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56661395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Stitt | Alex Stitt | Alexander Arthur Henry Stitt (January 3, 1937 – October 2, 2016) was an Australian cartoonist, artist and celebrity whose work is well remembered in the Life. Be in it. campaign, as well as for Sid the Seagull, and Norm, both created for a variety of healthy living advertising campaigns. He was awarded a Member of the Order of Australia in early 2016. He also helped create and direct a number of animated feature films.
References
Australian cartoonists
Members of the Order of Australia
1937 births
2016 deaths |
30941458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20McKee%20%28footballer%29 | Kevin McKee (footballer) | Kevin McKee (born 10 June 1966) is a Scottish former footballer that is 5 ft 8 in tall, and has played for Hibernian, Hamilton, Partick Thistle and Stenhousemuir in the Scottish Football League.
References
External links
Kevin McKee, www.ihibs.co.uk
1966 births
Living people
Footballers from Edinburgh
Men's association football fullbacks
Scottish men's footballers
Hibernian F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Partick Thistle F.C. players
Stenhousemuir F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Bathgate Thistle F.C. non-playing staff |
22899669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel%20Brough | Lionel Brough | Lionel "Lal" Brough (10 March 1836 – 8 November 1909) was a British actor and comedian. After beginning a journalistic career and performing as an amateur, he became a professional actor, performing mostly in Liverpool during the mid-1860s. He established his career in London as a member of the company at the new Queen's Theatre, Long Acre, in 1867, and he soon became known for his roles in Shakespeare, contemporary comedies, and classics, especially as Tony Lumpkin in She Stoops to Conquer.
In the 1870s and 1880s, Brough was one of the leading comic actors in London. Although untrained musically, he also appeared in several successful operettas in the 1880s and 1890s. He continued to contribute popular performances into the 20th century and ended his career in comedy roles with Herbert Beerbohm Tree's company.
Biography
Early years
Brough was born in Pontypool, Wales, the son of Barnabas Brough, a brewer, publican, wine merchant and later dramatist, and his wife Frances Whiteside, a poet and novelist. His brothers, William and Robert (father of actress Fanny Brough), were also playwrights, and his brother John Cargill Brough was a science writer. His father was briefly kidnapped by the Chartists in 1839 and was a prosecution witness at the trial of the Chartist leader John Frost, which resulted in Frost's deportation to Australia. The family was ostracised and ruined financially as a result, and they moved to Manchester in 1843. Brough's first job was as an office boy at The Illustrated London News. He was then employed as assistant publisher by The Daily Telegraph and for several years at the Morning Star. At the former, he introduced to England the American system of selling the newspaper in the streets using newsboys.
Brough made his stage debut at age 18 with the company of Madame Vestris to play in an extravaganza written by his brother William. In 1858, he was again at the Lyceum but then left the professional stage to work at the Morning Star. He performed in amateur theatricals in the early 1860s. As an amateur he appeared before Queen Victoria at the Lyceum Theatre in 1860 with the Savage Club, in a burlesque of the Ali Baba story called The Forty Thieves, and was judged by the critic of The Times to have played like a practised professional. This burlesque was presented as a fund-raiser for the Lancashire Famine Relief Fund.
Professional career
Brough repeated The Forty Thieves in Liverpool, where Alexander Henderson, manager of the Prince of Wales Theatre in that city, was impressed enough to engage Brough for his company. In his Who's Who entry, Brough recorded: "joined theatrical profession (permanently) at Prince of Wales's, Liverpool, 1863." The company there included Squire Bancroft and John Hare. In 1864, he performed there as Iago in Ernani opposite Lydia Thompson and Lavinia in The Miller and His Men. He also performed at other Liverpool theatres in the 1860s, including the Amphitheatre and the Alexandra, at the last of which he performed with Edward Saker, with whom he also toured.
Brough made his London debut in 1865 in Prince Pretty Pet by his brother William at the Lyceum Theatre but continued mostly in Liverpool until 1867. In 1867, he joined the London company that opened the new Queen's Theatre, Long Acre, with Charles Wyndham, Henry Irving, J. L. Toole, Ellen Terry and Henrietta Hodson, in a production of Charles Reade's The Double Marriage. The Times wrote of him, "Mr Lionel Brough, an accession from the Liverpool stage, in the small part of Dard, showed the right and rare quality of humour without gag or grimace.... His appearance in other characters will be looked for with interest." In The Taming of the Shrew, he was cast as Grumio. He then played the serious role of uncle Ben Garner in Dearer Than Life, by H. J. Byron together with Toole, Irving and Harriet Everard, in which he was praised for his "very great power", and in which role he frequently toured. This was followed by La Vivandière, W. S. Gilbert's parody of La fille du régiment, in which the same critic said that Brough "appears to understand thoroughly and remarkably for so young an actor the true principles of burlesque acting." The same company presented many adaptations of the novels of Charles Dickens, including Oliver Twist in 1868, with Brough as Bumble the beadle. The following year, at the St James's Theatre's revival of She Stoops to Conquer, Brough played Tony Lumpkin for almost 200 nights. Thenceforth, in the words of the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, "he was the accepted representative of the character, which he played in all 777 times." In addition to Tony Lumpkin and Ben Garner, according to Frederick Waddy, Brough's best-known early roles were Spotty in The Lancashire Lass, Sampson Burr in The Porter's Knot, Mark Meddle in London Assurance and Robin Wildbriar in Extremes. In 1873, Waddy wrote of Brough, "to his great natural humour and fun he adds a conscientious and careful study of the characters he undertakes.... He plays them with marked intelligence and appreciation, and a display of genuine humorous power and versatility not too frequently met with on the stage".
In 1870, Brough was the title character in Paul Pry at the St. James's Theatre. In 1871, with Mrs. John Wood, he performed in Milky White and Poll and Partner Joe. In 1872, he acted as stage manager for Dion Boucicault at the Covent Garden. Though not trained as a singer, Brough was recruited in 1872 to join Joseph Fell's company at the Holborn Theatre in leading roles in popular musical works including F. C. Burnand's English version of La Vie parisienne. In August of the same year he appeared at Covent Garden in Dion Boucicault's fairy drama Babil and Bijou. During the 1870s, Brough was resident comic lead at the Gaiety, Globe, Charing Cross and Imperial theatres. In the 1870s and 1880s he increasingly augmented his popular parts in modern works with more revivals of classic comic roles, including Tony Lumpkin again, Croaker in Oliver Goldsmith's The Good-Natured Man, Dromio of Ephesus in The Comedy of Errors and Bob Acres in The Rivals. In 1878, he played opposite Lydia Thompson in burlesques at the Folly Theatre, including as King Jingo in Stars and Garters. He appeared as Valentine in Mefistofele (1880) with Lizzie St Quentin in the title role, Fred Leslie as Faust and Constance Loseby as Marguerite.
One of Brough's popular characters was Constable Robert Roberts, "Policeman X24", an early example of the archetypical British bobby, which he presented at concerts and benefit performances. The character was a vehicle for Brough to entertain an audience with banter and comic songs. In contrast, Brough also played a serious role as a policeman in an 1884 one-act play, Off Duty, as Sergeant Ben Bloss, in which, The Morning Post said, "Mr Lionel Brough has a pathetic part, which he plays with earnestness and feeling." Brough originated the role of Nick Vedder in the hit operetta Rip Van Winkle, in 1882, and played in another operetta, Nell Gwynne, in 1884. In 1885, he toured the United States with Violet Cameron. In 1888, he appeared in T. Edgar Pemberton's comedy, Steeple Jack, and two years later in the operetta La Cigale. Brough played the comic lead, Pietro, in Gilbert and Alfred Cellier's comic opera The Mountebanks (1892).
Later years
In the final phase of his career Brough was a regular member of Herbert Beerbohm Tree's company at Her Majesty's Theatre from 1894 until his death, becoming famous for his comedy roles in Shakespeare, including Sir Toby Belch in Twelfth Night, Touchstone in As You Like It, Trinculo in The Tempest, and the gardener in Richard II. In 1895 he played Alexander McAlister, The Laird of Cockpen, in Trilby. His last appearances were in 1909 as the grave-digger in Hamlet (described by The Observer as "ideal"), Moses in The School for Scandal, and the host of the Garter Inn in The Merry Wives of Windsor.
Brough encouraged all his children to become actors. His elder daughter Mary Brough ("Polly") had a long and successful career. His elder son "'Bobbie" (Robert Sydney Brough, 1868–1911) was a popular leading man when he died of complications following a throat infection; he was married to Lizzie Webster, a granddaughter of Benjamin Nottingham Webster.Brough, Jean Webster (1952), p. 105 Their only child, Jean Webster Brough (1900–1954), was the last theatrical member of the Brough dynasty. Lionel Brough's younger daughter "Daisy" (Margaret Brough, 1870–1901) died of peritonitis, and his younger son Percy Brough (1872–1904) toured with the Brough-Boucicault Comedy Company in Australia and New Zealand but died en route from England to China.
Brough died at his home, Percy Villa, in South Lambeth at the age of 73 and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. The Manchester Guardian'' said of him in its obituary, "His power of holding his audience and obtaining his effects by the simplest means, and with an expert knowledge of their value, made his work delightful. ... In private life, Mr Brough was universally popular with a fund of anecdote which often kept the members of the Eccentric and other clubs in roars of laughter till the early hours of the morning."
Notes
Sources
External links
Photos and images of Brough at the NYPL
Photos and images of Brough at the NPG
List of recordings by Brough
Souvenirs of various Brough performances
English male stage actors
British male Shakespearean actors
19th-century English male actors
People associated with Gilbert and Sullivan
1836 births
1909 deaths
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery |
4385135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Horrocks | John Horrocks | John Horrocks may refer to:
John Horrocks (politician) (1768–1804), British cotton manufacturer and Member of Parliament
John Horrocks (fisherman) (1816–1881), Edinburgh-born founder of modern fly fishing in Europe
John Ainsworth Horrocks (1818–1846), South Australian explorer
John Horrocks (died 2001), a member of English band Poloroid |
36061497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copelatus%20amatolensis | Copelatus amatolensis | Copelatus amatolensis is a species of diving beetle. It is part of the genus Copelatus of the subfamily Copelatinae in the family Dytiscidae. It was described by Omer-Cooper in 1965.
References
amatolensis
Beetles described in 1965 |
36752024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald%20Snowball | Oswald Snowball | Oswald Robinson Snowball (18 July 1859 – 16 March 1928) was an English-born Australian politician.
Snowball was born in Wolsingham, England, and arrived in Australia in 1868 where his family spent three years on the land. He studied at Carlton College and the University of Melbourne where he qualified as a solicitor and was admitted to practice in 1883. He was a partner in the firms Briggs & Snowball and later Snowball & Kaufmann.
Snowball was elected to the Victorian parliament representing the Commonwealth Liberal Party in the seat of Brighton in a by-election on 8 October 1909.
He was a prominent advocate of divorce law reform, in which he was supported by Rev. William Bottomley and the Melbourne Unitarian Church.
He served on various royal commissions, until he was voted Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly at the commencement of the 29th Parliament on 6 July 1927.
Snowball died in office on 16 March the next year.
References
1859 births
1928 deaths
Speakers of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Australian solicitors
Melbourne Law School alumni
English emigrants to colonial Australia
People from Wolsingham |
4385696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89guzon-Chant%C3%B4me | Éguzon-Chantôme | Éguzon-Chantôme (; Limousin: Aguson e Chantòsma) is a commune in the Indre department in central France.
It is situated on the river Creuse. A nearby hydroelectric dam (the Éguzon Dam), opened in 1923, provides electricity and also creates a lake (Lac de Chambon) that is used for leisure and watersports.
Geography
The river Abloux forms all of the commune's western border and the Creuse, with the Chambon Lake, forms all of its eastern border.
Population
See also
Communes of the Indre department
References
Communes of Indre
County of La Marche |
20130203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staphylococcus%20aureus%20delta%20toxin | Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin | 'Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin is a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus. It has a wide spectrum of cytolytic activity.
It is among other toxins produced by S. aureus and is part of the phenol-soluble modulin peptide family. Its alpha-helical, amphipathic structure gives it detergent-like properties, allowing it to disrupt and attach to the cytoplasmic membrane of a cell non-specifically, without a receptor, and integrate into the membrane. Delta toxin degrades the membrane on contact and forms short-lived pores, causing cell lysis and subsequent cell death.
Structure
S. aureus delta toxin is encoded for by the hld gene. The hld gene, of which the 3’ end encodes for delta toxin, is involved in the accessory gene regulator (agr) system. This system controls the signaling and creation of cell-associated and secreted virulence factors. Delta toxin is also secreted from S. aureus without a signal peptide, but the toxin itself has been speculated to make an effective signal peptide. The S. aureus delta toxin molecule has been speculated to oligomerize and form cation-selective ion channels in the membrane for use other than cell lysis by the toxin. The channel is proposed to be formed by six delta toxin molecules in a hexagonal arrangement.
Function
Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin is a phenol-soluble modulin peptide. Because of this, the cytotoxins that are produced upon a S. aureus infection, including delta toxin, are proinflammatory molecules. Delta toxin is also a chemoattractant for leukocytes, leading to a surge of cytokines such as interleukin-8 from neutrophils at an infection site. Delta toxin molecules activate a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in leukocytes called formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), which binds metabolites to inhibit and lower inflammation. Thus, delta toxin molecules trigger inflammation that needs to be modulated by FPR2.
Delta toxin also has moderate cytolytic abilities to lyse red and white blood cells through the use of short-lived pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. The toxin then uses host tissue as nutrients required for further S. aureus bacteria growth. Delta toxin specifically causes mast cell degranulation, contributing to allergic reactions of the skin like atopic dermatitis. This reaction is only caused by delta toxin, rather than the other toxins produced by S. aureus, proving that PSM peptides have evolved to fulfill different roles in pathogenesis.
PSMs, like S. aureus delta toxin, can prevent the activation and proliferations of CD4+ T cells, depending on interleukin-10 and TFG-beta activations. This would result in a down regulation of the adaptive immune response, potentially increasing pathogenic tolerance. This is a hypothesis as to why S. aureus is so virulent; S. aureus bacteria are able to modulate the organism’s immune system to evade it.
Delta toxin is quite heat-stable, unlike S. aureus alpha and beta toxins. However, the addition of lecithin specifically prevents delta toxin from lysing cells. Delta toxin activity can also both enhanced and prevented with saturated, straight-chain fatty acids of varying lengths. Phospholipids 13 to 19 carbons in length enhanced the lytic activity of delta toxin, whereas those that were 21 to 23 carbons long were inhibitory. The length of the fatty acid chain could be related to the binding of the toxin to the membrane to be effective, as those phospholipids with longer tails prevent the toxin from getting close enough to the membrane.
References
Bacterial toxins |
4756604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatton%20Ferry | Hatton Ferry | Hatton Ferry is a poled cable ferry located 5.5 miles west of Scottsville, Virginia on the James River. It is the last poled ferry in the United States. The ferry crosses the river upstream of Scottsville between Albemarle County and Buckingham County.
A seasonal service, the Hatton Ferry operates on a weekend schedule from April to October. In 2009 the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) ended funding and operation of the weekend. Ownership was then transferred to the Albemarle Charlottesville Historical Society (ACHS) as the result of a campaign led by ACHS President Steven G. Meeks. The ferry is now managed by the "Hatton Ferry" a non-profit organization established by the ACHS to oversee the operation of the ferry.
How it works
The Hatton Ferry is a flat-bottomed boat with its deck only a few inches above the waterline. Two cables are attached to each of the boat's ends and guided by an overhead wire connecting the two river banks about 700 feet away. The cables control the ferry in its passage, allowing the stern to swing downstream while stabilizing the prow.
The boat is caught at an angle by the regular current and floats across the river. As the ferry approaches the riverbank, the ferryman cranks a hand winch to retract the cable at the boat's stern. With a few jabs of the ferryman's pole at the trip's end, the ferry slips onto its landing.
History
James A. Brown began operating a store and ferry at this site in the late 1870s. A few years later, he bought the land and the store became a stop on the Richmond and Allegheny Railroad which was built along the towpath of the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 1880s.
In 1914, James B. Tindall purchased the store, ferry, and ferry rights. He operated the ferry until 1940 when it was taken over by the Virginia Department of Highways. A new ferry was built by the Virginia Department of Transportation, and it was rededicated in September 1973. The dedication ceremonies included actor Richard Thomas, who played the character John-Boy Walton on the TV series, The Waltons, and Mrs. Doris Hamner, the mother of Waltons creator and writer Earl Hamner, Jr., who lived at nearby Schuyler provided the basis for the fictional stories.
The Hatton Ferry is the last poled ferry in the United States.
Current operations and schedule
With most regular traffic crossing the river nearby using the highway bridge at Scottsville located five miles downstream, the Hatton Ferry operates on a weekend schedule from early April to the end of October (river levels permitting) and beginning with 2010 is now owned and managed by the Albemarle Charlottesville Historical Society.
VDOT ceases operation
Amid budget cuts VDOT ceased funding for the ferry as part of its 2009 service reductions. Albemarle County appropriated $9,300 to keep the ferry running through October 1, 2009, although the funding may be made up from donations to the ACHS. In early 2010, VDOT transferred title to the Hatton Ferry to the non-profit 501 (c) 3 Albemarle Charlottesville Historical Society. The Society will continue operation. Operations will be funded from donations.
References
External links
Albemarle Charlottesville Historical Society website
Scottsville Museum
http://www.historicbuckingham.org website
Crossings of the James River (Virginia)
Transportation in Albemarle County, Virginia
Ferries of Virginia
Cable ferries in the United States |
58550303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaurav%20Chaudhary | Gaurav Chaudhary | Gaurav Chaudhary (born 7 May 1991), known professionally as Technical Guruji, is an Indian YouTuber based in the UAE. Chaudhary is notable for producing YouTube videos concerning technology in Hindi. In 2020, he was on the Forbes India 30 under 30 list, and claimed to have 15 million subscribers on YouTube.
Early life
Chaudhary was born in Ajmer, Rajasthan in a Hindu family on 7 May 1991. He studied at a Kendriya Vidyalaya School. In 2012, he moved to Dubai to pursue a degree in microelectronics at BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus.
Career
Chaudhary launched his YouTube channel "Technical Guruji" in October 2015, primarily posting advice and product reviews. His Senior from the school owning the YouTube channel Sharmaji Technical helped him in the making of the content. In 2017, Chaudhary created a second channel, "Gaurav Chaudhary" dedicated to producing content about his personal life.
In September 2018, Technical Guruji was ranked as the 9th most subscribed to technology YouTube channel. In November 2018, it was reported that Chaudhary was the first technology YouTuber to accrue more than 10 million subscribers.
Chaudhary has appeared in YouTube Rewind 2018 and 2019.
Videography
This is some selected Popular videos of Gourav Chaudhary as known as Technical Guruji from YouTube.
See also
List of YouTubers
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani alumni
Technology YouTubers
Video bloggers
Technology blogs
People from Dubai
Indian Hindus
Indian expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
People from Ajmer
Indian YouTubers |
63778967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix%20Park%20Hotel | Phoenix Park Hotel | Phoenix Park Hotel (formerly the Commodore) is a hotel located in Washington, D.C. on North Capitol Street, at the corner of F St. NW and Massachusetts Avenue. The hotel is on Capitol Hill, close to the Capitol Building and Union Station.
It is a Georgian Revival-style hotel built in 1927 and originally known as The Commodore. It was bought in 1982 by Daniel J. Coleman and renamed after Dublin, Ireland's Phoenix Park. Its Irish themes include its toiletries and the Dubliner, Washington DC's oldest continually operating Irish bar. It has been a member of the Historic Hotels of America since 2002, and it was renovated in 2016.
References
External links
Phoenix Park Hotel, official website
Hotels in Washington, D.C.
Buildings and structures completed in 1926
Historic Hotels of America |
238964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing%20the%20Seas%20of%20Cheese | Sailing the Seas of Cheese | Sailing the Seas of Cheese is the second studio album and major label debut by the American rock band Primus. It was released on May 14, 1991, through Interscope Records. It spawned three singles: "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver", "Tommy the Cat", and "Those Damned Blue-Collar Tweekers".
Album information
The album has been described as funk metal. Similar to its predecessor Frizzle Fry, founding guitarist Todd Huth received writing credits on the songs "Tommy The Cat" and "Sgt. Baker".
The album's lead single "Jerry Was a Race Car Driver" is known for its intricate bassline that Les Claypool played on a six-string bass using the tapping technique. It also contains a sample from the movie The Texas Chainsaw Massacre 2 in which the character Chop Top exclaims "Dog will hunt!" The track "Los Bastardos" contains samples from the BBC television series The Young Ones including Vyvyan shouting, "Shut up, you bastards!", Vyvyan's mother saying, "He is a bastard isn't he?", as well as Rick saying, "You just called me a bastard, didn't you?" and "Mike, you bastard!"
The single "Tommy The Cat" is also characterised by its highly complex bassline that mixes strumming and slapping; there is not a clear consensus on exactly what notes are being played, and as a result, numerous different interpretations exist on the Internet. The song features spoken word by Tom Waits providing the voice of the titular character; in live performances Claypool does these parts himself. Another examples of the album's musical complexity is the song "Eleven", which is named after its unusual time signature of 11/8.
The song and album title "Seas of Cheese" would later be referenced in the song "DMV" on their next album Pork Soda, as well as the song "Dirty Drowning Man" on 1999's Antipop.
Live performance
The album was performed live in its entirety in 2003 and 2004 on their Tour De Fromage, on December 30, 2010 and once more during a two night show at Royal Albert Hall in April 2012.
Critical reception
Reviewing the album for AllMusic, Steve Huey contends that "Sailing the Seas of Cheese completely redefined the possibilities of the electric bass in rock music for those who'd never heard the group before." He describes the album as "mostly riff-driven, fleshing out their heavy metal roots with prog rock tricks from Rush and Frank Zappa, as well as the novelty side of Zappa's sense of humor." He notes that "the willful goofiness may alienate some listeners, but... it never detracts from the band's frequently stunning musicianship" and concludes that this album is "the tightest, most song-oriented representation of their jaw-dropping, one-of-a-kind style." Simon Reynolds reviews the album for Entertainment Weekly by describing Primus as "too self-consciously goofy for their own good, but their rubber-boned thrash-funk can be cartoonish fun."
In a 2015 Noisey interview, Les Claypool ranked Sailing the Seas of Cheese as his second favorite Primus album behind Frizzle Fry, believing the work to be "probably [Primus'] most respected album". In addition, Claypool also outlined the experience of releasing the record on a major label, and the consequent inspiration for the album's title, when he remarked:
But [Sailing the Seas of Cheese] was also that record like 'Here we are, about to release something on a major label,' and we're right alongside the other bands that were popular at the time, which were these hairball bands—the Poisons, and the Guns N' Roses, and these different things that we just did not fit in with. That was the impetus of the title, because we just knew all of a sudden we were going to be thrust into this world where we weren't sure anyone thought we belonged.
Release history
Sailing the Seas of Cheese reached gold status in March 1993. It was certified platinum in December 2001.
2009
Plain Recordings released a 180 gram version of the LP.
2013 reissue
A deluxe edition of the album was released on May 21, 2013. It is available in two six-panel Digipak configurations, each featuring the album’s new stereo mix on CD and the new 5.1 surround mix on Blu-ray or DVD, plus three exclusive, previously unreleased bonus tracks, and liner notes by music journalist Greg Prato. Claypool stated, “Musically, it holds up incredibly well. Sonically, it holds up fairly well. There’s some old-style reverbs that are a little bit syrupy. With modern technology, we can fix some of that stuff. But we don’t want to mess with it too much, because it is what it is. We want to fatten it up a little bit.”
Track listing
Personnel
Primus
Les Claypool – vocals, bass, string bass, six-string fretless bass, clarinet, production
Larry LaLonde – guitar, six-string banjo, production
Tim "Herb" Alexander – drums, percussion, water jug, production
Additional performers
Jay Lane – drums (13, 14 & 15)
Mike Bordin – two-skinned foreskin drum
Matt Winegar – accordion, guitar
Tom Waits – voice of Tommy the Cat
Trouz – whistle
Production
Ron Rigler – engineering
Chris Bellman – mastering
Tom Whalley – A&R director
Adam Gates – additional fisherman
Lance Montoya – additional fisherman
Artwork
Paul Haggard – jacket design, photography
Mark Kohr – cheese coordinator, scenery
Michael Lavine – band photo
Lance Montoya – sculptures
Mitch Romanowski – ship (sculpture)
Snap – airbrushing
Bastardos
Brain Mantia, Mike Bordin, Herb – drums
MIRV Haggard, Todd Huth, Derek Greenberg, Matt Winegar, Ler – guitars
Butthouse, Adam Gates, Les – bass
Adam Gates, Puffster, Herb, Ler, Les – vocals
Charts
References
1991 albums
Albums with cover art by Lance Montoya
Interscope Records albums
Primus (band) albums |
14853159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford%20Hall | Stanford Hall | There are two stately homes in England called Stanford Hall.
Stanford Hall, Leicestershire, near Lutterworth
Stanford Hall, Nottinghamshire (Defence and National Rehabilitation Centre), near Loughborough
United States
Stanford Hall, a dormitory at the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana |
21908991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Alford | John Alford | John Alford may refer to:
Politicians
John Alford (MP for Hedon) (died 1600), Member of Parliament (MP) for Hedon
John Alford (Parliamentarian) (c. 1590–1649), MP for New Shoreham in the Long Parliament
John Alford (died 1691) (1645–1691), MP for Midhurst and Bramber
Others
John Alford (lutenist) (fl. 16th c.), English lutenist and translator of a treatise on the lute
John Alford (actor) (born 1971), Scottish-born English actor
John Alford (cricketer) (born 1941), English cricketer
John Alford (professor) (1686–1761), established chair at Harvard
John M. Alford (1915–1988), U.S. Navy admiral
John Alford (priest) (1919–1995), Church of England priest
John R. Alford (fl. 1980s–2020s), American political scientist
John Alford (born 1939), member of The Allisons |
74769590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Picass%C3%B3 | Maria Picassó | Maria Picassó (Manresa, 1983) is a Catalan illustrator and cartoonist. One of her creations was chosen by the international jury of Communication Arts to be part of its 2022 yearbook of illustrations.
Biography
She studied architecture, but shortly after entering to work in an office, she left it to devote himself to plastic arts. As an illustrator, she has worked in sectors as diverse as press, video games, album covers, billboards, books and clothing. Her style has been cataloged as "geometric vectorial constructivist portraits". They try to simplify their drawings as much as possible, leaving only the most defining and essential features. she usually uses geometric shapes that join to recreate faces and objects. Picassó has cited as references Al Hirschfeld, Hanoch Piven, Charley Harper, Scott Partridge, Robin Davey or Maite Franchi.
She has made several book covers, album covers by artists such as Markus Reuter or Stick Men, illustrations for the press (El País, Los Angeles Times), billboards and in video games of the Star Trek franchise.
Due to the premiere of the new film adaptation of Dune (Denis Villeneuve, September 2021), the Catalan publishers Mai Més and Raig Verd published a new translated edition of the original book Dune (Frank Herbert, 1965), in binding paperback and illustration by Maria Picassó. Her design for the cover of the book was one of those chosen, among the 3,689 proposals submitted, to appear in the Communication Arts Illustration Annual from May–June 2022.
The city council of her home town Manresa, in Catalonia, named her "Ambassador of Manresa".
In 2022 Picasso published her first book as an illustrator, with text by Agnès Rotger: La Caçadora de Dinosaures, about the life of the British paleontologist Mary Anning.
References
People from Manresa
Spanish women illustrators
1983 births
Living people |
62653563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Williams%20%28Australian%20cricketer%29 | Graham Williams (Australian cricketer) | Robert Graham Williams MBE (4 April 1911 – 31 August 1978) was an Australian cricketer who played first-class cricket for South Australia from 1933 to 1938 and the Australian Services team in 1945. He was awarded the MBE for his services to his fellow prisoners of war during World War II.
Life and career
Before World War II
Graham Williams was born in the Adelaide suburb of St Peters, and attended Prince Alfred College. When he left school he studied at the South Australian School of Mines and Industries, graduating in 1934 as a wool-classer. He worked in Adelaide with the firm Goldsbrough Mort & Co.
A tall fast-medium bowler and useful lower-order batsman, Williams had his best season for South Australia in 1937–38, when he took 24 wickets at an average of 24.20 and made 233 runs at 21.18. He also recorded his best bowling figures in that season, when he took 6 for 21 against Queensland on Christmas Day 1937.
He spent most of 1938 in Bradford, Yorkshire, broadening his knowledge of the wool trade. While there he played with some success for Bradford in the Bradford Cricket League.
War service and later
Williams enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force in April 1940. Warrant-Officer Navigator Williams was taken prisoner in July 1941 after his plane was shot down over Libya, and was released in April 1945. While imprisoned he learned braille so he could teach it to blind prisoners. He also taught agriculture, economics and touch typing in the prison camps. In 1946 he was awarded the MBE for his services to his fellow prisoners.
Despite having lost 31 kilograms during his imprisonment, less than a month after his release Williams was playing cricket for an RAAF team against an Empire XI at Lord's. The 15,000-strong crowd, knowing his war record, gave him a standing ovation when he went in to bat. His RAAF teammate Keith Miller described the moment as "the most touching moment I have ever seen or heard, almost orchestral in its sound and feeling". He played for services teams throughout the 1945 season, including all five of the Victory Tests between Australian servicemen and England.
He married Josephine Simpson in Adelaide in January 1946. His Services XI teammate Albert Cheetham was his best man. He resumed his work with Goldsbrough Mort after the war.
References
External links
Graham Williams at CricketArchive
1911 births
1978 deaths
Australian cricketers
Australian Services cricketers
South Australia cricketers
Cricketers from Adelaide
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
Australian prisoners of war
Royal Australian Air Force airmen
Shot-down aviators
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Dominions cricketers |
39012259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Abbott%20King | John Abbott King | John Abbott King (21 August 1883 – 9 August 1916) was an English rugby union player who won 12 caps as a number 8 between 1911 and 1913. During World War I he served as a lance corporal with the King's Liverpool Regiment, and was killed at the Battle of the Somme aged 32. He is one of the missing commemorated on the Thiepval Memorial.
References
1883 births
1916 deaths
British military personnel killed in the Battle of the Somme
England international rugby union players |
4152107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Jensen%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201975%29 | Brian Jensen (footballer, born 1975) | Brian Paldan Jensen (born 8 June 1975) is a Danish retired professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He is currently the first team goalkeeping coach at Shrewsbury Town. He played more than 300 English league games for Burnley and West Bromwich Albion.
Jensen started his career with Danish lower-league club B.93, before joining Dutch Eredivisie club AZ Alkmaar in 1997. He made his senior breakthrough with West Bromwich Albion, playing a total of 50 games for the club. He joined Burnley in 2003 and played more than 300 games in all competitions, helping the club win promotion to the top-flight Premier League in 2009.
Career
Early career
Born and raised in the Nørrebro quarter of Copenhagen, Jensen began playing football as a defender in the youth team of B 93. As the youth team goalkeeper lacked height, the keeper job was given to the "biggest and dumbest" player of the team, according to Jensen himself. He was a substitute to goalkeeper Jan Hoffmann at the B 93 senior team.
His goalkeeping talent caught the attention of Dutch outfit AZ when he was named best goalkeeper at a youth tournament in the Netherlands. He was loaned out from Alkmaar to Danish club Hvidovre IF for eight months, while finishing his electrician education, before going to play as a full-time professional for Alkmaar in February 1998. Jensen managed one appearance in the Eredivisie championship in his time at Alkmaar, serving exclusively as a substitute for Dutch international keeper Oscar Moens.
West Bromwich Albion
While waiting for his Alkmaar contract to run out, Jensen trained with Division One side West Bromwich Albion, where his imposing stature earned him the nickname "The Beast". When West Brom keeper Chris Adamson was asked to comment on Jensen, he told reporters he was "nothing but a beast". Jensen moved to West Brom for a fee of £80,000 in March 2000. He made his Albion debut on 7 March 2000 and kept a clean sheet in a 2–0 victory over Tranmere Rovers. He stayed at West Brom for three years, playing a total of 50 games. He helped the club survive in Division One in 1999–2000, and was a regular for much of the following season, until the arrival of Russell Hoult saw the end of Jensen's playing time for WBA in February 2001. Jensen never re-gained a regular place, playing only one match in Albion's promotion season of 2001–02. He moved on in 2003, after West Brom were relegated, finishing 19th in the Premier League.
Burnley
He joined Burnley on 30 June 2003 on a free transfer. During his first season at Burnley, he was the only goalkeeper on their books. The club avoided relegation by just two points, finishing in 19th position in the First Division. After the arrival of Danny Coyne in the summer of 2004, he found himself second choice keeper at Turf Moor, but through good form and a serious injury to Coyne he earned his place back in the starting line-up. Following impressive form in autumn 2004, Jensen criticised national team manager Morten Olsen for not having watched him play, when Jensen thought he had earned a place in the Danish national squad.
After a run of performances in which Jensen's form was found lacking by Burnley manager Steve Cotterill, goalkeeper Mike Pollitt was brought on loan to Turf Moor in January 2007. In response to being left out of the Burnley team for a match at Southampton, Jensen wanted to leave the club, and on 22 January 2007 Burnley placed him on the transfer list. However, by April of that year, Jensen had not only re-established himself as the club's first-choice but his relationship with Cotterill had improved and he was taken off the transfer list.
Burnley brought in another goalkeeper, Gábor Király, before the 2007–08 season and Jensen found himself once again seemingly second choice, spending four months out of the team from mid-September. He returned to regular first team action in January 2008. He signed a new two-year contract with Burnley in June 2008. He saved two penalties to help Burnley beat Chelsea in the fourth round of the League Cup. He played in the 2009 Football League Championship play-off final, in which Burnley beat Sheffield United 1–0 at Wembley Stadium to earn promotion to the Premier League. On 19 August 2009, he was named man of the match in Burnley's 1–0 Premier League victory over Manchester United, which was Burnley's first top division win in 33 years. The performance included a range of saves as well as a penalty save against Michael Carrick. He signed a new two-year contract with the club in June 2010. Jensen played his 300th league game in a 4–0 win over Hull City on 28 September 2010. On 22 December 2010, Jensen officially handed in a written transfer request due to lack of games. However, Jensen decided to withdraw the transfer request. Jensen would then sign a one-year contract with the club.
On 6 May 2013, Jensen announced to his followers on Twitter that he was not going to be offered a new contract. Despite being released, Jensen told langebolde.dk in the interview that he ruled out retirement due to desire to play on for many years.
Bury
Jensen joined Bury on a short-term contract on 2 September 2013, and was named player-goalkeeper coach the following January. Having made seventeen appearances, Jensen signed a contract extension with the club until the end of the season.
At the end of the season, he was named Bury Player of the Season by both the fans of the club and by local newspaper Bury Times. Despite good performances, Jensen was released by the club in May 2014 after being told that he would not be offered a new contract.
Crawley Town
On 27 May 2014, Jensen signed a one-year contract at Crawley Town under manager John Gregory. He was Crawley's second signing of the 2014–15 season. Jensen made 20 appearances for The Reds before dislocating his finger against MK Dons in January 2015.
Mansfield Town
On 24 June 2015, Jensen signed a one-year deal with League Two rivals Mansfield Town on a free transfer as a player and goalkeeping coach. Jensen holds the record for being the oldest player to play for the club at the age of 40 years, seven months and nine days.
The Nottinghamshire club extended Jensen's term at Field Mill at the end of the 2015–16 season. He was released by Mansfield at the end of the 2016–17 season.
Crusaders
On 17 May 2017, Jensen signed a one-year contract with NIFL Premiership side Crusaders.
Coaching career
After a playing career spanning over 25 years, Jensen launched a new GK Icon youth goalkeeping academy in Sandbach, Cheshire on 31 May 2016.
On 1 June 2018, it was announced that he had returned to Bury on a two-year contract as the first team goalkeeping coach, working with manager Ryan Lowe.
On 21 June 2019, Jensen joined the backroom staff as goalkeeping coach at League One side Shrewsbury Town.
Career statistics
Recognition
A child born to Burnley fans in 2011 was named after Jensen, with thirteen middle names after other players on the team.
Honours
Burnley
Football League Championship play-offs: 2009
Crusaders
NIFL Premiership: 2017–18
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Copenhagen
Danish men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Boldklubben af 1893 players
AZ Alkmaar players
Hvidovre IF players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Crusaders F.C. players
Bury F.C. non-playing staff
Mansfield Town F.C. non-playing staff
Eredivisie players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. non-playing staff
Crawley Town F.C. non-playing staff
Association football goalkeeping coaches |
45622651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men-of-War%3A%20Life%20in%20Nelson%27s%20Navy | Men-of-War: Life in Nelson's Navy | Men-of-War: Life in Nelson's Navy by Patrick O'Brian is a short, small-format , illustrated introduction to life aboard the ships of the Royal Navy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the period in which the author's acclaimed Aubrey–Maturin series of novels is set. It was published in 1974.
Reception
Publication history
First published in hardcover in the UK in 1974.
First paperback US edition published by W W Norton & Company in 1995.
An audiobook was published by ISIS Audiobooks in 2007, combined with the last book in the Aubrey–Maturin series; The Final Unfinished Voyage of Jack Aubrey.
References
External links
Men-of-war: Life in Nelson's Navy at HistoricNavalFiction.com
W. W. Norton & Company books |
64142075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misiano | Misiano | Misiano is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Christopher Misiano, American television director and producer
Fortunato Misiano (1899–1976), Italian film producer
Francesco Misiano (1884-1936), Italian communist and film producer.
