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hot site storage : cloud service in which mission-critical data are stored in one location where the organization can have immediate access to the data
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
hybrid cloud : combination of public and private models that can be combined with on-premise infrastructure
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
infrastructure : facility and system used to support an organization’s operations
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) : cloud services deployment model that involves delivery of infrastructure resources, such as networking and storage
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
market share : sales a company has in its industry, usually calculated as a percentage
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
migration strategy : plan an organization will follow to move to the cloud
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
mission-critical platform : an application or program that will cause a financial burden if there is a loss of service
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
network engineer : person with the skill to design, implement, and manage a network in support of an organization’s mission
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
network-attached storage (NAS) : cloud service–provided storage system that is flexible and attaches to an organization’s network infrastructure
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture : federal standard that can provide direction for an organization in the selection process, industry definitions, and components of a cloud architecture
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
on-premise environment : physical hardware, such as servers, network equipment, workstations, and network infrastructure
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
ongoing cost : expense for day-to-day operations
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
open-source software : free software that is available for use and modification without licensing
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
Platform as a Service (PaaS) : cloud services deployment model that involves management of the software and hardware resources for the purpose of development
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
private cloud : infrastructure dedicated to a single organization
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
public cloud : infrastructure that provides services in an on-demand environment
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
request for proposal : documentation of the details of a project, including the information technology resources that might be needed, in order to support the bidding process to get a fair price
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
request for quote : process for determining the pricing of information technology resources based on the organization’s understanding of what is needed
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
return on investment (ROI) : metric that determines the value of an investment
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
scalability : ability of a resource to be scaled up or down with minimal effort
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
Security as a Service (SECaaS) : cybersecurity service that a cloud provider offers to protect cloud consumers
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
service-level agreement (SLA) : document that outlines levels of service that a cloud provider assures the cloud consumer they will receive
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
Software as a Service (SaaS) : cloud services deployment model that involves delivery of applications in the cloud
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
software-defined network (SDN) : network that uses software for traffic management in programmable controllers and interfaces
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
storage-area network (SAN) : network that provides high-speed connectivity to a storage environment
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
supply chain management (SCM) : optimization of an organization's production and distribution of goods and services
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
system administrator : person who manages and maintains the information technology and information systems resources for an organization
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
Testing as a Service (TaaS) : service that cloud providers have built to outsource testing of software, application, and other components that would normally be performed in the organization
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
total cost of ownership : investment in a product for the lifetime of the product
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
up-front cost : expense for services before delivery
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
virtualization : service in which a physical computer environment creates a simulated computer environment
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms
On-premise IS resources provide organizations with systems that are managed and maintained by the IS staff of the organization.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Cloud computing has introduced a means by which organizations can provide services to their customers through the internet.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Cloud computing provides constant access through the internet to any device from any location.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Cloud computing maximizes resource use through the implementation of virtualization software, which adds scalability and elasticity for the cloud consumer.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
There are numerous IS positions available in cloud computing, such as network engineers, system administrators, and cybersecurity specialists.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Cloud computing incorporates a delivery model to allow consumers to build the cloud computing environment that will best handle their computing needs. Those delivery models are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Cloud computing has a deployment model that enables the cloud consumer to build an environment structure that meets business strategies. The deployment models are community, private, public, and hybrid.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Cloud computing offers consumers flexibility, scalability, and pricing variations based on usage.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
The cost factor of cloud computing versus on-premise environments should be evaluated before organizations enter any contracts.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Each cloud provider is different, and the services they offer differ based on their customer profiles.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Technology used in cloud-based computing, such as SDNs, virtualization, and storage-area networks, provides some of the functionalities offered to cloud consumers.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
To properly migrate to cloud-based computing, organizations must determine what migration tools are needed to complete the move to the cloud infrastructure.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Security of the data is essential when it comes to migrating to a cloud-based platform. Security frameworks such as NIST and the CIA triad will help with the process before, during, and after.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Organizations need to identify a cybersecurity framework that maximizes the protection of their data.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Organizations need a variety of cloud computing applications and must choose the category and type to be developed, purchased, or leased.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Organizations will encounter software or applications that the vendor stops supporting and will need to determine whether to replace the software or migrate to the cloud.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Organizations can research the possibility of migrating to a cloud-based application versus on-premise deployments.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
In a migration strategy, organizations can determine if the application migration can be automated to reduce costs.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
The evolution of technologies and software has moved cloud-based computing into the mainstream of business.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Ethics must drive an organization’s use of data because of social implications and data privacy laws and regulations.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
Cloud-based computing will need to continue to look at new forms of revenue to accomplish sustainability.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary
A/B testing : (also, split testing) method used to compare two versions (A and B) of a webpage, email, or advertisement to determine which one performs better in terms of user engagement or conversion rate
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
application programming interface (API) : means by which software applications communicate and interact with each other for the purpose of exchanging data and functionality
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
