index int64 5 229k | q_id stringlengths 5 6 | question stringlengths 3 300 | best_answer stringlengths 15 11k | all_answers list | num_answers int64 1 125 | top_answers list | num_top_answers int64 0 48 | context stringlengths 1.13k 14.5k | orig stringlengths 1.24k 14.7k | target stringlengths 23 11k |
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122,271 | 18m70l | what exactly is a black box? | It's a general term people use when they deal with a functioning component without necessarily knowing or needing to know how the component works. You know *what* the component does, but not necessarily *how*. For example, when you run [black box testing](_URL_0_) on a software package, you are examining the output you... | [
"It's a general term people use when they deal with a functioning component without necessarily knowing or needing to know how the component works. You know *what* the component does, but not necessarily *how*. For example, when you run [black box testing](_URL_0_) on a software package, you are examining the outpu... | 2 | [
"It's a general term people use when they deal with a functioning component without necessarily knowing or needing to know how the component works. You know *what* the component does, but not necessarily *how*. For example, when you run [black box testing](_URL_0_) on a software package, you are examining the outpu... | 1 | <P> unknowingly assumed the part of Jones. Appearing in the film are both Scott B and Beth B, Ida Applebroog, Donny Christensen (musician with James White and the Blacks), Vivienne Dick, Arto Lindsay and Tom Otterness, among others.
Black Box is the name of a torture contraption that was devised in the United States an... | question: what exactly is a black box? context: <P> unknowingly assumed the part of Jones. Appearing in the film are both Scott B and Beth B, Ida Applebroog, Donny Christensen (musician with James White and the Blacks), Vivienne Dick, Arto Lindsay and Tom Otterness, among others.
Black Box is the name of a torture cont... | answer: It's a general term people use when they deal with a functioning component without necessarily knowing or needing to know how the component works. You know *what* the component does, but not necessarily *how*. For example, when you run [black box testing](_URL_0_) on a software package, you are examining the ou... |
70,225 | i7ybj | What is the physical meaning of the third, fourth and fifth derivative of the position ? | Imagine you are in a car. The acceleration of the car corresponds to the force you feel. For example, if the car turns fast then you feel pushed to the side.The third derivative will then be the variation of this force. It's really the important value to know if it's comfortable and how bumpy the ride is. The next deri... | [
"Imagine you are in a car. The acceleration of the car corresponds to the force you feel. For example, if the car turns fast then you feel pushed to the side.\n\nThe third derivative will then be the variation of this force. It's really the important value to know if it's comfortable and how bumpy the ride is. The ... | 3 | [
"Imagine you are in a car. The acceleration of the car corresponds to the force you feel. For example, if the car turns fast then you feel pushed to the side.\n\nThe third derivative will then be the variation of this force. It's really the important value to know if it's comfortable and how bumpy the ride is. The ... | 2 | <P> or airplane around its vertical axis can be measured by suspending the system from three points to form a trifilar pendulum. A trifilar pendulum is a platform supported by three wires designed to oscillate in torsion around its vertical centroidal axis. The period of oscillation of the trifilar pendulum yields the... | question: What is the physical meaning of the third, fourth and fifth derivative of the position ? context: <P> or airplane around its vertical axis can be measured by suspending the system from three points to form a trifilar pendulum. A trifilar pendulum is a platform supported by three wires designed to oscillate i... | answer: Imagine you are in a car. The acceleration of the car corresponds to the force you feel. For example, if the car turns fast then you feel pushed to the side.The third derivative will then be the variation of this force. It's really the important value to know if it's comfortable and how bumpy the ride is. The n... |
141,455 | y656q | What were relations like between China and Japan the years and centuries before WWII? Was there other reasons for the extreme violence and cruelty Japan committed other than nationalism/brainwashing? | The last question that you ask is the easiest to answer. No, they have not always been different cultures or hated each other. The middle kingdom, (what we now call China - but it is also important to understand that "China" and "Japan" have not always been China and Japan) was the cultural center of the world in Asi... | [
"The big event before the Sino-Japanese Wars was Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea, and the main interaction was continuing Chinese influence on Japan throughout its history, but perhaps especially in the last centuries of the first millennium. But there are a lot of Japanese specialists here that can talk about those ... | 3 | [
"The big event before the Sino-Japanese Wars was Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea, and the main interaction was continuing Chinese influence on Japan throughout its history, but perhaps especially in the last centuries of the first millennium. But there are a lot of Japanese specialists here that can talk about those ... | 2 | <P> on China, and not Japan, as its strategic partner in East Asia for the coming years. Reestablishment of relations and Sino-Japanese dilemma After Germany had to cede most of its Pacific and Asian possessions to Japan and with an intensifying Sino-German cooperation, relations between Berlin and Tokyo were nearly de... | question: What were relations like between China and Japan the years and centuries before WWII? Was there other reasons for the extreme violence and cruelty Japan committed other than nationalism/brainwashing? context: <P> on China, and not Japan, as its strategic partner in East Asia for the coming years. Reestablishm... | answer: The last question that you ask is the easiest to answer. No, they have not always been different cultures or hated each other. The middle kingdom, (what we now call China - but it is also important to understand that "China" and "Japan" have not always been China and Japan) was the cultural center of the worl... |
203,671 | dc8hur | what determines which cast member gets featured in the opening credits of a show? | The first names or the last names "And Starring..." are considered the most prestigious, and so actor's agents will negotiate for billing as part of their contract. Being elevated to the title credits of the show is usually a sign that the producers are committing to your character. | [
"The first names or the last names \"And Starring...\" are considered the most prestigious, and so actor's agents will negotiate for billing as part of their contract. Being elevated to the title credits of the show is usually a sign that the producers are committing to your character.",
"There are no set require... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> opening credits. <P> as "Best Supporting Actor". <P> the guest’s choice. <P> has more right to do so?" Original Cast Katharine—Tyne Daly
Will Ogden—Bobby Steggert
Cal Porter—Frederick Weller
Bud Ogden-Porter—Grayson Taylor Awards and nominations Mothers and Sons was nominated for two 2014 Drama League Awards, fo... | question: what determines which cast member gets featured in the opening credits of a show? context: <P> opening credits. <P> as "Best Supporting Actor". <P> the guest’s choice. <P> has more right to do so?" Original Cast Katharine—Tyne Daly
Will Ogden—Bobby Steggert
Cal Porter—Frederick Weller
Bud Ogden-Porter—Gray... | answer: The first names or the last names "And Starring..." are considered the most prestigious, and so actor's agents will negotiate for billing as part of their contract. Being elevated to the title credits of the show is usually a sign that the producers are committing to your character. |
125,076 | 62jxms | Why did Napoleon choose to invade the Russian Empire over the Ottoman Empire? | Andrew Roberts contests in his book 'Napoleon & Wellington' that the invasion of Russia was ostensibly an attempt to re-enforce the 'Continental System' (effectively a European trade embargo with Britain) - which Russia had begun to ignore, but was also motivated by Napoleon's personal political concerns. In the year... | [
"He did invade the Ottoman Empire and failed. Do you mean a campaign by land, crossing the Dinaric Alps?",
"Andrew Roberts contests in his book 'Napoleon & Wellington' that the invasion of Russia was ostensibly an attempt to re-enforce the 'Continental System' (effectively a European trade embargo with Britain)... | 2 | [
"Andrew Roberts contests in his book 'Napoleon & Wellington' that the invasion of Russia was ostensibly an attempt to re-enforce the 'Continental System' (effectively a European trade embargo with Britain) - which Russia had begun to ignore, but was also motivated by Napoleon's personal political concerns. \n\nIn... | 1 | <P> Empire went to war with the Russian Empire. Disintegration Abdul Hamid's biggest fear, near dissolution, was realized with the Russian declaration of war on 24 April 1877. In that conflict, the Ottoman Empire fought without help from European allies. Russian chancellor Prince Gorchakov had effectively purchased Aus... | question: Why did Napoleon choose to invade the Russian Empire over the Ottoman Empire? context: <P> Empire went to war with the Russian Empire. Disintegration Abdul Hamid's biggest fear, near dissolution, was realized with the Russian declaration of war on 24 April 1877. In that conflict, the Ottoman Empire fought wit... | answer: Andrew Roberts contests in his book 'Napoleon & Wellington' that the invasion of Russia was ostensibly an attempt to re-enforce the 'Continental System' (effectively a European trade embargo with Britain) - which Russia had begun to ignore, but was also motivated by Napoleon's personal political concerns. In ... |
218,320 | 8od8or | how do landlines call mobile numbers? | To explain how this works we should first address an evident misconception about mobile phones: They do not communicate directly with each other or with satellites. They communicate with cell towers on the ground, typically within about 5 miles. The connection is then transferred to its destination over conventional ca... | [
"Signal goes from your phone to the tower, the cell tower contacts the automatic phone switching system and routes your call to the approach switch, your call keeps going through switches until it reaches the switch to make your final connection. Then the call is switched to the land line, routes down the line wher... | 2 | [
"To explain how this works we should first address an evident misconception about mobile phones: They do not communicate directly with each other or with satellites. They communicate with cell towers on the ground, typically within about 5 miles. The connection is then transferred to its destination over convention... | 1 | <P> center to confirm the phone the customer is calling from, so that a computer can automatically display the customer's account on a "screen pop" for the next available customer service representative; they are distinct from purpose-made toll-free ANAC numbers. Regardless, if one were to call one of these numbers, li... | question: how do landlines call mobile numbers? context: <P> center to confirm the phone the customer is calling from, so that a computer can automatically display the customer's account on a "screen pop" for the next available customer service representative; they are distinct from purpose-made toll-free ANAC numbers.... | answer: To explain how this works we should first address an evident misconception about mobile phones: They do not communicate directly with each other or with satellites. They communicate with cell towers on the ground, typically within about 5 miles. The connection is then transferred to its destination over convent... |
22,177 | a5wbyx | Could the Spanish Civil War of the 1930's be accurately described as a conflict between democracy and fascism? | I am going to say no, but I am not qualified to give you a real answer. Instead, I am just going to point you to a number of previous discussions which I think you will find interesting, and through which you might be able to piece together an answer.[The Spanish Civil War AMA](_URL_1_)[What is Fascism?](_URL_0_) (u/de... | [
"I am going to say no, but I am not qualified to give you a real answer. Instead, I am just going to point you to a number of previous discussions which I think you will find interesting, and through which you might be able to piece together an answer.\n\n[The Spanish Civil War AMA](_URL_1_)\n\n[What is Fascism?](_... | 3 | [
"I am going to say no, but I am not qualified to give you a real answer. Instead, I am just going to point you to a number of previous discussions which I think you will find interesting, and through which you might be able to piece together an answer.\n\n[The Spanish Civil War AMA](_URL_1_)\n\n[What is Fascism?](_... | 3 | <P> scholars who tend to consider the Spanish State to be authoritarian rather than fascist is that the FET-JONS were relatively heterogeneous rather than being an ideological monolith. After World War II, the Falange opposed free capital markets, but the ultimately prevailing technocrats, some of whom were linked with... | question: Could the Spanish Civil War of the 1930's be accurately described as a conflict between democracy and fascism? context: <P> scholars who tend to consider the Spanish State to be authoritarian rather than fascist is that the FET-JONS were relatively heterogeneous rather than being an ideological monolith. Afte... | answer: I am going to say no, but I am not qualified to give you a real answer. Instead, I am just going to point you to a number of previous discussions which I think you will find interesting, and through which you might be able to piece together an answer.[The Spanish Civil War AMA](_URL_1_)[What is Fascism?](_URL_0... |
188,077 | 3xf0lc | Regarding the big explosion during the Krakatoa 1883 eruption, how dependent was that on its specific circumstances? | I will try to answer your question having put a goodly amount of study into the matter, and Krakatau in particular. Firstly, it's not Krakatoa, that's the European mispronunciation of the the name, it's **Krakatau**. Krakatau lies on a bend in a subduction zone between two plates that facilitates the mixing of felsic a... | [
"I will try to answer your question having put a goodly amount of study into the matter, and Krakatau in particular. Firstly, it's not Krakatoa, that's the European mispronunciation of the the name, it's **Krakatau**. \n\nKrakatau lies on a bend in a subduction zone between two plates that facilitates the mixing of... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> distribution, with the mean interval being either 65 or 91 minutes, and is dependent on the length of the prior eruption. Within a margin of error of ±10 minutes, Old Faithful will erupt either 65 minutes after an eruption lasting less than 2 ¹⁄₂ minutes, or 91 minutes after an eruption lasting more than 2 ¹⁄₂ m... | question: Regarding the big explosion during the Krakatoa 1883 eruption, how dependent was that on its specific circumstances? context: <P> distribution, with the mean interval being either 65 or 91 minutes, and is dependent on the length of the prior eruption. Within a margin of error of ±10 minutes, Old Faithful wil... | answer: I will try to answer your question having put a goodly amount of study into the matter, and Krakatau in particular. Firstly, it's not Krakatoa, that's the European mispronunciation of the the name, it's **Krakatau**. Krakatau lies on a bend in a subduction zone between two plates that facilitates the mixing of ... |
180,347 | 25xgjz | how do rainfall radars work? | Radars send out radio waves and these waves then bounce off of objects and the radar receiver collects these returned waves and makes a picture. The frequency and wavelength of the radio waves determines how far the radar can see and how sensitive it is. These Radars generally bounce off clouds. The way they return let... | [
"Radars send out radio waves and these waves then bounce off of objects and the radar receiver collects these returned waves and makes a picture. The frequency and wavelength of the radio waves determines how far the radar can see and how sensitive it is. \n\nThese Radars generally bounce off clouds. The way they r... | 1 | [
"Radars send out radio waves and these waves then bounce off of objects and the radar receiver collects these returned waves and makes a picture. The frequency and wavelength of the radio waves determines how far the radar can see and how sensitive it is. \n\nThese Radars generally bounce off clouds. The way they r... | 1 | <P> atmospheric waves. Beneath the crests, the water is calm and reflects light directly back towards the sensor. Clouds commonly form at the crests of the waves, and such clouds are visible throughout this scene. Images that show sunglint Below is a gallery of images that show sunglint. <P> the type of precipitation. ... | question: how do rainfall radars work? context: <P> atmospheric waves. Beneath the crests, the water is calm and reflects light directly back towards the sensor. Clouds commonly form at the crests of the waves, and such clouds are visible throughout this scene. Images that show sunglint Below is a gallery of images tha... | answer: Radars send out radio waves and these waves then bounce off of objects and the radar receiver collects these returned waves and makes a picture. The frequency and wavelength of the radio waves determines how far the radar can see and how sensitive it is. These Radars generally bounce off clouds. The way they re... |
25,113 | 6xvhkc | Is a single Elephant's skin cell bigger than a human's skin cell? | No, while cells can come in various sizes there's something called the [Square-Cube law](_URL_0_) that basically means that the larger an object becomes, its volume grows faster than its surface area. This might sound obvious but because cells have to traffic things into and out of their surfaces in order to process nu... | [
"No, while cells can come in various sizes there's something called the [Square-Cube law](_URL_0_) that basically means that the larger an object becomes, its volume grows faster than its surface area. This might sound obvious but because cells have to traffic things into and out of their surfaces in order to proce... | 5 | [
"No, while cells can come in various sizes there's something called the [Square-Cube law](_URL_0_) that basically means that the larger an object becomes, its volume grows faster than its surface area. This might sound obvious but because cells have to traffic things into and out of their surfaces in order to proce... | 4 | <P> bronchial airway epithelial cells, mammary epithelial cells, the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma, corneal epithelial cells, and dendritic cells; it is less strongly expressed in alveolar macrophages, tissue mast cells, tissue fibroblasts, circulating blood neutrophils, vascular endothelial cells, joint S... | question: Is a single Elephant's skin cell bigger than a human's skin cell? context: <P> bronchial airway epithelial cells, mammary epithelial cells, the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma, corneal epithelial cells, and dendritic cells; it is less strongly expressed in alveolar macrophages, tissue mast cells, t... | answer: No, while cells can come in various sizes there's something called the [Square-Cube law](_URL_0_) that basically means that the larger an object becomes, its volume grows faster than its surface area. This might sound obvious but because cells have to traffic things into and out of their surfaces in order to pr... |
82,469 | 3cdp2d | how does the highly skilled spider on my deck get a web support thread across a several foot large gap with no means of crossing? | They travel by wind on these silk treads as well. That's how they can cross roads and bridges see mingling over night | [
"They travel by wind on these silk treads as well. That's how they can cross roads and bridges see mingling over night",
"Over a longer gap, they will often spin a very lightweight thread, sticky at the tip but non-stick otherwise, and slowly release it into the wind until it crosses the gap and sticks to somethi... | 2 | [
"They travel by wind on these silk treads as well. That's how they can cross roads and bridges see mingling over night"
] | 1 | <P> blocker bars on the ladders that the spider uses to move upwards. <P> are distinctively ladder-shaped, in contrast to the snares of other cribellate spiders from other families.