Vincent Misiano, American television director, brother of Christopher |
44357549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacharias%20Traber | Zacharias Traber | Zacharias Traber (1611–1678) was an Austrian Jesuit. He dedicated himself to studies on optics.
Works
References
External links
Zacharias Traber (1675) Nervus opticus sive tractatus theoricus - digital facsimile from the Linda Hall Library
Optical physicists
17th-century Austrian Jesuits
1611 births
1678 deaths |
41829031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Valiente%20Soriano | José María Valiente Soriano | José María Valiente Soriano (1900-1982) was a Spanish politician. He commenced his career in Acción Nacional and gained recognition as leader of Juventudes de Acción Popular, the youth branch of CEDA. In 1935 he joined Carlism; his political climax fell on the period of 1955-1967, when he was leading the mainstream Traditionalist organisation. After 1971 he unsuccessfully engaged in buildup of conservative monarchist groupings. He served in the Republican parliament during two terms between 1933 and 1936; between 1967 and 1977 during two terms he held a mandate in the Francoist Cortes. In 1937-1942 he was member of Consejo Nacional of Falange Española Tradicionalista.
Family and youth
None of the sources consulted provides information on Valiente's distant ancestors; it is known that his paternal grandfather José Valiente was related to a Murcian town of Yecla, but it is not known what he was doing for a living. His son and Valiente's father, also José Valiente (died 1938), in the late 1870s frequented the local Yeclan Colegio de los Padres Escolapios, and obtained “bachillerato de arte” in 1881. He then studied law at an unspecified university and at least since the mid-1890s served as a notary in Yecla. He married Micaela Soriano e Ibáñez; nothing is known either about her or her family except that her parents were also the natives of Yecla. The couple had 3 children; José Maria was only son. They initially settled in the Valencian town of Chelva, where Valiente served as a notary. In 1900 the family moved to Valencia, where Valiente was admitted to the local notary corps. He served in the Levantine capital for some 20 years; in 1920 or 1921 he moved to Madrid and kept practicing as a notary.
The young José María was brought up in Valencia; in the mid-1910s he was frequenting the local Colegio de San José, run by the Jesuits, and was doing well; in 1917 he obtained bachillerato at Instituto de Valencia. Following preparatory courses in Murcia he then enrolled at law in Universidad Central in Madrid and followed the licenciatura curriculum between 1917 and 1921. Sometime in the early 1920s Valiente Soriano moved to Italy to pursue his academic career in Università di Bologna, where in 1923 he passed the Esame di Laurea in Giurisprudenza. It is not clear whether back in Spain Valiente was further related to Universidad Central, as he got his title of licenciado en derecho confirmed by the Madrid alma mater in 1927. In the late 1920s he commenced work as auxiliary professor at Central; at the same time he practiced as abogado.
In 1933 Valiente married a girl from Santander, Consuelo Setién Rodríguez (died 1986); she was descendant to a family of noble Cantabrian landowners and would later claim the title of Marqués de Pelayo. The couple settled in Madrid at calle General Castaños 4 and had at least 3 children, born in the 1930s; Lucía, Rosa Blanca and José Ignacio Valiente Setién. None of them became a public figure, which is also the case of Valiente's grandchildren. Among other relatives the best known is his nephew Alfredo Prieto Valiente, who was an important Asturian politician and in the years of 1977-1979 served as the Unión de Centro Democrático deputy to the Constituent Cortes. One more Valiente's sister married into the aristocratic Toll-Messia family and his another nephew , Fernando Toll-Messia y Valiente, was the XIII. Conde de Cazalla del Río.
In Christian organizations (1924-1935)
In his youth Valiente's father was a liberal, though in the 1920s he moved to more conservative positions and supported the Primo de Rivera dictatorship. The first information on Valiente Soriano's political engagements comes from 1922: he entered the Madrid branch of Confederación Nacional de Estudiantes Católicos. In 1924 and jointly with Gil Robles he co-founded Vanguardia Social Popular, designed as a youth branch of Partido Social Popular. In 1927, Valiente set up Juventud Católica de España, the ostensibly apolitical grouping concerned with defence and dissemination of Catholic values among the youth; in 1931 it was federated with Acción Católica, a broad organization of lay Catholics led by Ángel Herrera Oria. Later the same year, once the militantly secular course of the Republic began to take shape, he moved to politics by co-founding Acción Nacional (which in 1932 changed its name to Acción Popular), a broad though heterogeneous conservative alliance, and became the vicepresident of its first National Committee. Since Acción Catolica banned its members from holding political party leadership roles, Valiente had to resign from the JCE leadership.
In 1933, Valiente proceeded to build the Acción Popular youth organisation, Juventudes de Acción Popular, and became its president. Soon afterwards AP transformed itself into Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas. JAP, now forming a juvenile branch of CEDA, retained its name and structure; Valiente continued to lead the organisation and became one of the national CEDA chieftains. Under his guidance, Juventudes became an aggressively anti-Lefist and pro-authoritarian group, though falling short of a typical "shirt organization" and denying similarity to Fascism. During the 1933 elections to the Cortes, Valiente, thanks to his Cantabrian family links, negotiated a place on the local Unión de Derechas Agrarias list of candidates and was comfortably elected from the Santander-Cantabria district.
In early 1934, Valiente at least twice secretly travelled to France to speak with Alfonso XIII. His aim was to negotiate the terms of modus vivendi between the monarchists and CEDA, and specifically to ask that for the deposed king refrains from any statements that might impair CEDA's political fortunes. It is not exactly clear to what extent this mission was agreed with the party leader José Gil-Robles, since the two gave conflicting accounts of the incident, but it is usually accepted that the latter was at least approvingly aware. When the news of the Fontainebleau talks leaked to the press CEDA, the party which despite repeated declarations of loyalty towards the Republic was customarily accused of anti-Republican designs by the Left, found itself cornered and embarrassed. Eventually, the official version adopted by CEDA presented the incident as a monarchist plot within the organization. Valiente, apparently with his consent, was made a scapegoat and was expelled from the party. It is not unlikely that the militancy of JAP, perceived by the more acquiescent cedistas as compromising, might have contributed to the harsh line taken against Valiente. He had to leave JAP as well, replaced as its leader by José María Perez de Laborda.
Carlist: Republic and War (1935-1939)
In late 1935, amid a blaze of publicity, Valiente decided to join Comunión Tradicionalista. For the Carlists, he was a valuable acquisition. The JAP militancy and the monarchist episode, embarrassing to the loyalist CEDA, were welcome credentials for the Traditionalists, who made little secret of their intention to do away with the godless regime as soon as possible. From this moment he became a vehement critic of CEDA, indulging in invectives against his former party mates. During the 1936 elections to the Cortes, he ran on the Carlist ticket from the rather conservative Burgos constituency and was elected. He was not noted as a particularly active deputy; his focus was rather on propaganda. His already notable standing on the national political scene was demonstrated when Valiente carried the coffin at the funeral of José Calvo Sotelo.
During the anti-Republican conspiracy, Valiente's role was reduced to negotiations with the would-be Alfonsist allies in the Burgos province, where he resided during the coup of July 18. He became member of the Carlist wartime executive Junta Nacional Carlista de Guerra, where as member of Seccion Administrativa he took care of religious affairs. When Franco expulsed the Carlist leader Manuel Fal Conde from Spain, Valiente acted as his informal substitute. In 1937, facing Franco's pressure to unite the Carlists and Falange, he took part in two crucial meetings of the Carlist executive, in February in Insua and in March in Burgos. Initially he seemed to have been among hardline falcondistas, but later tended to cautious endorsement of compliance and engaged in talks on details of the merger, apparently in hope that some genuine understanding might be achieved.
When Unification Decree was made public Valiente resigned his post as secretary of the Junta; he admitted that the merger conflicted with his feelings and that "there is no moral unity" between the merged parties, but argued that given the circumstances, it had to be accepted. In May 1937 he was among 9 Carlists nominated to provincial FET jefaturas when made the party leader in Burgos; in October as one of 11 Carlists he entered the 50-member Consejo Nacional of the new organization (though not the Junta Politica). More than amalgamation within a motley grouping artificially created by the military, he feared the breakup of Carlism. Having personal authorisation of the regent-claimant Don Javier, Valiente remained in the Falangist Consejo Nacional, but he refused the offer of Rodezno, who assumed the Ministry of Justice in the first Francoist cabinet of 1938 and asked Valiente to be his sub-secretary (the post went to Luis Arellano instead). As member of Consejo Valiente was bombarded with letters of protest and requests for assistance on part of the Carlists who complained about Falangist domination, marginalisation of Traditionalism and personal persecutions; however, there was almost nothing he could have done about it.
Early Francoism (1939-1955)
In 1939 Franco re-appointed Valiente to the new, 2nd Falangist Consejo Nacional. However, in the early 1940s his official Francoist engagements were getting terminated; at unspecified time he ceased as the FET provincial jefe in Burgos, and in 1942 he was not appointed to the 3rd Falangist Consejo Nacional. Save for some religious engagements, the press ceased to mention his name. In the early 1940s Valiente decided to re-launch his academic career and served as auxiliar temporal at the Law Faculty in Madrid. In 1942 he entered the selection process for the post of chair of Civil Law and in 1943 was nominated catedrático numerario in the Universidad de La Laguna in the Canary Islands. In early 1946 he applied for transfer to the parallel position in Universidad de Sevilla; however, when admitted he agreed a swop with Miguel Royo Martínez from Zaragoza. He moved to Aragón, but did not complete the full annual academic cycle. In 1947 Valiente requested unpaid leave. The same year he vacated the post, though formally he remained related to the Zaragoza University; he went on practicing as a lawyer.
Until 1942, when Franco ignored Don Javier's proposal of forming a Carlist-Francoist government, Valiente seemed to hope for a compromise. In 1939 he co-signed Manifestación de los Ideales, a documented addressed to Franco which urged implementation of Traditionalist features; in 1943 he co-signed another one, Reclamación de Poder, this time explicitly referring to instauration of the traditionalist monarchy. In 1945 he attended a grand Carlist anti-Francoist demonstration in Pamplona and delivered an address from the balcony; afterwards he was detained by security and expected facing the firing squad; eventually the sanctions adopted were relatively mild, especially compared to the terror employed against the Left. As one of the key mid-age Carlist followers of Don Javier and his Jefe Delegado Fal Conde, Valiente was courted by Conde Rodezno. The latter invited him to join the juanistas, the group notionally loyal to the regency, but pressing the candidacy of Don Juan, the Alfonsist claimant, as the prospective Carlist king. Valiente refused to adhere.
In 1947 Valiente took part in the informal meeting of the Carlist executive, the first one since 1937; he was nominated vice-president of re-established Carlist Consejo Nacional, effectively the second-in-command within the organization. Highly skeptical about any would-be dynastical agreement Valiente remained loyal to Don Javier; in 1951 he welcomed the claimant in his Madrid home. However, he became somewhat less enthusiastic in 1952, when Don Javier made declarations generally understood as termination of the regency and assumption of his own claim to the throne. Since the early 1950s at meetings of the Carlist command layer Valiente started to make references about "new political situation", thought to be hints about the need to seek rapprochement with the regime. Together with Jose Maria Arauz de Robles and Jose Luis Zamanillo, within Carlism he was soon getting perceived as an advocate of "tendencia colaboracionista".
Leader: ascent (1955-1963)
Around the mid-1950s, the growing feeling among the javieristas was that the intransigent opposition, pursued by Manuel Fal Conde, produced few if any results. Don Javier seemed to agree. Following the resignation of Fal Conde, in 1955 he created Secretariado General, a new collegial governing body of the movement, naming Valiente its provisional president. Consistently opposing the plans of monarchical union, pursued by José María Arauz de Robles, Valiente engineered a more collaborative approach towards Francoism. The time seemed particularly opportune in 1957, when totalitarian plans of the Falangist leader José Arrese were rejected by Franco; the dictator started to make references to Traditionalism and to movimiento-comunión. The law on Principios Fundamentales del Movimiento, adopted in 1958, declared Spain to be a Monarquía Tradicional.
The new strategy of posibilismo was welcomed with mixed feelings among the Carlists; older regional junteros grumbled and a young Navarrese, disguised as a priest, assaulted Valiente in a Pamplona street. His key ally against the internal opposition turned out to be the son of Don Javier, Carlos Hugo, who made a fulminant Príncipe de Asturias entry at the 1957 annual Carlist Montejurra amassment. The prince, greeted with exploding enthusiasm of the youth, delivered his La Proclama de Montejurra which, apart from social novelties, presaged modernization of the party and a more activist policy; it might have been interpreted as an offer to Franco. However, this in turn triggered two secessions, which Valiente was not able to prevent; in 1957 so-called Estorilos declared Don Juan the legitimate Carlist heir, and in 1958 the anti-Francoist intransigents created a splinter faction named RENACE.
Valiente enjoyed full confidence of the claimant and in late 1960 his position within the organisation was enhanced; he was nominated Jefe Delegado, the position vacant since Fal's resignation in 1955. However, his single-handed leadership was relatively brief. In early 1962 Carlos Hugo moved permanently from France to Madrid and set up Secretaría Política, a team of his young collaborators, led by Ramón Massó. Their cooperation with Valiente went well, even though the prince enforced restructuring of the party command layer and introduced new internal regulations; they shifted some power from jefe delegado to personal entourage of the prince.
Initially the rapprochement with the regime, masterminded by Valiente and the Massó, looked promising. The socially radical Falangist leaders, José Solís Ruiz and Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta, started to frequent Carlist rallies. During formation of the new Cortes in 1961 Franco followed Valiente's advice and nominated all the individuals suggested. The regime permitted opening of Círculos Culturales Vázquez de Mella, a network of semi-official Carlist offices, and authorized a few new Carlist periodicals; some of them, like Montejurra, gained popularity and became vehicles of mobilization especially among the youth. Valiente had long audiences with Franco in 1961 and 1962; the dictator declared that he had not decided on his successor and the future monarch yet, and explicitly invited the Carlists to lobby for their cause. Carlos Hugo was personally admitted by Caudillo later in 1962.
Leader: descent (1963-1968)
Valiente, dubbed "the strong man of Carlism", in the early 1960s had to share more and more power with Don Carlos Hugo and his team. Following setup of Secretaría Política in 1962, other new bodies mushroomed and diluted the powers of jefe delegado, with Masso and José Maria Zavala emerging as dynamic new leaders. The closest Valiente's collaborators, Jose Luis Zamanillo and Juan Sáenz-Díez, were getting increasingly marginalized. What started to amount to an open friction was not merely a personalist squabble; Zamanillo and Traditionalist theorists like Francisco Elias de Tejada were alarmed by ambiguous, socially-driven rhetoric of the carlohuguistas. The conflict climaxed in 1963, when Zamanillo was expulsed, Sáenz-Díez was demoted from treasury, while intellectuals related to the Siempre magazine, like Elias de Tejada and Rafael Gambra, distanced themselves from the organization. Valiente, also somewhat uneasy about new ideas advanced by the prince, eventually consented to the measures adopted; he was guided by loyalty to the king. However, the showdown left him increasingly isolated in the Carlist executive, now dominated by the progressist youth.
In the mid-1960s it became clear that the strategy of posibilismo, which initially produced some results, was not leading any further. Censorship imposed almost total media blackout on the 1964 wedding of Don Carlos Hugo, who was also denied the Spanish citizenship; no ministerial nominations materialized. In 1965 Valiente was again admitted by Franco; during the conversation he realized that collaboration has reached its limits, that no more concessions could be expected and that the crowning of Don Carlos Hugo was not even a distant perspective. Presence of prince Juan Carlos at the honorary tribune during the 1965 Victory Day parade made it clear that Franco was leaning towards the Alfonsist dynastical solution.
The carlohuguistas also realized that the Valiente-sponsored posibilismo has crashed. Their social radicalism was losing its pro-Falangist tone and was taking an increasingly Marxist turn instead. Valiente, isolated in the executive, was not in position to prevent it, especially that the new wave or reorganisation left the party management in hands of Zavala and his team. At the time, the carlohuguistas already controlled the Carlist student organization Agrupación Escolar Tradicionalista (AET) and the trade-unionist Movimiento Obrero Tradicionalista (MOT). In 1966-1967 the Traditionalist old guard were effectively sidelined into decorative bodies. Valiente was bombarded with alarm messages which denounced subversive revolutionary infiltration of Carlism; however, guided by loyalty to the king, which seemed to have endorsed the course advanced by his son, and judging the charges as exaggerated, he did not mount firm opposition. Increasingly bewildered, isolated, in disagreement with the course promoted by the prince and consumed by tension, he tried to hand his resignation as jefe delegado; it was eventually accepted by Don Javier in late 1967 and made public in early 1968.
Last years (1968-1982)
Few weeks before getting his resignation accepted, in late 1967 Valiente was nominated to the Cortes, hand-picked by Franco from the pool of his personal appointees. The exact mechanism of the nomination is not clear, though as master of his trademark balancing game the dictator might have intended to play Valiente against Don Carlos Hugo. It is neither clear whether his resignation from jefatura delegada and his appointment to the Cortes were interrelated. Valiente accepted the nomination and in a letter to Don Javier he pledged to continue working for the Carlist cause. In 1968-1969 his relations with the claimant remained cordial, though impaired by health problems of both politicians. It changed when in 1970 Valiente was re-appointed to the Cortes, again as Franco's personal appointee; in an effusive acceptance letter Valiente thanked the dictator and declared that "estoy y quiero estar siempre
con Vuestra Excelencia". Don Javier demanded that the nominee declines the assignment. However, Valiente was already determined not to give in. In a personal letter to the claimant, dated November 1970, he underlined his loyalty to the Traditionalist principles, implicitly suggesting that it was Don Javier who might have abandoned them. The two broke definitely in late 1970, and in the spring of 1971 the so-called I Congreso del Pueblo Carlista, a grand carlohuguista assembly intended to turn Comunion Tradicionalista into a new Partido Carlista, formally expelled Valiente. Later the related terrorist organisation Grupos de Acción Carlista planned an assault against him.
In early 1971 Valiente was already engaged in buildup of Hermandad de Maestrazgo, formally a combatant grouping but intended as a new, genuine Carlist organization. He took part in a grand 1972 assembly, attended by some 700 participants, though he did not assume any formal position; in 1973 he clashed with Zamanillo over would-be alliance with Blas Piñar. Following relaxation of the law on political organizations, para-political groupings were no longer needed; Valiente started working around a new broadly based monarchist party, possibly with titular presidency of Juan Carlos. The organization eventually materialized in 1975 as Unión Nacional Española, but following internal disagreements Valiente left it already in early 1976; some doubted his credibility quoting the secret 1934 talks with Alfonso XIII. Later this year he advocated sort of a Traditionalist umbrella organization in form of a confederation, but failed. He voted in favor of Ley para la Reforma Política, dubbed "suicide of the Francoist Cortes"; as the chamber was dissolved Valiente lost his mandate in 1977. Also in 1977 he engaged in Alianza Popular, but abandoned it the following year in protest against endorsement of the 1978 constitution. In 1979 he joined Derecha Democrática Española, a renewed and failed attempt to build a popular conservative party.
See also
Carlism
Traditionalism (Spain)
Francoist Spain
Footnotes
Further reading
Martin Blinkhorn, Carlism and Crisis in Spain 1931-1939, Cambridge 1975,
Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta, El naufragio de las ortodoxias. El carlismo 1962-1977, Pamplona 1997, ISBN 8431315644
Manuel Martorell Pérez, La continuidad ideológica del carlismo tras la Guerra Civil [PhD thesis UNED], Valencia 2009
Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El final de una ilusión. Auge y declive del tradicionalismo carlista (1957-1967), Madrid 2016, ISBN 9788416558407
Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, José María Valiente Soriano: Una semblanza política, [in:] Memoria y Civilización 15 (2012), pp. 249–265,
Mercedes Vázquez de Prada, El nuevo rumbo político del Carlismo hacia la colaboración con el regimen (1955-1956), [in:] Hispania LXIX/231 (2009), pp. 179–208,
External links
political biography of Valiente
Sevilla University catalogue
Historical Index of Deputies
1900 births
1982 deaths
Carlists
Academic staff of the Complutense University of Madrid
Leaders of political parties in Spain
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Members of the Cortes Españolas
People of the Spanish Civil War
Popular Action (Spain) politicians
Spanish monarchists
Politicians from Valencia
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
Spanish Roman Catholics
University of Bologna alumni
Academic staff of the University of Seville
Academic staff of the University of Zaragoza
20th-century Spanish lawyers |
30579059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemin%20de%20fer%20de%20l%27Outaouais | Chemin de fer de l'Outaouais | The Chemin de fer de l'Outaouais, (CFO) or the Compagnie de chemin de fer de l'Outaouais (CCFO) is a railroad that linked the city of Gatineau to Wakefield, in the province of Quebec. Before 1986 the track extended to Maniwaki.
The company is owned by the cities of Gatineau, Chelsea, and La Pêche.
See also
Hull–Chelsea–Wakefield Railway
1904 in rail transport
Quebec Gatineau Railway
References
External links
Government of Canada
Railways in Ottawa
UP THE LINE
Quebec railways
Companies based in Gatineau
Transport in Gatineau |
41926044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya%20%281999%20film%29 | Maya (1999 film) | Maya is a 1999 trilingual devotional film, produced and directed by Rama Narayanan. The film featured Napolean alongside Nagma, while S. P. Balasubrahmanyam plays a supporting role. The venture was simultaneously shot in Tamil, Telugu and Kannada, with the other versions being titled as Gurupoornima and Jayasurya respectively, with scenes overlapping. The Tamil version was dubbed in Hindi as Sai Tere Maya. The films, which had music composed by R. R. G, opened in January, 1999.
Cast
Napolean as Prathap (Suriya in Kannada)
Nagma as Lakshmi
S. P. Balasubrahmanyam as Bomma Rangan
Vadivelu
Tennis Krishna
T. P. Gajendran
Rami Reddy as Bangaar Rao
Vadivukkarasi as Anitha
Girish Karnad
Sheela as Jayasurya
Soundtrack
The soundtrack was composed by R. R. G.
Release
The Tamil and Kannada versions were released in 1999, with the Telugu version released shortly thereafter.
References
External links
1999 films
1990s Tamil-language films
Indian multilingual films
Indian fantasy films
Films directed by Rama Narayanan
Hindu devotional films
1990s Telugu-language films
1990s Kannada-language films
1999 fantasy films
1999 multilingual films |
152391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarcroft | Scarcroft | Scarcroft is a village and civil parish north east of Leeds city centre in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, West Yorkshire, England. The village lies on the main A58 road between Leeds and Wetherby. It had a population of 1,153 increasing to 1,194 at the 2011 Census.
The village of Bardsey is further eastwards on the A58 towards Wetherby.
The Scarcroft Watermill was built in 1810 to grind corn.
There is one pub in Scarcroft, the New Inn, established in 1852. It was at one time called The Bracken Fox but reverted to its former name in 2011. The village's shop and post office have closed. The closest local shops are in Bardsey, Shadwell and Whinmoor. The closest supermarkets are Tesco in Seacroft and Morrisons in Wetherby.
Scarcroft is also renowned for having among the most expensive streets in Leeds: Bracken Park, recently revealed as the most expensive and Ling Lane, regularly appearing in top ten lists.
Location grid
See also
Listed buildings in Scarcroft
References
External links
Scarcroft Parish Council website
BBC Leeds - Where I Live - Scarcroft mini guide
The Ancient Parish of Thorner at GENUKI: Scarcroft was in this parish
Places in Leeds
Villages in West Yorkshire
Civil parishes in West Yorkshire |
31708890 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna%20of%20South%20Africa | Fauna of South Africa | The fauna of South Africa is diverse and largely typical of the ecosystems in Africa. South Africa is ranked sixth out of the world's 17 megadiverse countries. Many endemic species are unique to South Africa. The country is among the world leaders in conservation, but at the time wildlife is threatened by poaching and canned hunting.
Habitats
The topography and geology of South Africa is extremely varied, resulting in a wide variety of habitats. Due to this, South Africa enjoys high biodiversity, and is ranked sixth out of the world's seventeen megadiverse countries. In the extreme northwest of the country is true desert, which is the southernmost end of the Namib desert, a desert that is at least 55 million years old, making it the oldest desert in the world. This arid corner intergrades into the extensive semi-arid Karoo found across much of South Africa, covering the Northern Cape and into parts of the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and the Free State. This biome used to be extensive grassland in the past, but has become dominated by small shrubs and succulents due to centuries of overgrazing. To the north and east of these biomes is the Kalahari, which is mainly semi-arid woodland, dominated by thorn trees of the genus Acacia. The north-east and eastern parts of South Africa (Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Kwa-Zulu Natal)is covered with savanna and open woodlands known as bushveld. This area supports the widest variety of wildlife in the country. The most prevalent biome in South Africa is grassland, particularly on the Highveld, where the plant cover is dominated by different grasses and low shrubs. In this biome trees are rare and occur only along watercourses where fires are uncommon. Towards the southern coast, the vegetation is again dominated by shrubs in ecological communities known as thicket and noorsveld, where succulent species such as Euphorbia, Aloe, and Portulacaria afra are common, as well as Cape honeysuckle Tecoma capensis and Cape leadwort Plumbago auriculata. To the west, the vegetation intergrades into Mediterranean shrubland known locally as fynbos, dominated mainly by plant families rare in other habitats, such as Proteaceae, Ericaceae and Restionaceae. Here the vegetation is made up of sclerophyllous plants which do not support much mammal or bird life. Finally, the last biome found is forest, which only covers 1% of South Africa and is concentrated around the Knysna area and scattered along the escarpment of the Drakensberg mountains upwards along Kwa-Zulu Natal.
Mammals
The country has over 300 species of mammals.
Carnivores
Many carnivores, both large and small, inhabit South Africa. Most carnivoran families are well represented in South Africa, such as Canidae, Felidae, Hyaenidae, Mustelidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae, and Otariidae. Most famous of these is the lion, the largest carnivore on the continent and the second-largest cat in the world. The other two big cats are the African leopard and the South African cheetah. The spotted hyena is commonly found in most large game reserves, while the brown hyena inhabits the arid parts of the country, and the aardwolf is widespread. The African wild dog is an endangered species and is found mainly in the Kruger National Park and surrounding areas.
Smaller carnivores are common across the country, and two species, the black-backed jackal and the caracal, are seen by some as pest species, often taking livestock such as sheep and goats, as lion, leopard, cheetah, African wild dog, and both species of hyena have been largely extirpated outside of protected areas. The serval is a rodent specialist and often occurs in marshy areas. Bat-eared foxes, Cape foxes and small felids such as the black-footed cat (Felis nigripes) and Southern African wildcat (Felis sylvestris cafra) are widespread, although there are concerns about the genetic purity of the African wild cat, as it breeds readily with both domestic and feral domestic cats (Felis sylvestris catus), which dilutes the African wild cat's gene pool. There are many species of mongoose, such as the meerkat, yellow mongoose and water mongoose. There are two genet species, the common genet and the large spotted genet. There are relatively few mustelid species in South Africa, as it appears that most niches taken by mustelids elsewhere in the world are taken up by viverrids and herpestids in sub-Saharan Africa (only seven species are native to Africa south of the Sahara). Two species of otter are native to South Africa, both inhabiting freshwater habitats and the Cape clawless otter ranging into the sea at the coast. The honey badger is probably the best known mustelid native to the region; aside from the otters, two other species occur, the African striped weasel and the striped polecat - their black-and-white fur serves the same function as that of skunks. The only seal native to the region is the brown fur seal, which breeds in large colonies off Namibia and South Africa.
Herbivores
Artiodactyls
South Africa has many antelope species, some which are widespread and are well known in other parts of the world, and some that are endemic. There is an extinct species of antelope endemic to South Africa known as the bluebuck. Several antelopes are found in different habitats. Species such as the gemsbok are found in arid areas, the black wildebeest (an endemic species) in grasslands, the Cape grysbok in fynbos, the impala in savanna and the klipspringer in rocky terrain. Other species range in a wider variety of habitats, such as the Springbok in arid shrublands, semidesert and grassland, and the Greater Kudu in thicket, open woodlands and riverine vegetation. South Africa has a wealth of small antelope species, such as the aforementioned klipspringer and Cape grysbok, common duiker, blue duiker, steenbok and oribi.
There are also larger artiodactyl species, such as the Cape buffalo, common eland and the giraffe. These are preyed upon mainly by lions.
Common warthogs are common in the east of the country. Bushpigs occur in habitats with dense cover.
Distantly related to the warthog and the bushpig but closer to cetaceans is the hippopotamus, an amphibious mammal that usually submerges itself in water bodies during the day and comes on land to feed on grasses during the night. The hippopotamus is found in the eastern part of the country down to the St Lucia wetlands/ Kosi Bay estuary in Kwa-Zulu Natal, although they used to be much more widespread, occurring as far west as Cape Town and down the length of the Orange River. There is a small population of hippos in Cape Town, where they were reintroduced to control alien vegetation. After their arrival in 1652 the Dutch settlers, led by founder of Cape Town Jan van Riebeeck, shot the resident hippopotamus population to extinction for meat and hides.
Perissiodactyls
Herbivores which are not artiodactyls also occur in the region. There are two native species of equids in the country, the plains zebra and the mountain zebra. An extinct subspecies of the plains zebra, the quagga, was endemic to the country.
Both the white rhinoceros and the black rhinoceros occur in the country. Neither can be distinguished by the colour, as both are a similar colour, but can be told apart by the shape of their mouths: with the white rhino, it has a wide or square mouth, while the black has a hook-lipped mouth. Both also behave differently, with the black rhino being smaller, shyer, and more aggressive.
Rodents, insectivores and lagomorphs
There are again many species of rodents in South Africa, such as the vlei rat and four-striped grass mouse.
The three alien species of muriod rodents, the brown rat, the black rat and the house mouse, are all widespread in the country.
The Cape ground squirrel is common in arid areas and often shares its burrows with mongooses and meerkats, and is known to use its bushy tail as an umbrella from the harsh sun. There are tree squirrels, one of which is an introduced species: the eastern grey squirrel, introduced in Cape Town by Cecil John Rhodes from Europe. The rest, such as Paraxerus cepapi, are found in the savanna biome in the north-east of the country.
Shrews occur, which prey on invertebrates. The Southern African hedgehog (Atelerix frontalis) is a hedgehog that is native to South Africa. It differs from the European hedgehog in having a dark face bordered by white fur and longer legs, an adaptation to a warmer climate. They are found in the Eastern Cape northwards to Zimbabwe.
The South African springhare is common in savanna and semiarid habitats. This animal is similar in appearance to a small wallaby, but it is actually a rodent. It consumes tubers and bulbs.
Scrub hares and Cape hares are common in all regions of South Africa, and are a common prey item of many predatory species such as leopards, cheetahs and birds of prey. The riverine rabbit is a critically endangered species of rabbit that is confined to several small populations in the Karoo. Smith's red rock hare (Pronolagus rupestris), Jameson's red rock hare (Pronolagus randensis) and the Natal red rock hare (P. crassicaudatus) are three species of hare that live in rocky environments, hence their name. These species are isolated from one another in where they live. There is an introduced population of European rabbits on Robben Island, which is under a culling programme.
Afrotheria
The origins of the taxon Afrotheria is deeply rooted in the African continent. The best known of these is the aardvark and the African bush elephant. Most members of the Afrotheria have remained in Africa.
The African bush elephant is the only proboscidean in South Africa, and the largest native animal. It is an ecosystem engineer, opening up dense thicket and woodland for more open-habitat species.
The aardvark is an odd-looking creature. It is a prodigious digger and sleeps in burrows during the day. It feeds mainly on termites and ants.
There are two species of dassies or hyraxes, the rock hyrax and the tree hyrax, the former widespread over the country and the latter occurring in the eastern part of the country. They are relatives of the elephants, although not the closest (sirenians are more closely related). Their major predators are the Verreaux's eagle and the caracal.
Elephant shrews resemble shrews but are not related to them. They similarly eat arthropods.
Primates
The largest primate in the region, excluding humans, is the chacma baboon. A true generalist, it is found in virtually all habitats in South Africa. The other primates in the region are the vervet monkey and the Samango monkey. They are mainly frugivores, although they are true opportunists and may take eggs and nestlings from bird nests.
Avifauna
858 species of birds have been recorded in South Africa.
Raptors
There are many raptor species found in South Africa, some of which are the eagles, hawks, falcons and vultures.
Eagles are widespread over the country. Different species inhabit different habitats. The African fish eagle is found wherever there are large bodies of water, and takes mainly fish and occasionally other vertebrates. The martial eagle is found in savanna, while Verreaux's eagle is found in areas with rocky terrain and mountains. The Verreaux's eagle is being given attention by conservation authorities as there has been noticeable population decline in some areas. It is an important predator of the rock hyrax. The crowned eagle is a forest species, and takes monkeys and duikers. There are myriad species of hawk found across the country; examples are harriers, sparrowhawks, the African harrier hawk, Buteo species known as buzzards (the jackal buzzard), and kites, such the black-winged kite.
The falcons are well represented by a number of species. The peregrine falcon is both a resident and a visitor, and nests mainly on cliffs. More common than the peregrine and similar in appearance is the lanner falcon. Both prey mainly on other birds. The rock kestrel is widespread. There is a highly localised population of the Taita falcon.
The vultures that occur in South Africa are Old World vultures, locally represented by the lappet-faced vulture, the white-backed vulture, the Cape vulture and the highly unusual palm-nut vulture. The Egyptian vulture is extinct as a local resident and occurs only as a rare vagrant. All the vultures except the palm-nut are scavengers.
Game birds and waterfowl
Gamebirds
The gamebirds are represented by the families Numididae and the large family Phasianidae.
The guineafowls are characterised in South Africa by the crested guineafowl which is restricted to bushveld, and the helmeted guineafowl, which is widespread and common in urban and agricultural areas.
The Phasianidae are locally constituted of the francolins, quails, partridges and the Indian peafowl, which is an alien species that has escaped from captivity in some areas. Some of the francolins include the Cape francolin, Swainson's francolin, and Natal francolin, to name a few. The quails are represented by the harlequin quail and the common quail. The chukar partridge, another alien species from Eurasia, is restricted to Robben Island.
The waterfowl are well represented in South Africa. They include the dabbling ducks of the genus Anas, the shelducks and the sheldgeese, the extremely common Egyptian goose, and the spur-winged goose.
Near-passerines
Hornbills, bee-eaters, rollers, kingfishers, the hoopoe and woodhoopoes are all common in the region.
Hornbills
The largest species is the southern ground hornbill. It occurs only in nature reserves. Other well-known species include the southern yellow-billed hornbill, the southern red-billed hornbill, the African grey hornbill and the trumpeter hornbill. Hornbills are characterised by a large downcurved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a casque on the upper mandible. They are omnivores, eating both fruit and small animals such as chameleons; the ground hornbill is an adept hunter and will forage in packs, flushing out prey such as locusts, lizards and even tortoises.
Bee-eaters
Bee-eaters are brightly coloured birds with a long dark, decurved bill, useful for holding bees and wasps at beak's length. The most common is the southern carmine bee-eater. bee-eaters nest in holes on river banks.
Rollers
Similar in colour to the bee-eaters but resembling crows in size and shape are the rollers, family Coraciidae. Among the most well-known is the lilac-breasted roller and the European roller. They hawk for insects from perches.
Kingfishers
The kingfishers are famous as hunters of fish, but not all species hunt fish or over water. Indeed, some hunt away from water, such as the brown-hooded kingfisher, which is a woodland species that hunts large insects and small vertebrates. Some South African species are among the largest of their kind, such as the giant kingfisher and the pied kingfisher. Others are the smallest, such as the malachite kingfisher.
Hoopoe and wood-hoopoes
The hoopoe is one of the most wide-ranging bird species in the world, resident over much of Europe, Asia and Africa. The African subspecies (which some authorities elevate to full species status), is more russet in colour than its northerly relative and feeds similarly on insects, hawking for them and probing the soil with the long bill.
Wood-hoopoes, despite the name, are not related to the hoopoe, but along with the scimitarbills reside in a family all of their own, the Phoeniculidae. The green woodhoopoe is widespread over much of the country, and the other South African species is the common scimitarbill. The wood-hoopoes feed on arthropods, especially insects, which they find by probing with their bills in rotten wood and in crevices in bark, such as on the paper-bark thorn.
Passerines
The passerines are one of the largest bird orders, with over 5,000 identified species.
Starlings and oxpeckers
There are several species of starling in South Africa, two of which are introduced species: the common starling and the common myna. The common starling was introduced by Cecil John Rhodes in 1890 from Europe in Cape Town. The common myna was introduced in Durban in 1902 and has become common in Kwa-Zulu Natal and has spread further north to Gauteng. Fortunately, it has no significant impact on rural and natural habitats.
The red-winged starling is extremely common and widespread across the country, absent only in the arid north-west, where it is replaced by its close relative the pale-winged starling. The difference between the two is that the red-winged has rufous primaries while the pale-winged has whitish primaries edged with orange. The pale-winged has a bright red or orange eye, while the red-winged's is dark, almost black. Only the female of the red-winged has a grey head.
The pied starling occurs over much of the country.
Corvids
There are four species of corvid which occur in the region, three native and one introduced (the house crow, likely ship-assisted). The pied crow is widespread and common including in urban areas, with the white-necked raven, the largest corvid in the region, inhabiting mountainous areas and increasingly in urban areas. The Cape crow is mainly restricted to rural habitats. The house crow can be found in Cape Town and Durban, where control measures have been implemented with varying degrees of success.
Ratites
The only ratite in the country and the largest bird in the world is the common ostrich. It is widely farmed in the Little Karoo region.
