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In optics, a thin lens is a lens with a thickness (distance along the optical axis between the two surfaces of the lens) that is negligible compared to the radii of curvature of the lens surfaces. Lenses whose thickness is not negligible are sometimes called thick lenses. The thin lens approximation ignores optical eff... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) is a fluid state of carbon dioxide where it is held at or above its critical temperature and critical pressure. Carbon dioxide usually behaves as a gas in air at standard temperature and pressure (STP), or as a solid called dry ice when cooled and/or pressurised sufficiently. If the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In peripheral nuclear collisions at high energies one expects to obtain information on the electromagnetic production of leptons and mesons that are not accessible in electron–positron colliders due to their much smaller luminosities.Previous high-energy nuclear accelerator experiments have studied heavy-ion collisions... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In rotordynamics, the rigid rotor is a mechanical model of rotating systems. An arbitrary rigid rotor is a 3-dimensional rigid object, such as a top. To orient such an object in space requires three angles, known as Euler angles. A special rigid rotor is the linear rotor requiring only two angles to describe, for examp... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A node is a point along a standing wave where the wave has minimum amplitude. For instance, in a vibrating guitar string, the ends of the string are nodes. By changing the position of the end node through frets, the guitarist changes the effective length of the vibrating string and thereby the note played. The opposite... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen presented a scenario that involves preparing a pair of particles such that the quantum state of the pair is entangled, and then separating the particles to an arbitrarily large distance. The experimenter has a choice of possible measurements that can be performed on one of the particles. Wh... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A Thermochemical Equation is a balanced stoichiometric chemical equation that includes the enthalpy change, ΔH. In variable form, a thermochemical equation would look like this: A + B → CΔH = (±) #Where {A, B, C} are the usual agents of a chemical equation with coefficients and “(±) #” is a positive or negative numeric... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Electric simulation table usually achieve a frequency range up to 25 Hz with a maximum payload of around 500 kilograms. For higher payloads or frequencies hydraulic simulation tables are used. Low frequency hydraulic simulation tables can easily reach 0.1 Hz to 120 Hz and test payloads up to 100tons, while specialized ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Electron pairs are therefore considered lone pairs if two electrons are paired but are not used in chemical bonding. Thus, the number of electrons in lone pairs plus the number of electrons in bonds equals the number of valence electrons around an atom. Lone pair is a concept used in valence shell electron pair repulsi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The sodium and ammonium salts are more soluble in water whereas the rubidium and caesium salts are less so. KPF6 is a common laboratory source of the hexafluorophosphate anion, a non-coordinating anion that confers lipophilicity to its salts. These salts are often less soluble than the closely related tetrafluoroborate... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The Unit dummy force method provides a convenient means for computing displacements in structural systems. It is applicable for both linear and non-linear material behaviours as well as for systems subject to environmental effects, and hence more general than Castigliano's second theorem. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The cantilever method is an approximate method for calculating shear forces and moments developed in beams and columns of a frame or structure due to lateral loads. The applied lateral loads typically include wind loads and earthquake loads, which must be taken into consideration while designing buildings. The assumpti... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The common-ion effect refers to the decrease in solubility of an ionic precipitate by the addition to the solution of a soluble compound with an ion in common with the precipitate. This behaviour is a consequence of Le Chatelier's principle for the equilibrium reaction of the ionic association/dissociation. The effect ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Two parallel coherent linearly polarized waves will interfere in the same way as natural light. The two constituent orthogonal linearly polarized states of natural light cannot interfere to form a readily observable interference pattern, even if rotated into alignment (because they are incoherent).One may understand th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In statistical mechanics, the radial distribution function, (or pair correlation function) g ( r ) {\displaystyle g(r)} in a system of particles (atoms, molecules, colloids, etc.), describes how density varies as a function of distance from a reference particle. If a given particle is taken to be at the origin O, and i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In today's language, the law states that every point mass attracts every other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting the two points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.The equation for universal gravitation... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Tetraborane (systematically named arachno-tetraborane(10)) was the first boron hydride compound to be discovered. It was classified by Alfred Stock and Carl Massenez in 1912 and was first isolated by Stock. It has a relatively low boiling point at 18 °C and is a gas at room temperature. Tetraborane gas is foul smelling... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Diborane(2), also known as diborene, is an inorganic compound with the formula B2H2. The number 2 in diborane(2) indicates the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to the boron complex. There are other forms of diborane with different numbers of hydrogen atoms, including diborane(4) and diborane(6). Diborane(2) is a highly ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Some models feature power-take-off (PTO)-driven vibrating devices. The typical spacing is 76–100 cm (30–39 in) between shanks. Shanks should be able to reach 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) below the deepest compacted layer. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A rigid chain actuator, known variously as a linear chain actuator, push-pull chain actuator, electric chain actuator or column-forming chain actuator, is a specialized mechanical linear actuator used in window operating, push-pull material handling and lift applications. The actuator is a chain and pinion device that ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A toaster is a small electric appliance that uses radiant heat to brown sliced bread into toast. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Appliance plugs were also used to supply power to electric toasters, electric coffee percolators, electric frypans, and many other appliances. An appliance plug is to some degree heat resistant, but the maximum working temperature varied from manufacturer to manufacturer and even from batch to batch. The mains connecto... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This implies kx = ωt, and so v = x / t = ω / k. Formally, we let the phase φ = kx - ωt and see immediately that ω = -dφ / dt and k = dφ / dx. So, it immediately follows that ∂ x ∂ t = − ∂ ϕ ∂ t ∂ x ∂ ϕ = ω k . {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial x}{\partial t}}=-{\frac {\partial \phi }{\partial t}}{\frac {\partial x}{\part... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Cesium hydroxide fusion at 750°C produces complete dissolution of glass pellets.Due to its high reactivity, caesium hydroxide is extremely hygroscopic. Laboratory caesium hydroxide is typically a hydrate. It is an anisotropic etchant of silicon, exposing octahedral planes. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula z+. The solvation number, n, determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li+ and Be2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table. Lanthanide and actinide aqua ions have higher solvation nu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This is the pressure change at constant volume due to the temperature difference between T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} and T {\displaystyle T} . Thus, it is the pressure change along an isochore of the material. The thermal pressure γ v {\displaystyle \gamma _{v}} is customarily expressed in its simple form as | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In thermodynamics, thermal pressure (also known as the thermal pressure coefficient) is a measure of the relative pressure change of a fluid or a solid as a response to a temperature change at constant volume. The concept is related to the Pressure-Temperature Law, also known as Amontons's law or Gay-Lussac's law.In ge... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Warm solutions of potassium chlorate and ammonium bitartrate are needed. The latter can be synthesized by adding aqueous ammonia to an excess of tartaric acid. Then, a double displacement reaction will result in precipitation of ammonium chlorate. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The Schlenk equilibrium, named after its discoverer Wilhelm Schlenk, is a chemical equilibrium taking place in solutions of Grignard reagents and Hauser bases 2 RMgX ⇌ MgX2 + MgR2The process described is an equilibrium between two equivalents of an alkyl or aryl magnesium halide on the left of the equation and on the r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In the FRM, the reaction whose time is minimum on the event list is advanced. In the event list, the tentative times for all possible reactions are stored. After the selection of one event, the system time is advanced to the reaction time, and the event list is recalculated. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
T-1123 is a quaternary ammonium ion. A phenyl carbamate ester is bonded in the meta position to the nitrogen on a diethylmethyl amine. The chloride and methylsulfate salt of T-1123 is TL-1299 and TL-1317, respectively. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The hexahydrate has Pa3 cubic structure.Various double amides containing nickel clusters have been made using liquid ammonia as a solvent. Substances made include red Li3Ni4(NH2)11·NH3 (Pna21; Z = 4; a = 16.344(3) Å; b = 12.310(2) Å; c = 8.113(2) Å v=1631 D=1.942), and Cs2Ni(NH2)4•NH3 (P21/c; Z = 4; a =9.553(3) Å; b = ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Quantity preserving one-to-one correspondences are the well-known equations Cº = (5/9)*(Fº − 32) and Fº = (9/5)*(Cº) + 32. Units of measure are not limited to physical categories. Examples of physical categories are: linear measure, area, volume, mass, velocity, time duration. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The liner's speed at the time was 24 knots (12 m/s) and the draft was 32 feet (9.8 m). The rock upon which the vessel grounded was an uncharted shoal later determined to be 34.5 feet (10.5 m), which should have given her room to spare, were it not for the "squat effect." U.S. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Lead(II) thiocyanate is a compound, more precisely a salt, with the formula Pb(SCN)2. It is a white crystalline solid, but will turn yellow upon exposure to light. It is slightly soluble in water and can be converted to a basic salt (Pb(CNS)2·Pb(OH)2 when boiled. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