The larger part of the odd-clawed spider's web is composed of a network of supporting threads built up to 2 m (6.6 ft) above the ground. T... | question: how does the highly skilled spider on my deck get a web support thread across a several foot large gap with no means of crossing? context: <P> blocker bars on the ladders that the spider uses to move upwards. <P> are distinctively ladder-shaped, in contrast to the snares of other cribellate spiders from other... | answer: They travel by wind on these silk treads as well. That's how they can cross roads and bridges see mingling over night |
118,034 | caxsum | How were consumer goods marketed in the Soviet Union? Were there television advertisements or catalogs? | I'll focus on a particular sliver of Soviet history (the 1920s and 1930s) and specifically print media in that period, but, in short, there were advertisements for consumer goods, although advertisement placements were restricted far beyond what an American consumer would be used to.In this period, advertisements for c... | [
"I'll focus on a particular sliver of Soviet history (the 1920s and 1930s) and specifically print media in that period, but, in short, there were advertisements for consumer goods, although advertisement placements were restricted far beyond what an American consumer would be used to.\n\nIn this period, advertiseme... | 1 | [
"I'll focus on a particular sliver of Soviet history (the 1920s and 1930s) and specifically print media in that period, but, in short, there were advertisements for consumer goods, although advertisement placements were restricted far beyond what an American consumer would be used to.\n\nIn this period, advertiseme... | 1 | <P> and toys there). The store attracted the highest public interest: “In the eyes of the Muscovites “Muir and Mirrielees” is a kind of exhibition of everything that was on sale in the capital, be it for the rich and the high society, or for the middle-class customers" wrote one of the contemporaries. The store deliver... | question: How were consumer goods marketed in the Soviet Union? Were there television advertisements or catalogs? context: <P> and toys there). The store attracted the highest public interest: “In the eyes of the Muscovites “Muir and Mirrielees” is a kind of exhibition of everything that was on sale in the capital, be ... | answer: I'll focus on a particular sliver of Soviet history (the 1920s and 1930s) and specifically print media in that period, but, in short, there were advertisements for consumer goods, although advertisement placements were restricted far beyond what an American consumer would be used to.In this period, advertisemen... |
1,239 | 5tnrju | How does the electric field behave as a charged particle falls into a black hole? | > It seems to imply that to a distant observer, the field due to a charge at the event horizon of a black hole would have to be spherically symmetric around the center of the black hole (at least, assuming a spherical black hole). Ok, when people say a black hole is only described by its mass, charge and angular mome... | [
" > It seems to imply that to a distant observer, the field due to a charge at the event horizon of a black hole would have to be spherically symmetric around the center of the black hole (at least, assuming a spherical black hole). \n\nOk, when people say a black hole is only described by its mass, charge and ang... | 1 | [
" > It seems to imply that to a distant observer, the field due to a charge at the event horizon of a black hole would have to be spherically symmetric around the center of the black hole (at least, assuming a spherical black hole). \n\nOk, when people say a black hole is only described by its mass, charge and ang... | 1 | <P> emits electromagnetic radiation and secondary emissions. As a particle traveling in a circle is always accelerating towards the center of the circle, it continuously radiates towards the tangent of the circle. This radiation is called synchrotron light and depends highly on the mass of the accelerating particle. Fo... | question: How does the electric field behave as a charged particle falls into a black hole? context: <P> emits electromagnetic radiation and secondary emissions. As a particle traveling in a circle is always accelerating towards the center of the circle, it continuously radiates towards the tangent of the circle. This ... | answer: > It seems to imply that to a distant observer, the field due to a charge at the event horizon of a black hole would have to be spherically symmetric around the center of the black hole (at least, assuming a spherical black hole). Ok, when people say a black hole is only described by its mass, charge and angu... |
124,783 | 24af6h | why is it so much cheaper to power an electric car, when all of its energy comes from oil? | Because only [0.3% of the United States' overall electrical generation mix](_URL_0_) comes from oil. Oil is expensive, and becoming even moreso, because of its inherent utility, as no other energy source we have ready access to packs so much energy into such a highly portable package. It is a poor choice for electric... | [
"For reference - _URL_0_\n\nIts about energy efficiency. Cars only convert about 17-21% of the energy in gasoline into movement, electric cars get somewhere around 59-62% efficiency.\n\nSo its a massive increase in efficiency per gallon of oil consumed.",
"Because only [0.3% of the United States' overall electri... | 3 | [
"Because only [0.3% of the United States' overall electrical generation mix](_URL_0_) comes from oil. Oil is expensive, and becoming even moreso, because of its inherent utility, as no other energy source we have ready access to packs so much energy into such a highly portable package. It is a poor choice for ele... | 2 | <P> "electric vehicle refueling" station and the "cost of electricity (depending on the source) is at least 75% cheaper than hydrogen." By 2018, the cost of EV batteries had fallen to below $150 per kWh.
Some electric car designs offer limited driving range causing range anxiety. For example, the 2013 Nissan Leaf had a... | question: why is it so much cheaper to power an electric car, when all of its energy comes from oil? context: <P> "electric vehicle refueling" station and the "cost of electricity (depending on the source) is at least 75% cheaper than hydrogen." By 2018, the cost of EV batteries had fallen to below $150 per kWh.
Some e... | answer: Because only [0.3% of the United States' overall electrical generation mix](_URL_0_) comes from oil. Oil is expensive, and becoming even moreso, because of its inherent utility, as no other energy source we have ready access to packs so much energy into such a highly portable package. It is a poor choice for ... |
209,785 | 6sbmfy | how does china enforce its internet restrictions and how do they deal with people that try to circumvent those? | Lived in China for 4 years - at this point it's almost more of a symbolic thing. They don't *really* care if you use a VPN, the point is just that it's easier for you to use the Chinese alternatives (assuming you're Chinese).The rest of the reason for the block is mostly economic.By making Youtube/Google/FB/etc hard to... | [
"China doesn't really care people being able to access certain websites at all, they care about people being able to access those things *easily*. Its a matter of being able to control media on least common denominator level, sure people can get around it, generally decently educated at least middle class people. ... | 2 | [
"Lived in China for 4 years - at this point it's almost more of a symbolic thing. They don't *really* care if you use a VPN, the point is just that it's easier for you to use the Chinese alternatives (assuming you're Chinese).\n\nThe rest of the reason for the block is mostly economic.\n\nBy making Youtube/Google/F... | 1 | <P> police (Merseyside Police), not the Chinese lenders. In a statement, the director of Big Brother Watch, Silkie Carlo, said that the, “Authoritarian surveillance tool is rarely seen outside of China.” In 2019 Information Commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, launched an investigation into the use of facial recognition sof... | question: how does china enforce its internet restrictions and how do they deal with people that try to circumvent those? context: <P> police (Merseyside Police), not the Chinese lenders. In a statement, the director of Big Brother Watch, Silkie Carlo, said that the, “Authoritarian surveillance tool is rarely seen outs... | answer: Lived in China for 4 years - at this point it's almost more of a symbolic thing. They don't *really* care if you use a VPN, the point is just that it's easier for you to use the Chinese alternatives (assuming you're Chinese).The rest of the reason for the block is mostly economic.By making Youtube/Google/FB/etc... |
201,278 | 4tljug | Were there classical musicians/composers that were considered too musically progressive for their time? | I'll consider classical to mean "Western Concert Music" and not exclusively 1740-1820ish, but the answer is the same for the so called Classical period: Yes, certainly. Some examples:In the early 17th century Giovanni Artusi was complaining about Claudio Monteverdi's music, calling it crude and full of instances in whi... | [
"I'll consider classical to mean \"Western Concert Music\" and not exclusively 1740-1820ish, but the answer is the same for the so called Classical period: Yes, certainly. \n\nSome examples:\n\nIn the early 17th century Giovanni Artusi was complaining about Claudio Monteverdi's music, calling it crude and full of i... | 1 | [
"I'll consider classical to mean \"Western Concert Music\" and not exclusively 1740-1820ish, but the answer is the same for the so called Classical period: Yes, certainly. \n\nSome examples:\n\nIn the early 17th century Giovanni Artusi was complaining about Claudio Monteverdi's music, calling it crude and full of i... | 1 | <P> but after 1930 he started to focus on orchestral music. <P> it would be difficult to find anything more impressive in the whole of world literature."
Karlheinz Stockhausen set portions of Volume 3 to music in Sirius. <P> It was no big deal to master all that – it was only a question of techniques, not of music, no... | question: Were there classical musicians/composers that were considered too musically progressive for their time? context: <P> but after 1930 he started to focus on orchestral music. <P> it would be difficult to find anything more impressive in the whole of world literature."
Karlheinz Stockhausen set portions of Volum... | answer: I'll consider classical to mean "Western Concert Music" and not exclusively 1740-1820ish, but the answer is the same for the so called Classical period: Yes, certainly. Some examples:In the early 17th century Giovanni Artusi was complaining about Claudio Monteverdi's music, calling it crude and full of instance... |
21,432 | 2aabof | will we ever run out of space for satellites to orbit the earth? | We already allocate some orbits through international agreements. Putting a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit, an orbit that takes 24 hours to complete meaning the satellite appears to remain in the same place in the sky all the time, requires a lot of coordination between satellite operators. While the risk of a p... | [
"We already allocate some orbits through international agreements. Putting a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit, an orbit that takes 24 hours to complete meaning the satellite appears to remain in the same place in the sky all the time, requires a lot of coordination between satellite operators. While the risk o... | 1 | [
"We already allocate some orbits through international agreements. Putting a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit, an orbit that takes 24 hours to complete meaning the satellite appears to remain in the same place in the sky all the time, requires a lot of coordination between satellite operators. While the risk o... | 1 | <P> an example, failure is expected for space vehicles that can be required to operate correctly for as much as 10 years in a hostile environment.
Redundancy can be achieved by launching a large number of satellites, which is a practical solution for things like the Global Positioning System (GPS) because each vehicle ... | question: will we ever run out of space for satellites to orbit the earth? context: <P> an example, failure is expected for space vehicles that can be required to operate correctly for as much as 10 years in a hostile environment.
Redundancy can be achieved by launching a large number of satellites, which is a practica... | answer: We already allocate some orbits through international agreements. Putting a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit, an orbit that takes 24 hours to complete meaning the satellite appears to remain in the same place in the sky all the time, requires a lot of coordination between satellite operators. While the ris... |
140,836 | 54zczz | does wearing sunglasses in bright environments have a negative or positive effect on eye health? does it depend on the type of glasses? | Define bright.Generally speaking. If its dim enough that shades are optional, it shouldnt be doing any damage to your eyes.o | [
"Define bright.\n\nGenerally speaking. If its dim enough that shades are optional, it shouldnt be doing any damage to your eyes.o\n"
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> subjectively refine the patient's eyeglass prescription. Other types of refractive error are hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Prevention Some suggest that more time spent outdoors during childhood is effective for prevention.
Various methods have been employed in an attempt to decrease the progression of myo... | question: does wearing sunglasses in bright environments have a negative or positive effect on eye health? does it depend on the type of glasses? context: <P> subjectively refine the patient's eyeglass prescription. Other types of refractive error are hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Prevention Some suggest that... | answer: Define bright.Generally speaking. If its dim enough that shades are optional, it shouldnt be doing any damage to your eyes.o |
206,464 | k0pjd | college football divisions. there's no playoffs? playoffs? | Basically think about it this way: you want to see who the best kickballer in the school is. You have a regular season where there are lots of matches, but not everybody plays everybody. So you have records for all of them, but some guys have the same record. So you have the teachers and other players vote on who they ... | [
"Basically think about it this way: you want to see who the best kickballer in the school is. You have a regular season where there are lots of matches, but not everybody plays everybody. So you have records for all of them, but some guys have the same record. So you have the teachers and other players vote on who ... | 4 | [
"Basically think about it this way: you want to see who the best kickballer in the school is. You have a regular season where there are lots of matches, but not everybody plays everybody. So you have records for all of them, but some guys have the same record. So you have the teachers and other players vote on who ... | 2 | <P> 2006 NCAA Division II football season Playoff bracket * Home team † Overtime <P> 2018 Big Ten Conference football season Previous season Ohio State defeated Wisconsin, 27–21, in the Big Ten Football Championship Game.
Eight teams participated in bowl games in the 2017 season and the league went a very impressive... | question: college football divisions. there's no playoffs? playoffs? context: <P> 2006 NCAA Division II football season Playoff bracket * Home team † Overtime <P> 2018 Big Ten Conference football season Previous season Ohio State defeated Wisconsin, 27–21, in the Big Ten Football Championship Game.
Eight teams parti... | answer: Basically think about it this way: you want to see who the best kickballer in the school is. You have a regular season where there are lots of matches, but not everybody plays everybody. So you have records for all of them, but some guys have the same record. So you have the teachers and other players vote on w... |
180,584 | 45n4nf | why is putin a hardcore pro-assad ? | Ok. First of all a geography lesson. Most of the middle east oil leaves through 2 ports, Turkey and the persian gulf. This is where the straits of hormuz come in to play, the problem with the persian gulf is that when exiting the gulf theres a choke point called the straits of hormuz in which Iran could easly cut off ... | [
"Assad was originally installed as a Russian puppet dictator. Russia uses it's connections to the Assad regime to rent a naval base in the Mediterranean, it's only such base. With the Crimean base in jeopardy and increased tensions with Turkey cutting off likely access between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, i... | 2 | [
"Ok. \n\nFirst of all a geography lesson. \n\nMost of the middle east oil leaves through 2 ports, Turkey and the persian gulf. This is where the straits of hormuz come in to play, the problem with the persian gulf is that when exiting the gulf theres a choke point called the straits of hormuz in which Iran could e... | 1 | <P> to the official figures of 700 to 2,000 rebel fighters), and that thanks to his father, 7,000 separatists had already defected to the Russian side since 1999. When responding to a question on how he is going to "avenge the murder of his father", Ramzan said:
I've already killed him, whom I ought to kill. And those,... | question: why is putin a hardcore pro-assad ? context: <P> to the official figures of 700 to 2,000 rebel fighters), and that thanks to his father, 7,000 separatists had already defected to the Russian side since 1999. When responding to a question on how he is going to "avenge the murder of his father", Ramzan said:
I'... | answer: Ok. First of all a geography lesson. Most of the middle east oil leaves through 2 ports, Turkey and the persian gulf. This is where the straits of hormuz come in to play, the problem with the persian gulf is that when exiting the gulf theres a choke point called the straits of hormuz in which Iran could easly ... |
80,358 | 3fz38s | what makes ceo, cto and cfo individuals so special? why can't just any manager, tech lead, or accountant take on the roll? there are so many of them around, and yet companies have a hard time filling those roles? | This [book](_URL_0_) talks about the different skills you need to learn as you ascend from individual contributor to CEO.It is a very different skill to manage a group of people than to do the work of those people yourself. (*Managing* programmers is not like *being* a programmer.) And a different skill set again to ma... | [
"The CEO/CTO/CFO are managers, tech leads, or accountants. You wouldn't stick some fresh outta college accountant to be the CFO of your company because that position is the CHIEF Financial Officer. In other words the top of the organization for finance, the one who manages your finance and spending and all that shi... | 3 | [
"This [book](_URL_0_) talks about the different skills you need to learn as you ascend from individual contributor to CEO.\n\nIt is a very different skill to manage a group of people than to do the work of those people yourself. (*Managing* programmers is not like *being* a programmer.) And a different skill set ag... | 1 | <P> management integration also plays an important role in corporate governance. This means identifying the degree of harm derived from a certain threat or risk and balancing the costs and benefits of the possible methods to eliminate or reduce the risk. It is crucial to establish risk assessment and audit processes t... | question: what makes ceo, cto and cfo individuals so special? why can't just any manager, tech lead, or accountant take on the roll? there are so many of them around, and yet companies have a hard time filling those roles? context: <P> management integration also plays an important role in corporate governance. This me... | answer: This [book](_URL_0_) talks about the different skills you need to learn as you ascend from individual contributor to CEO.It is a very different skill to manage a group of people than to do the work of those people yourself. (*Managing* programmers is not like *being* a programmer.) And a different skill set aga... |
74,586 | 2b5zxy | car engines. their different parts and how they work. | An explosion involves heating and rapid expansion of gas. You can see this when something blows up and creates a big, expanding fireball.Now, imagine blowing up something flammable; we'll say, gasoline, for example, in a really strong metal tube.Imagine putting a cylinder inside that tube. Would the explosion push th... | [
"An explosion involves heating and rapid expansion of gas. You can see this when something blows up and creates a big, expanding fireball.\n\nNow, imagine blowing up something flammable; we'll say, gasoline, for example, in a really strong metal tube.\n\nImagine putting a cylinder inside that tube. Would the expl... | 1 | [
"An explosion involves heating and rapid expansion of gas. You can see this when something blows up and creates a big, expanding fireball.\n\nNow, imagine blowing up something flammable; we'll say, gasoline, for example, in a really strong metal tube.\n\nImagine putting a cylinder inside that tube. Would the expl... | 1 | <P> Yamaha Libero (G5) Technical specification Technical specifications below as reported by the manufacturer.
Engine type: Air-cooled, 4-stroke, SOHC, 2-valve
Cylinder arrangement: Single-cylinder
Bore x stroke: 49.0 x 56.0 mm
Compression ratio: 9.0:1
Starting system: Kick start/Self starter (from 2008 models)
Lubrica... | question: car engines. their different parts and how they work. context: <P> Yamaha Libero (G5) Technical specification Technical specifications below as reported by the manufacturer.
Engine type: Air-cooled, 4-stroke, SOHC, 2-valve
Cylinder arrangement: Single-cylinder
Bore x stroke: 49.0 x 56.0 mm
Compression ratio: ... | answer: An explosion involves heating and rapid expansion of gas. You can see this when something blows up and creates a big, expanding fireball.Now, imagine blowing up something flammable; we'll say, gasoline, for example, in a really strong metal tube.Imagine putting a cylinder inside that tube. Would the explosion... |
180,324 | 3v7oz0 | How come when my download speed doubles is doesn't cut the download speed by half. | It depends on what program you are downloading with, but the most likely answer is that the time left is based on your average download speed, not your momentary download speed. So your download speed may jump around, but the estimate doesn't change as much. | [
"Ah this is a big question. \nYou have increased the speed of the pipe between your house and your ISP. Further up the chain there are other pipes between your ISP and other ISP (or NSPs). The content you are trying to access also has a pipe uplinking it to an ISP. Every point along the way is metered. Just becaus... | 3 | [
"Ah this is a big question. \nYou have increased the speed of the pipe between your house and your ISP. Further up the chain there are other pipes between your ISP and other ISP (or NSPs). The content you are trying to access also has a pipe uplinking it to an ISP. Every point along the way is metered. Just becaus... | 2 | <P> direct download. <P> resulting packets are harder to identify (to avoid detection by traffic classifiers), and with enough robustness that they do not depend on specific QoS properties in the network (in-order packet delivery, jitter, etc. - typically this is achieved through increased buffering and reliable transp... | question: How come when my download speed doubles is doesn't cut the download speed by half. context: <P> direct download. <P> resulting packets are harder to identify (to avoid detection by traffic classifiers), and with enough robustness that they do not depend on specific QoS properties in the network (in-order pack... | answer: It depends on what program you are downloading with, but the most likely answer is that the time left is based on your average download speed, not your momentary download speed. So your download speed may jump around, but the estimate doesn't change as much. |
116,369 | 10a8w8 | Why does heating and cooling a glass object repeatedly lead to cracking? Is this the same reason some materials cannot be recycled indefinitely? | Stress from uneven expansion and contraction of the glass is what causes the cracking, repetition isn't exactly required for that and it's not related to the material being recycled or not. | [
"Stress from uneven expansion and contraction of the glass is what causes the cracking, repetition isn't exactly required for that and it's not related to the material being recycled or not. "
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> make the fill noticeable. Polyester resin and epoxies are toxic and noxious. The wax-resin is fast and easy to use, making it a possible new alternative to fill materials in the conservation field. The wax-resin works best on losses that allow for large contact with the original, primed surface and on losses that a... | question: Why does heating and cooling a glass object repeatedly lead to cracking? Is this the same reason some materials cannot be recycled indefinitely? context: <P> make the fill noticeable. Polyester resin and epoxies are toxic and noxious. The wax-resin is fast and easy to use, making it a possible new alternativ... | answer: Stress from uneven expansion and contraction of the glass is what causes the cracking, repetition isn't exactly required for that and it's not related to the material being recycled or not. |
188,345 | 229k8n | what makes welding so difficult? what makes someone a good welder? | There are several different types of welding, and they vary in difficulty. Mostly, the problem is that the machine doesn't automate the process as much as you might think; the operator needs to control angle, speed, distance from workpiece, and so on. Many of the variables affect other variables, and it takes some expe... | [
"There are several different types of welding, and they vary in difficulty. Mostly, the problem is that the machine doesn't automate the process as much as you might think; the operator needs to control angle, speed, distance from workpiece, and so on. Many of the variables affect other variables, and it takes some... | 1 | [
"There are several different types of welding, and they vary in difficulty. Mostly, the problem is that the machine doesn't automate the process as much as you might think; the operator needs to control angle, speed, distance from workpiece, and so on. Many of the variables affect other variables, and it takes some... | 1 | <P> his method, involved automatic control of the timing of individual spot welds. In spot welding, the two pieces of metal that are to be joined are pressed together with an electrode on each side of the joint. A very high electric current is passed through the joint and fuses the two pieces of metal together. If a s... | question: what makes welding so difficult? what makes someone a good welder? context: <P> his method, involved automatic control of the timing of individual spot welds. In spot welding, the two pieces of metal that are to be joined are pressed together with an electrode on each side of the joint. A very high electric ... | answer: There are several different types of welding, and they vary in difficulty. Mostly, the problem is that the machine doesn't automate the process as much as you might think; the operator needs to control angle, speed, distance from workpiece, and so on. Many of the variables affect other variables, and it takes s... |
99,926 | 1utj3g | what the difference between treble, middle, and bass is. | They are general names for different frequency bands. Bass being the low frequencies, treble being the highest and mids being those in between. | [
"They are general names for different frequency bands. Bass being the low frequencies, treble being the highest and mids being those in between."
