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11010468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wow%20%28Superbus%20album%29 | Wow (Superbus album) | Wow is the third studio album by the French power pop band Superbus. It was released on 16 October 2006 on Mercury Records. The album reached the sixth place on French album charts.
Track listing
All tracks by Jennifer Ayache
"Le Rock à Billy" (Billy's Rock) - 2:01
"Ramdam" - 3:16
"Butterfly" - 3:52
"Over You" - 2:43
"Lola" - 2:58
"Tiens Le Fil" (Hold the Wire) - 2:01
"Un Peu De Douleur" (A Little Pain) - 2:47
"Let Me Hold You" - 3:15
"On Monday" - 4:21
"Travel the World" - 3:47
"Jenn Je T'aime" (Jenn I Love You) - 3:16
"Ça Mousse" (It's Frothing) - 3:11
"Bad Boy Killer" (bonus track) - 2:44
"Breath "(bonus track) - 3:45
"Heart of glass" (iTunes Bonus Track)
"Travel the World" (at Mme Krapabelle a frappe Bart Simpson concert) - 3:47
Personnel
Jennifer Ayache, Jenn. – vocals
Patrice Focone, a.k.a. Pat. – guitar, backing vocals)
Michel Giovannetti, a.k.a. Mitch. – guitar)
François Even, a.k.a. Küntz. – bass, backing vocals)
Greg Jacks, (drums)
2006 albums
Superbus (band) albums
Mercury Records albums |
127682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%20Heel%2C%20North%20Carolina | Tar Heel, North Carolina | Tar Heel is a town located in Bladen County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town population was 117.
Tar Heel is home to the largest pig processing plant in the world, which opened in 1992, operated by Smithfield Foods and is located just north of the town limits.
Geography
Tar Heel is located on the banks of the Cape Fear River. Its major highways are NC 87 and NC 131. Fayetteville is to the north, Elizabethtown is to the southeast, and Lumberton is to the southwest.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
History
This farming community has a history dating back to the Revolutionary War. Colonel Thomas Robeson, for whom Robeson County was named, lived in the Tar Heel community. His home is located just to the east of the town. It is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as Walnut Grove.
The town of Mayville, no longer in existence, was on the Robeson and Bladen County line and was the village mentioned in the diary of Elizabeth Ellis Robeson (1847–1866). Just when the village moved to what is now Tar Heel is unknown. During the Civil War, Colonel Thomas Purdie and Captain Daniel Munn, residents of the Tar Heel area, led troops at Gettysburg and Fort Fisher.
The Town of Tar Heel was incorporated by the State of North Carolina in 1964.
The town was known for its landing on the Cape Fear River. The state operated a ferry at this landing, and it was a major loading point for vessels that transported agricultural goods to the market in Wilmington. The major product was barrels of turpentine. Tar Heel had several turpentine stills, and the remains of some of the old stills can be found in the area. The results of transporting the barrels of turpentine, leaking barrels, caused a tar-like material to be found around the landing and the access to the river. When the community people talked of going to the village, it was said they were going to get tar on their heels, thus the name Tar Heel.
The town of Tar Heel is often confused with Chapel Hill, North Carolina, home of the University of North Carolina Tar Heels.
The Purdie House and Purdie Methodist Church and Walnut Grove are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Government
The town of Tar Heel is governed by a mayor/council governing body. The mayor and council are elected to four-year terms. The town's council meets monthly. In July 2011, the town of Tar Heel made world news when it was announced that no one was running for any of the four positions on the town board. The town held the election and Roy Dew was elected mayor of Tar Heel by write-in votes in November 2011. Also elected to the town's council by write-in votes were Angela Hall, Sam Allen, and Derek Druzak (2013). The Town Mayor is now Sam Allen; he was selected to serve the remainder of Dew's term, after the latter passed while in office. In 2021, Allen was elected to a full term as Mayor with Hall and Druzak re-elected to the town council by write-in, as well as Steve Dowless who was the only listed candidate for town council.
Services
The services provided by this small rural community are:
Street maintenance, sanitation pickup for residents, and street lights.
Police protection is provided by the Bladen County Sheriff's Office.
Fire protection is provided by the Tar Heel Rural Volunteer Fire Department.
Water services are provided by the Tar Heel Water Corporation.
Education
Public schools, part of the Bladen County School system, in the Tar Heel area:
Plain View Elementary
Tar Heel Middle School
Tar Heel High School consolidated with Bladenboro High School in 2001. The Tar Heel High School records show the school was originally built circa 1909.
Churches
The greater Tar Heel community is home to these churches:
Love Grove Baptist Church
Tar Heel Baptist Church
Tar Heel Free Will Church
Beth Car Presbyterian – listed as a historic site
Clark's Chapel
New Life Ministry
Purdie's Methodist – The oldest unaltered Methodist Church in North Carolina, National Register of Historic Places listings in Bladen County, North Carolina
Demographics
As of the census of 2010, there are 117 people, 60 households, and 34 families residing in the town. The racial makeup of the town is majority White (93.2% or 107 persons). 5.1% (or 6 persons) are Mexican; and 3.4% (4 persons) are Native American with 2 people identifying solely as Native American and 2 others identifying as also White. There are 0.00% African American and 0.00% Asian or Pacific Islander.
See also
Tar Heel – an expression that was used during the Civil War and became the origin of the state's nickname – even though similar it is not the origin of the town's name.
An American Trilogy (book) about the same piece of land in Tar Heel, site of decimation of aboriginal tribes by Christian settlers; a plantation where African-American slaves once worked; and now the site of factory farms for pigs, and the world's largest slaughterhouse.
References
Towns in Bladen County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
Meat processing in the United States |
44518048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karon%20%28name%29 | Karon (name) | Karon is both a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
Karon O. Bowdre (born 1955), American judge
Karon Riley (born 1978), American football player
Jan Karon (born 1937), American writer
Tony Karon, South African journalist
See also
Karol (name)
KaRon Coleman (born 1976), American football player |
60598660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Chinese%20national-type%20primary%20schools%20in%20Terengganu | List of Chinese national-type primary schools in Terengganu | This is a list of Chinese national-type primary schools (SJK(C)) in Terengganu, Malaysia. As of June 2022, there are 10 Chinese primary schools with a total of 2,152 students.
List of Chinese national-type primary schools in Terengganu
See also
Lists of Chinese national-type primary schools in Malaysia
References
Schools in Terengganu
Terengganu
Chinese-language schools in Malaysia |
43705348 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Love%20%28The%20Time%20Frequency%20song%29 | Real Love (The Time Frequency song) | "Real Love" is the debut single by the Time Frequency, released in 1992. It charted at number 60 on the UK Singles Chart. It can be considered the Time Frequency's signature song, due to it being the most well known song the band has released. The "1, 2, 1, 2" is sampled from the I Start Counting song "Lose Him".
In 1993, a remix of the song was released, titled "Real Love '93". It peaked at number eight on the UK Singles Chart, making it the group's most successful single. Another version of the song was released in 2002 titled "Real Love 2002", and reached No. 43 on the UK Singles Chart and No. 12 on the Scottish Singles Chart. It also peaked at No. 10 on the UK Dance Singles Chart and No. 4 on the UK Independent Singles Chart. Another version titled "Real Love 2006" was included on the compilation album Ultimate Scottish Clubnation.
Personnel
Mary Kiani – vocals
Jon Campbell – vocals, production
Charts
Original version
Remix
2002 version
References
1991 songs
1992 debut singles
1993 singles
2002 singles
The Time Frequency songs
Jive Records singles
Zomba Group of Companies singles |
38067596 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evans%E2%80%93Saksena%20reduction | Evans–Saksena reduction | The Saksena–Evans reduction is a diastereoselective reduction of β-hydroxy ketones to the corresponding anti-dialcohols, employing the reagent tetramethylammonium triacetoxyborohydride (Me4NHB(OAc)3). The reaction was first described by Anil K. Saksena in 1983 and further developed by David A. Evans in 1987.
The reaction is thought to proceed through the 6-membered ring transition state shown below. The intramolecular hydride delivery from the boron reducing agent forces the reduction to proceed from the opposite face of the chelating β-alcohol, thus determining the diastereoselectivity.
This can be contrasted with the Narasaka–Prasad reduction which similarly employs a boron chelating agent but undergoes an intermolecular hydride delivery, favouring the corresponding syn-diol product.
The Saksena-Evans reduction has since been used in the synthesis of several products, particularly the bryostatins.
See also
Evans–Tishchenko reaction
References
Name reactions |
29406701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok%20Subglacial%20Highlands | Vostok Subglacial Highlands | Vostok Subglacial Highlands () is a line of subglacial highlands trending NNW-SSE and forming an east extension of Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains. The feature was delineated by the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI)-National Science Foundation (NSF)-Technical University of Denmark (TUD) airborne radio echo sounding program, 1967–79, and named after Vostok, the flagship of the First Russian Antarctic Expedition, 1819-21 led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen.
References
Mountain ranges of Antarctica
Landforms of Wilkes Land
Highlands |
8858835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Buettner | Dan Buettner | Dan Buettner (born June 18, 1960) is an American National Geographic Fellow and New York Times-bestselling author. He is an explorer, educator, author, producer, storyteller and public speaker. He co-produced an Emmy Award-winning documentary and holds three Guinness records for endurance cycling. Buettner is the founder of Blue Zones, LLC.
Biography
Early life
Dan Buettner was born on June 18, 1960, in Saint Paul, Minnesota. After graduating from the University of St. Thomas in 1983, Buettner took a year to explore Spain before taking a job with National Public Radio in Washington, D.C., to recruit celebrity participation in a fund-raising croquet tournament with journalist George Plimpton.
Education
Buettner graduated from the University of St. Thomas in 1983. Soon thereafter he went to work for The Washington Post columnist Remar Sutton and Paris Review Editor George Plimpton to organize the National Public Radio’s Celebrity Croquet Tournament.
Early expeditions
In 1986, Dan Buettner launched the first of several Guinness World Records for transcontinental cycling. "Americastrek" traversed , from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, to Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; the 1990 "Sovietrek", where Dan was joined by his brother Steve, followed the 45th parallel around the world and covered , as Buettner recounted the trip in his book Sovietrek. In 1992, in "Africatrek", the Buettner brothers team-cycled from Bizerte, Tunisia, to Cape Agulhas, South Africa, with cyclist Dr. Chip Thomas, covering over eight months. Buettner’s book, Africatrek: A Journey by Bicycle through Africa, won the Young Reader Award from Scientific American.
MayaQuest
In February 1995, Buettner developed a genre of exploration that enabled online audiences to direct teams of experts to solve mysteries. His MayaQuest [USA Today CITATION] expedition sought to help solve the mystery of the 9th century Maya Collapse. Carrying laptop computers and a newly demilitarized satellite dish, the expedition interacted with classrooms that helped determine exploration route and findings. Hamline University’s Center for Global Environmental Education created a framework for schools to use the expedition as multi-disciplinary teaching themes. Both Africatrek and MayaQuest were adapted into educational computer games by MECC in the late 1990s.
Businesses
In 1995, Buettner founded Earthtreks, Inc. to manage his expeditions. He sold the company to Classroom Connect in 1997 but continued to lead expeditions until 2002. His team retraced Darwin’s route in the Galapagos and followed Marco Polo’s trail on the Silk Road, explored the collapse of the Anasazi Civilization and traced the origins of Western Civilization.
When Buettner realized that adults were also following his expeditions, he approached National Geographic with the idea to research longevity hotspots and was given support to move forward. He then met with Robert Kane, as of 2016 the Director, Center on Aging, at the University of Minnesota, who introduced him to demographers and scientists at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) in Washington, D.C. Buettner was awarded a grant from the National Institute of Aging. Previous research identified the longevity hotspots of Sardinia, Okinawa, and Loma Linda.
In 2003, Buettner began leading trips to these destinations while collaborating with a variety of experts, including anthropologists, historians, dietitians, and geneticists, "to reverse engineer longevity". His early trips focused on Sardinia, Italy; Okinawa, Japan; Monterrey, Nuevo Leon; and Loma Linda, California.
Blue Zones
In 2003, Buettner formed Blue Zones LLC. Buettner reported his findings of communities with increased longevity, identified as blue zones, in his cover story for National Geographic Magazine'''s November 2005 edition, "Secrets of Long Life."
In 2006, under aegis of National Geographic, Buettner collaborated with Michel Poulain and Costa Rican demographer Dr. Luis Rosero-Bixby to identify a fourth longevity hotspot in the Nicoya Peninsula. In 2008, again working with Poulain, he found a fifth longevity hotspot on the Greek Island of Ikaria. In April 2008, Buettner released a book on his findings, The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer From the People Who've Lived the Longest, through National Geographic Books. It became a New York Times Best Seller and resulted in interviews for Buettner on The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Dr. Oz Show, and Anderson Cooper 360, among other national media.
In September 2009, Buettner gave a TED talk on the topic, titled "How to live to be 100+", which, as of this date, has over 4.6 million views. In October 2010, he released the book Thrive: Finding Happiness the Blue Zones Way, largely based on research taking a data-based approach to identify the statistically happiest regions of the happiest countries on Earth. He argues that creating lasting happiness is only achievable through optimizing the social and physical environments.
In April 2015, Buettner published The Blue Zones Solution: Eating and Living Like the World's Healthiest People, which listed Ikaria (in Greece), Okinawa (Japan), Sardinia (Italy), Loma Linda (California), and Costa Rica as the places with top longevity. It became a New York Times Best Seller. The book was featured on the cover of Parade, and Buettner was interviewed extensively on national media.
In 2019, Buettner and National Geographic photographer David McLain revisited all of the Blue Zones to study diet; based on this, Buettner and Mclain wrote Blue Zones Kitchen. In 2020, Blue Zones LLC was acquired by Adventist Health.
AARP/Blue Zones Vitality Project
In 2008, inspired by Finland’s North Karelia Project, Buettner designed a plan to apply his Blue Zones principles to an American town. He auditioned five cities and chose Albert Lea, Minnesota, for the AARP/Blue Zones Vitality Project, where he believed the key to success involved focusing on the ecology of health—creating a healthy environment rather than relying on individual behaviors.
Walter Willett, chair of the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health, found the results "stunning". As a whole, the community showed an 80% increase in walking and biking; 49% decrease in city worker’s healthcare claims, and 4% reduction in smoking. The community shed 12,000 pounds, walked 75 million steps, and added three years to their average life expectancy. City officials reported a 40% drop in health care costs.
Blue Zones Project
In 2010, Buettner partnered with Healthways, a global health and well-being company, to scale the Blue Zones city work under the rubric of Blue Zones Projects. The Blue Zones Project team partnered with Beach Cities Health District in Southern California to apply Blue Zone principles to three California communities—Redondo Beach, Hermosa Beach, and Manhattan Beach. Their work occasioned the lowering of BMI by 14% and smoking by 30%, as well as increasing healthy eating and exercise.
In 2011, the Blue Zones Project joined forces with Wellmark Blue Cross and Blue Shield to deliver the Blue Zones Project across the State of Iowa as the cornerstone of the Governor’s Healthiest State Initiative and is at work in 18 cities there to effect change. In 2013, projects began in Fort Worth, Texas, and in Hawaii.
In 2014, work began in Naples, Florida; South Bend, Indiana; and Klamath Falls, Oregon. In 2018, Klamath Falls was recognized by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) as the "Culture of Health" prize winner
Public speaking
Bill Clinton’s Global Initiative, 2013
Tiger21, 2015
Google Zeitgeist, 2012
TEDxTC 2009 (Minneapolis/St. Paul), independently organized TED event.
Personal life
Buettner and American model Cheryl Tiegs ended a relationship on January 1, 2009.
Bibliography
Buettner, Dan. (February 25, 2002) Scary Canoe Stories. The Rake.
Buettner, Dan (May 2015) Want Great Longevity and Health? It Takes a Village. "The secrets of the world’s longest-lived people include community, family, exercise and plenty of beans." The Wall Street Journal''
Buettner, Dan, (2017). The blue zones of happiness: lessons from the world's happiest people. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic .
References
Further reading
External links
(BlueZones)
BlueZones Facebook
Dan Buettner talks about Sovietrek and his other adventures with anthropologist Jack Weatherford, in Northern Lights Minnesota Author Interview TV Series, #347 (1995): [https://reflections.mndigital.org/catalog/p16022coll38:369#/kaltura_video]
1960 births
American explorers
American health and wellness writers
American travel writers
Diet food advocates
Living people
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota |
2038363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea%20Sinhung%20Trading | Korea Sinhung Trading | Korea Sinhung Trading Corporation (Chosongul: 조선신흥무역총회사) is a trading company in Pyongyang, North Korea. It is involved in seafood export and is also involved in the import of household appliances and furniture.The company registered the trademark "chotnun(첫눈,meaning first snow)"at the World Intellectual Property Organization in 2019.
Names
Old korean names were Choson sinhungmuyok sangsa(조선신흥무역상사,朝鮮新興貿易商社,name in the early 2000s.), Choson sinhung muyok hoesa(조선신흥무역회사,朝鮮新興貿易會社), and many others.
Leadership
The company was led by Om Kyong Chol or Om Kwang Chol in the early 2010s, who is part of the North Korean secret police.
Address
Tongan-dong Chung-guyok,Pyongyang.
See also
List of North Korean companies
Economy of North Korea
References
External links
Sinhung Trading's Naenara page
Retail companies of North Korea |
17470741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83l%C8%9Bi%20%28wine%29 | Bălți (wine) | Bălți is a Moldovan wine region. This area has no sizable industrial vineyards. Here are plants for the production of cognac wine materials, special fortified wines and partially for the production of table wine. In the north of Moldova mainly white grape varieties sorts are grown: Aligote, Pinot, Fetească, Traminer.
Wine regions of Moldova |
37075716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Munro | Bill Munro | William Davidson Munro (21 June 1934 – October 2023) was a Scottish football player and manager.
Career
Born in Glasgow on 21 June 1934, Bill Munro played for Kilmarnock, Barrow and East Stirlingshire. He was appointed manager of Clydebank, owned by the Steedman family who had previously owned East Stirlingshire while Munro was a player there. Munro guided Clydebank to promotion to the Scottish Premier Division in 1977. He later managed Airdrie and also worked in women's football (at Cumbernauld Ladies).
Death
On 6 October 2023, it was announced that Munro had died at the age of 89.
Honours
Clydebank
Scottish First Division promotion 1976–77
Stirlingshire Cup : 1978–79, 1979–80
References
1934 births
2023 deaths
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football inside forwards
Kilmarnock F.C. players
Barrow A.F.C. players
East Stirlingshire F.C. players
English Football League players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish football managers
Clydebank F.C. (1965) managers
Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) managers
Scottish Football League managers |
1183949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respighi%20%28crater%29 | Respighi (crater) | Respighi is a small lunar impact crater that is located to the southeast of the crater Dubyago, near the eastern limb of the Moon. To the east is the comparably sized Liouville.
This is a crudely circular crater with inner walls that slope down to the relatively darker (lower albedo) interior central floor. The rim has not suffered significant erosion from subsequent impacts, but there is a shallower section to the south. Attached to the southern rim of this crater is Schubert N, a formation that has the appearance of two or more merged craters with a dark, lava-flooded floor that is elongated to the southeast.
The crater is named for Lorenzo Respighi, 1824–89, Italian mathematician and astronomer.
References
External links
LTO-63D4 Respighi — L&PI topographic map
Impact craters on the Moon |
19194724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis%20Pigmentosa%20International | Retinitis Pigmentosa International | Retinitis Pigmentosa International (RPI or RP International) is an international, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that is committed to focusing world attention on eye problems. RP International promotes research, public awareness, education, and human services for victims of degenerative eye diseases.
Vision Awards and Eyes of Christmas
RPI presents and organizes the Vision Awards annually from Hollywood, which raises funds for RP International, and is dedicated to honoring individuals and companies who have illustrated exceptional "vision, foresight, and insight" in the creative arts, related technologies and medical research. The event also highlights scientific landmarks in adult stem cell transplants, microchip implants, and pharmaceuticals. In 2006, the Vision Awards took special note of adult stem cell research by honoring a patient who was able to regain sight thanks to the LSU technique after more than 20 years of blindness.
The "Eyes of Christmas" is a television program in which the blind and visually impaired people can "watch" holiday shows by hearing descriptive narrations of the shows. The program is aired on a variety of cable networks and independent television stations, and features celebrities presenting holiday music, memories, and films, over the 12 days leading up to Christmas.
TheatreVision
TheatreVision is an RPI program that makes films accessible to the visually impaired. It incorporates a special soundtrack in films that runs concurrently with the dialogue of the picture. The track provides a "descriptive narration" of what is being shown on the screen. Forrest Gump was the first film to be completed in this format, making its TheatreVision debut before a visually challenged audience. These formatted films are made available to the visually impaired through theatres, libraries, charitable organizations, special screenings, and schools for the blind.
Many TheatreVision presentations are audio described by celebrities, often who have a connection to the film. The 1999 Disney film Tarzan was described by actor Tony Goldwyn, who also performed the voice of the lead character in the film, and Samuel L. Jackson performed the description for Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. TheatreVision has also prepared special presentations for television, often providing live descriptions of the annual Academy Awards, and notably describing the classic film It's a Wonderful Life for NBC's traditional annual broadcast of the film (with the descriptive audio carried on the SAP (Second Audio Program) channel), with the narrative description performed by former president George H. W. Bush.
Founder
Helen Harris is the founder of RPI and a longtime activist for the blind and vision impaired. As a housewife, painter, and young mother, Harris learned that she was slowly going blind from retinitis pigmentosa. She then learned that two of her three sons had inherited her disease. In 1973, she began RPI to provide support and counsel to those who suffer from retinitis pigmentosa and other degenerative eye diseases, and to find a cure for those diseases.
See also
Retinitis pigmentosa
Macular degeneration
Stem cells
Eye disease
References
External links
RPI Official Website
Charities based in California
Organizations established in 1973
Organizations based in Los Angeles
Ophthalmology organizations |
66592650 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320%20AC%20Ajaccio%20season | 2019–20 AC Ajaccio season | The 2019–20 season was the 100th season in the existence of AC Ajaccio and the club's sixth consecutive season in the second division of French football. In addition to the domestic league, Ajaccio participated in this season's editions of the Coupe de France and the Coupe de la Ligue. The season was scheduled to cover the period from 1 July 2019 to 30 June 2020.
Players
First-team squad
As of 15 January 2020.
Pre-season and friendlies
Competitions
Overview
Ligue 2
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
The league fixtures were announced on 14 June 2019. The Ligue 2 matches were suspended by the LFP on 13 March 2020 due to COVID-19 until further notices. On 28 April 2020, it was announced that Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 campaigns would not resume, after the country banned all sporting events until September. On 30 April, The LFP ended officially the 2019–20 season.
Coupe de France
Coupe de la Ligue
References
External links
AC Ajaccio seasons
AC Ajaccio |
21282930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20Early%20Historic%20Archaeology | Society for Early Historic Archaeology | The Society for Early Historic Archaeology was an organization based at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah which sought to disseminate information related to Hebrew-Christian and Latter-day Saint scriptures and archaeology throughout the world of the earliest historical time period.
History
The society was organized in BYU's Department of Archaeology as the University Archaeological Society in 1949. It published a newsletter and held annual symposiums. In 1967 its name was changed to the Society for Early Historic Archaeology. It split off from BYU in 1979 and afterward began a slow decline until ceasing in 1990.
Notes
Sources
header of society newsletter copy at SHIELDS website
Society's constitution
Brigham Young University
Organizations established in 1949
Organizations disestablished in 1990
1949 establishments in Utah
1990 disestablishments in Utah |
43695701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton%20Redbacks%20FC | Thornton Redbacks FC | Thornton Redbacks FC is a semi-professional football club based in Thornton in the Hunter Region, New South Wales. Thornton Redbacks FC currently competes in the Northern NSW Football Northern League One with senior teams in First Grade, Reserve Grade and U18's and whilst junior teams range from U13 to U16.
The Northern NSW Football Northern League One is the second tier of football sitting under the NNSWF National Premier Leagues.
References
Northern NSW Football –
Thornton Redbacks FC –
1978 establishments in Australia
Association football clubs established in 1978
Soccer clubs in Newcastle, New South Wales |
3818126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadley%2C%20Wiltshire | Cadley, Wiltshire | Cadley, Wiltshire can refer to two places in Wiltshire, England:
Cadley, Collingbourne Ducis
Cadley, Savernake
See also
Chute Cadley |
17430269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiromitsu%20Kanehara | Hiromitsu Kanehara | ) is a former Japanese mixed martial artist and professional wrestler of Korean descent. A professional MMA competitor from 1998 until 2012, he found success in Fighting Network RINGS, gaining notable victories over Valentijn Overeem, Alexandre Ferreira, former King of the Cage Light Heavyweight Champion Jeremy Horn, former RINGS Light-Heavyweight Champion Masayuki Naruse and former UFC Middleweight Champion Dave Menne.
He later competed for PRIDE Fighting Championships, DEEP, Pancrase and K-1 HERO'S to mixed success. Kanehara also once competed in professional kickboxing. Kanehara initially started his career as a professional wrestler and competed mostly in shoot style wrestling with UWF International and its successor Kingdom. He later made appearances for Pro Wrestling Zero1 and Real Japan Pro Wrestling before retiring in 2020.
Mixed martial arts career
Fighting Network RINGS
Kanehara debuted in RINGS with a submission win against Sander Thonhauser and followed it with a victory on May 29, 1998, against Lee Hasdell, winning by decision. He would follow with victories over Sander MacKilljan, Hans Nijman and Hasdell again, but his winning streak broke in February 1999 against Carlson Gracie apprentice Ricardo Morais. The 60 pound heavier Morais controlled Kanehara positionally with the aid of his size, leaving the Japanese relegated to try Kimura locks from underneath and trying to escape unsuccessfully.
On May 22, Kanehara faced Valentijn Overeem from RINGS Holland. Again facing a heavier opponent, Kanehara was hit with knees and kicks to the head and downed in the initial minute, but he managed to execute a takedown on Overeem, who fell badly and dislocated his knee. Judges and referee deliberated about letting the match continue after the knee was relocated, and they eventually conceded. Returning to action, Overeem landed a body kick which Kanehara grabbed for another takedown, but Hiromitsu fell into a guillotine and was forced to spend a rope escape. The sequence repeated itself before Overeem knocked Kanehara out with a high kick.
Kanehara had his debut in worldwide MMA at the 1999 edition of the King of Kings tournament, where he faced tough opposition. Kanehara eliminated Jeremy Horn in a prolonged grappling affair in the first round, winning the unanimous decision thanks to his superior wrestling and ground work, and then went to face eventual winner Dan Henderson. The match was harsh and brutal, with Kanehara getting his nose broken and finally being dominated with repeated takedowns for a majority decision loss.
After the tournament, Kanehara avenged his defeat to Valentijn Overeem, knocking out the Dutch fighter via punch from the clinch in a much shorter match. He was next sent as a RINGS representative to the event Colosseum 2000, where he found himself in front of Brazilian jiu-jitsu legend Mario Sperry; even at loss, Kanehara performed impressively, countering and escaping all the bad positions he was caught with by Sperry. Before the next edition of the tournament, Kanehara still fought the former finalist Renato "Babalu" Sobral, losing by decision.
Kanehara returned to KoK format facing popular luta livre practitioner and ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship champion Alexandre "Cacareco" Ferreira. Although believed to be technically outmatched, Kanehara fought a long, strategic match and ended submitting the decorated grappler by kimura. He then won his next match, quickly knocking out Tommy Sauer with punches, and reached the tournament's final event. There, Kanehara fought and defeated another tough opponent in the form of Dave Menne, dominating the stand-up and knocking him out for a TKO win in round 3, although there was some controversy when Menne's corner protested the stoppage had been premature. Finally, Kanehara faced the eventual winner, Brazilian jiu-jitsu expert Antonio Rodrigo Nogueira, losing a very back and forth grappling contest when he was caught in a choke and forced to submit.
After his KoK tenures, Kanehara went to fight another Brazilian exponent and ADCC winner, Ricardo Arona, who he had already wrestled in ADCC in a losing effort. Though Kanehara was able to survive several striking combinations, holding his own on the mat, he was reversed in one of his own kneebar attempts and submitted. Right after he fought future Ultimate Fighting Championship welterweight champion Matt Hughes, losing by unanimous decision.
PRIDE Fighting Championships
At the twilight of his career, Kanehara debuted in PRIDE Fighting Championships as a RINGS veteran, and was pitted against a series of world-level opponents as PRIDE was known for doing with Japanese professional wrestlers. The first of them would be Wanderlei Silva in a challenge fight in PRIDE 23 for the PRIDE Middleweight Championship, but Kanehara was knocked down with strikes and hit with soccer kicks and stomps until his corner threw the towel.
Hiromitsu returned to PRIDE as part of the Bushido series, taking on another feared striker in Mirko Cro Cop. The match went to the judges this time, as Kanehara absorbed a surprising amount of punishment, including Mirko's dreaded left high kick. He got similar results against Alistair Overeem in PRIDE 28; he survived a barrage of punches, flying knees and even a German suplex-like takedown, until he was finished by doctor stoppage.
His final appearance in PRIDE was in its 29th event, being defeated by Maurício Rua via TKO (stomp) in the first round.