Amphibians
Amphibians in South Africa are represented by the frogs and toads (order Anura); the salamander and caecilian orders are absent. About 110 out of the 135 species of frog native to Southern Africa exist in South Africa, about 50% of them endemic. About 15% of the total number of species are threatened to varying degrees according to IUCN guidelines. Frogs tend to be less abundant in the arid west compared to the rest of the country.
The ten or so families in South Africa are as follows:
Rain frogs
The rain frogs belong to the family Microhylidae and are classified in the genus Breviceps. Rain frogs are unable to swim; if they fall into a body of water, they puff up and float until they reach the shore.
River or 'typical' frogs
The Cape river frog falls under the family Pyxicephalidae, and is widespread over the country, also occurring in Namibia, Lesotho, and Swaziland. In the same family is the critically endangered micro frog, classified in its own genus, Microbatrachella.
Genus Pyxicephalus comprises the African bullfrog, which are among the biggest amphibians in the world.
Cacos, puddle frogs, African torrent frogs
The common caco is a species of frog in the family Petropedetidae. This family, along with the Pyxicephalidae mentioned above, are often placed as subfamilies in the family Ranidae.
Ghost frogs
The family Heleophrynidae is endemic to Southern Africa and are known as the ghost frogs. They inhabit fast-moving streams. Some are confined to restricted areas in South Africa, such as the Table Mountain ghost frog and the natal ghost frog.
'Typical' toads
The 'typical' toads, of family Bufonidae, include the western leopard toad, the raucous toad, the guttural toad and a few other species.
Clawed frogs
The Pipidae are a family of primitive, aquatic frogs, with representatives both in Southern Africa and South America. The most famous member is the African clawed frog, or Platanna. This frog is a model organism for biological study, and it was once used extensively for pregnancy tests, where the urine from pregnant women induced the frog to lay eggs. The platanna may be the source of the chytrid fungus that is devastating frog species worldwide. A less well-known relative is the Cape platanna, which is endangered.
Sedge and bush frogs
The family Hyperoliidae has a few representatives in South Africa, including the painted reed frog, the arum lily reed frog, and Kassina maculata.
Moss frogs
The only locally occurring member of the family Rhacophoridae, the grey foam-nest treefrog has an interesting breeding system. A female lays her eggs onto a tree branch. Several males then cluster around her and fertilise the eggs by producing sperm which they whip into a foamy 'nest' with their hind legs. After a period of time, the tadpoles exit this 'foam nest' and drop into the pond or puddle below. This species is present in the north-east of the country.
Squeakers
The common squeaker is another species which is the sole representative of its family, in this case Arthroleptidae, in South Africa.
Shovelnose frogs
The Marbled snout-burrower is a member of the family Hemisotidae.
Reptiles
Many reptiles inhabit South Africa, including snakes, lizards, tortoises and turtles, and crocodiles.
The Nile crocodile inhabits water bodies located in the north and east of the country; the west and south are either too cool or too arid for the crocodile. Warning signs are placed wherever crocodiles are known to exist to alert people to their presence; the Nile crocodile is one of the most dangerous animals in Africa.
Many species of snake, both venomous and non-venomous, make South Africa their home. The largest is the African rock python, a non-venomous snake that kills its prey, which includes creatures up to the size of an antelope, by constriction. A much smaller species that also kills by constriction is the mole snake; as its name suggests, this snake preys on small mammals, most often rodents such as mole-rats.
Many venomous snakes occur, some of which include famous examples such as the black mamba (one of the most deadly snakes in the world), eastern green mamba, boomslang, Cape cobra and rinkhals. Though human fatalities can occur, these snakes are normally timid and prefer to avoid humans. Snakes, both venomous and non-venomous, are important in controlling rodent populations.
Several species of tortoise occur. The most widespread is the leopard tortoise, which inhabits semi-arid and grassland habitats.
Fish, sea, and river life
South Africa has rich and varied sea life, thanks to the confluence of two major oceans (the Atlantic and the Indian) around its southernmost point, Cape Agulhas.
The country is well known for its great white sharks; shark tourism is an important part of tourism in the southern Cape region.
Coelacanths, formerly considered extinct since the Late Cretaceous period, were discovered in 1938 when one was caught off the eastern coast of the country. A population exists in iSimangaliso Wetland Park, Kwazulu-Natal.
Terrestrial invertebrates
Mollusca
Oligochaeta
The Oligochaeta fauna is represented by over 140 species of the families Acanthodrilidae, Enchytraeidae, Eudrilidae, Haplotaxidae, Microchaetidae and Tritogeniidae.
Insecta
Coleoptera
Beetles are among best studied South African insect groups and include a number of endemic species.
Lepidoptera
Diptera
The flies native to South Africa have been classified into over 90 families.
Hymenoptera
Threats to wildlife
Poaching of rhinoceroses has become a national issue for South Africa. In 2015, 1175 rhinos were killed for their horn, which is an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. Since then, the rate of rhinos being poached for their horn has been increasing exponentially every year. However, this trend was bucked in 2015, where the number of rhinos poached were lower than the year before. Currently, poaching is carried out by sophisticated criminal syndicates.
Bones and body parts of at least 6,058 lions were exported from South Africa between 2008 and 2016. Owners of private game ranches breed lions for the canned hunting industry.
References |
26677325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkan%20%28series%29 | Parkan (series) | Parkan is a series of video games that combine space flight and trade simulation with first-person shooter style game play. Namely it allows players to board ships. "Parkan" is the name of the spaceship, which means boomerang for its shape.
Parkan: The Imperial Chronicles () - the first game of the series space simulator and first-person shooter
Parkan: Iron Strategy () - a spin-off first-person shooter and real-time strategy and mecha
Parkan II () - the newest game space simulator and first-person shooter
Development
Parkan: The Imperial Chronicles was originally published in 1997. In 2016, Nikita released the game on the GOG.com platform.
See also
Mass Effect
Precursors (video game)
References
External links
Game.EXE review
1997 video games
First-person shooters
First-person strategy video games
Science fiction video games
Space trading and combat simulators
Video games using procedural generation
Video games developed in Russia
Windows games
Windows-only games |
28609396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20African%20Class%205E1%2C%20Series%202 | South African Class 5E1, Series 2 | The South African Railways Class 5E1, Series 2 of 1963 was an electric locomotive.
In 1963 and 1964 the South African Railways placed 130 Class 5E1, Series 2 electric locomotives with a Bo-Bo wheel arrangement in mainline service. These were the first electric locomotives to be built in South Africa in quantity.
Manufacturer
Series 2 of the Metropolitan-Vickers (Metrovick)-designed 3 kV DC Class 5E1 electric locomotive was built for the South African Railways (SAR) by Union Carriage and Wagon (UCW) in Nigel, Transvaal, with the electrical equipment being supplied by Associated Electrical Industries (AEI).
UCW, at the time Australian-owned, had opened its works at Nigel in 1959 and the building of the Class 5E1, Series 2 was its first large locomotive order.
It did not allocate builder's numbers to the locomotives it built for the SAR, but used the SAR unit numbers for record keeping. The Series 2 locomotives were all built in 1963 and were numbered in the range from E591 to E720.
No. E591, the series leader, was officially handed over to the SAR in January 1963 as the first mainline electric locomotive constructed in South Africa.
Identifying features
The locomotive had two cut-outs on the roofline on the roof access ladder side, but an unbroken roofline on the opposite side. Like the predecessor Class 5E, the Class 5E1, Series 1 and 2 had two rectangular access panels on the lower sides above the battery box, but they also had an additional rectangular panel on the lower sides above the second axle from the left.
The Series 1 and 2 locomotives could be distinguished from each other by the builder's plates on their end doors, a rectangular Metropolitan-Vickers plate on Series 1 locomotives and an oval Union Carriage and Wagon plate on Series 2. The Series 3, 4 and 5 locomotives could be visually distinguished from earlier models by their three small square access panels on the lower sides above the battery box instead of the two larger rectangular panels on the Series 1 and 2 locomotives.
Traction motor bearings
The axle-hung traction motors of all earlier SAR electric locomotives were suspended on the axles by means of plain oil-lubricated bearings consisting of bronze shells with white metal linings. After the introduction of the more powerful Class 5E1, Series 1, considerable trouble was experienced due to flaking of the white metal linings as a result of the increased intensity of the pressure on these bearings. The use of roller bearings was investigated and one traction motor of a Class 1E was converted for trial purposes. Since satisfactory results were obtained, it was decided to alter the specifications and equip the AEI 281 AZX traction motors of these 130 UCW-built Series 2 locomotives with roller-type suspension bearings.
The arrangement consisted of a self-aligning spherical roller bearing at the pinion end and a parallel roller bearing at the commutator end of the traction motor. The bearings were grease-lubricated and were carried in a split cannon box to which the traction motor was attached by means of two clamps which engaged cylindrically-machined seatings on the outside of the housing. The roller-type suspension bearings required little attention other than the replenishment of the grease when the wheels were removed for tyre-turning.
Orders for the subsequent Class 5E1, Series 3 and later models made provision for roller suspension bearings incorporating a lip-type cylindrical roller bearing to replace the self-aligning ball bearing at the pinion end, and alternatively for tapered roller bearings at both ends. Since the external dimensions of the bearing housings would remain the same, the traction motors would still be freely interchangeable.
Service
The Class 5E1 family served on all 3 kV DC electrified mainlines country-wide for almost forty years. They worked the vacuum-braked goods and mainline passenger trains over the lines radiating south, west and north of Durban almost exclusively until the mid-1970s and Class 6E1s only became regular motive power in Natal when air-braked car trains began running between Durban and the Reef. By the early 2000s the Series 2 locomotives were all withdrawn.
After withdrawal from SAR service, fifteen of the Series 2 locomotives were sold to the Middelburg, Transvaal mines of the Ingwe Coal Corporation, where three were later scrapped and the rest renumbered in the range from 5401 to 5412. The Ingwe locomotives were numbers E607, E609, E617, E630, E649, E650, E655, E661, E669, E670, E673, E675, E678, E681 and E696.
Liveries
When the SAR celebrated 100 years of railways in South Africa in 1960, new colour schemes were adopted for passenger stock as well as electric and diesel-electric locomotives. Gulf Red with signal red cowcatchers was the colour initially chosen for locomotives and the yellow whiskers and stripes were carried over from the earlier green livery. As it had been on the green livery, the yellow side-stripes were initially applied to the full body-length of electric locomotives, but in the 1970s these were curtailed to just beyond the cab-sides, with the number plates on the sides still enclosed in three-stripe wings.
Preservation
Currently two of the Class 5E1 Series 2 are preserved for the time being.
Class 5E1 E613 is preserved at Bloemfontein Loco Depot as a historical monument with intentions to display her as a museum exhibit.
Class 5E1 E615 is waiting disposal at Bellville Loco Depot.
Illustration
The main picture shows no. E610 in the SAR Gulf Red and whiskers livery which was introduced in 1960 and in which the whole series was delivered. No. E613, displayed below in the pre-1960 SAR green and whiskers livery with incorrectly curtailed side-stripes and Bellville Depot’s trademark yellow cowcatchers, was repainted green in the early 1990s for use on Union Limited tourist trains.
References
2820
Metropolitan-Vickers locomotives
Union Carriage & Wagon locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
Cape gauge railway locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1963
1963 in South Africa |
26886691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reca%C8%99%20%28disambiguation%29 | Recaș (disambiguation) | Recaş may refer to:
Recaș, town in Timiș County, Banat, Romania
Recaș River, tributary of the Valea Cărăşiţa River in Romania
ACS Recaș, Romanian professional football club from Recaş, Timiș County
Recas
Recas, municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain
See also
Reca (disambiguation) |
69242221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffron%20Jordan | Saffron Jordan | Saffron Jordan (born 27 November 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for Blackburn Rovers.
Club career
Jordan signed for Blackburn in 2014. In July 2020 and June 2021 she signed a one-year contract extension.
Jordan was the Blackburn Rovers captain until September 2022 when she stood down. She was replaced by a "leadership group" of three players. Natasha Fenton, Jade Richards and Helen Seed were elected by players and staff to lead the team for the 2022-2023 season.
Personal life
Jordan has a dual-career and alongside football, works for the NHS.
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Saffron Jordan worked as a member of the critical care ward throughout, whilst continuing a career in football.
Awards
Jordan was selected in the Her Football Hub team of the month for October 2021.
References
Living people
1993 births
English women's footballers
Women's association football forwards
Blackburn Rovers W.F.C. players
Saint Leo University alumni
College women's soccer players in the United States
Footballers from Manchester |
45292004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Buddle | Nathan Buddle | Nathan John Buddle (born 29 September 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Spennymoor Town. He has previously played for Hartlepool United, Carlisle United and Gateshead.
Career
Youth career
Buddle was born in a small town in Northumberland called Amble. He grew up supporting Newcastle United FC and started out in their under 8’s team and left when he was 14, whilst still at school. Buddle began his senior career with Hartlepool United. Having risen through the youth ranks with the 'monkey-hangers' and having a brilliant couple of years in the youth team, he was released at the end of the 2012–13 season.
Non-League
Buddle then signed a deal with non-league side Blyth Spartans, on non contract terms. He went on to represent the club 83 times during his 2 years with the club, scoring 5 goals from defence. During this period, reached the 3rd round of the FA Cup before finally being knocked out by Championship side; Birmingham City.
Carlisle United
Following some good performances for Blyth, including being part of their incredible FA Cup run which saw them defeat Buddle's former club Hartlepool United, Buddle signed for League Two side Carlisle United following a successful trial spell. The contract lasted until the end of the 2014–15 season. Buddle was then offered a new deal with the cumbrians but opted to sign for Gateshead at the start of the 2015–16 campaign.
Gateshead
Buddle left Carlisle after limited opportunities in Cumbria, and announced that he was signing for National League team Gateshead on 26 June 2015, making his debut in a 2–1 victory over Boreham Wood on 15 August. He scored his first goal for Gateshead in a 1–2 defeat against Welling United on 19 September.
Return to Blyth
On 4 January 2016, former club Blyth Spartans announced Buddle was to return on a 28-day loan, which was finalised three days later. This move was made permanent on 4 February 2016, after his Gateshead contract was cancelled by mutual consent.
Spennymoor Town
On 28 May 2019 it was confirmed, that Buddle had joined Spennymoor Town.
Career statistics
A. The "League" column constitutes appearances and goals (including those as a substitute) in The Football League, National League and Northern Premier League.
B. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals (including those as a substitute) in the FA Trophy, Northern Premier League Challenge Cup and Northumberland Senior Cup.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
People from Amble
Footballers from Northumberland
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Blyth Spartans A.F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Gateshead F.C. players
Northern Premier League players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Spennymoor Town F.C. players |
3032872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/628%20Christine | 628 Christine | 628 Christine is a minor planet orbiting the Sun.
References
External links
000628
Discoveries by August Kopff
Named minor planets
000628
19070307 |
58103025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1411%20in%20France | 1411 in France | Events from the year 1411 in France
Incumbents
Monarch – Charles VI
Events
June 4 - Charles VI grants a monopoly for the ripening of Roquefort cheese to the people of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon.
Births
Unknown - Isabella of Brittany (died 1444)
Deaths
July 15 - Jean Petit, theologian (born 1360)
References
1410s in France |
57322227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamine%20Traor%C3%A9%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201993%29 | Lamine Traoré (footballer, born 1993) | Lamine Traoré (born 21 September 1993) is a Malian international footballer who plays as a striker.
Career
Born in Bamako, Traoré has played for Onze Créateurs, Stade Gabèsien and CO Médenine.
He made his international debut for Mali in 2015.
References
1993 births
Living people
Malian men's footballers
Mali men's international footballers
AS Onze Créateurs de Niaréla players
Stade Gabèsien players
CO Médenine players
Wej SC players
Saudi Second Division players
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
Men's association football forwards
Malian expatriate men's footballers
Malian expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia
Malian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Tunisia
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Footballers from Bamako
21st-century Malian people
Mali men's A' international footballers
2016 African Nations Championship players |
62507313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horinouchi | Horinouchi | Horinouchi may refer to:
Horinouchi, Niigata, a former town in Kitauonuma District, Niigata Prefecture, Japan
Horinouchi Station, a railway station in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
People with the surname
, Japanese diplomat
See also
Horiuchi, a Japanese surname
Japanese-language surnames |
46859718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminul%20Hoque%20%28writer%29 | Aminul Hoque (writer) | Aminul Hoque, MBE () is a Bangladeshi-born British lecturer and writer.
Early life
Aminul Hoque was born to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Bagir Ghat in Golapganj Upazila, Sylhet, Bangladesh. Aminul Hoque's father had been living and working in Britain since the early 1960s so the rest of his family joined him in 1980.
Aminul Hoque grew up in a predominantly Bangladeshi neighbourhood in Tower Hamlets. His early memories were of extreme poverty, overcrowding and experiencing racism. Aminul Hoque graduated from the University of Sussex. He completed two degrees and a PhD.
Career
Since October 2008, Aminul Hoque has been a lecturer in the Department of Educational Studies at Goldsmiths, and a visiting lecturer at London Metropolitan University.
Aminul Hoque's writing and work focuses on issues of multicultural Britain, identity, social justice, youth policy, religion and race relations. In 2015, his book British-Islamic Identity: Third-generation Bangladeshis from East London was published.
In February 2015, he contributed in a discussion regarding the three British schoolgirls from Bethnal Green Academy who left home to join the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant on BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio 4. In the same month, he spoke at the London Festival of Education, hosted by the Institute of Education. In April of the same year, he was interviewed by Nihal on BBC Asian Network. In May of the same year, he contributed on BBC Radio 4's Today programme. In July 2015, he was interviewed by Nadia Ali on BBC Asian Network about his Ramadan memories and the British Bangladeshi community.
Aminul Hoque's background is in youth, community and voluntary work. He is an expert in young people and cultural identity. Most of his community work is in Tower Hamlets. Hoque is also a freelance journalist and broadcaster. In 2020, he hosted an episode of A Very British History focusing on Bangladeshi emigration to the United Kingdom from the 1960s onwards.
Aminul Hoque served as a trustee on the board of Royal Museums Greenwich from 2016 to 2021. The Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Oliver Dowden, vetoed his reappointment for a second term in 2021. The chair of the board, Charles Dunstone, resigned in protest at the government's failure to reappoint Aminul Hoque. Aminul Hoque said that he was "shocked, disappointed and baffled" at Dowden's veto against his reappointment.
Awards and recognition
In 2008, Aminul Hoque was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours for his services to youth justice in East London. In 2005, he received a Philip Lawrence Award. In 2004, his radio documentary Islamic Pride was shortlisted for the Sony Awards.
Personal life
Aminul Hoque is a Muslim He has three children. He is a Manchester United Football Club fan.
Works
Aminul Hoque. (January 2005). Long-Distance Nationalism: a Study of the Bagir Ghati Community Living in East London.
Aminul Hoque. (2015). British-Islamic Identity: Third-generation Bangladeshis from East London. London: Trentham Books. .
See also
British Bangladeshi
List of British Bangladeshis
References
External links
Hotseat: Islam expert Aminul Hoque. BBC News. 28 January 2005
Aminul Hoque. I'm a British Bangladeshi Muslim academic: it's about confidence. The Guardian. 15 November 2013
1977 births
Living people
British Muslims
Bangladeshi emigrants to England
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
English male journalists
Muslim writers
British Asian writers
21st-century British writers
The Guardian journalists
Journalists from London
Alumni of the University of Sussex
Academics of London Metropolitan University
Academics of Goldsmiths, University of London
People from Golapganj Upazila
People from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Members of the Order of the British Empire
21st-century Bengalis
21st-century Muslims
20th-century Bengalis |
69270469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20H.%20Atherton | Horace H. Atherton | Horace Hale Atherton (October 23, 1847 - July 24, 1917) was an American politician from Saugus, Massachusetts, who served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives after being elected to the 109th Massachusetts General Court in 1887. He represented the twentieth Essex district, and went on to also serve in the 110th Massachusetts General Court. He subsequently was a member of the Massachusetts Senate for two terms. He was a member of the Executive Council of 1898.
Early life and education
He was the son of Artemas S. Atherton and Sarah Ann Morse. His father was a shoe manufacturer.
Atherton was educated in public schools and Lynn high school. In 1865 he became a clerk at Oliver Breed, a lumber business, which evolved into S.A. Guilford & Co, soon after becoming a junior partner at the firm.
Career
His civic roles prior to being a state representative were as town auditor, and then as selectman. Atherton was elected as a Republican candidate at a state level. As an elected member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives, he was appointed to the committee on banks and banking; on prisons; and also as a special committee to represent the state at the Ohio centennial in Columbus, Ohio.
He was a Member of the Republican State Committee during 1893 and 1894; thereafter becoming elected as chairman of the committee on towns; on parishes and religious societies, and then for street railways.
Other interests
He was a director of the Saugus Mutual Fire Insurance Company. Atherton was an author of historical articles. An avid historian of Massachusetts and New England, in 1916 he wrote the “History of Saugus, Massachusetts”, which included a biographical entry on Joseph Roby. He was a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society for many years and became president of its Lynn chapter. He was a Mason and published a book on Freemasonry titled ”A half century of William Sutton Lodge F. & A.M:1867-1917”. As a historian in 1915, and perhaps lack of foresight, he questioned the cost of maintenance of the U.S. Route 1 turnpike, proclaiming that Saugus did not at all reap the benefit, and that it was an unnecessary expense on the town.
Personal
Atherton married Hannah Preston Oliver (1851-1913) on May 15, 1870, in Lynn, Massachusetts. They had 7 children. His son Horace Jr, married Edith Hall, and followed his fathers footsteps as a local historian.
Ancestry
Atherton was a New England descendant of Puritan heritage, whose ancestors had settled in Massachusetts Colony. He a direct descendant of James Atherton, one of the First Settlers of New England; who arrived in Dorchester, Massachusetts in the 1630s. His relatives include Henry B. Atherton, Thomas H. Atherton, Charles Humphrey Atherton, Cornelius Atherton, Joseph Ballard Atherton, and Uriah A. Boyden.
See also
1888 Massachusetts legislature
1889 Massachusetts legislature
1895 Massachusetts legislature
1896 Massachusetts legislature
References
1847 births
1917 deaths
Businesspeople in wood products
Historians from Massachusetts
Republican Party Massachusetts state senators
Republican Party members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
People from Saugus, Massachusetts |
3446201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannes%20Manninen | Hannes Manninen | Hannes Manninen (born 20 December 1946) is a Finnish politician of the Centre Party, born in Kuusamo. He has been a member of the Parliament of Finland since 1995 and Minister of Regional and Municipal Affairs of Finland 2003–2007.
References
Mr. Hannes Manninen Conference of Parliamentarians of the Arctic Region
1946 births
Living people
People from Kuusamo
Centre Party (Finland) politicians
Government ministers of Finland
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1995–1999)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1999–2003)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2003–2007)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2007–2011) |
38782402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Wallace%20Gouinlock | George Wallace Gouinlock | George Wallace Gouinlock (August 1, 1861 – February 13, 1932) was a prominent Canadian architect. Gouinlock practiced mostly in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, including several designated buildings at Exhibition Place.
His son George Roper Gouinlock (18961979) also practised architecture. Son Robert Watson Gouinlock (1892-1966) was a Captain with the Canadian Engineers and served in World War I. Robert was a civil engineer.
Biography
Gouinlock was born in 1861 in Paris, Ontario to Walter and Elizabeth Gouinlock. Gouinlock trained in various cities (including Hamilton, Chicago and Milwaukee) towards becoming an architect. He later moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba as a junior architect with Barber, Bowes & Barber. He came back to Toronto in 1888 and began a partnership with architect Francis S. Baker (as Gouinlock & Baker) from 1888 to 1890.
The bulk of Gouinlock's work was in Toronto. In 1895, he was Chair of the Toronto Society of Architects and President of the Ontario Association of Architects in 1909. Gouinlock retired in 1927.
Gouinlock married Georgina Watson in 1889 and had two sons George Roper and Robert Watson, and a daughter, Laura Huntington (1890-1982)
Gouinlock died on February 13, 1932, and is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto.
George Roper Gouinlock
George Wallace's son George Roper Gouinlock (1896-1979) was also an architect, whom with Hugh L. Allward (1899-1971) formed the Allward and Gouinlock partnership in 1935. Allward was the son of sculptor Walter Allward and great-grandfather of Port Perry based landscape architect Hugh Allward. Hugh Allward was succeeded by his nephew Peter L. Allward.
Projects
George Wallace Gouinlock projects
Many of Gouinlock's buildings were Beaux-Arts. His works also feature other architectural styles. Many buildings at Exhibition Place were designed by Gouinlock:
Press Building, 210 Princes' Boulevard 1905 (Beaux-Arts)
Music Building, 285 Manitoba Drive 1907 (Beaux-Arts) - formerly Railway Building
CNE Grandstand 1907, destroyed by fire 1947 and rebuilt as Exhibition Stadium 1948
Horticulture Building, 15 Saskatchewan Road 1907 (Beaux-Arts)
CNE Fire Hall and Police Station, 90 Quebec Street 1912 - (Tudor Revival)
CNE Government Building 1912 (Beaux-Arts), 10 Dufferin Street - now Medieval Times Building, formerly Government Building and Arts, Crafts and Hobbies Building
Other works across Toronto and beyond included:
semi detached dwellings at 117-119 Collier Street 1891
Charles Steinle Meat Packing Company, 256 King Street East 1892 (Richardson Romanesque)
American Watch Case Company, 511 King Street West 1893 (demolished 2020 with only façade retained)
Temple Building, Toronto, Bay and Richmond 1895 (Romanesque Revival) - demolished 1970
Manitoba Trust Company Building, Winnipeg (Main Street and Pioneer Street) 1899-1900 - with George Creeford Browne and demolished 1974
Town Hall, St. Marys, Ontario 1901 (Romanesque Revival)
Bank of Hamilton, 165 Spadina Avenue 1902 - now CIBC branch
Marshall McLuhan's House (Sir W.T. White House) and Coach House, 39 and 39a Queen's Park Crescent 1903,
Consumer's Gas Company addition, 23 Toronto Street 1904
Warwick Bros. and Rutter Publishers, 401 King Street West 1905
Sovereign Bank, 172 King Street East 1907
Broadview Hotel renovation 1907
Canadian Birkbeck Savings and Investment Company Head Office, 10 Adelaide Street East, Toronto 1908 (Edwardian) - now Ontario Heritage Centre
William Peyton Hubbard House, 660 Broadview Avenue 1909
Ontario Legislative Building North Wing, 1 Queen's Park Crescent 1909
MacLean Building, 345 Adelaide Street West 1914
Princess Margaret Hospital - South Building, University Avenue 1915 - formerly Ontario Hydro-Electric Building
Art Gallery of Toronto conceptual drawings
Alexandra Palace, Toronto - demolished
George Roper Gouinlock projects
Scarborough High School (1922, partially demolished in 1976) - with Burden and Harold Carter
Kapuskasing Inn (1927)
Sensenbrenner Hospital (1927-1929)
Vaughan Road High School - later as Vaughan Road Academy (1927)
East York High School - now East York Collegiate Institute (1927 - façade remains after 1986)
R.H. McGregor Public School - now R.H. McGregor ES (1928 - demolished)
Newmarket High School (1928)
Bowmanville High School (1929)
Daisy Avenue Public School 1929 (Collegiate Gothic) - renamed Vincent Massey Junior School (1964) and Vincent Massey Academy (1985)
Brockville Collegiate Institute (1929–30)
Long Branch Public School - now James S. Bell Junior Middle School (1930–31)
Kapuskasing High School - now Kapuskasing District High School (1932)
Allward and Gouinlock projects
1932 - Eaton Hall, King City
1946 Glen Park Public School Toronto - replaced by new school building opened in 1998
1949 - East and West Memorial Buildings, Ottawa
1959 - David and Mary Thomson Collegiate Institute, Scarborough (Lawrence Avenue East); demolished 2020
1961 - Cedarbrae Collegiate Institute, Scarborough
1961 - R.H. King Collegiate Institute, Scarborough - western addition
1962 - York University Field House, Toronto
1965 - Sir Wilfrid Laurier Collegiate Institute, Scarborough
1966 - West Humber Collegiate Institute, Etobicoke
1965-1968 - McLaughlin Planetarium, Toronto
References
External links
Archival papers of Allward & Gouinlock Architects Inc. (son George Roper Gouinlock's firm) held at the University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services
1861 births
1932 deaths
Canadian architects
People from the County of Brant |
5897973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd%20Street%20station%20%28SEPTA%29 | 2nd Street station (SEPTA) | 2nd Street station (signed as 2nd Street–Penn's Landing–Old City on platforms) is a subway station on the Market-Frankford Line, beneath the intersection of 2nd Street and Market Street in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is the easternmost stop in Center City and also the easternmost underground stop on the line.
The station serves the Old City neighborhood of Philadelphia, with station signs originally reading "Olde City". The 'e' has been covered on the signs with obvious blue stickers. The station also serves Penn's Landing and Spruce Street Harbor Park along the Delaware River.
2nd Street is also served by SEPTA bus routes 5, 17, 33, and 48 also serve the station.
History
The station opened August 3, 1908 as part of the first extension of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company's Market Street Subway. The line had originally opened a year earlier between 69th Street and City Hall. The station was the eastern terminal of the line until September 7 of that year, when it was extended to the elevated Market–Chestnut station along the Delaware River. It was not until November 5, 1922, when trains were extended northeast along the current route of the Market–Frankford elevated.
On June 22, 2019, a passenger fell onto the tracks and was killed by an oncoming train.
Station layout
The station has two side platforms. East of the station, the tracks turn north and begin to run elevated above Front Street towards Northeast Philadelphia.
References
External links
2nd Street-Penn's Landing Station images (World-NYCSubway.org)
2nd Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
1908 establishments in Pennsylvania
Railway stations in Philadelphia
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1908
Railway stations located underground in Pennsylvania
SEPTA Market-Frankford Line stations |
4732785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Football%20League | Australian Football League | The Australian Football League (AFL) is the pre-eminent and only fully professional competition of Australian rules football. It was originally named the Victorian Football League (VFL) and was founded in 1896 as a breakaway competition from the Victorian Football Association (VFA), with its inaugural season in 1897. It changed its name to Australian Football League in 1990 after expanding its competition to other Australian states in the 1980s. The AFL publishes its Laws of Australian football, which are used, with variations, by other Australian football organisations.
The AFL competition currently consists of 18 teams spread over Australia's five mainland states; an unnamed Tasmanian team will join the league in 2028. AFL Premiership Season matches have been played in all states and mainland territories, as well as in New Zealand and China to expand its audience.
The AFL Premiership Season currently consists of a 24-round regular (or home-and-away) season, which runs during the Australian winter (March to September). The team with the best record is awarded the minor premiership. The top eight teams then play off in a four-round finals series, culminating in the AFL Grand Final, which is normally held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground each year. The grand final winners are termed the premiers, the most important team prizes for which are the premiership cup and flag. , and are the joint-most successful clubs in the competition, having won sixteen premierships apiece. Collingwood is the reigning premier, having won the 2023 AFL Grand Final.
History
VFL era (1897–1989)
Background and founding
Several of the AFL's current member clubs date back to the origins of Australian football and were instrumental in establishing the sport's popularity and the AFL. The oldest club is Melbourne Football Club, which wrote the first laws of the code, and Geelong, which date back to 1858 and 1859 respectively, while Melbourne University, also founded in 1859, is also one of the oldest clubs to have later participated in the competition.
The Victorian Football Association (VFA) was established in 1877 and quickly went on to become Victoria's football competition. During the 1890s, an off-field power struggle occurred between the VFA's stronger and weaker clubs, the former seeking greater administrative control commensurate with their relative financial contribution to the game. This came to a head in 1896 when it was proposed that gate profits, which were always lower in matches involving the weaker clubs, be shared equally amongst all teams in the VFA. After it was intimated that the proposal would be put to a vote, six of the strongest clubs—, , , Geelong, Melbourne and —seceded from the VFA and later invited and to join them in founding a new competition, the Victorian Football League (VFL). The remaining VFA clubs—Footscray, North Melbourne, Port Melbourne, Richmond and Williamstown—were given the opportunity to compete as junior sides at a level beneath the VFL but rejected the offer and remained for the 1897 VFA season.
1897–1900s: Inaugural VFL season and early years
The VFL's inaugural season occurred in 1897. It made several innovations early on to entice the public's interest, including an annual finals tournament, rather than awarding the premiership to the team with the best record through the season; and, the formal establishment of the modern scoring system, in which six points are awarded for a goal and one point for a behind.
Although the VFL and the VFA continued to compete for spectator interest for many years, the VFL quickly established itself as the premier competition in Victoria. In 1908, the league expanded to ten teams, with Richmond crossing from the VFA and University Football Club from the Metropolitan Junior Football Association. Professionalism began from the 1911 season, with clubs permitted to pay players beyond the reimbursement of expenses for the first time. University, after three promising seasons, finished last each year from 1911 until 1914, including losing 51 matches in a row, in part caused by its players' focus on their studies rather than football and in part because it had chosen to remain amateur; as a result, the club withdrew from the VFL at the end of 1914.
The VFL premier and the premier of the South Australian Football League met in a playoff matches for the Championship of Australia beginning in 1888 with a 3 game playoff between South Melbourne from the VFL and the Norwood the most successful club in the SAFA. Matches where then held sporadically during the 1890s as single game playoffs and then annually from 1907 until 1914 (except 1912). South Australian clubs won 8 of the 11 Titles of which was the most successful winning four titles in 1890, 1910, 1913 and 1914. The majority of the matches were held in South Australia at Adelaide Oval. Following the outbreak of World War 1 the Championship playoff ceased and wasn't revised until 1968.
1915–1945: Three VFA clubs join the VFL
In 1925, the VFL expanded from nine teams to twelve, with Footscray, Hawthorn and North Melbourne each crossing from the VFA. North Melbourne and Hawthorn remained very weak in the VFL for a very long period. Although North Melbourne would become the first of the 1925 expansion sides to reach a grand final in 1950, initially it was Footscray that adapted to the VFL with the most ease of the three clubs and by 1928 were well off the bottom of the ladder.
Between the years of 1927 and 1930, Collingwood became the first and only VFL team, to win four successive premierships.
1946–1975: Post-war golden years
In 1952, the VFL hosted a national day, when all six matches were played outside Melbourne. Matches were played at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Brisbane Exhibition Ground, North Hobart Oval, Albury Sports Ground and Victorian country towns Yallourn and Euroa.
Footscray became the first of the 1925 expansion teams to win the premiership in 1954.
Melbourne became a powerhouse during the 1950s and early 1960s under coach Norm Smith and star player Ron Barassi. The club contested seven consecutive grand finals from 1954 to 1960, winning five premierships, including three in a row from 1955 to 1957.
Television coverage commenced in 1957 with direct telecasts of the final quarter permitted. At first, several channels competed through broadcasting different games. When the VFL found that television reduced crowds it decided no coverage was to be allowed for 1960. In 1961 television replays in Melbourne were introduced although direct telecasts were rarely permitted. The rest of Australia enjoyed live telecasts every Saturday afternoon.
In 1959, the VFL planned the first purpose-built mega-stadium, VFL Park (later known as Waverley Park), to give it some independence from the Melbourne Cricket Club, which managed the Melbourne Cricket Ground. VFL Park was planned to hold 155,000 spectators, which would have made it one of the largest stadiums in the world – although it would ultimately be built with a capacity of 78,000. Land for the stadium was purchased at Mulgrave, then farmland but predicted to be near the demographic centre of Melbourne's population.
The VFL premiership trophy was first awarded in addition to a pennant flag in 1959; essentially the same trophy design has been in use since.
In the 1960s, television began to have a huge impact. Spectators hurried home from games to watch replays and many former players took up positions as commentators on pre-game preview programs and post-game review programs. There were also several attempts at variety programs featuring VFL players, who generally succeeded in demonstrating that their skills were limited to the football ground.
The VFL played the first of a series of exhibition matches in 1962 in an effort to lift the international profile of the league.
The 1970 season saw the opening of VFL Park, with the inaugural match being played between Geelong and Fitzroy, on 18 April 1970. Construction work was carried out at the stadium as the 1970s progressed, culminating in the building of the now heritage listed Sir Kenneth Luke Stand. Queen Elizabeth, was a guest at the game and formally opened the stadium to the public. The 1970 Grand Final between traditional rivals Carlton and Collingwood, arguably the league's most famous game, which saw Carlton recover from a 44-point deficit at half-time to win the game by 10 points, featured a famous spectacular mark by Alex Jesaulenko and was witnessed by a record crowd of 121,696.
1976–1981: VFL leaves Australian National Football Council
In 1976, the National Football League, which was the peak national administrative body of Australian rules football at the time, established the NFL Night Series to succeed the Championship of Australia. The Night Series was played concurrently with the premiership season and was contested among twelve clubs from the VFL, SANFL and WAFL, invited based on their finishing positions from the previous year. The event was mostly played on Tuesday nights, with night games at Norwood Oval in Adelaide and all games were televised live in colour on Channel 9, which opened up unprecedented revenue streams from television rights and sponsorship opportunities for the sport. The NFL began plans to expand its Night Series to incorporate more teams from the VFL, SANFL and WAFL, as well as state representative teams from other states.
In November 1976, the VFL announced that it was withdrawing from the NFL's competition, having arranged more substantial television and sponsorship deals for its own, rival night competition for 1977 to be based in Melbourne and feature only the VFL clubs. Light towers were erected at VFL Park specifically for the event. The VFL established a proprietary limited company called Australian Football Championships Pty Ltd in 1978 to run its night competition and offered shareholdings to the other state leagues in an attempt to lure other states into the competition.