] | 1 | [
"They are general names for different frequency bands. Bass being the low frequencies, treble being the highest and mids being those in between."
] | 1 | <P> Extended-range bass Terminology One way that a bass can be considered 'extended-range' is to use a tuning machine mechanism that allows for instant re-tuning, such as the popular 'Xtenders' made by Hipshot detuners. When the player triggers the detuner, it drops the pitch of the string by a pre-set interval. A comm... | question: what the difference between treble, middle, and bass is. context: <P> Extended-range bass Terminology One way that a bass can be considered 'extended-range' is to use a tuning machine mechanism that allows for instant re-tuning, such as the popular 'Xtenders' made by Hipshot detuners. When the player triggers... | answer: They are general names for different frequency bands. Bass being the low frequencies, treble being the highest and mids being those in between. |
140,554 | 4etw72 | why do runners spit so much? | cross country runner here. swallowing takes too much time away from breathing. therefore, i spit. | [
"cross country runner here. swallowing takes too much time away from breathing. therefore, i spit."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> increase thirst. <P> body, is from leafy green vegetables. The blood pressure lowering effects of leafy green vegetables, in particular, spinach and arugula, are abundant in anti-hypertensive diets such as the DASH diet. Several papers have shown saliva nitrite levels correlate with blood nitrite levels which bot... | question: why do runners spit so much? context: <P> increase thirst. <P> body, is from leafy green vegetables. The blood pressure lowering effects of leafy green vegetables, in particular, spinach and arugula, are abundant in anti-hypertensive diets such as the DASH diet. Several papers have shown saliva nitrite leve... | answer: cross country runner here. swallowing takes too much time away from breathing. therefore, i spit. |
27,880 | 1sg9nq | Why is it so hard to stop browsing the internet? | There are many reasons for which people will browse the internet, especially procrastination. Websites are also designed to encourage further reading and time spent on them, such as suggesting 'related articles,' (every news website ever) while others encourage active participation (reddit, facebook etc.)Anything that ... | [
"There are many reasons for which people will browse the internet, especially procrastination. Websites are also designed to encourage further reading and time spent on them, such as suggesting 'related articles,' (every news website ever) while others encourage active participation (reddit, facebook etc.)\n\nAnyth... | 2 | [
"There are many reasons for which people will browse the internet, especially procrastination. Websites are also designed to encourage further reading and time spent on them, such as suggesting 'related articles,' (every news website ever) while others encourage active participation (reddit, facebook etc.)\n\nAnyth... | 2 | <P> said:
The internet has allowed us all so many opportunities to share with each other. To resist this is to resist the future. Others may attempt to block this forward progression with lawsuits and file protection. I, instead, want to do what I can to contribute to this wonderful digital community. <P> when conn... | question: Why is it so hard to stop browsing the internet? context: <P> said:
The internet has allowed us all so many opportunities to share with each other. To resist this is to resist the future. Others may attempt to block this forward progression with lawsuits and file protection. I, instead, want to do what I ... | answer: There are many reasons for which people will browse the internet, especially procrastination. Websites are also designed to encourage further reading and time spent on them, such as suggesting 'related articles,' (every news website ever) while others encourage active participation (reddit, facebook etc.)Anythi... |
124,849 | 7kdond | how does cotton even exist? | First thing to know is it's not just a little white puffball. It's a little white puffball with seeds inside it (which we remove when harvesting). Then, with the understanding that the puffy fibre does something to help with the seeds, compare cotton to dandelions and burdocks.Dandelions have a little parachute that se... | [
"First thing to know is it's not just a little white puffball. It's a little white puffball with seeds inside it (which we remove when harvesting). Then, with the understanding that the puffy fibre does something to help with the seeds, compare cotton to dandelions and burdocks.\n\nDandelions have a little parachut... | 2 | [
"First thing to know is it's not just a little white puffball. It's a little white puffball with seeds inside it (which we remove when harvesting). Then, with the understanding that the puffy fibre does something to help with the seeds, compare cotton to dandelions and burdocks.\n\nDandelions have a little parachut... | 2 | <P> is usually an expensive textile produced in relatively small quantities. It has a long staple (individual fiber length) relative to cotton and other natural fibers. History The discovery of dyed flax fibers in a cave in Georgia dated to thirty-six thousand years ago suggests that ancient people used wild flax fiber... | question: how does cotton even exist? context: <P> is usually an expensive textile produced in relatively small quantities. It has a long staple (individual fiber length) relative to cotton and other natural fibers. History The discovery of dyed flax fibers in a cave in Georgia dated to thirty-six thousand years ago su... | answer: First thing to know is it's not just a little white puffball. It's a little white puffball with seeds inside it (which we remove when harvesting). Then, with the understanding that the puffy fibre does something to help with the seeds, compare cotton to dandelions and burdocks.Dandelions have a little parachute... |
183,034 | 2tqu7w | Movies show men getting hit with an arrow and immediately dying. How accurate is that? | Paramedic here: Very inaccurate. An arrow is considered a low velocity weapon causing injury only to the immediate area involved (as opposed to a high velocity weapon such as a rifle bullet that will cause internal injuries some distance from the wound due to internal shock waves and cavitation). If the arrow was to st... | [
"Paramedic here: Very inaccurate. An arrow is considered a low velocity weapon causing injury only to the immediate area involved (as opposed to a high velocity weapon such as a rifle bullet that will cause internal injuries some distance from the wound due to internal shock waves and cavitation). If the arrow was ... | 2 | [
"Paramedic here: Very inaccurate. An arrow is considered a low velocity weapon causing injury only to the immediate area involved (as opposed to a high velocity weapon such as a rifle bullet that will cause internal injuries some distance from the wound due to internal shock waves and cavitation). If the arrow was ... | 1 | <P> off before Thornton can finish his story and ambushes him shortly thereafter. Her shot is not fatal, but the bullet lodges next to Thornton's spine and in time begins to trouble him by occasionally pressing against the spinal cord, causing temporary paralysis of his right side. The local doctor, Dr. Miller, does no... | question: Movies show men getting hit with an arrow and immediately dying. How accurate is that? context: <P> off before Thornton can finish his story and ambushes him shortly thereafter. Her shot is not fatal, but the bullet lodges next to Thornton's spine and in time begins to trouble him by occasionally pressing aga... | answer: Paramedic here: Very inaccurate. An arrow is considered a low velocity weapon causing injury only to the immediate area involved (as opposed to a high velocity weapon such as a rifle bullet that will cause internal injuries some distance from the wound due to internal shock waves and cavitation). If the arrow w... |
84,998 | 44qk0e | brute force attacks on passwords | The 3 wrong passwords=lockout function is a protection against brute-force attacks, and it's been a long time since hackers have been doing those attacks on login forms. Instead, they are sometimes able to steal a list of *unsalted password hashes* from sites with poor security practices. They are then able to run a ... | [
"Brute force attacks aren't done against the actual login website, that would be impossibly slow. Instead, they're performed against a stolen copy of the site's passwords file, which has a hashed version of your password in it. That way they can attempt passwords as quickly as their local machine will allow.",
... | 4 | [
"Brute force attacks aren't done against the actual login website, that would be impossibly slow. Instead, they're performed against a stolen copy of the site's passwords file, which has a hashed version of your password in it. That way they can attempt passwords as quickly as their local machine will allow.",
... | 3 | <P> and strong security. Passwords that are easily remembered are easily cracked by attackers. On the other hand, strong passwords are difficult to crack but also difficult to remember. When passwords are difficult to remember, users may write them down, and the secrecy of the password is compromised. Early research i... | question: brute force attacks on passwords context: <P> and strong security. Passwords that are easily remembered are easily cracked by attackers. On the other hand, strong passwords are difficult to crack but also difficult to remember. When passwords are difficult to remember, users may write them down, and the secre... | answer: The 3 wrong passwords=lockout function is a protection against brute-force attacks, and it's been a long time since hackers have been doing those attacks on login forms. Instead, they are sometimes able to steal a list of *unsalted password hashes* from sites with poor security practices. They are then able t... |
202,520 | 603d74 | how do gums stop bleeding once they start? | From _URL_0_Seems like the gums are like any other part of the body. When cut they become inflamed and clot then heal. > The healing mechanism involves the inflammatory process, which is the same in almost the entire body. In particular in both skin and mucosa (both referred to as "epithelial" tissues), when there is ... | [
"From _URL_0_\n\nSeems like the gums are like any other part of the body. When cut they become inflamed and clot then heal. \n\n > The healing mechanism involves the inflammatory process, which is the same in almost the entire body. In particular in both skin and mucosa (both referred to as \"epithelial\" tissues),... | 2 | [
"From _URL_0_\n\nSeems like the gums are like any other part of the body. When cut they become inflamed and clot then heal. \n\n > The healing mechanism involves the inflammatory process, which is the same in almost the entire body. In particular in both skin and mucosa (both referred to as \"epithelial\" tissues),... | 1 | <P> one incident, eating too many Brussels sprouts led to hospitalization for an individual on blood-thinning therapy. <P> Treponema socranskii Discovery and isolation Robert Smibert, John Johnson, and Richard Ranney isolated Treponema socranskii in Virginia, 1984. Volunteers with periodontitis and clinically-induced p... | question: how do gums stop bleeding once they start? context: <P> one incident, eating too many Brussels sprouts led to hospitalization for an individual on blood-thinning therapy. <P> Treponema socranskii Discovery and isolation Robert Smibert, John Johnson, and Richard Ranney isolated Treponema socranskii in Virginia... | answer: From _URL_0_Seems like the gums are like any other part of the body. When cut they become inflamed and clot then heal. > The healing mechanism involves the inflammatory process, which is the same in almost the entire body. In particular in both skin and mucosa (both referred to as "epithelial" tissues), when t... |
185,672 | 53jgr2 | how does the crisping sleeve work when microwaving something. | You know how the inside of the sleeve has a silver lining? It's basically a metallic film (called a "susceptor") that very effectively absorbs the microwaves and radiates heat. So, it gets very hot and can effectively brown/cook the food next to it with thermal radiation. | [
"You know how the inside of the sleeve has a silver lining? It's basically a metallic film (called a \"susceptor\") that very effectively absorbs the microwaves and radiates heat. So, it gets very hot and can effectively brown/cook the food next to it with thermal radiation. "
] | 1 | [
"You know how the inside of the sleeve has a silver lining? It's basically a metallic film (called a \"susceptor\") that very effectively absorbs the microwaves and radiates heat. So, it gets very hot and can effectively brown/cook the food next to it with thermal radiation. "
] | 1 | <P> liquid droplets traveling at these speeds can rapidly erode the scrubber shell.
Abrasion can be reduced by lining the throat with silicon carbide brick or fitting it with a replaceable liner. Abrasion can also occur downstream of the throat section. To reduce abrasion here, the elbow at the bottom of the scrubber (... | question: how does the crisping sleeve work when microwaving something. context: <P> liquid droplets traveling at these speeds can rapidly erode the scrubber shell.
Abrasion can be reduced by lining the throat with silicon carbide brick or fitting it with a replaceable liner. Abrasion can also occur downstream of the t... | answer: You know how the inside of the sleeve has a silver lining? It's basically a metallic film (called a "susceptor") that very effectively absorbs the microwaves and radiates heat. So, it gets very hot and can effectively brown/cook the food next to it with thermal radiation. |
215,397 | 37jkjq | how does _url_0_ direct me to the correct domain every time even though they change so frequently? | DNS lookups make the world go round. I could change my physical server and location every day, as long as I keep a DNS server updated with the correct information traffic will get there | [
"DNS lookups make the world go round. I could change my physical server and location every day, as long as I keep a DNS server updated with the correct information traffic will get there"
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> however, configure web hooks to send data and trigger events on designated URLs. <P> it, it can be used by anyone who chooses to do so. On DALnet, however, this was no longer the case. This service—which many users saw as a way of firmly establishing their online identities—was a significant factor in DALnet's popu... | question: how does _url_0_ direct me to the correct domain every time even though they change so frequently? context: <P> however, configure web hooks to send data and trigger events on designated URLs. <P> it, it can be used by anyone who chooses to do so. On DALnet, however, this was no longer the case. This service—... | answer: DNS lookups make the world go round. I could change my physical server and location every day, as long as I keep a DNS server updated with the correct information traffic will get there |
139,434 | 8z9zke | how do we know that 194 decibels is the loudest sound possible? | As we all know, sound is a series of pressure wave travelling in air: sound waves are caused by oscillations of pressure in the air. The loudness of a sound possible on earth is limited by the size of this oscillation of air pressure. This presents a natural limit to how loud a (sustained) sound can get - the pressur... | [
"As we all know, sound is a series of pressure wave travelling in air: sound waves are caused by oscillations of pressure in the air. The loudness of a sound possible on earth is limited by the size of this oscillation of air pressure. This presents a natural limit to how loud a (sustained) sound can get - the pr... | 4 | [
"As we all know, sound is a series of pressure wave travelling in air: sound waves are caused by oscillations of pressure in the air. The loudness of a sound possible on earth is limited by the size of this oscillation of air pressure. This presents a natural limit to how loud a (sustained) sound can get - the pr... | 3 | <P> test runs of just the ball mill have shown noise levels of 50- 55 dbA. <P> noticeable to the human ear. The smallest sound that a person can hear, known as the threshold of hearing, is nine orders of magnitude smaller than the ambient pressure. The loudness of these disturbances is related to the sound pressure l... | question: how do we know that 194 decibels is the loudest sound possible? context: <P> test runs of just the ball mill have shown noise levels of 50- 55 dbA. <P> noticeable to the human ear. The smallest sound that a person can hear, known as the threshold of hearing, is nine orders of magnitude smaller than the ambie... | answer: As we all know, sound is a series of pressure wave travelling in air: sound waves are caused by oscillations of pressure in the air. The loudness of a sound possible on earth is limited by the size of this oscillation of air pressure. This presents a natural limit to how loud a (sustained) sound can get - the... |
73,225 | 2tx3b6 | how did j. r. r. tolkien invent his elvish language? | He was a linguist who was very talented and very imaginative. | [
"He was a linguist who was very talented and very imaginative. ",
"same way you make up any other language.\n\nyou make it up. \n\nhe just had a good sense to write it down and make it make sense....in an elvish way",
"I heard somewhere that he actually created the languages first and the stories evolved out ... | 4 | [
"He was a linguist who was very talented and very imaginative. "
] | 1 | <P> by his evil will or perhaps, by his own diffused essence, and made intentionally to mock or spite Eru Ilúvatar's creations—the Eldar and Edain.
See The origin of Orcs for a full list of possible Orc origins proposed by Tolkien. Influence of Old English Tolkien referred to the Old English origins of the word "orc", ... | question: how did j. r. r. tolkien invent his elvish language? context: <P> by his evil will or perhaps, by his own diffused essence, and made intentionally to mock or spite Eru Ilúvatar's creations—the Eldar and Edain.
See The origin of Orcs for a full list of possible Orc origins proposed by Tolkien. Influence of Old... | answer: He was a linguist who was very talented and very imaginative. |
136,539 | 3kt682 | Hitler Austrian Identity/Relationship to Austria? | Hitler's citizenship was actually a huge problem for much of his early life. For one thing he was basically a draft dodger from the Austro-Hungarian military, which he did not want to serve in. Instead, before WWI he lived in Germany where, on the outbreak of war, he volunteered for service in the German military. Afte... | [
"Hitler's citizenship was actually a huge problem for much of his early life. For one thing he was basically a draft dodger from the Austro-Hungarian military, which he did not want to serve in. Instead, before WWI he lived in Germany where, on the outbreak of war, he volunteered for service in the German military.... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> power in the Austrian parliament shift dramatically after an election and a party opposed to the current law regains absolute majority.
Austrian citizenship is also automatically lost by serving in a foreign army. Restoration of lost Austrian citizenship to Holocaust survivors and their descendants There are also p... | question: Hitler Austrian Identity/Relationship to Austria? context: <P> power in the Austrian parliament shift dramatically after an election and a party opposed to the current law regains absolute majority.