One explanation is that tangled magnetic fields are organised to aim two diametrically opposing beams away from the central source by angles only several degrees wide (c. > 1%). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The compound 3-nitrobenzyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula C7H7NO3. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Platinum(IV) chloride is the inorganic compound of platinum and chlorine with the empirical formula PtCl4. This brown solid features platinum in the 4+ oxidation state. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum chloride is a metal phosphine complex with the formula PtCl22. Cis- and trans isomers are known. The cis isomer is a white crystalline powder, while the trans isomer is yellow. Both isomers are square planar about the central platinum atom. The cis isomer is used primarily as a reagent f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The Hofmeister series or lyotropic series is a classification of ions in order of their lyotrophic properties, which is the ability to salt out or salt in proteins. The effects of these changes were first worked out by Franz Hofmeister, who studied the effects of cations and anions on the solubility of proteins.Hofmeis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In geometry, the napkin-ring problem involves finding the volume of a "band" of specified height around a sphere, i.e. the part that remains after a hole in the shape of a circular cylinder is drilled through the center of the sphere. It is a counterintuitive fact that this volume does not depend on the original sphere... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Calcium arsenate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca3(AsO4)2. A colourless salt, it was originally used as a pesticide and as a germicide. It is highly soluble in water, in contrast to lead arsenate, which makes it more toxic. The minerals rauenthalite Ca3(AsO4)2·10H2O and phaunouxite Ca3(AsO4)2·11H2O are hyd... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA) is an arsenic-based herbicide. It is an organo-arsenate; less toxic than the inorganic form of arsenates. However, the EPA states that all forms of arsenic are a serious risk to human health and the United States' Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ranked arsenic as numbe... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The process is described in considerable detail in the book, The Alkali Industry, by J.R. Partington,D.Sc. The common method to manufacture chlorine at the time, was to react manganese dioxide (and related oxides) with hydrochloric acid to give chlorine: MnO2 + 4 HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2OWeldon's contribution was to dev... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The device uses falling water to generate voltage differences by electrostatic induction occurring between interconnected, oppositely charged systems. This eventually leads to an electric arc discharging in the form of a spark. It is used in physics education to demonstrate the principles of electrostatics. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Theoretically, it can occur only in nuclei somewhat heavier than nickel (element 28), where the overall binding energy per nucleon is no longer a maximum and the nuclides are therefore unstable toward spontaneous fission-type processes. In practice, this mode of decay has only been observed in nuclides considerably hea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A multimeter (also known as a volt-ohm-milliammeter, volt-ohmmeter or VOM) is a measuring instrument that can measure multiple electrical properties. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, resistance, and current, in which case can be used as a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter. Some feature the measurement of additi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Periodic acid ( per-eye-OD-ik) is the highest oxoacid of iodine, in which the iodine exists in oxidation state +7. It can exist in two forms: orthoperiodic acid, with the chemical formula H5IO6, and metaperiodic acid, which has the formula HIO4. Periodic acid was discovered by Heinrich Gustav Magnus and C. F. Ammermüll... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Iron(III) iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula FeI3. It is a thermodynamically unstable compound that is difficult to prepare. Nevertheless, iron(III) iodide has been synthesised in small quantities in the absence of air and water. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Metal expansion joints (also called compensators) are compensating elements for thermal expansion and relative movement in pipelines, containers and machines. They consist of one or more metal bellows, connectors at both ends, and tie rods that depend on the application. They are differentiated according to the three b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In physics, action is a scalar quantity describing how the energy of a physical system has changed over time (its dynamics). Action is significant because the equations of motion of the system can be derived through the principle of stationary action. In the simple case of a single particle moving with a constant veloc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Nosing is the horizontal, protruding edge of a stair where most foot traffic frequently occurs. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Now South is able to play the ♠K and lead the ♥K, putting West on lead with only the ♠Q remaining in hand. The name stepping-stone alludes to South's use of West's ♥A to cross over to the abandoned ♠A. This squeeze would work equally well with the East and West hands reversed. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In chemistry, a solution is a special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances. In such a mixture, a solute is a substance dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. If the attractive forces between the solvent and solute particles are greater than the attractive forces holding the solute... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Space travel under constant acceleration is a hypothetical method of space travel that involves the use of a propulsion system that generates a constant acceleration rather than the short, impulsive thrusts produced by traditional chemical rockets. For the first half of the journey the propulsion system would constantl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The structure is a planar symmetric octagon stabilized by resonance, meaning each atom bears a charge of −1/4. The length of the bond between carbon atoms is 1.432 Å. There are 10 π electrons. The structure can serve as a ligand with various metals. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In geometry, the circumcenter of mass is a center associated with a polygon which shares many of the properties of the center of mass. More generally, the circumcenter of mass may be defined for simplicial polytopes and also in the spherical and hyperbolic geometries. In the special case when the polytope is a quadrila... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In analytical mechanics, the mass matrix is a symmetric matrix M that expresses the connection between the time derivative q ˙ {\displaystyle \mathbf {\dot {q}} } of the generalized coordinate vector q of a system and the kinetic energy T of that system, by the equation T = 1 2 q ˙ T M q ˙ {\displaystyle T={\frac {1}{2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A rippled but locally smooth surface such as water with waves will reflect the sun at different angles at each point on the surface of the waves. As a result, a viewer in the right position will see many small images of the sun, formed by portions of waves that are oriented correctly to reflect the sun's light to the v... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Copper(I) t-butoxide is an alkoxide of copper(I). It is a white sublimable solid. It is a reagent in the synthesis of other copper compounds.The compound was originally obtained by salt metathesis from lithium tert-butoxide and copper(I) chloride. An octameric form was obtained by alcoholysis of mesitylcopper: 8 CuC6H2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In acoustics, loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure. More formally, it is defined as the "attribute of auditory sensation in terms of which sounds can be ordered on a scale extending from quiet to loud". The relation of physical attributes of sound to perceived loudness consists of physical, physiolog... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In geometry, the positive and negative Voronoi poles of a cell in a Voronoi diagram are certain vertices of the diagram. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Where the quantity decreases in response to a step-decrease in the motive force that changes it, the curve is mirrored in the time-axis and may be referred to as exponential decay. The concept of half time is used in diving physiology where body tissues take up and release inert gases (usually nitrogen) following chang... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Many colder countries consume more energy for heating than for supplying electricity. For example, in 2005 the United Kingdom consumed 354 TWh of electric power, but had a heat requirement of 907 TWh, the majority of which (81%) was met using gas. The residential sector alone consumed 550 TWh of energy for heating, mai... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Since the incident electron should have enough energy to excite this vibration, there is a minimum energy that is the onset of this (inelastic) process. This is shown in the middle figure, where the lower dashed line is a vibronic state. This minimum energy for the electron corresponds with a minimum bias voltage, whic... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Dyson's transform is a fundamental technique in additive number theory. It was developed by Freeman Dyson as part of his proof of Mann's theorem,: 17 is used to prove such fundamental results of Additive Number Theory as the Cauchy-Davenport theorem, and was used by Olivier Ramaré in his work on the Goldbach conjecture... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In chemical kinetics, the pre-exponential factor or A factor is the pre-exponential constant in the Arrhenius equation (equation shown below), an empirical relationship between temperature and rate coefficient. It is usually designated by A when determined from experiment, while Z is usually left for collision frequenc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