Championships and accomplishments
Fighting Network RINGS
2000 RINGS King of Kings Tournament Semifinalist
2000 RINGS Rising Stars Middleweight Tournament Semifinalist
Union of Wrestling Forces International
Junior League Tournament (1992)
Mixed martial arts record
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 21–27–5
| Yuki Kondo
| Decision (points)
| U-Spirits: U-Spirits Again
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 21–26–5
| Ryuta Sakurai
| Decision (unanimous)
| DEEP: Haleo Impact
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 21–25–5
| Yuki Sasaki
| Draw (unanimous)
| Grabaka: Grabaka Live 2
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 21–25–4
| Yusuke Sakashita
| Decision (unanimous)
| DEEP: Cage Impact 2012 in Tokyo: Over Again
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 21–24–4
| Daijiro Matsui
| Draw (majority)
| DEEP: 57 Impact
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
| Light Heavyweight bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 21–24–3
| Hideto Tatsumi
| Decision (unanimous)
| DEEP: 54 Impact
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 21–23–3
| Hiroki Sato
| Decision (unanimous)
| DEEP: 51 Impact
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 20–23–3
| Yong Choi
| Draw
| DEEP: 49 Impact
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 20–23–2
| Riki Fukuda
| Decision (unanimous)
| DEEP: 46 Impact
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 20–22–2
| Makoto Miyazawa
| TKO (punches)
| DEEP: 44 Impact
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:25
| Tokyo, Japan
| Catchweight (87 kg) bout.
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 19–22–2
| Ryuta Sakurai
| Draw
| DEEP: 42 Impact
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 19–22–1
| Kenji Nagai
| TKO (punches)
| DEEP: 41 Impact
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:02
| Tokyo, Japan
| Catchweight (85 kg) bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 18–22–1
| Ichiro Kanai
| Decision (unanimous)
| Pancrase: Shining 8
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 18–21–1
| Keiichiro Yamamiya
| Decision (unanimous)
| Pancrase: Shining 5
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 18–20–1
| Izuru Takeuchi
| Decision (unanimous)
| Pancrase: Shining 2
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 18–19–1
| Ryo Kawamura
| KO (punches)
| Pancrase: Rising 3
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 1:36
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 18–18–1
| Marcelo Brito
| Technical Submission (armbar)
| MARS 5: Marching On
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:49
| Tokyo, Japan
| Catchweight (85 kg) bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–17–1
| Ruslan Abdulkhamidov
| Submission (heel hook)
| Kokoro: Kill Or Be Killed
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:02
| Tokyo, Japan
| Middleweight debut.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–17–1
| Kestutis Arbocius
| Decision (unanimous)
| Pancrase: Blow 3
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–16–1
| Chalid Arrab
| Decision (majority)
| HERO'S 2005 in Seoul
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Seoul, South Korea
| Catchweight (90 kg) bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–15–1
| Yuki Kondo
| Decision (unanimous)
| Pancrase: Spiral 8
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Yokohama, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–14–1
| Iouri Bekichev
| TKO
| RINGS Russia: CIS vs. The World
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Lithuania
| Heavyweight bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–13–1
| Maurício Rua
| TKO (stomp)
| PRIDE 29: Fists of Fire
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:40
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–12–1
| Alistair Overeem
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| PRIDE 28
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:52
| Saitama, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–11–1
| Mirko Cro Cop
| Decision (unanimous)
| PRIDE Bushido 3
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Yokohama, Japan
| Heavyweight bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–10–1
| Wanderlei Silva
| TKO (corner stoppage)
| PRIDE 23
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:40
| Tokyo, Japan
| For the PRIDE Middleweight Championship.
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 17–9–1
| Mikhail Ilyukhin
| Draw
| RINGS: World Title Series Grand Final
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Yokohama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–9
| Paul Cahoon
| Decision (split)
| RINGS: World Title Series 5
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Yokohama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 16–9
| Kelly Jacobs
| TKO (lost points)
| RINGS: World Title Series 4
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:51
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–9
| Matt Hughes
| Decision (majority)
| RINGS: 10th Anniversary
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–8
| Ricardo Arona
| Submission (kneebar)
| RINGS: World Title Series 2
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:53
| Yokohama, Japan
| 2001 RINGS Middleweight Championship Tournament First Round.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–7
| Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| RINGS: King of Kings 2000 Final
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:27
| Tokyo, Japan
| 2000 RINGS King of Kings Semifinals.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 15–6
| Dave Menne
| TKO (punches)
| RINGS: King of Kings 2000 Final
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:24
| Tokyo, Japan
| 2000 RINGS King of Kings Third Round.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 14–6
| Tommy Sauer
| TKO (punches)
| RINGS: King of Kings 2000 Block B
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:14
| Osaka, Japan
| 2000 RINGS King of Kings Second Round.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–6
| Alexandre Ferreira
| Submission (kimura)
| RINGS: King of Kings 2000 Block B
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 2:45
| Osaka, Japan
| 2000 RINGS King of Kings First Round.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–6
| Josh Hall
| Decision (split)
| RINGS USA: Rising Stars Block B
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Hawaii, United States
| 2000 RINGS Rising Stars Middleweight Tournament Quarterfinals; later pulled out of tournament.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 11–6
| Adrian Serrano
| Submission (armlock)
| RINGS USA: Rising Stars Block B
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:07
| Hawaii, United States
| 2000 RINGS Rising Stars Middleweight Tournament First Round.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 10–6
| Renato Sobral
| Decision (unanimous)
| RINGS: Millennium Combine 2
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 10–5
| Mario Sperry
| Decision (majority)
| C2K: Colosseum 2000
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–4
| Valentijn Overeem
| KO (punch)
| RINGS Holland: There Can Only Be One Champion
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:14
| Netherlands
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 9–4
| Dan Henderson
| Decision (majority)
| RINGS: King of Kings 1999 Block A
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
| 1999 RINGS King of Kings Tournament Second Round.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–3
| Jeremy Horn
| Decision (majority)
| RINGS: King of Kings 1999 Block A
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
| 1999 RINGS King of Kings Tournament First Round.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–3
| Wataru Sakata
| Decision (lost points)
| RINGS: Rise 5th
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–3
| Masayuki Naruse
| Decision (unanimous)
| RINGS: Rise 4th
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 10:00
| Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 6–3
| Valentijn Overeem
| TKO (corner stoppage)
| RINGS: Rise 3rd
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:35
| Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 6–2
| Kiyoshi Tamura
| Submission (armbar)
| RINGS: Rise 1st
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 0:14
| Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 6–1
| Ricardo Morais
| Decision
| RINGS: Final Capture
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–0
| Hans Nijman
| Submission (armbar)
| RINGS: World Mega Battle Tournament
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 9:04
| Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–0
| Lee Hasdell
| Decision
| NOTS 2: Night of the Samurai 2
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 15:00
| England
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–0
| Dick Vrij
| Submission (armbar)
| RINGS: Capture '98
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:22
| Yokohama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–0
| Sander MacKilljan
| Submission (armlock)
| RINGS: Fourth Fighting Integration
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:26
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Lee Hasdell
| Decision
| RINGS: Third Fighting Integration
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 30:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Sander Thonhauser
| Submission (achilles lock)
| RINGS: Second Fighting Integration
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 6:26
| Osaka, Japan
|
Kickboxing record
|-
|
|Loss
| Changpuek Kiatsongrit
|UWF-i High Tension
|Tokyo, Japan
|Decision (unanimous)
|align="center"|5
|align="center"|3:00
|0–1
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:
Submission grappling record
KO PUNCHES
|- style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0f0;"
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Result
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Opponent
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Method
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Event
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Date
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Round
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Time
| style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Notes
|-
|Loss|| Ricardo Arona || Points || ADCC -99 kg First Round || 2000 || N/A || N/A ||
|-
References
External links
RINGS fight history
1970 births
Living people
People from Owariasahi, Aichi
Japanese male mixed martial artists
Sportspeople from Aichi Prefecture
Japanese people of Korean descent
Light heavyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing kickboxing
Mixed martial artists utilizing shoot wrestling
Japanese male professional wrestlers
Zainichi Korean mixed martial artists |
58122386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervillains%20%28role-playing%20game%29 | Supervillains (role-playing game) | Supervillains is a 1982 superhero role-playing game published by Task Force Games.
Gameplay
Supervillains is a role-playing game involving tactical combat with superpowered characters set in New York City.
Reception
Steve List reviewed Supervillains in The Space Gamer No. 56. List commented that "While super-powered villains are the stuff of comic books, a game about them must be designed at a level demonstrating more sophistication than a comic book. SV fails in this regard. Mr. Register has a vivid imagination, but has failed to translate his ideas into a coherent form. Coupled with this is the typical lack of care shown by TFG in proofreading, editing, and organizing their products. The combination is deadly. Avoid Supervillains."
Reviews
Different Worlds #23 (Aug., 1982)
The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games
References
Superhero role-playing games
Task Force Games games |
15811517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcilly-en-Villette | Marcilly-en-Villette | Marcilly-en-Villette () is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.
See also
Communes of the Loiret department
References
Marcillyenvillette |
29450128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislature%20XII%20of%20Italy | Legislature XII of Italy | The Legislature XII of Italy () lasted from 15 April 1994 until 8 May 1996. Its composition was the one resulting from the snap general election of 27 March 1994. The election was called by President Scalfaro, after he dissolved the houses of Parliament on 16 January 1994. This decision was connected to some major events that permanently changed the shape of Italian internal politics during the beginning of the '90s, such as Tangentopoli and the Mafia trials.
This legislature marks the beginning of the so-called "Second Republic" (), characterised by the progressive decline and dismantlement of the traditional parties, such as the Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Communist Party, and the Italian Social Movement. It also marks the official entrance of Silvio Berlusconi in Italian politics.
This was the first legislature to apply the new majoritarian electoral system (also known as Mattarellum), which replaced the proportional system in effect since 1946.
Government
Composition
Chamber of Deputies
President: Irene Pivetti (LN), elected on 16 April 1994
Vice Presidents: Luciano Violante (PDS), Adriana Poli Bortone (AN, until 25 May 1994), Lorenzo Acquarone (PPI), Vittorio Dotti (FI, until 9 November 1994), Ignazio La Russa (AN, from 25 May 1994)
Senate of the Republic
President: Carlo Scognamiglio Pasini (FI), elected on 16 April 1994
Vice Presidents: Carlo Rognoni (PDS), Michele Pinto (PPI), Marcello Staglieno (LN), Romano Misservile (AN)
Notes
Of the 315 elected senators, 11 Senators for life were added at the beginning of the term distributed as follows:
3 from the Partito Popolare Italiano: Giulio Andreotti, Carlo Bo, Amintore Fanfani
1 from the group Progressisti – PSI: Francesco De Martino
7 with no affiliation: Gianni Agnelli, Norberto Bobbio, Francesco Cossiga, Giovanni Leone, Giovanni Spadolini (died in August 1994), Paolo Emilio Taviani, Leo Valiani
References
Legislatures of Italy
1994 establishments in Italy
1996 disestablishments in Italy |
13023610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blansko%20District | Blansko District | Blansko District () is a district in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Blansko.
Administrative division
Blansko District is divided into two administrative districts of municipalities with extended competence: Blansko and Boskovice.
List of municipalities
Towns are marked in bold and market towns in italics:
Adamov -
Bedřichov -
Benešov -
Blansko -
Borotín -
Bořitov -
Boskovice -
Brťov-Jeneč -
Bukovina -
Bukovinka -
Býkovice -
Černá Hora -
Černovice -
Cetkovice -
Chrudichromy -
Crhov -
Deštná -
Dlouhá Lhota -
Doubravice nad Svitavou -
Drnovice -
Habrůvka -
Hodonín -
Holštejn -
Horní Poříčí -
Horní Smržov -
Jabloňany -
Jedovnice -
Kněževes -
Knínice -
Kořenec -
Kotvrdovice -
Kozárov -
Krasová -
Křetín -
Krhov -
Křtěnov -
Křtiny -
Kulířov -
Kunčina Ves -
Kunice -
Kuničky -
Kunštát -
Lazinov -
Lažany -
Letovice -
Lhota Rapotina -
Lhota u Lysic -
Lhota u Olešnice -
Lipovec -
Lipůvka -
Louka -
Lubě -
Ludíkov -
Lysice -
Makov -
Malá Lhota -
Malá Roudka -
Míchov -
Milonice -
Němčice -
Nýrov -
Obora -
Okrouhlá -
Olešnice -
Olomučany -
Ostrov u Macochy -
Pamětice -
Petrov -
Petrovice -
Prostřední Poříčí -
Rájec-Jestřebí -
Ráječko -
Roubanina -
Rozseč nad Kunštátem -
Rozsíčka -
Rudice -
Šebetov -
Sebranice -
Šebrov-Kateřina -
Senetářov -
Skalice nad Svitavou -
Skrchov -
Sloup -
Šošůvka -
Spešov -
Štěchov -
Stvolová -
Sudice -
Suchý -
Sulíkov -
Světlá -
Svinošice -
Svitávka -
Tasovice -
Uhřice -
Újezd u Boskovic -
Újezd u Černé Hory -
Úsobrno -
Ústup -
Valchov -
Vanovice -
Vavřinec -
Vážany -
Velenov -
Velké Opatovice -
Vilémovice -
Vísky -
Voděrady -
Vranová -
Vysočany -
Závist -
Zbraslavec -
Žďár -
Žďárná -
Žernovník -
Žerůtky
Geography
The landscape is rugged and it has mostly the character of highlands. The territory extends into four geomorphological mesoregions: Drahany Highlands (most of the territory), Upper Svratka Highlands (northwest), Boskovice Furrow (a strip from southwest to northeast) and Svitavy Uplands (north). The highest point of the district is a contour line on the hill Skalky in Benešov with an elevation of , the lowest point is the river bed of the Svitava in Adamov at .
From the total district area of , agricultural land occupies , forests occupy , and water area occupies . Forests cover 43.6% of the district's area.
The most important river is the Svitava, which flows across the entire territory from north to south. A notable river is also the Punkva, the longest underground river in the country. There are not many bodies of water; the most notable are Letovice Reservoir and Olšovec Pond.
Most of the Moravian Karst Protected Landscape Area lies in the district, in its southern part. It includes the Macocha Gorge and cave systems.
Demographics
Most populated municipalities
Economy
The largest employers with headquarters in Blansko District and at least 500 employees are:
Transport
There are no motorways passing through the district. The most important road is the I/43 (part of European route E461) from Brno to Svitavy.
Sights
The most important monuments in the district, protected as national cultural monuments, are:
Kunštát Castle
Lysice Castle
Rájec nad Svitavou Castle in Rájec-Jestřebí
Church of the Name of the Virgin Mary in Křtiny
Zwettl Altar in Adamov
Stará huť ironworks in Adamov
The best-preserved settlements and landscapes, protected as monument reservations and monument zones, are:
Stará Huť industrial area in Adamov (monument reservation)
Boskovice
Veselka
The most visited tourist destination is the Macocha Gorge.
Notable people
References
External links
Blansko District – profile on the Czech Statistical Office website
Districts of the Czech Republic |
44130134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sree%20Ayyappanum%20Vavarum | Sree Ayyappanum Vavarum | Sree Ayyappanum Vavarum () is a 1982 Indian Malayalam-language Hindu mythological film directed and edited by N. P. Suresh and written by Purushan Alappuzha and Alappuzha Karthikeyan from a story by Purushan. The film stars Prem Nazir, Srividya, M. G. Soman and Nalini. The music for the film was composed by A. T. Ummer.
Plot
Cast
S. Babu as Lord Ayyappan
Prem Nazir as Vavar
Srividya as Vavar's wife
M. G. Soman as King of Pandhalam
Nalini
Swapna as Bhavanai
Mohanlal as Kadutha
Cochin Haneefa as Kaliyappan
Prathapachandran
Unnimary as Queen of Pandhalam
Rajkumar
Balan K. Nair as King Udayanan
Kaduvakulam Antony as Ummer
Mala Aravindan
Meena
Production
The film was shot at Vijaya Vauhini Studios, Prasad Studios and Chitra Mahal Studios, some of the scenes were shot in the hills of Sabarimala.
Soundtrack
The music was composed by A. T. Ummer and the lyrics were written by Poovachal Khader and Koorkkancheri Sugathan.
References
External links
1980s Malayalam-language films
1982 films
Films directed by N. P. Suresh
Hindu mythological films
Films shot in Pathanamthitta
History of Kerala on film |
50730976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%20Dutch%20TT | 2016 Dutch TT | The 2016 Dutch TT was the eighth round of the 2016 MotoGP season. It was held at the TT Circuit Assen in Assen on 26 June 2016.
Race report
MotoGP
It was the first Dutch TT held on Sunday, instead of the traditional Saturday date for the race. Geert Timmer chicane was altered removing the artificial turf and replacing it with higher kerbing. This race marked the first MotoGP class race since the 2006 Portuguese Grand Prix won by a non-factory team and the first race since the 2013 Americas Grand Prix in which all classes won by a new winner. Yamaha's podium streak record was ended for the first time since 2014 Dutch TT. It was also the 250th MotoGP race.
Moto2
Nakagami's win in Moto2 was the first for a Japanese rider in any GP class since Yuki Takahashi in the 2010 Catalan Grand Prix.
Classification
MotoGP
The race, scheduled to be run for 26 laps, was red-flagged after 14 full laps due to heavy rain and was later restarted over 12 laps. The race resulted in Jack Miller winning his maiden premier class victory. In the second part of the race, Valentino Rossi led and was pulling away before crashing out on the back end of the circuit. This in turn allowed Marc Márquez to make major championship gains by acquiring 20 points for finishing second behind Miller. This was a major turning point in the championship as Márquez would go on to claim his third title. Reigning champion Jorge Lorenzo's title defense derailed further following his Barcelona crash, as he struggled in the harsh conditions and ended up in 10th. Lorenzo remained ahead of Rossi in the standings, but slipped further behind Márquez. Scott Redding completed the podium in a rare double-rostrum for privateer teams.
Moto2
The race, scheduled to be run for 24 laps, was stopped early due to rain.
Moto3
Jorge Martín was replaced by Albert Arenas after the two Friday practice sessions.
Championship standings after the race (MotoGP)
Below are the standings for the top five riders and constructors after round eight has concluded.
Riders' Championship standings
Constructors' Championship standings
Note: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings.
Notes
References
Dutch
TT
Dutch TT
Dutch |
71672734 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenanita%20Angang | Wenanita Angang | Wenanita Angang (born 8 May 1996) is a Malaysian data scientist, advocate of hippotherapy for autistic children, model and beauty queen who was crowned Miss World Malaysia 2022. She was born and raised in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, and is of mixed Dusun Tatana and Murut descent.
Prior to becoming Miss World Malaysia 2022, one of her previous major achievements included being crowned as Miss Planet Malaysia in 2016 and placed as first runner-up in Batumi, Georgia. In 2018, she won the title of Unduk Ngadau Kuala Penyu in her hometown, Sabah, Malaysia. She went on to represent Malaysia at the international stage again through Miss Tourism and Culture Universe 2019, where she finished as second runner-up. As she has won the title of Miss World Malaysia 2022, she owns the right to represent her country at the 71st edition of Miss World.
Pageantry
Busak Mosongon 2016
Wenanita Angang's debut into the pageant industry began when she participated in Busak Mosongon 2016. Busak Mosongon, loosely translated to mean Beautiful Flower, is a beauty contest held during the Odou Bakanjar festival, celebrated by the Tatana community in Sabah, where participants are judged by their portrayal of Tatana’s ancient and disappearing customs and practices. Here, she placed as first runner-up in her first pageant.
Miss Sabah Model of the Year 2016
She went on to participate in Miss Sabah Model of the Year 2016, where she eventually won the title after having competed against 13 other finalists. The contest was held in Shangri-La's Tanjung Aru Resort and Spa on the 4th of June 2016. The contest was established in 2011 for Sabahan women to showcase their talent in modelling as well as pageantry.
Miss Planet International 2016
Also at the young age of 20, she won Miss Planet Malaysia. At the Miss Planet International 2016 competition held in Batumi, Georgia, she placed second and received the 'Best in National Costume' subsidiary award.
Unduk Ngadau 2018
In May of 2018, during the Harvest Festival, Kaamatan, held annually in the state of Sabah, she was crowned as Unduk Ngadau for the district of Kuala Penyu, where Inanam representative, Hosiani James Jaimis, won the state level competition.
Miss Tourism and Culture Universe 2019
After a year away from the pageant scene, she returned and represented Malaysia at the Miss Tourism and Culture Universe 2019 held in Myanmar. On the 31st of August 2019, she was announced as the 2nd runner-up.
Miss World Malaysia 2022
On the 27th of August 2022, she competed against 14 other contestants, winning Miss World Malaysia 2022. She succeeded her predecessor, Dr. Lavanya Sivaji from Selangor. She became the fifth titleholder from her state to win the title of Miss World Malaysia within the period of seven years, following the recent victory of Brynn Zalina Lovett in 2015.
In the final 'Question and Answer' portion, she was asked by the host, "What is the most inconvenient truth about climate change?", to which she replied:
During the pageant, she was in the Top 8 for the Beauty with a Purpose award. Runners-up were Evelyn Ting of Sarawak and Anya Kimberly Kow, also from Sabah. She will represent Malaysia at Miss World 2023.
References
External links
1996 births
Kadazan-Dusun people
Living people
Miss World 2022 delegates
People from Sabah
Murut people
Malaysian female models
Malaysian beauty pageant winners |
1211238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Railroad%20class%20M1 | Pennsylvania Railroad class M1 | The M1 was a class of steam locomotive of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). It was a class of heavy mixed-traffic locomotives of the 4-8-2 "Mountain" arrangement, which uses four pairs of driving wheels with a four-wheel guiding truck in front for stability at speed and a two-wheel trailing truck to support the large firebox needed for sustained power. Although built for both passenger and freight work, they spent most of their service lives hauling heavy high-speed freight trains. Many PRR men counted the M1 class locomotives as the best steam locomotives the railroad ever owned.
History
A single prototype, #6699, was built in 1923 at the railroad's Altoona Works. It spent three years in testing, including all kinds of main line service as well as a session on the railroad's static test plant. Having received favorable reports, a further 200 were ordered from commercial locomotive builders; 175 from the Baldwin Locomotive Works and 25 from Lima Locomotive Works. Breaking with the PRR tradition of random locomotive numbering, these were numbered in a solid block from #6800-#6999.
In 1930, 100 more were ordered; this class M1a had several improvements. Instead of separate cylinder block and smokebox saddle castings, the M1a had a one-piece casting (first seen on the K5 Pacific) with inside steam delivery pipes, instead of the outside, visible pipes of the M1. A Worthington feedwater heater was installed, with a boxlike mixing chamber behind the stack. Twin cross-compound air compressors were hung next to each other on the left side, instead of the single compressor of the M1. The M1a locomotives had larger tenders than the previous locomotives.
The M1a locomotives were intended for passenger as well as freight service, and some bore decorative gold-leaf lining on tender and cab sides, but they proved better suited to freight work, and extensive electrification saw a surplus of K4s locomotives available for passenger trains. While they were mostly used on freight, their dual service purpose entitled them to have smokebox mounted keystone shaped numberplates. Freight engines on the Pennsy had circular numberplates.
Like most PRR steam locomotives, the M1 and M1a featured the square-shouldered Belpaire firebox. The square-topped section continued ahead of the firebox proper, revealing the presence of a combustion chamber - an extended firebox, giving more room for complete combustion of burning gases. The standard M1/M1a boiler used a working pressure of . 38 locomotives were later converted into class M1b; the differences were all in the boiler, those being the addition of firebox circulators—large tubes carrying water passing through the firebox space, increasing water circulation and heating area, and thus steam generation—and an increase in boiler pressure to . The only externally visible difference was extra cleaning plugs in the firebox sides, for washing out the circulators. The M1b had greater tractive effort, thanks to the greater pressure, and more power at speed.
All were fitted with driving wheels, two cylinders, and cast-steel KW pattern trailing trucks, similar to those fitted to K4s Pacifics. M1 and M1a tractive effort was while that of the M1b was . Weight was . PRR standard small steel cabs were used. A spotting feature was a large cross-mounted air tank at the front of the locomotive above the pilot. There was a family resemblance with other PRR locomotives. After World War II, the M1 locomotives underwent similar front-end changes to those made to the K4s, including sheet steel drop-coupler pilots, the moving of the headlight to the smokebox top in front of the stack, the moving of the steam-driven generator to the smokebox front for easier maintenance, and the addition of a wide step above the air tank to service the air compressor.
A variety of tenders were fitted to M1 locomotives, of steadily-increasing size. During later years some hauled sixteen-wheel 210-F-75B tenders almost as long as the locomotives themselves. All were fitted with scoops to pick up water from track pans. On the rear tender decks, all were later fitted with "doghouses" for the head-end brakeman on freight trains, giving him a view backward over the train and placing him out of the way of the engineer and fireman. Many had railing-like trainphone antennas added during the 1940s.
As dieselization progressed, the M1 locomotives were assigned to heavier trains, while the diesels were assigned the high-speed freight trains that were previously the M1s' preserve. Their final years of service saw them hauling heavier trains than ever. Many remained in service until the withdrawal of steam from the PRR in mid-1957.
Preservation
One locomotive, M1b #6755, was saved from the scrapper's torch for the PRR's historical collection housed at Northumberland, Pennsylvania. It is now in the possession of the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, in Strasburg, PA. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 as Locomotive No. 6755.
The tender of M1 #6659, minus the engine, has also preserved and was purchased by the Pennsylvania Railroad T1 Steam Locomotive Trust in August, 2017. The tender will be restored for eventual use behind the new-build T1 class locomotive #5550.
See also
NYC Mohawk: The New York Central Railroad's equivalent of the M1, a dual mode 4-8-2 "Mountain" type steam locomotive.
References
Further reading
External links
Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania
Transportation in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Railway locomotives introduced in 1923
Baldwin locomotives
Lima locomotives
Steam locomotives of the United States
4-8-2 locomotives
M1
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States |
56859143 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20View%20Beach%20Railway | Grand View Beach Railway | The Grand View Beach Railway
was a scenic electric street railway along
the shore of Lake Ontario from the village
of Ontario Beach, a suburb of Rochester, to Manitou Beach.
Route
The railroad was long. For several miles
out of Ontario Beach the road ran along a bluff close to and overlooking the expanse
of Ontario and about above the level of the water.
From Rigney's Bluff westward to Manitou the track threaded a
sandy beach between the great lake and various little
bays and ponds.
Stops and sidings
0. Siding #1, Spitz Hotel, 160 Beach Ave.
1. Wilder Terr.
2. Hospital, Rear Summer Hospital for Children
3. Cloverdale Farm City line - Spur to water works - was siding #2
4. Little Pond
5. Rigney's Bluff (Shoremont)
6. Siding #3
7. Fehrenback's Lake View Hotel Adolph Grossmans Hotel at Round Pond Outlet Breakers
8. Island Cottage on left - Edgewater Hotel on Lakeshore (Louis Cook's)
9. Buck Pond
10. Crescent Beach-W.H. Lewis Prop. 1910 later Ray Gets Pass switch siding #4
11. Later passing switch, Lewis straight
12. Outlet - Long Pond, West end trestle
13. Long Pond, Grand View Beach Hotel - A. Kleinhans later Joe Rosenbach
14. Lowden Point Road
15. Siding Pass #5, Half Way
16.
17. Springwater Hotel
18.
19. Cranberry Pond
20. Siding #6
21. Braddocks Heights
22. E. Manitou
23. Elmheart Hotel
24. Passing track #7, Manitou Beach
Trestles and accommodation
Ontario Beach Park, Charlotte, Rochester, New York
Little Round Pond, Island Cottage
Round Pond, Edgewater Hotel
Buck Pond, Crescent Beach Hotel
Long Pond, Grand View Beach
Cranberry Pond, East Manitou Hotel
Braddocks Bay, Elmheart Hotel
Manitou, Odenbachs
Infrastructure
The railroad was of modern construction and
equipment. The track was 45-pound steel T rail. The
rolling stock consisted of 7 motor cars, five open and two
closed, and 7 open trail-cars, which could comfortably seat
60 to 70 persons. Rae motors of 40-horse-power
were used and the old reliable McGuire truck.
The power plant was located from the eastern terminus of the railroad.
It was equipped with two Thompson-Houston 8,000-Watt
generators, two engines of Mclntosh-Seymour and
three 100-horse-power boilers from the Pierce & Thomas
shops.
The car-barn, located near
the power house had storage capacity for 20 cars.
Accidents
While erecting the last trestle over the Braddock's Bay, a sudden storm arose, and two men working in the middle of the bay on the trestle were drowned before they could be reached by help.
Some derailments and accidents occurred: Twelve people were injured and one of them died, when a crowded car derailed near Charlotte in 1902 and plunged into a gully below. In 1904, four passengers were killed and nine were injured in a collision on the line.
History
The cars began running in June 1891, but the railroad was in
an unfinished condition until about August 1. To October
1st the total earnings were $17,976.08, operating expenses
$8,500.06, interest and taxes $4,010.34, surplus $4,465.14.
The total number of passengers carried was 150,000.
The initial officers of the company were:
H. H. Craig, president
M. Doyle, vice-president
J. Miller Kelly, secretary and treasurer
E. A. Roworth, superintendent
The line was subsequently operated by the Rochester, Charlotte & Manitou Beach Railroad (1895-1908) and the Rochester & Manitou Railroad (1908-1925).
The last car ran on the line in 1925.
Photos
Literature
William Reed Gordon: Manitou Beach trolley days, 1891-1925. Rochester, N.Y., 1957.
References
Lake Ontario
Transportation in Rochester, New York
Streetcars in New York (state)
Defunct New York (state) railroads
Railway companies established in 1891
Standard gauge railways in the United States |
369661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Dyson | James Dyson | Sir James Dyson (born 2 May 1947) is a British inventor, industrial designer, farmer, and business magnate who founded Dyson. He is best known as the inventor of the bagless vacuum cleaner, which works on the principle of cyclonic separation. According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2023, he is the fifth richest person in the UK, with an estimated net worth of £23 billion.
He served as the Provost of the Royal College of Art from August 2011 to July 2017, and opened a new university, the Dyson Institute of Engineering and Technology, on Dyson's Wiltshire campus in September 2017.
Early life and education
James Dyson was born 2 May 1947 in Cromer, Norfolk, one of the three children of Janet M. (née Bolton) and Alec William Dyson. He was named after his grandfather, James Dyson. He was educated at Gresham's School, an independent boarding school in Holt, Norfolk, from 1956 to 1965, when his father died of prostate cancer. He excelled at long-distance running: "I was quite good at it, not because I was physically good, but because I had more determination. I learnt determination from it."
He spent one year (1965–1966) at the Byam Shaw School of Art, and then studied furniture and interior design at the Royal College of Art (1966–1970) before moving into engineering. It was while attending the Royal College of Art to study fine art that Dyson made the switch to industrial design, due in part to the tutorage of the structural engineer Anthony Hunt.
Early inventions
Dyson helped design the Sea Truck in 1970 while studying at the Royal College of Art. His first original invention, the Ballbarrow, was a modified version of a wheelbarrow using a ball instead of a wheel. This was featured on the BBC's Tomorrow's World television programme. Dyson stuck with the idea of a ball, inventing the Trolleyball, a trolley that launched boats. He then designed the Wheelboat, which could travel at speeds of 64 kilometres per hour (40 mph) on both land and water.
Vacuum cleaners
In the late 1970s, Dyson had the idea of using cyclonic separation to create a vacuum cleaner that would not lose suction as it picked up dirt. He became frustrated with his Hoover Junior's diminishing performance: the dust bag pores kept becoming clogged with dust thus reducing suction. The cyclone idea came from a sawmill that used cyclone technology.
Partly supported by his wife's salary as an art teacher, and after five years and about 5,127 prototypes, Dyson launched the "G-Force" cleaner in 1983. However, no manufacturer or distributor would handle his product in the UK, as it would have disturbed the valuable market for replacement dust bags, so Dyson launched it in Japan through catalogue sales. Manufactured in bright pink, the G-Force sold for the equivalent of £2,000. It won the 1991 International Design Fair Prize in Japan. He filed a series of patents for his dual cyclone vacuum cleaner EP0037674 in 1980. After his invention was rejected by the major manufacturers, Dyson set up his own manufacturing company, Dyson Ltd. In June 1993, he opened a research centre and factory in Malmesbury, Wiltshire.
Dyson's slogan, "say goodbye to the bag", proved attractive to the buying public. The Dyson Dual Cyclone became the fastest-selling vacuum cleaner ever made in the UK and outsold those of some of the companies that rejected his idea, becoming one of the most popular brands in the UK. In early 2005, it was reported that Dyson cleaners had become the market leaders in the United States by value (though not by the number of units sold). Dyson licensed the technology in North America from 1986 to 2001 to Fantom Technologies, after which Dyson entered the market directly.
Following his success, other major manufacturers began to market their own cyclonic vacuum cleaners. In 1999, Dyson sued Hoover (UK) for patent infringement. The High Court ruled that Hoover had deliberately copied a fundamental part of his patented designs in making its Triple Vortex bagless vacuum cleaner range. Hoover agreed to pay damages of £4 million.
In mid-2014, Dyson personally appeared in Tokyo to introduce his "360 Eye" robotic vacuum cleaner. Dyson's initial entry into this market segment features 360° scanning and mapping for navigation, cyclonic dust separation, a custom-designed digital motor for high suction, tank treads for traction, a full-width brushroll bar, and user interface via a free iOS or Android app.
Interviewed by Fast Company (May 2007), Dyson asserted the importance of failure in one's life, "I made 5,127 prototypes of my vacuum before I got it right. There were 5,126 failures. But I learned from each one. That's how I came up with a solution. So I don't mind failure. I've always thought that schoolchildren should be marked by the number of failures they've had. The child who tries strange things and experiences lots of failures to get there is probably more creative."
Other inventions
In the year 2000, Dyson expanded his appliance range to include a washing machine called the ContraRotator which had two rotating drums moving in opposite directions. The range was decorated in the usual bright Dyson colours, rather than the traditional white or silver of most other machines of the time, although white versions came later in its run. It was not a commercial success and was discontinued in 2005.
In 2002, Dyson created a realisation of the optical illusions depicted in the lithographs of Dutch artist M. C. Escher. Engineer Derek Phillips was able to accomplish the task after a year of work, creating a water sculpture in which the water appears to flow up to the tops of four ramps arranged in a square, before cascading to the bottom of the next ramp. Called Wrong Garden, it was displayed at the Chelsea Flower Show in 2003. The illusion is accomplished with water containing air bubbles pumped through a chamber underneath the transparent glass ramps to a slit at the top from which the bulk of the water cascades down. This makes it appear that the water is flowing up, when really, a small amount of water diverted from the slit at the top flows back down the ramps in a thin layer.
In October 2006, Dyson launched the Dyson Airblade, a fast hand dryer that uses a thin sheet of moving air as a squeegee to remove water, rather than attempting to evaporate it with heat. This allows for faster drying, while using much less energy than traditional electrical hand dryers.
Another product, launched in October 2009, is a fan without external blades which he calls the Air Multiplier. Functions such as heating, air-purifying and humidifying were added later.
In April 2016, Dyson launched the Dyson Supersonic, a hair dryer with a smaller motor in the handle to provide better balance and smaller size, as well as quieter operation. Commenting on the launch, Vogue magazine said "as the first product to launch from Dyson's new UK state-of-the-art hair laboratory, we have high hopes for the future of our blow-dries."
Research and development
In 2017, Dyson spent £7 million a week on research and development of new products. The company is the UK's biggest investor in robotics and artificial intelligence research, employing over 3,500 engineers and scientists, and engaging in more than 40 university research programmes. Speaking to the Daily Telegraph, Dyson said, “We’re looking at more non-domestic products but we are not rushing to do lots of different things,” he said. “We are a private company so we can do it when we are ready.”
In November 2014, Dyson announced plans to invest a further £1.5 billion into the research and development of new technology, including funding for an expanded campus at the Dyson UK headquarters in Malmesbury which will create up to 3,000 jobs.
The then Prime Minister David Cameron, said: "Dyson is a great British success story and the expansion of the Malmesbury campus will create thousands of new jobs, providing a real boost to the local economy and financial security for more hardworking families. Investment on this scale shows confidence in our long-term economic plan to back business, create more jobs and secure a brighter future for Britain".
In March 2016, Dyson announced a second new multimillion-pound research and development centre on a former Ministry of Defence (MoD) site at Hullavington, Wiltshire. The company said it aimed to double its UK-based workforce in the next five or six years. Dyson said: "After 25 years of UK growth, and continuing expansion globally, we are fast outgrowing our Malmesbury Campus. To win on the world stage you have to develop new technology and develop great products and that's what we're doing here.".
In September 2017, Dyson announced plans to produce an electric vehicle, aiming to be launched in 2020, investing £2 billion of his own money. He assembled a team of more than 400 people for the project. According to reports, the vehicle was intended to be powered by a solid-state battery, Dyson having acquired the battery company Sakti3 in 2015. In October 2019, Dyson announced that the electric car project had been cancelled due to it not being commercially viable.
In 2017, he launched the Dyson Institute of Engineering and Technology.
Allegations of copyright infringement
Dyson has several times accused Chinese spies and students of copying technological and scientific secrets from the UK through the planting of software bugs and by infiltrating British industries, institutions, and universities after they left. He also complained that China benefits from stealing foreign designs, flouting of product copyrights, and a two-speed patent system that discriminates against foreign firms with unreasonably longer times.
Tax affairs
Dyson's tax affairs have been subject to considerable scrutiny in the British press across the political spectrum.
Lux Leaks
Dyson publicly stated in 2008, "I think it's wrong to direct your business for tax reasons. Your business should be where you can do it best". However, in 2009, his company Dyson Ltd incorporated a new parent company in Malta to create £300 million and £550 million in intercompany loans via Luxembourg and Isle of Man companies that increased tax-deductible interest payments in the UK between 2009 and 2012. The creation of the additional UK tax-deductible interest payments relied on deals with the Luxembourg tax authorities revealed in the 2014 Lux Leaks. The Dyson group stated to The Guardian in 2014: "At no time did the [group's former] non-UK structure deliver any significant tax advantage and, of the entities in question, all have been dissolved".
Estimated tax contributions
In the 2022 Tax List published by The Sunday Times in January 2022, Dyson and his family were listed as 11th of the UK's 50 biggest taxpayers. The newspaper estimated £101 million was contributed for the last full year on record. The IPPR think tank noted that only two of those listed in the 2021 Sunday Times Rich List – Dyson and the Weston family – were listed in that year's Tax List. In the previous three years, Dyson had featured at 6th, 4th and 3rd in the Sunday Times Tax List, with the newspaper estimating a total contribution of £345.8 million to the UK exchequer.
Europe
Pro-European Union
In 1998, Dyson was one of the chairmen and chief executives of 20 FTSE 100 companies who signed a statement published in The Financial Times calling on the government for early British membership of the Eurozone. He claimed that failure to join the euro would lead to the destruction of the British manufacturing base and said: "It does not mean that the jobs will go tomorrow but will drift abroad over a period and the longer-term future of Britain as a manufacturing nation will be blighted. Ministers had better understand that if we delay entry too long there may be nothing left to save."
Claiming that the strength of the pound was affecting his company's profits on exports to France and Germany, in February 2000 Dyson threatened to shift focus from his Malmesbury plant to a new plant set up in Malaysia because the government would not join the euro. He said: "We would expect to double in size in the next two years. We are talking about a £100 million investment and up to 2,000 jobs. I would like to make that investment in the UK. But it seems that is not going to be possible. The value of sterling means we are struggling to compete at home with cheap imports from Europe and the Far East. We do around £40 million worth of export business with France and Germany each year but we aren't making any money. If we joined the euro we would be on an even footing with our biggest trading partners." An editorial published in The Times responded: "Mr Dyson, a manufacturing version of Sir Richard Branson, likes complaining. Yesterday he was complaining that Britain's failure to join the euro and the resultant strong pound will force him to move abroad. Last week he blamed the price of land and planning delays in Wiltshire, but never mind. So where will he go? To Portugal, Italy or to an EU candidate such as Poland? No, Mr Dyson threatens to go to the Far East. Like so many entrepreneurs, he wants a cheap currency and low interest rates, but also low inflation, low wages, a flexible labour market and low regulation. He will not find them in the eurozone."
Dyson again threatened to shift production abroad in November 2000, saying: "It's suicidal for the UK not to join the euro. Why should we go on exporting at a loss? We're facing unfair competition." In February 2002, Dyson announced that production was being shifted to the Far East. In August 2003, the assembly of washing machines was also switched from Malmesbury to Malaysia.
Pro-Brexit
Dyson was one of the most prominent UK business leaders to publicly support Brexit before the referendum in June 2016. Since the referendum, Dyson has stated that Britain should leave the EU Single Market and that this would "liberate" the economy and allow Britain to strike its own trade deals around the world. During 2016, 19% of Dyson Ltd exports went to EU countries, compared with 81% to non-EU countries. In 2017, Dyson suggested that the UK should leave the EU without an interim deal and that "uncertainty is an opportunity". Previously, in 2014, Dyson had said he would be voting to leave the European Union to avoid being "dominated and bullied by the Germans". In November 2017, Dyson was critical of the UK government Brexit negotiations and said "we should just walk away and they will come to us". After it became public in January 2019 that Dyson's company was to move its headquarters from Malmesbury to Singapore, he was accused of hypocrisy regarding his campaign for Brexit.
European Court of Justice
In November 2015, Dyson lost its case against EU energy labelling laws in the European General Court; however, a subsequent appeal in the European Court of Justice said that the previous ruling had "distorted the facts" and "erred in law".
Libel case against Channel 4 and ITN
In 2022, Dyson sued Channel 4 and ITN over allegations of exploitation of workers at one of his suppliers’ factories. In the High Court, it was ruled that there was no personal defamation.
Philanthropy
Dyson set up the James Dyson Foundation in 2002 to support design and engineering education. It is a registered charity under English law and operates in the UK, US, and Japan. The foundation aims to inspire young people to study engineering and become engineers by encouraging students to think differently and to make mistakes. The foundation supports engineering education in schools and universities, as well as medical and scientific research in partnership with charities. It achieves this by funding resources such as the "Engineering Box", a box filled with activities for a school to use as a teaching aid.
In May 2014, the foundation announced an £8 million donation to create a technology hub at the University of Cambridge. The donation would also allow for a design and construction lab to be developed for undergraduate engineering students.
In March 2015, the foundation gave £12 million to Imperial College London to allow the purchase of a Post Office building in Exhibition Road from the Science Museum. Imperial College were to open the Dyson School of Design Engineering in this building, and teach a new four-year master's degree in design engineering.
Around 2021, the foundation gave £4million towards the construction of a £27 million hub for cancer services at the Royal United Hospital, Bath, to be called the Dyson Cancer Centre. This followed a £500,000 donation to the Dyson Centre for Neonatal Care at the same hospital, which opened in 2011.
The foundation supports the work of young designers through the James Dyson Award, an international design award that "celebrates, encourages and inspires the next generation of design engineers".
Dyson is also a trustee of The James and Deirdre Dyson Trust, a separate charity through which the couple make personal donations in various fields. In June 2019, the charity announced a donation of £18.75 million to Dyson's old school, Gresham's, for the building of a new science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) building. The Gresham's project was completed in 2021.
Honours and awards
In 1997 Dyson was awarded the Prince Philip Designers Prize.
Dyson was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1998 New Year Honours for services to industrial design.
In 2000, he received the Lord Lloyd of Kilgerran Award.
He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Bath in 2000.
In 2005 Dyson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng) and appointed a Royal Designer for Industry.
Dyson was appointed Knight Bachelor in the 2007 New Year Honours for services to business.
Dyson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2015.
Dyson was appointed to the Order of Merit (OM) in the 2016 New Year Honours for achievements in industrial design.
In 2017 Dyson was awarded IEEE Honorary Membership.
Dyson was provost of the Royal College of Art in London until 1 July 2017, having succeeded Sir Terence Conran in August 2011, and is patron of the Design & Technology Association.
He was chair of the board of trustees of the Design Museum, "the first in the world to showcase design of the manufactured object", until suddenly resigning in September 2004, saying the museum had "become a style showcase" instead of "upholding its mission to encourage serious design of the manufactured object".
Dyson was elected an international member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2019, for the development of advanced technologies and innovative products and contributions to design and engineering education.
Personal life
Dyson married Deirdre Hindmarsh in 1968. They have two sons and a daughter.
In 1999, he acquired Domaine des Rabelles, an estate and winery near Villecroze and Tourtour, Var, France. In 2003, Dyson paid £15 million for Dodington Park, a Georgian estate in South Gloucestershire close to Chipping Sodbury. He and his wife also own a house in Chelsea, London.
His vessel Nahlin is the largest British-flagged and -owned super yacht with an overall length of , and was ranked 36th in a 2013 survey of the world's 100 biggest yachts. He also owns two Gulfstream G650ER private jets registered G-VIOF and G-GSVI. He previously owned an older Gulfstream G650, registered G-ULFS and currently owns a AgustaWestland AW-139 helicopter.
In July 2019, Dyson spent £43 million on a triplex flat at the top of the Guoco Tower, the tallest building in Singapore. He sold the flat in October 2020 for £36 million, and in April 2021 it was reported that he had moved his place of residence back to the UK. Dyson has also invested heavily into buying agriculture lands across Lincolnshire, Oxfordshire, and Gloucestershire.
Dyson is the beneficial owner of Weybourne Holdings Pte, a Singapore-based business that owns 31 UK properties, worth at least £287 million.
Publications
Dyson's publications include two autobiographies:
Against the Odds: An Autobiography (1997)
Invention: A Life (2021)
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
People from Cromer
People educated at Gresham's School
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Alumni of the Byam Shaw School of Art
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
Members of the Order of Merit
English inventors
Product designers
English industrial designers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
20th-century British businesspeople
21st-century British businesspeople
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
English philanthropists
British Eurosceptics
21st-century English farmers
21st-century English landowners
Founders of academic institutions
English billionaires
Compasso d'Oro Award recipients |
8749973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination%20drug | Combination drug | A combination drug or a fixed-dose combination (FDC) is a medicine that includes two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form. Terms like "combination drug" or "combination drug product" can be common shorthand for an FDC product (since most combination drug products are currently FDCs), although the latter is more precise if in fact referring to a mass-produced product having a predetermined combination of drugs and respective dosages (as opposed to customized polypharmacy via compounding). And it should also be distinguished from the term "combination product" in medical contexts, which without further specification can refer to products that combine different types of medical products—such as device/drug combinations as opposed to drug/drug combinations. When a combination drug product (whether fixed-dose or not) is a "pill" (i.e., a tablet or capsule), then it may also be a kind of "polypill" or combopill.
Initially, fixed-dose combination drug products were developed to target a single disease (such as with antiretroviral FDCs used against AIDS). However, FDCs may also target multiple diseases/conditions. In cases of FDCs targeting multiple conditions, such conditions might often be related—in order to increase the number of prospective patients who might be likely to use a given FDC product. This is because each FDC product is mass-produced, and thus typically requires having a critical mass of potentially applicable patients in order to justify its manufacture, distribution, stocking, etc.
Common combination drugs
Over-the-counter medicines:
Dimenhydrinate (8-chlorotheophylline/diphenhydramine) — used to treat motion sickness and nausea
Glucose/fructose/phosphoric acid — antiemetic taken to relieve nausea and vomiting
Prescription drugs:
Adderall (dextroamphetamine sulfate/amphetamine sulfate/dextroamphetamine saccharate/amphetamine aspartate monohydrate) — treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.
Aspirin/paracetamol/caffeine — pain treatment, especially tension headache and migraine
Caffeine/ergotamine — treatment of headaches, such as migraine headache.
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) — granted emergency use authorization (EUA) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment and management of COVID-19.
Advantages
In addition to simply being a means of facilitating the general advantages of combination therapy, specific advantages of fixed-dose combination (FDC) drug products include:
Improved medication compliance by reducing the pill burden of patients. Pill burden is not only the number of pills needing to be taken, but also the associated burdens such as keeping track of several medications, understanding their various instructions, etc.
Ability to compose combined profiles of for example pharmacokinetics, effects and adverse effects that may be specific for the relative dosages in a given FDC product, providing a simpler overview compared to when looking at the profiles of each single drug individually. Such combined profiles can also include effects caused by interaction between the individual drugs that may be omitted in individual drug profiles.
Since FDCs are reviewed by regulating agencies (such as the Food and Drug Administration in the United States), the active ingredients used in the FDCs are unlikely to exhibit adverse drug interactions with each other. However, FDCs may interact with other drugs that a patient is taking, so the usual medical and pharmaceutical precautions against drug-drug interactions or DDIs remain warranted.
FDC drug products may be developed by a pharmaceutical company as a way to in effect extend proprietary rights and marketability of a drug product. Since FDCs may be protected by patents, a company may obtain exclusive rights to sell a particular FDC or formulation thereof, even though the individual active ingredients and many therapeutic uses thereof may be off-patent.
Disadvantages
There may not be an FDC available with the appropriate drugs and/or in the most appropriate respective strength(s) for a given patient, which can lead to some patients getting too much of an ingredient and others getting too little, as the AAO notes that FDCs "limit clinicians' ability to customize dosing regimens." In such cases an alternative possibility (instead of an FDC) is to use custom-compounded polypills prepared by a compounding pharmacist according to a prescription. (Pharmaceutical compounding is the practice of preparing individualized drug products for individual patients, which can aid with polypharmacy.)
If an adverse drug reaction occurs from using an FDC, it may be difficult to identify the active ingredient responsible for causing the reaction. This problem might be alleviated by starting the medications individually and monitoring for reactions, and then switching to an FDC when no problems have been observed (assuming of course that it's the active ingredient causing the problem).
Formulation scientists experience challenges in the development stages of multi-drug formulations such as compatibility issues among active ingredients and excipients affecting solubility and dissolution
If one drug is contraindicated for a patient, whole FDC cannot be prescribed.
References
External links
Dosage forms
fi:Yhdistelmälääkkeet |
8552195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Gamenario | Battle of Gamenario | The Battle of Gamenario, fought on 22 April 1345, was a decisive battle of the wars between the Guelphs (represented by the Angevins) and Ghibellines (Lombard communes). It took place in north-west Italy in what is now part of the commune of Santena about 15 km southeast of Turin.
In the spring of 1344 Queen Joan I of Naples sent royal seneschal Reforce (Reforza or Rinforzato) d'Agoult to northern Italy in hopes of putting an end to the war with John II, Marquess of Montferrat, who had also obtained the title of governor of the rich commune of Asti (1339) after expelling the Solaro family. The latter had subjugated Mondovì, Cherasco, and Savigliano, ousted the Falletti from Alba, and later moved against Chieri, a stronghold of the Angevine possessions in Piedmont.
Reforza conquered Verzuolo May 1344. In the following year he took Alba and besieged Gamenario, a castle in the neighbourhood of Santena. Lombard Ghibellines formed an anti-Angevin alliance, choosing John II as their leader. On 22 April, he confronted Reforza d'Agoult and battle was joined. The meeting was brief and bloody. Initially uncertain, the outcome was a victory for the Ghibellines, who recovered the besieged fortress and dealt a severe blow to Angevin influence in Piedmont. To celebrate his victory, John built a new church in Asti in honour of Saint George, near whose feast day the battle was won.
In the aftermath, Piedmont was partitioned between the victors. John received Alba, Acqui Terme, Ivrea, and Valenza. Luchino Visconti received Alessandria and the House of Savoy (related to the Palaiologos of Montferrat) received Chieri. The Angevins lost almost complete control of the region and many formerly French cities declared themselves independent.
The defeat of the Angevins was also a defeat for Angevin-supported Manfred V of Saluzzo and the civil war in that margraviate was ended at Gamenario.
References
Sources
Storia del Monferrato.
Giuseppe Cerrato: "In Atti della Società ligure di storia patria" — S. 2, vol. 17 (1885), p. 382–542
Studi Piemontesi: VII (1978), 2, pp. 341–51
1345 in Europe
1340s in the Holy Roman Empire
14th century in Italy
Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines
Battles involving the Kingdom of Naples
Battles involving Savoy
Battles involving the Duchy of Milan
Gamenario
Conflicts in 1345
Astigiani Wars
March of Montferrat
Santena |
26056083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert%20Domnik | Norbert Domnik | Norbert Domnik (born 30 July 1964) is an athlete from Austria, who competes in triathlon.
Domnik competed at the second Olympic triathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics. He placed thirty-seventh with a total time of 1:59:13.25.
References
1964 births
Austrian male triathletes
Living people
Triathletes at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic triathletes for Austria
Duathletes |
37983251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorinobu | Yorinobu | Yorinobu is a masculine Japanese given name.
Possible writings
Yorinobu can be written using many different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:
頼信, "rely, believe"
頼伸, "rely, extend"
頼延, "rely, extend"
頼宣, "rely, announce"
依信, "to depend on, believe"
依伸, "to depend on, extend"
依延, "to depend on, extend"
依宣, "to depend on, announce"
The name can also be written in hiragana よりのぶ or katakana ヨリノブ.
Notable people with the name
, Japanese samurai
, Japanese daimyō
Japanese masculine given names
Masculine given names |
43165367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macarena%20Gelman | Macarena Gelman | María Macarena Gelman García (born 1 November 1976, in Montevideo) is an Uruguayan activist and politician.
Biography
Born in captivity to an Argentine mother, María Claudia García Irureta Goyena, her father was Marcelo Ariel Gelman Schuberoff, son of Argentine poet Juan Gelman. Her parents were kidnapped during the Argentine military junta, and María Claudia was moved to Uruguay under Operation Cóndor; while there, she was held at the clandestine detention center Centro de detención del Servicio de Información de Defensa, ultimately being moved to the Hospital Militar upon the birth of her baby.
Macarena was placed for adoption to a Uruguayan family. Her biological parents were murdered. Her father's remains were found in Argentina in 1990; as of 2021, her mother's remains have not been located.
Macarena studied at The Universidad de la República, first in the Faculty of Science, and later in the Faculty of Chemistry.
The search for Macarena
On December 23, 1998, Juan Gelman published "An open letter to my grandchild" in the weekly newspaper Brecha. The text, written in 1995, detailed his feelings for his granddaughter, whom he had not yet found, along with the story of her parents. This letter was part of a long time public effort on Gelman's part to find his grandchild; this search gained notoriety in the exchange of open letters between Gelman and former Uruguayan president Julio María Sanguinetti. Gelman asked for the at the time President's help in the investigation, while Sanguinetti denied that the "stealing of babies" ever took place in Uruguay. Sanguinetti began then receiving letters from various people around the world, including renowned authors and several Nobel Prize winners.
Under such public pressure, in 2000, Sanguinetti's successor, President Jorge Batlle ordered two parallel investigations, which arrived at the same conclusions reached by Gelman in an independent investigation. Thus, Macarena recovered her identity.
After this discovery, Macarena changed her surnames to those of her biological parents (Gelman García). She pursued a career in social activism with a particular focus in human rights violations during the Dirty War, and the recovery of identity of those who suspect familial relation to disappeared people.
In March 2014, Gelman took the decision to take part in politics and endorsed the presidential candidacy of Constanza Moreira. At the same time, she declared her own candidacy to the Uruguayan Parliament for the Broad Front in the October elections.
References
External links
1976 births
Politicians from Montevideo
Uruguayan activists
Uruguayan women activists
Uruguayan Jews
Uruguayan people of Argentine descent
Uruguayan people of Basque descent
Uruguayan people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Jewish Uruguayan politicians
Living people
21st-century Uruguayan women politicians
21st-century Uruguayan politicians
Children of people disappeared during Dirty War
University of the Republic (Uruguay) alumni
Jewish women activists |
68018466 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%20African%20Judo%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%2052%20kg | 2021 African Judo Championships – Women's 52 kg | The women's 52 kg competition in at the 2021 African Judo Championships was held on 20 May at the Dakar Arena in Dakar, Senegal.
Results
Main Round
Repechage
References
External links
W52
Africa
African W52 |
45230051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck%20Cove%20School | Duck Cove School | The Duck Cove School is a historic former school building at 429 Maine State Route 46 (south of junction with Duck Cove Road) in Bucksport, Maine. Built in 1895, this wood frame one-room schoolhouse served as a school until 1943, and been owned by a local community organization since. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.
Description and history
The schoolhouse is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a side gable roof, weatherboard and shingle siding, and a foundation of stone piers. Atypically for Maine schoolhouses of the 19th century, it has an engaged porch and vestibule on the front (northwest) facade. The porch is supported by turned posts with braces. The northeast gable is finished in shingles, and there is a truss-shaped Stick style gable ornament in the peak. The interior is finished with vertical board wainscoting, original blackboards, and a 1927 pressed metal roof.
The town of Bucksport had eighteen school districts at its height in 1859. Over the course of the second half of the 19th century it experienced a significant decline in population, resulting in the closure and consolidation of many schools. This school was built in 1895 to replace a dilapidated older structure, after long public debate over whether to consolidate further rather than build a new building. The building served the town until 1943. It was transferred to the Duck Cove Community Club, which has maintained it and used it has a clubhouse since then.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hancock County, Maine
References
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Victorian architecture in Maine
School buildings completed in 1895
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places
Buildings and structures in Bucksport, Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Hancock County, Maine |
2756660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Light/Violet%20Sauce | White Light/Violet Sauce | "White Light / Violet Sauce" is Namie Amuro's 29th solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was her first single since the release of her smash hit album Queen of Hip-Pop (2005). Unlike her two previous singles, "White Light / Violet Sauce" was released in one format. An altered version of "Violet Sauce" called "Violet Sauce (Spicy)" is featured on the album "Play". The other A-side, "White Light" was included in her compilation album "Best Fiction".
Overview
The song "Violet Sauce" was first announced in early September when news broke out that it would be used as the theme to the Japanese release of the American motion picture adaptation of Sin City. The song features a cameo from Sin City director, Robert Rodriguez, who can be heard saying "Welcome to Sin City" in a distorted voice. It also features a collaboration with Tomoyasu Takeuchi of Super Butter Dog & Maboroshi who plays guitar on the song. On September 30, "Violet Sauce" was unveiled online in commercials and in full on the music service, ONget.
Her management company, Vision Factory, officially announced that the single would be a double a-side single on their official website on October 7, 2005. The other a-side, "White Light" is her first ballad single since 2004's "All for You." Various online music retailers have described the song as having a Christmas theme. A b-side to the single entitled, "Nobody" was to be included but was shelved. The song was said to be a sequel to "White Light." It was reported in early 2007 that "Nobody" would be the b-side on her first single in 2007, Baby Don't Cry.
Commercial endorsements
"Violet Sauce" is the image song to the movie, Sin City. Amuro approached GaGa productions who were distributing the film in Japan to do the theme song. The production company felt that her image and music fit the film and agreed to allow her to contribute to the film. The song is currently being used in Sin City adverts online and on television. It was later used to promote the live DVD "Namie Amuro Best Tour "Live Style 2006"".
"White Light" was used in Dwango Iromelo Mix commercials. Dwango is a ringtone service.
Track listing
"White Light"
"Violet Sauce"
"Violet Sauce" (Anotha Recipe)
"White Light" (Instrumental)
"Violet Sauce" (Instrumental)
Digital Download
"White Light"
"Violet Sauce"
"Violet Sauce" (Anotha Recipe)
Personnel
Namie Amuro – vocals
Tomoyasu Takeuchi – guitar
Production
Producers – Nao'ymt
Mixing – Tsutomu Toyama & D.O.I.
Art Direction – Ryuichi Shirota (See also Shirota)
Design – Ryuichi Shirota & Katsunori Ishibashi
Photographer – Shoji Uchida
Stylists – Keiko Miyazawa & Mihoko Tanaka
Hair & Make-Up – Akemi Nakano & Eriko Ishida
TV performances
November 7, 2005 – Hey! Hey! Hey!
November 17, 2005 – Utaban
November 18, 2005 – Music Fighter
November 19, 2005 – CDTV
November 25, 2005 – Music Station
November 30, 2005 – 1 Oku 3000 Banjin ga Erabu! Best Artist 2005
December 23, 2005 – Music Station Super Live
Charts
Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)
RIAJ certification
"White Light / Violet Sauce" has been certified gold for shipments of over 100,000 by the Recording Industry Association of Japan.
References
Namie Amuro songs
2005 singles
Avex Trax singles
2005 songs |
3155954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquesta%20de%20Baja%20California | Orquesta de Baja California | Orquesta de Baja California (in English Baja California Orchestra) is an orchestra based in the Mexican state of Baja California.
The ensemble is a chamber orchestra of variable size, composed of about 17 to 40 musicians, and conducted by Maestro Angel Romero and Armando Pesquiera. As of mid-2006, Maestro Romero is no longer Music Director of the OBC, and was succeeded as Music Director by Maestro Ivan del Prado who is also Music Director of the Orquesta Sinfonica National de Cuba. The orchestra players are primarily from Latin America, but there are also several regular orchestra members from the former Soviet Bloc, as well as extra players when necessary, from the USA. In April 2005, it toured under Maestro Romero's direction with American musician Sean Bradley and some other American orchestra players to perform at Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center in New York.
In 2001, the OBC was nominated for a Latin Grammy in the category of "Best Classical Album" with the album “Tango mata Danzón mata Tango”/”Tango kills Danzon kills Tango” and in 2003 he accompanied the Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti during the concert broadcast internationally from the desert of the Laguna Salada.
On April 21 2004, the "Cultural Ambassador of the State of Baja California" designated the Orchestra in session of the State Congress, and on October 6 of that same year, it offered the inaugural concert of the XXXII Edition of the Cervantino International Festival at the Juárez Theater in the city of Guanajuato.
OBC's various tours have taken it to perform in many stages in Mexico and United States. Some of these spaces are important theaters such as the Lincoln Center in New York, the Nezahualcóyotl’s Sala and the Palacio de Bellas Artes/Bellas Artes Palace.
Within his productions he has shared the stage with great artists from other musical genres such as: Nortec, Bostich & Fussible (2010), Jesusa Rodríguez (2011), Regina Orozco (2012), Mariachi Vargas de Tecatitlán (2015), and Celso Piña ( 2015, 2016 and 2017).
After twenty-five years of existence, for the first time someone from Tijuana directs the OBC. In July 2016, Maestro Armando Pesqueira was appointed as Artistic and Musical Director of the Baja California Orchestra.
In September 2017, the OBC offered two concerts, at the Gran Teatro Nacional and the Convent of Santo Domingo in Lima, Peru as the central event of the Embassy of Mexico in Peru.
External links
Baja California Orchestra performs concert (in Ensenada), article at the Gringo Gazette North
Baja California orchestra to play (in San Diego, California) article at the San Diego Union Tribune
Mexican orchestras
Baja California |
1483717 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistani | Sistani | Sistani may refer to:
Sistan, a historical and geographical region in eastern Iran
Sistani Persian people, who mainly inhabit Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan
Sistani Language
Sistani (surname)
Sistani Mahalleh, a village in Iran
Tolombeh-ye Habib Sistani, a village in Iran
Vahdapar va Arbandi Sistani, a village in Iran |
63756494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wye%20Valley%2C%20Derbyshire | Wye Valley, Derbyshire | The Wye Valley is the limestone valley of the River Wye in the White Peak of Derbyshire, England. The source of the River Wye is west of Buxton on Axe Edge Moor. One main channel runs underground through Poole's Cavern. The river flows though Buxton Pavilion Gardens and then along a culvert under the town centre. After leaving the flat area of central Buxton, the Wye Valley becomes distinct as a gorge running east for before the valley broadens at Ashford-in-the Water.
The A6 road from Buxton to Bakewell follows the Wye Valley for most of its path. The Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midland Junction Railway used to run through the valley. It was built to link Manchester through the Peak District to London and operated from the 1860s to 1968.
Geology
The White Peak area of the Peak District is named after the limestone plateau landscape of the 'Derbyshire Dome' anticline. The plateau is generally between above sea level. The Carboniferous limestone rocks of all the dales in the White Peak were formed 350 million years ago from the shells and sediments of a tropical sea. These deposits were compressed into rocks which over time were uplifted and folded into a dome. Erosion of the younger sandstones exposed the limestone strata below. The landscape of dales was then sculpted by the melt water from the last Ice Age 20,000 years ago.
Dales
Beyond Buxton the Wye Valley is known as a series of dales, which are gorges with numerous side valley gorges.
Ashwood Dale
After leaving Ashwood Park (in Mill Dale) in Buxton, the river enters the steep-sided Ashwood Dale. Here Joseph Mallard William Turner sketched Lovers' Leap and its waterfall in about 1831. The story of Lovers' Leap is that an eloping couple managed to leap across the chasm on horseback on their way to get married at Peak Forest church, evading their pursuing parents. The narrow dry gorge of Cunning Dale joins from the north. The short steep Cow Dale and Kidtor Dale are next to each other on the opposite side to Cunning Dale. The remains of Cowdale quarry's 19th-century buildings and lime kilns are high up on the south slope. The site is a Scheduled Monument.
Wye Dale
The dry valley of Woo Dale joins Wye Dale from the north. 'Woo Dale Limestone' is quarried at Tarmac's Tunstead Quarry (the largest limestone quarry in the UK) between Woo Dale and Great Rocks Dale. Topley Pike limestone quarry is on the south side of the Wye Valley opposite Woo Dale and close to the hamlet of King Sterndale. Deep Dale also joins the main valley from the south. Thirst House Cave in Deep Dale is long and in the late 19th-century a bear's skull and Roman artefacts were discovered there. The Peak District Boundary Walk route comes down Deep Dale and along Wye Dale before heading north at Chee Dale.
Chee Dale
The Monsal Trail bridleway runs for from Topley Pike Junction (at the head of Chee Dale) past Bakewell to Rowsley, along the disused Midland Railway line. It passes through Upper Chee Dale and then enters the two tunnels through Chee Tor hill to Miller's Dale. 'Chee Tor Limestone' is a bed of particularly fine limestone. The crags of carboniferous limestone in Upper Chee Dale and of Chee Tor cliff in Lower Chee Dale have extensive rock climbing routes. Flag Dale joins the valley from the north at Chee Tor. The village of Wormhill is nearby on the north side of the valley. Blackwell Dale is on the south side before Miller's Dale.
Miller's Dale
Miller's Dale's main landmarks are the twin railway viaducts, built in 1866 and 1905 to carry four lines. Millers Dale railway station was once a large and busy goods and passenger station. It is now a main visitor centre for the Monsal Trail. Monk's Dale (named after the monastic grange set up there by Lenton Priory) on the north side is a secluded steep valley. The Limestone Way footpath crosses Miller's Dale and runs up and parallel to Monk's Dale. Tideswell Dale is further downstream on the north side. Ravenstor cliff at the foot of Tideswell Dale is popular with rock climbers. Beyond Tideswell Dale is Litton Mill, a cotton spinning mill dating back to 1782 and notorious for its harsh child labour conditions. The Wye Valley is known as Water-cum-Jolly Dale where Cressbrook Dale joins it from the north. Another cotton mill Cressbrook Mill was built in 1815 and dominates the view by the river. The Wye Valley then becomes Upperdale with Hay Dale on the north side before the river reaches Monsal Head.
Monsal Dale
The Monsal Trail passes over the Monsal Headstone viaduct which was built in 1863 by the Midland Railway over the River Wye. It is long and up to high. Fin Cop hill overlooks Monsal Dale and its Iron Age hillfort is a Scheduled Monument. The A6 road runs down Taddington Dale to follow the riverside again, where Deep Dale converges with the valley on the south side. Kirk Dale lies on the south side at Ashford-in-the-Water.
Beyond Ashford-in-the-Water the valley broadens and the River Wye flows into the River Derwent past Bakewell at Rowsley.
Nature
The Wye Valley Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) runs for over east of Buxton. It covers Cunning Dale, Woo Dale, Wye Dale, Chee Dale, Tideswell Dale, Monsal Dale and Taddington Wood. These dales contain ancient ash and wych elm woodland, with areas of yew and rock whitebeam trees. The valley is habitat for an abundance of wildflowers. Dippers are often seen darting low above the river and bobbing on rocks in the river.
Deep Dale and Topley Pike is a protected nature reserve (looked after by the Derbyshire Wildlife Trust) and is also a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
Chee Dale, Miller's Dale quarry and Priestcliffe Lees in Miller's Dale are protected nature reserves, which are overseen by the Derbyshire Wildlife Trust.
Monk's Dale and Cressbrook Dale are part of the Derbyshire Dales National Nature Reserve managed by Natural England. Monk's Dale and Cressbook Dale are also each a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). They are especially important for the lichens growing on the limestone outcrops.
References
Valleys of the Peak District
Valleys of Derbyshire
Derbyshire Dales
Buxton
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Derbyshire |
7188211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise%20Lost%20%28Symphony%20X%20album%29 | Paradise Lost (Symphony X album) | Paradise Lost is the seventh studio album by progressive metal band Symphony X, released on June 26, 2007 through Inside Out Music. It is a concept album loosely inspired by John Milton's 1667 epic poem Paradise Lost. The album was the band's first to chart on the U.S. Billboard 200, reaching No. 123 and remaining on that chart for a week, as well as reaching No. 1 on Billboards Heatseekers and the top 100 in five other countries.
Overview
Style
The album's release had been delayed numerous times since the announcement on November 16, 2005 that the band was going to "start pulling it all together". In a fan club chat on March 18, 2006, guitarist and main songwriter Michael Romeo said that the album will be "a bit darker—the direction is still the same—for the most part", and went on to say that "the classical stuff was getting to a point where we need to evolve the music a bit. There is still a lot of classic influence in there—not as obvious as '[Out of the] Ashes', say". He went on to suggest that there may be a song or songs on the album themed around the works of H. P. Lovecraft, and that there would be "A big tune on here ... Paradise Lost is the theme as of now", lending rumor to the title of the album.
In August 2006, some preliminary cover art was leaked on the internet, confirming suspicions that the title of the album would be the same as the song "Paradise Lost". This leaked album art, which was initially categorized by the band as only "preliminary" artwork, was later revealed to be the official artwork, with the full panorama (including the back cover) being made available on the official Symphony X website on May 12, 2007.
Release
At one point it was announced that the album would be released in late 2006, but the date was pushed back several times before its final release date of June 26, 2007. On May 12, 2007, "Serpent's Kiss" was made available on the band's Myspace profile. MP3 samples of other tracks from the album were also made available on German record label SPV's website. In addition to the standard jewel case edition, the album was released in two other formats: a special edition with Digipak packaging, which includes a DVD containing 5.1 audio and music videos for "Serpent's Kiss" and "Set the World on Fire"; secondly, a limited edition including a DVD of footage shot by the band throughout its history (a first for the band), available exclusively in f.y.e. stores. When pre-ordered at Newbury Comics, the first 500 copies received a signed CD booklet.
Track listing
Personnel
Russell Allen – vocals
Michael Romeo – guitar, orchestral keyboard
Michael Pinnella – keyboard
Jason Rullo – drums
Michael LePond – bassTechnical personnel'
Michael Romeo – programming, engineering, production
Jens Bogren – mixing
Thomas Eberger – mastering
Warren Flanagan – artwork
Chart performance
References
External links
Paradise Lost at symphonyx.com
In Review: Symphony X "Paradise Lost" at Guitar Nine Records
Symphony X albums
2007 albums
Inside Out Music albums
Concept albums |
54905561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldev%20Singh%20Aulakh | Baldev Singh Aulakh | Baldev Singh Aulakh (born 10 June 1964) is an Indian politician from the state of Uttar Pradesh. He currently represents the Bilaspur constituency in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly as a Leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Political career
Aulakh participated in youth politics while studying in Kumaun University. In 1998, he joined the Bharatiya Janata Party after meeting Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi. He won from the Bilaspur constituency in the 2017 Assembly election by defeating Indian National Congress' Sanjay Kapoor.
Posts held
References
Living people
1964 births
Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2017–2022
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027
Kumaun University alumni |
44950197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lraber | Lraber | Lraber (, "Messenger") was an Armenian language weekly newspaper published in Astrakhan, Russian Empire 1908-1909. K. Khachaturian was the editor and publisher of the newspaper.
References
Armenian-language newspapers
Newspapers established in 1908
Publications disestablished in 1909
Defunct newspapers published in Russia
Newspapers published in Russia |
65611415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossining%20Union%20Free%20School%20District | Ossining Union Free School District | Ossining Union Free School District is a school district headquartered in the Village of Ossining, Town of Ossining, New York.
The district includes sections of the towns of Ossining and New Castle. Included within the portions of the school district in Ossining Town are Ossining Village and a section of Briarcliff Manor. About 28% of Briarcliff Manor is in the Ossining District, including Chilmark.
Ray Sanchez is the superintendent: that year he won the "Superintendent to Watch" award.
History
In 2017, after the development Snowden Woods was proposed by a developer, Sanchez stated that it would bring more students which would increase overcrowding in district schools.
Schools
Secondary
Ossining High School
Anne M. Dorner Middle School
Elementary
Claremont
Brookside
Roosevelt
Preschool
Park Early Childhood Center
References
Further reading
- Written by Robin Kuhl of Ossining
External links
Ossining Union Free School District
School districts in Westchester County, New York |
43393278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladies%27%20Death%20and%20Derby%20Society | Ladies' Death and Derby Society | Ladies' Death and Derby Society (LDDS) is a women's flat-track roller derby league in Madison County, NY. Founded in 2012, the league had their first home bout in August 2013 and began their first full bouting season in 2014.
The league has one team, the TitleTown KnockOuts, that competes against B-level teams across the Northeast.
Roller derby leagues in New York (state)
Madison County, New York
Oneida, New York
2012 establishments in New York (state)
Roller derby leagues established in 2012 |
51539196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho1%20Eridani | Rho1 Eridani | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Rho1 Eridani}}
Rho1 Eridani (Rho1 Eri, ρ1 Eri), is a star located in the constellation Eridanus. It forms an asterism with the stars Rho2 and Rho3 Eridani, south of Cetus, in the upper north east portion of Eridanus. The star has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.75, which indicates it is faintly visible to the naked eye on a clear, dark night. Based upon parallax measurements made with the Hipparcos satellite, this star is roughly 320 light years away from the Sun. Judging from changes to its proper motion, there is a chance that this is an astrometric binary.
This is an evolved K-type giant star with a stellar classification of K0 III. It is a red clump giant on the horizontal branch of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, indicating that is it now generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of helium at its core. The star has more than twice the mass of the Sun and has expanded to 10 times the Sun's radius. As such, it is radiating nearly 47 times the solar luminosity from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of 4,710 K.
References
K-type giants
Horizontal-branch stars
Astrometric binaries
Eridanus (constellation)
Eridani, Rho1
Durchmusterung objects
Eridani, 08
018784
014060
0907 |
31218680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaman%20%28term%29 | Gaman (term) | is a Japanese term of Zen Buddhist origin which means "enduring the seemingly unbearable with patience and dignity". The term is generally translated as "perseverance", "patience", or "tolerance". A related term, , a compound with tsuyoi (strong), means "suffering the unbearable" or having a high capacity for a kind of stoic endurance.
Gaman is variously described as a "virtue", an "ethos", a "trait", etc. It means to do one's best in distressed times and to maintain self-control and discipline.
Gaman is a teaching of Zen Buddhism.
Analysis
Gaman has been attributed to the Japanese-Americans and others held in the American internment camps during World War II and to those affected by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in northern Japan. In the internment camps, gaman was misperceived by the non-Japanese as introverted behavior or as a lack of assertiveness or initiative, rather than as a demonstration of strength in the face of difficulty or suffering. Gaman and the related term yase-gaman are, in Japanese society, closely related to complying with conformity and silent heroism, which seems to be hidden pride for compensation for sacrifice and being satisfied to pay reciprocal service in advance or to being seen themselves as victims by folks. Gaman toward authority, 'unquestioning obedience' or 'blind obedience' is supposed to be unfit to a healthy democracy.
The mentality of gaman seems to be derived from the strong conviction of Japanese way
of fatalism, which was reinforced by Buddhism mujo, impermanence,nihilism, tradition of self destruction, the collective nature of its society, and the forced attitudes of resignation and submission under the Edo feudal period. Those world-views were depicted in The Tale of the Heike, the works of Yoshida Kenkou, Kamo no Chomei. The sequence of events of Japanese fatalism seems to be explained as dormant, ceaseless accumulation of self-righteousness, which is justified by accusing other's faults rarely explicitly, mainly in their thought, and sudden manifestation of aggression if suppression (gaman) fails.
After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, the resilience, civility, lack of looting and ability of the Japanese to help one another was widely attributed to the gaman spirit. The 50 to 70 heroes who remained at the damaged and radiation-emitting Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant despite the severe danger demonstrated what was regarded as gaman as well.
Gaman is also used in psychoanalytic studies and to describe the attitudes of the Japanese. It is often taught to youth and is largely used by older Japanese generations. Showing gaman is seen as a sign of maturity and strength. Keeping private affairs, problems and complaints silent demonstrates strength and politeness as others have seemingly larger problems as well. If a person with gaman received help from someone else, they would be compliant, not ask for any additional help, and voice no concerns.
See also
Ganbaru
Hirohito surrender broadcast
Sisu
Stiff upper lip
Shikata ga nai
Yamato-damashii
Honne and tatemae
Notes
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps, 1942-1946 at Smithsonian Institution
The Art of Gaman at the University Art Museum, Tokyo University of the Arts
尊厳の藝術展 (The Art of Gaman) at NHK.or.jp (in Japanese; archived)
Gaman at American Chamber of Commerce in Japan (ACCJ) (archived)
Japanese words and phrases
Japanese culture
Zen Buddhist philosophical concepts
Words and phrases describing personality |
2810788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular%20Mechanics%20for%20Kids | Popular Mechanics for Kids | Popular Mechanics for Kids (sometimes abbreviated to PMK) is a Canadian educational television program based on Popular Mechanics magazine. The program aired on Global TV from 1997 until 2000. It was notable for starting the careers of Elisha Cuthbert, Jay Baruchel, Tyler Kyte, and Vanessa Lengies. Along with Elisha Cuthbert and Jay Baruchel, the original cast included Charles Powell, nicknamed "Charlie" for the program. Beginning in season 2, Tyler Kyte joins the cast of the program, and in season 3, Vanessa Lengies joins the program.
Overview
The program starts off with an overview of the episode. The hosts (Elisha, Jay, Tyler, and later Vanessa) then start their adventures on the show (amusement park, snowboarding, surfing, visiting a science museum, etc.) Throughout the adventures, short, educational segments are shown. The program's intent was to teach viewers how things work.
In the segment "Charlie's Experiment / Tip", host Charlie, and sometimes the other hosts, demonstrate an experiment. He sometimes answers frequently asked questions about related science topics. At the start of season 3, one of the hosts (normally Vanessa) would go on a third adventure. The show then comes to a close, with the co-hosts saying "See you next week!".
There have been four VHS videos called "How Do They Build?", hosted by a boy named Mike and a miniaturized man named Pop.
Segments
Maniac Brainiac
Cool Tool
Charlie's Experiment/Tip
Mechanix with Nix and Tix, later known as just Nix & Tix
Action!
Coming Up on PMK
Rewind
Fast Forward
FACTory
eXtreme
Under the Hood
Gear Gutz
Sparks
System Error
Episodes
Cast
Elisha Cuthbert
Jay Baruchel
Tyler Kyte
Vanessa Lengies
Charles Powell
Honours
It was awarded the Parents Choice Award in 2003, and was nominated for the Gemini Awards.
Production
The show was filmed primarily in Montreal, Quebec. The show was produced by the Global Television Network in Canada, Hearst Entertainment in the U.S., and finally TVA International in Canada for the final episodes in 2000.
Telecast and home media
The show aired in syndication in the U.S. (including Hearst-owned television stations), before moving to Discovery Kids on Saturday mornings by the program's final season in 2000. Repeats of the show continued to air on many channels until 2008. It was tested on BBC Kids and Discovery Kids in Canada until December 31, 2009. After the closure of Discovery Kids in Canada, BBC Kids stopped airing repeats in all countries (except Canada). The repeats on BBC Kids in Canada ended on May 14, 2011. repeats of the show continue to air on Knowledge Network. In the U.S., the show can currently be streamed on Tubi and The Roku Channel.
A number of VHS copies (and later, DVDs) have been released by Koch Vision and E1 Entertainment.
Slither and Slime and Other Yucky Things
Radical Rockets and Other Cool Cruising Machines
Rip Roaring Rollercoasters and All Access to Fun
Gators, Dragons and Other Wild Beasts
Super Sea Creatures and Awesome Ocean Adventures
Lightning and Other Forces of Nature
X-Treme Rides
Roller Coasters
Firefighters and Other Lifesaving Heroes
Zoos
Garbage
Popular Mechanics For Kids: 4 DVD Box Set
Popular Mechanics For Kids: 6 DVD Box Set
Popular Mechanics For Kids: The Complete First Season
Popular Mechanics For Kids: The Complete Second Season
Popular Mechanics For Kids: The Complete Third Season
Popular Mechanics For Kids: The Complete Fourth Season
How Do They Build Bridges
How Do They Build Skyscrapers
How Do They Build Tunnels
How Do They Build Spaceships
References
External links
1997 Canadian television series debuts
2000 Canadian television series endings
Canadian children's education television series
Television shows filmed in Montreal
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Television shows based on magazines
Science education television series
Global Television Network original programming
1990s Canadian children's television series
2000s Canadian children's television series
Television series about teenagers
Television series by Entertainment One
Television series by Corus Entertainment
Canadian children's reality television series
English-language television shows |
74861876 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artturi%20H.%20Virkkunen | Artturi H. Virkkunen | Artturi Heikki (A. H.) Virkkunen (18 January 1864 – 17 November 1924; surname until 1906 Snellman) was a Finnish historian, journalist and politician, born in Karunki. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1907 to 1909, from 1910 to 1911 and from 1913 to 1922, representing the Finnish Party until December 1918 and the National Coalition Party after that.
References
1864 births
1924 deaths
People from Tornio
People from Oulu Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Finnish Lutherans
Finnish Party politicians
National Coalition Party politicians
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1907–1908)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1908–1909)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1910–1911)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1913–1916)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1916–1917)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1917–1919)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1919–1922)
Finnish historians
University of Helsinki alumni
Academic staff of the University of Turku
Rectors of the University of Turku
People of the Finnish Civil War (White side) |
37575381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenophanes | Selenophanes | Selenophanes is a genus of Neotropical butterflies.
Species
Unknown species group
Selenophanes cassiope (Cramer, [1775])
Selenophanes supremus Stichel, 1901
The josephus species group
Selenophanes josephus (Godman & Salvin, [1881])
References
Morphinae
Nymphalidae of South America
Nymphalidae genera
Taxa named by Otto Staudinger |
13835341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andance | Andance | Andance (; ) is a commune in the Ardèche department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southern France.
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Andançois or Andançoises
Geography
Andance is located 5 km south of Saint-Rambert-d'Albon, 15 km east of Annonay, and 20 km north of Tournon-sur-Rhone. It can be accessed by the D86 road from Champagne in the north passing through the village then continuing south through the commune to Sarras. The D86B passes from the village over the Rhone to Andancette on the east bank. The D82 road also comes from Saint-Etienne-de-Valoux in the north-east to the village. There are also the small D370 road from Talencieux in the west to the village via a tortuous route and the D370B also from Talencieux to the south of the commune.
The commune has the Rhône as its entire eastern border with the Ruisseau de L'Ecoutay, the Ruisseau du Creux, the Ruisseau de Cueil, and numerous other streams flowing through the commune to the Rhone. The Conce river forms the southern border of the commune and also flows into the Rhone.
Neighbouring communes and villages
Administration
List of Successive Mayors
Population
Distribution of Age Groups
The population of the commune is significantly younger than the departmental average.
Percentage Distribution of Age Groups in Andance and Ardèche Department in 2017
Source: INSEE
Culture and heritage
Civil heritage
The Sarrazinière Roman Ruins (Antiquity) at Châtelet are registered as an historical monument
Andance bridge was built in 1827 with iron wires and a central pier. The Andance bridge is the oldest suspension bridge still used today in France. It was built by Marc Seguin the brilliant inventor from Annonay. Largely destroyed during the Second World War on 30 August 1944, it was rebuilt and reopened in 1946 then underwent further changes
Religious heritage
The Church of Our Lady of Andance (12th century) is registered as an historical monument
A Calvary of Three Saints.
The Church contains many items that are registered as historical objects:
A Painting: Saint Philomena Martyred (19th century)
A Painting: Saint Romain (1835)
A Painting: Pope Pius IX remitting indulgences to the Andance Priest for the Saint-Barrel Chapel (19th century)
A Painting: Crusaders bringing relics to the chapel (19th century)
An Altar Cross (19th century)
A Processional Cross (19th century)
2 Prints with frames: Stations of the Cross (19th century)
A Reliquary (19th century)
A Statue: Saint Barulas (19th century)
A Statue: Black Madonna (19th century)
A Passion Cross: Cross of Bargemen
Andance in the arts
Andance is mentioned in the poem by Louis Aragon, The conscript of a hundred villages, written as an act of clandestine intellectual resistance in 1943 during the Second World War.
See also
Communes of the Ardèche department
References
External links
Andance on the National Geographic Institute website
Andance official website
Andance on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website
Andance on the 1750 Cassini Map
Communes of Ardèche |
9664498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichpalle | Dichpalle | Dichpalle is a village in Nizamabad district in the state of Telangana in India.
Leprosy centre
Dr Isabel Kerr founded the Victoria Leprosy Hospital here in 1915. In the 1960s the leprosy centre that she founded had over 400 patients.
References
Villages in Nizamabad district |
21031562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wronczyn%2C%20Gmina%20Pobiedziska | Wronczyn, Gmina Pobiedziska | Wronczyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pobiedziska, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Pobiedziska and north-east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Wronczyn |
43461549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20vegetarian%20restaurants | List of vegetarian restaurants | This is an incomplete list of vegetarian and vegan restaurants. Vegetarian cuisine refers to food that meets vegetarian standards by not including meat and animal tissue products. For lacto-ovo vegetarianism (the most common type of vegetarianism in the Western world), eggs and dairy products such as milk and cheese are permitted. For lacto vegetarianism, the earliest known type of vegetarianism (recorded in India), dairy products are permitted, but eggs are not. The strictest forms of vegetarianism are veganism, raw veganism, and fruitarianism, which exclude all animal products, including dairy products as well as eggs and even some refined sugars if filtered and whitened with bone char.
Notable vegetarian restaurants
Adyar Ananda Bhavan, India, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Kenya, and United States
Annalakshmi, Malaysia, Australia, Singapore and India
Aviv, Portland, Oregon, US
Bloodroot, Bridgeport, Connecticut, US
Café Gratitude, five locations, California, US
Café Paradiso, Cork, Ireland
Çiğköftem, Turkish fast-food chain, 130 restaurants as of 2020
Claire's Corner Copia, New Haven, Connecticut, US
Clover Food Lab, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
Cranks, London, England
Dirt Candy, New York City, New York, US
Food for Thought, London, England
Govinda's Restaurant, various locations all over the world
Goli Vada Pav, India
Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro, Portland, Maine, US, and Portsmouth, New Hampshire, US
Greens Restaurant, San Francisco, California, US
Hard Times Cafe, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
Hiltl Restaurant, Zurich, Switzerland
The Hollow Reed, Portland, Maine, US
InSpiral Lounge, Camden Lock, England
Kesar Da Dhaba, Amritsar
Lentil as Anything, Melbourne and Sydney, Australia
Murugan Idli Shop, India and Singapore, a chain of vegetarian restaurants headquartered in Madurai
The New Riverside Cafe, Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
Namma Veedu Vasanta Bhavan, Chennai, Trichy and Villupuram, India
New Woodlands Hotel, Chennai
Penny Cafeteria, New York City, New York, US
The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel, Birmingham, England
Saravana Bhavan, a Chennai-based restaurant with 110 branches
The Sound Lounge, a vegan restaurant within a grassroots music venue (complete with a vinyl record shop) in Sutton, south London.
Sree Annapoorna Sree Gowrishankar, Coimbatore, India
Taïm, New York City, New York, US
Veggie Galaxy, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
Veggie Victory, Nigeria
Vidyarthi Bhavan, South Bengaluru Bangalore, India
Notable vegan restaurants
Baby Blue Pizza, Portland, Oregon
Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli
Blossoming Lotus, Portland, Oregon, US
Candle Cafe, three locations, New York City, New York, US
Crossroads Kitchen, Los Angeles, California, US
Cinnaholic, 14 locations, US
Dirty Lettuce, Portland, Oregon
Elizabeth's Gone Raw, Washington, D.C., US
G-Zen, Branford, Connecticut, US
Life on Mars, Seattle
Little Pine (restaurant), Los Angeles, California, US
Lord of the Fries 19 locations in Australia and 4 in New Zealand.
