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plate tectonics is the scientific theory that the rigid outer layers of the earth (crust and part of the upper mantle), the lithosphere, is broken up into around 13 pieces or "plates" that move independently over the weaker asthenosphere. wilson maintained that the hawaiian islands were formed as a tectonic plate (exte...
H
wayne completed his undergraduate studies in botany at the university of massachusetts. he earned an m.a. in biology from the university of california at los angeles, and a ph.d. in plant cell biology from the university of massachusetts in 1985 working under peter k. hepler. he was a post-doc at the university of texa...
B
following the discovery of the worldwide extent of the mid-ocean ridge in the 1950s, geologists faced a new task: explaining how such an enormous geological structure could have formed. in the 1960s, geologists discovered and began to propose mechanisms for seafloor spreading. the discovery of mid-ocean ridges and the ...
A
a year after being hired as a researcher, peggie accepted an opportunity to continue her studies at the imperial college london with a scholarship from the british council. during her time in london, she also completed an internship at the british museum of natural history, now known as the natural history museum, lond...
D
in 2014, séralini et al. published a study claiming that pesticides were more toxic than regulatory bodies had previously thought. the study prompted ralf reski, one of the editors of biomed research international, the journal in which it was published, to resign. reski said, "i do not want to be connected to a journal...
D
neitz grew up in montana. he attended san jose state university for his undergraduate, finishing with a ba in psychology and physics in 1979. he went on to receive his phd at the university of california, santa barbara in 1986 under the direction of gerald jacobs. his thesis title was variations in color matching among...
C
for older pupils and for college students, batteries serve to illustrate the principles of oxidation-reduction reactions. students can discover that two identical electrodes yield no voltage and that different pairs of metals (beyond copper and zinc) yield different voltages. the voltages and currents from series and p...
C
where γ s l {\displaystyle \gamma _{\mathrm {sl} }} is the interfacial tension between the solid and the liquid, γ l g {\displaystyle \gamma _{\mathrm {lg} }} is the interfacial tension between the liquid and the vapor, and γ s g {\displaystyle \gamma _{\mathrm {sg} }} is the interfacial tension between the solid and t...
B
between 1998 and 2008, lips was an assistant, and later associate, professor at southern illinois university carbondale. in 2004, her graduate students observed and began documenting a new chytrid outbreak in el copé, panama. in the wake of the outbreak, lips and her colleagues in ecology and environmental conservation...
D
hands-on activities are extremely useful in the learning cycle. after making predictions about the height of mr. tall in paper clips, the measuring tools can be introduced and the students can test their strategies. for the student using a constant difference relation, actual measurement will show that mr. tall is actu...
D
decomposition and nutrient cycling are fundamental to ecosystem biomass production. most natural ecosystems are nitrogen (n) limited and biomass production is closely correlated with n turnover. typically external input of nutrients is very low and efficient recycling of nutrients maintains productivity. decomposition ...
A
the last area is the school of professional services. the two remaining shops to conclude this series are auto mechanics technology and culinary arts. here the students will learn the maintenance and basic repair of vehicles and grow accustomed to the work space of a busy restaurant environment. the mathematics sectio...
D
benoit-bird's research uses acoustical tools to study the interactions between predators and their prey in marine environments. key linkages characterized in the lab's research include simultaneous tracking of predator-prey pairs such as northern fur seals and their prey juvenile pollock, spinner dolphins and micronekt...
C
parks has taught classes in fundamental physics, atoms and waves (introductory course for physics & astronomy majors), mathematical methods for physics, introduction to quantum mechanics and special relativity, electromagnetism, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and solid state physics. she h...
B
as another example of the power of this approach, if an academic journal only accepts papers with p-values less than 0.05, then roughly 1 in 20 independent studies of the same effect would find a significant result when there was none. however, if the journal required a minimum sample size of 100 and a maximum signific...
B
some researchers have suggested that studying avian cognition might allow a useful artificial intelligence to be built without requiring as much resources, as for some applications a parrot or corvid level complexity brain would be adequate such as for image sorting. in recent years it was found that pigeons could sort...
C
sleeping in space is part of space medicine and mission planning, with impacts on the health, capabilities and morale of astronauts. human spaceflight often requires astronaut crews to endure long periods without rest. studies have shown that lack of sleep can cause fatigue that leads to errors while performing critica...
B
serial and parallel manipulator systems are generally designed to position an end-effector with six degrees of freedom, consisting of three in translation and three in orientation. this provides a direct relationship between actuator positions and the configuration of the manipulator defined by its forward and inverse ...
A
in humans, symptoms caused by l. interrogans are biphasic, icteric, or anicteric. the icteric form is also known as weil's disease. it has been shown in studies that l. interrogans may damage the endothelial cell lining of various vessels and organs, allowing them to leak and further spread the bacteria to other parts ...
G
leonardo da vinci (1452–1519) was trained in anatomy by andrea del verrocchio. in 1489 leonardo began a series of anatomical drawings depicting the ideal human form. this work was carried out intermittently for over two decades. during this time he made use of his anatomical knowledge in his artwork, making many sketch...
D
carnegie learning curriculum is an example of emphasis on multiple representations and use of computer tools. more specifically, carnegie learning focuses the student not only on solving the real life scenarios presented in the text, but also promotes literacy through sentence writing and explanations of student thinki...
B
hands-on activities are extremely useful in the learning cycle. after making predictions about the height of mr. tall in paper clips, the measuring tools can be introduced and the students can test their strategies. for the student using a constant difference relation, actual measurement will show that mr. tall is actu...
B
for the last 30 years, horses have been described as being incapable of demonstrating social learning (baer et al. 1983.; baker and crawford 1986; clarke et al. 1996; lindberg et al. 1999) because the social complexity of horses was underestimated and the experimental designs were therefore not suitably constructed. in...
B
young was revered as a master educator and mentor. he devoted his entire priestley medal address to issues of chemical education, given increasing pressures from post- world war ii research enterprise expansion, increased student enrollment in the sciences, and the rapid adoption of newer analytical instrumentation – n...
C
comparison of the different visualization tools created by each student is an excellent example of multiple representations. further, the instructor may glean from these examples elements which they incorporate into their grading rubric. in this way, it is the students that provide the examples and standards against wh...
D
after high-school, he went to michigan state university, where he received a b.sc. in 1959, majoring in geology. from there he went to harvard university where he studied biology and palaeontology under alfred sherwood romer for his m.a. (1961) and ph.d. degrees (1963); carroll was romer's last student. his doctoral th...
D
another common type of retroreflector consists of refracting optical elements with a reflective surface, arranged so that the focal surface of the refractive element coincides with the reflective surface, typically a transparent sphere and (optionally) a spherical mirror. in the paraxial approximation, this effect can ...
A
often, 3-2 programs advertise that students get a more robust education. traditional engineering majors cannot take as many classes in the humanities because they follow strict course sequences to graduate on time. 3-2 students get the technical training at the partner school as well as a myriad of quintessential liber...
G
some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has mechanical properties very similar to those of some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can a...
B
steven amstrup was born in fargo, north dakota, where he took an interest in bears at an early age. he attended the university of washington as an undergraduate, receiving his bachelor's degree in forestry in 1972. in 1975, he graduated from the university of idaho with a master's degree in wildlife management. he stud...
D
chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants; it is a porphyrin that absorbs red and blue wavelengths of light while reflecting green. it is the presence and relative abundance of chlorophyll that gives plants their green color. all land plants and green algae possess two forms of this pigment: chlorophyll a and chloro...
C
the conception of racial identity has been historically fluid in latin america, especially during the colonial period. racial classification still varies among countries, and is mostly based on the appearance of skin color without regard to one's ancestry. in the dominican republic, about half of those with the darkest...
B
several studies asked whether learning takes place during practice sessions or in between, for example, during subsequent sleep. the dynamics of learning are hard to evaluate since the directly measured parameter is performance, which is affected by both learning, inducing improvement, and fatigue, which hampers perfor...
C
today, the college awards a bed degree and a teaching certificate in the following subjects: preschool education, elementary and high school education, special education, education for intellectual and developmental disabilities, informal education, open education, and anthroposophical education. it offers master's deg...
A
crustal composition varies, affecting seismic velocities. the upper crust typically contains sedimentary rocks with lower velocities (2.0–5.5 km/s), while the lower crust consists of denser basaltic and gabbroic rocks, leading to higher velocities. most crust in the ocean basins is less than 200 million years old, whi...
B
the great comets of 1843 and 1882, comet ikeya–seki in 1965 and c/2011 w3 (lovejoy) in 2011 were all fragments of the original comet. each of these four was briefly bright enough to be visible in the daytime sky, next to the sun, 1882's comet outshining even the full moon. during the april perihelion passage, the tail...
C
brauer was born in oldenburg. he studied natural sciences at the universities of bonn, berlin and freiburg, obtaining his doctorate in 1895 with a thesis on the ciliate - bursaria truncatella titled bursaria truncatella unter berücksichtigung anderer heterotrichen und der vorticellinen. in 1892 he received his habilita...
E
after graduating from university, stevens moved to washington, d.c., in 1978 and began working as an animal keeper at the national zoo. in 1981, she was promoted to management. she began managing the primate program in 1981 and the giant panda program in 1987. part of her responsibilities included "daily operations, pe...
D
this model is typical for revealing the dynamics of populations. as long as the population of the prey is on the rise, the predators population also rises, since they have enough to eat. but very soon the population of the predators becomes too large so that the hunting exceeds the procreation of the prey. this leads t...
A
the planet's mass has been estimated to be 8.7 times that of jupiter, while its diameter is 1.157 times jupiter's. its small size, despite the bloating of the planet's atmosphere, is caused by the strong gravity of the planet. the planetary atmosphere has indeed the smallest scale height, equal to 26km, among exoplanet...
C
during the 1970s he became interested in the problem of world energy supplies. books on the topic include energy for tomorrow (1975), from a series of lectures at the university of washington, and energy ii: use conservation and supply. he pointed out the possibilities of mining the athabascan tar sands, as well as oil...
B
the seasonal mass exchange between the northern polar cap and southern polar cap exhibits long-wavelength gravity variation with time. long years of continuous observation has found that the determination of even zonal, normalized gravity coefficient c, and odd zonal, normalized gravity coefficient c are crucial for ou...
D
animal trainers and pet owners were applying the principles and practices of operant conditioning long before these ideas were named and studied, and animal training still provides one of the clearest and most convincing examples of operant control. of the concepts and procedures described in this article, a few of the...
H
in 1923, new york university new york state veterinary college was closed down, leaving only the new york state veterinary college of cornell university. the severe diminution of the horse population, due to rapid expansion of the automobile, and before being supplanted by the dog as a pet animal, together with the eno...
B
rosen believed that the contemporary model of physics - which he showed to be based on a cartesian and newtonian formalism suitable for describing a world of mechanisms - was inadequate to explain or describe the behavior of biological systems. rosen argued that the fundamental question " what is life? " cannot be adeq...
B
hands-on activities are extremely useful in the learning cycle. after making predictions about the height of mr. tall in paper clips, the measuring tools can be introduced and the students can test their strategies. for the student using a constant difference relation, actual measurement will show that mr. tall is actu...
B
transdermal drug delivery systems are methods to transport drug therapies across the skin barrier. the skin is the largest organ of the body and its primary aim is to protect the body against chemical, thermal, radiation, and microbial threats. however, it is not completely waterproof, allowing some exchange of gas, he...
C
the mass density (or just "density") of a material is defined as mass per unit volume and is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm). in all three classic states of matter—gas, liquid, or solid—the density varies with a change in temperature or pressure, with gases being the most susceptible to those changes. th...
A
lipids are biomolecules that are made up of glycerol derivatives bonded with fatty acid chains. glycerol is a simple polyol that has a formula of c h (oh). fatty acids are long carbon chains that have a carboxylic acid group at the end. the carbon chains can be either saturated with hydrogen; every carbon bond is occup...
H
much of the research that set the foundation of genetic analysis began in prehistoric times. early humans found that they could practice selective breeding to improve crops and animals. they also identified inherited traits in humans that were eliminated over the years. the many genetic analyses gradually evolved over ...
B
in 1980, buck began postdoctoral research at columbia university under benvenuto pernis (1980–1982). in 1982, she joined the laboratory of richard axel, also at columbia in the institute of cancer research. after reading sol snyder's group research paper at johns hopkins university, buck set out to map the olfactory pr...
A
lebelle and ball researched college students' intervention of peers’ misuse of prescription stimulants. they found previous studies revealing that nearly 65% of misuse of prescription stimulants was first introduced in college. other studies have indicated that prescription stimulants are an acceptable and safe approac...
no
the average maximum temperature during the hottest days of the past 30 years has been 43 degrees celsius. dutch atmospheric chemist johannes lelieveld has projected that temperature maximum's could reach almost 50 degrees celsius under current climate scenarios established by the ipcc. johannes lelieveld further projec...
D
another study worth mentioning for its prevalence in the alternative agriculture literature is that undertaken by bear and toth in 1948 investigating the mineral composition of fruit and vegetables on a range of different soils across the us. indeed, this old study remains so prevalent because of the dearth of literatu...
F
in their early years martin and his elder brother received lessons at home in carpentry (p 498 of) and manual skills became important for him throughout his life. this was for relaxation – he built boats to his own designs (p 498 of) – and professionally. in his wartime radar work (), his post-war radio-telescope build...
A
kruszewski completed his bachelor's degree in computer science at the university of alberta. while attending u of a, he was president of the computer science association. after graduating, he went on to obtain an ma and phd in computer science from mcgill university. for graduate school, kruszewski received a natural s...
B
the driving restriction program was initially successful in reducing pollution levels, as carbon monoxide (co) fell by 11%. compliance with the program is near universal. however, as the restriction was made permanent residents began buying second cars to get around the ban, usually used and old polluting cars. a 2008 ...
C
apart from electromagnetics and network theory, other items in the syllabus are particular to electronic engineering courses. electrical engineering courses have other specialisms such as machines, power generation, and distribution. this list does not include the extensive engineering mathematics curriculum that is a ...
B
comparison of the different visualization tools created by each student is an excellent example of multiple representations. further, the instructor may glean from these examples elements which they incorporate into their grading rubric. in this way, it is the students that provide the examples and standards against wh...
A
in fall of 1956, sammet taught one of the earliest graduate-level courses in computer programming in the applied mathematics department of adelphi college (now university) on long island. despite the fact that adelphi did not have a computer and few textbooks on programming existed at the time, sammet was able to instr...
C
at some point, hill recognized that the next logical step in his pursuit of geological knowledge was to attend university and obtain a proper education. through his newspaper connections, hill found acceptance at cornell university, which allowed students to take a light course load and work their way through school. i...
B
early in his life, catmull found inspiration in disney movies, including peter pan and pinocchio, and wanted to be an animator; however, after finishing high school, he had no idea how to get there as there were no animation schools around that time. because he also liked math and physics, he chose a scientific career ...
C
in the 1960s, rosenblatt experimentally demonstrated that learning in newly born animals occurred earlier than had been thought possible (see rosenblatt, turkewitz, and schneirla, 1969). his early work with kittens showed that early learning in neonates initially involved single sensory modalities such as tactile, ther...
C
the implications of these studies are twofold: they reaffirm the importance of attire as a component of nonverbal communication within educational settings, and they highlight the potential for teacher attire to align with institutional norms and expectations to enhance educational outcomes. while the preference for fo...
C
the first indications that a ridge bisects the atlantic ocean basin came from the results of the british challenger expedition in the nineteenth century. soundings from lines dropped to the seafloor were analyzed by oceanographers matthew fontaine maury and charles wyville thomson and revealed a prominent rise in the s...
D
hands-on activities are extremely useful in the learning cycle. after making predictions about the height of mr. tall in paper clips, the measuring tools can be introduced and the students can test their strategies. for the student using a constant difference relation, actual measurement will show that mr. tall is actu...
D
pcbs are also known to flush from industry and land (aka sludge fields) to contaminate fish, as they have up and down the catawba river in north and south carolina. state authorities have posted fish consumption advisories due to accumulation of pcbs in fish tissue. below onondaga lake, the seneca river is moderately ...
C
originally observing from his home in selsey, west sussex, lawrence moved to thornton in leicestershire in 2019. he writes and illustrates astronomical topics for a number of publications. he has produced the night sky guide for the daily telegraph newspaper for many years. he also acts as a guide on trips to see the a...
B
about 1950, pairman started focusing on teaching mathematics to blind students, learning braille and learning how to make diagrams using her sewing machine and other household items. her daughter margaret later wrote, “geometry was a particular problem, because you really need diagrams. braille is done on paper like th...
D
a related philosophical problem is whether chemistry is the study of substances or reactions. atoms, even in a solid, are in perpetual motion and under the right conditions many chemicals react spontaneously to form new products. a variety of environmental variables contribute to a substance's properties, including tem...
C
permeability is a property of porous materials that is an indication of the ability for fluids (gas or liquid) to flow through them. fluids can more easily flow through a material with high permeability than one with low permeability. the permeability of a medium is related to the porosity, but also to the shapes of th...
B
a petrol engine (gasoline engine in american and canadian english) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as e10 and e85). a petrol engine is an internal combustion engine d...
D
flood achieved a bachelor of science degree at queens university, belfast and a master's degree at linacre college, oxford. he obtained his phd from university college, dublin. flood obtained his doctorate through part-time study, as he had already acquired a family and a job. colin was part of a collaborative study o...
E
windmills - also known as a wind turbine, windmills are increasing in popularity for their ability to efficiently use the wind to generate electricity. although they come in many shapes and sizes, the most common one is the large three-blade. the blades work on the same principle as an airplane wing. as wind passes ove...
G
the scale developed by richter and gutenberg (which became known by richter's name only) was instead an absolute measure of an earthquake's intensity. richter used a seismograph, an instrument generally consisting of a constantly unwinding roll of paper, anchored to a fixed place, and a pendulum or magnet suspended wit...
A
acknowledging the importance of both language and visuals in communication and meaning making, shipka (2005) further advocates for a multimodal, task-based framework in which students are encouraged to use diverse modes and materials—print texts, digital media, videotaped performances, old photographs—and any combinati...
C
the moon and the planets are yin; they have shape but no light. this they receive only when the sun illuminates them. the former masters regarded the sun as round like a crossbow bullet, and they thought the moon had the nature of a mirror. some of them recognized the moon as a ball too. those parts of the moon which t...
C
while studying at the university of bristol, england, baird met his swiss wife of 60 years, erna jaggi baird, who died june 6, 2011, of a rare autoimmune disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis. in 2012, the erna baird memorial grant was established in her memory and has since enabled vital research funding resulting...
no
for older pupils and for college students, batteries serve to illustrate the principles of oxidation-reduction reactions. students can discover that two identical electrodes yield no voltage and that different pairs of metals (beyond copper and zinc) yield different voltages. the voltages and currents from series and p...
A
a three-week voyage is planned; the mayflower 400 will sail from plymouth uk, navigate through the isles of scilly and over the site of the sunken titanic to land in plymouth, massachusetts. the mayflower autonomous ship has a highly trained “captain” and a “navigator” knowledgeable in the rules of avoiding collisions ...
A
critical care nurses in the u.s. are trained in advanced cardiac life support (acls), and many earn certification in acute and critical care nursing (ccrn) through the american association of critical–care nurses. due to the unstable nature of the patient population, lpn/lvns are rarely utilized in a primary care role ...
yes
“digital ceramics” classes explore the generative fabrication of a wide variety of materials, and interest students from biology and biomedicine as well as architecture. students use computers and 3d-printers to "sketch" their ideas, experimenting with powders for high-firing stoneware, and mixtures of powdered dry cla...
D
the understanding that young children benefit from hands-on learning is more than a century old, going back to the work of maria montessori. however, there are modern developments of the theme. traditional manipulatives are now available on computers as virtual manipulatives, with many offering options not available in...
C
in the 1960s, rosenblatt experimentally demonstrated that learning in newly born animals occurred earlier than had been thought possible (see rosenblatt, turkewitz, and schneirla, 1969). his early work with kittens showed that early learning in neonates initially involved single sensory modalities such as tactile, ther...