Austrian citizenship is also automatically lost by serving in a foreign army. Restoration of lost Austrian citi... | answer: Hitler's citizenship was actually a huge problem for much of his early life. For one thing he was basically a draft dodger from the Austro-Hungarian military, which he did not want to serve in. Instead, before WWI he lived in Germany where, on the outbreak of war, he volunteered for service in the German milita... |
30,300 | 6l0szj | what are the benefits of air-drying clothes other than the obvious electricity costs? | Besides being easier on the clothes, and the electricity costs, drying your clothes in direct sunlight works as a natural killer of bacteria due to the exposure to UV light, and will actually produce cleaner clothes, with of course the downside being the fading of colours, becoming "sun washed" for darker colours. | [
"All that lint you find in the trap of a dryer stays in the clothes. I imagine this leads to clothes lasting longer. ",
"No idea what motivates Koreans or Japanese, but, assuming you live someplace with clean air, line-dried stuff smells amazing. The cloth gets much less wear and lasts longer. The fabric after dr... | 3 | [
"Besides being easier on the clothes, and the electricity costs, drying your clothes in direct sunlight works as a natural killer of bacteria due to the exposure to UV light, and will actually produce cleaner clothes, with of course the downside being the fading of colours, becoming \"sun washed\" for darker colour... | 1 | <P> dryers are ideally suited to drying almost any non-flowing product or more granular products that require a lower throughput capacity. Ventilation options In general there are two ways of gas flow pattern. The drying air can flow, according to the treatment process, either through or over the product. Product examp... | question: what are the benefits of air-drying clothes other than the obvious electricity costs? context: <P> dryers are ideally suited to drying almost any non-flowing product or more granular products that require a lower throughput capacity. Ventilation options In general there are two ways of gas flow pattern. The d... | answer: Besides being easier on the clothes, and the electricity costs, drying your clothes in direct sunlight works as a natural killer of bacteria due to the exposure to UV light, and will actually produce cleaner clothes, with of course the downside being the fading of colours, becoming "sun washed" for darker colou... |
67,265 | 5wyv9z | why does mexico get cane sugar coca cola while the u.s. gets high-fructose corn syrup coke? | The US limits the amount of sugar that can be [imported](_URL_2_), leading to a [higher sugar prices in the US](_URL_0_) than in the rest of the world. That difference in price means that for many products made in the US, corn syrup is less expensive than sugar, but elsewhere sugar is less expensive than corn syrup. ... | [
"My guess is because Mexico doesn't have literally tons of rotting extra corn because of farm subsidies.",
"Agricultural subsidies make corn syrup cheaper to produce in the US than regular sugar. This is not the case everywhere in the world, so many other areas use cane sugar.",
"You are kind of dancing around ... | 6 | [
"My guess is because Mexico doesn't have literally tons of rotting extra corn because of farm subsidies.",
"The US limits the amount of sugar that can be [imported](_URL_2_), leading to a [higher sugar prices in the US](_URL_0_) than in the rest of the world. That difference in price means that for many products... | 2 | <P> large neighborhood workforce. After the Mexican revolution in 1910 the Mexican sugar industry took a dramatic change and is now run by government agencies. Today, Mexico is one of the top ten largest sugar producers in the world. Sugar is the second largest crop in Mexico (after corn). Sugar crops span 1.6 million... | question: why does mexico get cane sugar coca cola while the u.s. gets high-fructose corn syrup coke? context: <P> large neighborhood workforce. After the Mexican revolution in 1910 the Mexican sugar industry took a dramatic change and is now run by government agencies. Today, Mexico is one of the top ten largest suga... | answer: The US limits the amount of sugar that can be [imported](_URL_2_), leading to a [higher sugar prices in the US](_URL_0_) than in the rest of the world. That difference in price means that for many products made in the US, corn syrup is less expensive than sugar, but elsewhere sugar is less expensive than corn ... |
61,496 | 1ybyx3 | what were they using electricity for, before thomas edison invented the lightbulb? | [Arc lighting](_URL_0_) was used before the incandescent light bulb which Edison is often given credit for. | [
"[Arc lighting](_URL_0_) was used before the incandescent light bulb which Edison is often given credit for.",
"Gold plating is pretty old. "
] | 2 | [
"[Arc lighting](_URL_0_) was used before the incandescent light bulb which Edison is often given credit for.",
"Gold plating is pretty old. "
] | 2 | <P> group hired a skilled mechanic named Paul Moody of Amesbury to develop and construct the machinery and to supervise the construction of the new mill.
After over a year of trials, Moody was able to bring Lowell's description of the power loom to fruition, making his own advancements along the way. It would be the pe... | question: what were they using electricity for, before thomas edison invented the lightbulb? context: <P> group hired a skilled mechanic named Paul Moody of Amesbury to develop and construct the machinery and to supervise the construction of the new mill.
After over a year of trials, Moody was able to bring Lowell's de... | answer: [Arc lighting](_URL_0_) was used before the incandescent light bulb which Edison is often given credit for. |
181,402 | 2haegh | What kind of music did 1800's slave owners listen to? | First of all, the slaves weren't singing "Deep Blues" yet. That style wouldn't develop for a few decades. Within earshot of the slaveowner families, the slaves engaged in what are called Field Hollers, which were rhythmic chants, often call and response style, that kept the work at a steady pace and passed the time. In... | [
"First of all, the slaves weren't singing \"Deep Blues\" yet. That style wouldn't develop for a few decades. Within earshot of the slaveowner families, the slaves engaged in what are called Field Hollers, which were rhythmic chants, often call and response style, that kept the work at a steady pace and passed the t... | 1 | [
"First of all, the slaves weren't singing \"Deep Blues\" yet. That style wouldn't develop for a few decades. Within earshot of the slaveowner families, the slaves engaged in what are called Field Hollers, which were rhythmic chants, often call and response style, that kept the work at a steady pace and passed the t... | 1 | <P> doubt originated in the Bahamas.
Quote from Smithsonian Folkways recordings on the origin of Rake and scrape music in the Bahamas states "The rake and scrape band hails back to the 1800s, when the Africans who were brought to the Bahamas looked to make music on whatever was available to them: a carpenter's saw, por... | question: What kind of music did 1800's slave owners listen to? context: <P> doubt originated in the Bahamas.
Quote from Smithsonian Folkways recordings on the origin of Rake and scrape music in the Bahamas states "The rake and scrape band hails back to the 1800s, when the Africans who were brought to the Bahamas looke... | answer: First of all, the slaves weren't singing "Deep Blues" yet. That style wouldn't develop for a few decades. Within earshot of the slaveowner families, the slaves engaged in what are called Field Hollers, which were rhythmic chants, often call and response style, that kept the work at a steady pace and passed the ... |
78,831 | fti58n | Is it possible the Coronavirus has been spreading since January in the USA, but that they couldn’t identify the virus for people hospitalized due to symptoms? | Genomic analysis has pinpointed some early January introductions, (_URL_0_) but it was likely not widely circulating until recently. See trend in influenza-like illness increasing with actual positive flu tests decreasing here: [_URL_1_](_URL_1_) (look at charts showing positive flu tests and compare to syndromic surv... | [
"If it was circulating widely months ago, we wouldn't see the very localized increases in hospitalizations and deaths now. And due to contact tracing, we often have a firm--if not perfect--idea of where and when people who are ill have caught the infection. The puzzle pieces of where outbreaks are happening now an... | 12 | [
"If it was circulating widely months ago, we wouldn't see the very localized increases in hospitalizations and deaths now. And due to contact tracing, we often have a firm--if not perfect--idea of where and when people who are ill have caught the infection. The puzzle pieces of where outbreaks are happening now an... | 12 | <P> Health Organization (WHO) overall global risk assessment for the disease, and also stated that any additional confirmed cases would also not change the risk, which is deemed as low. However, it does recommend countries to continue to monitor potential cases and to carefully any unusual patterns. European Centre for... | question: Is it possible the Coronavirus has been spreading since January in the USA, but that they couldn’t identify the virus for people hospitalized due to symptoms? context: <P> Health Organization (WHO) overall global risk assessment for the disease, and also stated that any additional confirmed cases would also n... | answer: Genomic analysis has pinpointed some early January introductions, (_URL_0_) but it was likely not widely circulating until recently. See trend in influenza-like illness increasing with actual positive flu tests decreasing here: [_URL_1_](_URL_1_) (look at charts showing positive flu tests and compare to syndro... |
184,181 | 18u9c7 | how do text-to-speech programs like microsoft sam work? | This is about concatenative synthesis, which is the most popular way of making text-to-speech programs. First, someone makes a script for someone to read. This script should have every sound (like the different vowels in the words "beat", "bit", "bite", "bat", etc) in all different contexts. These contexts can be deter... | [
"This is about concatenative synthesis, which is the most popular way of making text-to-speech programs. \n\nFirst, someone makes a script for someone to read. This script should have every sound (like the different vowels in the words \"beat\", \"bit\", \"bite\", \"bat\", etc) in all different contexts. These cont... | 1 | [
"This is about concatenative synthesis, which is the most popular way of making text-to-speech programs. \n\nFirst, someone makes a script for someone to read. This script should have every sound (like the different vowels in the words \"beat\", \"bit\", \"bite\", \"bat\", etc) in all different contexts. These cont... | 1 | <P> to render them in synthetic speech, for example which speech synthesizer voice to use or when to speak louder or softer. PLS The Pronunciation Lexicon Specification (PLS) is used to define how words are pronounced. The generated pronunciation information is meant to be used by both speech recognizers and speech syn... | question: how do text-to-speech programs like microsoft sam work? context: <P> to render them in synthetic speech, for example which speech synthesizer voice to use or when to speak louder or softer. PLS The Pronunciation Lexicon Specification (PLS) is used to define how words are pronounced. The generated pronunciatio... | answer: This is about concatenative synthesis, which is the most popular way of making text-to-speech programs. First, someone makes a script for someone to read. This script should have every sound (like the different vowels in the words "beat", "bit", "bite", "bat", etc) in all different contexts. These contexts can ... |
118,109 | 223pl1 | what is the difference between gatorade and powerade? | One is owned by Coke (Powerade), the other is owned by Pepsi (Gatorade).Gatorade came first and is the market leader in its category, Powerade lags behind.Otherwise... its basically just heavily flavored sugar-water with some chemicals in it that the body needs after exercise. Edit: Corrected ownerships, thanks to /u/c... | [
"One is owned by Coke (Powerade), the other is owned by Pepsi (Gatorade).\n\nGatorade came first and is the market leader in its category, Powerade lags behind.\n\nOtherwise... its basically just heavily flavored sugar-water with some chemicals in it that the body needs after exercise. \n\nEdit: Corrected ownership... | 3 | [
"One is owned by Coke (Powerade), the other is owned by Pepsi (Gatorade).\n\nGatorade came first and is the market leader in its category, Powerade lags behind.\n\nOtherwise... its basically just heavily flavored sugar-water with some chemicals in it that the body needs after exercise. \n\nEdit: Corrected ownership... | 1 | <P> Seifu History The seifu originated in upscale Manhattan bars, but has expanded in popularity to local bars and pubs throughout New York and the Midwest. The seifu is renowned for its comfortable taste and low calories. Preparation and serving The ingredients are poured into a glass and garnished with a lime. In som... | question: what is the difference between gatorade and powerade? context: <P> Seifu History The seifu originated in upscale Manhattan bars, but has expanded in popularity to local bars and pubs throughout New York and the Midwest. The seifu is renowned for its comfortable taste and low calories. Preparation and serving ... | answer: One is owned by Coke (Powerade), the other is owned by Pepsi (Gatorade).Gatorade came first and is the market leader in its category, Powerade lags behind.Otherwise... its basically just heavily flavored sugar-water with some chemicals in it that the body needs after exercise. Edit: Corrected ownerships, thanks... |
12,384 | 6xjrkm | how do we see the full moon? | It explains that in the same article: > Lunar eclipses do not occur every month because the Moon usually passes above or below Earth's shadow, which is mostly restricted to the ecliptic plane. | [
"The moon doesnt orbit the earth at the same angle that the earth orbits the sun. This means that the shadow of the earth will usually land below where the moon is located. ",
"It explains that in the same article:\n\n > Lunar eclipses do not occur every month because the Moon usually passes above or below Earth... | 6 | [
"The moon doesnt orbit the earth at the same angle that the earth orbits the sun. This means that the shadow of the earth will usually land below where the moon is located. ",
"It explains that in the same article:\n\n > Lunar eclipses do not occur every month because the Moon usually passes above or below Earth... | 2 | <P> Each lies on a path from the central canyon that is collinear with the passage and setting of the full mid-winter "minimum moon", which recurs every 18.6 years. Two other complexes that are less distant from Pueblo Bonito, Una Vida and Peñasco Blanco, share an axis collinear with the passage of the full "maximum mo... | question: how do we see the full moon? context: <P> Each lies on a path from the central canyon that is collinear with the passage and setting of the full mid-winter "minimum moon", which recurs every 18.6 years. Two other complexes that are less distant from Pueblo Bonito, Una Vida and Peñasco Blanco, share an axis co... | answer: It explains that in the same article: > Lunar eclipses do not occur every month because the Moon usually passes above or below Earth's shadow, which is mostly restricted to the ecliptic plane. |
88,835 | etb5mg | Some historians talk about a "First" and "Second" British Empire, but why isn't the first one simply known as the "English Empire"? | There was Scottish influence and participation throughout the First British Empire, which makes calling it an English endeavor more than a little misleading. Another poster has mentioned the spread of Scottish settlement across the Atlantic colonies, so I won't go into that, other than to mention Ned Landsman's excelle... | [
"There was Scottish influence and participation throughout the First British Empire, which makes calling it an English endeavor more than a little misleading. Another poster has mentioned the spread of Scottish settlement across the Atlantic colonies, so I won't go into that, other than to mention Ned Landsman's ex... | 2 | [
"There was Scottish influence and participation throughout the First British Empire, which makes calling it an English endeavor more than a little misleading. Another poster has mentioned the spread of Scottish settlement across the Atlantic colonies, so I won't go into that, other than to mention Ned Landsman's ex... | 2 | <P> British Empire. <P> the exchequer. William Stubbs called Henry a "legislator king" because of his responsibility for major, long-term reforms in England; in contrast, Richard was "a bad son, a bad husband, a selfish ruler, and a vicious man".
The growth of the British Empire led historian Kate Norgate to begin det... | question: Some historians talk about a "First" and "Second" British Empire, but why isn't the first one simply known as the "English Empire"? context: <P> British Empire. <P> the exchequer. William Stubbs called Henry a "legislator king" because of his responsibility for major, long-term reforms in England; in contrast... | answer: There was Scottish influence and participation throughout the First British Empire, which makes calling it an English endeavor more than a little misleading. Another poster has mentioned the spread of Scottish settlement across the Atlantic colonies, so I won't go into that, other than to mention Ned Landsman's... |
79,236 | 26uwqu | how are no-knock raids considered legal and why can charges be pursued against targets who fight back? | No-knock warrants are issued when they believe that evidence will be destroyed between the time they announce themselves and the time they secure the area, or if there is a threat and they are safer catching them by surprise (in which case being mistaken for burglars isn't a problem, because they are people who would b... | [
"No-knock warrants are issued when they believe that evidence will be destroyed between the time they announce themselves and the time they secure the area, or if there is a threat and they are safer catching them by surprise (in which case being mistaken for burglars isn't a problem, because they are people who wo... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> whatever given to a felon, to hinder his being apprehended, tried, or suffering punishment, makes the assistor an accessory. As furnishing him with a horse to escape his pursuers, money or victuals to support him, a house or other shelter to conceal him, or open force and violence to rescue or protect him. Canada T... | question: how are no-knock raids considered legal and why can charges be pursued against targets who fight back? context: <P> whatever given to a felon, to hinder his being apprehended, tried, or suffering punishment, makes the assistor an accessory. As furnishing him with a horse to escape his pursuers, money or victu... | answer: No-knock warrants are issued when they believe that evidence will be destroyed between the time they announce themselves and the time they secure the area, or if there is a threat and they are safer catching them by surprise (in which case being mistaken for burglars isn't a problem, because they are people who... |
63,659 | yqgzp | When a person has Alzheimer's, what keeps them from forgetting how to walk and talk? | In the late stages of the disease, a person can actually lose these abilities. Losing the ability to swallow is often the cause of death. | [
"In the late stages of the disease, a person can actually lose these abilities. Losing the ability to swallow is often the cause of death.",
"Alzheimer's disease is caused by the degeneration of brain tissue, which makes up the neuronal network. The brain becomes spongy in consistency and less able to function in... | 3 | [
"In the late stages of the disease, a person can actually lose these abilities. Losing the ability to swallow is often the cause of death."
] | 1 | <P> on kitchen cabinets, electric kettles with automatic shut-off, and adding lighting to eliminate shadows in the house can all help caregivers to reduce dangers to the person with Alzheimer disease. Other features that can improve the well-being of the elderly person can include marking doors with conspicuous and dis... | question: When a person has Alzheimer's, what keeps them from forgetting how to walk and talk? context: <P> on kitchen cabinets, electric kettles with automatic shut-off, and adding lighting to eliminate shadows in the house can all help caregivers to reduce dangers to the person with Alzheimer disease. Other features ... | answer: In the late stages of the disease, a person can actually lose these abilities. Losing the ability to swallow is often the cause of death. |
1,818 | 2ket9d | What should I know about Arendt before reading her? The good and bad. | Here is a [haAretz article on what's controversial with her writings on Eichmann](_URL_1_). [That controversy was made into a film](_URL_0_).For her writings on Totalitarianism she had no access to Russian language sources. She relies on the sayings out of date with what she is using them for not sourced and taken, as ... | [
"Here is a [haAretz article on what's controversial with her writings on Eichmann](_URL_1_). [That controversy was made into a film](_URL_0_).\n\nFor her writings on Totalitarianism she had no access to Russian language sources. She relies on the sayings out of date with what she is using them for not sourced and t... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Breitbart's reporting, "This is completely false, bad, wrong information that Breitbart started and is being put out into the public." <P> U.S. President Barack Obama, her campaign consultants pulled her from the interview and thereafter called Wasserman's attitude "belittling". Wasserman said, "It was the first ti... | question: What should I know about Arendt before reading her? The good and bad. context: <P> Breitbart's reporting, "This is completely false, bad, wrong information that Breitbart started and is being put out into the public." <P> U.S. President Barack Obama, her campaign consultants pulled her from the interview and ... | answer: Here is a [haAretz article on what's controversial with her writings on Eichmann](_URL_1_). [That controversy was made into a film](_URL_0_).For her writings on Totalitarianism she had no access to Russian language sources. She relies on the sayings out of date with what she is using them for not sourced and ta... |
52,703 | esxke3 | how do tiny airplane wheels withstand the speed and impact of plane during landing? | 1. They're not actually that small. It just seems that way relative to the airplane. [Take a look.](_URL_0_)2. They're built specifically for airplanes to land on, including having a seriously powerful shock absorption system.3. Planes are lighter than you'd expect. That's kind of the point; the lighter the airplane is... | [
"These tires are very tough, but they don't get as many miles as your car tires, only 500 miles or so. They are filled at high pressure and pure nitrogen gas to prevent ice forming at very low temps.",
"1. They're not actually that small. It just seems that way relative to the airplane. [Take a look.](_URL_0_)\n... | 2 | [
"These tires are very tough, but they don't get as many miles as your car tires, only 500 miles or so. They are filled at high pressure and pure nitrogen gas to prevent ice forming at very low temps.",
"1. They're not actually that small. It just seems that way relative to the airplane. [Take a look.](_URL_0_)\n... | 2 | <P> root.