Loving Hut, 138 locations, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America
Mama Đút, Portland, Oregon
Mis Tacones, Portland, Oregon
Mondragon Bookstore & Coffeehouse, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (closed January 2014)
Native Foods Cafe, 14 locations, California, Colorado, Illinois, and Oregon, US
ONA, the first vegan restaurant in France to win a Michelin star
Pink Peacock, Govanhill, Glasgow, Scotland
Plant, Asheville, North Carolina, US
Plum Bistro, Seattle
Purezza, British pizza and Italian food chain from Brighton, UK
Red and Black Cafe, Portland, Oregon, US (closed March 2015)
Two Dollar Radio Headquarters, Columbus, Ohio, US
Vedge, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
VeganBurg, Singapore and San Francisco, California, US
Veggie Grill, 29 locations, California, Oregon, and Washington, US
See also
Health food restaurant
Lists of restaurants
List of vegetarian and vegan companies
List of fictional vegetarian characters
References
External links
Lists of restaurants |
45080283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manassiddare%20Marga | Manassiddare Marga | Manassiddare Marga is a 1967 Indian Kannada-language film, directed by M. R. Vittal and produced by Srikanth Nahatha and Srikanth Patel. The film stars Rajkumar, Rajashankar, Narasimharaju and K. S. Ashwath. The film has musical score by M. Ranga Rao. The film was a remake of 1957 Hindi movie Bada Bhai which had also been remade earlier in Telugu in 1959 as Sabhash Ramudu. The picturization of the song Ee Jeevana Bevu Bella was the first instance of a Kannada movie using the back projection technology.
Cast
Soundtrack
The music was composed by M. Ranga Rao.
References
External links
Manassiddare Marga /ಮನಸ್ಸಿದ್ದರೆ ಮಾರ್ಗ - explanation
1967 films
1960s Kannada-language films
Films scored by M. Ranga Rao
Kannada remakes of Hindi films
Films directed by M. R. Vittal
1967 drama films |
64665531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodan%20Alavanja | Slobodan Alavanja | Slobodan Alavanja () is a politician in Serbia. He was elected to the National Assembly of Serbia in the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election. Alavanja is a member of the Serbian People's Party (Srpska narodna partija; SNP).
Private career
Alavanja lives in the Novi Sad municipality of Petrovaradin, in the province of Vojvodina. He holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sports and Tourism (2012) and a master's degree from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Security (2014). He has been a fitness trainer, worked for Novi Sad's city administration from sports and youth in 2012–13, and now works at the Provincial Institute for Sports and Sports Medicine. In 2017, he represented the institute on a mission to Russia.
Politician
The SNP contested the 2020 Serbian parliamentary election in an alliance with the Serbian Progressive Party. Alavanja received the eighty-sixth position on the party's electoral list and campaigned with party leader Nenad Popović and other SNP members during the election. He was elected when the list won a landslide majority with 188 mandates. He is now a member of the committee on the diaspora and Serbs in the region; a deputy member of the committee on education, science, technological development, and the information society; a member of the subcommittee on youth and sports; and a member of Serbia's parliamentary friendship groups with Australia, China, and Russia.
References
1985 births
Living people
Politicians from Novi Sad
Members of the National Assembly (Serbia)
Serbian People's Party (2014) politicians |
4905223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellingshausen | Bellingshausen | Bellingshausen may refer to:
Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen (1778–1852), Baltic German explorer and officer in the Russian navy, after whom are named:
Bellingshausen Plate, a tectonic plate
Bellingshausen Sea, off the Antarctic Peninsula of Antarctica
Bellingshausen Plain, an undersea plain of the Bellingshausen Sea
Mount Bellingshausen, Antarctica
Bellingshausen Island in the South Sandwich Islands
Bellinghausen or Bellingshausen, an atoll in the Society Islands, also known as Motu One
Bellingshausen Point, South Georgia
Bellingshausen Station, a Russian base on King George Island, Antarctica
3659 Bellingshausen, an asteroid
Bellinsgauzen (crater), a lunar crater
See also
Bellinghausen (disambiguation) |
25517419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Underfall%20Yard | The Underfall Yard | The Underfall Yard is the sixth studio album by the English progressive rock band Big Big Train, and their first to feature vocalist and multi-instrumentalist David Longdon. It was released on 15 December 2009, by English Electric Recordings.
Background
The Underfall Yard consists of an opening instrumental track and 5 songs. The album has an elegiac atmosphere, with a number of the songs exploring historical themes in an almost nostalgic manner.
The opening instrumental track, "Evening Star", sets out some of the instrumental motifs which recur in the title track.
Two of the songs, "Master James of St. George" and "Victorian Brickwork", are about Spawton's father, who died shortly before the album was released.
"Last Train" is a song about a Mr Delia who was the last station master at Hurn station, which was an isolated station on a rural branch line on the border of Dorset and Hampshire. The station closed in 1935. The song tells the story of Mr Delia's final day as the last train departs.
"Winchester Diver" is about diver William Walker who, in the early 1900s, worked under the flooded foundations of Winchester Cathedral to save it from collapse. Diving in 20 feet of water and in appalling conditions, Walker shored up the foundations. The song explores the contrast between the dreadful working conditions he endured and life in the cathedral above him, which carried on as normal.
The 23 minute title track, "The Underfall Yard", is a song about Isambard Kingdom Brunel and the great Victorian engineers. The Underfall Yard itself is located in Bristol and is an engineering solution, partly developed by Brunel, to maintain water and silt levels in the city's harbour. The song explores Enlightenment themes, contrasting the rationalism of the Victorian era to a coming 'age of unreason'. The Underfall Yard was initially inspired by Richard Fortey's The Hidden Landscape. In the book, Fortey describes a journey along Brunel's Great Western line, where, as the author travelled west, the rocks are found to be older.
The album was remixed and reissued as a double CD and three-LP set in April 2021 and features new studio re-recordings of "Victorian Brickwork" and "The Underfall Yard", along with a new brass arranged prelude to the title track and the brand new song "Brew and Burgh".
Track listing
Personnel
Nick D'Virgilio – drums; backing vocals (tracks 3, 6)
David Longdon – lead vocals; flute (tracks 1, 5, 6); mandolin (tracks 1, 2); glockenspiel (tracks 1, 6); dulcimer, psaltery and organ (track 1); tambourine (track 3); keyboards (track 5)
Andy Poole – bass, keyboards
Gregory Spawton – keyboards, guitars, bass
Guest musicians
Dave Gregory – guitars (tracks 1, 6), electric sitar (track 1), guitar solo (tracks 2, 3, 4, 6), E-bow (track 2), Mellotron (track 3), sitar (track 6)
Jon Foyle – electric cello (track 1), cello (tracks 3, 4, 5)
Rich Evans – cornet (tracks 1, 3, 6), cornet solo (track 3)
Dave Desmond – trombone (tracks 1, 3, 6)
Nick Stones – french horn (tracks 1, 3, 6)
Jon Truscott – tuba (tracks 1, 3, 6)
Francis Dunnery – guitars and guitar solo (track 6)
Jem Godfrey – synthesizer solos (track 6)
References
External links
The Underfall Yard microsite at bigbigtrain.com
Big Big Train albums
2009 albums |
46674438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav%20Dusmanov | Vyacheslav Dusmanov | Vyacheslav Yevgenyevich Dusmanov (; born 8 June 1973) is a former Russian football player.
He played in the 2002–03 UEFA Cup for FC Gomel, allowing 8 goals in two games against FC Schalke 04.
External links
1973 births
Sportspeople from Izhevsk
Living people
Soviet men's footballers
Russian men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Russian Premier League players
Russian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Latvia
Expatriate men's footballers in Belarus
FC Dynamo Moscow reserves players
FC Lada-Tolyatti players
Dinaburg FC players
FC Gomel players
FC Sibir Novosibirsk players
FC Neman Grodno players
FC Novokuznetsk players
FC SOYUZ-Gazprom Izhevsk players
FC Krasnoznamensk players |
24026633 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickerman%20Park | Dickerman Park | Dickerman Park is an urban park in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. The park is located along University Avenue. The park is in size and stretches along the north side of University from Fairview to Aldine street. The land was donated to the city in 1909 but was never developed as a public green space. Since the park's founding sections have been paved over for parking lots and other sections are used as front yards for businesses. Proposals for redevelopment gained traction in the 2000s with support from the original family that donated the land. The park is often mistaken as a broad setback from buildings on University Avenue.
History
There are two variations on how the park was created. According to Donald L. Empson in his book The Street Where You Live an area from University north to Thomas Avenue and Fairview Avenue east to Aldine Street was platted in 1906 as Dickerman Park. The subdivision, owned by the Dickerman family, was reconfigured six years later by Dickerman Investment Company and Griggs, Cooper & Co. to move the lots from abutting University Avenue back establishing a greenspace along the two blocks. In 1929 an atlas noted that the land was "dedicated for a parkway".
According to most other sources the land was donated by Dickerman Investment Co. in 1909 for "park and parkway" purposes. The donation was intended to spur development around the Dickerman Park Addition, a platted development owned by the company. The company's president was G.G. Dickerman, and secretary was C.K. Dickerman. At the time city planners envisioned University Avenue to become a sweeping boulevard similar to Champs-Élysées.
In 1957 the westernmost portion was paved over for use by the Griggs-Midway Building with consent by the City of Saint Paul. In 1977 the Midway YMCA built a ten car parking lot again with permission from the city. Since then the Midway YMCA and several charter schools on the east side of the park have constructed playgrounds on the park apparently without official approval from the city.
Redevelopment
Community groups have tried to revitalize the park several times. The most recent push began in 2003 with a charette led by the "St. Paul on the Mississippi Design Center". It was also sponsored by Dickerman Park
Task force which grew out of the St. Paul Friends of the Parks and Trails. The charette split into three groups which produced four designs for the project. The use of the space as a playground gained little support with only one group including play areas for the around 600 students who attend one of the several charter schools or are involved in the YMCA. Most plans focused on unifying the fragmented park with either turf or native planting underneath the 100-year-old oak trees. One of the challenges of having play areas for children is the necessary division from busy University Avenue.
In 2005 Kent Dickerman, the last Dickerman descendant still living in Saint Paul, found out about the park donated by his grandfather and great-uncle. He contacted his relatives and helped raise $45,000 for analysis and preliminary design to revitalize the park.
Jay Benanav, the then local city council member admitted that he had not heard of the park when he was elected. The landscape architecture firm Coen and Partners and photographer Wing Yung Huie were hired in 2005 to design the park.
Several design proposals have been proposed.
Part of the impetus for the redevelopment of the park is the planned METRO Green Line light rail that would run down University Avenue. The Fairview Avenue Station would be just across the street from the park.
References
External links
dickermanpark.org
Fairview to Aldine Detailed map of Dickerman Park with design for light rail down University Avenue
Parks in Saint Paul, Minnesota |
22334183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20British%20GT%20Championship | 2009 British GT Championship | The 2009 Avon Tyres British GT season was the 17th season of the British GT Championship. The season began at Oulton Park's Easter Monday meeting and finished on 20 September at Brands Hatch after 14 races. 2009 saw the debut of the new Supersport class. Twins David and Godfrey Jones won the GT3 title during the final race of the season. Jody Firth sealed the GT4 title, while Phil Keen and Marcus Clutton won the Supersports Class.
Drivers and teams
All cars ran on Avon tyres.
Calendar
All rounds were a duration of 60 minutes, except rounds 11 and 12, which were two-hour endurance races. Only the overall winners are listed. The Donington enduro was originally scheduled for April 26, however due to ongoing issues with the circuit's track licence, the meeting was rescheduled for July 19. In the Spa-Francorchamps round, the British GT field was included in the Belcar Championship races.
Standings
Points are awarded to the top eight finishers in the order 10-8-6-5-4-3-2-1. Drivers in bold indicate pole position. Drivers in italics indicate fastest lap.
GT3
† — Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.
GT4
Supersport
Notes
Renard and Vosse were not awarded points in race two at Oulton Park, due to running standard-spec pump fuel, following issues with the championship's Sunoco fuel during race one.
Supersport Class drivers are awarded half points, due to a lack of competitors.
At Rockingham, as the Invitation Class Ginetta won both races, Simonsen and Lester were awarded maximum points in race one, and Brown and Fisken in race two. The Ginetta also won at Brands Hatch, with Simonsen and Lester again receiving maximum points.
From Spa onwards, half points were awarded in GT4, due to a lack of competitors.
The Mosler MT900R of Daniel Brown and Martin Short competed at Snetterton and Donington under protest due to a loophole in the regulations. Eventually, the Mosler was stripped of points gained from the rounds.
References
External links
British GT website
GT
British GT Championship seasons |
33605551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balima%20River%20%28Democratic%20Republic%20of%20the%20Congo%29 | Balima River (Democratic Republic of the Congo) | The Balima is a river of northern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It flows through Buta Territory in Bas-Uele District.
References
Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
44268434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%20Warriors | Three Warriors | Three Warriors is a 1977 American drama film directed by Kieth Merrill, written by Sy Gomberg, and starring Charles White-Eagle, McKee Redwing, Lois Red Elk, Randy Quaid, Christopher Lloyd and Trey Wilson. It premiered at the Chicago International Film Festival in October 1977 and was released in February 1978 by United Artists.
Plot
Cast
Charles White-Eagle as Grandfather
McKee Redwing as Michael
Lois Red Elk as Mother
Randy Quaid as Ranger Quentin Hammond
Christopher Lloyd as Steve Chaffey
Trey Wilson as Chuck
Michael Huddleston as Pat
Raydine Spino as Older Sister
Stacey Leonard as Younger Sister
Mel Lambert as Horsedealer
Dean Brooks as Officer at Fair
Byron Patt as Michael's Father
Lynn Miller as Slaughterhouse Supervisor
Nathan Jim Sr. as Mechanic
Avex Miller Sr. as Mechanic's Father
Harold Cedartree as Singer
References
External links
1977 films
United Artists films
American drama films
1977 drama films
Films directed by Kieth Merrill
Films produced by Saul Zaentz
1978 drama films
1978 films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films |
9211582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochliobolus%20miyabeanus | Cochliobolus miyabeanus | Cochliobolus miyabeanus (teleomorph, formerly known as Helminthosporium oryzae, anamorph Bipolaris oryzae) is a fungus that causes brown spot disease in rice.
It was considered for use by the USA as a biological weapon against Japan during World War II.
Hosts and symptoms
Brown spot of rice is a plant fungal disease that usually occurs on the host leaves and glume, as well as seedlings, sheaths, stems and grains of adult host plants. Hosts include Oryza (Asian rice), Leersia (Cutgrass), Zizania (Wild rice), and other species as well such as Echinochloa colona (junglerice) and Zea mays (maize).
Cochliobolus miyabeanus may cause a wide range of symptoms. General symptoms occurring on the hosts can be observed on many parts of the plant, including leaves, seeds, stems and inflorescences, along with the presence of brown spot. Discoloration of stems is another symptom develops from brown spot of rice disease. Oval-shaped brown spots are the fungal growth sign, which have grey colored center developed on host leaves. The fungus produces a toxin known as ophiobolin which inhibits the growth of roots, coleoptiles, and leaves. This pathogen has also been known to produce non-host specific toxins which suppress plant defenses, causing the characteristic brown spots on rice leaves.
Dark coffee-coloured spots appear in the panicle and severe attacks cause spots in the grain and loss of yield and milling quality.
Also, lesions on glumes and seeds occur if the pathogen associates with other fungi and insects. Such lesions may develop when favorable condition for sporulation is present.
Importance
Cochliobolus miyabeanus is an important plant pathogen because it causes a common and widespread rice disease that causes high level of crop yield losses. It was a major cause of the Bengal famine of 1943, where the crop yield was dropped by 40% to 90% and the death of 2 million people was recorded. It is a possible agroterrorism weapon. Other known severe crop loss cases caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus are globally distributed. In the Philippines, rice seedling mortality rate has been recorded up to 60%. In India and Nigeria, it can reduce total crop yield by up to 40%. Similar losses are observed in Suriname and Sumatra.
Environment
There are several factors influencing the disease cycle and epidemics of brown spot of rice disease.
1. Rainfall and drought - The first factor affecting Cochliobolus miyabeanus life cycle is rainfall and drought. It tends to proliferate when there is reduced rainfall and in dewy conditions. In addition to a low level of precipitation, severe epidemics of rice brown spot occur during drought season. Compared to well flooded or irrigated areas, disease occurrence is favored in drier environments where a reduced amount of water is present.
2. Temperature and humidity - Another factor affecting disease development for Cochliobolus miyabeanus is temperature and humidity. Infection efficiency is influenced by the humidity level of the leaves, and lowered minimum temperature for crop cultivation favors epidemics of this disease. Infection by this pathogen is favored by long durations of leaf wetness, however this disease has even been reported without free water when humidity levels are above 89%.Cochliobolus miyabeanus grows well at lower temperatures during its developmental stages compared to the developed stage, so if high temperatures are maintained in the area it is likely that farmers can restrict the growth of this pathogen. The optimal temperature for the pathogen is between 20 and 30C, however the pathogen can occur anywhere between 16 and 36C.
3. Nutrition level - Nutrition of the host plant may also influence the level of disease development. For example, low soil nutrient content is associated with epidemics of rice brown spot. If soil minerals such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, silicon and manganese are deficient, this will likely favor disease development. In specific, in areas where silicon is present in a high amount in the soil, the host becomes less susceptible to this disease because silicon not only alleviates physiological stresses of the host, but also promotes disease resistance ability in the host. Furthermore, soil moisture level contributes to disease occurrence. Brown spot of rice is favored in areas where water content is low in soil.
Management
Prevention
The spread of the fungus can be prevented by using certified disease-free seed and using available resistant varieties such as MAC 18.
Avoiding dense sowing will can also help prevent the spread of the fungus as it reduces humidity
Maintaining control of weeds and removal of volunteer crops in the field can also prevent fungal spread, as well as burning the stubble of infected plants.
Seed treatments can also be used as a preventative measure. Seeds can be treated with fungicides or alternatively soaking seeds in cold water for 8 hours before treating with hot water (53-54 °C) for 10–12 minutes prior to planting.
Soil treatments can also be used to prevent the spread of C. miyabeanus. The addition of potassium and calcium if the soil is deficient can help boost disease resistance. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilisers should be avoided.
Control
Once symptoms are observed the disease may be controlled by burning removal and burning of any plants and maintaining water levels up to 3 inches at grain formation. below grain formation.
Sources
See also
list of rice diseases
References
World Food Crisis: Meeting the demands of a growing population by Jeff Batten, APS/CPS Annual Meeting, Monday, August 9, 1999
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Rice diseases
Cochliobolus |
5084209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%27s%20Work | Life's Work | Life's Work is an American sitcom series that aired from September 1996 to June 1997 on ABC; the show stars Lisa Ann Walter as Lisa Ann Minardi Hunter, an assistant district attorney in Baltimore.
Lisa Ann always wanted to practice law since she was young because she always argued with her parents. She also had a basketball coach husband named Kevin Hunter (Michael O'Keefe) who served as the patriarch of the family. Together, they raised a seven-year-old daughter Tess (Alexa Vega) and a toddler son named Griffin (Cameron and Luca Weibel). During the entire run of the series, an electric guitar & piano instrumental was used as the show's opening theme. Walter helped Mark Mothersbaugh write the theme.
Walter was an actress turned stand-up comic whose "voice" of a busy working mom became a top headlining act in the 1990s. ABC developed Life's Work for Walter, where she played a feisty feminist who could stand up to her mother in addition to her superiors at work. Walter received almost unanimous positive reviews for her portrayal of a harried working mother in a bold departure from the usual working mom shows where you never see the mom actually working.
As of July 2022, 15 (of the 18) episodes are available to purchase on several streaming services including AppleTV, Amazon, and YouTube.
In one of the episodes, Lisa Ann claimed to have a sexual affair with then-current American President Bill Clinton.
Cast
Main
Lisa Ann Walter as Lisa Ann Minardi Hunter
Michael O'Keefe as Kevin Hunter
Alexa Vega as Tess Hunter
Cameron and Luca Weibel as Griffin Hunter
Recurring
Larry Miller as Mr. Jerome Nash
Lightfield Lewis as Matt Youngster
Molly Hagan as Dee Dee Lucas
Jenny O'Hara and Lainie Kazan as Constance "Connie" Minardi
Tara Karsian as Emily
Episodes
Cancellation
The show was put on hiatus after the episode "Neighbors" aired on January 27, 1997. Months later, having finished the season in 38th place with a 9.5 rating, the show was officially cancelled even though it held on to more than 90% of the viewers who watched the final season of Roseanne.
References
Bibliography
1990s American sitcoms
1996 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
1990s American legal television series
1990s American workplace comedy television series
American Broadcasting Company original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by ABC Studios
Television shows set in Baltimore |
1060694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemmen | Hemmen | Hemmen is a village in the Dutch province of Gelderland. It is located in the municipality of Overbetuwe, 1 km northwest of Zetten.
Hemmen was a separate municipality until 1955, when it was merged with Valburg.
History
It was first mentioned in 1327 as Hemmen. The etymology is unclear. The church probably dates from the 13th century. It was enlarged in 1741, and the tower has built around 1800. It was extensively restored in 1932 to 1933. Castle Hemmen was built in 1360, and demolished in 1750. In 1757, a manor house was built in its place and was surrounded by a moat. It was destroyed in 1945. In 1840, Hemmen was home to 209 people.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Gelderland
Former municipalities of Gelderland
Overbetuwe |
39543796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Eychaner | Fred Eychaner | Fred Eychaner (born c. 1945) is an American businessman and philanthropist.
Eychaner is the chairman of Newsweb Corporation. He was included in Chicago magazine's 2014 list of the 100 most powerful Chicagoans. In 2005, the Chicago Tribune estimated his wealth at $500 million. In 2015, he was inducted into the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame.
Eychaner is a major donor to Democratic campaigns, gay rights advocacy groups, and arts organizations.
Early life and education
Eychaner was born to a middle-class Methodist family in DeKalb, Illinois, the son of Mildred (Lovett) and Howard Franklin Eychaner. His father owned a moving and storage business. He has three siblings, including Iowa businessman Rich Eychaner. He attended the Medill School of Journalism.
Business interests
In the late 1970s, Eychaner founded Metrowest Corporation, which would eventually become Newsweb, which prints a wide variety of newspapers. It was in 1982 that, through Metrowest, he launched Chicago television station WPWR-TV Channel 50 in Chicago. It was also in 1982 that, alongside Chicago White Sox owners Jerry Reinsdorf and Eddie Einhorn, he was involved in the launching of the subscription sports television service Sportsvision. The service was sold to Cablevision Systems Corporation in 1984, who converted it into a basic cable service. In 2002, WPWR was sold to Fox Television Stations for a reported $425 million. Then, in 2005, through Newsweb, he launched Chicago radio station WCPT (820 AM), branded as Chicago's Progressive Talk.
Philanthropy
He is President of the charitable organization Alphawood Foundation which granted the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London £20m in 2013. Eychaner has given the Clinton Foundation more than $25 million. He is also credited with getting the long-delayed FDR Four Freedoms Park on Roosevelt Island in New York finally constructed.
In November 2013, Alphawood announced a $2 million matching grant to help jumpstart construction of the Bloomingdale Trail in Chicago.
Eychaner commissioned architect Tadao Ando to design his house in Chicago, which was completed in 1997, and the Wrightwood 659 gallery next door, which officially opened in 2018.
Political activities
He has been a top Democratic donor for several cycles and in the 2012 election cycle was the top donor to Democratic Super PACs, giving more than $14 million.
Boards
He serves on the board of the Joffrey Ballet, and of the Art Institute of Chicago. He is also a trustee of the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco.
In September 2010, President Barack Obama appointed Eychaner a general trustee to the board of trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
Honors
Eychaner was awarded the 2021 National Medal of Arts.
References
Living people
1945 births
American philanthropists
American LGBT businesspeople
LGBT people from Illinois
Inductees of the Chicago LGBT Hall of Fame |
52675988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena%20Nikolaeva%20%28actress%29 | Elena Nikolaeva (actress) | Elena Andreevna Nikolaeva (, born 9 February 1983) is a Russian actress.
Biography
Elena Nikolaeva was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. She graduated from the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts in 2006. Currently, she works in the State Theatre of Nations.
Personal life
Elena is married and has a son and a daughter.
Filmography
2007 Roly-poly toy as Tanya
2007 Pen and sword (TV Series) as Nastya
2008 Kazaki-robbers (TV Mini-Series) as Sashka
2008 Girl (TV Movie) as Lena Yartseva
2009 Soundtrack of Passion as Vita
2009 I'll be back (TV Series) as Gulya
2012 Freud's method (TV Series) as Lidiya Fadeeva
2012 While blooming fern (TV Series) as Olesya Murashova / Polina Murashova, twin sister of Olesya
2014 Two winters and three summers (TV series) as Varvara Inyakhina
References
External links
Elena Nikolaeva's profile at the website of the Theatre of Nations
1983 births
Living people
Russian film actresses
Russian television actresses
Russian stage actresses
Actresses from Moscow
Russian Academy of Theatre Arts alumni |
11443679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20V.%20Teeter | Karl V. Teeter | Karl van Duyn Teeter (March 2, 1929 – April 20, 2007) was an American linguist known especially for his work on the Algic languages.
Life and work
Teeter was born in Berkeley, California, to Charles Edwin Teeter, Jr., a college professor of physical chemistry, and Lura May (née Shaffner) Teeter, later in life a college professor in philosophy. Raised in Lexington, Massachusetts, he dropped out of high school and joined the United States Army, where he served as a Supply Sergeant from 1951 to 1954. In 1951, Teeter married Anita Maria Bonacorsi, the daughter of Sicilian immigrants. Sent to Japan to serve in the occupation forces, he became deeply interested in the Japanese language and on returning received a bachelor's degree in Oriental Languages from the University of California at Berkeley. There he continued his studies as a graduate student in linguistics. His dissertation, supervised by Mary Haas, was a description of the soon-to-be-extinct Wiyot language.
Teeter's work on Wiyot not only provided the last and best data for this language, but set the stage for the resolution of the Ritwan controversy. Teeter not only provided crucial data, but recognized many of the correspondences with Algonquian cited by Mary Haas. He later contributed some of the grammatical arguments which, along with those made by his student Ives Goddard, finally settled the question.
With field work on Wiyot no longer possible, Teeter turned his attention to Malecite-Passamaquoddy, a distantly related Algonquian language of New Brunswick and Maine. His work on this language stimulated that of Philip LeSourd.
After a term from 1959 to 1962 as Junior Fellow at Harvard University, Teeter was appointed Assistant Professor of Linguistics. He remained at Harvard for the remainder of his career, eventually retiring in 1989 as Professor of Linguistics.
In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War.
He continued to work far into his retirement, concentrating on completing the lexicon of Wiyot on which he had been working since his student days, and encouraging research on endangered languages through participation in such organizations as the Foundation for Endangered Languages.
See also
Teeter's law
References
External links
Linguist List obituary
Harvard Society of Fellows listing
Boston Globe obituary
Bibliography
The Wiyot Language (University of California Press Publications in Linguistics 37, 1964)
Descriptive linguistics in America: Triviality vs. irrelevance, (Word 20.197-206, 1964)
Wiyot Handbook (Algonquian and Iroquoian Linguistics Memoirs 10 and 11, 1993)
Linguists from the United States
American tax resisters
United States Army soldiers
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Harvard University faculty
1929 births
2007 deaths
Linguists of Algic languages
Linguists of Wiyot
20th-century linguists
Linguists of Japanese |
71152764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivonne%20Goderich | Ivonne Goderich | Ivonne del Rosario Goderich Gonzalez, better known as Ivonne Goderich (born 7 October, 1952) is a Puerto Rican actress, show host and playwright. Goderich is considered, along with Sully Diaz, Von Marie Mendez, Millie Aviles and Giselle Blondet, as one of the five queens of the telenovela genre in Puerto Rico during the 1980s. Of the five, Goderich was the only one who worked for Canal 4 at the time, as the other four worked for Canal 2 instead.
Early life
Goderich was born in Santurce, an area of Puerto Rico's capital, San Juan. She was born to Ivan Goderich, a Cuban soap opera musical director, and Esther Sandoval (née Gonzalez), a Puerto Rican actress. As a young girl, Ivonne studied dance and, as a teenager, she formed part of a ballet company as a dancer.
But her interests did not include a future in the world of entertainment as of yet. Goderich attended the University of Puerto Rico, where she gained two degrees: one in art's history and another one in teaching. Goderich became a model and acted in several television commercials in order to pay for her university studies. Goderich's mother, Esther Sandoval, noticed her daughter's talent for acting but, as a demanding mother, she demanded that Goderich do her best acting when she acted in these commercials.
Professional actress
Goderich was given a chance to act in a theatrical play named "La Malquerida" ("The Unloved One"). She was discovered by WAPA-TV producers while acting in theater, and soon, she signed up with that television station. Her television debut came in a telenovela named "La Mentira" ("The Lie"). Goderich later participated in the 1982 classic, "Vivir Para Ti" ("Living for You"), in which she acted alongside Angela Meyer, Lydia Echevarria, Pablo Alarcon, Camille Carrion and others. This was followed by her participation in "Poquita Cosa" ("Little Thing").
In 1984, Goderich was contracted by Venevision, a Venezuela-based major, international television channel, to star in a telenovela named "Diana Carolina", where she played the titular role, alongside Guillermo Davila, who played her romantic interest. That telenovela was a major international hit. "Diana Carolina" was a United States (Univision)-Venezuela co-production; scenes were recorded in both Venezuela and Puerto Rico.
The success of "Diana Carolina", both in Puerto Rico and in Venezuela, led Goderich to accept another offer with Venevision, so she moved to Venezuela in order to record a telenovela named ""El Angel del Barrio" ("Angel of the Slums"), a telenovela that was not as successful as "Diana Carolina".
Goderich returned to her native island-country and soon, she participated in another Puerto Rican telenovela, this one named "Tiempo de Vivir" ("Time to Live"), which was written by the famed actor, director and writer Jacobo Morales. According to sources, Goderich experienced a bad treatment from fellow participants in that telenovela, which convinced her to return to Venezuela one more time, to act in a telenovela named "Los Donatti" ("The Donattis"), shortly before returning permanently to Puerto Rico, where she decided to stay.
Show host
Goderich was for a time during the 80s, part of the show hosting team of "A Millon", a game-show that was the first program of its kind in Puerto Rico and which was a major ratings hit on the island, and in which she shared hosting responsibilities with Hector Marcano and Rafael Jose. After returning to Puerto Rico following her participation in "Los Donatti", she hosted a youth-oriented television show named "A toda Maquina" ("Going At it With Everything"), which was shown on Canal 6, Puerto Rico's government's station.
Theater
As a theater actress, she has also acted in many theatrical plays. During 2022, her play, "Vivir..en Los Tiempos Del Jaiba" ("Living...During the Crab Times"), began at the Centro de Bellas Artes in San Juan. The play is about Puerto Ricans who live in condominiums and their situations in daily life. Goderich also acts in this play.
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
History of women in Puerto Rico
References
1952 births
Living people
Puerto Rican people of Cuban descent
Puerto Rican actresses
Puerto Rican educators
Puerto Rican women educators
Puerto Rican dramatists and playwrights
Puerto Rican women dramatists and playwrights
Puerto Rican telenovela actresses
Puerto Rican stage actresses |
39980569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidalen | Hidalen | Hidalen (The winter lair valley) is a valley at the western part of Kongsøya in Kong Karls Land, Svalbard. It is located between the mountains of Retziusfjellet to the south and Hårfagrehaugen to the north. The valley was given its name due to observations of several dens for polar bears in the valley.
References
Valleys of Svalbard
Kongsøya |
73510950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production%20of%20Ponniyin%20Selvan%3A%20I%20and%20Ponniyin%20Selvan%3A%20II | Production of Ponniyin Selvan: I and Ponniyin Selvan: II | Ponniyin Selvan: I and Ponniyin Selvan: II are Indian Tamil-language epic historical action films directed by Mani Ratnam, who co-wrote them with Elango Kumaravel and B. Jeyamohan. Produced by Ratnam and Subaskaran Allirajah under Madras Talkies and Lyca Productions, they are the cinematic adaptations of Kalki Krishnamurthy's 1955 novel, Ponniyin Selvan.
Ever since its publication, a film adaptation of the novel Ponniyin Selvan had been explored by several Tamil filmmakers, including an attempt by M. G. Ramachandran in the late 1950s; however, it never materialised. Decades later, Ratnam attempted to adapt the novel in the late-1980s and early-2010s but was unsuccessful due to financial constraints. Calling it his "dream project", Ratnam revived the effort in January 2019, after Lyca agreed to fund the film. Following several changes in cast and crew, production of Ponniyin Selvan began in 11 December 2019 and concluded in 18 September 2021, halting twice due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was originally intended to be a single film but was split into two parts. Both parts were shot back-to-back in various locations across India, with a few sequences in Thailand.
Ponniyin Selvan: I was released in theatres worldwide on 30 September 2022 and Ponniyin Selvan: II was released in theatres on 28 April 2023.
Origin
In 1958, M. G. Ramachandran announced Ponniyin Selvan, a film adaptation of Kalki Krishnamurthy's historical novel of the same name. Ramachandran bought the film rights to the novel for , and would produce, direct and star in the adaptation, which would feature an ensemble cast including Vyjayanthimala, Gemini Ganesan, Padmini, Savitri, B. Saroja Devi, M. N. Rajam, T. S. Balaiah, M. N. Nambiar, O. A. K. Thevar and V. Nagayya. Before shooting could begin, Ramachandran met with an accident, and the wound took six months to heal; Ramachandran was unable to continue with the film even after renewing the rights four years later.
In the late 1980s, actor Kamal Haasan and Mani Ratnam worked together on adapting the novel into a film. Composer Ilaiyaraaja and cinematographer P. C. Sreeram became attached to the project, while actors including Sathyaraj and Prabhu were cast in pivotal roles. Ratnam revealed that he worked on a first draft of the film alongside Kamal Haasan, who had bought the rights of the novel from Ramachandran, but the pair shelved their plan as the project did not make financial sense at the time. In an interview with Filmfare in January 1994, Ratnam stated that it remained one of his "dream projects" and that he had hoped to work on during his career. Kamal Haasan then attempted to make the story into a forty-part television series, and worked with writer Ra. Ki. Rangarajan on the screenplay, but the project was later stalled. After the financial failure of his Iruvar (1997), Ratnam was dissuaded by his wife Suhasini from making a film based on Ponniyin Selvan due to her belief that Tamil audiences would not accept films based on history.
In late 2010, Ratnam renewed his interest in the project and worked alongside writer Jeyamohan to finalise the script for the film adaptation of Ponniyin Selvan. Expected to be made in the Tamil at a cost of , Ratnam planned to produce the film himself initially, with the intention of teaming up with a bigger production house later on in the film-making process. Technicians including composer A. R. Rahman, cinematographer Santosh Sivan, editor A. Sreekar Prasad and art director Sabu Cyril were soon after attached to the project.
Ratnam cast Vijay in the leading role of Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan. After signing the film, Vijay called it a "privilege" and a "dream come true" to be working with Ratnam for the second time after Nerrukku Ner (1997). Mahesh Babu was cast as Arulmozhi Varman, who later becomes the Chola emperor Rajaraja I in the project, and also expressed his delight at being selected by Ratnam. Arya also joined the project to play a third leading male role after the script was narrated to him. Meanwhile, Sathyaraj was signed to play a supporting role in the film. During the course of the casting process, Ratnam had also considered other actors including Vikram, Suriya and Vishal but they eventually did not make the final cast. For the leading female roles, after considering Jyothika, the team finalised Anushka Shetty for a role and held discussions with Priyanka Chopra in regard to other characters.
Seven days before the scheduled start of the shoot, a photoshoot for the film was held in Chennai featuring Vijay and Mahesh Babu. For the shoot, the team sought permission from the officials of Mysore Palace and Lalitha Mahal to film sequences. However, their requests were denied with palace officials keen to keep film crews away from the historic locations. The film was later shelved before the start of the filming stage, as the expected cost of production escalated. Jeyamohan stated that the film did not materialise as the team struggled to find available locations to shoot the film. He revealed that temple officials in Tamil Nadu refused to allow the team to film scenes on the premises and that the expensive cost of producing replica sets meant that it would not be a viable solution.
Development
In January 2019, Ratnam decided to revive Ponniyin Selvan after Lyca Productions, who earlier collaborated with him in Chekka Chivantha Vaanam (2018), agreed to fund the film. While Vikram, Vijay Sethupathi and Jayam Ravi decided to play the lead roles, along with Silambarasan in a crucial role, Amitabh Bachchan and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan too assigned the project; the former playing the role of Sundara Chola in the film. Composer A. R. Rahman, screenwriter Jeyamohan and editor Sreekar Prasad, were retained in the new version. In April 2019, a major change in the film's cast took place, with Sethupathi opting out of the project due to schedule conflicts, thus being replaced by Karthi, and Anushka Shetty was included in the film's cast, working with Ratnam for the first time. Rai later herself confirmed her inclusion in the project, at the Cannes Film Festival. Anushka Shetty, who has been part of the film's old version, officially signed the project. Amala Paul too confirmed being a part of the film. Vikram, who is one of the principal characters in the film, too confirmed his part. Veteran actors R. Parthiban and Jayaram were also reported to join the film's cast. Rajinikanth wanted to portray Periya Pazhuvettaraiyar, but Ratnam refused since it would upset the actor's fans; the role went to Sarathkumar.
In June 2019, Elango Kumaravel announced that he would co-write the screenplay for this version with Ratnam and Jeyamohan. Ratnam decided to retain cinematographer Santhosh Sivan for this project. However, his unavailability made the director to sign on Ravi Varman. Varman, was working for Indian 2, directed by S. Shankar, before signing the film's project. But the latter's delay made Varman to quit the film, making him available for Ponniyin Selvan. In September 2019, Ratnam confirmed that he will be working with the composer and lyricist duo Rahman and Vairamuthu, who were a part of Ratnam's frequent collaborations since Roja (1992). However, it received huge displeasure from netizens, as the latter was accused of sexual misconduct and harassment by several women singers and artists from the Tamil film industry. This also resulted in Anushka Shetty opting out of the project. Art director Thota Tharani signed the new version of the project, thus replacing Sabu Cyril, who worked in the old version. Costume designer Eka Lakhani travelled to Thanjavur temples to study sculptures, meet weavers, and understand the heritage before starting the process of designing.
Pre-production
Ratnam announced that the film's shoot would take place across Tamil Nadu and Thailand, and as per his advice, several actors from the film including Vikram, Jayam Ravi, Karthi grew their hair long for their roles in the film. In October 2019, Ashwin Kakumanu announced his inclusion in the project. Actor Lal, shared a picture of him along with Ratnam, raising expectations about the film. He further confirmed his inclusion, stating that he will play the role of an aged warrior in the film. Prior to the film's shoot, Ratnam went on a location recce across Thailand, and a few reports stated on choosing Thailand as the primary spot, since its rich forests and the temples there resemble the 10th-century feel in which the story is set. Another major change in the film's cast happened, with Amala Paul and Keerthy Suresh opting out of the film. While the former, stated call sheet issues as the reason, the latter cited the she was roped in for Annaatthe. However, a few addition in the film's cast took place, with Trisha, Aishwarya Lekshmi and Vikram Prabhu were reportedly signed in the film.
Characters
The story thread of Ponniyin Selvan spans years and more than 50 characters, with 15 principal roles. The older version of Ratnam's film adaptation had Vijay playing Vallavaraiyan Vandiyadevan one of the two protagonists and Mahesh Babu playing the other protagonist role of Arulmozhivarman alias Rajaraja I alias Ponniyin Selvan, after whom the novel is named. After the project was revived, the roles went to Karthi and Jayam Ravi respectively. It was later reported that Rai will play dual roles in the film, as Nandini, the main antagonist of the novel, and her mute mother, queen Mandakini Devi. For his role as Azhwarkadiyan Nambi, Jayaram was sported a bald look in the film. Trisha would essay the role of Kundavai alias Illaiya Piratti. For the role of Poonguzhali, Aishwarya Lekshmi learnt rowing, as the character Poonguzhali is a boat woman in the novel. Post shooting being suspended due to lockdown, Trisha trained in horse-riding at the Madras School of Equitation during October–November 2020. Both Jayam Ravi and Karthi, confirmed their characters playing in the film.
Filming
Budget
Ponniyin Selvan was originally planned as a single film with a budget of . Later, it was split into two parts that were to be shot back-to-back, with some sources reporting that ₹500 crore budget was spread across two parts.
Principal photography
Principal photography began on 11 December 2019 at Krabi, Kanchanaburi and other places in Thailand, where the crew planned its shooting schedule for 40 days. After completing the first schedule in January 2020, the team planned to shoot the second schedule in Chennai, but later moved to Puducherry. The second schedule of shooting took place on 3 February in Puducherry, and completed within six days. The team then moved to Hyderabad for the next schedule, on 10 February, where the entire team planned to shoot at Ramoji Film City. The second schedule was wrapped up on 26 February. It was reported that, Karthi faced an accident while he was shooting in Hyderabad, where he was thrown up in the air, while riding a horse, however he faced only minor injuries. , the makers shot the major portion of the film for 90 days before shooting being interrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In January 2020, it was reported that the film would be split into two parts, which was confirmed by Mani Ratnam in April 2020.
In September 2020, Ratnam eventually planned to resume the shooting at Sri Lanka, but due to restrictions on international travel, it was difficult for the team to get permission from the officials to resume filming, and therefore decided to shoot major portions of the film in India. Ratnam wanted to shoot major portions in Hyderabad, Jaisalmer, Jaipur, Madhya Pradesh and many prominent locations across India. Although the team eventually planned for filming in mid-November, he decided against doing so, lamenting that despite government permitting film shootings, it was advised that the film's shooting must have minimal crew members, with not more than 75 people working on the film. Ratnam stated that since 500 people will be featured in the film's shoot, it is difficult for shooting in mid-2020. On 10 December, a minor schedule of the film took place in Pollachi, featuring the lead actors. The team stated that the major schedule of the film will take place in January 2021, and was touted to be the biggest schedule, which will be wrapped up in a single stretch. Vikram was reported to be present in the schedule, after completing the shoot for Cobra (2022). After a nine-month long hiatus, the shooting for the film resumed on 6 January 2021 at Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad. The major schedule featured the attendance of Sarathkumar, Rai, Trisha, Rahman, Prakash Raj, Parthiban and Mohan Raman.
On 3 February 2021, the makers shot for a special number featuring Trisha and 250 other artists at a huge set constructed at Ramoji Film City. The art direction team, supervised by Thotta Tharani, had constructed five huge sets in the shooting location. According to the executive producer Siva Ananth, the lead cast members began shooting for the portions in Hyderabad, excluding Vikram, who earlier shot for the portions in January, and was reported to join the sets in between a brief break during the schedule. After filming for a schedule ended in March, the next schedule was to start in May; by 23 April, it was delayed to June due to a spike in COVID-19 cases. Plans to shoot in North Indian states during that time was changed to instead shoot in Chennai and Hyderabad. In mid-June 2021, it was announced that shooting would only resume once there were fewer COVID-19 cases.
Filming resumed in July 2021 at Puducherry. In August, the team went to Madhya Pradesh for location scouting, so that they can shoot the pending portions, and later resumed the shoot in Orchha and Gwalior. By late-August, Jayam Ravi and Vikram had completed their portions for both the parts in the film. The team then moved to Maheshwar for another schedule which majorly focuses on Karthi and Trisha. On 4 September, Rahman confirmed that he completed his portions. The team had begun shooting in Pollachi for a song sequence, in the middle of the month. The team moved to Pollachi and then to Mysore to shoot some sequences. It was reported that Karthi joined shooting in Pollachi and Ashwin Kakamanu joined shooting in Mysore. Karthi finished shooting for his portions on 16 September 2021. On 18 September, Ratnam confirmed that the entire shooting of the first part has been wrapped, except for few sequences in the second part. In March 2022 Jayam Ravi and Karthi shot a small patchwork in Mumbai. The remaining patchwork of the second part was shot in January 2023.
Post-production
Dubbing
The dubbing for the film started on 27 September 2021. Vikram dubbed for himself for five languages for the film, in Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada, but only in the trailer. Both Jayam Ravi and Karthi dubbed for the Tamil and the Telugu versions of the film.
Editing
Scenes removed from the film during the editing stage included the "Sol" song featuring Trisha and Sobhita Dhulipala, as well as sequences featuring Vijay Yesudas and Kathadi Ramamurthy, who portrayed Kudandai Josiyar.
Music
The film score and soundtrack for both films were composed by Mani Ratnam's regular collaborator A. R. Rahman. The audio rights of the film were purchased by Tips.
Lawsuits
In September 2021, the Animal Welfare Board of India (AWBI) filed a lawsuit against Mani Ratnam in connection with the death of a horse allegedly during the film's shooting in Hyderabad in August 2021. An official from the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) India, complained to the local officials against Ratnam, his production house Madras Talkies and the owner of the horse under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act and Indian Penal Code (IPC), saying that several horses were continuously used for hours at the film set due to which the animals were tired and dehydrated. Khushboo Gupta, the Indian Chief Advocatory Officer from PETA raised objections against Mani Ratnam saying that "In the age of computer-generated imagery (CGI), production companies have no excuse for forcing exhausted horses to play at war until one of them drops dead" and felt that "Compassionate, forward-thinking filmmakers would never dream of hauling sensitive animals to a chaotic movie set and forcing them to 'act.
References
Ponniyin Selvan: I and II
Ponniyin Selvan: I and II
Ponniyin Selvan: I and II |
17873653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Smoker | Paul Smoker | Paul Alva Smoker (May 8, 1941 – May 14, 2016) was an American composer and jazz trumpeter.
Music career
Smoker was born in Muncie, Indiana, grew up in Davenport, Iowa, and moved to Chicago to play professionally. He worked there in the 1960s, playing with Bobby Christian among others. He took his doctorate at the University of Iowa in 1974, and taught at Coe College from 1976 to 1990, as well as for shorter periods at the University of Iowa, the University of Northern Iowa, and the University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh.
In the 1980s and 1990s, Smoker worked with musicians such as Anthony Braxton, Gregg Bendian, Damon Short, Randy McKean, and Phil Haynes. He was a member of Joint Venture, who recorded for Enja Records in the late 1980s and early 1990s. His records issued on CIMP in the 1990s feature sidemen such as Vinny Golia, Ken Filiano, and Steve Salerno.
Outside of jazz, Smoker was also involved in the performance of contemporary classical music, in his university capacities and with the SOMA ensemble. He worked out of upstate New York from 1990.
He died on May 14, 2016, in Pittsford, New York, at the age of 75.
Discography
As leader
Mississippi River Rat (Sound Aspects, 1984)
Alone (Sound Aspects, 1986)
Come Rain or Come Shine (Sound Aspects, 1986)
Genuine Fables (Hathut, 1988)
Halloween '96 (CIMP, 1996)
Standard Deviation (CIMP, 1998)
Large Music, Vol. 1 (CIMP, 2000)
Large Music, Vol. 2 (CIMP, 2001)
Mirabile Dictu (CIMP, 2001)
Brass Reality (Nine Winds, 2002)
Duocity in Brass & Wood (Cadence, 2003)
Halloween, the Sequel (Nine Winds)
As sideman
With Marshall Allen
PoZest (CIMP, 2000)
With Anthony Braxton
Ensemble (Victoriaville) 1988 (Victo, 1988 [1992])
Nine Compositions (Hill) 2000 (CIMP, 2001)
References
External links
Official website
1941 births
2016 deaths
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Musicians from Indiana
American male jazz musicians |
4384845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byrrhoidea | Byrrhoidea | Byrrhoidea is a superfamily of beetles belonging to Elateriformia that includes several families which are either aquatic or associated with a semi-aquatic habitat. Other than the superfamily Hydrophiloidea, most of the remaining Polyphagan beetles which are aquatic are in this superfamily.
Description
Adults of many Byrrhoidea have exocone eyes (with expanded corneal lens). The anterior edge of the scutellar shield is often abruptly elevated (except in Psephenidae and Cneoglossidae). A variety of byrrhoids have the first three abdominal ventrites solidly fused together.
Larvae of most Limnichidae have one pair of anal hooks on the tenth abdominal segment, while Cneoglossidae and Ptilodactylidae have three or more hooks on each side of this segment. Larvae of Lutrochidae and Elmidae, as well as the limnichid genus Hyphalus, have anal gill tufts. Almost all byrrhoid larvae have anterior abdominal spiracles that are biforous (or bilabiate) in shape.
The degree of wing development varies among Byrrhoidea, with macroptery (wings fully developed), brachyptery (wings reduced), microptery (wings reduced to small remnants) and aptery (no wings) all occurring in the superfamily. Within family Elmidae, subfamily Larainae has only macropterous wings, while other wing types are common in subfamily Elminae. Within family Dryopidae, the genera with aquatic or semiaquatic adults are almost always macropterous, while genera with terrestrial adults are almost always apterous and the subterranean Stygoparnus is micropterous.
Ecology
Byrrhoids mainly occur in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, including rapid cool streams, underneath rocks and wood in flowing water, waterside vegetation and rocks, emergent vegetation in water, damp soil and sandy shorelines. The Dryopidae are notable in that while their adults live in or near water, their larvae are usually terrestrial.
Byrrhoids are generally herbivorous, feeding on algae, moss, liverworts, lichens or grass roots.
Phylogeny
Byrrhoidea in its current state may not be monophyletic. Multiple studies have found Buprestoidea to be nested within it. Recent phylogenies have split out the grouping Dryopoidea, including Dryopidae, Elmidae, Limnichidae, Heteroceridae, Chelonariidae, Eulichadidae, Callirphidae, Ptilodactylidae and the extinct family Mastigocoleidae., with phylogenies finding the group more closely related to Elateroidea than to Byrhhidae.
References
External links
Beetle superfamilies |
5623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal | Canal | Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure, and can be thought of as artificial rivers.
In most cases, a canal has a series of dams and locks that create reservoirs of low speed current flow. These reservoirs are referred to as slack water levels, often just called levels. A canal can be called a navigation canal when it parallels a natural river and shares part of the latter's discharges and drainage basin, and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley.
A canal can cut across a drainage divide atop a ridge, generally requiring an external water source above the highest elevation. The best-known example of such a canal is the Panama Canal.
Many canals have been built at elevations, above valleys and other waterways. Canals with sources of water at a higher level can deliver water to a destination such as a city where water is needed. The Roman Empire's aqueducts were such water supply canals.
The term was once used to describe linear features seen on the surface of Mars, Martian canals, an optical illusion.
Types of artificial waterways
A navigation is a series of channels that run roughly parallel to the valley and stream bed of an unimproved river. A navigation always shares the drainage basin of the river. A vessel uses the calm parts of the river itself as well as improvements, traversing the same changes in height.
A true canal is a channel that cuts across a drainage divide, making a navigable channel connecting two different drainage basins.
Structures used in artificial waterways
Both navigations and canals use engineered structures to improve navigation:
weirs and dams to raise river water levels to usable depths;
looping descents to create a longer and gentler channel around a stretch of rapids or falls;
locks to allow ships and barges to ascend/descend.
Since they cut across drainage divides, canals are more difficult to construct and often need additional improvements, like viaducts and aqueducts to bridge waters over streams and roads, and ways to keep water in the channel.
Types of canals
There are two broad types of canal:
Waterways: canals and navigations used for carrying vessels transporting goods and people. These can be subdivided into two kinds:
Those connecting existing lakes, rivers, other canals or seas and oceans.
Those connected in a city network: such as the Canal Grande and others of Venice; the grachten of Amsterdam or Utrecht, and the waterways of Bangkok.
Aqueducts: water supply canals that are used for the conveyance and delivery of potable water, municipal uses, hydro power canals and agriculture irrigation.
Importance
Historically, canals were of immense importance to commerce and the development, growth and vitality of a civilization. In 1855 the Lehigh Canal carried over 1.2 million tons of anthracite coal; by the 1930s the company which built and operated it over a century pulled the plug. The few canals still in operation in our modern age are a fraction of the numbers that once fueled and enabled economic growth, indeed were practically a prerequisite to further urbanization and industrialization. For the movement of bulk raw materials such as coal and ores are difficult and marginally affordable without water transport. Such raw materials fueled the industrial developments and new metallurgy resulting of the spiral of increasing mechanization during 17th–20th century, leading to new research disciplines, new industries and economies of scale, raising the standard of living for any industrialized society.
The surviving canals
Most ship canals today primarily service bulk cargo and large ship transportation industries, whereas the once critical smaller inland waterways conceived and engineered as boat and barge canals have largely been supplanted and filled in, abandoned and left to deteriorate, or kept in service and staffed by state employees, where dams and locks are maintained for flood control or pleasure boating. Their replacement was gradual, beginning first in the United States in the mid-1850s where canal shipping was first augmented by, then began being replaced by using much faster, less geographically constrained & limited, and generally cheaper to maintain railways.
By the early 1880s, canals which had little ability to economically compete with rail transport, were off the map. In the next couple of decades, coal was increasingly diminished as the heating fuel of choice by oil, and growth of coal shipments leveled off. Later, after World War I when motor-trucks came into their own, the last small U.S. barge canals saw a steady decline in cargo ton-miles alongside many railways, the flexibility and steep slope climbing capability of lorries taking over cargo hauling increasingly as road networks were improved, and which also had the freedom to make deliveries well away from rail lined road beds or ditches in the dirt which could not operate in the winter.
The longest extant canal today, the Grand Canal in northern China, still remains in heavy use, especially the portion south of the Yellow River. It stretches from Beijing to Hangzhou at 1,794 kilometres (1,115 miles).
Construction
Canals are built in one of three ways, or a combination of the three, depending on available water and available path:
Human made streams
A canal can be created where no stream presently exists. Either the body of the canal is dug or the sides of the canal are created by making dykes or levees by piling dirt, stone, concrete or other building materials. The finished shape of the canal as seen in cross section is known as the canal prism. The water for the canal must be provided from an external source, like streams or reservoirs. Where the new waterway must change elevation engineering works like locks, lifts or elevators are constructed to raise and lower vessels. Examples include canals that connect valleys over a higher body of land, like Canal du Midi, Canal de Briare and the Panama Canal.
A canal can be constructed by dredging a channel in the bottom of an existing lake. When the channel is complete, the lake is drained and the channel becomes a new canal, serving both drainage of the surrounding polder and providing transport there. Examples include the . One can also build two parallel dikes in an existing lake, forming the new canal in between, and then drain the remaining parts of the lake. The eastern and central parts of the North Sea Canal were constructed in this way. In both cases pumping stations are required to keep the land surrounding the canal dry, either pumping water from the canal into surrounding waters, or pumping it from the land into the canal.
Canalization and navigations
A stream can be canalized to make its navigable path more predictable and easier to maneuver. Canalization modifies the stream to carry traffic more safely by controlling the flow of the stream by dredging, damming and modifying its path. This frequently includes the incorporation of locks and spillways, that make the river a navigation. Examples include the Lehigh Canal in Northeastern Pennsylvania's coal Region, Basse Saône, Canal de Mines de Fer de la Moselle, and canal Aisne. Riparian zone restoration may be required.
Lateral canals
When a stream is too difficult to modify with canalization, a second stream can be created next to or at least near the existing stream. This is called a lateral canal, and may meander in a large horseshoe bend or series of curves some distance from the source waters stream bed lengthening the effective length in order to lower the ratio of rise over run (slope or pitch). The existing stream usually acts as the water source and the landscape around its banks provide a path for the new body. Examples include the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Canal latéral à la Loire, Garonne Lateral Canal, Welland Canal and Juliana Canal.
Smaller transportation canals can carry barges or narrowboats, while ship canals allow seagoing ships to travel to an inland port (e.g., Manchester Ship Canal), or from one sea or ocean to another (e.g., Caledonian Canal, Panama Canal).
Features
At their simplest, canals consist of a trench filled with water. Depending on the stratum the canal passes through, it may be necessary to line the cut with some form of watertight material such as clay or concrete. When this is done with clay, it is known as puddling.
Canals need to be level, and while small irregularities in the lie of the land can be dealt with through cuttings and embankments, for larger deviations other approaches have been adopted. The most common is the pound lock, which consists of a chamber within which the water level can be raised or lowered connecting either two pieces of canal at a different level or the canal with a river or the sea. When there is a hill to be climbed, flights of many locks in short succession may be used.
Prior to the development of the pound lock in 984 AD in China by Chhaio Wei-Yo and later in Europe in the 15th century, either flash locks consisting of a single gate were used or ramps, sometimes equipped with rollers, were used to change the level. Flash locks were only practical where there was plenty of water available.
Locks use a lot of water, so builders have adopted other approaches for situations where little water is available. These include boat lifts, such as the Falkirk Wheel, which use a caisson of water in which boats float while being moved between two levels; and inclined planes where a caisson is hauled up a steep railway.
To cross a stream, road or valley (where the delay caused by a flight of locks at either side would be unacceptable) the valley can be spanned by a navigable aqueduct – a famous example in Wales is the Pontcysyllte Aqueduct (now a UNESCO World Heritage Site) across the valley of the River Dee.
Another option for dealing with hills is to tunnel through them. An example of this approach is the Harecastle Tunnel on the Trent and Mersey Canal. Tunnels are only practical for smaller canals.
Some canals attempted to keep changes in level down to a minimum. These canals known as contour canals would take longer, winding routes, along which the land was a uniform altitude. Other, generally later, canals took more direct routes requiring the use of various methods to deal with the change in level.
Canals have various features to tackle the problem of water supply. In cases, like the Suez Canal, the canal is open to the sea. Where the canal is not at sea level, a number of approaches have been adopted. Taking water from existing rivers or springs was an option in some cases, sometimes supplemented by other methods to deal with seasonal variations in flow. Where such sources were unavailable, reservoirs – either separate from the canal or built into its course – and back pumping were used to provide the required water. In other cases, water pumped from mines was used to feed the canal. In certain cases, extensive "feeder canals" were built to bring water from sources located far from the canal.
Where large amounts of goods are loaded or unloaded such as at the end of a canal, a canal basin may be built. This would normally be a section of water wider than the general canal. In some cases, the canal basins contain wharfs and cranes to assist with movement of goods.
When a section of the canal needs to be sealed off so it can be drained for maintenance stop planks are frequently used. These consist of planks of wood placed across the canal to form a dam. They are generally placed in pre-existing grooves in the canal bank. On more modern canals, "guard locks" or gates were sometimes placed to allow a section of the canal to be quickly closed off, either for maintenance, or to prevent a major loss of water due to a canal breach.
Canal falls
A canal fall, or canal drop, is a vertical drop in the canal bed. These are built when the natural ground slope is steeper than the desired canal gradient. They are constructed so the falling water's kinetic energy is dissipated in order to prevent it from scouring the bed and sides of the canal.
A canal fall is constructed by cut and fill. It may be combined with a regulator, bridge, or other structure to save costs.
There are various types of canal falls, based on their shape. One type is the ogee fall, where the drop follows an s-shaped curve to create a smooth transition and reduce turbulence. However, this smooth transition does not dissipate the water's kinetic energy, which leads to heavy scouring. As a result, the canal needs to be reinforced with concrete or masonry to protect it from eroding.