As a result, the unambiguous definition of an average Lagrangian velocity and Stokes drift velocity, which can be attributed to a certain fixed position, is by no means a trivial task. However, such an unambiguous description is provided by the Generalized Lagrangian Mean (GLM) theory of Andrews and McIntyre in 1978.Th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This article uses the classical treatment of tensors and Einstein summation convention throughout and the Minkowski metric has the form diag(+1, −1, −1, −1). Where the equations are specified as holding in a vacuum, one could instead regard them as the formulation of Maxwell's equations in terms of total charge and cur... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Communicating vessels or vases are a set of containers containing a homogeneous fluid and connected sufficiently far below the top of the liquid: when the liquid settles, it balances out to the same level in all of the containers regardless of the shape and volume of the containers. If additional liquid is added to one... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Accurate calculations of chemical equilibrium for real gases should use the fugacity rather than the pressure. The thermodynamic condition for chemical equilibrium is that the total chemical potential of reactants is equal to that of products. If the chemical potential of each gas is expressed as a function of fugacity... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
All common electrical conductors have some resistance to the flow of electricity. Electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats conductors. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In a cellular automaton, a gun is a pattern with a main part that repeats periodically, like an oscillator, and that also periodically emits spaceships. There are then two periods that may be considered: the period of the spaceship output, and the period of the gun itself, which is necessarily a multiple of the spacesh... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Junction temperature, short for transistor junction temperature, is the highest operating temperature of the actual semiconductor in an electronic device. In operation, it is higher than case temperature and the temperature of the part's exterior. The difference is equal to the amount of heat transferred from the junct... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
"Color corrected" mercury bulbs overcome this problem with a phosphor on the inside of the outer bulb that emits at the red wavelengths, offering whiter light and better color rendition. Mercury vapor lights operate at an internal pressure of around one atmosphere and require special fixtures, as well as an electrical ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Ray transfer matrix analysis (also known as ABCD matrix analysis) is a mathematical form for performing ray tracing calculations in sufficiently simple problems which can be solved considering only paraxial rays. Each optical element (surface, interface, mirror, or beam travel) is described by a 2×2 ray transfer matrix... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A double-track railway usually involves running one track in each direction, compared to a single-track railway where trains in both directions share the same track. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Iron(II) carbonate, or ferrous carbonate, is a chemical compound with formula FeCO3, that occurs naturally as the mineral siderite. At ordinary ambient temperatures, it is a green-brown ionic solid consisting of iron(II) cations Fe2+ and carbonate anions CO2−3. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Lead(II) carbonate is the chemical compound with the chemical formula PbCO3. It is a white solid with several practical uses, despite its toxicity. It occurs naturally as the mineral cerussite. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
A cylindrical lens is a lens which focuses light into a line instead of a point, as a spherical lens would. The curved face or faces of a cylindrical lens are sections of a cylinder, and focus the image passing through it into a line parallel to intersection of the surface of the lens and a plane tangent to it along th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Peroxymonosulfuric acid, H2SO5, is also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid, or Caro's acid. In this acid, the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula HO–O–S(O)2–OH. It is one of the strongest oxidants known (E0 = +2.51 V) and is highly explos... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
An organic acid is an organic compound with acidic properties. The most common organic acids are the carboxylic acids, whose acidity is associated with their carboxyl group –COOH. Sulfonic acids, containing the group –SO2OH, are relatively stronger acids. Alcohols, with –OH, can act as acids but they are usually very w... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The wire used can be as small as 15 µm in diameter—such that several welds could fit across the width of a human hair. A person upon first seeing a ball bonder will usually compare its operation to that of a sewing machine. In fact there is a needle-like disposable tool called the capillary, through which the wire is f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In thermodynamics, work is defined as the energy moving from the system (the internal region) to the surroundings (the external region) during a given process. All physical and chemical systems in the universe follow the second law of thermodynamics and proceed in a downhill, i.e., exergonic, direction. Thus, left to i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In thermodynamic equilibrium, a necessary condition for stability is that pressure P {\displaystyle P} does not increase with volume V {\displaystyle V} . This basic consistency requirement—and similar ones for other conjugate pairs of variables—are sometimes violated in analytic models for first order phase transition... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
This is for example the case for electrons in a typical metal at T = 300 K, where the electron gas obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics, or in a Bose–Einstein condensate. On the other hand, for i.e., when the interparticle distance is much larger than the thermal de Broglie wavelength, the gas will obey Maxwell–Boltzmann stati... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Boundary friction occurs when a surface is at least partially wet, but not so lubricated that there is no direct friction between two surfaces. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The term specific heat may also refer to the ratio between the specific heat capacities of a substance at a given temperature and of a reference substance at a reference temperature, such as water at 15 °C; much in the fashion of specific gravity. Specific heat capacity is also related to other intensive measures of he... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Chlorine and oxygen can bond in many ways: chlorine monoxide, ClO, chlorine (II) oxide chlorine peroxide, Cl2O2, dimer of chlorine (II) oxide chlorine dioxide, ClO2, chlorine (IV) oxide chloroperoxyl, ClOO chlorine trioxide, ClO3, chlorine (VI) oxide dichlorine monoxide, Cl2O, chlorine (I) oxide Three dichlorine dioxid... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The carbonite ion is the double ionized ion of dihydroxymethylidene, with the chemical formula: CO2−2. Alkali metal salts, Li2CO2, K2CO2, Rb2CO2 and Cs2CO2, have been observed at 15 K. Interestingly, sodium does not form a carbonite. Due to the lone pair on the carbon atom, salts of the carbonite ion would be protonate... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Cedar wood is a popular choice. Plastic potting benches are cheaper and, for those who can afford it, there is teak. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The molecular formula CH2O3 (molar mass: 62.02 g/mol, exact mass: 62.0004 u) may refer to: Carbonic acid Performic acid (PFA) | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Addition reactions are also encountered in polymerizations and called addition polymerization. Depending on the product structure, it could promptly react further to eject a leaving group to give the addition–elimination reaction sequence. Addition reactions are useful in analytic chemistry, as they can identify the ex... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
If there are two or more orientations that can be generated during a reaction, one of them is dominant (e.g., Markovnikov/anti-Markovnikov addition across a double bond) Regioselectivity can also be applied to specific reactions such as addition to pi ligands. Selectivity also occurs in carbene insertions, for example ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In physics and geometry, a catenary (US: , UK: ) is the curve that an idealized hanging chain or cable assumes under its own weight when supported only at its ends in a uniform gravitational field. The catenary curve has a U-like shape, superficially similar in appearance to a parabola, which it is not. The curve appea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Rope statics describes catenaries in a classic statics problem involving a hanging rope.Mathematically, the catenary curve is the graph of the hyperbolic cosine function. The surface of revolution of the catenary curve, the catenoid, is a minimal surface, specifically a minimal surface of revolution. A hanging chain wi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
In continuum mechanics, Whitham's averaged Lagrangian method – or in short Whitham's method – is used to study the Lagrangian dynamics of slowly-varying wave trains in an inhomogeneous (moving) medium. The method is applicable to both linear and non-linear systems. As a direct consequence of the averaging used in the m... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Ferrocyanide is the name of the anion 4−. Salts of this coordination complex give yellow solutions. It is usually available as the salt potassium ferrocyanide, which has the formula K4Fe(CN)6. 4− is a diamagnetic species, featuring low-spin iron(II) center in an octahedral ligand environment. Although many salts of cya... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. When the solution contains more than 86% HNO3, it is referred to as fuming nitric acid. Depending on the amount of nitrogen dioxide present, fuming nitric acid is further characterized as red fuming nitric acid at concentrations above 86%, or ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
The result is that the spring-pulley system can produce a fairly constant tension in the cable over a large range of movement. The almost constant force exerted by an iso-elastic system is employed in the armature of a steadicam, to counteract the constant force of gravity on the camera's and mount's mass. The result i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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