The horizontal stabilizers were seemingly undersized, and mounted below the line of the wing. The larger vertical fin was supplemented by a ventral fin for high-speed stability. This fin folded to the right, as seen from behind, during takeoff and landing to avoid hitting the ground. Two petal-style air brake... | question: how do tiny airplane wheels withstand the speed and impact of plane during landing? context: <P> root.
The horizontal stabilizers were seemingly undersized, and mounted below the line of the wing. The larger vertical fin was supplemented by a ventral fin for high-speed stability. This fin folded to the right,... | answer: 1. They're not actually that small. It just seems that way relative to the airplane. [Take a look.](_URL_0_)2. They're built specifically for airplanes to land on, including having a seriously powerful shock absorption system.3. Planes are lighter than you'd expect. That's kind of the point; the lighter the air... |
209,718 | brx91d | are carbs or sugars in foods like bread or crackers “equal” to those in fruits? | Every type of carb provides the same amount of energy by weight but the speed they get converted to usable energy varies. This is known as the glycemic index. Simple sugars found in soda and simple starches in processed/fried foods quickly get converted to blood sugar. More complex starches like those in oatmeal take l... | [
"Every type of carb provides the same amount of energy by weight but the speed they get converted to usable energy varies. This is known as the glycemic index. Simple sugars found in soda and simple starches in processed/fried foods quickly get converted to blood sugar. More complex starches like those in oatmeal t... | 3 | [
"Every type of carb provides the same amount of energy by weight but the speed they get converted to usable energy varies. This is known as the glycemic index. Simple sugars found in soda and simple starches in processed/fried foods quickly get converted to blood sugar. More complex starches like those in oatmeal t... | 2 | <P> sugar differs from gelling sugar, also called jam sugar, because the latter contains pectin while preserving sugar is 100% sugar. <P> Dioscoreophyllum volkensii Uses The fruit contains monellin, an intensely sweet protein with potential use as a sugar replacement. For humans, monellin is 100,000 times sweeter than ... | question: are carbs or sugars in foods like bread or crackers “equal” to those in fruits? context: <P> sugar differs from gelling sugar, also called jam sugar, because the latter contains pectin while preserving sugar is 100% sugar. <P> Dioscoreophyllum volkensii Uses The fruit contains monellin, an intensely sweet pro... | answer: Every type of carb provides the same amount of energy by weight but the speed they get converted to usable energy varies. This is known as the glycemic index. Simple sugars found in soda and simple starches in processed/fried foods quickly get converted to blood sugar. More complex starches like those in oatmea... |
11,091 | df5at4 | prenuptial agreements | Essentially, it's pre-planning a divorce. It's a legal document detailing how assets will be split in the event a marriage ends. It's most often used if there's some kind of disparity in assets going into the marriage.If one person has 90 percent of the wealth and the other has 10 percent going in, a prenuptial agreeme... | [
"So you basically sign an agreement with your soon to be wife/husband stating that in the event of a separation/divorce your spouse won’t be able to take you for everything you have.",
"Essentially, it's pre-planning a divorce. It's a legal document detailing how assets will be split in the event a marriage ends.... | 3 | [
"Essentially, it's pre-planning a divorce. It's a legal document detailing how assets will be split in the event a marriage ends. It's most often used if there's some kind of disparity in assets going into the marriage.\n\nIf one person has 90 percent of the wealth and the other has 10 percent going in, a prenuptia... | 2 | <P> a search. The rule in Turquand's case The rule in Turquand's case does not enable a third party to hold the company to an unauthorized transaction per se. It allows a third party to assume that a transaction which is within the authority of the directors has been properly authorized, but it requires the third part... | question: prenuptial agreements context: <P> a search. The rule in Turquand's case The rule in Turquand's case does not enable a third party to hold the company to an unauthorized transaction per se. It allows a third party to assume that a transaction which is within the authority of the directors has been properly a... | answer: Essentially, it's pre-planning a divorce. It's a legal document detailing how assets will be split in the event a marriage ends. It's most often used if there's some kind of disparity in assets going into the marriage.If one person has 90 percent of the wealth and the other has 10 percent going in, a prenuptial... |
41,932 | 7dvnjy | what are the main differences between popular opiates and why do people choose to do some over others for recreational purposes? | To my knowledge, as limited as it may be (opiates are not exactly my DOC) it mostly boils down to three things, two of which are closely related. Strength, availablity, and price. The latter being the related ones.Codeine is basically what i call the tier 1 opiate. It makes you feel nice and airy, puts you in a good sp... | [
"There's little to no difference between the ways the opiates interact with your body. Though some batch of other of an illegal street drug might be cut with something else that has other noticeable effects - eg kerosene or cocaine - typically because they are cheaper.\n\nDelivery can matter - injection feels diffe... | 3 | [
"There's little to no difference between the ways the opiates interact with your body. Though some batch of other of an illegal street drug might be cut with something else that has other noticeable effects - eg kerosene or cocaine - typically because they are cheaper.\n\nDelivery can matter - injection feels diffe... | 2 | <P> more fat soluble and therefore more potent by injection, so smaller doses of it are needed for the same effect on pain. Both of these factors are advantageous if giving high doses of opioids via the subcutaneous route, which is often necessary in palliative care. Maintenance therapy A number of European countries p... | question: what are the main differences between popular opiates and why do people choose to do some over others for recreational purposes? context: <P> more fat soluble and therefore more potent by injection, so smaller doses of it are needed for the same effect on pain. Both of these factors are advantageous if giving... | answer: To my knowledge, as limited as it may be (opiates are not exactly my DOC) it mostly boils down to three things, two of which are closely related. Strength, availablity, and price. The latter being the related ones.Codeine is basically what i call the tier 1 opiate. It makes you feel nice and airy, puts you in a... |
35,644 | mxv8f | why dalits (untouchables) are stuck in their plight | It's hard to migrate if you can't scrape together enough money for tonight's dinner. | [
"It's hard to migrate if you can't scrape together enough money for tonight's dinner.",
"India self-segregated professions just after 2000BC the same way Europe self-segregated professions during the middle ages. If your father was a tailor, you were a tailor. If your father was a tanner, then you were a tanner. ... | 4 | [] | 0 | <P> them seek medical treatment or guiding them to reach their husband or relatives in India." In Nepal, the large majority of traffickers are in the age range of 26–35 years, and around 95 percent of traffickers are married. An overwhelmingly majority of traffickers are only literate (84%), without secondary education... | question: why dalits (untouchables) are stuck in their plight context: <P> them seek medical treatment or guiding them to reach their husband or relatives in India." In Nepal, the large majority of traffickers are in the age range of 26–35 years, and around 95 percent of traffickers are married. An overwhelmingly major... | answer: It's hard to migrate if you can't scrape together enough money for tonight's dinner. |
28,991 | dpdx2g | why is it good to visit the chiropractor? | It's not, go see a physiotherapist if you have any muscular or joint issues.Chiropractory is snake oil | [
"It's not, go see a physiotherapist if you have any muscular or joint issues.\n\nChiropractory is snake oil"
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> official appointment of a chiropractor to the US team was during the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, New York when Stephen J. Press recommended George Goodheart to the chairman of the US Olympic Committee (USOC)'s Division of Sports Medicine. Subsequently, a program was developed to screen chiropractors ... | question: why is it good to visit the chiropractor? context: <P> official appointment of a chiropractor to the US team was during the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, New York when Stephen J. Press recommended George Goodheart to the chairman of the US Olympic Committee (USOC)'s Division of Sports Medicine. S... | answer: It's not, go see a physiotherapist if you have any muscular or joint issues.Chiropractory is snake oil |
31,304 | 3bepbu | when ink fades from paper, where does it go? | Ink is a chemical that absorbs light. When ink fades it's not that the chemical left or isn't on the paper anymore. The chemical is still there but the molecules are changed so they don't absorb light anymore. Even a small change in the molecules can make it so that it doesn't absorb light at all.Sometimes people spr... | [
"Ink is a chemical that absorbs light. When ink fades it's not that the chemical left or isn't on the paper anymore. The chemical is still there but the molecules are changed so they don't absorb light anymore. Even a small change in the molecules can make it so that it doesn't absorb light at all.\n\nSometimes p... | 1 | [
"Ink is a chemical that absorbs light. When ink fades it's not that the chemical left or isn't on the paper anymore. The chemical is still there but the molecules are changed so they don't absorb light anymore. Even a small change in the molecules can make it so that it doesn't absorb light at all.\n\nSometimes p... | 1 | <P> "wet") systems.
There are currently two technologies used by manufacturers as print engines for either professional or commercial "dry labs". Although not strictly "dry", the first technology is a dye based, four colour (Yellow, Cyan, Magenta & Black) inkjet system. Inkjet based dry labs output prints with a relati... | question: when ink fades from paper, where does it go? context: <P> "wet") systems.
There are currently two technologies used by manufacturers as print engines for either professional or commercial "dry labs". Although not strictly "dry", the first technology is a dye based, four colour (Yellow, Cyan, Magenta & Black) ... | answer: Ink is a chemical that absorbs light. When ink fades it's not that the chemical left or isn't on the paper anymore. The chemical is still there but the molecules are changed so they don't absorb light anymore. Even a small change in the molecules can make it so that it doesn't absorb light at all.Sometimes pe... |
215,046 | 15qurk | Anti-abolitionists in the US cited economics as their most common argument against ending slavery. Did the US suffer any noticeable recession soon after the passing of the 13th Amendment? | I would imagine this would be really hard to quantify since so much of the South'a economy was also recovering from the loss of life and and other reconstruction efforts after the devastation of places like those visited by Sherman and the Northern army. | [
"I would imagine this would be really hard to quantify since so much of the South'a economy was also recovering from the loss of life and and other reconstruction efforts after the devastation of places like those visited by Sherman and the Northern army.",
"The south was in depression after the Civil War only in... | 4 | [
"I would imagine this would be really hard to quantify since so much of the South'a economy was also recovering from the loss of life and and other reconstruction efforts after the devastation of places like those visited by Sherman and the Northern army.",
"You can't use the time after the ratification of the 13... | 2 | <P> in Europe and the Americas informed the decision by the British to end their participation in the trade in 1807. In 1809 President James Madison outlawed the slave trade with the United States.
Nevertheless, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri argue that it was neither a strictly economic nor moral matter. First, becau... | question: Anti-abolitionists in the US cited economics as their most common argument against ending slavery. Did the US suffer any noticeable recession soon after the passing of the 13th Amendment? context: <P> in Europe and the Americas informed the decision by the British to end their participation in the trade in 18... | answer: I would imagine this would be really hard to quantify since so much of the South'a economy was also recovering from the loss of life and and other reconstruction efforts after the devastation of places like those visited by Sherman and the Northern army. |
157,166 | 1fi8rs | what is the difference between chewing gum and bubble gum? | Chewing gum is mostly just for chewing and fresh breath. Bubble gum is made thicker so as to be able to blow bubbles with it. | [
"Chewing gum is mostly just for chewing and fresh breath. Bubble gum is made thicker so as to be able to blow bubbles with it."
] | 1 | [
"Chewing gum is mostly just for chewing and fresh breath. Bubble gum is made thicker so as to be able to blow bubbles with it."
] | 1 | <P> intestine, stimulating the gut to expel waste material. Karaya gum is also reputed to have aphrodisiacal properties, but there is insufficient evidence to support this. Other uses for the gum are as a thickener in cosmetics and medications, and as an adhesive for dentures. In manufacturing, it is added as a binder,... | question: what is the difference between chewing gum and bubble gum? context: <P> intestine, stimulating the gut to expel waste material. Karaya gum is also reputed to have aphrodisiacal properties, but there is insufficient evidence to support this. Other uses for the gum are as a thickener in cosmetics and medication... | answer: Chewing gum is mostly just for chewing and fresh breath. Bubble gum is made thicker so as to be able to blow bubbles with it. |
27,537 | jup72 | In an Autopsy, what part of a human body smells the worst? | The large intestine of someone with C. diff. | [
"The large intestine of someone with C. diff.",
"My anatomy specimens all smelled mainly of formalin, but the gall bladder retained a quite, well, piquant odour. It also tends to rupture after embalming, giving everything a disturbing green tinge.",
"I did a necropsy on a Mexican Wolf about a year ago and half ... | 10 | [
"The large intestine of someone with C. diff.",
"The large intestine of someone with C. diff."
] | 2 | <P> begin with a detailed elicitation of history. Then the doctor will ask for any related injuries in relation to anosmia which could include upper respiratory infections or head injury. Psychophysical Assessment of order and taste identification can be used to identify anosmia. A nervous system examination is perform... | question: In an Autopsy, what part of a human body smells the worst? context: <P> begin with a detailed elicitation of history. Then the doctor will ask for any related injuries in relation to anosmia which could include upper respiratory infections or head injury. Psychophysical Assessment of order and taste identific... | answer: The large intestine of someone with C. diff. |
174,591 | 3vsgwg | unlike other animals, why don't humans have a scheduled season to go into "heat"? | Humans are troupe primates. One way to keep the males close by is to be available for sex and possibly fertile most of the time. | [
"Humans are troupe primates. One way to keep the males close by is to be available for sex and possibly fertile most of the time. ",
"Iam guessing because the menustral cycle in humans is pretty much monthly (we are always in heat ?), unlike estrous cycle in other female mammals which can be once a year or twice ... | 4 | [
"Humans are troupe primates. One way to keep the males close by is to be available for sex and possibly fertile most of the time. "
] | 1 | <P> especially rodents, estivate in the summer, becoming more dormant. Some desert amphibians estivate underground for over a year at a time. Unlike hibernation, which leads to a state of torpor, estivation induces lethargy, and can go unnoticed in some animals if their body temperature is not measured. Protection from... | question: unlike other animals, why don't humans have a scheduled season to go into "heat"? context: <P> especially rodents, estivate in the summer, becoming more dormant. Some desert amphibians estivate underground for over a year at a time. Unlike hibernation, which leads to a state of torpor, estivation induces leth... | answer: Humans are troupe primates. One way to keep the males close by is to be available for sex and possibly fertile most of the time. |
62,883 | 7htned | hdmi and why devices are either only input or output. | A master/slave setup is much easier to implement than a fully bi-directional oneYour TV only needs to know how to take the HDMI signal and display it on the screen, it doesn't need to take a signal and figure out how to encode it for the destination screen. Since your TV is likely to be a display/slave device this is ... | [
"A master/slave setup is much easier to implement than a fully bi-directional one\n\nYour TV only needs to know how to take the HDMI signal and display it on the screen, it doesn't need to take a signal and figure out how to encode it for the destination screen. Since your TV is likely to be a display/slave device... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Peripheral Interface Adapter A Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA) is a peripheral integrated circuit providing parallel I/O interfacing for microprocessor systems. Description Common PIAs include the Motorola MC6820 and MC6821, and the MOS Technology MCS6520, all of which are functionally identical but have slightl... | question: hdmi and why devices are either only input or output. context: <P> Peripheral Interface Adapter A Peripheral Interface Adapter (PIA) is a peripheral integrated circuit providing parallel I/O interfacing for microprocessor systems. Description Common PIAs include the Motorola MC6820 and MC6821, and the MOS Tec... | answer: A master/slave setup is much easier to implement than a fully bi-directional oneYour TV only needs to know how to take the HDMI signal and display it on the screen, it doesn't need to take a signal and figure out how to encode it for the destination screen. Since your TV is likely to be a display/slave device ... |
133,046 | 364yjx | how come when my friends come to my house, they say it has a distinct smell that i don't notice, and i feel the same when i go to their house? am i really used to my homes smell. if i left my house for a long time and returned, would i notice the dustinct odor? | 1. Our brain filters out repetitive signals to keep from overloading and so we can focus on what is new / changing. For each of you, your homes have a repetitive odor which you no longer notice. 2. Yes, you are certainly used to it! 3. Yes, once you've "forgotten" your houses smell, you will notice it when you come ba... | [
"1. Our brain filters out repetitive signals to keep from overloading and so we can focus on what is new / changing. For each of you, your homes have a repetitive odor which you no longer notice. 2. Yes, you are certainly used to it! 3. Yes, once you've \"forgotten\" your houses smell, you will notice it when you ... | 1 | [
"1. Our brain filters out repetitive signals to keep from overloading and so we can focus on what is new / changing. For each of you, your homes have a repetitive odor which you no longer notice. 2. Yes, you are certainly used to it! 3. Yes, once you've \"forgotten\" your houses smell, you will notice it when you ... | 1 | <P> is due to the fact the object needs to be approached and carefully felt until a rough idea can be constructed in the brain. Smell Certain smells can be associated with specific areas and help a person with vision problems to remember a familiar area. This way there is a better chance of recognizing an area's layout... | question: how come when my friends come to my house, they say it has a distinct smell that i don't notice, and i feel the same when i go to their house? am i really used to my homes smell. if i left my house for a long time and returned, would i notice the dustinct odor? context: <P> is due to the fact the object needs... | answer: 1. Our brain filters out repetitive signals to keep from overloading and so we can focus on what is new / changing. For each of you, your homes have a repetitive odor which you no longer notice. 2. Yes, you are certainly used to it! 3. Yes, once you've "forgotten" your houses smell, you will notice it when you... |
220,022 | 3rzttf | Copy of an Egyptian hieroglyph on papyrus | While Ask Historians is not here to do homework for people, I think it's probably ok if I point you in the right direction to find more information on that item (the mods obviously will correct me if I'm wrong!)The scene on that souvenir there is taken from the wall of the tomb of Horemheb, a pharaoh of the 18th dynast... | [
"While Ask Historians is not here to do homework for people, I think it's probably ok if I point you in the right direction to find more information on that item (the mods obviously will correct me if I'm wrong!)\n\nThe scene on that souvenir there is taken from the wall of the tomb of Horemheb, a pharaoh of the 18... | 1 | [
"While Ask Historians is not here to do homework for people, I think it's probably ok if I point you in the right direction to find more information on that item (the mods obviously will correct me if I'm wrong!)\n\nThe scene on that souvenir there is taken from the wall of the tomb of Horemheb, a pharaoh of the 18... | 1 | <P> 'Şân Stele'). Another copy was found in 1881 by Gaston Maspero at Kom el-Hisn in the western Nile Delta. Later on, some other fragmentary copies were found. In March 2004, while excavating at Bubastis, the German-Egyptian 'Tell Basta Project' archaeologists discovered yet another well preserved copy of the Decree. ... | question: Copy of an Egyptian hieroglyph on papyrus context: <P> 'Şân Stele'). Another copy was found in 1881 by Gaston Maspero at Kom el-Hisn in the western Nile Delta. Later on, some other fragmentary copies were found. In March 2004, while excavating at Bubastis, the German-Egyptian 'Tell Basta Project' archaeologis... | answer: While Ask Historians is not here to do homework for people, I think it's probably ok if I point you in the right direction to find more information on that item (the mods obviously will correct me if I'm wrong!)The scene on that souvenir there is taken from the wall of the tomb of Horemheb, a pharaoh of the 18t... |
77,192 | 1em1gr | How did Kim Il-sung create a cult of personality in such short time. | This is one of the most compelling questions that people ask about North Korea, and it's one that's asked even by people who study the country professionally. While we'll never have all the answers, there are still a lot of plausible explanations for why North Korea became the nation it did, and why Kim il-Sung's perso... | [
"This is one of the most compelling questions that people ask about North Korea, and it's one that's asked even by people who study the country professionally. While we'll never have all the answers, there are still a lot of plausible explanations for why North Korea became the nation it did, and why Kim il-Sung's ... | 1 | [
"This is one of the most compelling questions that people ask about North Korea, and it's one that's asked even by people who study the country professionally. While we'll never have all the answers, there are still a lot of plausible explanations for why North Korea became the nation it did, and why Kim il-Sung's ... | 1 | <P> son. Kim Il-sung rejected the notion that he had created a cult around himself, and accused those who suggested this of "factionalism". Following the death of Kim Il-sung, North Koreans were prostrating and weeping to a bronze statue of him in an organized event; similar scenes were broadcast by state television fo... | question: How did Kim Il-sung create a cult of personality in such short time. context: <P> son. Kim Il-sung rejected the notion that he had created a cult around himself, and accused those who suggested this of "factionalism". Following the death of Kim Il-sung, North Koreans were prostrating and weeping to a bronze s... | answer: This is one of the most compelling questions that people ask about North Korea, and it's one that's asked even by people who study the country professionally. While we'll never have all the answers, there are still a lot of plausible explanations for why North Korea became the nation it did, and why Kim il-Sung... |
186,932 | b991nh | How did the medieval Western European states utilise Roman institutions and their legacy? | It's less about the IXth century, where it's hard to pinpoint a Roman institution in the strict sense, but on Barbarian kingdoms as they appeared in the Vth to VIth century, the VIIth century being arguably a period of important changes.Basically, Barbarian kingdoms in the Vth century largely inherited late imperial fe... | [
"It's less about the IXth century, where it's hard to pinpoint a Roman institution in the strict sense, but on Barbarian kingdoms as they appeared in the Vth to VIth century, the VIIth century being arguably a period of important changes.\n\nBasically, Barbarian kingdoms in the Vth century largely inherited late im... | 1 | [
"It's less about the IXth century, where it's hard to pinpoint a Roman institution in the strict sense, but on Barbarian kingdoms as they appeared in the Vth to VIth century, the VIIth century being arguably a period of important changes.\n\nBasically, Barbarian kingdoms in the Vth century largely inherited late im... | 1 | <P> provided for a clear distinction between civil and military offices, primarily to lessen the possibility of rebellion by over-powerful provincial governors. Under Justinian I, the process was partially reversed for provinces which were judged to be especially vulnerable or in internal disorder. Capitalizing upon th... | question: How did the medieval Western European states utilise Roman institutions and their legacy? context: <P> provided for a clear distinction between civil and military offices, primarily to lessen the possibility of rebellion by over-powerful provincial governors. Under Justinian I, the process was partially rever... | answer: It's less about the IXth century, where it's hard to pinpoint a Roman institution in the strict sense, but on Barbarian kingdoms as they appeared in the Vth to VIth century, the VIIth century being arguably a period of important changes.Basically, Barbarian kingdoms in the Vth century largely inherited late imp... |
146,714 | 250xte | At the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, it seems like pro-Imperialist forces were anti-modernization, what changed that allowed for the soon-after Meiji restoration? | This is always difficult to explain to students because the politics is so convoluted during this period (1853-1877).Best way I explain is this: Perry arrives. The shogunate understands that the West is strong and decides to open the country. The samurai who are not happy with this decision begin to complain and want... | [
"At the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate with the Meiji coup, the Meiji obligarch was not anti-modernization.\n\nIt was during earlier years (I believe in the earlier parts of the decade) that the key Meiji actors the Satsuma and Choshu were against foreign influences, however they were always focused on \"expelling ... | 2 | [
"This is always difficult to explain to students because the politics is so convoluted during this period (1853-1877).\n\nBest way I explain is this: Perry arrives. The shogunate understands that the West is strong and decides to open the country. The samurai who are not happy with this decision begin to complain... | 1 | <P> 1913, thousands of protesters rioted in Tokyo, threatening the Diet building, setting fire to police stations and vandalizing pro-government newspaper offices.