Another type of canal fall is the vertical fall, which is "simple and economical". These feature a "cistern", or depressed area just downstream from the fall, to "cushion" the water by providing a deep pool for its kinetic energy to be diffused in. Vertical falls work for drops of up to 1.5 m in height, and for discharge of up to 15 cubic meters per second.
History
The transport capacity of pack animals and carts is limited. A mule can carry an eighth-ton [] maximum load over a journey measured in days and weeks, though much more for shorter distances and periods with appropriate rest. Besides, carts need roads. Transport over water is much more efficient and cost-effective for large cargoes.
Ancient canals
The oldest known canals were irrigation canals, built in Mesopotamia circa 4000 BC, in what is now Iraq. The Indus Valley civilization of ancient India (circa 3000 BC) had sophisticated irrigation and storage systems developed, including the reservoirs built at Girnar in 3000 BC. This is the first time that such planned civil project had taken place in the ancient world. In Egypt, canals date back at least to the time of Pepi I Meryre (reigned 2332–2283 BC), who ordered a canal built to bypass the cataract on the Nile near Aswan.
In ancient China, large canals for river transport were established as far back as the Spring and Autumn Period (8th–5th centuries BC), the longest one of that period being the Hong Gou (Canal of the Wild Geese), which according to the ancient historian Sima Qian connected the old states of Song, Zhang, Chen, Cai, Cao, and Wei. The Caoyun System of canals was essential for imperial taxation, which was largely assessed in kind and involved enormous shipments of rice and other grains. By far the longest canal was the Grand Canal of China, still the longest canal in the world today and the oldest extant one. It is long and was built to carry the Emperor Yang Guang between Zhuodu (Beijing) and Yuhang (Hangzhou). The project began in 605 and was completed in 609, although much of the work combined older canals, the oldest section of the canal existing since at least 486 BC. Even in its narrowest urban sections it is rarely less than wide.
In the 5th century BC, Achaemenid king Xerxes I of Persia ordered the construction of the Xerxes Canal through the base of Mount Athos peninsula, Chalkidiki, northern Greece. It was constructed as part of his preparations for the Second Persian invasion of Greece, a part of the Greco-Persian Wars. It is one of the few monuments left by the Persian Empire in Europe.
Greek engineers were also among the first to use canal locks, by which they regulated the water flow in the Ancient Suez Canal as early as the 3rd century BC.
There was little experience moving bulk loads by carts, while a pack-horse would [i.e. 'could'] carry only an eighth of a ton. On a soft road a horse might be able to draw 5/8ths of a ton. But if the load were carried by a barge on a waterway, then up to 30 tons could be drawn by the same horse.— technology historian Ronald W. Clark referring to transport realities before the industrial revolution and the Canal age.
Hohokam was a society in the North American Southwest in what is now part of Arizona, United States, and Sonora, Mexico. Their irrigation systems supported the largest population in the Southwest by 1300 CE. Archaeologists working at a major archaeological dig in the 1990s in the Tucson Basin, along the Santa Cruz River, identified a culture and people that may have been the ancestors of the Hohokam. This prehistoric group occupied southern Arizona as early as 2000 BCE, and in the Early Agricultural Period grew corn, lived year-round in sedentary villages, and developed sophisticated irrigation canals.
The large-scale Hohokam irrigation network in the Phoenix metropolitan area was the most complex in ancient North America. A portion of the ancient canals has been renovated for the Salt River Project and now helps to supply the city's water.
Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, water transport was several times cheaper and faster than transport overland. Overland transport by animal drawn conveyances was used around settled areas, but unimproved roads required pack animal trains, usually of mules to carry any degree of mass, and while a mule could carry an eighth ton, it also needed teamsters to tend it and one man could only tend perhaps five mules, meaning overland bulk transport was also expensive, as men expect compensation in the form of wages, room and board. This was because long-haul roads were unpaved, more often than not too narrow for carts, much less wagons, and in poor condition, wending their way through forests, marshy or muddy quagmires as often as unimproved but dry footing. In that era, as today, greater cargoes, especially bulk goods and raw materials, could be transported by ship far more economically than by land; in the pre-railroad days of the industrial revolution, water transport was the gold standard of fast transportation. The first artificial canal in Western Europe was the Fossa Carolina built at the end of the 8th century under personal supervision of Charlemagne.
In Britain, the Glastonbury Canal is believed to be the first post-Roman canal and was built in the middle of the 10th century to link the River Brue at Northover with Glastonbury Abbey, a distance of about . Its initial purpose is believed to be the transport of building stone for the abbey, but later it was used for delivering produce, including grain, wine and fish, from the abbey's outlying properties. It remained in use until at least the 14th century, but possibly as late as the mid-16th century.More lasting and of more economic impact were canals like the Naviglio Grande built between 1127 and 1257 to connect Milan with the river Ticino. The Naviglio Grande is the most important of the lombard "navigli" and the oldest functioning canal in Europe.Later, canals were built in the Netherlands and Flanders to drain the polders and assist transportation of goods and people.
Canal building was revived in this age because of commercial expansion from the 12th century. River navigations were improved progressively by the use of single, or flash locks. Taking boats through these used large amounts of water leading to conflicts with watermill owners and to correct this, the pound or chamber lock first appeared, in the 10th century in China and in Europe in 1373 in Vreeswijk, Netherlands. Another important development was the mitre gate, which was, it is presumed, introduced in Italy by Bertola da Novate in the 16th century. This allowed wider gates and also removed the height restriction of guillotine locks.
To break out of the limitations caused by river valleys, the first summit level canals were developed with the Grand Canal of China in 581–617 AD whilst in Europe the first, also using single locks, was the Stecknitz Canal in Germany in 1398.
Africa
In the Songhai Empire of West Africa, several canals were constructed under Sunni Ali and Askia Muhammad I between Kabara and Timbuktu in the 15th century. These were used primarily for irrigation and transport. Sunni Ali also attempted to construct a canal from the Niger River to Walata to facilitate conquest of the city but his progress was halted when he went to war with the Mossi Kingdoms.
Early modern period
Around 1500–1800 the first summit level canal to use pound locks in Europe was the Briare Canal connecting the Loire and Seine (1642), followed by the more ambitious Canal du Midi (1683) connecting the Atlantic to the Mediterranean. This included a staircase of 8 locks at Béziers, a tunnel, and three major aqueducts.
Canal building progressed steadily in Germany in the 17th and 18th centuries with three great rivers, the Elbe, Oder and Weser being linked by canals. In post-Roman Britain, the first early modern period canal built appears to have been the Exeter Canal, which was surveyed in 1563, and open in 1566.
The oldest canal in the European settlements of North America, technically a mill race built for industrial purposes, is Mother Brook between the Boston, Massachusetts neighbourhoods of Dedham and Hyde Park connecting the higher waters of the Charles River and the mouth of the Neponset River and the sea. It was constructed in 1639 to provide water power for mills.
In Russia, the Volga–Baltic Waterway, a nationwide canal system connecting the Baltic Sea and Caspian Sea via the Neva and Volga rivers, was opened in 1718.
Industrial Revolution
See also: History of the British canal system
See also: History of turnpikes and canals in the United States
The modern canal system was mainly a product of the 18th century and early 19th century. It came into being because the Industrial Revolution (which began in Britain during the mid-18th century) demanded an economic and reliable way to transport goods and commodities in large quantities.
By the early 18th century, river navigations such as the Aire and Calder Navigation were becoming quite sophisticated, with pound locks and longer and longer "cuts" (some with intermediate locks) to avoid circuitous or difficult stretches of river. Eventually, the experience of building long multi-level cuts with their own locks gave rise to the idea of building a "pure" canal, a waterway designed on the basis of where goods needed to go, not where a river happened to be.
The claim for the first pure canal in Great Britain is debated between "Sankey" and "Bridgewater" supporters. The first true canal in what is now the United Kingdom was the Newry Canal in Northern Ireland constructed by Thomas Steers in 1741.
The Sankey Brook Navigation, which connected St Helens with the River Mersey, is often claimed as the first modern "purely artificial" canal because although originally a scheme to make the Sankey Brook navigable, it included an entirely new artificial channel that was effectively a canal along the Sankey Brook valley. However, "Bridgewater" supporters point out that the last quarter-mile of the navigation is indeed a canalized stretch of the Brook, and that it was the Bridgewater Canal (less obviously associated with an existing river) that captured the popular imagination and inspired further canals.
In the mid-eighteenth century the 3rd Duke of Bridgewater, who owned a number of coal mines in northern England, wanted a reliable way to transport his coal to the rapidly industrializing city of Manchester. He commissioned the engineer James Brindley to build a canal for that purpose. Brindley's design included an aqueduct carrying the canal over the River Irwell. This was an engineering wonder which immediately attracted tourists. The construction of this canal was funded entirely by the Duke and was called the Bridgewater Canal. It opened in 1761 and was the first major British canal.
The new canals proved highly successful. The boats on the canal were horse-drawn with a towpath alongside the canal for the horse to walk along. This horse-drawn system proved to be highly economical and became standard across the British canal network. Commercial horse-drawn canal boats could be seen on the UK's canals until as late as the 1950s, although by then diesel-powered boats, often towing a second unpowered boat, had become standard.
The canal boats could carry thirty tons at a time with only one horse pulling – more than ten times the amount of cargo per horse that was possible with a cart. Because of this huge increase in supply, the Bridgewater canal reduced the price of coal in Manchester by nearly two-thirds within just a year of its opening. The Bridgewater was also a huge financial success, with it earning what had been spent on its construction within just a few years.
This success proved the viability of canal transport, and soon industrialists in many other parts of the country wanted canals. After the Bridgewater canal, early canals were built by groups of private individuals with an interest in improving communications. In Staffordshire the famous potter Josiah Wedgwood saw an opportunity to bring bulky cargoes of clay to his factory doors and to transport his fragile finished goods to market in Manchester, Birmingham or further away, by water, minimizing breakages. Within just a few years of the Bridgewater's opening, an embryonic national canal network came into being, with the construction of canals such as the Oxford Canal and the Trent & Mersey Canal.
The new canal system was both cause and effect of the rapid industrialization of The Midlands and the north. The period between the 1770s and the 1830s is often referred to as the "Golden Age" of British canals.
For each canal, an Act of Parliament was necessary to authorize construction, and as people saw the high incomes achieved from canal tolls, canal proposals came to be put forward by investors interested in profiting from dividends, at least as much as by people whose businesses would profit from cheaper transport of raw materials and finished goods.
In a further development, there was often out-and-out speculation, where people would try to buy shares in a newly floated company to sell them on for an immediate profit, regardless of whether the canal was ever profitable, or even built. During this period of "canal mania", huge sums were invested in canal building, and although many schemes came to nothing, the canal system rapidly expanded to nearly 4,000 miles (over 6,400 kilometres) in length.
Many rival canal companies were formed and competition was rampant. Perhaps the best example was Worcester Bar in Birmingham, a point where the Worcester and Birmingham Canal and the Birmingham Canal Navigations Main Line were only seven feet apart. For many years, a dispute about tolls meant that goods travelling through Birmingham had to be portaged from boats in one canal to boats in the other.
Canal companies were initially chartered by individual states in the United States. These early canals were constructed, owned, and operated by private joint-stock companies. Four were completed when the War of 1812 broke out; these were the South Hadley Canal (opened 1795) in Massachusetts, Santee Canal (opened 1800) in South Carolina, the Middlesex Canal (opened 1802) also in Massachusetts, and the Dismal Swamp Canal (opened 1805) in Virginia. The Erie Canal (opened 1825) was chartered and owned by the state of New York and financed by bonds bought by private investors. The Erie canal runs about from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie. The Hudson River connects Albany to the Atlantic port of New York City and the Erie Canal completed a navigable water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes. The canal contains 36 locks and encompasses a total elevation differential of around 565 ft. (169 m). The Erie Canal with its easy connections to most of the U.S. mid-west and New York City soon quickly paid back all its invested capital (US$7 million) and started turning a profit. By cutting transportation costs in half or more it became a large profit center for Albany and New York City as it allowed the cheap transportation of many of the agricultural products grown in the mid west of the United States to the rest of the world. From New York City these agricultural products could easily be shipped to other U.S. states or overseas. Assured of a market for their farm products the settlement of the U.S. mid-west was greatly accelerated by the Erie Canal. The profits generated by the Erie Canal project started a canal building boom in the United States that lasted until about 1850 when railroads started becoming seriously competitive in price and convenience. The Blackstone Canal (finished in 1828) in Massachusetts and Rhode Island fulfilled a similar role in the early industrial revolution between 1828 and 1848. The Blackstone Valley was a major contributor of the American Industrial Revolution where Samuel Slater built his first textile mill.
Power canals
See also: Power canal
A power canal refers to a canal used for hydraulic power generation, rather than for transport. Nowadays power canals are built almost exclusively as parts of hydroelectric power stations. Parts of the United States, particularly in the Northeast, had enough fast-flowing rivers that water power was the primary means of powering factories (usually textile mills) until after the American Civil War. For example, Lowell, Massachusetts, considered to be "The Cradle of the American Industrial Revolution," has of canals, built from around 1790 to 1850, that provided water power and a means of transportation for the city. The output of the system is estimated at 10,000 horsepower. Other cities with extensive power canal systems include Lawrence, Massachusetts, Holyoke, Massachusetts, Manchester, New Hampshire, and Augusta, Georgia. The most notable power canal was built in 1862 for the Niagara Falls Hydraulic Power and Manufacturing Company.
19th century
Competition, from railways from the 1830s and roads in the 20th century, made the smaller canals obsolete for most commercial transport, and many of the British canals fell into decay. Only the Manchester Ship Canal and the Aire and Calder Canal bucked this trend. Yet in other countries canals grew in size as construction techniques improved. During the 19th century in the US, the length of canals grew from to over 4,000, with a complex network making the Great Lakes navigable, in conjunction with Canada, although some canals were later drained and used as railroad rights-of-way.
In the United States, navigable canals reached into isolated areas and brought them in touch with the world beyond. By 1825 the Erie Canal, long with 36 locks, opened up a connection from the populated Northeast to the Great Lakes. Settlers flooded into regions serviced by such canals, since access to markets was available. The Erie Canal (as well as other canals) was instrumental in lowering the differences in commodity prices between these various markets across America. The canals caused price convergence between different regions because of their reduction in transportation costs, which allowed Americans to ship and buy goods from farther distances much cheaper. Ohio built many miles of canal, Indiana had working canals for a few decades, and the Illinois and Michigan Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River system until replaced by a channelized river waterway.
Three major canals with very different purposes were built in what is now Canada. The first Welland Canal, which opened in 1829 between Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, bypassing Niagara Falls and the Lachine Canal (1825), which allowed ships to skirt the nearly impassable rapids on the St. Lawrence River at Montreal, were built for commerce. The Rideau Canal, completed in 1832, connects Ottawa on the Ottawa River to Kingston, Ontario on Lake Ontario. The Rideau Canal was built as a result of the War of 1812 to provide military transportation between the British colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada as an alternative to part of the St. Lawrence River, which was susceptible to blockade by the United States.
In France, a steady linking of all the river systems – Rhine, Rhône, Saône and Seine – and the North Sea was boosted in 1879 by the establishment of the Freycinet gauge, which specified the minimum size of locks. Canal traffic doubled in the first decades of the 20th century.
Many notable sea canals were completed in this period, starting with the Suez Canal (1869) – which carries tonnage many times that of most other canals – and the Kiel Canal (1897), though the Panama Canal was not opened until 1914.
In the 19th century, a number of canals were built in Japan including the Biwako canal and the Tone canal. These canals were partially built with the help of engineers from the Netherlands and other countries.
A major question was how to connect the Atlantic and the Pacific with a canal through narrow Central America. (The Panama Railroad opened in 1855.) The original proposal was for a sea-level canal through what is today Nicaragua, taking advantage of the relatively large Lake Nicaragua. This canal has never been built in part because of political instability, which scared off potential investors. It remains an active project (the geography has not changed), and in the 2010s Chinese involvement was developing.
The second choice for a Central American canal was a Panama canal. The De Lessups company, which ran the Suez Canal, first attempted to build a Panama Canal in the 1880s. The difficulty of the terrain and weather (rain) encountered caused the company to go bankrupt. High worker mortality from disease also discouraged further investment in the project. DeLessup's abandoned excavating equipment sits, isolated decaying machines, today tourist attractions.
Twenty years later, an expansionist United States, that just acquired colonies after defeating Spain in the 1898 Spanish–American War, and whose Navy became more important, decided to reactivate the project. The United States and Colombia did not reach agreement on the terms of a canal treaty (see Hay–Herrán Treaty). Panama, which did not have (and still does not have) a land connection with the rest of Colombia, was already thinking of independence. In 1903 the United States, with support from Panamanians who expected the canal to provide substantial wages, revenues, and markets for local goods and services, took Panama province away from Colombia, and set up a puppet republic (Panama). Its currency, the Balboa – a name that suggests the country began as a way to get from one hemisphere to the other – was a replica of the US dollar. The US dollar was and remains legal tender (used as currency). A U.S. military zone, the Canal Zone, wide, with U.S. military stationed there (bases, 2 TV stations, channels 8 and 10, Pxs, a U.S.-style high school), split Panama in half. The Canal – a major engineering project – was built. The U.S. did not feel that conditions were stable enough to withdraw until 1979. The withdrawal from Panama contributed to President Jimmy Carter's defeat in 1980.
Modern uses
Large-scale ship canals such as the Panama Canal and Suez Canal continue to operate for cargo transportation, as do European barge canals. Due to globalization, they are becoming increasingly important, resulting in expansion projects such as the Panama Canal expansion project. The expanded canal began commercial operation on 26 June 2016. The new set of locks allow transit of larger, Post-Panamax and New Panamax ships.
The narrow early industrial canals, however, have ceased to carry significant amounts of trade and many have been abandoned to navigation, but may still be used as a system for transportation of untreated water. In some cases railways have been built along the canal route, an example being the Croydon Canal.
A movement that began in Britain and France to use the early industrial canals for pleasure boats, such as hotel barges, has spurred rehabilitation of stretches of historic canals. In some cases, abandoned canals such as the Kennet and Avon Canal have been restored and are now used by pleasure boaters. In Britain, canalside housing has also proven popular in recent years.
The Seine–Nord Europe Canal is being developed into a major transportation waterway, linking France with Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands.
Canals have found another use in the 21st century, as easements for the installation of fibre optic telecommunications network cabling, avoiding having them buried in roadways while facilitating access and reducing the hazard of being damaged from digging equipment.
Canals are still used to provide water for agriculture. An extensive canal system exists within the Imperial Valley in the Southern California desert to provide irrigation to agriculture within the area.
Cities on water
Canals are so deeply identified with Venice that many canal cities have been nicknamed "the Venice of…". The city is built on marshy islands, with wooden piles supporting the buildings, so that the land is man-made rather than the waterways. The islands have a long history of settlement; by the 12th century, Venice was a powerful city state.
Amsterdam was built in a similar way, with buildings on wooden piles. It became a city around 1300. Many Amsterdam canals were built as part of fortifications. They became grachten when the city was enlarged and houses were built alongside the water. Its nickname as the "Venice of the North" is shared with Hamburg of Germany, St. Petersburg of Russia and Bruges of Belgium.
Suzhou was dubbed the "Venice of the East" by Marco Polo during his travels there in the 13th century, with its modern canalside Pingjiang Road and Shantang Street becoming major tourist attractions. Other nearby cities including Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Nantong, Taizhou, Yangzhou, and Changzhou are located along the lower mouth of the Yangtze River and Lake Tai, yet another source of small rivers and creeks, which have been canalized and developed for centuries.
Other cities with extensive canal networks include: Alkmaar, Amersfoort, Bolsward, Brielle, Delft, Den Bosch, Dokkum, Dordrecht, Enkhuizen, Franeker, Gouda, Haarlem, Harlingen, Leeuwarden, Leiden, Sneek and Utrecht in the Netherlands; Brugge and Gent in Flanders, Belgium; Birmingham in England; Saint Petersburg in Russia; Bydgoszcz, Gdańsk, Szczecin and Wrocław in Poland; Aveiro in Portugal; Hamburg and Berlin in Germany; Fort Lauderdale and Cape Coral in Florida, United States, Wenzhou in China, Cần Thơ in Vietnam, Bangkok in Thailand, and Lahore in Pakistan.
Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City was a UNESCO World Heritage Site near the centre of Liverpool, England, where a system of intertwining waterways and docks is now being developed for mainly residential and leisure use.
Canal estates (sometimes known as bayous in the United States) are a form of subdivision popular in cities like Miami, Florida, Texas City, Texas and the Gold Coast, Queensland; the Gold Coast has over 890 km of residential canals. Wetlands are difficult areas upon which to build housing estates, so dredging part of the wetland down to a navigable channel provides fill to build up another part of the wetland above the flood level for houses. Land is built up in a finger pattern that provides a suburban street layout of waterfront housing blocks.
Boats
Inland canals have often had boats specifically built for them. An example of this is the British narrowboat, which is up to long and wide and was primarily built for British Midland canals. In this case the limiting factor was the size of the locks. This is also the limiting factor on the Panama canal where Panamax ships were limited to a length of and a beam of until 26 June 2016 when the opening of larger locks allowed for the passage of larger New Panamax ships. For the lockless Suez Canal the limiting factor for Suezmax ships is generally draft, which is limited to . At the other end of the scale, tub-boat canals such as the Bude Canal were limited to boats of under 10 tons for much of their length due to the capacity of their inclined planes or boat lifts. Most canals have a limit on height imposed either by bridges or by tunnels.
Lists of canals
Africa
Bahr Yussef
El Salam Canal Egypt
Ibrahimiya Canal Egypt
Mahmoudiyah Canal Egypt
Suez Canal Egypt
Asia
see List of canals in India
see List of canals in Pakistan
see History of canals in China
Europe
Danube–Black Sea Canal (Romania)
North Crimean Canal (Ukraine)
Canals of France
Canals of Amsterdam
Canals of Germany
Canals of Ireland
Canals of Russia
Canals of the United Kingdom
List of canals in the United Kingdom
Great Bačka Canal (Serbia)
North America
Canals of Canada
Canals of the United States
Lists of proposed canals
Eurasia Canal
Istanbul Canal
Nicaragua Canal
Salwa Canal
Thai Canal
Sulawesi Canal
Two Seas Canal
Northern river reversal
Balkan Canal or Danube–Morava–Vardar–Aegean Canal
Iranrud
See also
Barges of all types
Beaver, a non-human animal also known for canal building
Canal elevator
Calle canal
Canal & River Trust
Canal tunnel
Channel
Ditch
Environment Agency
History of the British canal system
Horse-drawn boat
Infrastructure
Irrigation district
Lists of canals
List of navigation authorities in the United Kingdom
List of waterways
List of waterway societies in the United Kingdom
Lock
Mooring
Navigable aqueduct
Navigation authority
Narrowboat
Power canal
Proposed canals
River
Ship canal
Tow path
Roman canals – (Torksey)
Volumetric flow rate
Water bridge
Waterscape
Water transportation
Waterway
Waterway restoration
Waterways in the United Kingdom
Weigh lock
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
British Waterways' leisure website – Britain's official guide to canals, rivers and lakes
Leeds Liverpool Canal Photographic Guide
Information and Boater's Guide to the New York State Canal System
"Canals and Navigable Rivers" by James S. Aber, Emporia State University
National Canal Museum (US)
London Canal Museum (UK)
Canals in Amsterdam
Canal du Midi
Canal des Deux Mers
Canal flow measurement using a sensor.
Coastal construction
Water transport infrastructure
Artificial bodies of water
Infrastructure |
12105106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecht%20Ski%20Centre | Lecht Ski Centre | The Lecht Ski Centre is an alpine ski area in the Cairngorms in the Scottish Highlands. The ski slopes are set around the mountains Beinn a' Chruinnich, 2,552 ft (778 m) and Meikle Corr Riabhach, 2556 ft (779 m).
The Lecht is the smallest ski area in Scotland in terms of area, number of runs and vertical drop and as such is the most suitable for beginners. 15 lifts provide access to 23 groomed pistes. The smooth, grassy terrain of Beinn a' Chruinnich and Meikle Corr Riabhach often allows the Lecht, despite the modest summit elevation, to provide snow sports with marginal snow cover when other ski areas in Scotland, with more mountainous terrain, may be closed.
The ski centre has been operating since the mid 1970s. Prior to the acquisition of snow blowers in the late 1970s a small portable ski tow, giving approximately 200 feet (60 metres) of ski run, was often set up in the fields across from the Allargue Arms Hotel near Corgarff just below the snow gates. The Lecht Ski Centre has since grown into a year-round mountain activity centre. A new purpose built ski in-ski out day lodge at the bottom of the ski slopes offers a ski equipment rental department, a ski shop selling equipment and clothes, a ski school, cafe, bar and restaurant. The lodge is available for business meetings, private functions and weddings.
The ski centre is situated on the slopes above the A939 road between Cock Bridge and Tomintoul. This road is one of the highest main roads in the United Kingdom, navigating several mountain passes and rising to an elevation of 2090 ft (637m) at the Lecht. Local folklore has it that the road is blocked by snow between October and June. Whilst this is obviously exaggerated, the traditional heralding of the Scottish winter occurs when the road is first blocked and this is usually reported in the national news.
External links
Allargue Arms Hotel
Lecht Ski Centre
Cairngorms Park Info and Accommodation site
BBC Travel Site
Snowreport on Winterhighland
Ski areas and resorts in Scotland
Sports venues in Scotland
Resorts in the United Kingdom |
55103570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20the%20Netherlands%20Antilles | Islam in the Netherlands Antilles | Islam is a minority religion in the Netherlands Antilles. There are about 2,500 Muslims in the Islands, 1000 of which are in the Caribbean Netherlands, or 0.31% of the population. Most Muslims are emigrants from Lebanon, Syria and Suriname.
History
Muslims began to reach the islands during colonial times as workers, from African countries then from the Indian subcontinent. Then there was a wave of Muslims coming from Lebanon, Syria and Iraq as well as some indigenous people who converted to Islam. In 1982 there were about 2000 Muslims.
Islamic centers
The majority of the Islam community is located on Curaçao where is the only mosque: Omar bin Al-Khattab Mosque, with its imam Sheikh Yakubu Mohammed. There are other Islamic centers including:
Bonaire Islamic Center, Kaya Hanchi Amboina, Bonaire
Curaçao Islamic Center, Weg Naar Welgelegen # 6, Island of Curaçao, Willemstad
Sint Maarten Islamic Center, Puma Road 26, Philipsburg
Muslim Gemeente Curaçao, Weg Naar Welgelegen 6, Curaçao, Willemstad
Muslim Student Association, University Of Sint Eustatius School Of Medicine, Oranjestad, ST EUSTATIUS
Sint Eustatius Islamic Foundation, Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius
See also
Islam in the Netherlands
Islam in Aruba
References
Dutch Antillean culture
Netherlands Antilles
Islam in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Netherland Antilles
Netherland Antilles |
6044440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Penfold | John Penfold | John Wornham Penfold (3 December 1828 – 5 July 1909) was a surveyor and architect born in Haslemere, Surrey where he is also buried. The house in which he once lived, "Penfolds", is still to be found near the centre of the town.
Penfold did his articles with Thomas Talbot Bury and Charles Lee between 1845 and 1850. Following his articles he worked for William Burn, before striking out to his own practice at Charlotte Row, Mansion House, London in 1854.
During his career Penfold was made President of the Architectural Association School of Architecture (1859–1860) and an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects, becoming a fellow in 1881. He was a founding member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and its Honorary Secretary from 1868 to 1904.
Penfold designed the hexagonal British post box in 1866, now known as a Penfold box.
Trivia
In the cartoon series Danger Mouse, DM's sidekick is named Penfold after J.W. Penfold, since the duo's secret hideout was in a post box in Baker Street. However, Danger Mouse and Penfold's hideout was not a Penfold box, but an Anonymous box.
References and sources
Notes
Sources
In memory of John Penfold
1828 births
1909 deaths
People from Haslemere
Associates of the Royal Institute of British Architects |
24007726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crochu%20River | Crochu River | The Crochu River is a river of Grenada.
See also
List of rivers of Grenada
References
GEOnet Names Server
Grenada map
Rivers of Grenada |
3719593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackpool%20North%20and%20Cleveleys%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 | Blackpool North and Cleveleys (UK Parliament constituency) | Blackpool North and Cleveleys is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Paul Maynard, a Conservative.
Further to the completion of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, the seat will be subject to major boundary changes, with four Borough of Blackpool wards being transferred to an expanded Blackpool South. To compensate, the constituency will take in the rest of the Thornton-Cleveleys conurbation, as well as the town of Fleetwood to the north. As a consequence, the constituency will revert to being named Blackpool North and Fleetwood, to be first contested at the next general election.
Constituency profile
The seat covers residential suburbs of the seaside town of Blackpool, and the Thornton-Cleveleys conurbation further north. Residents are slightly less wealthy than the UK average.
History
The seat was created by the Boundary Commission for England following its review of parliamentary representation in Lancashire.
Boundaries
The Borough of Blackpool wards of Anchorsholme, Bispham, Claremont, Greenlands, Ingthorpe, Layton, Norbreck, Park, and Warbreck, and the Borough of Wyre wards of Bourne, Cleveleys Park, Jubilee, and Victoria.
Following the review of parliamentary boundaries, the previous seat of Blackpool North and Fleetwood was abolished. The new seat connects Blackpool's northern half with Cleveleys in Wyre.
The twin Wyre communities of Thornton and Cleveleys are now split between two constituencies. Cleveleys is the closer of the two to the Blackpool border, and encroaches on near neighbour Poulton-le-Fylde, which moves to Wyre and Preston North.