For the three years from 1977 until 1979, the NFL and VFL night competitions were run separately as rival night competitions. In 1978, the Tasmanian representative team competed in both the NFL and VFL night competitions but all SANFL and WAFL clubs and the minor states teams remained in the NFL Night Series. In 1979, the WAFL clubs and the New South Wales and A.C.T. representative teams defected from the NFL Night Series and joined the VFL's night competition, leaving the NFL Night Series mostly composed of SANFL teams. The NFL Night Series was not revived in 1980 and the SANFL clubs joined the VFL's night competition. Although the NFL itself continued to exist as an administrative body into the early 1990s, the power gained by the VFL as a result of its take-over of night competition was one of the first significant steps in the VFL's spread interstate and ultimately its take-over and control of Australian football across Australia.
In 1980 and 1981, the first years after the NFL Night Series ended, the VFL night competition was at its largest, with all VFL, WAFL and SANFL clubs plus the four minor states teams (selected under residential qualification rather than state of origin qualification) competing for a total of 34 teams. In 1982, the size of the competition was reduced and, thereafter, only the top two or three teams from the SANFL and WAFL and the winner of the minor states' annual carnival were invited.
In 1987, the night competition reverted to include only the VFL teams. The competition was pushed earlier into the year, with the final played on 28 April. The following season, the competition did not overlap with the day premiership season at all and became entirely a pre-season competition. The night competition is generally considered to be of equivalent importance as the pre-season competition and the VFL Night Series (1956–1971) and records relating to the three competitions are often combined.
With the number of players recruited from country leagues increasing, the wealthier VFL clubs were gaining an advantage that metropolitan zoning and the Coulter law (salary cap) restricting player payments had prevented in the past. Country zoning was introduced in the late 1960s and while it pushed Essendon and Geelong from the top of the ladder, it created severe inequality during the 1970s and 1980s. Between 1972 and 1987, only six of the league's twelve clubs – Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, North Melbourne and Richmond – played in grand finals.
1982–1989: Professionalism, club bankruptcy and expansion
The 1980s was a period of significant structural change in Australian football around the country. The VFL was dominant among the Australian football leagues around the country in terms of overall attendance, interest and money and began to look towards expanding its influence directly into other states. The VFL and its top clubs were asserting their financial power to recruit top players from interstate. The resulting rising cost pressures drove the VFL's weaker clubs into dire financial situations. The South Melbourne Swans became the first VFL team to relocate interstate. The South Melbourne Football Club was deeply indebted, including to the VFL which took over the club's Swans team and moved the team's home games to Sydney in 1982 and renamed the team the Sydney Swans the following year. Under the private ownership of Dr Geoffrey Edelsten during the mid-1980s, the Sydney Swans became successful on-field. Moving the Swans team to Sydney effectively shifted the debts of a Melbourne club onto Australian football in Sydney and re-directed support and finance to the Swans team to the detriment of existing Australian Football clubs and league competitions in Sydney. However, the Swans team attracted new prominence and supporters for the sport. Despite becoming successful on the field, a succession of owners and transfer to its supporter "members", the Sydney Swans remain indebted to the AFL and subject to its veto control and reversion rights in what became a model for the AFL control of teams.
Throughout the 1980s, approaches were made by SANFL and WAFL clubs to enter the VFL. Of particular note were approaches by the East Perth Royals in 1980, the Norwood Redlegs in 1986 and 1988, and an East–South Fremantle merger proposal in 1987. None of these attempts were successful despite Norwood trying again in 1990 and 1994.
In 1986, the West Australian Football League and Queensland Australian Football League were awarded licences to field expansion teams in the VFL, leading to the establishment of the West Coast Eagles and Brisbane Bears, who both joined the league in 1987. These expansion team licences were awarded on payment of multimillion-dollar fees which were not required of the existing VFL clubs. In 1989 financial troubles nearly forced Footscray and Fitzroy to merge but fees paid by the West Coast Eagles and Brisbane Bears, propped up the struggling VFL sides.
The 1980s first saw new regular timeslots for VFL matches. VFL matches had previously been played on Saturday afternoons but Sydney began playing its home matches on Sunday afternoons and North Melbourne pioneered playing matches on Friday night. These have since become regular timeslots for all teams.
The first National Draft was introduced in 1986 and a salary cap was introduced in 1987.
AFL era (1990–present)
The league was renamed the Australian Football League in 1990 to reflect its national composition.
1990–2010: A professional national competition
In 1990 the AFLPA, the players union, signed its first Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) with the league which outlined wages and conditions in what was becoming a sole source of income for players who had previously had part-time or full-time jobs outside of football. Functionally, the AFL gave up control over its Victorian-based minor grades at the end of 1991 – clubs continued to field reserves teams in a competition run by the new Victorian State Football League and the under-19s competition and zone-based recruiting were abolished and replaced with an independent system.
Midway through 1990, the SANFL's most successful club, Port Adelaide, made a bid for an AFL licence. In response, the SANFL gained an injunction via Glenelg and Norwood against Port Adelaide, allowing it time to establish a composite South Australian team called the Adelaide Crows, which was awarded the licence and joined the league in 1991 as the fourth non-Victorian club. The same year saw the West Coast Eagles become the first non-Victorian club to reach the grand final, which was won by Hawthorn. The Eagles would then win the premiership in 1992 and 1994. In 1994, Fremantle obtained an AFL licence and joined the AFL in 1995, becoming the fifth non-Victorian club, and the second from Western Australia.
The VFA took over the Victorian Football League name in 1996. In 1996 several Victorian clubs were in severe financial difficulties, most notably Fitzroy and Hawthorn. Hawthorn proposed to merge with Melbourne to form the Melbourne Hawks but the merger ultimately fell through and both teams continued as separate entities. Fitzroy, however, was too weak to continue by itself. The club nearly merged with North Melbourne to form the Fitzroy-North Melbourne Kangaroos but the other clubs voted against it. In 1994 Port Adelaide was awarded an AFL licence but could not enter until a Victorian team had folded or merged. At the end of 1996 Fitzroy played its last match and merged with Brisbane to form the Brisbane Lions. This allowed Port Adelaide to enter the AFL for the 1997 season as the sixth and only pre-existing non Victorian club.
Through the 1990s there was a significant trend of Melbourne-based teams abandoning the use of their small (20,000–30,000 capacity) suburban venues for home matches in favour of the MCG and VFL Park, which have and had larger seating capacities. The 1990s saw the last matches played at Windy Hill (Essendon), Moorabbin Oval (St Kilda), Western Oval (Footscray) and Victoria Park (Collingwood) and saw Princes Park abandoned by its long-term co-tenant, Hawthorn. The transition to the use of only two venues in Melbourne was ultimately completed in 2005 when Carlton abandoned the use of Princes Park. In 1999, the league sold VFL Park and used the funds in a joint venture to begin construction of a brand-new stadium situated at Melbourne's Docklands. Representative state football came to an end, with the last State of Origin match held in 1999.
2011–present: 18-team era
In the late 2000s, the AFL looked to establish a permanent presence on the Gold Coast in the state of Queensland, which was fast-developing as a major population centre. North Melbourne, which was in financial difficulty and had played a few home games on the Gold Coast in previous years, was offered significant subsidies to relocate to the Gold Coast but declined. The AFL then began work to establish a club on the Gold Coast as a new expansion team.
Early in 2008, a meeting held by the AFL discussed having two new teams enter the AFL competition. In March 2008, the AFL won the support of the league's 16 club presidents to establish sides on the Gold Coast and in Western Sydney. The Gold Coast Suns were established and joined the AFL in 2011 as the 17th team. The Greater Western Sydney Giants, representing both Western Sydney and Canberra, were then established and entered the league as the 18th team in 2012.
On 25 April 2013 the Westpac Stadium in Wellington, New Zealand hosted the first ever Australian Football League game played for premiership points outside Australia. The night game between and was played in front of a crowd of 22,183 on Anzac Day to honour the Anzac bond between the two countries.
A national women's league comprising a subset of AFL clubs began in 2017. Thirteen AFL clubs placed bids to participate in the women's competition. Eight clubs – , , , , , , and the – were granted licences to participate in the inaugural season. Six clubs joined the league in the coming years; and entered the competition in 2019, while , , and made their debut in 2020. The remaining four clubs—, , and — entered AFL Women's in the seventh season in 2022.
On 14 May 2017, and the played the first-ever AFL match for premiership points in Shanghai, China, attracting a crowd of 10,114 at Jiangwan Stadium. Port Adelaide won the game by 72 points.
In 2020, the AFL season was severely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first round of matches was played in front of no crowds due to the pandemic, before the season was suspended on 22 March due to health concerns and strict government regulations on non-essential travel. After nearly two months of planning with the assistance of state governments and health officials, the season resumed on 11 June, with the length of the season reduced from 22 matches per team to 17 matches. The grand final was played in October at The Gabba in Brisbane, the first time it was held outside of Victoria since the creation of the league due to the spiking cases in that state. The pandemic caused the league to lose out on up to $400 million in anticipated revenue and also precipitated a 20% cut in industry jobs.
The 2021 grand final was played in September at Perth Stadium in Perth because an ongoing COVID-19 lockdown prevented the match from being played with spectators at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Victoria. It was the first grand final played in Perth and the second consecutive grand final to be played outside Victoria. The event set a new attendance record for Australian rules football in Western Australia, eclipsing the previous record set in 2018 despite not featuring any WA-based teams and being played during the COVID pandemic.
Clubs
The AFL operates on a single table system, with no divisions and conferences, nor promotion and relegation from other leagues.
The league was founded as the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1897, comprising eight teams only based in the state of Victoria. Over the next century, a series of expansions, a relocation, a merger and a club withdrawal saw the league's teams expand to the 18 teams there are today.
In 1990, the national nature of the competition resulted in the name change to the Australian Football League (AFL). The current 18 teams are based across five states of Australia; the majority (ten) still remain in Victoria, nine of which are located in the Melbourne metropolitan area. The states of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia have two teams each, while Tasmania will have a team enter the league in 2028. The Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory are the only mainland territories not to have AFL clubs, although the Greater Western Sydney Giants have a contract to play at least three home games in the former, while at least two games per year is played in the latter.
Current clubs
Future clubs
Former clubs
Since the league commenced in 1897 as the VFL, only one club, , has withdrawn from the competition. It last competed in 1914 and withdrew because, as an amateur club, it was unable to remain competitive in a time when player payments were becoming common; the club still competes to this day in the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA). Two other clubs, and the , merged in 1996 to form the ; however, after coming out of financial administration in 1998, Fitzroy resumed its playing operations in 2009 and competes in the VAFA.
Timeline of clubs
† Not all teams shown. These competitions are current.
Venues
Throughout the history of the VFL/AFL to 2023, there have been a total of 50 different grounds used. The largest-capacity ground in use is the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), which has a capacity of over 100,000 people and hosts the grand final each year (see AFL Grand Final location debate). The MCG is shared by four teams as a home ground, while the other grounds used as home venues by multiple teams are Docklands Stadium in Melbourne (five teams), Adelaide Oval in Adelaide (two teams) and Perth Stadium in Perth (two teams). The AFL has had exclusive ownership of Docklands Stadium (commercially known as Marvel Stadium) since late 2016.
Prior to the expansion of the competition, most grounds were located in suburban Melbourne, with Princes Park, Victoria Park, the Junction Oval, Waverley Park and the Lake Oval each having hosted over 700 games. However, since the introduction of a national competition, each state and territory of Australia has hosted AFL games. On 25 April 2013 (Anzac Day), a match took place between St Kilda and Sydney at Wellington Regional Stadium in Wellington, New Zealand, being the first AFL match played outside Australia for premiership points.
Current venues
Below are the venues that hosted AFL matches during the 2023 season.
Players
AFL players are drawn from a number of sources; however, most players enter the league through the AFL draft, held at the end of each season. A small number of players have converted from other sports, or been recruited internationally. Prior to the nationalisation of the competition, a zoning system was in place. At the end of the season, the best 22 players and coach from across the competition are selected in the All-Australian team.
The AFL has tight controls over the player lists of each club. Currently, apart from the recently added expansion clubs who have some additional players, each team can have a senior list of 38 to 40 players plus 4 to 6 rookie players, to a total of 44 players (following a reduction by two of the number of rookies in 2012) and up to three development rookies (international, alternative talent or New South Wales scholarship players). Changes to playing lists are permitted only in the off-season: clubs can trade players during a trade period which follows each season and recruit new players through the three AFL drafts, the national draft, the pre-season draft and the rookie draft, which take place after the trade period. A mid-year draft was conducted between 1990 and 1993. The national draft is the primary method of recruiting new players and has been used since 1986. The draft order is based on reverse-finishing position from the previous year but selections can be traded. Free agency player movements have only been permitted since the 2012/13 offseason, previously having been rejected by the AFL.
Salary cap
A salary cap (known as the Total Player Payments or TPP) is also in place as part of the league's equalisation policy; this was $9,130,000 for the 2013 season with a salary floor of $8,673,500 except for the Gold Coast, whose salary cap was $9,630,000 with a salary floor of $9,171,500 and Greater Western Sydney, whose salary cap was $9,987,000 with a floor of $9,530,500. As part of the AFL's enhanced equalisation policies, in 2014 the league announced an increase of the TPP for the 2015 and 2016 seasons. TPP increased an additional $150,000 per club in 2015 above previously contracted amounts, increasing from $9.92m to $10.07m in 2015 and $10.22m to $10.37m in 2016.
The salary cap was set at $1.25 million for 1987–1989 as per VFL agreement, with the salary floor set at 90% of the cap or $1.125 million; the salary floor was increased to 92.5% of the cap in 2001 and 95% of the cap for 2013 due to increased revenues. Both the salary cap and salary floor has increased substantially since the competition was rebranded as the AFL in 1990.
Salaries of draft selections are fixed for two years. Salaries for senior players are not normally released to the public, though the average AFL player salary at the conclusion of the 2012 season was $251,559 and the top few players can expect to earn up to and above $1,000,000 a year. Upon successfully trading to the Sydney Swans in 2013, marquee player Lance Franklin signed a 9-year contract with the club, reportedly worth over $10 million and resulting in subsequent payments of $1.8 million annually in consecutive seasons. The Total Player Earnings (TPE) – or total amount of revenue spent on reimbursement of AFL listed players – at the conclusion of the 2012 season was $173.7 million, up by 13 per cent from $153.7 million in 2011.
In June 2017, the AFL and AFL Players Association agreed to a new CBA deal which resulted in a 20% increase in players' salaries. The six-year deal, which began in 2017 and ends in 2022 means that the average player wage rises from $309,000 to $371,000 and the player salary cap from $10.37m to $12.45m. In 2022, the final year of the agreement, the average player wage will be $389,000 with a salary cap of $13.54m.
The breaches of the salary cap and salary floor regulations outlined by the AFL are: exceeding the TPP; falling below the salary floor; not informing the AFL of payments; late or incorrect lodgement or loss of documents; or engaging in draft tampering. Penalties include fines of up to triple the amount involved ($10,000 for each document late or incorrect lodged or lost), forfeiture of draft picks and/or deduction of premiership points. The most significant breach of the salary cap was that of the Carlton Football Club in the early 2000s.
Demographics
There were 801 players on AFL club senior, veteran, rookie and international lists in 2011, including players from every state and mainland territory of Australia. As of 2014, there were 68 Indigenous Australian players on AFL club lists, comprising approximately 9% of the overall playing population.
There were 12 players recruited from outside Australia on AFL lists in 2011, including 10 from Ireland, all converts from Gaelic football drafted as part of the Irish Experiment and one each from the United States and Canada. There were also another five overseas-born players who emigrated to Australia at an early age on AFL lists.
An international rookie list and international scholarship list were introduced in 2006. The international rookie list includes up to two players between the ages of 15 and 23 who are not Australian citizens. These players may remain on this list for up to three years before they must be transferred to the senior or rookie list. For the first year, payments made to international-rookie-listed players fell outside the salary cap. The international scholarship list gives AFL clubs the option of recruiting up to eight players from outside Australia (other than Ireland). Irish players are required to either be placed on clubs' senior or rookie lists. At the beginning of 2011, there were 14 international scholarship players.
Of the 121 multicultural players, more than half have one parent from Anglophone countries, mainly the United Kingdom, Ireland and New Zealand.
Season structure
Pre-season
From 1988 until 2013, the AFL ran a pre-season competition that finished prior to the commencement of the premiership season, which served as both warm-up matches for the season and as a stand-alone competition.
It was mostly contested as a four-week knock out tournament but the format changed after the expansion of the league beyond sixteen clubs in 2011 and has frequently been used to trial rule changes.
In 2014, the competition format was abandoned and practice matches are now played under the sponsored name Marsh Community Series. This consists of all 18 clubs playing two matches each, which are played on some weekdays and weekends, throughout February and early March.
Premiership season
The AFL home-and-away season at present lasts for 24 rounds, starting in mid-March and ending in late August. As of the 2023 AFL season, each team plays 23 matches, consisting of 11 home games, 11 away games, 1 neutral game, and one bye. Teams receive four premiership points for a win and two premiership points for a draw. Ladder finishing positions are based on the number of premiership points won. "Percentage", calculated as the ratio of points scored to points conceded throughout the season, is used as a tie-breaker when teams finish with equal premiership points. Further tie-breakers, if required, are the premiership points accumulated in head-to-head matches between the tied teams and then the percentage earned in such matches, with a final tie-breaker being a random drawing of lots.
Themed rounds and special matches
Several teams also play against each other at set times each year, with the most prominent of these being when Collingwood play Essendon in the annual Anzac Day clash at the MCG. Other prominent matches include the King's Birthday match between Collingwood and Melbourne and the Easter Monday clash between Geelong and Hawthorn.
There are separate trophies for matches between several clubs.
Sir Doug Nicholls Indigenous Round
Perhaps the most well-known of the themed rounds is the Indigenous Round.
In 2007, following the success of the Dreamtime at the 'G matches in 2005 and 2006, the AFL nominated a specific Indigenous Round (round 9), which has become an annual event in which the Dreamtime at the 'G match takes centre stage on a Saturday night. The success of the annual match, which now usually features crowds in excess of 80,000, led to the two clubs agreeing to cement the match arrangement for an additional decade in May 2016.
In 2016, the round was named after Sir Doug Nicholls, the only VFL player to have been knighted and who served as a state governor (of South Australia). The round is now officially named the Sir Doug Nicholls Round, although it is still commonly referred to as the Indigenous Round.
Each year, each player in all 18 clubs wears a specially commissioned artwork by an Indigenous artist on their guernsey. In 2020, there was controversy over the Aboriginal flag copyright issue after the AFL had decided not to enter into a commercial agreement with the clothing company who owns the copyright over its use on clothing, following consultation with its Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Advisory Council. While the Commonwealth acquired the copyright to the flag in 2022 and it can now be used on guernseys without charge, the flag has not returned to guernseys as of 2023.
Finals series
The top eight teams at the end of the AFL Premiership season compete in a four-week finals series throughout September, culminating in a grand final to determine the premiers. The finals series is played under the AFL final eight system, and the grand final is traditionally played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on the afternoon of the last Saturday in September.
The winning team receives a silver premiership cup, a navy blue premiership flag – a new one of each is manufactured each year – and is recorded on the perpetual E. L. Wilson Shield. The flag has been presented since the league began and is traditionally unfurled at the team's first home game of the following season. The Wilson Shield, named after Edwin Lionel Wilson, was first awarded after the 1929 premiership. The premiership cup was first introduced in 1959 and is manufactured annually by Cash's International at their metalworks in Frankston, Victoria. Additionally, each player in the grand final–winning team receives a premiership medallion.
Awards
The following major individual awards and accolades are presented each season:
Brownlow Medal – to the fairest and best player in the league, voted by the umpires
Coleman Medal – to the player who kicks the most goals during the home-and-away season
All-Australian team – a squad of 22 players deemed the best in their positions, voted by an AFL-appointed committee
Rising Star Award – to the fairest and best young player (under the age of 21 and with fewer than ten games' experience at the beginning of the year), voted by the All-Australian committee
Norm Smith Medal – the best player on the ground in the grand final, voted by a committee
Jock McHale Medal – the coach of the premiership-winning team
Mark of the Year – to the player who takes the best or most spectacular mark during the season
Goal of the Year – to the player who kicks the best or most spectacular goal during the season
Leigh Matthews Trophy – to the best player in the league, voted by the players through the AFL Players' Association
Other independent best and fairest awards are presented by different football and media organisations.
Team of the Century
To celebrate the 100th season of the VFL/AFL, the "AFL Team of the Century" was named in 1996.
Jack Elder was declared the Umpire of the Century to coincide with the Team of the Century. Since the naming of this side, most AFL clubs have nominated their own teams of the century. An Indigenous Team of the Century was also selected in 2005, featuring the best Aboriginal players of the previous 100 years from both the VFL/AFL and other state leagues.
Representative football
State football
State representation football in the AFL initially ended in 1999. The concept has been revived twice since then in 2008 and 2020 when a Victorian state team took on all stars teams (in 2008 against The Dream Team and in 2020 against the All Stars).
History of the VFL/AFL's involvement
VFL players first represented the Victoria representative team in 1897 regardless of their state of origin.
Being the dominant league drawing many of the country's best players, the Victoria Australian rules football team (nicknamed the "Big V" and composed mostly of VFL players) dominated interstate matches until the introduction of State of Origin selection criteria by the Australian Football Council in 1977, after which Victoria's results with the other main Australian football states became more even.
The AFL assumed control of interstate football in 1993 and coordinated an annual State of Origin series typically held during a mid-season bye round.
However, after the 1999 series, the AFL declared the concept of interstate football "on hold", citing club unwillingness to release star players and a lack of public interest. Indeed, the 1999 series, where Victoria defeated South Australia by 54 points, was played in wet conditions in front of a crowd of 26,063, whereas 10 years earlier, the same match-up with a plethora of star players attracted a crowd of 91,960.
The AFL shifted its focus of representative football to the International Rules Series, where at the time in the late 1990s, drew a greater television revenue. A once-off representative match, known as the AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match, was played in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport between a team of players of Victorian origin and a team of players of interstate origin (the "Dream Team"), which was won by Victoria.
In 2020, the AFL hosted a special one-off State of Origin match, with the money raised from the event going towards affected bushfire communities. On 28 February, the game took place at Marvel Stadium, with Victoria defeating an All-Stars team and Dustin Martin being declared best on ground.
Since 1996, some past AFL players participated and helped with the promoton of the E. J. Whitten Legends Game, although this, too, was put on indefinite hiatus following the 2019 edition.
Global market
Although no professional leagues or teams exist outside Australia, the AFL has stated that it wishes to showcase Australian rules football to other countries such as India, China and South Africa so as to create a global following, thus creating more exposure for its sponsors in the increasing Asian and African markets. On 17 October 2010, AFL clubs Melbourne Demons and Brisbane Lions played an exhibition game in front of 7,000 people at the Jiangwan Sports Center in Shanghai. This was the first professional AFL game to be played in China. Since then, AFL premiership matches have been played in New Zealand and China, and the competition developed some interest in North America amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
International Rules Series
The AFL has garnered increased interest in Ireland due to the introduction of the International Rules Series played between an AFL-picked Australian Team (sourced entirely from All-Australian players since 2004) and Ireland international rules football team beginning from 1984. The series is organised under the auspices of the AFL and the Gaelic Athletic Association. The game itself is a hybrid sport, consisting of rules from both Australian football and Gaelic football. The series provides the only outlet for AFL players to represent their nation. This series encouraged young Irish footballers switching code to join AFL teams because, whilst the Gaelic Football is strictly amateur, the AFL is fully professional, thus players can make a living out of playing AFL. However, some Irish players fail to make the grade into the very competitive AFL. This also paved the way for extended news coverage and increased broadcasting in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Around the same time that the inaugural International Rules Series commenced, Australian Football Hall of Fame Legend Ron Barassi launched the Irish experiment, which scouted and recruited dozens of Irishmen (usually Gaelic footballers) with potential for crossing over to playing in the AFL. This resulted in successful recruitmant and training of Australian Hall of Famer Jim Stynes among other successful players.
Corporate governance
The AFL is governed by directors known as the AFL Commission. The commission was established in December 1985 and replaced the board of directors elected by and representing the original member clubs in 1993, after the club parochialism and self-interest which came with the traditional club delegate based administrative structure threatened to undermine the competition.
The commission chairman is Richard Goyder, who took over from Mike Fitzpatrick on 4 April 2017. The CEO of the AFL is Gillon McLachlan, who replaced Andrew Demetriou in 2014. On 1 May 2023, Andrew Dillon was announced as CEO Elect and will takeover from Gillon McLachlan on 2 October 2023, at the end of the 2023 AFL season.
In addition to administering the national competition, the AFL is heavily involved in promoting and developing the sport in Australia. It provides funds for local leagues and in conjunction with local clubs, administers the Auskick program for young boys and girls.
The AFL also plays a leading role in developing the game outside Australia, with projects to develop the game at junior level in other countries (e.g. South Africa) and by supporting affiliated competitions around the world (See Australian football around the world).
The players of the AFL are represented by the AFL Players Association, the coaches are represented by the AFL Coaches Association, the umpires are represented by the AFL Umpires Association and the related media employees are represented by the Australian Football Media Association.
Audience
The AFL was the best-attended sporting league in Australia in 2012. According to market research, the AFL is the second-most-watched sporting event in Australia, behind cricket. Currently, broadcast rights for the AFL are shared between the Seven Network (free-to-air), Foxtel (pay TV) and Kayo Sports (internet). In 2019, a record 1,057,572 people were members of an AFL club. TV audiences during the 2022 AFL season totalled 125.4 million viewers, with an average of 537,000 people watching each match; the TV audience for the 2023 AFL Grand Final was 4.98 million—plus an additional 756,000 on 7plus, for a total of 5.736 million—and the game was seen by 100,024 stadium spectators, which was exactly the same as the 2022 AFL Grand Final. Excluding the grand final (which is exclusive to Seven Network in Australia), 54% of viewers watched using the paid services of Foxtel or Kayo in 2022, while 46% watched the Seven Network's free-to-air broadcasts.
Attendance
The following are the most recent season attendances:
1 Finals total and Finals average include grand final crowds.
2 Record.
3 Capacity reduced due to MCG refurbishment.
4 Crowd for the drawn grand final.
5 Crowd for the grand final replay, played one week after the drawn grand final.
6 Attendance reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
7 Capacity reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Television
Australian television
AFL matches are currently broadcast in Australia by the free-to-air Seven Network and subscription television provider Foxtel. The current deal was announced in August 2015 and covered the inclusive 2017–2022 seasons. In 2020, the deal was extended until 2024 inclusive.
The Seven Network broadcasts an average of three-and-a-half games a round; Friday Night, Saturday Night, Sunday Afternoon and any Thursday or Monday Night matches that may occur throughout the year. Channel Seven also airs the AFL Finals Series and the AFL Grand Final. Foxtel broadcasts every match through their Fox Footy channels, including simulcasts from the Seven Network except for the grand final, which is aired exclusively on Channel Seven. Foxtel also has the rights to air rounds on their internet protocol television platform titled Foxtel Now, as well as via the sports streaming service Kayo.
Telecast history
The 1957 VFL season was the first broadcast after the commencement of television in Australia (introduced in 1956 to coincide with the Melbourne Olympic Games). During the late 1950s and 1960s, all Melbourne stations (ABV2, HSV7, GTV9 and, after it commenced in 1965, ATV0/ATV10) broadcast some games. However, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the VFL was concerned that direct telecasts may affect attendances and stations were only permitted to telecast a delayed replay of the last quarter of games. From 1974 until 1986, the Seven Network and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) were given exclusive rights to VFL/AFL games. The only year Seven did not telecast games was 1987 when the rights were bought by Broadcom, which on-sold the rights to the ABC in Victoria. Seven regained the rights in 1988 and also exclusive rights.
With the launch of subscription television in Australia, AFL match coverage commenced on cable television. Optus Vision bid for and won exclusive pay-TV rights from 1996 to 2001, screening coverage on its own 24-hour AFL channel, branded Sports AFL in Brisbane, Sydney and Melbourne (where available). The Sports AFL channel was later closed due to financial issues and relaunched in March 1999 as C7 Sport by the Seven Network with AFL match coverage also transferred to the new channel. C7 Sport became available in regional areas not in the Foxtel or Optus Vision licence area via Austar soon after the re-launch. The AFL coverage was not available through Foxtel at this time as the Seven Network and Foxtel disagreed on the cost of carrying the C7 channel. These issues regarding C7 and AFL broadcasting rights evolved into a court case between not just the Seven Network and News Limited but Seven against the owners of the Nine Network and Network Ten in the years that followed.
On 25 January 2001, the Seven Network's main rivals, the Kerry Packer led Nine Network, Network Ten and pay-TV's Foxtel set up a consortium which bid $500 million for the right to broadcast the 2002–2006 seasons inclusive. Seven had purchased a guaranteed right to make the last bid in 1995, but decided not to outbid their rivals. The games were split between the networks, with Nine screening Friday Night Football, a live Sunday afternoon game in the east and, if needed, a doubleheader for WA and SA, Ten screened a Saturday afternoon and a Saturday night match, with the remaining three matches shown on Foxtel. Foxtel set up its own version of a dedicated AFL-only channel, the Fox Footy Channel, which showed every game on replay during the week, as well as many news, talkback and general interest shows related to Australian rules football.
When the rights were offered again in January 2006 for the 2007 to 2011 seasons, Seven formed an alliance with Ten and used its guaranteed last bid rights to match Nine's offer of $780 million to win back the broadcast rights in what was the biggest sport telecasting deal in Australian history at the time. After lengthy negotiations, Foxtel agreed to be a broadcast partner and showed four live matches each week, although no longer on a dedicated AFL channel. Seven took back the Friday night match and only one game on Sunday, while Ten retained showing two matches on Saturdays. Foxtel showed two games on Saturday and two on Sunday, including a late afternoon or twilight game.
The 2012–2016 rights were bought by Seven, Foxtel and Telstra for $1.25 billion, the biggest sport telecasting deal in Australian history at the time. As part of the deal, Foxtel would show all home-and-away AFL matches live, as well as all Finals bar the grand final, via the resurrected Fox Footy. Telstra would broadcast all matches via mobile and Seven would broadcast three live matches (Friday night, Saturday night and Sunday afternoon) and one delayed match (Saturday afternoon). Seven also had the option to on-sell one game a week to either Nine or Ten; this did not happen.
The 2017–2022 rights were re-bought by Seven, Foxtel and Telstra for $2.5 billion, besting the previous deal to become the most lucrative in Australian history at the time. Under the terms of the deal, Seven broadcasts at least three live matches per round as well as all Finals matches, whilst Foxtel broadcasts (or simulcasts Seven's feed) all nine matches per round, as well as all Finals bar the grand final, which is exclusively broadcast by Seven. Telstra continues to maintain exclusive mobile broadcast rights to all matches. There are some variations in broadcasting dependent on the relevant state or territory. The agreement with Seven, Foxtel and Telstra was extended in 2020 by two years to include the 2023 and 2024 seasons.
In 2021 Telstra's AFL streaming service, AFL Live Pass, was removed and replaced with access to Kayo, run by Streamotion, a wholly owned subsidiary of Foxtel.
The 2025–2031 rights were re-bought by Seven, Foxtel and Telstra for $4.5 billion, once again besting the previous deal to become the most lucrative in Australian history. As part of the deal, Seven would show three-and-a-half games a week on average during the home-and-away season, as well as all Finals and the Brownlow Medal. This includes Thursday Night games for the first 15 rounds of each season and streaming rights to all matches they broadcast via 7+. Fox Footy would continue to show every home-and-away game and every final live bar the Grand Final via Foxtel and Kayo. All Foxtel matches will have Fox Footy commentary, including simulcasts of Channel Seven matches and Saturday matches will be exclusive to Fox Footy for the first eight rounds bar any marquee matches. These arrangements differ outside of Victoria, where every local team's match will be broadcast on free-to-air, most of them live.
International broadcasts
International broadcast history
Historically AFL broadcasts in other countries have varied.
In late 1979, the brand new ESPN cable network signed the league's first international TV contract. Coverage began with the 1980 season with matches airing on late Friday and Saturday nights, sometimes live but usually one or two week tape delayed to up to 2.5 million subscribers. At the time, reports indicated ESPN paid the VFL nearly $100,000 (the VFL's Australian TV rights deal at the time was just $600,000). The 1983 VFL Grand Final was the first time in history that the Grand Final was broadcast live into the US. Coverage continued on ESPN until 1986, when the sport was dropped after which it was not broadcast in the US for over a decade.
New Zealand was the second country which held broadcast rights in 1980, with highlight packages with the Grand Final going live into the country.
In the early 1990s, American regional sports network Prime Sports (unrelated to the Australian regional television network) aired Seven's weekly highlight show as well as the grand final. Some other English speaking countries have shown the game, however, it has been since 2008 that channels in other countries began televising matches. From 1998 to 2006 games were broadcast in the United States by the Fox Sports World network.
In 2007, after the record domestic television rights deal, the AFL secured an additional bonus: greater international television rights and increase exposure to overseas markets, including a five-year deal with Setanta Sports and new deals with other overseas pay-TV networks. The deal ended early in 2009 when Setanta stopped broadcasting into Great Britain. ESPN again took up the contract.
Additionally, AFL games can be shown in Irish pubs and sport pubs by request in Bangkok although Thailand has no AFL rights because these pubs have subscribed internet cable services.
International broadcast partners
The following countries are ranked by the approximate extent of their current television coverage (and whether it is free to air):
Radio
The first broadcast of a VFL game was by 3AR in 1923, the year that licensed broadcasting commenced in Australia. The first commentator was Wallace (Jumbo) Shallard, a former Geelong player who went on to have a long and respected career in print and broadcast media. The VFL/AFL has been broadcast every year since then by the ABC and (since 1927) by various commercial stations. The saturation period was the early 1960s when seven of the eight extant radio stations (3AR, 3UZ, 3DB, 3KZ, 3AW, 3XY and 3AK) broadcast VFL games each week, as well as broadcasts of Geelong games by local station 3GL. (At this time, the only alternative that radio listeners had to listen to the football on a Saturday afternoon were the classical music and fine arts programs that were broadcast by 3LO).
The AFL's contracted radio broadcast partners are:
Triple M Melbourne
Triple M Hobart
Triple M Adelaide (broadcasts only Adelaide and Port Adelaide matches)
Triple M Perth (broadcasts only Fremantle and West Coast matches)
Triple M Sydney (broadcasts only Greater Western Sydney and Sydney matches)
Triple M Brisbane (broadcasts only Brisbane and Gold Coast matches)
1116 SEN Melbourne
SEN SA Adelaide
3AW Melbourne
FIVEaa Adelaide
6PR Perth
K-Rock Geelong (includes broadcasts of Geelong matches)
98.9FM Brisbane
ABC Sport (broadcasts matches across Australia to selected major cities in NSW/QLD/ACT/TAS/SA/WA)
Internet
The AFL's contracted internet/mobile broadcast partner is Telstra. The AFL also provides exclusive broadband content, including streaming video for international fans, via its website. Telstra also hosts the websites of all the 18 AFL clubs.
However, the website is frequently derided by users for its convoluted information architecture and bloated presentation.
Since 2012, Telstra has broadcast live matches over its Next G mobile network for a pay-per-view or season fee.
Since 2019, Kayo has broadcast every game, except the Grand Final, live. In Feb 2021, Telstra terminated the AFL Live Pass service, replacing it with access to Kayo at a discount for Telstra customers.
Streaming rights outside of Australia for full games are currently held by the Watch AFL subscription service operated by Fox Sports Australia.
Corporate relations
Sponsorship
The VFL/AFL's competition naming sponsors have been:
Carlton & United Breweries (1980–81, 86, 89–94, 2001–03)
Holden (1982–83)
Nissan (1984–85)
Sportsplay (1987)
Elder's IXL (1988)
Coca-Cola (1995–2000)
Toyota (2004–present)
The AFL's contracted print media partner is News Corp Australia. The AFL Record is a match-day magazine published by the AFL and is read by around 225,000 people each week.
Membership
The AFL sells memberships that entitle subscribers to reserve seats for matches at Docklands Stadium and the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne. AFL members also receive priority access to finals. Three levels of memberships are offered, bronze, silver and full (gold). Only full members have guaranteed access to preliminary and grand final matches. Bronze members are restricted to fewer matches at the MCG only.
Merchandising
The AFL runs a chain of stores that sell merchandise from all clubs. Merchandise is also available from other retailers.
AFL World
A modern museum called the Hall of Fame and Sensation opened in Melbourne in 2003 to celebrate the culture of the AFL and to provide a venue for the Australian Football Hall of Fame. The museum, a licensed offshoot of the AFL, was originally touted for the MCG but the Hall of Fame failed to receive support from the Melbourne Cricket Club. The new QV shopping centre on Swanston Street was then chosen as the location. However, controversy followed the appointment of an administrator as the museum began running at a loss. Many blamed high entry prices, which were subsequently reduced and the museum remained open to the public. In early 2006 the name was changed to AFL World. It featured various honour boards and memorabilia as well as a range of innovative interactive displays designed to immerse visitors in the experience of elite Australian rules football. It was closed in 2008.
Video games
The following is a list of all the video games from the AFL video game series:
Aussie Rules Footy (1991) NES
AFL Finals Fever (1996) Microsoft Windows
AFL 98 (1997) Microsoft Windows
AFL 99 (1998) PlayStation, Microsoft Windows
Kevin Sheedy's: AFL Coach 2002 (2001) Microsoft Windows
AFL Live 2003 (2002) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Live 2004 (2003) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Live Premiership Edition (2004) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Premiership 2005 (2005) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox
AFL Premiership 2006 (2006) PlayStation 2
AFL Premiership 2007 (2007) PlayStation 2
AFL Mascot Manor (2009) Nintendo DS
AFL Challenge (2009) PlayStation Portable
AFL Live (2011, 2012) PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
AFL (2011, 2012) Wii
AFL Live 2 (2013, 2014, 2015) PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, iOS, Android
AFL Evolution (2017) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
AFL Evolution 2 (2020) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
AFL 23 (2023) Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S
Gambling
The AFL is the subject of footy tipping and betting competitions around Australia run by individuals, syndicates, workplaces and professional bookmakers. In recent years national website based tipping competitions have started to replace the traditional but more labour-intensive, office or pub run competitions.
Fantasy football competitions based on actual player statistics (number of kicks, marks, goals etc.) are also very popular on websites and in newspapers.
Activism
LGBTIQ Policy
The AFL has declared its support for LGBTIQ community, organising pride games in June 2017. In September 2017, in conjunction with the Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey, the AFL modified its logo sign at Docklands Stadium support of same-sex marriage (however, only for 24 hours). However, as of 2023 there has never been an openly gay AFL player, past or present, making the AFL the only major professional sporting code in the world where this is the case. AFL CEO Gillon McLachlan has stated that "the pressure and the weight of being... the first AFL player who comes out and plays as an out, gay man" was too much of a burden for the known gay players in the league to come out. The AFL has also stated that it will be "proud to stand shoulder to shoulder" with any player who comes out. However former players and officials have suggested that a much stronger reasons for the lack of out gay players is a culture of homophobia and silence within the AFL, with former captain and ally Bob Murphy recalling shamefully his offhanded use of homophobic slurs as a young player. Homophobic language remains a problem at games with legal recommendations from the Australian Sports Commission made in 2000 to address this still not implemented. Other activists have suggested that the AFL needs to do more to promote inclusivity, such as through the addition of a pride round in the men's game, like as already exists in the AFLW.
In September 2017 the AFL ruled that Hannah Mouncey, a transgender woman, was ineligible for selection in the 2018 AFLW draft. There has been some opposition to the AFL's decision.
Voice to Parliament
The AFL is a supporter of the Indigenous Voice to Parliament.
Lawsuits
In 2023, a group of former players began a class-action lawsuit against the league regarding the concussions that they suffered while playing. The case is similar to the cases including cases against the NFL and the NHL.
In 2023, former female umpire Libby Toovey is taking the league to the Fair Work Commission, claiming that she was dismissed after uncovering systemic abuse of female umpires by the league.
See also
Australian rules football attendance records
History of Australian rules football in Victoria (1859–1900)
Rivalries in the Australian Football League
Sports attendances
Lists
List of VFL/AFL premiers
List of VFL/AFL minor premiers
List of VFL/AFL pre-season and night series premiers
List of Indigenous Australian VFL/AFL and AFL Women's players
List of VFL/AFL players born outside Australia
List of VFL/AFL players by ethnicity
List of current Australian Football League coaches
List of Australian Football League grounds
List of sports venues in Australia
List of VFL/AFL presidents
List of VFL/AFL records
List of individual match awards in the Australian Football League
Notes
References
External links
Statistics and results
AustralianFootball
AFL Tables
Final Siren with comprehensive AFL Statistics 1980–2008
AFL Statistics by FootyWire
Comprehensive & unique AFL Statistics by ProWess Sports
Footystats Diary: AFL records/results/analysis plus news digest
AFL on Austadiums
Major AFL news websites
The Age Footy News
Herald Sun Footy News
Fox Sports Australia AFL news
Professional sports leagues in Australia
Seven Sport
Australian rules football competitions in Australia
1897 establishments in Australia
Sports leagues established in 1897
Articles which contain graphical timelines |
1253498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurel%20Networks | Laurel Networks | Laurel Networks was founded in 1999, and specialized in routers for telecommunications carriers.
Funding was provided in four rounds the first two of which were:
Round 1: $12.3 million, led by New Enterprise Associates (NEA) and Rein Capital
Round 2: $60M, led by NEA, Trinity Ventures, Worldview Technology Partners and WorldCom Venture Fund
In 2005, after ultimately consuming $120M in venture capital funding, they were purchased by ECI Telecom for $88M, and formally renamed as the Data Networking Division within ECI.
Their primary product is the ST Series of service edge routers. ECI considers the router's ability to do complicated traffic shaping, monitoring and QoS at line rate to be its primary competitive advantage.
They are located in Robinson Township in the Pittsburgh region. They began the startup initially in Sewickley, Pennsylvania.
On November 8, 2011, it was announced that the Pittsburgh office would be closed and that all employees would be laid off by September 30, 2012.
References
External links
ECI Telecom, Data Networking Division web site
Companies based in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Telecommunications companies of the United States
Telecommunications companies established in 1999
American companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Pennsylvania
Companies disestablished in 2012
2012 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania |
63247353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Volta%20a%20la%20Comunitat%20Valenciana | 2004 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana | The 2004 Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana was the 62nd edition of the Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana road cycling stage race, which was held from 24 to 28 February 2004. The race started in Xàbia and finished in Valencia. The race was won by Alejandro Valverde of the team.
General classification
References
Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
2004 in road cycling
2004 in Spanish sport |
45377358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillman%20Hall%20at%20Clemson%20University | Tillman Hall at Clemson University | Tillman Hall is the most famous building on the Clemson University campus. The 3-story brick building with a clock tower is located on a hill overlooking Bowman Field. Tillman Hall is currently the home of the College of Education.
Connected to Tillman Hall is the Tillman Auditorium, a 755-seat auditorium that formerly was a campus chapel named Memorial Chapel. Tillman Auditorium is used primarily for lectures and seminars, small concerts, pageants and dances.
The building was named after Benjamin Tillman, a staunch opponent of civil rights, and is under proposal to be renamed to its original name, the Main Building, commonly called “Old Main”. On June 12, 2020 the proposal was sent to the SC State legislature to rename the building, pending a two thirds majority vote in both the state House and Senate.
History
Tillman Hall was nationally registered as part of Clemson University Historic District I. It is one of the few remaining buildings from Clemson University's original campus.
Tillman Hall was designed by Bruce and Morgan, who also designed several other famous college buildings in the south to include Samford Hall at Auburn University and Tech Tower at Georgia Tech. The building was built in 1893 using the labor of convicts. A fire destroyed all but the exterior walls in 1894. Bruce and Morgan oversaw the subsequent renovation that was completed in 1895. Tillman Hall was originally called the Main Building or Agricultural Hall. The building featured the first library, many classrooms and laboratories, and a chapel.
The original clock in Main Building was built by the Seth Thomas Clock Company and installed in 1906. The clock tower was modernized in 1985, and the old clock was placed into storage. The Western Carolina Chapter of the National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors (NAWCC) became aware of the existence of the old clock in 2005 and worked with members of Clemson's College of Engineering to restore it. The old Tillman tower clock is on display in the Fluor Daniel Building on campus.
On June 12, 2020, Clemson University trustees publicly requested permission from the state legislature to change the name of Tillman Hall back to its original name, the Main building. “Pitchfork” Ben Tillman was a governor and U.S. senator who used virulent racism to dominate South Carolina politics after Reconstruction. The board also voted to rename the university's honor college.
Clemson Memorial Carillon
Located in the top of Tillman Hall's clock tower is a 48-bell traditional carillon.
The carillon was installed in 1987. A 47 bell carillon replaced a single untuned bell, now hanging in Carillon Garden by Sikes Hall, that rang across campus during Clemson's days as a military school. The bells range in weight from 4,386 pounds to 32 pounds. The 48th bell was installed in 2012. The Undergraduate Student Senate voted to allocate $63,000 for a 2,800-pound D#/E flat 3 bell needed to complete the instrument.
Clemson Memorial Carillon is one of only 66 traditional carillons located at universities in North America.
The carillon is configured for the automatic playing of the Westminster chimes every 15 minutes or other music using traditional baton claviers.
The university carillonneur plays the carillon every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday noon-12:30 pm, August to April. Visitors are welcomed into the Tillman Hall tower to watch these performances. Students can take classes to learn how to play.
Thomas Clemson Statue
There is a bronze statue on the front side of Tillman Hall. The statue is nicknamed "Old Green Tom", which refers to the weathered down figure of Clemson University's founder, Thomas Green Clemson.
It is tradition for current undergraduate students to not read the plaque under this statue if they wish to graduate in 4 years.
Current events
Due to Benjamin Tillman's politics, actions, and stance regarding racial relations, the naming of the building currently known as Tillman Hall has come under scrutiny in recent years, particularly during the 2014–2015 academic year. There have been discussions among the student senate, demonstrations by a small number of students, letters written by students to President Clements, and online discussions and petitions; however, the university has said that the only entity with authority to change the name of the iconic building is the current Clemson University Board of Trustees. Most recently, an anonymous group of students publicly defaced the brick of Tillman Hall with spray paint.". On June 12, 2020, the Clemson Board of Trustees passed a motion to petition the SC State legislature to change the name of Tillman Hall.
See also
Clemson University
Clemson University Historic District I
Clemson University Historic District II
Campus of Clemson University
The Legend of the Bell Tower Bandit
List of carillons
References
Bell towers in the United States
Benjamin Tillman
Carillons
Clemson University campus
Clock towers in South Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Pickens County, South Carolina
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in South Carolina |
31548744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983%20Palauan%20Compact%20of%20Free%20Association%20referendum | 1983 Palauan Compact of Free Association referendum | A referendum on the Compact of Free Association was held in Palau on 10 February 1983. Voters were asked three questions:
Whether they approved of the Compact of Free Association between Palau and the United States
Whether they approved of an agreement which placed restrictions on the US with regard to storing and using radioactive, chemical and biological materials in Palau
What their preference for a future political status was if the Free Association (question one) was rejected. They were offered the choice of either "a relationship with the United States closer than Free Association" or independence.
The first two propositions were both approved, nullifying the need for the results of the third. Voter turnout was 78.5%.
Results
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3
References
Palau
1983 in Palau
Referendums in Palau
Palau |
10716166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsch-Englische%20Gesellschaft | Deutsch-Englische Gesellschaft | The Deutsch-Englische Gesellschaft (German-English Society) was the German sister organization of the Anglo-German Fellowship. It was formed in Berlin, Germany, around 1935, under support of the . The Dienststelle Ribbentrop was created by Joachim von Ribbentrop in 1935, and was to function parallel to the German foreign ministry. Using unconventional diplomacy, the Dienststelle was to sway British-German relations.
References
External links
1935 establishments in Germany
Germany–United Kingdom bilateral relations organisations
Organizations established in 1935
United Kingdom friendship associations
Germany friendship associations
Organisations based in Berlin
Foreign relations of Nazi Germany |
10122290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1679%20in%20Ireland | 1679 in Ireland | Events from the year 1679 in Ireland.
Incumbent
Monarch: Charles II
Events
Lismore Cathedral (Church of Ireland) abandoned until 1749.
Births
September 11 – Thomas Parnell, clergyman and poet (d.1718)
Anthony Duane, businessman in America (d.1747)
Deaths
Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet of Donalong, soldier.
References
1670s in Ireland
Ireland
Years of the 17th century in Ireland |
28386325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waryongsan | Waryongsan | Waryongsan is a mountain of Gyeongsangnam-do, southeastern South Korea. It has an elevation of 799 metres.
See also
List of mountains of Korea
References
Sacheon
Mountains of South Gyeongsang Province |
19738020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qionghai | Qionghai | Qionghai, or in local Hainanese dialect as Kheng Hai, is one of the seven county-level cities of Hainan province, China. Although called a "city", Qionghai refers to a large land area in Hainan - an area which was once a county. Within this area is the main city, Qionghai City. It is located in the east of the island at the mouth of the Wanquan River, from the provincial capital of Haikou. It has an area of and in 2010, it had a population of 483,217 people.
The seat of government is at Jiaji (), locally referred to as Kachek city. Bo'ao, seat of the Boao Forum for Asia, belongs to Qionghai.
The former counties of Qiongdong (postal: Kiungtung) and Lehui (樂㑹, postal: Lokwei) are now part of Qionghai City.
Climate
Qionghai has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am). Monsoonal influences are strong, with a relatively lengthy wet season and a pronounced dry season (January to March). Rainfall is heaviest and most frequent from August to October, when typhoons may strike, and is otherwise still common throughout the year, averaging an annual total of ; there are 9.3 days with or more of rain. Humidity is consistently very high, with an average relative humidity of 85.8%. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 31% in February to 62% in July, the city receives 1913 hours of bright sunshine annually; the city receives about only a third of possible sunshine from December thru February, while May thru July is the sunniest time of year.
Administrative divisions
Qionghai is divided into 12 towns:
Other
The most famous dish of Qionghai is called Kazek Duck.
Qionghai is served by Qionghai Bo'ao Airport.
Notable people
Lee Chiaw Meng, served in Prime minister Lee Kuan Yew's cabinet as Minister of Education, Minister of Science and Technology and Member of Parliament.
Patrick Lee, Billionaire Business entrepreneur magnate and the founder of Lee & Man Paper.
Pang Chin Hin (冯振轩), entrepreneur, chairman and founder of the well-known food manufacturing company Mamee Double-Decker (M) Sdn Bhd.
Pang Lim (庞琳), entrepreneur and community figure who founded and currently chairs the Koufu Group Ltd, an F&B establishment operators.
Wee Meng Chee, rapper, singer-songwriter and filmmaker.
See also
List of administrative divisions of Hainan
References
External links
Official website (Chinese)
Qionghai |
21859865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So%20Many%20Words... | So Many Words... | So Many Words... is the debut album for the Serbian Irish folk/Celtic rock band Irish Stew of Sindidun, released in 2005.
Having won the audience reward on Demo Masters Tournament organized by radio Belgrade 202 and an award of the Demo Maraton in 2004 organized by the Belgrade Youth Center, the band entered the studio and recorded their debut album. So Many Words.... was released on October 31, 2005 through One Records, and beside the band's own songs included cover versions of three traditional Irish folk songs. Promotional videos were recorded for the tracks "Puzzle of Life" and "Why".
Track listing
Lyrics and music by Bojan Petrović except where noted.
"McGee's Daughter" (Bojan Petrović, Dušan Radić) - 02:33
"Why" - 03:22
"Puzzle of Life" - 03:54
"Patrick Malone" (Boris Rakas, Bojan Petrović, Nikola Nikoletić) - 02:00
"Last Bottle of Sadness" - 04:08
"The Stew" (Irish Stew of Sindidun) - 03:04
"Running from The Destiny" - 04:34
"Stout" (Bojan Petrović, Nikola Nikoletić) - 03:17
"Rare Moments" - 04:31
"Black and Tans" (Dominic Behan, arranged by Bojan Petrović) - 03:32
"Skibbereen" (Traditional, arranged by Bojan Petrović) - 04:47
"Back Home in Derry" (Bobby Sands, arranged by Bojan Petrović) - 04:31
Personnel
Bojan Petrović - lead vocals, tin whistles
Nenad Gavrilov - acoustic guitar, backing vocals
Ivan Ðurić - banjo, electric guitar, backing vocals
Ana Mrkobrada - violin
Aleksandar Gospodinov - bass guitar, backing vocals
Pavle Medan - drums
References
So Many Words... info on the band's official website
Irish Stew of Sindidun albums
2005 albums
One Records (Serbia) albums |
11393065 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%2053%20Squadron%20RAF | No. 53 Squadron RAF | No. 53 Squadron was a Royal Air Force squadron that saw service in both the First and Second World Wars.
History
No. 53 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps was formed at Catterick on 15 May 1916. Originally intended to be a training squadron, it was sent to France to operate reconnaissance in December that year. The squadron was equipped with the B.E.2e—swapped for the R.E.8 in April 1917. It returned the UK in March 1919 to Old Sarum where it was disbanded on 25 October 1919.
The squadron reformed on 28 June 1937 at RAF Farnborough with the Hawker Hector for Army Cooperation; specialising in night reconnaissance.
The squadron was given the Bristol Blenheim light bomber in January 1939 and moved to France in September. Following the German attack on France in May 1940, the squadron returned to the UK. From here it undertook bombing and reconnaissance missions.
In 1940 it was transferred from RAF Fighter Command to RAF Coastal Command, thereafter alternating between No. 16 Group RAF and No. 19 Group RAF. It moved to RAF St Eval, Cornwall, for anti-submarine and anti-shipping operations. In July 1941 the Blenheims were replaced by the Lockheed Hudson. In July 1942 the squadron was transferred to the Eastern Seaboard of the USA, from there it moved to Trinidad. It returned to Cornwall, RAF Davidstow Moor and was given Armstrong Whitworth Whitleys in early 1943. It moved on to stations in Norfolk but by May was operating the Consolidated Liberators at RAF Thorney Island, Hampshire.
In September 1944 it was transferred to Iceland where it stayed until the end of the war in Europe. It came back to the UK to RAF St Davids, joining RAF Transport Command to carry troops to India. The squadron was disbanded at RAF Gransden Lodge on 15 June 1946.
It was reformed on 1 November 1946 with Douglas Dakotas which it used throughout the Berlin Airlift and was then disbanded again on 31 July 1949.
The squadron reformed the next day at RAF Topcliffe with Handley Page Hastings transports. Blackburn Beverleys replaced the Hastings in 1957. It was disbanded at Abingdon on 28 June 1963.
On 1 November 1965 at RAF Fairford it reformed as the RAF's first and only squadron with the Short Belfast. It moved to RAF Brize Norton in 1967, and remained there until disbanding on 14 September 1976.
See also
List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
1957 Sutton Wick Beverley accident
References
Citations
Bibliography
Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. .
Manson, Jock. United in Effort: The Story of No.53 Squadron Royal Air Force, 1916–1976. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1997. .
Rawlings, John D.R. Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982. .
Sturtivant, Ray I.S.O. and John Hamlin. RAF Flying Training and Support Units since 1912. Staplefield, West Sussex, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 2007. .
External links
No. 53 Squadron Groups and Bases
History of No.'s 51–55 Squadrons at RAF Web
RAF Davidstow Moor
053
053 |
51596657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takuto%20%28singer%29 | Takuto (singer) | is a Japanese musician, singer, songwriter and composer under the Being label between years 2015-2019.
Biography
2015: The beginning of career
In his 4th year of elementary school he discovered his love for guitar. One year later, he started writing and composing songs by himself.
In 2012 he participated in an audition at Treasure Hunter ~Being 2012~ and won a special examination prize.
In December 2015 he made debut and released his first single, "All Categorize", which was used as the ending theme song for the anime television series Young Black Jack.
2016-2017: First One-Man Live
In April 2016, he released his second single, "Futari no Byoushin", which was used as the ending theme for the anime television series Detective Conan. With this song, he made his first TV appearance and performed on the Tokyo Broadcasting System Television music program Live B.
In July 2016 he held his first street-live performances, Real Life Capsule Vol.0 (リアルライブ・カプセルVol.0), in Shinjuku.
On 26 October 2016 Takuto released his first mini-album, Tokyo Chaos, which ranked #141 in its first week.
In November 2016 he continued with street-live performances Real Life Capsule Vol.1.
In January 2017 his new song "Yume Oi Hito" was used as the ending theme for the 4th season of anime television series Yamishibai.
On 8 February 2017 Takuto released his full first studio album Scape Goat (スケープゴート).
In September 2017, Takuto held with the singer Miyakawa-kun the two-man tour "Kamikaze Express". The title was planned to be released as a duet single in February 2018.
In November 2017 as part of celebration for his second debut singer anniversary, Takuto held a one-man acoustic live tour "Kaiki to Kaishi".
2018-2019: Duets with Miyakawa-kun
On 14 February 2018, Takuto released his first collaboration single "Kamikaze Express" with singer Miyakawakun. The song was used as an ending theme for the anime television series Detective Conan.
On 23 May 2019, Takuto released his second mini-album, Noroi ga Toketa Hi, which includes an album mix of a previously released collaboration single.
In July 2019, he released with Miyakawa-kun duet single under duet name Only this time Answer. After the appearance of Ongaku no Hi on the same month, the activities of Takuto has stopped.
Discography
Takuto has released three singles, one mini-album and one studio album.
Singles
Studio albums
EPs
Live performances
November 2015: Mitsubachi Fes 2015 in Tokyo
May 2016: FM802 Funky Market
June 2016: Sakae Sp-ring 2016
July 2016: Real Life Capsule Vol.0
October 2016: Minami Wheel 2016
November 2016: Real Life Capsule Vol.1
December 2016: Acoustic Live "Scapegoat"
February–March 2017: Real Life Capsule Vol.2
September 2017: Two Man Tour (with Miyakawa-kun) "Kamikaze Express"
November 2017: One-man acoustic live "Kaiki to Kaishi"
Anime soundtrack music
"All Categorize" - ending theme for the anime television series Young Black Jack
"Futari Byoushin" - ending theme for the anime television series Detective Conan
"Yume Oi Hito" - ending theme for the 4th season of anime television series Yamishibai
"Kamikaze Express" - ending theme for the anime television series Detective Conan
"Answer" - opening theme for the anime television series Detective Conan
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Being Inc. artists
Japanese male songwriters
Singers from Tokyo
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese male singers |
41427900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu%20Fangzhou | Liu Fangzhou | Liu Fangzhou (; ; born 12 December 1995) is a Chinese tennis player.
On 24 April 2017, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 127. On 24 April 2017, she peaked at No. 431 in the WTA doubles rankings.
Liu made her WTA Tour debut at the 2014 Shenzhen Open, having been awarded a wildcard into the main draw, but lost to Peng Shuai in the first round. Six months later, Liu advanced to the final of the inaugural WTA 125 Jiangxi International Open, where she again faced Peng, this time losing in a tough three-set match.
Playing for the China Fed Cup team, Liu has a win–loss record of 1–3.
WTA 125 finals
Singles: 1 (runner–up)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 22 (5 titles, 17 runner–ups)
Doubles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner–ups)
Fed Cup participation
Singles (1–2)
Doubles (0–1)
Notes
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
Chinese female tennis players
Tennis players at the 2014 Asian Games
Tennis players from Tianjin
Asian Games competitors for China
21st-century Chinese women |
62077308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Paleologus | Theodore Paleologus | Theodore Paleologus (; – 21 January 1636) was a 16th and 17th-century Italian nobleman, soldier and assassin. According to the genealogy presented on Theodore's tombstone, he was a direct male-line descendant of the Palaiologos dynasty, which had ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1259 to its fall in 1453. Though most of the figures in the genealogy can be verified to have been real historical figures, the veracity of his imperial descent is uncertain.
Born in Pesaro around 1560, Theodore was forced into exile after being convicted for the attempted murder of man called Leone Ramusciatti. He lived in exile for many years and went on to become a proficient soldier and hired assassin. In 1597, Theodore arrived in London, hired by the authorities of the Republic of Lucca to kill a man named Alessandro Antelminelli. After failing to track down Antelminelli, Theodore stayed in England, possibly for the rest of his life.
In 1600, Theodore was hired by Henry Clinton, the Earl of Lincoln, ostensibly as "Master of the Horse" but in reality probably as a henchman and assassin. At the time, Clinton was perhaps the most hated nobleman in the entire country. Theodore probably accompanied Clinton on his visits around the country, most of them having to do with Clinton's frequent battles with the law. In Clinton's service, Theodore also met the famous captain and explorer John Smith, whom he gradually helped introduce back into society after Smith had elected to live as a recluse.
While living in Plymouth in 1628, Theodore was offered employment by the Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers, almost as hated as the now deceased Earl of Lincoln, but Villiers was assassinated soon thereafter. Theodore was then invited by a Sir Nicholas Lower to stay with him at his house, Clifton Hall, in Landulph, Cornwall. There, Theodore lived until his death in 1636. He was buried at Landulph and was survived by five of the six or seven children whom he had with his wife, Mary Balls. Of these children, only Ferdinand Paleologus, who later emigrated to Barbados, is known to have had children of his own.
Biography
Early life
Born in Pesaro in the north central east coast of Italy around 1560, Theodore Paleologus was the son of Camilio Paleologus, about whom very little is known. The name of his mother is not known. Theodore's family might have been late-surviving descendants of the Palaiologos dynasty, which ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1259 to 1453. They claimed descent from Thomas Palaiologos (Camilio being Thomas's supposed great-great-grandson), a brother of the final emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos, through a son called John, whose existence can not be confirmed through contemporary sources. All other purported ancestors (descendants of this John) of the later Paleologus family can be verified through contemporary records. On account of the absence of evidence for John's existence, English Byzantininst Donald Nicol wrote in 1974 that "Theodore’s claim to be a descendant of Thomas Palaiologos [...] must be held unproven". John Hall, author of a 2015 biography on Theodore, believes that it would be wrong to "dismiss Theodore's claim out of hand" on account of a single missing link.
During his early life, Theodore lived with his two uncles, Camilio's brothers, Scipione and Leonidas Paleologus, in Pesaro. In 1578, the three found themselves embroiled in a scandal, as they were convicted for the attempted murder of Leone Ramusciatti, a man who was also of Greek descent. After failing to kill him, in an attempt to avoid arrest, they barricaded themselves in a church. Contemporary records from Pesaro refers to the three as a something akin to a gang, and alludes to a previous (successful) murder committed by them. The fate of Scipione is unknown, but Leonidas was executed. Theodore, who is referred to as a minor (though he was obviously old enough to partake in the crime, probably 16–18 years old) was spared the death penalty and instead banished not only from Pesaro, but from the entire Duchy of Urbino.
Career as an assassin
Theodore is not attested again until nineteen years later, upon his arrival to England in 1597. If Theodore's own later account is to be believed, some of the time in exile was spent fighting for the Protestants in the Netherlands, alongside the famous general Maurice of Nassau, as part of the Dutch Revolt. Theodore arrived in England as an assassin, hired to track down and kill Alessandro Antelminelli, a 25-year old citizen of the Republic of Lucca in Italy. Antelminelli's father and three brothers had been captured, tortured and executed in Lucca on charges of treason one year prior. Though Antelminelli had been absent during the time of the supposed crime, he had nonetheless been summoned to stand trial for his supposed complicity. Understanding that being at the trial would mean certain execution, he had instead fled to England and assumed the alias of "Ambergio Salvetti", claiming to be from Florence. As "Salvetti", Antelminelli became a comrade of the diplomat and poet Henry Wotton.
Around 40 years old, Theodore was by this point in time evidently well-established as an assassin. At some point between 1578 and 1597, he had been pardoned at Pesaro and had been allowed to return to his hometown, as proven by a letter addressed to "Signor Teodoro Paleologo" in Pesaro, dated 1597. The tone of this letter, signed by the senior magistrate of Lucca, Francesco Andreotti, speaks to Theodore's apparently impressive reputation:
The authorities at Lucca had first hired another assassin to kill Antelminelli, Marcantonio Franceotti. Franceotti had been paid 200 pounds in advance, but had failed to track down Antelminelli and suggested that the authorities at Lucca commission a "more seasoned killer". Franceotti recommended Paleologus, and is probably the same person as the one who personally delivered the Lucchese message ("the bearer of this" referred to in the letter). Like Franceotti before him, Paleologus also failed to find and kill Antelminelli. Despite further attempts to kill him until at least 1627, Antelminelli eventually died of natural causes in 1657.
In the service of the Earl of Lincoln
After failing to track down Antelminelli, Theodore chose to stay in England. To earn money, he entered into the service of Henry Clinton, the Earl of Lincoln, in 1599. Theodore would spend many years living at Clinton's castle, Tattershall Castle in Lincolnshire. The castle had once been denounced by King Henry VIII as "one of the most brutal and beastly [castles] of the whole realm" and the town it overlooked, also called Tattershall, was scarcely more than a village at this point in time, having suffered a drastic depopulation in the late 16th century. Henry Clinton was almost sixty years old and one of the most brutal, feared and hated feudal lords in Britain. Clinton is frequently described as waging war on his neighbors and is often credited with rioting, abduction, arson, sabotage, extortion and perjury. At one point, Clinton even expanded his castle walls into the nearby churchyard.
Clinton officially hired Theodore as his Master of the Horse, but he clearly had intended uses for Theodore beyond the Italian's skills with horses, and presumably knew of Theodore's previous work. It is thus likely that Clinton's real intended use for Theodore was as a soldier and assassin. Theodore himself probably entered Clinton's service due to his advancing age, hoping to find a safer and more stable profession than his many years as a hired killer. Clinton was often at London due to his frequent entanglements with the law, during which Theodore, as Master of the Horse, would likely have accompanied and escorted him.
While staying at Tattershall, Theodore met his future wife, Mary Balls. Mary had been born in Hadleigh, Suffolk (she is known to have been 24 years old in 1599) and had no known friends or family outside that town, making her sudden appearance at Tattershall in 1599 somewhat puzzling. The only certain previous link between her family and Tattershall is her father, William Balls, being recorded as a witness to a legal document in Tattershall in 1585. William might thus have been known at the Tattershall household in some capacity.
Mary conceived Theodore's first child , and she married him in Cottingham, East Yorkshire on 1 May 1600, at which point she was several months pregnant. It is possible that the reason for the wedding being so late, only six weeks before the birth of their child, was Theodore accompanying Clinton on one of his law-related trips to London. The ceremony took place in the Church of St. Mary in Cottingham, where the marriage register records the marriage of Thedorus Palelogu and Maria Balle. The couple might have chosen to marry at Cottingham, nearly seventy miles away from Tattershall, due to Cottingham being under the rule of the Duke of Suffolk, Clinton's feudal superior. Because of the relation between the duke and the earl, the priest in Cottingham might have avoided asking awkward questions in regards to Mary's pregnancy. Their first child, named Theodore, was baptised on 12 June but died an infant on 1 September.
During their time in Lincolnshire, Theodore and Mary had further children. Baptismal records at Tattershall confirms the baptisms of three of their five, possibly six, later children. On 18 August 1606, their daughter Dorothy (identified in the records as "Dorathie, daughter of Theodore Palalogo") was baptised, followed by Theodore Junior ("Theodore Palalogo, son of Theodore Palalogo") on 30 April 1609 and John Theodore ("John Theodore, son of Paleologo Theodore) on 11 July 1611. There is also a partially legible entry for "Elizabeth, daughter of Theo ..." from August 1614, likely another child of Theodore. Since no further records are known of this Elizabeth, she is likely to have died in infancy.
On 14 May 1600, Francis Norreys, the son of Clinton's wife Elizabeth Morrison by a previous marriage, wrote to the Secretary of State, Robert Cecil, in the hope that he would intervene in Clinton's affairs, since Clinton had recently ordered that Elizabeth be confined to Tatershall Castle. The letter references an "Italian murderer", likely Theodore. With Clinton pressured to release her as more and more letters describing her situation came in to Cecil, Elizabeth was released later that year. A passage of Norreys's message reads:
During his time at Tattershall, Theodore also met and befriended John Smith (later a famous captain and explorer in the Americas). After Smith had served as a soldier in the Netherlands, he had returned home to Lincolnshire in 1600 and, tiring of the company of the locals, lived as a recluse, constructing a small wooden house a decent distance away from any major town or village. In his own writings, Smith describes how he was befriended by a “Thaedora Polalaga, Rider to Henry Earle of Lincolne” and describes the man as an “excellent horseman” and a “noble Italian gentleman”. Theodore taught Smith Italian and skill at arms, and might have encouraged him to return to the battlefield. In Philip L. Barbour's The Three Worlds of Captain John Smith (1964), Theodore is thought to be the culprit behind filling "John Smith's fancies with further adventurous notions" through legends of the Ottoman Turks. In Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler's Captain John Smith (2006), Theodore is credited with "igniting the spirit of the Crusaders" in Smith. Smith would later partake in military campaigns against the Ottomans before his more famous ventures in the Americas (such as the establishment of Jamestown, Virginia and his encounter with Pocahontas).
Later years
Clinton died on 29 September 1616. After Clinton's death, there are no further records of Theodore at Tattershall, or anywhere else for several years. It is possible that he was quickly evicted by Clinton's son and successor, Thomas Clinton. It is possible that the family lived with Mary's relatives, the Balls family, during this time or that the children were placed in the service of some higher class household, a common practice in regards to adolescents. Another possibility is that Theodore spent much of the time between 1609 and 1621 fighting in the Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War.
Theodore is attested as living in Plymouth from 1619 onwards. On 15 June 1619, a fourth son, Ferdinand, was baptised at the Church of St. Andrew in Plymouth, the event being recorded in the baptismal register as the baptism of "Ffardinando son of Theodore Paleologus an Ittalian". The rest of his family was with him at Plymouth, with a document confidently placing Theodore Junior there at least as early as 1623. Theodore was a householder (landlord) in Plymouth, rated in 1628 at a halfpenny a week. That same year, Theodore, now in his mid-sixties, offered his services to the Duke of Buckingham, George Villiers. On account of corruption, enormous wealth and incompetence (for instance having supported unsuccessful wars with France and Spain), as well as interference with the politics of King Charles I, Villiers was, like Henry Clinton before him, one of the most hated men in all of England. Though the unmarried daughters Dorothy and Mary, and the young Ferdinand, probably lived with Theodore and Mary, the older sons were not at home in 1628, with Theodore Junior, aged 19, making his own life elsewhere and John Theodore probably still being in service.
In Theodore's letter to Villiers, he describes himself as "capable as one who has lived and shed his blood in war since his youth, at the pleasure of the late Prince of Orange, and other diverse English and French lords who have seen and known me and can bear witness" and calls himself a gentleman of a good family, worthy of the name he bears on account of his many accomplishments, but "unlucky in the misfortune experienced by my ancestors and myself". Theodore met Villiers in Plymouth and had seemingly been promised a rather generous employment, but on the 23 August that same year, Villiers was assassinated, leaving Theodore once more without an employer.
Shortly thereafter, Theodore was invited by Sir Nicholas Lower, a rich Cornish squire, to join him at his home in Landulph, Cornwall, probably on account of Theodore's supposedly exalted lineage. Lower's home, Clifton Hall, was divided to accommodate two families after Mary and the Paleologus daughters (and probably Ferdinand) moved in shortly after Theodore. At Clifton Hall, Theodore probably served the Lowers as a scholar of history and the Greek language, possibly helping to educate their children.
Theodore stayed with his family and the Lowers at Clifton Hall for the rest of his life. His wife, Mary Balls, was buried in Plymouth on 24 November 1631 and would have been 56 years old at the time of her death. As per the brass plaque which marks his grave in the Church of St Leonard & St Dilpe in Landulph, Theodore died on 21 January 1636. The brass plaque prominently displays a coat of arms reminiscent of that of the Palaiologos emperors of Byzantium, displaying the imperial double-headed eagle. According to the registers at Landulph, Theodore was buried on 20 October 1636, but this is probably an error since it seems unlikely that his body remained unburied for nine months.
The inscription of Theodore's tombstone reads:
Family and children
With his wife Mary, Theodore had six, possibly seven, children:
Theodore Paleologus (June – 1 September 1600) – Theodore and Mary's first child, died in infancy.
Dorothy Paleologus (August 1606 – 1681) – Remained in Landulph after Theodore's death. Dorothy married William Arundel, son or grandson of Alexander Arundel, who Nicholas Lower had purchased Clifton Hall from. The entries recording the marriage in the marriage registers at Landulph and at William's home parish of St Mellion grandly describe Dorothy as of "imperial stock" (Dorothea Paleologus de stirpe imperatorum). Since the registers at St. Dominic were accidentally destroyed, it is impossible to determine whether Dorothy and William had children, but it is unlikely since Dorothy was fifty years old by the time of the marriage. Dorothy was buried in Landulph in 1681.
Mary Paleologus (? – 1674) – Remained in Landulph after Theodore's death. Very little is known of Mary and she is the only one of the children whose birth year is unknown. She was probably never married and was buried in Landulph on 15 May 1674.
Theodore Paleologus (April 1609 – April/May 1644) – The oldest son to reach adulthood, Theodore Junior fought for the Parliamentarians, or Roundheads, in the English Civil War (1642–1651). He died during the war in 1644, probably of camp fever during the early stages of the siege of Oxford, and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
John Theodore Paleologus (June/July 1611 – ?) – The most enigmatic of the children, John Theodore is thought to have fought for the Royalists, or Cavaliers, in the English Civil War, but left England before its conclusion, being attested in Barbados with his younger brother Ferdinand in 1644. Nothing is known of John Theodore after 1644 and his ultimate fate is unknown.
(?) Elizabeth Paleologus (July/August 1614 – ?) – Known only from a partial baptismal record from Tattershall, Elizabeth is likely to have been another of Theodore and Mary's daughters. As she is never referenced again after this baptismal record, it is probable that she died in infancy.
Ferdinand Paleologus (June 1619 – 2 October 1670) – The youngest son, Ferdinand travelled with John Theodore to Barbados, where he stayed for the rest of his life, becoming one of the elite on the island. He had a son, named Theodore, and was known on Barbados as the "Greek prince from Cornwall". Ferdinand constructed a great house on the island, named Clifton Hall after the house the family had stayed in while in Cornwall.
According to some genealogies, Theodore was married to another woman before Mary. This previous marriage would have taken place on 6 July 1593 on the island Chios, his bride being "Eudoxia Comnena", a daughter of the nobleman Alexius Comnenus and his wife Helen Cantacuzene (both parents possessing surnames of Byzantine imperial dynasties). Eudoxia was to have died on 6 July 1596, three years after the wedding, in childbirth, and the couple's only child was said to have been a girl named "Theodora Paleologus", married in 1614 in Naples to "Prince Demetrius Rhodocanakis". Though this genealogy has been accepted by some historians in the past, and notably convinced the papacy and the British Foreign Office, it originates from forgeries created in the 1860s by the London-based Greek merchant Demetrius Rhodocanakis, who claimed that one of Theodora's descendants was Dr. Constantine Rhodocanakis (a real historical figure), who Demetrius in turn claimed was his ancestor. Demetrius's forgeries were revealed when he published a biography on Constantine Rhodocanakis in 1872, wherein a portrait of Constantine was exposed to actually be a portrait of the author himself, dressed in a costume. His genealogy had been thoroughly debunked by the early 20th century.