Support for Katsura in the Diet fell, and he lost a vote of no confidence, the first such occurrence in Japan. Katsura resigned on February 20, 1913, and wa... | question: At the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate, it seems like pro-Imperialist forces were anti-modernization, what changed that allowed for the soon-after Meiji restoration? context: <P> 1913, thousands of protesters rioted in Tokyo, threatening the Diet building, setting fire to police stations and vandalizing pro-go... | answer: This is always difficult to explain to students because the politics is so convoluted during this period (1853-1877).Best way I explain is this: Perry arrives. The shogunate understands that the West is strong and decides to open the country. The samurai who are not happy with this decision begin to complain ... |
198,369 | 3ih9d7 | I've seen lists of purported IQs of US Presidents. Is it actually possible to estimate the IQ of a historical figure? What is the process for doing this? | Absolutely not. An accurate IQ test requires several sessions of one on one time with a qualified psychologist, or at the bare minimum a well administered standardized IQ test. Most former presidents predate the existence of IQ tests and I don't think that the presidents that could have taken one ever had their resul... | [
"Absolutely not. \n\nAn accurate IQ test requires several sessions of one on one time with a qualified psychologist, or at the bare minimum a well administered standardized IQ test. Most former presidents predate the existence of IQ tests and I don't think that the presidents that could have taken one ever had th... | 5 | [
"Absolutely not. \n\nAn accurate IQ test requires several sessions of one on one time with a qualified psychologist, or at the bare minimum a well administered standardized IQ test. Most former presidents predate the existence of IQ tests and I don't think that the presidents that could have taken one ever had th... | 3 | <P> second Legion of Merit upon her retirement. Mercedes Cubria died on October 14, 1980 in her home in Miami, Florida.
In 1988, Cubria was posthumously inducted into the Military Intelligence Hall of Fame. The Military Intelligence Hall of Fame is a Hall of Fame established by the Military Intelligence Corps of the Un... | question: I've seen lists of purported IQs of US Presidents. Is it actually possible to estimate the IQ of a historical figure? What is the process for doing this? context: <P> second Legion of Merit upon her retirement. Mercedes Cubria died on October 14, 1980 in her home in Miami, Florida.
In 1988, Cubria was posthum... | answer: Absolutely not. An accurate IQ test requires several sessions of one on one time with a qualified psychologist, or at the bare minimum a well administered standardized IQ test. Most former presidents predate the existence of IQ tests and I don't think that the presidents that could have taken one ever had the... |
10,353 | gtq86 | This is probably a dumb question, but what form of matter is light? | Light is none of those.Light is made of photons, which are fundamental particles (completely separate from protons, electrons, neutrons). Photons are particles but also have wave-like properties, and were classically described as traveling electromagnetic waves.Photons are massless, never decay (as far as we know), an... | [
"Light isn't matter in any reasonable sense. It differs in many huge ways from matter, the most obvious being that it doesn't have any mass.",
"Light is none of those.\n\nLight is made of photons, which are fundamental particles (completely separate from protons, electrons, neutrons). Photons are particles but a... | 6 | [
"Light is none of those.\n\nLight is made of photons, which are fundamental particles (completely separate from protons, electrons, neutrons). Photons are particles but also have wave-like properties, and were classically described as traveling electromagnetic waves.\n\nPhotons are massless, never decay (as far as... | 4 | <P> well-defined, but "matter" can be defined in several ways. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and leptons. However, in both physics and chemistry, matter exhibits both wave-like and parti... | question: This is probably a dumb question, but what form of matter is light? context: <P> well-defined, but "matter" can be defined in several ways. Sometimes in the field of physics "matter" is simply equated with particles that exhibit rest mass (i.e., that cannot travel at the speed of light), such as quarks and le... | answer: Light is none of those.Light is made of photons, which are fundamental particles (completely separate from protons, electrons, neutrons). Photons are particles but also have wave-like properties, and were classically described as traveling electromagnetic waves.Photons are massless, never decay (as far as we k... |
189,682 | 1q3fur | why does computer overheating matter if silicon has such a high melting point? | Firstly transistors are heat sensitive. Meaning heat actually effects how they work. The properties of a transistor change as heat changes.This is a bit of an oversimplification and maybe someone with a bit more knowledge of the actual factors involved can clarify but: In a transistor you have three terminals. One of t... | [
"Firstly transistors are heat sensitive. Meaning heat actually effects how they work. The properties of a transistor change as heat changes.\n\nThis is a bit of an oversimplification and maybe someone with a bit more knowledge of the actual factors involved can clarify but:\n \nIn a transistor you have three termin... | 1 | [
"Firstly transistors are heat sensitive. Meaning heat actually effects how they work. The properties of a transistor change as heat changes.\n\nThis is a bit of an oversimplification and maybe someone with a bit more knowledge of the actual factors involved can clarify but:\n \nIn a transistor you have three termin... | 1 | <P> low and recombination becomes a major issue. The cutoff is so low they are even being proposed for indoor use, collecting energy for small devices from the lights in the house.
A practical advantage which DSSCs share with most thin-film technologies, is that the cell's mechanical robustness indirectly leads to high... | question: why does computer overheating matter if silicon has such a high melting point? context: <P> low and recombination becomes a major issue. The cutoff is so low they are even being proposed for indoor use, collecting energy for small devices from the lights in the house.
A practical advantage which DSSCs share w... | answer: Firstly transistors are heat sensitive. Meaning heat actually effects how they work. The properties of a transistor change as heat changes.This is a bit of an oversimplification and maybe someone with a bit more knowledge of the actual factors involved can clarify but: In a transistor you have three terminals. ... |
221,127 | 82fepp | what is happening mechanically different between a decent golfer and a world class competing professional golfer? why can they make their ball for so much further? | The faster you swing, the harder it is to hit the ball accurately. It takes practice and control to be able to hit the ball further *and* hit it where you want it to go.But distance is only part of the game. There is accuracy, there is knowing what club to use, and then there is the short game. Most holes are par 4 and... | [
"The faster you swing, the harder it is to hit the ball accurately. It takes practice and control to be able to hit the ball further *and* hit it where you want it to go.\n\nBut distance is only part of the game. There is accuracy, there is knowing what club to use, and then there is the short game. Most holes are ... | 1 | [
"The faster you swing, the harder it is to hit the ball accurately. It takes practice and control to be able to hit the ball further *and* hit it where you want it to go.\n\nBut distance is only part of the game. There is accuracy, there is knowing what club to use, and then there is the short game. Most holes are ... | 1 | <P> the design is that when the ball impacts with the face, the channel will "actively" flex and compress which will lead to lower spin off the face and higher ball speed. Clubs that don't have the channel tend to be more rigid and produce excess spin while losing ball speed. Customization The Titleist Drivers always f... | question: what is happening mechanically different between a decent golfer and a world class competing professional golfer? why can they make their ball for so much further? context: <P> the design is that when the ball impacts with the face, the channel will "actively" flex and compress which will lead to lower spin o... | answer: The faster you swing, the harder it is to hit the ball accurately. It takes practice and control to be able to hit the ball further *and* hit it where you want it to go.But distance is only part of the game. There is accuracy, there is knowing what club to use, and then there is the short game. Most holes are p... |
211,325 | 2g27zi | How come some medication comes in gel capsules while others are large, solid pills? | The most common reason is diffusion kinetics of the drug of interest. Liquids are processed by the body more quickly and the effect of the drug would then be noticed more quickly. If you want a fast acting drug, something like Nyquil, for example, then it's better to have it in gel form. For drugs that operate over a l... | [
"The most common reason is diffusion kinetics of the drug of interest. Liquids are processed by the body more quickly and the effect of the drug would then be noticed more quickly. If you want a fast acting drug, something like Nyquil, for example, then it's better to have it in gel form. For drugs that operate ove... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> 1.5 mm (0.059 in) blue pellets inside. Each capsule contains 100 mg and is usually taken twice a day at twelve-hour intervals. The Sporanox brand of itraconazole has been developed and marketed by Janssen Pharmaceutica, a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. The three-layer structure of these blue capsules is complex b... | question: How come some medication comes in gel capsules while others are large, solid pills? context: <P> 1.5 mm (0.059 in) blue pellets inside. Each capsule contains 100 mg and is usually taken twice a day at twelve-hour intervals. The Sporanox brand of itraconazole has been developed and marketed by Janssen Pharmace... | answer: The most common reason is diffusion kinetics of the drug of interest. Liquids are processed by the body more quickly and the effect of the drug would then be noticed more quickly. If you want a fast acting drug, something like Nyquil, for example, then it's better to have it in gel form. For drugs that operate ... |
158,351 | 3qrde5 | how are t-mobile's unlimited data categories hurting net neutrality? | It's good for consumers in the short term.What's bad about it is that it hurts the next startup streaming service.Suppose that tomorrow some new company comes out that offers something in-between Netflix and Hulu - maybe it's a bit more expensive, like $25/month, but it includes all major TV shows and movies rather tha... | [
"The idea of net neutrality is that you treat all internet data the same regardless of where it's coming from. Giving Netflix a free pass is hurting Netflix's competing services like Hulu or Amazon video, which are still likely subject to data caps. \n\nThe whole battle over net neutrality is based around not letti... | 2 | [
"The idea of net neutrality is that you treat all internet data the same regardless of where it's coming from. Giving Netflix a free pass is hurting Netflix's competing services like Hulu or Amazon video, which are still likely subject to data caps. \n\nThe whole battle over net neutrality is based around not letti... | 2 | <P> the future. Xplornet throttling complaints In 2014, Xplornet faced 12 complaints over the use of throttling technologies. However, the CRTC decided not to impose penalties due to the fact that Xplornet had disclosed its policies before pledging to fix the problem. Videotron's unlimited music service In April 2017, ... | question: how are t-mobile's unlimited data categories hurting net neutrality? context: <P> the future. Xplornet throttling complaints In 2014, Xplornet faced 12 complaints over the use of throttling technologies. However, the CRTC decided not to impose penalties due to the fact that Xplornet had disclosed its policies... | answer: It's good for consumers in the short term.What's bad about it is that it hurts the next startup streaming service.Suppose that tomorrow some new company comes out that offers something in-between Netflix and Hulu - maybe it's a bit more expensive, like $25/month, but it includes all major TV shows and movies ra... |
70,113 | 1x4bd5 | When I touch my finger to the audio jack of my speakers when they're turned on and the volume up to full, I hear the radio mixed in with static. What's going on? Is my body acting as a radio receiver? | Your body is acting as an antenna. The signal is being sent along to your speakers, which I assume are powered (contain an amplifier). If along that input path there is a rectifier, the circuit elements now exist to create an AM radio receiver. This is similar to the way early crystal radio receivers worked. This... | [
"Your body is acting as an antenna. The signal is being sent along to your speakers, which I assume are powered (contain an amplifier). If along that input path there is a rectifier, the circuit elements now exist to create an AM radio receiver. This is similar to the way early crystal radio receivers worked. \... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> combination of transmitters and receivers, including the accessory equipment, necessary at one location for carrying on a radio communication service, or the radio astronomy service. Each station shall be classified by the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily». Antennas A microphone is used to ca... | question: When I touch my finger to the audio jack of my speakers when they're turned on and the volume up to full, I hear the radio mixed in with static. What's going on? Is my body acting as a radio receiver? context: <P> combination of transmitters and receivers, including the accessory equipment, necessary at one l... | answer: Your body is acting as an antenna. The signal is being sent along to your speakers, which I assume are powered (contain an amplifier). If along that input path there is a rectifier, the circuit elements now exist to create an AM radio receiver. This is similar to the way early crystal radio receivers worked.... |
79,022 | 128mp4 | In JFK's Moon speech, what are the "other things" he speaks of that we will do? | [Full speech](_URL_1_)[Transcript](_URL_0_)And the relevant bit: > There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why, some say, the mo... | [
"[Full speech](_URL_1_)\n\n[Transcript](_URL_0_)\n\nAnd the relevant bit:\n\n > There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why,... | 2 | [
"[Full speech](_URL_1_)\n\n[Transcript](_URL_0_)\n\nAnd the relevant bit:\n\n > There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why,... | 2 | <P> 1960; but that speech has long since been forgotten, while Kennedy's is still remembered.
The speech did not stem a rising tide of disquiet about the Moon landing effort. There were many other things that the money could be spent on. Eisenhower declared, "To spend $40 billion to reach the Moon is just nuts." Senato... | question: In JFK's Moon speech, what are the "other things" he speaks of that we will do? context: <P> 1960; but that speech has long since been forgotten, while Kennedy's is still remembered.
The speech did not stem a rising tide of disquiet about the Moon landing effort. There were many other things that the money co... | answer: [Full speech](_URL_1_)[Transcript](_URL_0_)And the relevant bit: > There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation many never come again. But why, some say... |
107,421 | mrlp4 | How do you analyze a sample of something to find out what molecules are in it? | There is a fundamental difference here between finding out what molecules are in something (qualitative analysis) compared to finding out how much of various types of molecules are in something (quantitative analysis). In your question you have mixed the two, thus it is quite hard to answer. Both typs of analysis have ... | [
"Every element has a unique arrangement of electrons surrounding it. This set of electrons gives it a unique light signature. That is every element absorbs and emits a unique combination of colors and by vaporizing a material while passing light through it you can look into the material's signature. From that you c... | 10 | [
"As Dubanx says, the arrangement of electrons in a molecule dictate what frequencies of light it absorbs and emits. So if you shine a light through a sample while varying the frequency, and you see which frequencies are more strongly absorbed, you can match that to the absorption frequencies of known substances. Th... | 6 | <P> the molecule. Single-molecule experiments versus ensemble experiments When looking at data related to individual molecules, one usually can construct propagators, and jumping time probability density functions, of the first order, the second order and so on, whereas from bulk experiments, one usually obtains the de... | question: How do you analyze a sample of something to find out what molecules are in it? context: <P> the molecule. Single-molecule experiments versus ensemble experiments When looking at data related to individual molecules, one usually can construct propagators, and jumping time probability density functions, of the... | answer: There is a fundamental difference here between finding out what molecules are in something (qualitative analysis) compared to finding out how much of various types of molecules are in something (quantitative analysis). In your question you have mixed the two, thus it is quite hard to answer. Both typs of analys... |
115,123 | 2qwunu | Why is skin cancer more prevalent now than in ancient times? | Because tigers kill faster than skin cancer.Because cancer — any cancer, not just skin cancer — generally takes a long time to kill; cancer is a disorder of genetics, and takes several cumulative mutations before it manifests, and even then many cancers kill you relatively slowly. Life expectancy in ancient times was p... | [
"One thing that wasn't discussed before here and that is absolutely relevant to skin cancer: the artificial influence on the atmosphere and ozone layer increases the amount of radiation the human organism is exposed to. For example, basal cell carcinoma, the most common skin cancer and that is cleanly linked to UV ... | 3 | [
"Because tigers kill faster than skin cancer.\n\nBecause cancer — any cancer, not just skin cancer — generally takes a long time to kill; cancer is a disorder of genetics, and takes several cumulative mutations before it manifests, and even then many cancers kill you relatively slowly. Life expectancy in ancient ti... | 1 | <P> explained virtually all diseases, including arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancer, and mental illnesses.
An ancient concept that took modern form around 1900, focal infection theory was widely accepted in medicine by the 1920s. In the theory, the focus of infection might lead to secondary infections at sites particul... | question: Why is skin cancer more prevalent now than in ancient times? context: <P> explained virtually all diseases, including arthritis, atherosclerosis, cancer, and mental illnesses.
An ancient concept that took modern form around 1900, focal infection theory was widely accepted in medicine by the 1920s. In the the... | answer: Because tigers kill faster than skin cancer.Because cancer — any cancer, not just skin cancer — generally takes a long time to kill; cancer is a disorder of genetics, and takes several cumulative mutations before it manifests, and even then many cancers kill you relatively slowly. Life expectancy in ancient tim... |
203,803 | 1xbfao | why is it that sometimes i can feel my heart beat so strongly that it almost hurts but my blood pressure is always normal when i check it? | Are you feeling just a strong heartbeat, or a fast heartbeat? The latter can be some form of tachycardia (assuming you are not talking about when you are exercising). | [
"Are you feeling just a strong heartbeat, or a fast heartbeat? The latter can be some form of tachycardia (assuming you are not talking about when you are exercising)."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Hypertensive urgency A hypertensive urgency is a clinical situation in which blood pressure is very high (e.g., ≥180/≥110 mmHg) with minimal or no symptoms, and no signs or symptoms indicating acute organ damage. This contrasts with a hypertensive emergency where severe blood pressure is accompanied by evidence of ... | question: why is it that sometimes i can feel my heart beat so strongly that it almost hurts but my blood pressure is always normal when i check it? context: <P> Hypertensive urgency A hypertensive urgency is a clinical situation in which blood pressure is very high (e.g., ≥180/≥110 mmHg) with minimal or no symptoms, a... | answer: Are you feeling just a strong heartbeat, or a fast heartbeat? The latter can be some form of tachycardia (assuming you are not talking about when you are exercising). |
119,556 | c2zswq | It's well-established that the Soviet Union was not as good as the West in terms of producing consumer products, but were there any goods that the USSR was considered excellent at making? | & #x200B;I do know one thing they did do reasonably well was vacuum tubes, those current-controlled electronic devices known in England as "valves". The transistor came to dominate electronic design in the 1950's, and soon the soft warm glow of tubes in TV sets, phonographs and radios was replaced by solid state thing... | [
" & #x200B;\n\nI do know one thing they did do reasonably well was vacuum tubes, those current-controlled electronic devices known in England as \"valves\". The transistor came to dominate electronic design in the 1950's, and soon the soft warm glow of tubes in TV sets, phonographs and radios was replaced by solid ... | 3 | [
" & #x200B;\n\nI do know one thing they did do reasonably well was vacuum tubes, those current-controlled electronic devices known in England as \"valves\". The transistor came to dominate electronic design in the 1950's, and soon the soft warm glow of tubes in TV sets, phonographs and radios was replaced by solid ... | 2 | <P> meet at least six hundred different plan fulfillment figures. Socialist product requirements produced distorted black market consequences, such that broken light bulbs possessed significant market values in Eastern Bloc offices because a broken light bulb was required to be submitted before a new light bulb would b... | question: It's well-established that the Soviet Union was not as good as the West in terms of producing consumer products, but were there any goods that the USSR was considered excellent at making? context: <P> meet at least six hundred different plan fulfillment figures. Socialist product requirements produced distort... | answer: & #x200B;I do know one thing they did do reasonably well was vacuum tubes, those current-controlled electronic devices known in England as "valves". The transistor came to dominate electronic design in the 1950's, and soon the soft warm glow of tubes in TV sets, phonographs and radios was replaced by solid sta... |
114,629 | 3h7efu | how do new isp's start? | First, they have to get Internet connectivity. That's as easy as calling one of the major providers and paying for their connection.Next, they have to build whatever infrastructure they need to get that connectivity from their office to the customers. If it's wireline, they need to run cables all over the area, close t... | [
"First, they have to get Internet connectivity. That's as easy as calling one of the major providers and paying for their connection.\n\nNext, they have to build whatever infrastructure they need to get that connectivity from their office to the customers. If it's wireline, they need to run cables all over the area... | 1 | [
"First, they have to get Internet connectivity. That's as easy as calling one of the major providers and paying for their connection.\n\nNext, they have to build whatever infrastructure they need to get that connectivity from their office to the customers. If it's wireline, they need to run cables all over the area... | 1 | <P> Highway 1 (ISP) History 1994
Highway 1 established as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) based in Perth, Western Australia.
1997
Commencement of 56K Dialup services
Acquired Perth Internet Services Provider IAP, divesting IAP's Kalgoorlie based assets to Gold.net.au.
2000
Commencement of ADSL services
2007
Introduc... | question: how do new isp's start? context: <P> Highway 1 (ISP) History 1994
Highway 1 established as an Internet Service Provider (ISP) based in Perth, Western Australia.
1997
Commencement of 56K Dialup services
Acquired Perth Internet Services Provider IAP, divesting IAP's Kalgoorlie based assets to Gold.net.au.
2000
... | answer: First, they have to get Internet connectivity. That's as easy as calling one of the major providers and paying for their connection.Next, they have to build whatever infrastructure they need to get that connectivity from their office to the customers. If it's wireline, they need to run cables all over the area,... |
182,725 | 5ovkdy | Indian chariots and cavalry | I am a bit confused about your question, whether you're asking about chess or the value of chariots or if you're trying to compare them to mounted riders. Perhaps if you could clarify your question you may get better answers.I'd like to offer a comment on your chariot versus mounted rider comparison though. Chariots we... | [
"I am a bit confused about your question, whether you're asking about chess or the value of chariots or if you're trying to compare them to mounted riders. Perhaps if you could clarify your question you may get better answers.\n\nI'd like to offer a comment on your chariot versus mounted rider comparison though. Ch... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> so that chariots were no longer needed as the horses could carry men with ease. This greatly increased the mobility of the nomads; it also freed their hands, allowing them to use the bow from horseback.
Using small but powerful composite bows, the steppe people gradually became the most powerful military force in t... | question: Indian chariots and cavalry context: <P> so that chariots were no longer needed as the horses could carry men with ease. This greatly increased the mobility of the nomads; it also freed their hands, allowing them to use the bow from horseback.
Using small but powerful composite bows, the steppe people gradual... | answer: I am a bit confused about your question, whether you're asking about chess or the value of chariots or if you're trying to compare them to mounted riders. Perhaps if you could clarify your question you may get better answers.I'd like to offer a comment on your chariot versus mounted rider comparison though. Cha... |
179,049 | 1tey8y | Did Vikings capture and bring back enough 'beautiful' women to make Scandinavian women so attractive today? | There have many multiple studies on the genetic make-up of the Icelandic population over the years, this is an attractive laboratory for geneticists because of the relative isolation of Iceland as compared to other areas of Europe and because of the extensive written records on Icelandic genealogies which go back to th... | [
"There have many multiple studies on the genetic make-up of the Icelandic population over the years, this is an attractive laboratory for geneticists because of the relative isolation of Iceland as compared to other areas of Europe and because of the extensive written records on Icelandic genealogies which go back ... | 3 | [
"There have many multiple studies on the genetic make-up of the Icelandic population over the years, this is an attractive laboratory for geneticists because of the relative isolation of Iceland as compared to other areas of Europe and because of the extensive written records on Icelandic genealogies which go back ... | 2 | <P> King. Legacy King Valdemar's two wives play a prominent role in Danish ballads and myths – Queen Dagmar as the soft, pious and popular ideal wife and Queen Berengaria (Bengjerd) as the beautiful and haughty woman.
When Berengaria's grave was opened in 1885, they found her thick plait of hair, her finely formed skul... | question: Did Vikings capture and bring back enough 'beautiful' women to make Scandinavian women so attractive today? context: <P> King. Legacy King Valdemar's two wives play a prominent role in Danish ballads and myths – Queen Dagmar as the soft, pious and popular ideal wife and Queen Berengaria (Bengjerd) as the beau... | answer: There have many multiple studies on the genetic make-up of the Icelandic population over the years, this is an attractive laboratory for geneticists because of the relative isolation of Iceland as compared to other areas of Europe and because of the extensive written records on Icelandic genealogies which go ba... |
100,232 | 41hqf8 | aside from money, what's keeping me from buying a ton of gas and hoarding it until the price inevitably rises again? | Nothing. But that's what futures markets are for. | [
"Nothing. But that's what futures markets are for. ",
"Storage is expensive if you want to do it properly and legally. It's a giant potential safety and environmental hazard.\r\rOn top of that, it'll absorb water from the air and go bad.",
"Gasoline also has a shelf life; it will eventually ruin over time (requ... | 3 | [
"Nothing. But that's what futures markets are for. ",
"Storage is expensive if you want to do it properly and legally. It's a giant potential safety and environmental hazard.\r\rOn top of that, it'll absorb water from the air and go bad.",
"Gasoline also has a shelf life; it will eventually ruin over time (requ... | 3 | <P> Gas magazine as a source, Roberts wrote that "in the next five to ten years", if there were to be any large disruption in supply, "prices could easily be bid up past sixty dollars a barrel and kept there for months". In fact, prices passed the sixty-dollar mark as early as June 2005,
thirteen months after the book... | question: aside from money, what's keeping me from buying a ton of gas and hoarding it until the price inevitably rises again? context: <P> Gas magazine as a source, Roberts wrote that "in the next five to ten years", if there were to be any large disruption in supply, "prices could easily be bid up past sixty dollars ... | answer: Nothing. But that's what futures markets are for. |
213,827 | 5sp8l0 | What are these ancient artifacts and what were they used for? | Well, I've seen one of them on [here](_URL_0_), and is actually either a coin or a small weight used as a standard to weight other things against. Given that it appears to weigh around 250g, it's hard to believe that it was used as a kettlebell. I have no idea about the others... | [
"Well, I've seen one of them on [here](_URL_0_), and is actually either a coin or a small weight used as a standard to weight other things against. Given that it appears to weigh around 250g, it's hard to believe that it was used as a kettlebell. \n\nI have no idea about the others... "
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> worked cold or at low temperature. Those artifacts include, for example, a bead from the 5th millennium BC found in Iran and spear tips and ornaments from ancient Egypt and Sumer around 4000 BC.
These early uses appear to have been largely ceremonial or ornamental. Meteoritic iron is very rare, and the metal was p... | question: What are these ancient artifacts and what were they used for? context: <P> worked cold or at low temperature. Those artifacts include, for example, a bead from the 5th millennium BC found in Iran and spear tips and ornaments from ancient Egypt and Sumer around 4000 BC.
These early uses appear to have been la... | answer: Well, I've seen one of them on [here](_URL_0_), and is actually either a coin or a small weight used as a standard to weight other things against. Given that it appears to weigh around 250g, it's hard to believe that it was used as a kettlebell. I have no idea about the others... |
144,916 | 41szsx | We often hear that the US Gov't is inspired by the Roman Republic. Was there much thought given to having a position similar to the Tribune of the Plebs? | I'm afraid I don't know about what the Constitutional Convention considered. I don't even know if it's possible to know since the meetings were secret. One of the Americanists will have to come along for that. I do have a point to make about Roman stuff though.We do have an elected position with a veto - the preside... | [
"I'm afraid I don't know about what the Constitutional Convention considered. I don't even know if it's possible to know since the meetings were secret. One of the Americanists will have to come along for that. I do have a point to make about Roman stuff though.\n\nWe do have an elected position with a veto - th... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> after retirement). They were given the duties of full citizens in terms of liability to taxes and military service, but not all of the rights: most significantly, they had no right to vote.
Executive power in municipium was held by four annually elected officials, composed of two duumvirs and two aediles. Advisory ... | question: We often hear that the US Gov't is inspired by the Roman Republic. Was there much thought given to having a position similar to the Tribune of the Plebs? context: <P> after retirement). They were given the duties of full citizens in terms of liability to taxes and military service, but not all of the rights: ... | answer: I'm afraid I don't know about what the Constitutional Convention considered. I don't even know if it's possible to know since the meetings were secret. One of the Americanists will have to come along for that. I do have a point to make about Roman stuff though.We do have an elected position with a veto - the... |
84,460 | j3snf | how do electronics components work? | **An explanation as if you were 5:**Everything is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons have a special property called 'charge'. Protons are positive (+) and electrons are negative (-) in terms of charge. When protons and electrons come together, their charges cancel out and they like that.... | [
"**An explanation as if you were 5:**\n\nEverything is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons have a special property called 'charge'. Protons are positive (+) and electrons are negative (-) in terms of charge. When protons and electrons come together, their charges cancel out and they l... | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> Electronics Electronic devices and components An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system. Components are generally intended to be connected together, usually... | question: how do electronics components work? context: <P> Electronics Electronic devices and components An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system. Components a... | answer: **An explanation as if you were 5:**Everything is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and electrons have a special property called 'charge'. Protons are positive (+) and electrons are negative (-) in terms of charge. When protons and electrons come together, their charges cancel out and they li... |
214,253 | 8why1t | why is virginity something you “lose”, or else “take” from someone else? where did this idea originate? | Because historically female virginity was something quite valuable and losing it or having it taken from you was a major thing with all sorts of implication beyond just sex.People put a lot of worth into virginity because the physical aspect of it was something that could be actually verified. It being the first time y... | [
"I don't know the orgin, but I always thought about it as innocence. Like virginity and innocence are almost interchangeable. \n\n\"He took her innocennce\" \n\"He lost his innocence to the family dog\"",
"Isn't it because it was literally taken from girls, whether through arranged marriage, rape and pillage etc.... | 4 | [
"I don't know the orgin, but I always thought about it as innocence. Like virginity and innocence are almost interchangeable. \n\n\"He took her innocennce\" \n\"He lost his innocence to the family dog\"",
"Isn't it because it was literally taken from girls, whether through arranged marriage, rape and pillage etc.... | 4 | <P> giver of life becomes a symbol of keeping one another alive, of interdependence and of the interchange between male and female principle. <P> the Sabine Women, which may reflect the archaic custom of bride abduction. Romulus and his band of male immigrants were rejected conubium, the legal right to intermarriage, f... | question: why is virginity something you “lose”, or else “take” from someone else? where did this idea originate? context: <P> giver of life becomes a symbol of keeping one another alive, of interdependence and of the interchange between male and female principle. <P> the Sabine Women, which may reflect the archaic cus... | answer: Because historically female virginity was something quite valuable and losing it or having it taken from you was a major thing with all sorts of implication beyond just sex.People put a lot of worth into virginity because the physical aspect of it was something that could be actually verified. It being the firs... |
221,712 | 3yx35z | the impossible trinity of economics | Free movement of capital allows you to participate in the international economy, particularly the financial aspects of international trade. Restricting it will isolate your economy, reducing its potential growth by restricting the ability to work with investors and companies outside your country.You also asked about t... | [
"Free movement of capital allows you to participate in the international economy, particularly the financial aspects of international trade. Restricting it will isolate your economy, reducing its potential growth by restricting the ability to work with investors and companies outside your country.\n\nYou also aske... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> products, e.g. lowering the price of mushrooms to a level between the two first levels. For many products across the economy the same would happen if one assumes markets are competitive, people choose on the basis of self-interest, and there's no cost for shifting production. The Austrian school of economics While ... | question: the impossible trinity of economics context: <P> products, e.g. lowering the price of mushrooms to a level between the two first levels. For many products across the economy the same would happen if one assumes markets are competitive, people choose on the basis of self-interest, and there's no cost for shift... | answer: Free movement of capital allows you to participate in the international economy, particularly the financial aspects of international trade. Restricting it will isolate your economy, reducing its potential growth by restricting the ability to work with investors and companies outside your country.You also asked... |
121,065 | 5lf8ga | why is norton hated so much? what makes an antivirus/antimalware program good or bad anyway? | Nobody likes Norton because it is a resource hog that slows your computer down. It doesn't effectivly do it's job. Norton's CEO even admits that it only gets 40% of viruses at best. So why would people pay outrageous for a program that slows down their computer, and only does less than half the job. Stick with Microsof... | [
"Nobody likes Norton because it is a resource hog that slows your computer down. It doesn't effectivly do it's job. Norton's CEO even admits that it only gets 40% of viruses at best. So why would people pay outrageous for a program that slows down their computer, and only does less than half the job. Stick with Mic... | 25 | [
"Nobody likes Norton because it is a resource hog that slows your computer down. It doesn't effectivly do it's job. Norton's CEO even admits that it only gets 40% of viruses at best. So why would people pay outrageous for a program that slows down their computer, and only does less than half the job. Stick with Mic... | 6 | <P> (1989 sales) Santa Monica, California based company to Symantec for $70 million. Posner orchestrated the merger. Norton was given one-third of Symantec's stock, worth about $60 million, and a seat on Symantec's board of directors. The acquired company became a division of Symantec and was renamed Peter Norton Compu... | question: why is norton hated so much? what makes an antivirus/antimalware program good or bad anyway? context: <P> (1989 sales) Santa Monica, California based company to Symantec for $70 million. Posner orchestrated the merger. Norton was given one-third of Symantec's stock, worth about $60 million, and a seat on Syma... | answer: Nobody likes Norton because it is a resource hog that slows your computer down. It doesn't effectivly do it's job. Norton's CEO even admits that it only gets 40% of viruses at best. So why would people pay outrageous for a program that slows down their computer, and only does less than half the job. Stick with ... |
196,555 | 1koflv | During the American Civil War, was the importance of Gettysburg recognized immediately after the battle, or did it only become clear afterwards? | Well, I'd argue that Gettysburg isn't quite as important as it's portrayed. While it did halt Lee's invasion and provide a much-needed morale boost for both the Army of the Potomac and the northern war effort, it accomplished very little tactically and almost nothing strategically. That was partly due to Maj. Gen. Ge... | [
"Well, I'd argue that Gettysburg isn't quite as important as it's portrayed. While it did halt Lee's invasion and provide a much-needed morale boost for both the Army of the Potomac and the northern war effort, it accomplished very little tactically and almost nothing strategically. That was partly due to Maj. Ge... | 1 | [
"Well, I'd argue that Gettysburg isn't quite as important as it's portrayed. While it did halt Lee's invasion and provide a much-needed morale boost for both the Army of the Potomac and the northern war effort, it accomplished very little tactically and almost nothing strategically. That was partly due to Maj. Ge... | 1 | <P> by no means spells the end of the war or determines its outcome and the United States still has a lot of fight in it.