Members of Parliament
Elections
Elections in the 2010s
See also
List of parliamentary constituencies in Lancashire
Notes
References
External links
nomis Constituency Profile for Blackpool North and Cleveleys, presenting data from the ONS annual population survey and other official statistics
Politics of Blackpool
Parliamentary constituencies in North West England
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 2010 |
1584141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tour%20de%20France%20Femmes | Tour de France Femmes | The Tour de France Femmes () is an annual women's cycle stage race around France. It is organised by Amaury Sport Organization (ASO), which also runs the Tour de France. It is part of the UCI Women's World Tour.
Some teams and media have referred to the race as a 'Grand Tour', as it is one of the biggest events on the women's calendar. However, the race does not meet the UCI definition of such an event.
After a one off event in 1955, an equivalent race to the Tour de France for women was held under different names between 1984 and 2009. Over the years, these races struggled with financial difficulties, limited media coverage, sexism and trademark issues with the organisers of the Tour de France. Following criticism by campaigners and the professional women's peloton, a one/two day race (La Course by Le Tour de France) was held between 2014 and 2021, and Tour de France Femmes staged its first edition in 2022.
The race takes place in July in the week after the men's tour, with the 2022 and 2023 editions of the race featuring eight stages.
All stages are timed to the finish; the riders' times are compounded with their previous stage times. The rider with the lowest cumulative finishing times is the leader of the race and wears the yellow jersey (maillot jaune). While the general classification garners the most attention, there are other contests held within the Tour: the points classification for the sprinters, the mountains classification for the climbers, young rider classification for riders under the age of 23, and the team classification, based on the first three finishers from each team on each stage. Achieving a stage win also provides prestige, often accomplished by a team's sprint specialist or a rider taking part in a breakaway.
Historic French races
Various professional women's cycle stage races across France have been held as an equivalent to the Tour de France for women, with the first of these races staged as a one off in 1955. From 1984, a women's Tour de France was staged consistently, although the name of the event changed several times - such as Tour de France Féminin, Tour of the EEC Women, Tour Cycliste Féminin and Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale.
Over the years, these races struggled with financial difficulties, limited media coverage, sexism and trademark issues with the organisers Amaury Sport Organisation (the organisers of the Tour de France). The last of these races took place in 2009, with Emma Pooley joking that the race was "more of a Petite Boucle than Grande."
La Course by Le Tour de France
In 2013, professional cyclists Kathryn Bertine, Marianne Vos and Emma Pooley and professional triathlete Chrissie Wellington formed an activist group called Le Tour Entier (“the whole tour”), to petition ASO to launch a women's Tour de France.
Following substantial media coverage, and a petition signed by over 100,000 people, ASO launched La Course by Tour de France in 2014. This race would be held in conjunction with the Tour de France, with the first edition taking place as a one-day race on the Champs-Élysées in advance of the final stage of the men's race. In subsequent years, the race took place in a variety of locations such as Pau, Col de la Colombière and Col d'Izoard in conjunction with the men's race, as the ASO argued that this was the "best way to shine a light on female cycling".
The race was initially praised for the exposure gained by 'sharing the stage' with the Tour de France, however La Course was criticised for not being a "full Tour de France", being overshadowed by the men's race and not having a challenging enough parcours. ASO were also criticised for not doing enough to promote the race, as well as not providing facilities for the women's peloton at the 2017 edition.
Pushing back on criticism, ASO stated that logistical issues mean that a men's and women's Tour de France would not be able to be staged simultaneously, and that any race must be financially sustainable.
Tour de France Femmes
In June 2021, ASO announced that they would launch a new women's stage race, Tour de France Femmes. The first edition would take place over 8 days, following the 2022 Tour de France in July 2022. ASO also announced that Zwift would sponsor the race, with live television coverage provided by France Télévisions in conjunction with the European Broadcasting Union. The men's tour director, Christian Prudhomme stated that lessons must be learned from the failure of previous events like the Grande Boucle Féminine Internationale, and the goal of ASO is to have a financially sustainable event, one "that will still exist in 100 years".
The reaction to the launch of the event from the professional women's peloton was overwhelmingly positive, with Anna van der Breggen stating that it has "long been a dream for many of us to compete in a women's Tour de France" and Cecilie Uttrup Ludwig stating that "this is a day that we’ve waited for, for a long time".
The race has identical classifications to the Tour de France, with the yellow jersey for the general classification, the green jersey for the points classification, the polka dot jersey for the mountains classification, and the white jersey for the young rider (under 23) classification. The jerseys are made by Santini. Main sponsor Zwift have stated that the success of the women's 'virtual Tour de France' during the COVID-19 pandemic encouraged them to commit to sponsoring the race, with other major Tour de France sponsors like LCL, E.Leclerc and Škoda also supporting the event. The race has a prize fund of €250,000, making it the richest race in women's cycling.
2022 edition
The route of the 2022 edition was announced in October 2021 by race director Marion Rousse. The race started in Paris, with a stage finishing the Champs-Élysées on the morning of the final day of the men's race. The 8 day race culminated in a summit finish at La Planche des Belles Filles.
The first edition of the race took place in July 2022, with Annemiek van Vleuten winning the week long race by nearly 4 minutes, despite suffering from a stomach bug in the early stages of the race. Marianne Vos took the green jersey of the points classification and Demi Vollering took the polka dot jersey of the mountain classification, as well as finishing second overall. The race was highly praised by the public, media, teams and riders - with large crowds and high TV viewership. As the first official women's Tour de France since 1989, the race enjoyed substantial media coverage around the world. Race director Marion Rousse did note that there was room for improvement in future editions, and in women's cycling more generally.
2023 edition
The route of the 2023 edition was announced in October 2022 to praise from riders. The race started in Clermont-Ferrand on the day that the 2023 Tour de France finished, before heading south across the Massif Central towards the Pyrenees. The final stage was an individual time trial in Pau. As with the 2022 edition, the race took place over 8 stages.
The race was won by Demi Vollering, beating her rival Annemiek van Vleuten with a dominant stage win on the Col du Tourmalet. Lotte Kopecky won the points classification, as well as finishing second overall. Katarzyna Niewiadoma took the polka-dot jersey as winner of the mountains classification, as well as finishing third overall. For the second year in succession, the race was praised by the public, media, teams and riders. Race director Marion Rousse stated that the 2023 edition "was the year of confirmation: we had to prove that the first edition was not just curiosity".
2024 edition
The route of the 2024 edition was announced in October 2023. Due to the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics taking place immediately after the 2024 Tour de France, the 2024 edition will not take place immediately after the men's tour. Instead, it will take place in the short gap between the Olympic Games and the 2024 Summer Paralympics. The race will have its first Grand Départ outside France, starting in Rotterdam, with three stages in the Netherlands. The route will then head south towards the Alps, with the final stage having a summit finish at the iconic Alpe d'Huez.
Winners
Yellow jersey statistics
The "Jerseys" column lists the number of days that the cyclist wore the yellow jersey; the "Tour wins" column gives the number of times the cyclist won the general classification. The next four columns indicate the number of times the rider won the points classification, the Queen of the Mountains classification, and the young rider competition, and the years in which the yellow jersey was worn, with bold years indicating an overall Tour win.
This table is updated until after the 2023 Tour de France Femmes.
Stage winners
The following is a list of riders who have won a stage of the Tour de France Femmes
This table is updated until after the 2023 Tour de France Femmes.
Starts abroad
The following editions of the Tour started, or are planned to start, outside France:
2024: Rotterdam, Netherlands
See also
Giro Donne – a stage race in Italy
La Vuelta Femenina – a stage race in Spain
Notes
References
External links
Cycle races in France
Women's road bicycle races
Femmes
Recurring sporting events established in 2022
2022 establishments in France
UCI Women's World Tour races |
32220770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadesse%20Mamechae | Tadesse Mamechae | Tadesse Mamecha (also known as Tadesse Mamecha Gebre-Tsadik, born 1941) is an Ethiopian sculptor. His most famous sculpture is "The Afar" which stands in front of the National Theater on Churchill Road.
Tadesse Mamecha studied at the Art School in Addis Ababa from 1958 to 1962. The continued his studies by attending Leningrad Academy of Arts (U.S.S.R.) from 1963 to 1970 and earned a M.A. in Fine Arts. He returned to Ethiopia and served as a teacher at the Addis Ababa Arts School.
His work has been exhibited in Addis Ababa, Sweden and Denmark. His works have been exhibited at the National Museum in Addis Ababa as recently as February 2011.
References
External links
A Chronology of 20th Century Ethiopian Art
1941 births
Ethiopian sculptors
Living people |
43388122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craie%20de%20Valognes | Craie de Valognes | The Craie de Valognes is a geologic formation in France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in France
References
Cretaceous France |
32363856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyphomyrus | Cyphomyrus | Cyphomyrus is a genus of ray-finned fish in the family Mormyridae, the freshwater elephantfishes.
Species
The following 7 species are currently assigned to this genus:
Cyphomyrus aelsbroecki
Cyphomyrus cubangoensis
Cyphomyrus discorhynchus (Zambezi parrotfish)
Cyphomyrus lufirae
Cyphomyrus macrops
Cyphomyrus psittacus
Cyphomyrus wilverthi
References
Mormyridae
Ray-finned fish genera |
40950867 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massanutten%20%28disambiguation%29 | Massanutten (disambiguation) | Massanutten, Virginia is a census-designated place in Rockingham County. Massanutten may also refer to:
Massanutton Heights, a historic home located near Luray, Page County, Virginia
Massanutten Military Academy, a military academy for grades 7–12
Massanutten Mountain, a mountain of the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians
Massanutten Trail, a National Recreation Trail in George Washington National Forest
AA Massanutten District, a defunct high school athletics conference |
40201803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scapanops | Scapanops | Scapanops is an extinct genus of dissorophid temnospondyl amphibian known from the Early Permian Nocona Formation of north-central Texas, United States. It contains only the type species Scapanops neglecta, which was named by Rainer R. Schoch and Hans-Dieter Sues in 2013. Scapanops differs from other dissorophids in having a very small skull table, which means that its eye sockets are unusually close to the back of the skull. The eye sockets are also very large and spaced far apart. Scapanops was probably small-bodied (around long) with a proportionally large head and short trunk and tail. Like other dissorophids, it probably spent most of its life on land.
Description
The only known skull of Scapanops is long. Scapanops is distinguished from other dissorophids by five unique features or autapomorphies: a large spacing between the orbits or eye sockets, giving the skull an oval-shaped outline; a very small skull table behind the orbits; a long snout twice as long as the skull table and proportionally longer than that of any other dissorophid; a jaw joint (the quadrate condyle) positioned farther forward on the skull than it is in other dissorophids; and a skull roof that is covered in small ridges, but not pits as in most other dissorophids. It shares several features (synapomorphies) with the dissorophids Conjunctio and Cacops, including and bony plates called osteoderms that are fused to the vertebrae. The osteoderms form a single row along the back. Scapanops and Conjunctio both have numerous small teeth lining their jaws, suggesting that they ate small prey. Other closely related dissorophids have fewer and larger teeth, meaning that they probably ate larger prey.
Discovery
Scapanops is known from a single holotype specimen from the Nocona Formation, which is part of the Early Permian red beds of Texas. It includes most of the skull as well as the humerus, radius, and clavicle bones, which are preserved underneath the skull. Several vertebrae, ribs, and osteoderms are also known. The fossil, now housed in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, was discovered by American paleontologist Alfred Romer on April 15, 1950 and was first mentioned in the scientific literature by paleontologist Robert L. Carroll in 1964. During this time it was thought to belong to the species Conjunctio multidens. In 2013 the specimen was recognized to belong to a separate genus, which was named Scapanops after the spade-like shape of its skull (from the Greek skapane). The suffix -ops is meant to associate it with the genus Cacops, a closely related dissorophid. The specific name neglecta references the neglected status of the holotype specimen after its initial description in 1964.
Relationships
A phylogenetic analysis of dissorophids published in 2013 found Scapanops to be one of the most basal members of a clade called Eucacopinae. Eucacopines are characterized by their lightly built skeletons and knobby skulls. The most basal eucacopine was found to be Conjunctio while Scapanops was positioned close to a derived clade of eucacopines that includes the genus Cacops (which is also from the Early Permian of the southwestern United States) and the Russian genera Zygosaurus and Kamacops. While members of the derived eucacopine clade have two rows of osteoderms down their backs, Scapanops and Conjunctio have only a single row of osteoderms down their backs. A single row of osteoderms is thought to be the ancestral condition for the dissorophid clade including Eucacopinae and its sister taxon Dissorophinae. Like the derived eucacopines, dissorophines also have two rows of osteoderms, meaning that the feature evolved independently in both groups and that Scapanops represents the point in eucacopine evolution before the two rows of osteoderms appeared. Below is a cladogram from the 2013 analysis:
References
Dissorophids
Cisuralian temnospondyls of North America
Permian geology of Texas
Fossil taxa described in 2013
Prehistoric amphibian genera |
55452692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20A.%20Rambukpota | J. A. Rambukpota | Seneviratne Mudiyanselage Justin Arthur Rambukpota (1 January 1891 – 3 March 1955) was a Ceylonese politician.
Rambukpota's older brother, George Charles (1894 ?), was a proctor of the Supreme Court and in 1931 was elected unopposed as the member of the State Council of Ceylon for Bibile.
He received his education at Uva College, Trinity College, Kandy and the Government School of Agriculture at Gannoruwa Peradeniya, where he was one of the first batch of students qualifying as an Agricultural Instructor. Rambukpota officiated as a member of the Agricultural Board and was the chairman of the Badulla District Paddy Growers Association. By 1919 he was officiating as the Rate Mahatmaya of Wellawassa and Wellawaya.
In March 1944 Rambukpota ran for a seat on the State Council but was defeated by S. A. Peeris, he ran again in October but was defeated by W. Dahanayake.
At the 1st parliamentary election, held on 16 September 1947, Rambukpota contested the Haputale electorate, as the United National Party candidate. He narrowly won by 371 votes, with the other three Tamil candidates equally sharing the electorate's predominantly Tamil votes.
Rambukpota went on to contest the seat of Alutnuwara at the 2nd parliamentary election held between 24 May 1952 and 30 May 1952, where he polled 50.94% of the total vote, 2,780 votes ahead of his nearest rival.
Rambukpota died whilst still in office on 3 March 1955.
References
Further reading
1891 births
1955 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Kandy
Members of the 1st Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 2nd Parliament of Ceylon
United National Party politicians |
30793164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orrvar%20Dalby | Orrvar Dalby | Orrvar Dalby (born 15 May 1952) is head of the development department at Norwegian People's Aid.
Dalby is a previous acting director of NPA. He has also worked as Director of International Programmes for Save the Children Norway, spent 10 years as Chief Executive (Rådmann) in Hurum and Lier. He has participated and headed a number of election observation teams in Europe, Africa and Latin-America.
Works
Ingrid Samset, Orrvar Dalby "Rwanda: Presidential and Parliamentary Elections 2003", NORDEM Report 12/2003
References
Living people
1952 births
Norwegian non-fiction writers
Norwegian businesspeople
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people) |
38984861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pay%20Kuh-e%20Sefid | Pay Kuh-e Sefid | Pay Kuh-e Sefid (, also Romanized as Pāy Kūh-e Sefīd) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Kahnuj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 81, in 20 families.
References
Populated places in Kahnuj County |
23755150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%BF-Champagne | Aÿ-Champagne | Aÿ-Champagne () is a commune in the Marne department, northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Aÿ, Mareuil-sur-Ay, and Bisseuil. They keep their names and town halls.
Population
The population data given in the table below refer to the commune in its geography as of January 2020.
Champagne
Aÿ
Aÿ is most famous as a centre of the production of Champagne. Aÿ's vineyards are located in the Vallée de la Marne subregion of Champagne, and are classified as Grand Cru (100%) in the Champagne vineyard classification. Many prestigious Champagne houses own vineyards in the immediate vicinity, and several producers are located in Aÿ, including Ayala and Bollinger.
Mareuil-sur-Aÿ
Its vineyards are located in the Vallée de la Marne subregion of Champagne, and are classified as Premier Cru (99%) in the Champagne vineyard classification. Together with Tauxières-Mutry it is the highest rated of the Premier Cru villages, and has therefore just missed out on Grand Cru (100%) status.
See also
Communes of the Marne department
References
Communes of Marne (department) |
27567729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Richmond%20Spiders%20football%20team | 2010 Richmond Spiders football team | The 2010 Richmond Spiders football team represented the University of Richmond during the 2010 NCAA Division I FCS football season. Richmond competed as a member of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) under first-year head football coach Latrell Scott and played its home games at the new E. Claiborne Robins Stadium. The 2010 campaign came on the heels of an NCAA Division I FCS national championship in 2008 and a quarterfinal appearance in 2009.
In the Colonial Athletic Association preseason poll, the Spiders were picked to finish 6th in the conference. Nationally, the preseason poll from The Sports Network ranked Richmond 6th.
Schedule
Richmond's 2010 schedule kicked off against Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) team Virginia and includes other non-conference games against Elon and Coastal Carolina. The schedule also included an eight-game CAA slate wrapping up against rival William & Mary in the Capital Cup.
References
Richmond
Richmond Spiders football seasons
Richmond Spiders football |
68881369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20von%20Wenninger | Karl von Wenninger | Karl Wenninger, from 1914 onwards Ritter von Wenninger, was a German Lieutenant General who commanded the XVIII Reserve Corps in World War I.
Biography
Family
Karl was the son of the Bavarian Colonel Franz Xaver Wenninger and his wife Mathilde, née Forster.
Wenninger married Kornelie Prins on July 11, 1889 in Landshut. She was the daughter of the Vice-President of the Council for the Dutch East Indies, Ary Prins. The marriage resulted in a daughter and two sons. Like their father, both sons pursued military careers. The youngest son fell as a pilot on the Western Front in 1917 , the older son Ralph initially served in the Imperial German Navy as a submarine commander and achieved the rank of Luftwaffe General in World War II. Like his father, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite order during the First World War. With the exception of princely families, this is the only case in which father and son received the highest Prussian valor award.
Military career
After graduating from a humanistic Gymnasium on 28 September 1880 he enlisted in the 2nd Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Regiment as part of the Bavarian Army in Landshut. He was then made an ensign on March 29, 1881 and promoted to second lieutenant on November 23, 1882. From October 1, 1888 to September 30, 1891, Wenninger studied at the War Academy, which qualified him for the higher adjutantage and, secondarily, for the general staff. This was followed by an assignment to the equitation institute where he also received his promotion to premier lieutenant. In October he was transferred to the staff of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade in Augsburg as an adjutant. From September 24, 1895 Wenninger served on the general staff for three years, meanwhile being promoted to captain on October 28, 1897. This was followed by a year-long assignment to the staff of the I Royal Bavarian Corps before he returned to line duty as a company commander in the 5th Chevaulegers Regiment. This was followed by a tour on the staff of the 3rd Royal Bavarian Division in Landau. For two years from September 21, 1902, Wenninger worked as a teacher of military history and the history of the art of war at the War Academy, in the meantime he became a major on October 23, 1903 and then transferred again to the staff of the I Bavarian Corps. On April 19, 1906, he became a member of the study commission of the War Academy and at the same time was entrusted with the leadership of the 1st Bavarian Heavy Cavalry Regiment. Wenninger was formally appointed regimental commander on July 20, 1906; in this position promoted to Lieutenant Colonel on March 8, 1907, and to Colonel on March 7, 1909. As such he took command of the 6th Cavalry Brigade in Regensburg on September 24, 1909. He was appointed to the Great General Staff in Berlin on December 15, 1911, serving as Bavarian Military Representative. Here he also was Bavaria's deputy representative on the Federal Council. Wenninger was promoted to major general on March 7, 1912.
When World War I broke out he initially remained the Bavarian military representative as part of the Great Headquarters. In recognition of his services, Wenninger was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown on September 27, 1914. Associated with this was the elevation to the personal nobility status and he was accordingly allowed to be known as "Ritter von Wenninger" after his entry in the nobility register.
After his promotion to lieutenant general on September 10, 1914, Wenninger became commander of the Bavarian Cavalry Division on November 7, 1914. He led the unit in the First Battle of Ypres and the subsequent trench warfare in Flanders. In March 1915, Wenninger took over command of the 3rd Royal Bavarian Division at Artois. In September and October the division was able to prevent multiple breakthrough attempts during the battles taking place near La Bassée and Arras. During the Battle of the Somme, the division defended the Martinpuich section of the Foureaux Forest. In April 1917 the division was on the Arras front south of the Scarpe. During the Battle of Arras, Wenninger succeeded in repelling three attacks by the English and stabilized his front sector.
For this achievement King Ludwig III rewarded Wenninger with the knighthood of the Military Order of Max Joseph on April 23, 1917. Shortly thereafter, Wilhelm II awarded him the Pour le Mérite on May 1, 1917.
On June 5, 1917 he was appointed commander of the XVIII Reserve Corps, which at the time was in front of Verdun. From here it was transferred to the Romanian Front in July and took part in the German summer offensive in August and September. During the breakthrough battle of Putna and Susita, his troops succeeded in taking Muncelul. Wenninger fell in the aftermath of the Battle of Mărășești on September 8, 1917.
References
Bibliography
Max Spindler (ed.), Walter Schärl: The composition of the Bavarian civil service from 1806 to 1918. Michael Lassleben publishing house, Kallmütz / Opf. 1955, p. 273.
Othmar Hackl: The Bavarian War Academy (1867-1914). CH Beck´sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1989, , pages. 602-603.
Hanns Möller: History of the knights of the order pour le mérite in the world war. Volume II: M-Z. Verlag Bernard & Graefe, Berlin 1935, pp. 488-489.
Rudolf Kramer, Otto Freiherr von Waldenfels: VIRTUTI PRO PATRIA. The Royal Bavarian Military Max Joseph Order. Self-published by the Bavarian Military Max Joseph Order, Munich 1966, pp. 185, 428.
1861 births
1917 deaths
Bavarian generals
German military personnel killed in World War I
German Army generals of World War I
Knights of the Military Order of Max Joseph
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Military personnel from Bavaria
People from Landshut (district) |
19324271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Edward%20Quarles%20van%20Ufford | Bryan Edward Quarles van Ufford | Bryan Edward Quarles van Ufford (27 May 1920, Semarang, Dutch East Indies — 21 September 1975 Leiden) was a diplomat from the Netherlands. As of 1972, he was Dutch ambassador to Luxembourg. Later he served as the leader of the Dutch delegation to the Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR) exploratory talks in Vienna in early 1973.
References
1920 births
1975 deaths
Ambassadors of the Netherlands to Luxembourg
People from Semarang
Dutch expatriates in Austria
Dutch people of the Dutch East Indies |
40486804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimweri | Kimweri | Kimweri may refer to:
Omari Kimweri (born 22 September 1982), an Australian boxer, born in Tanzania
Kimweri ye Nyumbai (died 1862), the ruler of the Shambaa people of the Usambara Mountains in what is now Tanzania between around 1815 and 1862
Kimweri Mputa Magogo (died 1999), a traditional leader of the Shambaa people of the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania |
2553861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado%20Rapids%20U-23 | Colorado Rapids U-23 | Colorado Rapids U–23 were an American soccer team based in the Denver suburb of Commerce City, Colorado. Originally founded in 2000 as part of the development system for the Colorado Rapids, the team played in the Premier Development League, the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid.
Year-by-year
Honors
USL PDL Mountain Division champions 2018
USL PDL Heartland Division champions 2005, 2006
Coaches
Mike Seabolt (2002–2003)
Peter Ambrose (2004–2008)
Chris Martinez (2017)
Erik Bushey (2018)
Stadium
Pleasant View Field, Boulder, Colorado (2003–2008)
Dick's Sporting Goods Park Field #20, Commerce City, Colorado (2017–2018)
References
External links
Official PDL site
Colorado Rapids
Reserve soccer teams in the United States
Defunct Premier Development League teams
2000 establishments in Colorado
2008 disestablishments in Colorado
Association football clubs established in 2000
Association football clubs disestablished in 2008
Sports in Boulder, Colorado |
23148552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20and%20Yellow%20Trail | Black and Yellow Trail | The Black and Yellow Trail was the promotional name for the portion of U.S. Route 14 (US 14) nominally linking the Black Hills of South Dakota to Yellowstone National Park. The signed auto trail route was extended by promoters to Chicago in the east. In 1919, it was proposed as a brand for a continuous route from Boston, Massachusetts to Seattle, Washington The headquarters for the promotional association were established in Huron, South Dakota with the aim of diverting traffic from the better-known Yellowstone Trail to the north. The Black and Yellow Trail also included portions of US 16, US 20, and US 41.
The Black and Yellow Trail is notable for a 1924 speech by South Dakota state historian Doane Robinson given to the route's organizers, where he first mentioned his proposal to carve figures of historical figures at Mount Rushmore.
See also
Good Roads Movement
Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental auto route
References
Auto trails in the United States
U.S. Route 14
U.S. Route 16 |
52581603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potter%20Branch | Potter Branch | Potter Branch is a stream in Reynolds County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Webb Creek.
Potter Branch has the name of the local Potter family.
See also
List of rivers of Missouri
References
Rivers of Reynolds County, Missouri
Rivers of Missouri |
19901939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soko%C5%82owo%20W%C5%82o%C5%9Bcia%C5%84skie | Sokołowo Włościańskie | Sokołowo Włościańskie () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Obryte, within Pułtusk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.
See also
Sokołowo, for other villages
References
Villages in Pułtusk County |
17576768 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Kov%C3%A1%C4%8D | Pavel Kováč | Pavel Kováč (born 12 August 1974) is a Slovak former goalkeeper who last played for Slovak club FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce. He is 2.02 m tall and weighs 96 kg. His international debut came in the second half of the Slovakia vs. Hungary match on 6 February 2008.
Kováč previously played for FC Slovácko in the Gambrinus liga, Apollon Kalamarias F.C. in the Greek Super League and DAC Dunajská Streda.
External links
FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce
References
1. by Pavol Drábek - Pavol Kováč: "Byť v Olympiakose je zadosťučinením!"
2. by Pavol Drábek - Αποκλειστική συνέντευξη με τον Πάβελ Κόβατς
3. by Pavol Drábek - Ο Πάβελ Κόβατς θυμάται και εύχεται
1974 births
Living people
Slovak men's footballers
Slovak expatriate men's footballers
Olympiacos F.C. players
Apollon Pontou F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Super League Greece players
People from Partizánske
Footballers from the Trenčín Region
Men's association football goalkeepers
FK Dubnica players
FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda players
Slovak First Football League players
1. FC Slovácko players
ŠK Slovan Bratislava players
MFK Ružomberok players
FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce players
Czech First League players |
22063942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felice%20Taylor | Felice Taylor | Felice Taylor (born Florain Corella Flanagan, January 29, 1944 – June 12, 2017) was an American soul and pop singer, best known for her recordings in the late 1960s.
The Sweets
Born in Richmond, California, United States, Taylor began singing with her sisters Norma and Darlene Flanagan in a trio, The Sweets, who recorded two singles, "The Richest Girl", for the Valiant label in 1965 and "Satisfy Me Baby" on the Soul Town label.
Solo career
Taylor's first solo recording, "Think About Me" on the Groovy label, was credited to Florain Taylor. Her greatest success came after signing for Bob Keane's Mustang label, a subsidiary of Bronco Records. There she was teamed with the songwriters and record producers, Barry White and Paul Politi, who co-wrote "It May Be Winter Outside (But in My Heart It's Spring)", a minor hit reaching No. 42 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 44 on the R&B chart in early 1967, and its follow-up "I'm Under the Influence of Love". A third single, "I Feel Love Comin' On", also written and produced by White and Politi was not released in the US, but reached No. 11 in the UK Singles Chart, when leased to President Records later in 1967.
After leaving Bronco, Taylor recorded for Kent Records, and later in the UK with members of The Equals. In 1973, White's protégées Love Unlimited recorded new versions of "It May Be Winter Outside" and "Under the Influence of Love" and Barry White recorded "I Feel Love Comin' On" on the Love Unlimited Orchestra's top ten album Rhapsody in White. Taylor herself seems not to have recorded after the early 1970s.
Personal life
She was married to Johnny B Taylor and had four children.
She died in June 2017, aged 73. She was interred at the Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California.
Discography
Singles
References
External links
Felice Taylor discography
1944 births
2017 deaths
American rhythm and blues singers
20th-century African-American women singers
Musicians from Richmond, California
Northern soul musicians
Singers from California
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
President Records artists |
17473078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e%20Valentin%20Ha%C3%BCy | Musée Valentin Haüy | The Musée Valentin Haüy is a private museum dedicated to tools and education of the blind, and located in the building of the Valentin Haüy Association, in the 7th arrondissement of Paris at 5, rue Duroc, Paris, France. It is open Tuesday and Wednesday afternoons without charge.
The museum was established in 1886 by Prof. Edgard Guilbeau of the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles, and named in honor of Valentin Haüy (1745–1822), founder of the first school for the blind. It is now operated by the Association Valentin Haüy. The museum contains objects, equipment, and books from 1771 to the present day that document the history of tools and education for the visually impaired.
See also
List of museums in Paris
References
Musée Valentin Haüy
Valentin Haüy Association
M. Dalphin and N. Dalphin, Le musée Valentin Haüy: guide du musée, Paris: Association Valentin Haüy, undated.
Catalogue du Musée Valentin-Haüy, 1891.
Paris, Petit Futé, page 135. .
Paris.org entry
CityZeum entry
Museums established in 1886
Museums in Paris
Biographical museums in France
Medical museums in France
Education museums
Musee Valentin Hauy
Buildings and structures in the 7th arrondissement of Paris |
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