benchmarking : comparison of an organization's performance against industry standards and competing businesses
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
bounce rate : percentage of visitors who navigate away from a website after viewing only one page, indicating a lack of engagement or interaction with additional content
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
business intelligence (BI) : process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to inform business decision-making and improve organizational performance
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
business intelligence reporting : process of creating, designing, and delivering reports and visualizations that communicate insights derived from BI analysis to support decision-making within an organization
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
call to action : prompt or directive placed within a website, advertisement, or marketing material that encourages users to take a specific action, such as making a purchase, signing up for a newsletter, or requesting more information
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
clustering : unsupervised learning technique used to group similar data points together based on their intrinsic characteristics or attributes
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
conversion rate : percentage of website visitors who complete a desired action, such as making a purchase, filling out a form, or signing up for a newsletter, out of the total number of visitors
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
cost-benefit analysis : systematic approach to assessing the costs and benefits of a proposed project, investment, or decision to determine its feasibility and potential return on investment
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
data analysis : systematic process using statistical and logical techniques to review, sort, and condense data for the purpose of gaining insight on areas of interest
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
data analytics : process of examining datasets to draw conclusions and insights, typically using statistical and computational methods to inform decision-making or solve problems
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
data marketplace : online platform or ecosystem where data providers and consumers can buy, sell, or exchange datasets and related services
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
data mining : process of analyzing large datasets to discover patterns, trends, and insights using statistical and computational techniques
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
decision tree : decision-making tool that uses a tree structure diagram in which branches represent choices and their outcomes
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
descriptive analytics : analyzing historical data to understand past performance, trends, and patterns within an organization or specific business processes
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
diagnostic analytics : examining patterns in data to identify correlations and causes of certain events or outcomes
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
extract-transform-load (ETL) : process used to extract data from multiple sources, transform the data into a usable format, and load the data into a data warehouse for data analytics
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
key performance indicator : measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving its key business objectives and goals
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
linear regression : method that presents the relationship between variables as a linear equation on a graph
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
log file analysis : analysis examining server log files to gather data on website traffic, user behavior, and server performance, providing insights into website usage patterns and potential issues
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
metric : quantifiable measure used to track and evaluate the performance, progress, or success of a particular aspect of a business, campaign, or activity
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
operational decision : decision focused on day-to-day activities that involves optimizing processes, allocating resources, and managing immediate operational challenges
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
outlier : observation that deviates significantly from the rest of the dataset, potentially indicating anomalies, errors, or unique patterns that require special attention during analysis
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
page tagging : embedding a snippet of JavaScript code, known as a tracking tag or pixel, on each webpage to track user interactions, behaviors, and events
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
predictive analytics : use of statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to analyze historical data and forecast future outcomes or trends
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
prescriptive analytics : using data analysis and modeling techniques to recommend specific actions or strategies to optimize business processes and outcomes
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
recency, frequency, and monetary (RFM) : task of customer segmentation or grouping based on their purchasing habits
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
regression : statistical analysis method used to quantify the relationship between variables and to make predictions
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
search engine optimization (SEO) : process of optimizing website content and structure to increase visibility and ranking on search engine results pages
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
sensor data collection : gathering data from sensors designed to detect and respond to physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or motion
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
strategic decision : long-term decision made by an organization to define their overall direction, goals, and competitive positioning in the market
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
tactical decision : medium-term decision made by an organization to achieve specific objectives or goals within a defined time frame
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
training : process that uses labeled or historical data to teach machine learning algorithms or models to recognize patterns, relationships, and trends, enabling them to make predictions or classifications on new data
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
visualization : graphical representation of data and information to facilitate understanding, analysis, and communication of insights and trends
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
web analytics : collection, measurement, analysis, and reporting of website data to understand and optimize user behavior, engagement, and overall performance
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
web scraping : automated extraction of data from websites, typically using software to simulate human browsing behavior and retrieve information from web pages
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms
Analytics 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 are three distinct eras in the evolution of big data. The current era is Analytics 3.0, which uses traditional analytics to analyze big data. Big data allows organizations to gain a comprehensive understanding of their target market and customer base.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
Challenges of working with big data include its volume, its quality, governance of the data, and the extraction of actionable insights.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
The collection of big data occurs through web scraping, sensor data collection, social media, data marketplaces and APIs, and internal data sources.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
The business analytics process involves defining the problem, preparing the data, running statistical analysis, interpreting the results, and implementing changes.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
With BI, organizations can identify trends, patterns, and correlations to understand customer behavior, market dynamics, and operational performance.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
Organizations harness BI to gain an edge with tools to aid in marketing, predictive analytics, and financial analysis.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
Business and data analysis tools include tools for visualization, data mining, and predictive analytics.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
Business intelligence reporting focuses on transforming raw data into meaningful information and insights through interactive dashboards, reports, and visualizations.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
Organizations that collect and store data must adhere to legal and ethical guidelines to balance the protection of individuals’ privacy with the usefulness of the data.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
Data analytics involves the systematic collection, interpretation, and analysis of vast amounts of data to uncover valuable insights and patterns.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary
Analytics tools such as regression, decision trees, and clustering models aid in deriving actionable data.
https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary