the seats in the West Virginia House of Delegates were up for election.
Overview
The Republican Party, cementing their hold over West Virginia state politics, made a gain of eighteen seats in the House of Delegates, holding over three fourths of the chamber's seats and achieving supermajority status. The scope of the Republicans' gains, which swept many traditionally Democratic areas, was unexpected on both sides of the aisle, with both Democrats and Republicans expressing surprise at the results. The election, further eroding the Democrats' caucus in the House, is a part of a decades-long shift in power statewide from Democrats to Republicans.
Predictions
Speaker Election
On January 13, 2021, the first regular session of the 85th West Virginia Legislature convened, and the election of the speaker took place. 98 delegates voted, while two were not counted as present in the roll call. From the majority caucus, incumbent speaker Roger Hanshaw was nominated by Kayla Kessinger, and seconded by Jeffrey Pack. Doug Skaff, the new Democratic leader, was nominated by Brent Boggs, and was seconded by Lisa Zukoff. On a vote along party lines, Hanshaw was elected with the support of 76 delegates, including then-Democrat Mick Bates, while Skaff received 22 votes.
Results
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District 64
District 65
District 66
District 67
References
External links
Election at Ballotpedia
(State affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)
West Virginia Secretary of State Candidate Listing
House
West Virginia House
West Virginia House of Delegates elections |
67277989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadet%20III%20Giray | Saadet III Giray | Saadet III Giray (reigned 1691, lived 1645–1695, крым. III Saadet Geray, ٣سعادت كراى;) was briefly khan of the Crimean Khanate between the second and third reigns of Selim I Giray. Oddly, he did not visit Crimea during his reign. He was the son of Kyrym Giray, one of the many sons of Selâmet I Giray. His brother Haci II Giray was briefly khan between the first and second reigns of Selim I Giray.
Saadet had been nureddin under his cousin Murad Giray who ruled between the first and second reigns of Selim I. In 1691 Selim I abdicated and proposed his cousin Saadat as a replacement. Saadet chose as kalga and nureddin Devlet and Fetikh Giray (Devlet had been kalga since 1684 and became khan Devlet II Giray in 1699). Saadet, who was in Istanbul at this time, was immediately ordered to raise an army to fight the Austrians. He marched up the west shore of the Black Sea and forced the reluctant Budjak Horde to join him. The other Crimean and Nogai nobles were also reluctant. Devlet planned to betray him and was removed. Marching across Romania, he severely punished troops who abused the local population. Due to overlong preparations he arrived late at the Battle of Slankamen (19 August 1691) where the Turks were defeated. He was removed from office in December and exiled to Yambol in Bulgaria, and later to Rhodes (an Aegean island), where he died. He was followed by Safa Giray of Crimea who also had a short reign. After Safa, Selim became khan for the third time.
Sources
Henry Hoyle Howorth, History of the Mongols, 1880, Part 2, p. 565
Олекса Гайворонский «Созвездие Гераев». Симферополь, 2003.
In the absence of a proper source in English, this is mostly extracted from the Russian Wikipedia which apparently follows Gaivoronsky. Howorth is old and has only one paragraph.
17th-century Crimean khans
1645 births
1695 deaths |
70218346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%20Runnymede%20Borough%20Council%20election | 2022 Runnymede Borough Council election | The 2022 Runnymede Borough Council election took place on 5 May 2022 to elect one-third of members of the Runnymede Borough Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections in the U.K.
Since its first election in 1973, the council has been under Conservative control, apart from a short period between 1996 and 1998 when it was under no overall control. In the previous election in 2021, the Conservative Party retained control of the council, winning 9 out of 13 seats and holding their majority, albeit reduced to 4. Liberal Democrat and Labour Co-op Party councillors, are also present on the council. Since that election, one Conservative councillor, Mike Kusneraitis, had defected to become an independent and was defending his seat.
Following the election, the majority Conservatives lost four seats and reducing their majority to Four, with Labour gaining two, Green Party of England and Wales gaining one, and independent candidate Andrea Berardi picking up his seat from the Conservatives also.
The election occurred in the national context of the Partygate scandal and the cost of living crisis.
Results
Ward Results
Addlestone North
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Addlestone South
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Chertsey Riverside
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Chertsey St. Ann's
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Egham Hythe
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Egham Town
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Englefield Green East
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Englefield Green West
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Longcross, Lyne and Chertsey South
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New Haw
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Ottershaw
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Thorpe
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Virginia Water
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Woodham and Rowtown
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References
Runnymede Borough Council elections
Runnymede
May 2022 events in the United Kingdom |
74356152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20of%20Town | Edge of Town | "Edge of Town" is a song by Australian group Middle Kids released in May 2016 as their debut single and lead single from the group's self-titled debut EP. The song is a "non-fictional account of a girl who got swallowed up by the earth".
In November 2016, the song won FBi Radio's Northern Lights competition and shortly after, the group performed at the Iceland Airwaves music festival in Reykjavik.
In February 2017, the group made their US television debut and performed the song on Conan.
The song was certified gold in Australia in 2019.
Background
Middle Kids uploaded "Edge of Town" onto Triple J Unearthed and became "the blueprint" for the group's formula. In 2018, band member Tim Fitz said "I think there was a spirit in that song that felt very special and I think in some ways that set at a certain direction for how we were trying to write songs." Hannah Joy added "I feel that it's optimistic. It's obviously very angsty, but there is a thread of hope through it all. I feel like it's definitely dealing with a lot of kind of angst and confusion and pain but there's definitely, through it all, an unswerving hope."
Music video
The music video was directed by Tim Fitz and Ro Miles and released on 20 May 2016.
Reception
Alexandra Koster from FBi Radio said "'Edge of Town' is as catchy as it is complex, guiding us through the tale of a girl who is swallowed up by the earth. Joy's exquisite vocals aren't just a whole lot of fun – they're also deeply intelligent... And here I am, on one knee, giving them all the praise I can muster."
Certifications
References
Middle Kids songs
2016 songs
2016 debut singles |
67005805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Clown%20au%20Cirque | Le Clown au Cirque | Le Clown au Cirque is a tempera and pen and ink on board painting by Belarusian-French artist Marc Chagall created in 1980. It is held in a private collection.
Description
The painting depicts floating clowns amid the circus ring in the middle of the performance. The subject of circus was dear to the artist. Chagall often returned to the circus as a subject matter in his artworks. He considered clowns, acrobats and actors as tragically human beings who are like characters in certain religious paintings.
Among other contemporary painters who featured the circus in their works are Seurat, Toulouse-Lautrec, Picasso, Rouault, Van Dongen and Léger.
Provenance
Chalk & Vermilion Fine Art, Greenwich
Coast Galleries, Carmel
Private Collection, Ohio (acquired in 2000)
Weinstein Gallery, San Francisco
Private Collection (acquired in 2015)
See also
List of artworks by Marc Chagall
References
1980 paintings
Paintings by Marc Chagall
Clowns in art
Musical instruments in art |
37917879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine%20Rose | Christine Rose | Christine Rose may refer to:
Christine Rose (politician), New Zealand politician
Cristine Rose (born 1951), American actress
Christine Brooke-Rose (1923–2012), British writer and literary critic
Christine Rose (dredge), a mining dredge seen on the reality television series Bering Sea Gold |
10368085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Wyllie%20%28pathologist%29 | Andrew Wyllie (pathologist) | Andrew David Hamilton Wyllie FMedSci FRS (1944 – 26 May 2022) was a Scottish pathologist. In 1972, while working with electron microscopes at the University of Aberdeen he realised the significance of natural cell death. He and his colleagues John Kerr and Alastair Currie called this process apoptosis, from the use of this word in an ancient Greek poem to mean "falling off" (like leaves falling from a tree). He completed postdoctoral training in Cambridge University and became Professor of Experimental Pathology at the University of Edinburgh Medical School in 1992. He left Edinburgh for a chair at Cambridge in 1998 where he continued to lecture to undergraduate medical and natural sciences students.
His works have contributed to the understanding of apoptosis in health and in disease. Apoptosis is used during early development to eliminate unwanted cells; for example, those between the fingers of a developing hand. In adults, apoptosis is used to rid the body of cells that have been damaged beyond repair. Apoptosis also plays a critical role in preventing cancer. If apoptosis is for some reason prevented, it can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the subsequent development of a tumour.
After retirement, Wyllie was succeeded in his role as Head of the Department of Pathology at Cambridge by Geoffrey L. Smith in October 2011.
Career and awards
University of Aberdeen – BSc, MB, ChB (1975), PhD.
1994 – Bertner Award, MD Anderson Cancer Centre, University of Texas, USA.
1995 – Fellow of the Royal Society.
1998 – Hans Bloemendal Award, University of Nijmegen.
1998 – 2011 Professor of Pathology and Head of the Department, University of Cambridge, England, and an Honorary Consultant, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.
1999 – Gairdner Foundation International Award.
2001 – Scheele Award
References
External links
Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge
1944 births
2022 deaths
Scottish biologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Date of birth unknown |
25002410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuanian%20Ministry%20for%20Belarusian%20Affairs | Lithuanian Ministry for Belarusian Affairs | The Ministry for Belarusian Affairs () was a short-lived interwar Lithuanian ministry. It was established in December 1918 to gain support of Belarusians in international negotiations over the borders of the newly independent Lithuania. However, the Lithuanian government did not support Belarusian autonomy and the ministry effectively competed with the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic. Activities of the ministry were limited to publication of several books and two periodicals and other cultural work. The ministry was officially closed in January 1924.
According to the Lithuanian President Antanas Smetona, following a successful recapture of the Lithuanian capital Vilnius, which was previously annexed by Poland, the Lithuanians planned to expand further into the Belarusian territories (the former lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) and considered granting an autonomy to the Belarusian territories, as requested by the Belarusian side, therefore had kept the Lithuanian Ministry for Belarusian Affairs in force, moreover, in 1924 Smetona noted that there were a lot of pro-Lithuanian sympathies among the Belarusians and criticized the closing of the ministry.
The ministry used the coat of arms of Lithuania, including in its official correspondence.
History
This ministry was established as a result of negotiations between leaders of the Belarusian People's Republic and the Council of Lithuania in November–December 1918. Lithuanians wanted to secure Belarusian support in the upcoming Paris Peace Conference over the borders of the new Lithuanian State. For the same reason, there was a Ministry for Jewish Affairs. As a result of the negotiations, six Belarusians were co-opted into the council on 27 November and the Ministry for Belarusian Affairs was established on 9 December. Jazep Varonka became the first minister without portfolio. When Vilnius was captured in December 1918 by the Red Army at the outbreak of the Lithuanian–Soviet War, the Ministry for Belarusian Affairs evacuated to Grodno while other Lithuanian government institutions evacuated to Kaunas. The ministry moved to Kaunas in spring 1919 when Grodno was captured during the Polish–Soviet War.
By spring 1919, Belarusian leaders became disillusioned with Lithuanian support. Belarusian Prime Minister Anton Luckievich sent Pyotra Krecheuski to negotiate with Lithuania regarding the liquidation of the Ministry for Belarusian Affairs and establishment of a diplomatic mission of the Belarusian People's Republic in Kaunas. Negotiations failed and Varonka remained minister. In late 1919, the Lithuanian government decided to reign in ministry's contacts with foreign powers, specifically the West Russian Volunteer Army and the Belarusian People's Republic. Several Belarusian couriers travelling from Berlin to Riga were arrested and Varonka resigned in protest on 3 January 1920. Government inspectors found no irregularities at the ministry and the couriers were soon released, but the ministry was essentially inactive from February to June 1920 when the new minister Dominik Semashko was appointed. He did not support Belarusian autonomy and thus was largely isolated from the community.
After Lithuania lost its capital Vilnius to the Żeligowski's Mutiny, the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic signed a partnership treaty with Lithuania on 11 November 1920 and relocated to Kaunas. That brought two centres of Belarusians activities to Kaunas but they were not inclined to cooperate. Their competencies were divided: the ministry was in charge of Belarusian affairs inside the Lithuanian borders up to the demarcation line with Poland, while the Rada was in charge in Vilnius Region (i.e. between the demarcation line and the border drawn by the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty). That pushed the ministry into a secondary role as the Lithuanians cared more about the support Belarusians could provide in their territorial conflict with Poland over the Vilnius Region.
Semashko resigned in February 1923 when a new cabinet was sworn in. Lithuanians could not find a suitable replacement and Prime Minister Ernestas Galvanauskas also became acting Minister for Belarusian Affairs in the 8th cabinet that was appointed in June 1923. The last employees of the ministry were dismissed on 31 December 1923. The Ministry for Belarusian Affairs was officially liquidated on 19 January 1924. Its Jewish counterpart followed suit a couple of months later.
Activities
Belarusians envisioned Lithuania that would include territories of the former Vilna and Grodno Governorates and where Belarusians would be treated not as an ethnic minority but as an equal. To that end, they sought autonomy in Belarusian-inhabited areas. The Lithuanian government did not support such aspirations and limited the activities of the Ministry for Belarusian Affairs. In January 1919, Jazep Varonka presented a plan for the ministry's functions that included education and social support. However, the government approved only seven out of 20 activities and provided funding of 28,400 German Papiermarks out of the requested 197,300. Thus, the ministry carried out mostly representative functions. Varonka sent notes to Germany and the Entente Powers protesting Polish and Soviet military actions in Belarusian-inhabited areas and met with American and French military attachés.
The formation of Belarusian military units within the Lithuanian Armed Forces was supported by minister Varonka, who, for example, on 3 February 1919 addressed the Ministry of National Defense of Lithuania and presented his proposals regarding the formation of Belarusian military units.
From September 1919 to February 1920, the ministry published illustrated Belarusian-language Journal of the Ministry for Belarusian Affairs () which wrote on activities of the Lithuanian government, culture and education of Belarusians, biographies of prominent activists. The ministry published weekly two-page Belarusian newsletter Pahonia (which is the Belarusian name for the Lithuanian coat of arms) from July to October 1920. Its circulation was 2,000 copies. The newsletter reported on military actions and other news from Belarusian territories. The ministry also published several Belarusian language books, including two collections of poems by Francišak Bahuševič, translated fairy-tales by Hans Christian Andersen, primer by Jan Stankievič, several books by Vaclau Lastouski.
After the resignation of Semashko, Klawdziy Duzh-Dushewski continued cultural activities of the ministry and organized a six-week training on Lithuanian and Belarusian languages. When the ministry was closed, the publication of Belarusian books was taken over by Lastouski and Duzh-Dushewski.
Ministers
List of ministers:
Jazep Varonka from 9 December 1918 to 3 January 1920 (resigned)
Dominik Semashko from 19 June 1920 to 1 August 1922, continued as acting minister until 22 February 1923
Ernestas Galvanauskas acting from 29 June 1923 to 19 January 1924 (at the same time also Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs)
See also
List of governments of Lithuania (1918–40)
Belarusians in Lithuania
Lithuanian Ministry for Jewish Affairs
References
Bibliography
1918 establishments in Lithuania
Ministries established in 1918
Ministries disestablished in 1924
Government ministries in Lithuania
Political history of Lithuania
History of Lithuania (1918–1940)
Belarusian diaspora in Europe |
44210696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N.%20Ramchander%20Rao | N. Ramchander Rao | Naraparaju Ramchander Rao (born 27 April 1959) is an Indian politician and advocate from Telangana. He is a member of Bharatiya Janata Party National Executive member, President for BJP's Hyderabad unit and a member of Bar Council of India. He served as the Member of Telangana Legislative Council (MLC) for Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Mahabubnagar Graduates' Constituency from 2015 to 2021. He is also on the General Council of NALSAR University of Law.
Ramchander Rao started his legal practice in Hyderabad in 1985. In 2014, he was elected as a member of the Bar Council of India. He has also been BJP's Chief Spokesperson and the General Secretary of undivided Andhra Pradesh State.
Family
Ramchander Rao's father, Professor NVRLN Rao, was Dean of the Faculty of Engineering for Osmania University. One of his brothers, N V Ramana Rao, is Director at National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Hyderabad. His sister Dr. Padmavathi is a gynaecologist.
Rao was married to Savithri who died in February 2017 from prolonged illness. They have a daughter Amuktha Naraparaju working in Australia and son Avaneesh Naraparaju is a High court lawyer.
Early life
Rao took to politics while at Picket Kendriya Vidyalaya school during the period of the Emergency. For three consecutive years, he was elected President of the Students' Union (affiliated to Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, (ABVP)) while studying Bachelor of Arts at Railway Degree College. For two terms, he was elected as secretary (ABVP) of Osmania Law College Student Union. He was jailed 14 times during his student years.
He attended high school in 1977 at Kendriya Vidyalaya in Picket Secunderabad. His BA came from Railway Degree College Secunderabad in 1980. He secured a Master of Arts (Political Science) from Osmania University in 1982, standing second in the examinations. He earned an LLB from Osmania University in 1985.
Publications
He writes a column on Sundays named "Legal Corner" in Andhra Jyothy.
He contributes legal articles to law journals such as Andhra Legal Digest and Andhra Pradesh Legal Journal.
He has contributed articles to Jana Sandesh
He has also written many books, the most recent one was on his debates and discussions in the Telangana Legislative Council.
Positions
1977-80—President of Students Union, Railway Degree College
1982-85— Secretary of Students Union, Osmania University
1st State secretary for the Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha
Legal Cell Convener for AP state BJP Unit.
Joint convener for National Legal Cell
2008- —State spokesperson for Bharatiya Janata Party, first for undivided Andhra Pradesh and then for Mahabubnagar
2011-2013—Andhra Pradesh State General secretary.
2014 - Member, Bar Council of India
2015 - MLC, Telangana for Rangareddy, Mahabubnagar & Hyderabad
2017- President, BJP Hyderabad
Legislature
Rao lost the 2009 election for Member of Legislative Council (MLC) for the Graduates’ constituency for Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Mahabubnagar districts.
He contested in 2014 from Malkajgiri, for Member of Legislative Assembly and lost by a narrow margin. In 2015, he won as Member of Legislative Council (MLC) from Mahabubnagar, Ranga Reddy, Hyderabad Graduates Constituency in Telangana as a BJP candidate. Rao lost to Surabhi Vani Devi in 2021 Mahabubnagar-Rangareddy-Hyderabad Graduates’ constituency elections.
References
1959 births
Living people
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Telangana
Members of the Telangana Legislative Council
People from Hyderabad, India |
43156696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumacancha | Pumacancha | Pumacancha (possibly from Quechua puma cougar, puma, kancha enclosure, enclosed place, yard, a frame, or wall that encloses) is a mountain in the Cusco Region in Peru, about high. It is situated in the Paucartambo Province, Caicay District.
See also
Curi
References
Mountains of Peru
Mountains of Cusco Region |
52241401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mika%20dela%20Cruz | Mika dela Cruz | Mariko Nicolette dela Cruz (born December 9, 1998), better known as Mika dela Cruz, is a Japanese-born Austrian-Filipino, actress, singer and model. She is currently an artist of GMA Network.
Personal life
Mika was born to a Filipino father and an Italian-Austrian mother. She is also the younger sister of Angelika Dela Cruz.
Career
Mika started her showbiz career with ABS-CBN Network. Mika is known for portraying teen to older characters, and is usually paired with Nash Aguas, Andre Garcia and Aaron Junatas.
On November 8, 2016, after 11 years with Star Magic, Mika officially signs with GMA Artist Center and becomes a contract artist of GMA Network.
Filmography
Television
Film
Awards and nominations
Notes
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
ABS-CBN personalities
Actresses from Metro Manila
Actresses from Tokyo
Filipino child actresses
Filipino film actresses
Filipino people of Austrian descent
Filipino people of Italian descent
Filipino television actresses
GMA Network personalities
Actors from Malabon
Star Circle Quest participants
Star Magic |
8685206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%20Fresh%3A%20The%20Hits%20of%20Winter%202001 | So Fresh: The Hits of Winter 2001 | So Fresh: The Hits of Winter 2001 is a compilation of songs that were popular in Australia in winter 2001.
Track listing
Nelly Furtado – "I'm Like a Bird" (4:03)
Lil' Bow Wow – "Bow Wow (That's My Name)" (3:23)
Limp Bizkit – "Rollin'" (3:35)
Outkast – "Ms. Jackson" (4:03)
Destiny's Child – "Survivor" (4:01)
Jennifer Lopez – "Love Don't Cost a Thing" (3:42)
Craig David – "7 Days" (3:56)
3LW – "No More (Baby I'ma Do Right)" (3:31)
ATC – "Around The World (La La La La La)" (3:36)
Leah Haywood – "Takin' Back What's Mine" (3:40)
Ronan Keating – "Lovin' Each Day" (3:32)
Human Nature – "When We Were Young" (3:27)
Nelly – "E.I." (4:15)
Joy Enriquez – "Tell Me How You Feel" (4:06)
Pink – "You Make Me Sick" (4:06)
Bon Jovi – "Thank You For Loving Me" (5:09)
soulDecision – "Ooh It's Kinda Crazy" (4:20)
Tony Lee Scott – "Take Me Away" (3:05)
K-Ci & JoJo – "Crazy" (4:21)
Westlife – "I Lay My Love on You" (3:32)
Charts
References
External links
MusicBrainz page
So Fresh albums
2001 compilation albums
2001 in Australian music |
17521176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabien%20Leclercq | Fabien Leclercq | Fabien Leclercq (born 19 October 1972 in Lille, France) is a French football player. He currently plays at Gap FC.
External links
1972 births
Living people
Footballers from Lille
French men's footballers
France men's under-21 international footballers
French expatriate men's footballers
Lille OSC players
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
AS Cannes players
ASOA Valence players
FC Sète 34 players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Scottish Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in Scotland
Men's association football defenders
Competitors at the 1993 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for France
Mediterranean Games medalists in football |
63805275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20von%20Arx | Karl von Arx | Karl von Arx, commonly known by his pseudonym Tschüppeli, (* 1921; † 1982) was a Swiss footballer who played in the 1940s. He played as midfielder.
Von Arx joined Basel's first team during their 1942–43 season. He played his domestic league debut for the club in the away game on 25 October 1942 against Lugano. He scored his first goal for his club on 21 March 1943 in the away game against Cantonal Neuchatel. But this could not save Basel from a 2–3 defeat.
Between the years 1942 and 1943 von Arx played a total of 46 games for Basel scoring a total of four goals. 31 of these games were in the Nationalliga, four in the Swiss Cup and 11 were friendly games. He scored one goal in the domestic league, the others were scored during the test games.
References
Sources
Rotblau: Jahrbuch Saison 2017/2018. Publisher: FC Basel Marketing AG.
Die ersten 125 Jahre. Publisher: Josef Zindel im Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag, Basel.
Verein "Basler Fussballarchiv" Homepage
(NB: Despite all efforts, the editors of these books and the authors in "Basler Fussballarchiv" have failed to be able to identify all the players, their date and place of birth or date and place of death, who played in the games during the early years of FC Basel)
FC Basel players
Swiss men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
1921 births
1982 deaths |
32924013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalayarkoil%20block | Kalayarkoil block | Kalaiyarkoil is a town in the Sivaganga district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 43 panchayat villages.
References
External links
Sivaganga District Directory
Revenue blocks of Sivaganga district |
28087850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobri%20Do%2C%20Ivanjica | Dobri Do, Ivanjica | Dobri Do is a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 244 inhabitants.
References
Populated places in Moravica District |
43972368 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalidodon%20xiru | Psalidodon xiru | Psalidodon xiru is a species of fish endemic to the Jacuí River drainage in Brazil. It grows up to 95.7 mm in length.
References
Rhoadsiini
Tetras
Freshwater fish of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Fish described in 2013 |
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