B
he developed "embodied learning" methods wherein concepts are intertwined with physically and emotionally engaging activities to create learning experiences that endure and transform. his course "managing with passion" is an events management course in which students learn by planning, organizing, training for and part...
D
space travel is a necessary resource for people around the world, especially when considering the use of satellites in areas like research or telecommunications. with the exploration of space, major issues are merging, such as environmental concerns and pollution or the monopolization of space travel. space diplomacy a...
A
most insulated buildings that use concrete block, brick, adobe, stone, veneers or some combination thereof feature interior insulation in the form of fiberglass batts between wooden wall studs or in the form of rigid insulation boards covered with plaster or drywall. in most climates this insulation is much more effect...
C
hands-on activities are extremely useful in the learning cycle. after making predictions about the height of mr. tall in paper clips, the measuring tools can be introduced and the students can test their strategies. for the student using a constant difference relation, actual measurement will show that mr. tall is actu...
A
hands-on activities are extremely useful in the learning cycle. after making predictions about the height of mr. tall in paper clips, the measuring tools can be introduced and the students can test their strategies. for the student using a constant difference relation, actual measurement will show that mr. tall is actu...
C
wang has studied the energy and environmental effects of petroleum fuels and alternative fuels for use in internal combustion engine vehicles in early 1990s. he examined liquid fuels such as gasoline and diesel and gaseous fuels such as compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas that are produced from petroleum...
D
lunar craters are impact craters on earth's moon. the moon's surface has many craters, all of which were formed by impacts. the international astronomical union currently recognizes 9,137 craters, of which 1,675 have been dated. lunar craters are impact craters on earth 's moon. the moon's surface has many craters, al...
A
we claim that c i ≥ i − 2 {\displaystyle c_{i}\geq i-2} for each i {\displaystyle i}. just before y i {\displaystyle y_{i}} was made a child of x {\displaystyle x}, y 1 … y i − 1 {\displaystyle y_{1}\dots y_{i-1}} were already children of x {\displaystyle x}, and so x {\displaystyle x} must have had degree at least i −...
A
the duplication and transmission of genetic material from one generation of cells to the next is the basis for molecular inheritance and the link between the classical and molecular pictures of genes. organisms inherit the characteristics of their parents because the cells of the offspring contain copies of the genes i...
D
mnemonics were seen to be more effective for groups of people who struggled with or had weak long-term memory, like the elderly. five years after a mnemonic training study, a research team followed-up 112 community-dwelling older adults, 60 years of age and over. delayed recall of a word list was assessed prior to, and...
yes
at the high densities of a stellar core, pair production and annihilation occur rapidly, thereby keeping gamma rays, electrons, and positrons in thermal equilibrium. the higher the temperature, the higher the gamma ray energies, and the larger the amount of energy transferred. in very massive, hot stars with interior ...
D
history-taking may be comprehensive history taking (a fixed and extensive set of questions are asked, as practiced only by health care students such as medical students, physician assistant students, or nurse practitioner students) or iterative hypothesis testing (questions are limited and adapted to rule in or out lik...
maybe
pristane/n-heptadecane (pr/nc) and phytane/n-octadecane (ph/c) are sometimes used to correlate oil and its source rock (i.e. to elucidate where oil formed). oils from rocks deposited under open-ocean conditions showed pr/nc < 0.5, while those from inland peat swamp had ratios greater than 1. during 1951-1970 commercia...
C
16. rai sk, kurokawa m & ono k. viruses causing respiratory infections in children. in: current trends in pediatrics vol. 2 (chapter 15); edit: mathur gp & mathur s. academa publishers, delhi, india 2006: 99~110. 23. kurokawa m, ono k & rai sk. viral infections (measles, rubella, varicella-zoster, roseaola, epstein-ba...
no
" multi sensory " annotations have also been found to help students retain not only information in the classroom, but this can also help those who are trying to learn a new language. images can be placed next to or linked to words for people to get a better understand of what that word means by looking at it. the same ...
C
there are several hundred selected cultivars in a range of colours, sizes and forms; many have double flowers, with the stamens modified into additional petals. there are many colors now available, from pure milk white, to pink, rose, and near red, along with single to fully double forms. they are prolific bloomers, an...
B