Legacy
Theodore's grave was accidentally opened in 1795, revealing an oak coffin. Inside, his body was discovered in a good enough state to ascertain that Theodore was far above common height and had possessed an aquiline nose and a long white beard reaching low on his breast. His well-preserved body means that he had probably been embalmed before being buried.
To this day, Theodore's tomb brings many Greek visitors to Landulph. Greek Orthodox memorial services have been observed for him twice, first in the late 20th century by the Welsh-born archimandrite Barnabas (1915–1995) and then in 2007 by Archbishop Gregorios, head of the Greek Orthodox community in Britain. Barnabas's service for Theodore in the late 20th century was the first service of any kind conducted in Theodore's name since his burial in 1636. Gregorios's rite, conducted on 18 April 2007, involved draping Theodore's grave in silk ribbons with the colors of the Greek flag, and also displaying flags with the double-headed eagle. The rite was not technically a full traditional memorial rite, since Theodore was not Orthodox, but included chants and incense. The two rites were evocations of ancient Byzantium never before seen in Landulph. Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a member of the modern Greek royal family, visited Theodore's tomb together with his wife, Queen Elizabeth II, in 1962.
Theodore has sometimes figured in popular culture. In the novel Sir John Constantine (1906) by Arthur Quiller-Couch, a band of Cornish squires called the "Constantines" are descended from Theodore. The novel is purported to be the 1756 memoirs of Sir John Constantine Paleologus, who with the rest of the Constantines go on several adventures. John Constantine is described as having white hair and an aquiline nose, clearly based on descriptions of the real Theodore Paleologus. In an earlier novella by Quiller-Couch, The Mystery of Joseph Laquedem (1900), a girl named Julie Constantine, also a fictional descendant of Theodore, features in the plot, alongside the actual grave of Theodore himself.
During World War I, playwright William Price Drury wrote and produced a play called The Emperor's Ring, in which the central plot revolves around a delegation from various states in the Balkans arriving to Landulph to bend the knee to a living descendant of Theodore, an aged miner called Simon Paleol in the play. After a telegram arrives informing the delegation of the death of Simon's only son in the trenches, their hopes are dashed and as Simon grows more and more tired of the delegation hoping for him to take his place on the throne of Greece, he grabs Theodore's old signet ring, a priceless heirloom, and throws it in the Tamar river. The Emperor's Ring was later reworked to a short story, published in 1919 with the title All the King's Men. All the King's Men also features a passage inspired by the opening of Theodore's grave, with the addition that his body crumbles to dust as the grave is opened.
The novel Days Without Number (2003) by Robert Goddard is a thriller with supernatural elements and incorporates fictional modern descendants of Theodore as a central plot element. In the novel, Theodore's Paleologus descendants battle with James Bond-style villains through murders, seductions and car and speedboat chases, all in order to find a lost stained glass window with an inscription supposedly containing the date of the Second Coming, preserved by the Knights Templar through the ages.
References
Cited bibliography
1560s births
1636 deaths
Italian emigrants to England
Italian people of Greek descent
Italian assassins |
52681643 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KeyaBingo%21 | KeyaBingo! | KeyaBingo! (stylized as KEYABINGO!) is a Japanese television variety show starring Japanese idol group Keyakizaka46 and Hiragana Keyakizaka46 (now Hinatazaka46). The show ran for four seasons and hosted by the comedy duo Sandwichman. It premiered on July 5, 2016 on NTV and streamed on Hulu Japan. The second season began on January 11, 2017.
DVD and Blu-ray releases
References
External links
Keyakizaka46
2016 Japanese television series debuts
2016 in Japanese television
2017 in Japanese television
Nippon TV original programming
Hulu Japan original programming
Japanese variety television shows |
29089688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miel%20de%20Botton | Miel de Botton | Miel de Botton is a Swiss singer-songwriter, art collector, clinical psychologist and philanthropist. She is the daughter of Gilbert de Botton and granddaughter of Yolande Harmer. Her brother is Alain de Botton.
Early life
Born in Switzerland, Miel grew up in Zurich and studied law at Oxford University. She subsequently qualified in clinical psychology, later practicing in Paris with a focus on the treatment of drug addiction.
Musical career
After relocating to London from Paris, Miel began to write and perform her own music, in collaboration with producer Andy Wright. She has released two albums, Magnetic (2015) and Surrender to the Feeling (2019), and also performed at numerous festivals as well as touring nationally with artists including Wet Wet Wet and Rhydian Roberts. In November 2022 she featured as a guest artist at the Hallenstadion, Zurich in support of Simply Red.
Philanthropy and charitable work
Miel's charitable and philanthropic work has included support for the cancer charity Maggie's, the Nordoff Robbins music therapy charity, the British Red Cross, the World Wildlife Fund for Nature, and the RSPB, as well as the Jerusalem International YMCA Youth Choir.
In 2021, following nomination as a WWF Youth Ambassador, her song "I was Given Nature" was chosen for its annual Earth Hour event.
In 2015 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Weizmann Institute of Science in recognition of her role establishing centres for protein profiling and marine science.
Other work
Miel produced the documentary film Yolande – An Unsung Heroine (2010) about her grandmother Yolande Harmer, an Israeli intelligence officer operating from the mid nineteen-forties, and whose work has been recognised in helping establish the modern State of Israel.
She also produced the film Waste Land (2010), along with her former husband, Angus Aynsley, which chronicles the story of Brazilian artist Vik Muniz and his collaboration with a group of waste pickers (catadores) at the world's largest landfill site in Rio de Janeiro. The film was Oscar-nominated.
References
External links
Miel Music – official website
Swiss expatriates in England
Swiss art collectors
Swiss philanthropists
Living people
People from Zürich
Year of birth missing (living people)
Swiss songwriters
Swiss people of Egyptian-Jewish descent
Swiss Ashkenazi Jews
Swiss Sephardi Jews |
18157354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20German%20Plain | North German Plain | The North German Plain or Northern Lowland () is one of the major geographical regions of Germany. It is the German part of the North European Plain. The region is bounded by the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea to the north, Germany's Central Uplands (die Mittelgebirge) to the south, by the Netherlands to the west and Poland to the east.
In the west, the southern boundary of the North German Plain is formed by the Lower Saxon Hills: specifically the ridge of the Teutoburg Forest, the Wiehen Hills, the Weser Hills and the Lower Saxon Börde, which partly separate it from that area of the Plain known as the Westphalian Lowland. Elements of the Rhenish Massif also act a part of the southern boundary of the plain: the Eifel, Bergisches Land and the Sauerland. In the east the North German Plain spreads out beyond the Harz Mountains and Kyffhäuser further to the south as far as the Central Saxon hill country and the foothills of the Ore Mountains.
Landscape, soils and their formation
It is known that the North German Plain was formed during the Pleistocene era as a result of the various glacial advances of terrestrial Scandinavian ice sheets as well as by periglacial geomorphologic processes. The terrain may be considered as part of the Old or Young Drift (Alt- or Jungmoräne), depending on whether or not it was formed by the ice sheets of the last glacial period, the Weichselian Ice Age. The surface relief varies from level to undulating. The lowest points are low moorlands and old marshland on the edge of the ridge of dry land in the west of Schleswig-Holstein (the Wilster Marsh is below sea level) and in the northwest of Lower Saxony (Freepsum, below sea level). The highest points may be referred to as Vistula and Hall glaciation terminal moraines (depending on the ice age which formed them) – e.g., on the Fläming Heath ( above sea level) and the Helpt Hills ). Following the ice ages, rain-fed, raised bogs originated in western and northern Lower Saxony during warm periods of high precipitation (as influenced by Medieval Warm Period). These bogs were formerly widespread but much of this terrain has now been drained or otherwise superseded.
The coastal areas consist of Holocene lake and river marshes and lagoons connected to Pleistocene Old and Young Drift terrain in various stages of formation and weathering. After or during the retreat of the glaciers, wind-borne sand often formed dunes, which were later fixed by vegetation. Human intervention caused the emergence of open heath such as the Lüneburg Heath, and measures such as deforestation and the so-called Plaggenhieb (removal of the topsoil for use as fertilizer elsewhere) caused a wide impoverishment of the soil (Podsol). The most fertile soils are the young marshes (Auen-Vegen) and the Börde areas (Hildesheim Börde, Magdeburg Börde, with their fertile, loess soils). High-level bog peat can be found in the poorest soils, e.g. in the Teufelsmoor. In the loess areas of the lowland are found the oldest settlement locations in Germany (Linear Pottery culture).
The northeastern part of the plain (Young Drift) is geomorphologically distinct and contains a multitude of lakes (e.g. the Mueritz lake in the Mecklenburg Lake Plateau) which are vestiges of the last ice age. The retreating glaciers left this landscape behind around 16,000 to 13,000 years ago. In comparison, the dry plains of northwestern Germany (Lower Saxony, western Schleswig-Holstein, and the Bochum area of North Rhine Westphalia) are more heavily weathered and levelled (Old Drift) as the last large scale glaciations here occurred at least 130,000 years ago.
The region is drained by rivers that flow northwards into the North Sea or the Baltic and tributaries to the Rhine river that flows West. The Rhine, Ems, Weser, Elbe and Havel are the most important rivers which drain the North German Lowlands into the North Sea and created woods in their flood plains and folds, e.g. the Spreewald ("Spree Forest"). Only a small area of the North German Plain falls within the catchment area of the Oder and Neiße rivers which drain into the Baltic.
Climate and vegetation
The North Sea coast and the adjacent coastal areas of the facing East and North Frisian Islands are characterised by a maritime climate. South of the coast, a broad band of maritime and sub-maritime climate stretches from the east coast of Schleswig-Holstein to the western edges of the Central Uplands. To the south east and east, the climate becomes increasingly subcontinental: characterised by temperature differences between summer and winter which progressively increase away from the tempering effect of the ocean. Locally, a drier continental climate can be found in the rain shadow of the Harz and some smaller areas of upland like the Drawehn and the Fläming. Special microclimates occur in bogs and heathlands and, for example, in the Altes Land near Hamburg, which is characterised by relatively mild temperatures year round due to the proximity of the North Sea and lower Elbe river, providing excellent conditions for fruit production.
Azonal vegetation complexes of moors, riparian forests, fens and water bodies originally stretched along the rivers Ems, Weser, Elbe, Havel and Spree. Distinctive salt marshes, tideflats and tidal reed beds in the estuaries existed permanently in the tidal zone of the North Sea coast. The natural vegetation of the North German Plain is thought to have been forest formed mainly by the dominant species European Beech (Fagetalia).
Natural regions
According to Germany's Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, the BfN, the North German Plain consists of the natural regions listed below. Where possible, their names have been derived from authoritative English-language source(s), as indicated by the references.
* D01 Mecklenburg Coastal Lowland
* D02 Northeast Mecklenburg Lowland (including the Szczecin Lagoon)
* D03 Mecklenburg Lake Plateau Hinterland
* D04 Mecklenburg Lake Plateau
* D05 North Brandenburg Plateaux and Upland
* D06 East Brandenburg Plateau
* D07 Oder Valley
* D08 Lusatian Basin and Spreewald
* D09 Middle Elbe Plain
* D10 Elbe-Mulde Plain
* D11 Fläming Heath
* D12 Brandenburg Heath and Lake District
* D13 Upper Lusatian Plateau
* D14 Upper Lusatia
* D21 Schleswig-Holstein Marsh
* D22 Schleswig-Holstein Geest (older moraines above marsh level)
* D23 Schleswig-Holstein Morainic Uplands (more recent moraines)
* D24 Lower Elbe Marsch
* D25 Ems and Weser Marsh
* D26 East Frisian Geest
* D27 Stade Geest
* D28 Lüneburg Heath
* D29 Wendland and Altmark
* D30 Dümmer and Ems-Hunte Geest
* D31 Weser-Aller Plain
* D34 Westphalian Lowland or Basin
* D35 Lower Rhine Plain and Cologne Lowland
Military importance
During the Cold War, should war have broken out between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, NATO military strategists identified the North German plain as an area that could have been used for two of three major invasion routes into Western Europe by Warsaw Pact forces. The third possibility was the Fulda Gap route further south. The North German plain routes were seen as the best attack options for an attacking army. However, the Fulda Gap option was seen as the most likely invasion route because of easier and closer access to tactical and strategic goals important for an invasion of Western Europe. Of the two North German plain invasion options, the southern route of the attack, which had the better strategic opportunities, would have been led by the Soviet Third Shock Army. The plain's geography, which makes it suitable for the deployment of armored and mechanized maneuver, led to it being identified as a major invasion route into West Germany. The defense of the Plain was the responsibility of NATO's Northern Army Group and Second Allied Tactical Air Force, made up of German, Dutch, Belgian, British, and some US forces.
See also
Natural regions of Germany
Northern European Plain
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Ellenberg, Heinz. Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen in ökologischer, dynamischer und historischer Sicht: 170 Tabellen. Stuttgart: Ulmer, 1996. .
External links
"North German Plain", Britannica Online Encyclopedia
Federal (German) Statistical Office - Geography and climate
Germany's Geography
European Plain
Plains of Germany
Physiographic provinces |
58951492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branyan | Branyan | Branyan may refer to:
Branyan, Queensland, a locality in the Bundaberg Region, Queensland, Australia
People with the surname
John Branyan (born 1965), American comedian
Russell Branyan (born 1975), American baseball player |
53237142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klukom | Klukom | Klukom may refer to the following places in Choszczno County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland:
Nowy Klukom
Stary Klukom |
8532167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaun%20Gayle | Shaun Gayle | Shaun Lanard Gayle (born March 8, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL). He played twelve seasons, eleven for the Chicago Bears (1984–1994), and one for the San Diego Chargers (1995). He was drafted by the Bears in the tenth round of the 1984 NFL Draft. He was a member of the Bears squad that won Super Bowl XX in 1985. He was also a member of the "Shuffling Crew" in the video The Super Bowl Shuffle. Gayle attended Ohio State University.
Gayle owns the distinction of returning the shortest punt for a touchdown in NFL history, when he returned a punt five yards for a touchdown against the New York Giants in the Bears 1985 divisional playoff victory. Shaun often appears with former teammates at Chicago Bears Fan Conventions, and currently works as an NFL analyst for Sky Sports, appearing on the weekly NFL broadcast. He is also known for delivering a late blow to San Francisco 49ers quarterback Steve Young while a member of the Bears. The incident occurred in the end zone during a playoff game after Young scored a rushing touchdown. Following the big hit, Young spiked the football in Gayle's direction, and Gayle was then confronted by other 49ers players in a brief melee.
Personal life
Murder of Rhoni Reuter
Gayle had a relationship with Rhoni Reuter, originally of Potosi, Wisconsin. On October 4, 2007, Reuter was about seven months pregnant with Gayle's child when she was shot and killed at her condominium in Deerfield, Illinois. On March 3, 2009, a Chicago woman, Marni Yang, 41, was arrested and charged with two counts of first-degree murder. Yang was also in a relationship with Gayle. It was alleged that Yang was wearing a disguise when she shot and killed Reuter in a jealous rage. In March 2011, Yang was convicted of first-degree murder for the killing.
The Deerfield police have stated that they did not consider Gayle to be a suspect in the murder. Yang's attorney has asserted that Gayle provided false information to the police, and that his whereabouts were unknown for the time of the murder. , the case was under judicial review.
References
1962 births
Living people
Players of American football from Newport News, Virginia
American football cornerbacks
American football safeties
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Chicago Bears players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
San Diego Chargers players
Brian Piccolo Award winners |
33050938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre-serona | Torre-serona | Torre-serona is a village in the province of Lleida and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
Toponymy
From the spanish torre, the tower and the Pyrenean Celt Serona, goddess Sirona.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Segrià |
23106905 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav%20Kuznetsov | Vyacheslav Kuznetsov | Vyacheslav or Viacheslav Kuznetsov may refer to:
Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznetsov (born 1947), Belarusian politician who served as Acting Chairman of the Supreme Soviet in 1994
Vyacheslav Kuznetsov (cyclist) (born 1989), Russian cyclist
Vyacheslav Kuznetsov (composer) (born 1955), Belarusian classical music composer
Vyacheslav Kuznetsov (footballer) (born 1962), Russian football player (senior career 1979–1997) and coach (since 2003) |
10537426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Definitive%20Collection%20%28Olivia%20Newton-John%20album%29 | The Definitive Collection (Olivia Newton-John album) | The Definitive Collection is a compilation of the greatest hits by Olivia Newton-John, an internationally recognised singer and actress. The album was released in 2001 by BMG Records and featured 22 tracks.
Track listing
"You're the One That I Want" from Grease
"Xanadu" from Xanadu
"Magic" from Xanadu
"Sam" from Don't Stop Believin'
"I Honestly Love You" from Long Live Love
"Hopelessly Devoted to You" from Grease
"Suddenly" from Xanadu
"I Need Love"
"A Little More Love"from Totally Hot
"Summer Nights" from Grease
"Physical" from Physical
"What Is Life" from Olivia
"Heart Attack" from Physical 2021 deluxe edition
"Landslide" from Physical
"Make a Move on Me" from Physical
"Have You Never Been Mellow" from Have You Never Been Mellow
"Deeper Than the Night" from Totally Hot
"Banks of the Ohio" from If Not for You
"Take Me Home, Country Roads" from Music Makes My Day
"Long Live Love" from Long Live Love
"If Not For You" from If Not for You
"The Grease Megamix" from The Definitive Collection
In Japan, the order was as follows ("Make a Move on Me" was replaced by "Jolene"):
"Have You Never Been Mellow"
"Xanadu"
"Physical"
"I Honestly Love You"
"Jolene" from Come On Over
"Magic"
"You're the One That I Want"
"Sam"
"Take Me Home, Country Roads"
"If Not for You"
"Hopelessly Devoted to You"
"Suddenly"
"I Need Love"
"Summer Nights"
"Heart Attack"
"Landslide"
"A Little More Love"
"What Is Life"
"Deeper Than the Night"
"Banks of the Ohio"
"Long Live Love"
"Grease Megamix"
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
References
2001 greatest hits albums
Olivia Newton-John compilation albums |
21475197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettore%20Mendicino | Ettore Mendicino | Ettore Mendicino (born 11 February 1990) is an Italian footballer who plays as a striker for Sambenedettese.
Club career
Lazio
Born in Milan, Mendicino began his career in Rome with the successful Lazio youth system. Playing as a centre-forward and earmarked as a potential future-Luca Toni, Mendicino was touted as a key member of Lazio's future.
Mendicino was first promoted to the Lazio first time during the 2007–08 season, yet did not make a senior debut.
At the beginning of the 2008–09 season, Mendicino played for the first team in pre-season friendlies, having a goal wrongfully disallowed against Liverpool at Anfield.
On 8 February 2009, Mendicino made his Serie A debut, coming on as an injury time substitute for Cristian Ledesma in Lazio's 1–0 loss to Fiorentina.
Lazio loaned him to Serie B side Crotone for the 2009–10 season to gain experience. He scored for the club against Modena on 15 November 2009.
During the summer transfer of 2010, Lazio loaned him to Ascoli with the option to switch from loan to 50% co-ownership for €1.5 Million euros. He made his debut during Coppa Italia return match on 15 August 2010 against Lumezzane scoring the first goal of the match just after 6 minutes, whilst he played his first competitive Serie B game for Ascoli on 22 August 2010 in their 0–0 tie against Grosseto.
On 4 July 2013, he moved on loan to Lega Pro Prima Divisione club Salernitana.
On 10 January 2020, he signed with Serie C club Rimini until the end of the season. The contract was to be automatically extended unless the club got relegated, which they were.
On 1 October 2020 he joined Paganese.
On 27 September 2021 he moved to Sambenedettese in Serie D.
International career
On 25 March 2009 Mendicino made his debut with the Italy U-21 squad in a friendly match against Austria.
References
External links
Living people
1990 births
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's youth international footballers
Italy men's under-21 international footballers
SS Lazio players
FC Crotone players
Ascoli Calcio 1898 FC players
AS Gubbio 1910 players
Taranto FC 1927 players
Como 1907 players
US Salernitana 1919 players
SS Arezzo players
Cosenza Calcio players
AC Monza players
SS Monopoli 1966 players
Rimini FC 1912 players
Paganese Calcio 1926 players
US Sambenedettese players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
Men's association football forwards
Footballers from Milan
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in football
Competitors at the 2009 Mediterranean Games |
10017809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifton%20High%20School%2C%20Bristol | Clifton High School, Bristol | Clifton High School is a co-educational private school in Clifton, Bristol, England. Clifton High School was founded as an all-girls' school in 1877 for girls aged 7–17, and the nearby Clifton College was then a boys' school. In 1887, a preparatory class was set-up where boys were soon admitted. It has a student-teacher ratio of 1:5.56. It became fully coeducational in 2009. It is a member of the Society of Heads.
History
Clifton High School for Girls was founded in January 1877 (after some opposition from nearby Bristol Grammar School) by visionaries including John Percival (bishop), the first Headmaster of Clifton College. In 1876, LT-Col. Pears discussed the possibility of founding a day school for girls in Clifton with Dr Percival, Mr Wollaston and others interested in starting an education. Dr Percival asked some of the most prominent Bristol Men, including George Alfred Wills. The first council was started on 12 September 1877. The school officially opened its doors on 24 January 1878 with 67 students. The first student at the school was Bessie Percival, the daughter of the founder John Percival (bishop). The first head was Ms Mary Alice Woods who was head in 1877–1891. In 1887, a preparatory class was set up where boys were soon admitted.
Clifton High originally opened its doors in 1878 at 65 Pembroke Road. Around this time Clifton was at the height of its expansion with the Victoria Rooms, RWA, Christchurch and Whiteladies Road all recently constructed. Within a year of opening, the school needed to expand and as such, on 23 January 1879, moved into a large house that had been built in 1876, on College Road. The house is now part of the school's main building.
In the sixty years following its move significant expansion took place, the original hall was built in 1889 and a new wing added to the original house in 1927 by Sir George Oatley. The wing was funded by a performance performed by students entitled 'Chaucer's England' in 1926. In the mid–1930s the tunnel under the road and gymnasium were constructed. During this time the school also expanded into the houses on School Green and into properties on Clifton Park. By 1951, the school site was largely as it is today.
Boys first joined the Junior School in 1994, and the Sixth Form began accepting boys in 2008 and the school became fully coeducational the following year.
The school is the only one in the region to operate the Diamond Edge model of education. This model means boys and girls are educated together from Nursery to Year 6, then separately in some subjects between Years 7 and 9. In Years 7 to 9 boys and girls are taught separately for English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Games. They are then taught together in all subjects from Years 10 to 13. The Diamond Edge Model was applied in 2009, and is currently directed by senior master, Manolis Psarros.
During the summer break of 2022, Clifton High School revamped some of its facilities and began construction of a new building for the Sixth Form. The same year, it was announced the school would be rebranding. The logo and possibly the uniform would be changed, and the school colours would be condensed into two colours—green and red. The changes are planned to be implemented in September 2023. On 1 December 2022, the first edition of the school newspaper was published. Mr. Bennett, introduced the tradition of teacher's singing and dancing to Christmas songs via video, the first of which was made in 2020.
The school rebranding was made effective in September 2023, and introduced a new logo, tagline, and uniforms.
Rose Day
Clifton High School holds its annual Rose Day at the end of the school year in mid June. It is held to commemorate the school's history and is a celebration of its achievements.
One of the school's oldest traditions, Rose Day was established by Clifton High's first head teacher, Miss Woods, in the 1880s. The Rose was officially chosen by Ms Woods in 1891. In 1945, Rose Day was moved from the nearby Clifton Cathedral to Bristol Cathedral.
Houses
In the 1950s and 1960s the houses were named after the school's founders and early benefactors, Budgett, Percival, Pope, Pears, Winkworth and Wollaston. Later they were named after famous women: Austen (pink); Curie (yellow); and Odette (green). The house names were then changed in academic year 2009–2010 to Holmes, Radcliffe and Redgrave; as this was the first year allowing boys throughout the entire school. The house names were changed back in academic year 2010–2011, following a competition, to the names of the school founders, Wollaston (yellow), Winkworth (red), Pears (blue) and Percival (green).
Facilities
The Great Hall was opened in 1889 and boarding facilities were made in 1896 until the 1990s. A school orchestra was formed in 1893. Current school facilities include a sports centre, swimming pool (opened in 1967), multimedia language centre, cooking room and several information technology rooms. The Rose Theatre was opened in 1967 along with the music and art department buildings, which then housed the sewing house and junior boarding house.
The school owns the Coombe Dingle Sports Centre, in partnership with the University of Bristol, which has facilities including lacrosse, rugby and football pitches, and indoor and outdoor tennis courts. In 2022, Clifton High revamped a large number of facilities, including the dining hall and arts department. Construction of a new Sixth Form Centre finished in March 2023, and was named after former headmistress, Joyce Walters. The school also opened the 'Walters Bistro' in the Sixth Form Centre.
Head teachers
The Heads of Clifton High School, in list by chronological order:
(1877–1891) Ms Mary Alice Woods
(1891–1908) Ms Catherine Burns
(1908–1933) Ms Eleanor Addison Phillips
(1933–1962) Ms D. Nonita Glenday
(1962–1964) Ms Sybil McKillop
(1965–1985) Ms Pamela Stringer
(1985–1996) Ms Joyce Walters
(1996–1998) Mrs Yvonne Graham
(1998–2008) Ms Colette Cullingam
(2008–2020) Dr Alison Neill
(2020–2023) Mr Matthew Bennett
(2023-2024) Mr Luke Goodman
Notable staff
Nevill Francis Mott, Head of Physics, 1947-1955
John Farmer, 1893-1897, Head of Music
Shane Cloete, Director of sport, 2023- present
Notable former pupils
Clifton High School Alumni are known as 'Clifton Rosarians' in-school. Rosarians also get to view 'The Rosarian' a magazine featuring the latest information on the school.
Violet Alford, dancer
Caroline Bammel, religious historian
Jo Durie, professional tennis player
Catharine Edwards, ancient historian and academic
Ruth Edwards, Conservative MP
Elizabeth Filkin, British public functionary
Elinor Goldschmied, English educationalist
Margaret Irwin, novelist
Glynis Johns, actress
Melanie Johnson, Labour politician
Mary Lobel, historian
Dame Eileen Mayo, artist and designer
Mary Renault, writer
Jane Shepherdson, businesswoman
Hilary Spurling, writer
Kate Shortman, artistic swimmer
Isabelle Thorpe, artistic swimmer
Helen Vanderplank, biologist
Mona Wilson, British author and public servant
Archives
Much of the school's information is found in its archives and history books. The school archives can only be accessed by teachers and students with special requests, such as writing about school history. Information can also be found at Bristol archives.
Gallery
References
External links
Private schools in Bristol
Clifton, Bristol
Diamond schools |
24222111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhojhu%20Khurd | Jhojhu Khurd | Jhojhu Khurd is a village in the Bhiwani district of Haryana state, India.Khurd and Kalan Persian language word which means small and Big respectively when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name.
The main village is sangwan gotra separate from Jhojhu Kalan some away on the Dadri-Satnali road. The current sarpanch is Manoj Kumar A.k.A(Billu), the youngest village head to date.
Khurd and Kalan Persian language word which means small and Big respectively when two villages have same name then it is distinguished as Kalan means Big and Khurd means Small with Village Name.
References
Villages in Bhiwani district |
51700579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erez%20Shemesh | Erez Shemesh | Erez Shemesh (ארז שמש; born October 23, 1970) is an Israeli Olympic competitive sailor. Shemesh was born in Israel, and is Jewish.
Sailing career
Shemesh competed for Israel at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Olympic Port, Barcelona, at the age of 22 in Sailing--Men's Two Person Dinghy (470 event) with partner Shai Bachar. They finished in 9th place out of 37 competitors.
In 1993 at the 470 World Championships, Shemesh and Bachar won the bronze medal.
In 1995, Shemesh and Bachar finished in 17th place at the 470 World Championships.
References
External links
Sailors at the 1992 Summer Olympics – 470
1970 births
Living people
Israeli male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Israel
Jewish Israeli sportspeople |
15501531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Ruspoli%2C%203rd%20Duke%20of%20Alcudia%20and%20Sueca | Carlos Ruspoli, 3rd Duke of Alcudia and Sueca | Don Carlos Luis (Carlo Luigi) Ruspoli y Álvarez de Toledo, de Godoy (di Bassano) y Silva-Bazán, dei Principi Ruspoli (1 March 1858 – 10 November 1936) was a Spanish aristocrat, son of Adolfo Ruspoli y Godoy, 2nd Duke of Alcudia, and wife Dona Rosalia Álvarez de Toledo y Silva-Bazán, de Palafox-Portocarrero y Téllez-Girón.
He was 3rd Duke of Sueca (Letter of 31 March 1887), 3rd Duke of Alcudia (Letter of 25 February 1915), with a Coat of Arms of de Godoy, and 17th Count of Chinchón with a Coat of Arms of de Borbón (Letter of 31 March 1887), three times Grandee of Spain First Class and 4th Count of Évoramonte in Portugal de Juro e Herdade with Honours of Relative both in succession of his father, Senator of the Realm by his own right, etc. And Prince of the Holy Roman Empire.
Marriages and children
He married firstly at San Sebastián, on 5 December 1896, his cousin Doña María del Carmen Caro y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Gomurcio (Madrid, 18 May 1856/1865 – Madrid, 24 April 1907), daughter of Don Carlos Caro y Álvarez de Toledo, de Salas y Palafox, Count of Caltavuturo and wife and cousin Doña María de la Encarnación Caro y Gomurcio, Caro y Ugarte-Barrientos, both of the Dukes of Montalto, Marquesses of La Romana, etc., descendants of Pedro Caro y Sureda, 3rd marqués de La Romana, and had three children:
Doña Rosalía Blanca Ruspoli y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Caro, dei Principi Ruspoli (Paris, 5 August 1898 – Madrid, 28 June 1926), married at San Sebastián, 16 July 1921 as his first wife her cousin Don Alfonso (Alonso) Cristiano Álvarez de Toledo y Mencos, de Samaniego y Rebolledo (Madrid, 28 November 1896 – Madrid, 2 April 1990), 4th Duke of Zaragoza, 11th Marquess of San Felices de Aragón (Royal Letter of San Sebastián, 16 June 1921), 10th Marquess of Casa Pontejos, 8th Marquess of Lazán, 7th Marquess of Miraflores, 12th Count of Los Arcos, 11th Count of Campo Eril, Grandee of Spain First Class, with a Coat of Arms of Roger de Eril, and had an only daughter
Doña María del Rosario Ignacia Álvarez de Toledo y Ruspoli, de Mencos y Caro, 11th Marchioness Casa Pontejos (Madrid, 5 November 1923 – 2017), unmarried and without issue
Doña María de la Encarnacion Ruspoli y Caro, Álvarez de Toledo y Caro, dei Principi Ruspoli (Madrid, 5 May 1900 – Madrid, 14 February / 5 July 1965), married in Madrid, 16/26 April 1930 Don Mariano del Prado y O'Neill, de Lisboa y Salamanca (Madrid, 15 September 1901 – Madrid, 18 October 1963), 9th Marquess of Acapulco, 10th Marquess of Caicedo 3rd Marquess of Ogijares, 3rd Marquess of Rincon de San Ildefonso and 3rd Count of Buelna, and had seven children:
Doña Maria del Carmen del Prado y Ruspoli (1931) She married Don Antonio Zaldó Muriedas. With issue.
Don Mariano del Prado y Ruspoli (1933- 1989), 10th Marquess of Acapulco and 4th Count of Buelna. He married Doña Maria Teresa Narváez y Melgar. With issue
Don Carlos del Prado y Ruspoli, 11th Marquess of Caicedo. He married Camilla Jessel daughter of Edward Jessel, 2nd Baron Jessel and Helen Vane-Tempest Stewart. With issue.
Don Jaime del Prado y Ruspoli (1936-1991) 4thMarquess of Ogijares. He married Irene Martínez y Capriles. With issue.
Doña Blanca del Prado y Ruspoli (1939). She married Don Alberto Olalquiaga y Soriano.
Don José del Prado y Ruspoli (1940-2008), 4th Marquess of Rincon de San Ildefonso. He married Carlota de Cendra y del Rivero of Marquisses of Casa López. With issue.
Doña María Ignacia del Prado y Ruspoli (1945) She married Don Fermín Correas y Rosillo. With issue.
Camilo Ruspoli, 4th Duke of Alcudia and Sueca
He married secondly in Madrid, 2 July 1911 Doña Josefa Pardo y Manuel de Villena (Madrid, 13 February 1869 – ?), widow of don José de Agrella y ..., ... y ..., daughter of Don Arturo Pardo y de Inchausti, ... y ..., 9th Consort Count of Via Manuel Grandee of Spain First Class, Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, maestrante of Zaragoza, and wife Dona María Isabel Manuel de Villena y Álvarez de las Asturias-Bohórques, de Bambalere y Guiráldez, 9th Countess of Via Manuel, 13th Marchioness of Rafal, Marchioness of Puebla de Rocamora, Countess of la Granja, 5th Baroness of Monte Villena, Grandee of Spain First Class, without issue.
See also
Ruspoli
References
Affonso, Domingos de Araújo and Valdez, Rui Dique Travassos, Livro de Oiro da Nobreza (3 volumes), Volume 1, p. 491-8, Lisbon, 1938
Instituto de Salazar y Castro, Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles, various (periodical publication)
External links
Carlos Luis Ruspoli y Álvarez de Toledo on a genealogical site
1858 births
1936 deaths
Italian nobility
103
103
Counts of Chinchón
Álvarez de Toledo family
Ruspoli family
Grandees of Spain
People from Madrid |
44049971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akseli%20Brander | Akseli Brander | Aksel (Akseli) Vilhelm Brander (18 April 1876 – 3 October 1958) was a Finnish agronomist, educationist, farmer and politician. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1933 to 1951, representing the Agrarian League. He was born in Kitee, and was the younger brother of Augusta Laine and of Uuno and Helena Brander.
References
1876 births
1958 deaths
People from Kitee
People from Kuopio Province (Grand Duchy of Finland)
Centre Party (Finland) politicians
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1933–1936)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1936–1939)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1939–1945)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1945–1948)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (1948–1951)
People of the Finnish Civil War (White side)
Finnish people of World War II |
24300825 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffen%20J%C3%BCrgens | Steffen Jürgens | Steffen Jürgens or Steffen C. Jürgens (born 27 July 1967) is a German actor and film director.
Life and work
After Jürgens studied at the German art college HBK Braunschweig, he went in 1997 to Ludwigsburg to continue his study at the Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg, where he focused on film direction. In 2003, Jürgens finished his study with a diploma. One year later his debut film Der Ärgermacher was released in German cinemas.
Steffen Jürgens also works as independent screenplay author. As an actor, he appeared in a few German TV movies, films and commercials. Furthermore, he took part in of the first German web series for the German Video hosting service watch berlin. The series was called Der Kulturterrorist. Steffen Jürgens played the fictitious character Jochen Antrazith, who confronted the Berlin citizens with cultural and political themes and provocative statements, comparable to figures like Borat or Horst Schlämmer.
In the late 1990s while Jürgens researched for his short feature film Stuhlberg - Der jüngste Manager Europas, he accompanied Lolo Ferrari, billed as "the woman with the largest breasts in the world", during her tour through German TV-talk shows and discos, filmed her and got to know her German manager, Martin Baldauf. Jürgens was fascinated by this charismatic and egocentric person. So, his short film Stuhlberg - Der jüngste Manager Europas was—not as planned—more a film about Martin Baldauf than Lolo Ferrari. In the movie Jürgens plays Martin Baldauf under the name Daniel Luigi Baldauf, which is the main character in the movie. Lolo Ferrari plays an underpart. When Stuhlberg - Der jüngste Manager Europas was finished, Jürgens furthermore takes an interest in Martin Baldauf. After the death of Lolo Ferrari, he, and sometimes the German film producer Rüdiger Heinze, accompanied and filmed Martin Baldauf during his business activities in Germany and the Czech Republic, where he lives and works in the meantime. With the recorded video material, Jürgens created the controversial documentary portrait Der Generalmanager oder How To Sell A Tit Wonder about Martin Baldauf. In 2008 this film was released in German cinemas.
Steffen Jürgens lives in Berlin.
Filmography (selection)
1998: ...die man liebt...
2000: 8 Grad Celsius
2001: My Brother the Vampire (Mein Bruder, der Vampir)
2001: (Das Leben des C. Brunner)
2003: (Der Ärgermacher) , (director, Screenplay author and actor)
2003: (Verschwende deine Jugend)
2004: (TV movie)
2004: Experiment Bootcamp (TV movie)
2004: Don't Look for Me (Such mich nicht)
2004: Off Beat (Kammerflimmern)
2005:
2006: (TV movie)
2006:
2006: Zores (TV movie)
2006: Polizeiruf 110 (TV series)
2006: Der Generalmanager oder How to sell a Tit Wonder (director and cinematographer)
2007: Kahlschlag (TV movie)
2008: 1 May: All Belongs to You (1. Mai)
2008: In Between Days (Die Besucherin)
2008: The Clearing (Die Lichtung)
2009: Claudia - Das Mädchen von Kasse 1 (TV movie)
2009: Résiste - Aufstand der Praktikanten
2012: A Coffee in Berlin
2012: Hives (Košnice)
2016: Bittersweet (Bittersüß)
2016: Ku'damm 56
2017: Notruf Hafenkante - Die Abrechnung (TV series)
Awards and nominations
2007: At the Adolf Grimme Awards the German Video hosting service watch berlin, where Steffen Jürgen appeared as Kulturterrorist was nominated for the Grimme Online Award.
2017: Award Best Supporting Actor at the Romanian film festival Best Film Awards for Bitterweet''
References
External links
Filmkiosk - Steffen C. Jürgens (German)
STEFFEN C. JÜRGENS - CAMERA ACTING (German)
1967 births
Living people
German male film actors
German male television actors
Actors from Braunschweig
Male actors from Berlin
Film directors from Berlin |
11493670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teixeira%20%28Seia%29 | Teixeira (Seia) | Teixeira is a Portuguese parish, located in the municipality of Seia. The population in 2011 was 187, in an area of 15.92 km2.
References
Freguesias of Seia |
4051232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External%20counterpulsation | External counterpulsation | External counterpulsation therapy (ECP) is a procedure that may be performed on individuals with angina, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy.
Medical uses
The FDA approved the CardiAssistTM ECP system for the treatment of angina, acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock under a 510(k) submission in 1980 Since then, additional ECP devices have been cleared by the FDA for use in treating stable or unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and congestive heart failure.
Studies have found EECP to be beneficial for patients with erectile dysfunction and some COPD patients. Additionally, improvements in exercise endurance in the non-diseased patient has been found in research studies.
Some reviews did not find sufficient evidence that it was useful for either angina or heart failure. Other reviews found tentative benefit in those with angina that does not improve with medications.
For stroke due to lack of blood flow a 2012 Cochrane review found insufficient evidence to make conclusions.
Significantly improved the exercise endurance of normal adults, low endurance adults, and COPD patients.
Method
While an individual is undergoing ECP, they have pneumatic cuffs on their legs and is connected to telemetry monitors that monitor heart rate and rhythm. The most common type in use involves three cuffs placed on each leg (on the calves, the lower thighs, and the upper thighs (or buttocks)). The cuffs are timed to inflate and deflate based on the individual's electrocardiogram. The cuffs should ideally inflate at the beginning of diastole and deflate at the beginning of systole. During the inflation portion of the cycle, the calf cuffs inflate first, then the lower thigh cuffs, and finally the upper thigh cuffs. Inflation is controlled by a pressure monitor, and the cuffs are inflated to about 200 mmHg.
Of note, therapies are tailored on an individual basis but beginning regimens tend to include daily one-hour treatments that occur 5 days of the week and last 6–8 weeks with an average overall of 35 hours.
Physiological considerations
One theory is that ECP exposes the coronary circulation to increased shear stress, and that this results in the production of a cascade of growth factors that result in new blood vessel formation in the heart (arteriogenesis and angiogenesis).
To best understand the pathophysiology of the therapy it is easiest to understand what each step does. To begin with, as the cuffs on each leg inflate, starting at the calf and working up to the upper thighs, blood is propelled back to the heart thereby increasing the venous return or preload. This increase in preload occurs simultaneously with diastole which happens to be the time during the cardiac cycle in which coronary perfusion occurs. So, by increasing the coronary perfusion, you allow more oxygen to perfuse the heart and ultimately generate more collateral circulation without actually increasing the work of the heart. Additionally, cardiac output is increased via the Frank-Starling mechanism secondary to the increased venous return. As the cardiac cycle progresses to systole, the cuffs on the extremities deflate, allowing for the increased cardiac output to adequately perfuse all tissues including the extremities.
References
USFDA Approved EECP Treatment Center | Dr. Chandandeep Sandhu, MBBS FCGP FIPM FAM PGC (Cardiology) (11 March 2022)
KKM Approved EECP Treatment Centre Malaysia | Dr Wan Faizal Wan MD (Moscow), MRCP (Ireland), Interventional Cardiology Fellowship (MAL), CCDS (USA), EAPCI (Europe), PgDip Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (NSW)
Cardiac procedures |
37082826 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notagonum%20subangulum | Notagonum subangulum | Notagonum subangulum is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Platyninae. It was described by Darlington in 1952.
References
Notagonum
Beetles described in 1952 |
41205460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keatite | Keatite | Keatite is a silicate mineral with the chemical formula SiO2 (silicon dioxide) that was discovered in nature in 2013. It is a tetragonal polymorph of silica first known as a synthetic phase. It was reported as minute inclusions within clinopyroxene (diopside) crystals in an ultra high pressure garnet pyroxenite body. The host rock is part of the Kokchetav Massif in Kazakhstan.
Keatite was synthesized in 1954 and named for Paul P. Keat who discovered it while studying the role of soda in the crystallization of amorphous silica. Keatite was well known before 1970 as evidenced in few studies from that era.
References
Silica polymorphs |
67596270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval%20Hospital%20Santa%20Margarita%20Ranch | Naval Hospital Santa Margarita Ranch | Naval Hospital Santa Margarita Ranch was a large US Navy hospital facility in Oceanside, California. Located on Camp Pendleton in Camp Pendleton South, California in San Diego County. Naval Hospital Santa Margarita Ranch was the first naval hospital in the area that opened in 1943 to support World War 2 wounded. Built on Rancho Santa Margarita y Las Flores, near the training Center's Lake O'Neill with 1,228 beds. In 1945 the hospital expanded to 1,584 beds. In 1950 the hospital was renamed Naval Hospital Camp Joseph H. Pendleton, Oceanside. The hospital was renamed a few times before being given its current name, Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, in 1967. The 1943 hospital was built quickly, composed of 76 temporary, wood-frame buildings at first with 600 beds and opened on September 3, 1943. The hospital and support building were on 252 acres. Post war, in 1946 the hospital was reduced to 920 beds. In 1971 construction started on a new eight-story hospital, the new hospital opened in December 1974. The 1974 hospital was replaced with the current hospital in 2014. The site of the original Naval Hospital Santa Margarita Ranch is now: Lake O'Neill Campground, Camp Pendleton Youth Sports, O'Neill Fitness Center, Wounded Warrior Battalion West and the Camp Pendleton Fire Department Station 4.
Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton, which replaced Naval Hospital Santa Margarita Ranch is the current hospital that operates in a 500,000-square-foot, four-story building that opened on January 31, 2014. The new complex was completed under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on December 2, 2010, and construction completed on October 17, 2013. The hospital is part of the US Military Health System. The hospital has 150 beds and was built under the Naval Facilities Engineering Command. Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton operates branch clinics in the Southern California area. Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton has a 26-bed emergency center, primary care, intensive care, care for active-duty military, veterans and their families. Other services include: nine operating rooms, six imaging rooms, labor and delivery program. The parking structure has a large solar energy system.
See also
California during World War II
American Theater (1939–1945)
United States home front during World War II
DeWitt General Hospital
External links
Official Website of Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton
Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton Facebook
References
California in World War II
1943 establishments in California
Military facilities in San Diego County, California
North County (San Diego County) |
23966948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DGW | DGW | DGW or dgw may refer to:
Converse County Airport (IATA code: DGW), Wyoming, United States
Daungwurrung language (ISO 639-3 code: dgw), extinct language formerly spoken in Victoria, Australia
Dark Gravity Wave, mining difficulty adjustment algorithm used in the Dash cryptocurrency
Dgw (Dienstgüterwagen), one of the German railway wagon classes
Duoyuan Global Water (NYSE: DGW), Chinese water treatment equipment manufacturing company
See also
Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, formerly the Division for Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS) |
45338522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapoel%20Isfiya%20F.C. | Hapoel Isfiya F.C. | Hapoel Isfiya () is a football club based in Isfiya in northern Israel. The club is currently in Liga Gimel, Jezreel division.
History
Hapoel Isfiya has played their entire history in the lower divisions of Israeli football.
A previous club named Hapoel Isfiya was in existence in 1973. Hapoel joined Liga Dalet, the lowest tier of Israeli football at the time, and reached Liga Gimel by 1976. The club folded, and a new club was founded in the village, Maccabi Isfiya, which in its prime have reached Liga Alef, the third tier of Israeli football.
Hapoel Isfiya were re-established after Maccabi Isfiya had folded at the end of the 2002–03 season, and upon its re-establishment, received the players from the defunct club and joined Liga Gimel, Samaria division. In the following season, the club was transferred to the Jezreel division, and achieved promotion to Liga Bet, after the division winners, Hapoel Kfar Kama, had folded.
In 2005, the club became known as Hapoel Ironi HaCarmel, named after the short-lived Carmel City, which was a merger of Isfiya and Daliyat al-Karmel. However, after the merger was canceled in 2008, the club was renamed back to Hapoel Isfiya.
Hapoel Isfiya finished in fifth place of Liga Bet, North B division in both the 2009–10 and 2010–11 seasons, and qualified for the Promotion play-offs, where on both occasions, they lost 0–2 in the first round to Hapoel Iksal and F.C. Givat Olga respectively. In 2012–13, the club finished 13th and avoided relegation after beating F.C. Bu'eine 4–0 in the first round of the Relegation play-offs. However, in the following season, the club finished 12th and was relegated to Liga Gimel after losing in the Relegation play-offs 2–3 to Hapoel Umm al-Ghanem Nein and 0–1 to F.C. Tzeirei Tur'an in the decisive match.
Honours
League
In popular culture
Hapoel Isfiya appeared in the 34th episode, "Football", of the Israeli TV series Hafuch, when Anat (played by Einat Weitzman), became richer following an investment in the stock market, until she mistakenly bought Hapoel Isfiya. However, it has to be noted that Hapoel Isfiya was a fictional football club at the time, since the TV series was filmed between 1996 and 1999, while the club came into existence in 2003.
External links
Hapoel Isfiya Israel Football Association
References
Isfiya
Isfiya |
69164345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor%20%28soundtrack%29 | Doctor (soundtrack) | Doctor is a soundtrack album composed by Anirudh Ravichander for the 2021 film of the same name. The film marks Anirudh's sixth collaboration with Sivakarthikeyan and second collaboration with Nelson Dilipkumar. All the tracks in the film were released as singles, with "Chellamma" being the first song to be released, received viral response crossing more than 100 million views on YouTube. The original soundtrack album which featured four tracks in total was unveiled by Sony Music on 2 October 2021.
Release
The film marked Anirudh's seventh collaboration with Sivakarthikeyan after 3, Ethir Neechal, Maan Karate, Kaaki Sattai, Remo and Velaikkaran and second collaboration with Nelson Dilipkumar after Kolamavu Kokila. In February 2020, the film's soundtrack rights were purchased by Sony Music India.
Work on the film's soundtrack began during June 2020, when government allowed to resume post-production works which were affected due to the nationwide lockdown due to COVID-19. The first song "Chellamma" was recorded during this intermediate period and was released as the first single. The promotion for the single was done in an interesting way, where an announcement video about the song released on 22 July 2020, featuring Anirudh, Sivakarthikeyan and Nelson. The song was penned by Sivakarthikeyan which had lines about TikTok ban, himself and was sung by Anirudh and Jonita Gandhi. It was released on 24 July 2020, through music streaming platforms and YouTube.
Following the response to the track, the makers unveiled the second single titled "Nenjame", a montage track, on 28 August 2020. A promotional video directed by Nelson and filmed by Vijay Kartik Kannan, the film's cinematographer, the video was shot at the Edward Elliot's Beach in Chennai adhering to the COVID-19 safety guidelines. Sivakarthikeyan and Priyanka Arul Mohan appeared in the music video which was shot in monochrome. It features vocals by the composer Anirudh Ravichander, whilst lyrics by Mohan Rajan.
The team came up with another announcement video on 22 February 2021, after the composer tweeted about the single, the previous day. Anirudh Ravichander later described it as being a mix of classical and western fusion in the video, which later becoming titled as "So Baby". The song was released on 26 February 2021. In March 2021, Anirudh Ravichander tweeted that he is working for the fourth song sung by Arivu, which will mark their second collaboration after "Vaathi Raid" from Master (2021). This song is scheduled to be released as the fourth single from the film, however did not make it to the final track list.
"Soul of Doctor", a theme track featured in the trailer received unanimous praise from the listeners, and owing to the response, the makers released the track as a separate single from the album on 27 September 2021. The song featured a classical music-background score with Jathi in the beginning of the track, similar to the verses featured in "So Baby". While the original song was voiced by violinist, Ananthakrrishnan, who worked in the composer's Albuquerque Records music studio, "Soul of Doctor" was sung by Niranjana Ramanan.
Reception
The album received positive response from critics & viewers praising two singles from the album “So Baby” & “Chellamma”. The first single "Chellamma" received positive response from critics and audiences, and went viral upon its release, crossing 50 million views as of October 2020. "Chellamma" was listed on the Top 5 Chartbuster Songs of 2020 from The Times of India and 7 Songs Needed in Your Playlist: A Yearender Special by Anjana Shekhar of The News Minute. Shekhar further stated that the song is considered as a "perfect dance number that you can groove for parties". In March 2021, the song has crossed more than 100 million views in YouTube.
"So Baby", the third song from the album, was hailed by listeners and music critics praised Anirudh for handling the mix of western and classical style sound. Thinkal Menon of The Times of India said that "the rare fusion of classical and western makes the song more enjoyable". Karthik Srinivasan of Milliblog, in his weekly review stated the song as "vibrant" and praised the instrumentation of the track which works in favour of it. In addition, the song also became a viral hit on YouTube. However, netizens criticised Anirudh saying that he had plagiarized the tunes from Taio Cruz's "Break Your Heart".
The music and score received positive reviews from critics, with Haricharan Pudipeddi of Hindustan Times said that "it holds the film together". A reviewer from Sify stated: "Music by Anirudh is another biggest strength of the film although there are only three songs. The music composer elevates the film with his efficient background score." A reviewer from Moviecrow stated that "Anirudh's music has been complimenting the film even before it made it to the screens and it does handhold the film to success".
Chart performance
Soundtrack listing
Background score
The original soundtrack was released by Sony Music on 16 October 2021, coinciding Anirudh Ravichander's birthday.
References
External links
Doctor (soundtrack) at IMDb
2021 soundtrack albums
2020s film soundtrack albums
Tamil film soundtracks
Sony Music India soundtracks
Anirudh Ravichander soundtracks
Action film soundtracks
Comedy film soundtracks |
44996198 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffar%20Khan%20Leghari | Jaffar Khan Leghari | Muhammad Jaffar Khan Leghari (; 23 June 1945 – 31 December 2022) was a Pakistani politician who was a member of the National Assembly of Pakistan, since August 2018 until his death in December 2022. Previously, he was a member of the National Assembly from October 2002 to 2007, from 2008 to 2013, and from June 2013 to May 2018.
Political career
Leghari was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of National Alliance from Constituency NA-174 (Rajanpur-I) in 2002 Pakistani general election. He received 59,783 votes and defeated Gorish Sardar Gorchani, a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N). In the same election, he ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of National Alliance from Constituency PP-243 (Dera Ghazi Khan-IV) and as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-246 (Dera Ghazi Khan-VII) but was unsuccessful. He received 19,557 votes from Constituency PP-243 (Dera Ghazi Khan-IV) and lost the seat to Sardar Muhammad Khan Laghari. He received 368 votes from Constituency PP-246 (Dera Ghazi Khan-VII) and lost the seat to Sardar Muhammad Yousuf Khan Leghari, a candidate of National Alliance.
Leghari was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency NA-174 (Rajanpur-I) in 2008 Pakistani general election. He received 50,440 votes and defeated Sardar Nasrullah Khan Dreshak. In the same election, he also ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as an independent candidate from Constituency PP-245 (Dera Ghazi Khan-VI) and Constituency PP-246 (Dera Ghazi Khan-VII) but was unsuccessful. He received 553 votes from Constituency PP-245 (Dera Ghazi Khan-VI) and lost the seat to Muhammad Mohsin Khan Leghari. He received 205 votes from Constituency PP-246 (Dera Ghazi Khan-VII) and lost the seat to Sardar Muhammad Yousaf Khan Leghari, a candidate of PML-Q.
Leghari was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-N from Constituency NA-174 (Rajanpur-I) in 2013 Pakistani general election. He received 101,705 votes and defeated an independent candidate, Sardar Nasrullah Khan Dreshak.
In May 2018, he quit PML-N and joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). He was re-elected to the National Assembly as a candidate of PTI from Constituency NA-193 (Rajanpur-I) in 2018 Pakistani general election. He died on 31 December 2022.
Death
Leghari died in Lahore on 31 December 2022, at the age of 81. He was survived by his wife and a daughter.
See also
List of members of the 15th National Assembly of Pakistan
References
External links
1941 births
2022 deaths
Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018
Pakistani MNAs 2008–2013
Pakistani MNAs 2002–2007
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf MNAs
Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs
Pakistan Muslim League (Q) MNAs
Pakistani MNAs 2018–2023 |
22849356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auroue | Auroue | The Auroue is a long river in the Gers, Lot-et-Garonne and Tarn-et-Garonne départements, south western France. Its source is at Crastes, northeast of Auch. It flows generally north. It is a left tributary of the Garonne into which it flows between Saint-Sixte and Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Balerme, southeast of Agen.
Communes along its course
This list is ordered from source to mouth:
Gers: Crastes, Puycasquier, Miramont-Latour, Pis, Taybosc, Goutz, Céran, Brugnens, Cadeilhan, Saint-Léonard, Urdens, Saint-Clar, Magnas, Lectoure, L'Isle-Bouzon, Plieux, Castet-Arrouy, Miradoux, Gimbrède
Lot-et-Garonne: Cuq
Tarn-et-Garonne: Dunes
Lot-et-Garonne: Caudecoste, Saint-Sixte, Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Balerme
References
Rivers of France
Rivers of Gers
Rivers of Lot-et-Garonne
Rivers of Tarn-et-Garonne
Rivers of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Rivers of Occitania (administrative region) |
24235317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demar%20Dotson | Demar Dotson | Demar Dotson (born October 11, 1985) is a former American football offensive tackle. He was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as an undrafted free agent in 2009. He played college football at Southern Mississippi.
Professional career
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Dotson signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers after going undrafted in the 2009 NFL Draft.
In 2012, Dotson re-signed with the Buccaneers on a two-year deal. On September 18, Dotson won the starting right tackle job, beating Jeremy Trueblood. On March 28, 2013, Dotson signed a new four-year contract extension.
In 2013, he was expected to compete with Gabe Carimi, whom the Bucs traded for in June 2013, for the starting position at right tackle. In 2014, after starting 14 games as starting right tackle, Dotson moved to left tackle after poor performances from Anthony Collins.
In 2017, Dotson started 12 games at right tackle before being placed on injured reserve on November 29, 2017.
Denver Broncos
On August 11, 2020, Dotson signed with the Denver Broncos. He started eight games at right tackle in 2020.
References
External links
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio
Southern Miss Golden Eagles bio
1985 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
American men's basketball players
Denver Broncos players
Players of American football from Louisiana
Southern Miss Golden Eagles basketball players
Southern Miss Golden Eagles football players
Sportspeople from Alexandria, Louisiana
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players |
6126689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Servais | Scott Servais | Scott Daniel Servais ( ); born June 4, 1967) is an American professional baseball manager and former player who currently manages the Seattle Mariners.
A major league catcher for eleven seasons, Servais was previously the assistant general manager for the and director of player development for the Texas Rangers. He played in the National League for the Houston Astros, Chicago Cubs, San Francisco Giants, and Colorado Rockies.
Early years
A native of Coon Valley, Wisconsin, Servais played high school baseball for the Westby Norsemen, and was selected in the second round of the 1985 amateur draft by the New York Mets, but did not sign. He opted to attend Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska, and played college baseball for the Creighton Bluejays. In 1986, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Orleans Cardinals of the Cape Cod Baseball League. After his junior season, Servais was taken in the third round of the 1988 amateur draft by the Houston Astros.
National teams
Servais was a member of the United States national baseball team while the team competed in the last Amateur World Series before it was renamed the Baseball World Cup in 1986. Following the Amateur World Series, he played in the 1987 Pan American Games, where they won the silver medal and the 1987 Intercontinental Cup. Servais was also the back-up catcher for Doug Robbins at the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, where the U.S. won the gold medal, although baseball was only a demonstration event.
Playing career
Servais began his major league career in 1991 with the Houston Astros, staying with them until the middle of the 1995 season when he was traded along with Luis Gonzalez to the Chicago Cubs for Rick Wilkins. It was with the Cubs, during the 1998 season, that he played in his only post-season. After the Cubs lost to the Braves in the National League Division Series as a wildcard team, he signed as a free agent with the San Francisco Giants.
Towards the end of the 2000 season, Servais was selected off waivers by the Colorado Rockies. Prior to the 2001 season, he was picked up as a free agent by the Detroit Tigers, but was released before the season began. Shortly before the 2001 season, Servais was picked up as a free agent by the Houston Astros. Servais was initially signed as a free agent prior to the 2002 season, but he did not make the opening day roster, making the 2001 season his final season.
Post-playing career
Texas Rangers and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Servais served in the Texas Rangers' front office as the senior director of player development from 2004 until 2010. He was hired by Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim general manager Jerry Dipoto as assistant general manager in 2011. Dipoto and Servais are close friends, a relationship formed while playing together for the Colorado Rockies in 2000, when the pair had discussed Servais' dream of one day serving as a manager.
Seattle Mariners
When Dipoto resigned during the 2015 season, the Angels hired Billy Eppler. Dipoto was soon hired as the general manager of the Seattle Mariners on September 28, 2015, and second-year manager Lloyd McClendon was fired on October 9, less than a week after the season's conclusion. Two weeks later, Servais was hired as the manager of the Mariners for the 2016 season.
On June 26, 2016, Servais received his first ejection as a manager, asking home plate umpire Carlos Torres why he didn't ask the first or third base umpire to see if Shawn O'Malley went around on his swing or not. He finished his first season with a record of 86 wins and 76 losses.
Servais received his second ejection as a manager on April 16, 2017 after first base umpire C. B. Bucknor originally called Leonys Martín's grounder a foul ball and changed the ruling after Rangers first baseman Mike Napoli pleaded with Bucknor that it was a fair ball and Rangers manager Jeff Banister was on his way out to plead his case. On May 25, 2017, Servais received his third ejection of his managerial career on a questionable strike three call on Guillermo Heredia in the top of the sixth inning against the Nationals. His second season concluded six games under .500, a record of 84 losses vs 78 wins, achieving 3rd place in the American League Western Division.
On July 20, 2018, Jerry Dipoto announced that Servais' contract would be extended for an undisclosed salary and number of years. This extension came when the 2018 Mariners were playing 58-39, the fourth-best record in the MLB. The team would falter after the all-star break and finished the season in third place in the AL West, 14 games behind the first-place Houston Astros, and 8 games out of the wild card playoff game.
Following the 2018 season, Dipoto was given clearance to trade away the team's best players in order to rebuild towards future strength. In kind, the 2019 Mariners finished 68-94 after a blistering, franchise-best 13-2 start. The 2020 season was a development of the future crop of players, with a better result at 27-33. Through the 2019 and 2020 season, rumors circulated about Servais' long-term career stability with the Mariners, although Dipoto and other front office staff have only voiced confidence.
In 2021, Servais led the Mariners to their best season since 2003, finishing with a 90–72 record and two games back in the American League Wild Card race. The Mariners won despite a run differential of -51, the worst ever for a team with at least 90 wins; on the final day of the season, needing a win to possibly force a tie for the Wild Card, the Mariners lost to the Angels. Servais placed second in voting for the American League Manager of the Year Award, behind Kevin Cash of the Tampa Bay Rays.
On September 1, 2021 the Mariners announced that Servais had agreed to a multi-year extension with the club.
In 2022, Servais's Mariners had high expectations, but stumbled to a 29-39 record in the first 68 games of the season. However, the Mariners recovered and made the 2022 MLB playoffs as a wild card team. With this playoff appearance, Servais became only the second manager in Seattle Mariners history to lead the team to the playoffs.
The Mariners faced the Toronto Blue Jays in the 2022 American League Wild Card Series. They won the series in two games, clinching their first playoff series win in 21 years, with the team coming back from an 8-1 deficit in game 2 after the first five innings to win 10-9, the second largest comeback in postseason history.
In the 2022 American League Division Series, they faced the Houston Astros, who had beaten them 12 out of 19 times in AL West matchups. In Game 1, they scored four runs in the first two innings and held the lead to 7-3 going into the eighth inning. However, the bullpen could not hold it together, and the lead was only 7-5 going into the 9th; Paul Sewald allowed two baserunners (a hit by pitch and a single by Jeremy Pena) to reach while only getting two outs. Servais elected to use Robbie Ray to try and get Yordan Alvarez out to end the game. The gambit failed, as Alvarez launched Ray's second pitch into deep right field for a walkoff 8-7 win. Two days later, the Mariners held a 2-1 lead going into the 6th inning. Again, with two outs and Pena on base, Alvarez was at the plate, this time against starter Luis Castillo. Alvarez launched a home run to left field to give Houston a 3-2 lead. In the 8th, Alvarez was intentionally walked by Servais to get to Alex Bregman with a runner on. Bregman promptly lined a shot to right to make the final score 4-2. Two days after that, the Mariners played their first home playoff game in 21 years. 18 innings later, they lost 1-0 on a Pena home run to finish their season. In total, Seattle was outscored 10-2 over the next 29 innings after leading 7-5 in the 7th inning of Game 1.
Managerial record
Personal life
Servais is the nephew of Creighton head baseball coach Ed Servais. Scott is married to Jill (née Hanson), his high school sweetheart. The couple have a son and two daughters.
References
External links
Scott Servais Seattle Mariners profile
Venezuelan Winter League
1967 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Baseball players at the 1987 Pan American Games
Baseball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Baseball players from Wisconsin
Chicago Cubs players
Colorado Rockies players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Columbus Mudcats players
Creighton Bluejays baseball players
Fresno Grizzlies players
Houston Astros players
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim executives
Major League Baseball catchers
Medalists at the 1987 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Navegantes del Magallanes players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in baseball
Orleans Firebirds players
Osceola Astros players
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
People from Vernon County, Wisconsin
San Francisco Giants players
Seattle Mariners managers
Sportspeople from La Crosse, Wisconsin
Texas Rangers personnel
Tucson Toros players |
47484124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V372%20Carinae | V372 Carinae | V372 Carinae is a single star in the southern constellation of Carina. Located around 1300 light-years distant. It shines with a luminosity approximately 1742 times that of the Sun and has a surface temperature of 14132 K. It is a Beta Cephei variable.
References
B-type main-sequence stars
B-type subgiants
Beta Cephei variables
Carina (constellation)
Carinae, b1
Durchmusterung objects
064722
038438
3582
Carinae, V372 |
31982730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oettern-Bremke | Oettern-Bremke | Oettern-Bremke is a village in the borough of Detmold in the district of Lippe in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and lies about 5 km north of the town centre. The neighbouring Detmold villages are, in a clockwise direction, Bentrup, Loßbruch, Klüt, Jerxen-Orbke and Niewald. Oettern-Bremke was probably in the 13th century, like the neighbouring villages of Nienhagen and Niewald, founded as a Hagenhufendorf. The name Oettern comes from otters, that presumably lived in the nearby stream of the same name: Oetternbach. Bremke was mentioned as Bredenbeke in old documents dated 1322 and 1507. Formerly an independent municipality, it is part of the town Detmold since 1970.
Around 153 villagers live in Oettern-Bremke on an area of 3.2 km² (as of August 2006). The current village chairman is Bernd Moritz (SPD), the representative in the Detmold town council is Wolfgang Köster (SPD).
References
External links
Official website of Detmold town
Detmold
Lippe |
59916545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Jos%C3%A9%20de%20la%20Monta%C3%B1a%20District | San José de la Montaña District | San José de la Montaña is a district of the Barva canton, in the Heredia province of Costa Rica.
History
San José de la Montaña was created on 5 July 1954 by Decreto Ejecutivo 35.
Geography
San José de la Montaña has an area of km² and an elevation of metres.
Demographics
For the 2011 census, San José de la Montaña had a population of inhabitants.
Transportation
Road transportation
The district is covered by the following road routes:
National Route 113
National Route 114
References
Districts of Heredia Province
Populated places in Heredia Province |
18615586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudnik-Roman%C3%B3wek | Rudnik-Romanówek | Rudnik-Romanówek () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Rudnik, within Krasnystaw County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.
References
Villages in Krasnystaw County |
27096530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Force%20Racing | John Force Racing | John Force Racing is an NHRA drag racing team. In over 30 years of competition, John Force Racing has won two Top Fuel and 20 Funny Car championships. The current line-up of drivers includes Top Fuel drivers Brittany Force, Austin Prock and Funny car drivers John Force, Robert Hight. The team's leadership includes CEO John Force, President Robert Hight, Vice President Ashley Force Hood, and CFO Adria Hight. Past drivers include Gary Densham, Ashley Force Hood, team crew chief Mike Neff, Eric Medlen, who lost his life while racing for the team and whose number 4 appears on all their cars, Tony Pedregon, who was the first driver other than Force to win a series championship driving for the team, and Courtney Force. In 2017, Brittany Force became the first team driver to win a championship in a classification that is not Funny Car, taking the Top Fuel title.
Force's team had a long term relationship with Castrol and Ford Motor Company, with Castrol serving as Force's primary sponsor for over 30 years and Ford his engine provider for 20 years. Both of those relationships came to an end following the 2014 season when British Petroleum, Castrol's parent company, ceased their sponsorship and Ford pulled out of the NHRA. Force's Funny Car teams now run Chevrolets, sponsored by Old World Industries.
Championships
References
National Hot Rod Association teams
Auto racing teams in the United States
Burmah-Castrol |
10908566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Royal%20Naval%20College | Old Royal Naval College | The Old Royal Naval College is the architectural centrepiece of Maritime Greenwich, a World Heritage Site in Greenwich, London, described by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) as being of "outstanding universal value" and reckoned to be the "finest and most dramatically sited architectural and landscape ensemble in the British Isles". The site is managed by the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College, established in 1997 to conserve the buildings and grounds and convert them into a cultural destination. The buildings were originally constructed to serve as the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich, now generally known as Greenwich Hospital, chartered by King William III and Queen Mary II on 25 October 1694, designed by Christopher Wren, and built between 1696 and 1712. The hospital closed in 1869. Between 1873 and 1998 it was the Royal Naval College, Greenwich.
Origins of the site
This was originally the site of Bella Court, built by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, and subsequently renamed Palace of Placentia by Margaret of Anjou upon its confiscation. Rebuilt by Henry VII, it was thenceforth more commonly known as Greenwich Palace. As such, it was the birthplace of Tudor monarchs Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, and reputedly the favourite palace of Henry VIII. The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War. With the exception of the incomplete John Webb building, the palace was finally demolished in 1694.
Greenwich Hospital
In 1692 the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich was created on the site on the instructions of Mary II, who had been inspired by the sight of wounded sailors returning from the Battle of La Hogue. Architectural highlights included the Chapel and the Painted Hall. The Painted Hall was painted between 1707 and 1726 by Sir James Thornhill. The hospital closed in 1869 and the remains of thousands of sailors and officers were removed from the hospital site in 1875 and reinterred in East Greenwich Pleasaunce or "Pleasaunce Park".
Royal Naval College, Greenwich
In 1873, four years after the hospital closed, the buildings were converted to a training establishment for the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy finally left the College in 1998 when the site passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College.
Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College
Since 1998, the site has had new life breathed into it through a mix of new uses and activities and a revival of the historic old site under the management and control of the Greenwich Foundation. The buildings are Grade I listed. In 1999 some parts of Queen Mary and King William, and the whole of Queen Anne and the Dreadnought Building were leased for 150 years by the University of Greenwich. In 2000 Trinity College of Music leased the major part of King Charles. This created a unique new educational and cultural mix.
In 2002, the Foundation realised its aim of opening up the whole site to visitors. It opened the Painted Hall, the Chapel and the grounds and a Visitor Centre to the public daily, free of charge, with guided tours available. The Old Royal Naval College became open to students and visitors of all ages and nationalities accompanied often by music wafting from Trinity College. As Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote in 1863, "the people are sooner or later the legitimate inheritors of whatever beauty kings and queens create".
In 2005, the room where Nelson's coffin was held prior to his being laid-in-state was opened as the Nelson Room. The little side room contains a statue of Nelson replicating the one in Trafalgar Square, memorabilia, paintings and information. It can be seen on one of the guided tours that also include a visit to the undercrofts, the old skittle alley and crypt. A service is held in the chapel every Sunday at 11 am which is open to all. Public concerts are regularly held here and a wide variety of business and cultural events are held in the Painted Hall. The area is used by visitors, students, local people and film crews in a traffic-free environment that provides a variety of coffee shops, bars and restaurants, all incorporated within the old buildings, as part of a unique "ancient and modern" blend that support 21st century life in Greenwich.
The Old Royal Naval College and the "Maritime Greenwich" World Heritage site are becoming focal points for a wide range of business and community activities. Trinity College of Music provide a wide range of musicians and ensembles on a subsidised commercial basis to play at events throughout East London and beyond, part of their business and community “out-reach” policy encouraged and part-funded by the Higher Education Funding Council.
The site is regularly used for filming television programmes, television advertisements, and feature films. Productions have included The Bounty, where captain William Bligh portrayed by Anthony Hopkins is brought in a Chariot at the start of the film, and judged during subsequent scenes. Patriot Games, where an attack on a fictional royal family member, Lord Holmes, was filmed, as well as Shanghai Knights, and a 2006 television advertisement campaign for the British food and clothing retailer Marks & Spencer. Other films include Four Weddings and a Funeral, The Madness of King George, The Mummy Returns, The Avengers (1998) and Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001).
More recent filming has included BBC television's spy-drama Spooks and the dramatisation of Little Dorrit, David Cronenberg's film Eastern Promises, the film adaptation of Philip Pullman's novel Northern Lights and The Wolf Man (2009). The grounds were used extensively during the filming of 2006's Amazing Grace, and 2011's Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, Now You See Me 2 and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. Scenes were shot at the grounds for The King's Speech, where the site doubled for Buckingham Palace, and The Dark Knight Rises, where it doubled for a cafe in the film's final scenes. In April 2012 the site was used for the iconic barricade scenes in the film adaption of the musical Les Miserables. In October 2012 the college was used for filming Thor: The Dark World. In October 2013 the college was used as a set for The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. Also Guy Richie's 2005 film Revolver filmed a scene there.
Painted Hall project
In 2014, the Old Royal Naval College announced that it was embarking on the next stage of its ambitious plans to restore the Painted Hall. Over three years 3,700 m2 of Thornhill’s masterpiece was to be conserved. The conservation project focused on the Lower Hall (the Upper Hall having been conserved in 2013). The project included a unique series of public 'ceiling tours' allowing members of the public to get up close to the painted ceiling and see conservators at work. In March 2019, the hall reopened to the public, the project winning awards.
Gallery
See also
Greenwich Hospital Act
Discover Greenwich Visitor Centre on the Old Royal Naval College site
References
External links
University of Greenwich
Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance – Music Faculty
Greenwich World Heritage Site
Photos from the conversion
1998 disestablishments in England
Buildings by Colen Campbell
Christopher Wren church buildings in London
Christopher Wren buildings in London
Cultural and educational buildings in London
Defunct universities and colleges in London
Educational institutions disestablished in 1998
English Baroque architecture
Grade I listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Grade I listed hospital buildings
History of the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Infrastructure completed in 1705
Infrastructure completed in 1742
Military history of London
Naval museums in London
Military-related organizations
Museums in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Nicholas Hawksmoor buildings
Royal buildings in London
Royal Naval College, Greenwich
University of Greenwich
1705 establishments in England
Maritime Greenwich |
64230971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pita%20Limjaroenrat | Pita Limjaroenrat | Pita Limjaroenrat (, , ; born 5 September 1980), nicknamed Tim (), is a Thai politician and businessman. A member of the House of Representatives, Pita served as the leader of the Move Forward Party, the de facto successor to the dissolved Future Forward Party, from 14 March 2020 to 15 September 2023.
Pita led Move Forward to become the largest party in the 2023 general election, winning 151 seats. Forming a coalition with fellow pro-democracy parties, he announced plans to be elected prime minister of Thailand. In the first round of parliamentary voting on 13 July 2023, he was not elected by the Senate of Thailand. Later on 19 July, he was suspended from being a MP by the Constitutional Court, over shares of defunct broadcaster ITV. Pita's second nomination on the same day was blocked by the National Assembly. The Move Forward Party ultimately joined the opposition following a dispute with their initial collation member the Pheu Thai party. Pita remains under suspension, and is unable to stand for PM. Pita resigned as leader of Move Forward in September 2023. He was succeeded by Chaithawat Tulathon.
Early life and education
Pita was born on 5 September 1980, the eldest son of Pongsak Limjaroenrat, a former adviser to the Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives, and Linda Limjaroenrat. He is the nephew of Padung Limjaroenrat, a former secretary to the Interior Minister and a close aide of then-Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.
Pita attended the Bangkok Christian College before being sent to Hamilton, New Zealand, by his father at the age of 11. There he lived with a middle-class host family, doing part-time jobs such as delivering newspapers and milk to earn money. His interest in politics developed while watching the limited amount of television channels in Hamilton, which were either Australian soap operas or parliamentary debates. Due to his dislike of Australian soap operas, he began to listen to speeches given by then-Prime Minister of New Zealand Jim Bolger.
After graduating from secondary school in New Zealand, Pita went back to Thailand and pursued a bachelor's degree in finance from the Faculty of Commerce and Accountancy in Thammasat University where he graduated in 2002 with first-class honors and got a scholarship to study at the University of Texas at Austin. While in Austin, Pita observed the 2000 U.S. presidential election, which he says impacted his views on politics. He later received an international student scholarship from Harvard University, becoming the first Thai student to do so. Pita joined then-Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra in New York City for a meeting of the UN General Assembly in September 2006, as a member of a panel under Somkid Jatusripitak, Thaksin's economic advisor. Thaksin never made his speech, as a coup would be declared by the military back in Thailand on 19 September, forcing him to leave for London. Thaksin had written Pita's Harvard recommendation letter. Upon his return to Thailand after the coup, Pita missed part of his father's funeral after being temporarily detained. He later completed a joint Master in Public Administration degree in the John F. Kennedy School of Government of Harvard University and a Master of Business Administration degree in the Sloan School of Management of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2011.