In this, the book takes an opposing view to the classic Bring the Jubilee published in 1953 - precisely fifty years before the present book - which assumes that a defeat in Gettysburg would have led... | question: During the American Civil War, was the importance of Gettysburg recognized immediately after the battle, or did it only become clear afterwards? context: <P> by no means spells the end of the war or determines its outcome and the United States still has a lot of fight in it.
In this, the book takes an opposin... | answer: Well, I'd argue that Gettysburg isn't quite as important as it's portrayed. While it did halt Lee's invasion and provide a much-needed morale boost for both the Army of the Potomac and the northern war effort, it accomplished very little tactically and almost nothing strategically. That was partly due to Maj.... |
141,821 | digy4u | During the French Revolution, did any other country think of invading France? | Revolutionary France was invaded, by a number of other nations looking to take advantage of the turmoil as well as to attempt a reversal of the revolutionary policies. Sometimes hostile action against revolutionary France came as a response to France's own aggressive manoeuvres.The principal examples of this are the in... | [
"Revolutionary France was invaded, by a number of other nations looking to take advantage of the turmoil as well as to attempt a reversal of the revolutionary policies. Sometimes hostile action against revolutionary France came as a response to France's own aggressive manoeuvres.\n\nThe principal examples of this a... | 1 | [
"Revolutionary France was invaded, by a number of other nations looking to take advantage of the turmoil as well as to attempt a reversal of the revolutionary policies. Sometimes hostile action against revolutionary France came as a response to France's own aggressive manoeuvres.\n\nThe principal examples of this a... | 1 | <P> Russia.
However, the German ultimatum of 31 July 1914 left the French with two options: either to accept the humiliation of accepting the ultimatum, which would be the effective end of France as an independent nation, or go to war with Germany. The American historian, Leonard Smith, together with the French histori... | question: During the French Revolution, did any other country think of invading France? context: <P> Russia.
However, the German ultimatum of 31 July 1914 left the French with two options: either to accept the humiliation of accepting the ultimatum, which would be the effective end of France as an independent nation, o... | answer: Revolutionary France was invaded, by a number of other nations looking to take advantage of the turmoil as well as to attempt a reversal of the revolutionary policies. Sometimes hostile action against revolutionary France came as a response to France's own aggressive manoeuvres.The principal examples of this ar... |
193,756 | 2smu6i | what makes hypoallergenic dogs/cats hypoallergenic? | The part that makes people allergic to cats is actually a protein (FEL D1) found in their saliva. When a cat licks herself, she deposits the protein on her skin, and when it dries off, the flakes become airborne and trigger symptoms of allergy in people. So, it's not the fur that's the issue, it's the dead skin.In shor... | [
"The part that makes people allergic to cats is actually a protein (FEL D1) found in their saliva. When a cat licks herself, she deposits the protein on her skin, and when it dries off, the flakes become airborne and trigger symptoms of allergy in people. So, it's not the fur that's the issue, it's the dead skin.\n... | 3 | [
"The part that makes people allergic to cats is actually a protein (FEL D1) found in their saliva. When a cat licks herself, she deposits the protein on her skin, and when it dries off, the flakes become airborne and trigger symptoms of allergy in people. So, it's not the fur that's the issue, it's the dead skin.\n... | 3 | <P> is wolf-like and its temperament is really territorial.
Specimens of this type have a height of 68–72 cm and their structure is not particularly robust. The Maiella type This type lies between the Aquilano and the Pescoconstanzo type with a structure similar to the Aquilano and the head resembling the Pescoconstan... | question: what makes hypoallergenic dogs/cats hypoallergenic? context: <P> is wolf-like and its temperament is really territorial.
Specimens of this type have a height of 68–72 cm and their structure is not particularly robust. The Maiella type This type lies between the Aquilano and the Pescoconstanzo type with a str... | answer: The part that makes people allergic to cats is actually a protein (FEL D1) found in their saliva. When a cat licks herself, she deposits the protein on her skin, and when it dries off, the flakes become airborne and trigger symptoms of allergy in people. So, it's not the fur that's the issue, it's the dead skin... |
169,184 | 1vm2fq | How much gold did a king or knight usually have? And how would that translate to wealth now? | This question is a little broad for a couple of reasons. 1. The wealth of kings or nobles was highly variable depending on location and time.2. The wealth of most nobles was tied to land ownership. The amount of actual liquid capital in a noble's fortune might be quite low.A more readily answered question might be "how... | [
"This question is a little broad for a couple of reasons. \n\n1. The wealth of kings or nobles was highly variable depending on location and time.\n2. The wealth of most nobles was tied to land ownership. The amount of actual liquid capital in a noble's fortune might be quite low.\n\nA more readily answered questio... | 2 | [
"This question is a little broad for a couple of reasons. \n\n1. The wealth of kings or nobles was highly variable depending on location and time.\n2. The wealth of most nobles was tied to land ownership. The amount of actual liquid capital in a noble's fortune might be quite low.\n\nA more readily answered questio... | 2 | <P> wealth appears to have been discouraged, this did not preclude the production of very fine decorated bronze, ivory and wooden works of art as well as exquisite jewellery, attested in archaeology.
Allegedly as part of the Lycurgan Reforms in the mid-8th century BC, a massive land reform had divided property into 9,0... | question: How much gold did a king or knight usually have? And how would that translate to wealth now? context: <P> wealth appears to have been discouraged, this did not preclude the production of very fine decorated bronze, ivory and wooden works of art as well as exquisite jewellery, attested in archaeology.
Allegedl... | answer: This question is a little broad for a couple of reasons. 1. The wealth of kings or nobles was highly variable depending on location and time.2. The wealth of most nobles was tied to land ownership. The amount of actual liquid capital in a noble's fortune might be quite low.A more readily answered question might... |
119,888 | 1uvf28 | Can you become addicted to placebo? | In the sense of a physical addiction I would have to say no. Physical dependence requires the drug to be integrated into the body (or change the body) to the point it can't function normally without it. Addiction comes from trying to avoid the withdrawal symptoms associated with physical dependence as taking more of th... | [
"In the sense of a physical addiction I would have to say no. Physical dependence requires the drug to be integrated into the body (or change the body) to the point it can't function normally without it. Addiction comes from trying to avoid the withdrawal symptoms associated with physical dependence as taking more ... | 1 | [
"In the sense of a physical addiction I would have to say no. Physical dependence requires the drug to be integrated into the body (or change the body) to the point it can't function normally without it. Addiction comes from trying to avoid the withdrawal symptoms associated with physical dependence as taking more ... | 1 | <P> for the placebo effect and indicates that any perceived benefit from using the Power Balance is due to the placebo effect. <P> either be a placebo or an old standard of therapy. <P> show its efficacy. <P> Reboxetine Major depressive disorder There has been much debate as to whether reboxetine is more efficacious th... | question: Can you become addicted to placebo? context: <P> for the placebo effect and indicates that any perceived benefit from using the Power Balance is due to the placebo effect. <P> either be a placebo or an old standard of therapy. <P> show its efficacy. <P> Reboxetine Major depressive disorder There has been much... | answer: In the sense of a physical addiction I would have to say no. Physical dependence requires the drug to be integrated into the body (or change the body) to the point it can't function normally without it. Addiction comes from trying to avoid the withdrawal symptoms associated with physical dependence as taking mo... |
154,756 | qukim | Why don't the veins in the inner elbow crease or pinch when you fold your arm? | Veins do crease and pinch shut. Venous blood-pressure is pretty low, and the walls of veins aren't reinforced like those of arteries. Doesn't really matter, though. Veins are the capacitive vessels of your body. The bulk of your blood is in veins at any given time. If you look at histological slides of veins an... | [
"Veins do crease and pinch shut. Venous blood-pressure is pretty low, and the walls of veins aren't reinforced like those of arteries. Doesn't really matter, though. Veins are the capacitive vessels of your body. The bulk of your blood is in veins at any given time. \n\nIf you look at histological slides of... | 5 | [
"Veins do crease and pinch shut. Venous blood-pressure is pretty low, and the walls of veins aren't reinforced like those of arteries. Doesn't really matter, though. Veins are the capacitive vessels of your body. The bulk of your blood is in veins at any given time. \n\nIf you look at histological slides of... | 5 | <P> the lateral side of the thigh as two layers, one superficial to and the other beneath this muscle; at the lower end of the muscle these two layers unite and form a strong band, having first received the insertion of the muscle.
This band is continued downward under the name of the iliotibial band and is attached to... | question: Why don't the veins in the inner elbow crease or pinch when you fold your arm? context: <P> the lateral side of the thigh as two layers, one superficial to and the other beneath this muscle; at the lower end of the muscle these two layers unite and form a strong band, having first received the insertion of th... | answer: Veins do crease and pinch shut. Venous blood-pressure is pretty low, and the walls of veins aren't reinforced like those of arteries. Doesn't really matter, though. Veins are the capacitive vessels of your body. The bulk of your blood is in veins at any given time. If you look at histological slides of ... |
25,655 | fnir5y | what exactly are buy backs and why are people against it? | Buyback is a mechanic used in many RPG's to buyback mistakenly sold items. Most people are against it because a) the sold items is usually of an earlier level 2) many times you have to pay more ducats than what you received for selling said item and III) many times you have to travel far and wide to buyback said item. | [
"Buyback is a mechanic used in many RPG's to buyback mistakenly sold items. Most people are against it because a) the sold items is usually of an earlier level 2) many times you have to pay more ducats than what you received for selling said item and III) many times you have to travel far and wide to buyback said i... | 2 | [] | 0 | <P> the simple fact that, as a business person or a sales person, one should always be the one to initiate calls before the customer expects them to instead of waiting for the customer to call as having to wait and call the person who wants to make the sale would annoy the customer and show him lack of interest on part... | question: what exactly are buy backs and why are people against it? context: <P> the simple fact that, as a business person or a sales person, one should always be the one to initiate calls before the customer expects them to instead of waiting for the customer to call as having to wait and call the person who wants to... | answer: Buyback is a mechanic used in many RPG's to buyback mistakenly sold items. Most people are against it because a) the sold items is usually of an earlier level 2) many times you have to pay more ducats than what you received for selling said item and III) many times you have to travel far and wide to buyback sai... |
162,676 | ff3tzs | how do polygraph tests differentiate honest nervousness and deceptive answers? | It can't. This is why they are not admissible in court. Polygraphs measure skin conductivity (sweat), heart rate, breathing, all of which are detectable signs of stress. There is no way to detect lies, and an individual can fool a polygraph by remaining entirely calm. | [
"It can't. This is why they are not admissible in court. \n\nPolygraphs measure skin conductivity (sweat), heart rate, breathing, all of which are detectable signs of stress. There is no way to detect lies, and an individual can fool a polygraph by remaining entirely calm.",
"Incredibly poorly. If you're nervous ... | 10 | [
"It can't. This is why they are not admissible in court. \n\nPolygraphs measure skin conductivity (sweat), heart rate, breathing, all of which are detectable signs of stress. There is no way to detect lies, and an individual can fool a polygraph by remaining entirely calm.",
"Incredibly poorly. If you're nervous ... | 7 | <P> distinguish those people with good traits who are responding factually from those distorting their answers in a positive direction.
When SDR cannot be eliminated, researchers may resort to evaluating the tendency and then control for it. A separate SDR measure must be administered together with the primary measure ... | question: how do polygraph tests differentiate honest nervousness and deceptive answers? context: <P> distinguish those people with good traits who are responding factually from those distorting their answers in a positive direction.
When SDR cannot be eliminated, researchers may resort to evaluating the tendency and t... | answer: It can't. This is why they are not admissible in court. Polygraphs measure skin conductivity (sweat), heart rate, breathing, all of which are detectable signs of stress. There is no way to detect lies, and an individual can fool a polygraph by remaining entirely calm. |
15,642 | 3vkf9g | I have a vague understanding of the requirements of Imperial Chinese civil service exams, but I've never seen an actual answer translated into English. Could anyone point me to a translated exam answer and provide some context to explain why this answer was good or bad? | I asked a similar question a year ago [here](_URL_0_) which has some actual questions with English translations courtesy of /u/xingfenzhen. | [
"I asked a similar question a year ago [here](_URL_0_) which has some actual questions with English translations courtesy of /u/xingfenzhen. "
] | 1 | [
"I asked a similar question a year ago [here](_URL_0_) which has some actual questions with English translations courtesy of /u/xingfenzhen. "
] | 1 | <P> assessment examinations held annually in March and September, candidates are required to apply for the examination in beginning of October(?-no later than one month-?) before the examination commence and application is open to public. However, after 2006, the examination will be held once only in March. Since the A... | question: I have a vague understanding of the requirements of Imperial Chinese civil service exams, but I've never seen an actual answer translated into English. Could anyone point me to a translated exam answer and provide some context to explain why this answer was good or bad? context: <P> assessment examinations he... | answer: I asked a similar question a year ago [here](_URL_0_) which has some actual questions with English translations courtesy of /u/xingfenzhen. |
129,957 | coupdu | why does flash player tell me to only allow it on sites i trust? how could runing something in flash be harmful to my computer? | Flash have had a lot of security holes that made it possible for a malicious flash program to access the rest of the computer. So you could use it to install software on your computer that could do in principle anything. There is likely more holes that is not fixed that can still be exploited. | [
"Flash have had a lot of security holes that made it possible for a malicious flash program to access the rest of the computer. So you could use it to install software on your computer that could do in principle anything. There is likely more holes that is not fixed that can still be exploited."
] | 1 | [
"Flash have had a lot of security holes that made it possible for a malicious flash program to access the rest of the computer. So you could use it to install software on your computer that could do in principle anything. There is likely more holes that is not fixed that can still be exploited."
] | 1 | <P> of the submission.
A significant number of security vulnerabilities in Chrome occur in the Adobe Flash Player. For example, the 2016 Pwn2Own successful attack on Chrome relied on four security vulnerabilities. Two of the vulnerabilities were in Flash, one was in Chrome, and one was in the Windows kernel. In 2016, G... | question: why does flash player tell me to only allow it on sites i trust? how could runing something in flash be harmful to my computer? context: <P> of the submission.
A significant number of security vulnerabilities in Chrome occur in the Adobe Flash Player. For example, the 2016 Pwn2Own successful attack on Chrome ... | answer: Flash have had a lot of security holes that made it possible for a malicious flash program to access the rest of the computer. So you could use it to install software on your computer that could do in principle anything. There is likely more holes that is not fixed that can still be exploited. |
94,671 | 10mmbs | x2- how can my hair hold curls and cowlicks? and how is it that when i get my hair wet and smooth out the curls and cowlicks, they stay down once it's dry? | You hair is made out of very tiny things called molecules. Those molecules are named amino acids. One of those tiny things, called cystein can stick to another of the same type. This is called disulfide-bond. This can break up if you heat it up, which is the reason curling irons work. | [
"You hair is made out of very tiny things called molecules. Those molecules are named amino acids. One of those tiny things, called cystein can stick to another of the same type. This is called disulfide-bond. This can break up if you heat it up, which is the reason curling irons work."
] | 1 | [] | 0 | <P> humidity, from the atmosphere. The moisture is then trapped against the epidermis or the shaft of the hair, depending on where the humectant is applied. Various humectants have different ways of behaving because they differ in water binding capacity at different humidities.
Humectants used in cosmetics include trie... | question: x2- how can my hair hold curls and cowlicks? and how is it that when i get my hair wet and smooth out the curls and cowlicks, they stay down once it's dry? context: <P> humidity, from the atmosphere. The moisture is then trapped against the epidermis or the shaft of the hair, depending on where the humectant ... | answer: You hair is made out of very tiny things called molecules. Those molecules are named amino acids. One of those tiny things, called cystein can stick to another of the same type. This is called disulfide-bond. This can break up if you heat it up, which is the reason curling irons work. |
122,964 | 3kqf5f | [Chemistry] Did some of the man made elements once exist but eventually decayed into Uranium or below? | Yes, the same processes that created heavy elements like uranium in supernovae likely also created elements/isotopes that aren't stable enough to be found in nature on Earth. We don't find them in nature because they decayed long ago.[Technetium has been discovered in the spectrum of some stars](_URL_0_). It has a half... | [
"Yes, the same processes that created heavy elements like uranium in supernovae likely also created elements/isotopes that aren't stable enough to be found in nature on Earth. We don't find them in nature because they decayed long ago.\n\n[Technetium has been discovered in the spectrum of some stars](_URL_0_). It h... | 2 | [
"Yes, the same processes that created heavy elements like uranium in supernovae likely also created elements/isotopes that aren't stable enough to be found in nature on Earth. We don't find them in nature because they decayed long ago.\n\n[Technetium has been discovered in the spectrum of some stars](_URL_0_). It h... | 1 | <P> of the extinct radionuclide Ti-44, a titanium isotope which is formed in abundance in Type II supernovae such as SN 1987A after rapid capture of eight alpha particles by Si-28, after the process of silicon burning normally begins, and prior to the supernova explosion. However, Ti-44 has a half-life of only 59 years... | question: [Chemistry] Did some of the man made elements once exist but eventually decayed into Uranium or below? context: <P> of the extinct radionuclide Ti-44, a titanium isotope which is formed in abundance in Type II supernovae such as SN 1987A after rapid capture of eight alpha particles by Si-28, after the process... | answer: Yes, the same processes that created heavy elements like uranium in supernovae likely also created elements/isotopes that aren't stable enough to be found in nature on Earth. We don't find them in nature because they decayed long ago.[Technetium has been discovered in the spectrum of some stars](_URL_0_). It ha... |
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