Business career
At the age of 25, Pita returned to Thailand to take over as managing director of CEO Agrifood, a rice bran oil business run by his family, after the death of his father. The company was able to regain its foothold two years after and allowed Pita to return to the United States where he finished his master's degree in 2011.
He also served as the executive director of Grab Thailand from 2017 to 2018.
Political career
Member of the House of Representatives
Pita initially joined as a member of Future Forward Party (, ). Upon the invitation of party leader Thanathorn Juangroongruangkit, he accepted the offer to become a candidate in the 2019 Thai general election and won a seat in the House of Representatives as the fourth party-list representative for his party.
In July 2019, he delivered a speech in the House of Representatives where he discussed about the "Five-Button Theory" which called on the government to focus on the following agricultural policies: land ownership, farmers' debts, cannabis, agro-tourism, and water resources. Despite belonging to another party, his speech was praised by Interior Minister Anupong Paochinda.
Two weeks after the dissolution of his party by the Constitutional Court on 21 February 2020, he was named as the new leader of the newly formed Move Forward Party (, ), where he was joined by 54 other members of parliament (MPs) from the disbanded party, and was formally elected on 14 March 2020.
2023 general election
Pita led the Move Forward Party into the 2023 general election, in which they won the largest number of seats (151). Many observers considered the win to be an upset, as the Pheu Thai party was believed to be the frontrunner. On 15 May 2023, he declared that he was ready to become prime minister after his party received the most votes, and invited the Pheu Thai Party and a number of smaller parties to form a coalition government. Pita and his coalition partners held a press conference to on 22 May, emphasizing issues such as drafting a new constitution through members of the Constituent Assembly, military reforms, voluntary conscription, same-sex marriage, and the decentralization of the economy among other issues. Pita later stated that he utilized campaign strategies inspired by Barack Obama's 2008 US presidential election campaign. Despite securing a majority in the House with coalition partners, Pita required the votes of MPs and unelected senators previously appointed by the military junta combined in order to be elected Prime Minister.
On 9 June, the Election Commission (EC) threw out three complaints against Pita for his ownership of television broadcaster iTV, a unit of Shin Corporation, formerly owned by exiled former Thai PM Thaksin Shinawatra. The constitution forbids a media organisation shareholder from running in a general election. The commission instead began a criminal case into whether Pita ran for office knowing that he was ineligible, a breach of Section 42(3) and Section 151 of the organic law on the election of MPs. According to Pita, he inherited the shares from the estate of his father. iTV ceased broadcasting in 2007, and was delisted from the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 2014. It had not generated media-related income in years, with the exception of small amounts from a subsidiary that rented broadcasting equipment. He was among the 500 MPs endorsed by the EC on 19 June, although the commission's investigation of him continued. On 27 June, Pita said he had "enough" support from the military-appointed Senate to be elected Prime Minister.
Attempts to form a government
Following the general election and subsequent coalition announcement, the House of Representatives held its first session on 5 July to select a Speaker, Wan Muhamad Noor Matha, founder of the coalition-member party, the Prachachat Party. In the days preceding the premiership vote, Pita and the MFP party held rallies with supporters in Bangkok. Pita appealed to the assembly to support his government, in accordance with the mandate granted by the people in the general election.
On 12 July, the Constitutional Court said it had accepted a complaint against Pita and the Move Forward Party by the Election Commission, that said its plan to reform lèse-majesté laws amounted to an attempt to "overthrow the democratic regime of government with the king as a head of state". The Commission referred Pita for disqualification as an MP; Pita called the process unfair, and said he wasn't allowed to defend himself before the decision. The day before the parliamentary vote, Pita warned assembly members that there would be a "high price" if his premiership was denied.
On 13 July the National Assembly convened to elect a new Prime Minister. Initially nominated by Pheu Thai leader Dr. Chonlanan Srikaew, Pita was the only member of the assembly to be put forward. Despite securing a majority-coalition in the lower house, Pita was unable to win enough votes from the assembly in the first ballot, particularly the 250 members of the Senate, appointed by the National Council for Peace and Order in May 2019, to become the country's next prime minister. 324 members of the National Assembly voted to approve Pita's premiership (311 of which were MPs and 13 of which were junta-appointed senators), 182 disapproved and 199 abstained. Of the 705 votes, Pita fell 51 votes short of a majority, as he required 375 votes in order to be appointed Prime Minister. Subsequent protests occurred in the evening following the vote; the voting system was criticized for being undemocratic, and contradictory to the mandate given by the people. The failure of the National Assembly to produce a Prime Minister led to Thai stocks underperforming. The newspaper Khaosod described the vote as a 'trap set in advance.' Despite this, Pita said he would still pursue the role of prime minister, and would not back down on his promise to reform the lèse-majesté law.
Protests continued, with many demanding that the senators resign. On July 15, Pita announced his coalition had agreed to put his name forward for the next round of voting, but also said he was ready to allow a member of the Pheu Thai party to be nominated if his second bid were to be unsuccessful, or if he would be unable to gain significantly more votes than the previous ballot. On 19 July the National Assembly convened to elect a new Prime Minister for a second time following the general election. On the same day, the Constitutional Court unamimously voted to accept a case against Pita regarding his inherited shares of the defunct iTV. They also voted 7–2 to suspend him from MP duty until it reached a ruling, but it not preclude him from being nominated for prime minister. During the assembly proceedings, Pita announced he would acknowledge the decision, and left the chamber. In the subsequent debate, the National Assembly voted against considering him for another round of voting for Prime Minister. Pita was nominated by Pheu Thai MP Suthin Klangsaeng, but the proposal was argued to have been against a parliamentary rule prohibiting a repeat motion. In the voting for his renomination, 312 voters supported, 394 rejected—most of which were senators—eight abstained and one (Pita) did not vote.
Suspension and resignation
In accordance with the vote in the assembly, Pita cannot stand for Prime Minister until a new session after the next general election. Despite being the largest party in the opposition Pita stated he did not have intentions to assume the role as leader of the opposition. Pita’s reasoning was that he intended to become prime minister and that the PM position was simply a role to expand Thai democracy. Pita remained under suspension as an MP, but initially signaled his support for a Pheu Thai party PM candidate. On 2 August 2023, Move Forward and Pheu Thai split, as Pheu Thai pulled out of the original coalition to form one of their own. The Pheu Thai party pulled back on their election pledge to not join with pro-junta parties, and the Move Forward party refused to rescind their own election pledge to reform the Lèse-majesté law.On 22 August, Pheu Thai candidate Srettha Thavisin won the 2nd prime ministership election in the National Assembly of Thailand. All present (149) MFP members voted against Thavisin's bid for Prime Minister. Following Srettha's election as prime minister, Pita gave him a congratulatory phone call.
On 20 August 2023, Pita began campaigning for the Move Forward party in the run-up to the by-election in Constituency 3 of Rayong Province, which was contested by the Move Forward, Democrat and Nation Building Labour party, following the resignation of the Move Forward MP elected there. MFP's candidate, Pongsathorn Sornpetnarin, won the election on 10 September.
On 15 September 2023, Pita announced his resignation as Leader of the Move Forward Party. He cited his inability to perform duties in the House, pending a ruling regarding his suspension status as an MP in the Constitutional Court, hindering his ability to become the Leader of the Opposition. In his announcement, Pita stressed the importance of the position of Leader of the Opposition, and said it must provide "checks and balance" to the government. He reiterated he would remain active in Thai politics and the party, regardless of his role. Pita said that Move Forward would select a new leader to replace him on 23 September, who would lead the party and the opposition in the House of Representatives. He was replaced by Secretary-General Chaithawat Tulathon as party leader. Chaithawat said his leadership was part of "temporary restructure", and said he would be "willing to step down once Pita resumes the position as an MP in the parliament again".
Political positions
Pita has been described as a progressive by the standards of Thai politics. His Move Forward Party, which he has led since 2020, has been referred to as center-left and progressive.
Pita has frequently referred to the years between 2014 and 2023 as "the lost decade" of Thailand, in regards to both economics and democratic backsliding. Pita believes the Thai armed services have too much influence in civilian politics, and has vowed to decrease their influence. Pita also said that Thailand must "demilitarize". Pita has promised that his party would amend the controversial Royal defamation law, which protects the Thai monarchy from public criticism. He has maintained that the Thai royal family should be above politics as "a vital institution of national unity." On economic policy, Pita believes in the demonopolization, and decentralization of the economy. He has said he would liberalize Thailand's liquor industry.
Pita supports the legalization of same-sex marriage and has attended a pride parade in Bangkok. Pita also believes in voluntary conscription for military service.
Pita has centered his foreign policy on his "3Rs", 'Revive, Rebalance, and Recalibrate'. He also stated that Thailand should be more assertive on the global stage and open more dialogue with greater powers, and that democratic values should be the core of Thailand's foreign policy. Pita believes in “rules based world order” when approaching diplomacy, and said the 2014 coup may have isolated Thailand's Western allies, such as the United States. Pita has condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine calling the Thai government's response "two-faced". Pita celebrated Taiwan's National Day celebration at the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in October 2023, despite the lack of government representatives.
In an interview with CNA, Pita said he was inspired by Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore, and has compared politics to a marathon rather than a sprint, saying "I have the stamina to run for a long time." He has also cited U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders as another one of his political role models and owns a copy of the Senator's book "It's OK To Be Angry About Capitalism."
Personal life
Pita married actress Chutima Teepanart on 12 December 2012. The couple divorced in March 2019. Chutima publicly alleged that Pita had been controlling and abusing her during their marriage. Women's rights and pro-democracy activists called for Pita to respond to the allegations. Chutima filed a lawsuit against Pita alleging bodily abuse, but it was dismissed as false by the family court. Afterwards, she said, "Violence may not have been an issue, but he did harm me psychologically." She has since downplayed the allegations and expressed support for his political ambitions. They have one daughter.
Pita enjoys rock music, particularly bands such as Coldplay, Metallica, and Radiohead among others.
In addition to his native Thai, Pita speaks English.
In 2008, he was named as one of CLEO Thailands "50 Most Eligible Bachelors". In the aftermath of the 2023 Thai general elections, Pita was named as "TIME100 NEXT" by Time magazine. He is the only Thai who has been selected on the list in 2023. He attended the TIME 100 Next gala night in New York on 24 October.
On a trip to the United States in late October, he went back to Harvard University where he received a master's degree and lectured about Thailand and ASEAN at Harvard Asia Center.
Notes
References
External links
Pita Limjaroenrat on National Assembly of Thailand HRIS website
Pita Limjaroenrat
Pita Limjaroenrat
Pita Limjaroenrat
Pita Limjaroenrat
Pita Limjaroenrat
Pita Limjaroenrat
Pita Limjaroenrat
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
1980 births
Living people
Pita Limjaroenrat
Thai expatriates in New Zealand
Thai expatriates in the United States |
63342839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tale%20about%20the%20Painter%20in%20Love | The Tale about the Painter in Love | The Tale about the Painter in Love () is a 1987 Soviet drama film directed by Nadezhda Kosheverova.
Plot
The film tells about the young and cheerful painter Makar, who was invited to the king's palace. There he met a beautiful princess, whom he immediately fell in love with, but he was expelled from the palace. Makar has to go through many trials before realizing that the one he saw in the palace is not a beautiful princess at all, but an ugly maid.
Cast
Nikolay Stotskiy
Nina Urgant
Olga Volkova
Valeriy Ivchenko
Yekaterina Golubeva
Dmitriy Iosifov
Aleksandr Grave
Sergey Filippov
Georgiy Shtil
Mariya Barabanova
References
External links
1987 films
1980s Russian-language films
Soviet drama films
1987 drama films
Films based on fairy tales
Films directed by Nadezhda Kosheverova |
18572978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emillio%20Kathuli | Emillio Kathuli | Emillio Kathuli is a Kenyan politician. He belongs to the Democratic Party and was elected to represent the Manyatta Constituency in the National Assembly of Kenya since the 2007 Kenyan parliamentary election.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Democratic Party (Kenya) politicians
Members of the National Assembly (Kenya) |
3125237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anidulafungin | Anidulafungin | Anidulafungin (INN) (trade names Eraxis, Ecalta) is a semisynthetic echinocandin used as an antifungal drug. It was previously known as LY303366. It may also have application in treating invasive Aspergillus infection when used in combination with voriconazole. It is a member of the class of antifungal drugs known as the echinocandins; its mechanism of action is by inhibition of (1→3)-β-D-glucan synthase, an enzyme important to the synthesis of the fungal cell wall.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Indications
Candidemia and other forms of invasive Candida infections (intra-abdominal abscess and peritonitis)
Esophageal candidiasis
Anidulafungin has not been studied in endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and meningitis due to Candida, and has not been studied in sufficient numbers of neutropenic patients to determine efficacy in this group.
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Anidulafungin significantly differs from other antifungals in that it undergoes chemical degradation to inactive forms at body pH and temperature. Because it does not rely on enzymatic degradation or hepatic or renal excretion, the drug is safe to use in patients with any degree of hepatic or renal impairment.
Volume of distribution: 30–50 L.
Anidulafungin is not evidently metabolized by the liver. This specific drug undergoes slow chemical hydrolysis to an open-ring peptide which lacks antifungal activity. The half-life of the drug is 27 hours. About 30% is excreted in the feces (10% as unchanged drug). Less than 1% is excreted in the urine.
Mechanism of action
Anidulafungin inhibits glucan synthase, an enzyme important in the formation of (1→3)-β-D-glucan, a major fungal cell wall component. Glucan synthase is not present in mammalian cells, so it is an attractive target for antifungal activity.
Semisynthesis
Anidulafungin is manufactured via semi-synthesis. The starting material is echinocandin B (a lipopeptide fermentation product of Aspergillus nidulans or the closely related species, A. rugulosus), which undergoes deacylation (cleavage of the linoleoyl side chain) by the action of a deacylase enzyme from the bacterium Actinoplanes utahensis; in three subsequent synthetic steps, including a chemical reacylation, the antifungal drug anidulafungin is synthesized.
History
Anidulafungin was originally discovered at Lilly laboratories by Turner and Debono and licensed to Vicuron Pharmaceuticals who submitted it to the FDA. Pfizer acquired the drug upon its acquisition of Vicuron in the fall of 2005. Pfizer gained approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on February 21, 2006.
References
Antifungals
Echinocandins
Pfizer brands
World Health Organization essential medicines |
3936759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADkurfr%C3%A9ttir | Víkurfréttir | Víkurfréttir is the main newspaper of the Icelandic town of Keflavík.
The newspaper was founded in Southern Peninsula in August 1980. In 1983, it was bought by the current owner, Páll Ketilsson. It is a weekly but was for a while published twice a week.
References
External links
Víkurfréttir website
Weekly newspapers published in Iceland
Newspapers established in 1980
1980 establishments in Iceland
Mass media in Keflavík |
13893275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan%20Lal%C3%ADn | Allan Lalín | Allan Moisés Lalín Pérez (born January 5, 1981) is a Honduran footballer who plays for Platense F.C. in the Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras as a forward.
Club career
The tall striker made his senior debut for Honduras Salzburg in March 2003 against Victoria, then played for Victoria before experiencing relegation with Atlético Olanchano in 2005. He went on trial with Wisła Kraków, then champions of the Polish League, but failed to impress and returned to Honduras, where he eventually went on to play with Real España. He left Real España in July 2009, to play for Khazar Lankaran in the Azerbaijan Premier League. Lalín had his contract with Khazar Lankaran cancelled halfway through the 2010–11, citing "unsatisfactory performance". He signed for Real Espana again in July 2011, after being left out of the Khazar squad for six months by the new coach. In January 2012 he was set to move abroad again to join Chinese second division side Hunan Billows on loan to play alongside compatriots Emil Martínez, Erick Norales and Astor Henríquez. He was however not given a contract after a 15-days trial and returned to Real España. In January 2013 Lalín joined Football League side Niki Volou after his contract with Real España was not extended.
In August 2013 Lalin joined Cypriot First Division side Nea Salamis.
In January 2014 Lalin joined Football League (Greece) side Paniliakos F.C.
International career
Lalín made his debut for Honduras in an August 2006 friendly match against Venezuela and has, as of January 2013, earned a total of 14 caps, scoring 2 goals. He has represented his country at the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cups. and helped his team progress to the Quarter-Finals by providing two crucial assists in the match against Grenada, which Honduras won by 4–0.
Career statistics
Club
International goals
|}
Personal life
Colorado Rapids footballer Hendry Thomas is his cousin.
References
External links
Profile - Diez
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Tegucigalpa
Men's association football forwards
Honduran men's footballers
Honduras men's international footballers
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
C.D. Victoria players
Atlético Olanchano players
Real C.D. España players
Khazar Lankaran FK players
Niki Volos F.C. players
Nea Salamis Famagusta FC players
Paniliakos F.C. players
Honduran expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Azerbaijan
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional de Honduras players
Azerbaijan Premier League players
Cypriot First Division players
Football League (Greece) players |
7277425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic%20Light | Fantastic Light | Fantastic Light (foaled February 13, 1996) is a retired Thoroughbred racehorse and pensioned sire. He was foaled in the United States but was trained in England and Dubai during his racing career, which ran from August 1998 to his retirement following the Breeders' Cup Turf in October 2001. He raced in seven countries, winning Group One/Grade I races in five of them and was a dual winner of the Emirates World Series Racing Championship. He was named United States Champion Male Turf Horse, European Horse of the Year and European Champion Older Horse in 2001. He was also well known for his two races against the 2001 Epsom Derby winner Galileo. In August 2012 it was announced that he had been pensioned from stallion duty while in Japan and would return to Dalham Hall in England to live out his days as a pensioner.
In his early racing career, when trained by Michael Stoute, he won the Sandown Classic Trial, the Great Voltigeur Stakes, the Arc Trial and the Dubai Sheema Classic. In 2000 after his transfer to Godolphin he won the Man o' War Stakes and the Hong Kong Cup. In his championship season in 2001 Fantastic Light won four of his six races; the Tattersalls Gold Cup, the Prince of Wales's Stakes, the Irish Champion Stakes and the Breeders' Cup Turf.
Background
Fantastic Light, a bay horse with an irregular white blaze and three white feet, was bred in Kentucky by Maktoum Al Maktoum's Gainsborough Stud.
His sire, Rahy (1985–2011), sired the winners of over three hundred races, including more than thirty at Group One/Grade I level. Apart from Fantastic Light, his best progeny have included Noverre, Serena's Song and Hawksley Hill. Fantastic Light's dam, Jood, a daughter of Nijinsky, failed to win a race, but came from a good family, being closely related to Swain.
Until early 2000, Fantastic Light raced in the colours of Maktoum Al Maktoum and was trained by Michael Stoute at Newmarket, Suffolk. His ownership was then transferred to Godolphin Racing, and he was trained from that point on by Saeed bin Suroor.
Racing career
1998: two-year-old season
Fantastic Light never ran in a maiden race, instead making his debut against more experienced colts in a minor stakes race at Sandown in August 1998. He started slowly and showed his inexperience ("ran green") before taking the lead in the closing stages and winning by one and three quarter lengths from Sicnee, with the future Diadem Stakes winner, Sampower Star in third. He followed up in a similar event at the same course three weeks later, beating Aesops by three quarters of a length after leading close to the finish. This performance attracted some attention, with one commentator identifying him as "a promising young stayer". On his last start of the year he was moved up to Listed class, and finished last of the three starters in the Stardom Stakes at Goodwood.
1999: three-year-old season
Fantastic Light began his three-year-old season with his first Group race win in the Sandown Classic Trial. Ridden by Daryll Holland, he took the lead a furlong out and was eased in the closing stages to win by a short head. Speculation that he might develop into a Derby contender ended in his next race, when he was stepped up to one and a half miles for the first time and finished fourth of the five runners in the Lingfield Derby Trial.
Fantastic Light was brought back to a mile and a quarter, and produced placed efforts on his next two starts. At Royal Ascot in June, he was beaten a head by Lear Spear in the Prince of Wales's Stakes (then a Group Two race), and at Sandown three weeks later he finished third, beaten a neck and half a length behind Compton Admiral and Xaar in the Group One Eclipse Stakes.
In August Fantastic Light recorded his first win at Group Two level as he led three furlongs out and ran on to win a strongly contested Great Voltigeur Stakes from Bienamado (Hollywood Turf Cup Stakes, San Juan Capistrano Handicap, Charles Whittingham Memorial Handicap) and the future St Leger winner Mutafaweq. A month later, he won a third important race by holding off the 1998 Epsom Derby winner High-Rise by three quarters of a length in the Listed Arc Trial at Newbury.
On his final start of the season, Fantastic Light was moved up to the highest level for the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe and finished a remote eleventh of the thirteen runners behind Montjeu.
2000: four-year-old season
Fantastic Light's first run of 2000 was also his last for the Stoute stable. He was sent to Dubai for the Sheema Classic, in which he faced a field including runners from Britain, France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand and Argentina. Ridden by Kieren Fallon, he took the lead in the straight ("far too soon" according to his jockey) and went clear to beat the German horse Caitano by three lengths, with High-Rise third. In winning, Fantastic Light broke the Nad Al Sheba track record for one and a half miles by more than a second. Shortly after the race it was announced that Fantastic Light would not return to Michael Stoute, but would be transferred to Sheikh Mohammed's Godolphin Racing team and be trained by Saeed bin Suroor.
Fantastic Light was then returned to England for a summer campaign. In the Coronation Cup at Epsom in June he finished second to Daliapour and then came fifth of the eight runners behind Giant's Causeway in the Eclipse Stakes. He was then sent to Ascot for the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, where he finished second, reversing the Epsom form with Daliapour, but having no chance against the favourite Montjeu.
In Autumn, Godolphin campaigned Fantastic Light in the United States. At Belmont Park in September he started odds-on favourite and won the Man o' War Stakes "comfortably", to record his first Grade I victory. In this race he was ridden by Jerry Bailey, who claimed that he had always had the other runners "at his mercy" despite having to come round the outside of the field. In all his remaining ten starts Fantastic Light was ridden by Frankie Dettori. He disappointed in a return to Belmont for the Turf Classic, finishing fourth to John's Call, a horse he had beaten in the Man o' War.
He then finished to fifth Kalanisi in the Breeders' Cup Turf at Churchill Downs, although in this case he had a legitimate excuse, having been blocked twice when Dettori attempted to find space for a challenge.
For his last two starts of the year, Fantastic Light was sent to East Asia. In November, in the Japan Cup he stayed on strongly in the closing stages to finish a close third, beaten a neck and a nose by T M Opera O and Meisho Doto. Dettori reportedly felt that the slow pace was the reason for his defeat. Despite three successive defeats, Fantastic Light still managed to end the season with a major victory. In December he was sent to Sha Tin for the Hong Kong Cup and justified favouritism by leading in the straight and staying on strongly to beat Greek Dance and Jim and Tonic. The win earned Fantastic Light top place in the Emirates World Series, a competition in which points were awarded for performances in a number of international races.
2001: five-year-old season
Spring
Like a previous Godolphin champion, Daylami, Fantastic Light proved himself to be better than ever as a five-year-old (see Assessment below).
In March he attempted to win a second Sheema Classic and almost succeeded, taking the lead a furlong out, but being caught on the line and beaten a nose by the Japanese outsider Stay Gold. Despite the defeat, his connections announced that they were "delighted" with the performance. As in 2000, Fantastic Light spent the middle of the season racing in Europe. At the end of May he was sent to Ireland where he won the Tattersalls Gold Cup, taking the lead a furlong from the finish and beating Golden Snake by a neck with Kalanisi third. After the race, Godolphin's racing manager, Simon Crisford, said that Fantastic Light would be aimed at the top middle-distance races in Europe, calling him "very special... a fantastic horse".
Summer
Despite this result, Kalanisi was made favourite when the horses met again in the Prince of Wales's Stakes (by this time a Group One race) at Royal Ascot, a contest that was expected to be one of the best of the meeting. Fantastic Light raced behind the leaders before being moved up by Dettori to take the lead in the straight. He soon went clear with what The Daily Telegraph described as a "ruthless display of speed", and although Kalanisi attempted to challenge, Fantastic Light stayed on to win "comfortably" by two and a half lengths. After the race, Sheikh Mohammed talked confidently about a meeting with the unbeaten Derby winner Galileo.
Fantastic Light and Galileo did meet at Ascot in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, for which the Aidan O'Brien-trained three-year-old was sent off the 1/2 favourite ahead of Fantastic Light at 7/2. The race was the subject of considerable advance publicity, and was portrayed as a clash between the two most powerful forces in European racing; Godolphin, represented by Fantastic Light, and Ballydoyle/Coolmore represented by Galileo. As in the Prince of Wales's Stakes, Dettori settled Fantastic Light in the early stages before moving him out to challenge in the straight. Galileo had already taken the lead but Fantastic Light moved up and went level a furlong out. The two horses raced side by side for several strides, but Galileo then pulled ahead to win by two lengths.
Autumn
The second meeting between Fantastic Light and Galileo was scheduled for the Irish Champion Stakes at Leopardstown in September and was highly anticipated. This time Dettori rode Fantastic Light more positively as part of an agreed Godolphin plan, sending him past the Ballydoyle pacemaker to take the lead two furlongs out. Michael Kinane immediately brought Galileo to challenge and the two horses raced alongside each other all the way to the line. Galileo appeared to gain a slight advantage, but Fantastic Light, stayed on strongly under pressure to regain the lead and win by a head in a "thrilling" contest. The British Horseracing Authority described the event as "one of the greatest races witnessed throughout the current decade", whilst readers of the Racing Post placed it seventh (the third highest for a flat race) in their list of the 100 Greatest Races.
For Fantastic Light's final start, he was sent back to America for a second attempt at the Breeders' Cup, held in October 2001 at Belmont Park. It was expected that he would run against Galileo again in the Classic, while Godolphin's Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe winner, Sakhee was aimed for the Breeders' Cup Turf. Shortly before the race, however, the two Godolphin horses switched targets, the rationale apparently being that Sakhee would be better suited by the dirt surface. In the Turf, Dettori placed Fantastic Light just behind the pace as the race was led first by With Anticipation and then by Timboroa. Making his challenge in the straight, Fantastic Light took the lead just over a furlong out and held off the strong late challenge of the St Leger winner Milan to win by three quarters of a length, with the rest of the runners more than five lengths further back. The time of 2:24.36 was a new course record. Summarising Fantastic Light's career, Crisford called him "the ultimate modern-day racehorse."
A projected run in the Japan Cup did not materialise and his retirement was announced shortly afterwards. He had already amassed sufficient points to secure a second Emirates World Series.
Race record
Assessment, honours and awards
From the mid-1990s the International Classification Committee (representing Europe) and the North American Rating Committee drew up an annual International Classification which included all horses who raced in Europe, North America and Japan. These ratings did not include Southern Hemisphere horses and were not therefore, "World" rankings.
In the 2000 International Classification, Fantastic Light was assessed at 124, placing him fourteenth in the ratings (eighth in Europe), ten pounds below Dubai Millennium. In the 2001 International Classification Fantastic Light was assessed at 129 (equal with Galileo ), making him the third highest rated horse behind Sakhee and Point Given.
Fantastic Light was assessed at 134 by Timeform. A rating in excess of 130 is considered the mark of an above average Group One winner.
In 2001 he was named European Champion Older Horse and European Horse of the Year at the Cartier Racing Awards.
In February 2002 Fantastic Light was voted the Eclipse Award for American Champion Male Turf Horse in the Eclipse Awards, beating Val Royal and With Anticipation in the voting.
Stud career
Retired at the end of the 2001 racing season, Fantastic Light stood for the Darley Stud stud at Dalham Hall in Newmarket, England, before being moved to their Japanese base in Hokkaido for the 2007 season.
He has also been shuttled to stand in Australia for the Southern Hemisphere breeding season. During five seasons at stud in Australia he was the sire of 427 live foals that included Mission Critical, who won the group one Waikato Race Club's International Stakes.
He has sired the winners of more than three hundred races including Scintillo, winner of the Winter Derby, the Gran Criterium and the Grand Prix de Chantilly (Group 2). Fantastic Light was then pensioned from stud duties in August 2012.
Pedigree
Although there is no inbreeding visible in the table above, four of the horses in the fourth generation (Narsullah, Hail To Reason, Nearctic and Nangela) are direct descendants of Nearco, who as a result appears twice in the fifth, and twice in the sixth generation of Fantastic Light's extended pedigree.
References
1996 racehorse births
Breeders' Cup Turf winners
Cartier Award winners
Eclipse Award winners
European Thoroughbred Horse of the Year
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in the United Kingdom
Thoroughbred family 14-c |
18535059 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Pullard | Anthony Pullard | Anthony Quinn Pullard (born June 23, 1966) is an American retired professional basketball player born in DeQuincy, Louisiana. He was a 6'10" (2.08 cm) 235 lb (111 kg) forward and played collegiately at McNeese State University from 1985 to 1990. He also attended Odessa Junior College but did not play competitive basketball. He was named Sports Illustrated Player of the Week for March 5, 1990, after averaging 27.7 points and 13.3 rebounds in three wins, highlighted by a 35-point, 18-rebound performance in a 60–54 victory over North Texas on March 3, 1990.
Pullard signed with the Philadelphia 76ers of the NBA but was waived in July 1990. He signed with the Milwaukee Bucks in August, 1992, and played 8 games with them in the 1992-93 season, averaging 2.1 points and 1.0 rebound per contest. He was waived in January, 1993. Days later, he was signed by the Rockford Lightning of the CBA. According to the Canadian-based Latinbasket website, Pullard last played professionally in Ciudad Victoria, Mexico, in 1999.
References
External links
Anthony Pullard NBA stats, basketballreference.com
Anthony Pullard college stats, sportsstats.com
1966 births
Living people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Belgium
American expatriate basketball people in Mexico
American expatriate basketball people in Portugal
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American expatriate basketball people in Uruguay
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Louisiana
CB Girona players
Leuven Bears players
Liga ACB players
McNeese Cowboys basketball players
Milwaukee Bucks players
People from DeQuincy, Louisiana
Power forwards (basketball)
Rockford Lightning players
Undrafted National Basketball Association players
Gigantes de Carolina basketball players |
38523560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordella%20trinotata | Mordella trinotata | Mordella trinotata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae, which is part of the superfamily Tenebrionoidea. It was discovered in 1941.
References
Beetles described in 1941
trinotata |
28356586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wael | Wael | Wa'el, also spelt Wael or Wail, is an ancient Aramaic male given name. The first currently known usage of the name was found and translated at a site called Sumatar Harabesi. There is coinage and inscriptions mentioning a King of Edessa, the "Parthian Wael" and "Wael the king" (Syriac: W'L MLK') on coins around 163AD after the Parthians captured the region from the Romans. The names' usage is pre-Islamic. The name's meaning origin is unknown, however, there are a few different definitions depending on how an ancient text was translated. These known meanings are "clan", "seeking shelter", and "protector". Pronunciation differs based on the varieties of Arabic.
Notable people with the name include:
Wael Abbas, Egyptian blogger
Wael Abdelgawad, American author and martial artist
Wael Al-Dahdouh, Palestinian journalist
Wael Badr, Egyptian basketball player
Wael Ghonim, Egyptian computer engineer, author and activist
Wael Gomaa, Egyptian footballer
Wael Jassar, Lebanese singer
Wael Kfoury, Lebanese singer
Wael Nazha, Lebanese footballer
Wael Riad, Egyptian footballer
Wael Sawan (born 1974), Lebanese-Canadian business executive
Wael Zwaiter, Palestinian translator
Wael bar Sahru king of Edessa, Mesopotamia 163–165 AD
Wail al-Shehri, Saudi al-Qaeda terrorist of American Airlines Flight 11
References
Arabic-language masculine given names
Masculine given names |
16951427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauldwell%2C%20Derbyshire | Cauldwell, Derbyshire | Cauldwell (pronounced "Cordal") is a small village and civil parish in South Derbyshire. Its streets are named Main Street, Church Lane and Sandy Lane. It has a school for children with special needs.
It is 4 miles south east of Burton on Trent and nearby settlements are Linton, Rosliston, Coton Park and Botany Bay.
See also
Listed buildings in Cauldwell, Derbyshire
References
External links
Villages in Derbyshire
Civil parishes in Derbyshire
South Derbyshire District |
50352977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Vaughters | James Vaughters | James Alan Vaughters (born June 27, 1993) is an American football linebacker for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at Stanford. Vaughters was signed by the Green Bay Packers as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He has also been a member of the New England Patriots, San Diego Chargers, Chicago Bears, and Atlanta Falcons.
Early life
Vaughters was born to Jonathan and Vanessa Vaughters in Chicago, Illinois. He is the third of four children: Jahnisa Tate, Jonathan Vaughters, and younger sister Ryan Vaughters. After moving to Ohio in 1996, James and family moved to Stone Mountain, Georgia where he lived the rest of his childhood from 1999-2011.
At Tucker High School in Tucker, Georgia, Vaughters accumulated accolades as a student, as a community mentor, and as an athlete. He graduated in the top 10% of his class with a 4.0 GPA, including a curriculum consisting of several AP classes. He helped Tucker to their first State Championship and two semi-final appearances. He was a top-recruited linebacker according to all the national recruiting platforms including ESPN, Scout, Rivals, MaxPreps, and PrepStar. As a senior, Vaughters had 95 tackles, 18 tackles for loss, four interceptions (one for touchdown), four sacks, and one fumble recovery (for a touchdown). He earned honors as an Under Armour All-American, 2010 Georgia Class 4A Defensive Player of the Year, DeKalb County All-Class Defensive Player of the Year, two-time Georgia Merit Scholar, two-time President's Education Award recipient, National Beta Club, National Honors Society, and a Franklin D. Watkins Award finalist for the nation’s top African-American scholar-athlete. He also appeared in several national publications including The Wall Street Journal.
College career
At Stanford University, Vaughters earned a degree in political science and played football. He started at outside linebacker for his junior and senior seasons, after contributing as both an inside and outside linebacker for his freshman and sophomore seasons. As a senior, Vaughters had 51 tackles, 11.0 tackles for loss, and 6.5 sacks in 13 games. He was the Defensive MVP of his final college football game in the 2014 Foster Farms Bowl. He played in the 2015 East-West Shrine Game, an annual college football all-star game held by Shriner's Hospital for Children. Vaughters is also a member of Omega Psi Phi and was involved in other student organizations including Men Against Abuse Now (MAAN) and the Stanford PACS (Philanthropy and Civil Society) Community Grants Program.
Professional career
Green Bay Packers
After going undrafted in the 2015 NFL Draft, Vaughters signed with the Green Bay Packers on May 8, 2015. On September 5, 2015, he was released by the Packers during final team cuts. Vaughters was signed to the Packers' practice squad two days later. The team placed him on the practice squad injured list after suffering a torn left distal bicep tendon on September 30, 2015. He was released by the Packers with an injury settlement on October 3, 2015.
New England Patriots
On January 21, 2016, Vaughters signed a future contract with the New England Patriots. He was released by the Patriots on May 2, 2016.
Calgary Stampeders
Vaughters was signed to the Calgary Stampeders' (CFL) practice roster on July 25, 2016.
San Diego Chargers
On August 15, 2016, Vaughters was signed by the San Diego Chargers. He was released by the Chargers during final team cuts on September 3, 2016.
Calgary Stampeders (II)
Vaughters returned to the Stampeders for the next two seasons where he played in 33 games, recording 50 defensive tackles, 11 quarterback sacks, and eight special teams tackles. He won a Grey Cup in his second year as a member of the team.
Chicago Bears
On January 8, 2019, Vaughters signed a reserve/future contract with the Chicago Bears. On August 31, 2019, Vaughters was cut and signed to the practice squad the next day. He was released on September 12, but returned to the practice squad on October 29. He was promoted to the active roster on November 2, and made his NFL debut in that weekend's game against the Philadelphia Eagles. He mostly played on special teams, appearing on nine plays there and four on defense. He was released the next Monday and re-signed to the practice squad. He was promoted back to the active roster on November 9, but waived two days later and re-signed back to the practice squad. He returned to the 53-man roster on November 16 after Trey Burton was placed on injured reserve. He was waived again on November 19 and re-signed to the practice squad. On December 30, 2019, Vaughters was signed to a reserve/future contract. In Week 5 of the 2020 season against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on Thursday Night Football, Vaughters recorded his first career sack on Tom Brady during the 20–19 win. He signed a contract extension with the team on March 3, 2021. On August 31, 2021 Vaughters was released by the Bears.
Atlanta Falcons
On September 3, 2021, Vaughters was signed to the Atlanta Falcons practice squad. On September 11, 2021, Vaughters was elevated to the active roster prior to the Falcons’ first game of the 2021 season versus the Philadelphia Eagles. He was signed to the active roster on November 2, 2021. On May 2, 2022, he was released by the Falcons.
Pittsburgh Steelers
On August 15, 2022, Vaughters signed with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He was waived on August 30.
Calgary Stampeders (III)
On January 25, 2023 Vaughters signed with the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL), with whom he had been a member of one two previous occasions.
References
External links
San Diego Chargers bio
New England Patriots bio
Stanford Cardinals bio
1993 births
Living people
Players of American football from Chicago
Players of Canadian football from Chicago
American football linebackers
Canadian football defensive linemen
American players of Canadian football
Stanford Cardinal football players
New England Patriots players
Calgary Stampeders players
San Diego Chargers players
Green Bay Packers players
Chicago Bears players
DC Defenders players
Atlanta Falcons players
Pittsburgh Steelers players |
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