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hot site storage : cloud service in which mission-critical data are stored in one location where the organization can have immediate access to the data | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
hybrid cloud : combination of public and private models that can be combined with on-premise infrastructure | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
infrastructure : facility and system used to support an organizationâs operations | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) : cloud services deployment model that involves delivery of infrastructure resources, such as networking and storage | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
market share : sales a company has in its industry, usually calculated as a percentage | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
migration strategy : plan an organization will follow to move to the cloud | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
mission-critical platform : an application or program that will cause a financial burden if there is a loss of service | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
network engineer : person with the skill to design, implement, and manage a network in support of an organizationâs mission | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
network-attached storage (NAS) : cloud serviceâprovided storage system that is flexible and attaches to an organizationâs network infrastructure | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture : federal standard that can provide direction for an organization in the selection process, industry definitions, and components of a cloud architecture | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
on-premise environment : physical hardware, such as servers, network equipment, workstations, and network infrastructure | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
ongoing cost : expense for day-to-day operations | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
open-source software : free software that is available for use and modification without licensing | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
Platform as a Service (PaaS) : cloud services deployment model that involves management of the software and hardware resources for the purpose of development | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
private cloud : infrastructure dedicated to a single organization | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
public cloud : infrastructure that provides services in an on-demand environment | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
request for proposal : documentation of the details of a project, including the information technology resources that might be needed, in order to support the bidding process to get a fair price | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
request for quote : process for determining the pricing of information technology resources based on the organizationâs understanding of what is needed | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
return on investment (ROI) : metric that determines the value of an investment | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
scalability : ability of a resource to be scaled up or down with minimal effort | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
Security as a Service (SECaaS) : cybersecurity service that a cloud provider offers to protect cloud consumers | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
service-level agreement (SLA) : document that outlines levels of service that a cloud provider assures the cloud consumer they will receive | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
Software as a Service (SaaS) : cloud services deployment model that involves delivery of applications in the cloud | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
software-defined network (SDN) : network that uses software for traffic management in programmable controllers and interfaces | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
storage-area network (SAN) : network that provides high-speed connectivity to a storage environment | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
supply chain management (SCM) : optimization of an organization's production and distribution of goods and services | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
system administrator : person who manages and maintains the information technology and information systems resources for an organization | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
Testing as a Service (TaaS) : service that cloud providers have built to outsource testing of software, application, and other components that would normally be performed in the organization | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
total cost of ownership : investment in a product for the lifetime of the product | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
up-front cost : expense for services before delivery | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
virtualization : service in which a physical computer environment creates a simulated computer environment | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-key-terms |
On-premise IS resources provide organizations with systems that are managed and maintained by the IS staff of the organization. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Cloud computing has introduced a means by which organizations can provide services to their customers through the internet. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Cloud computing provides constant access through the internet to any device from any location. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Cloud computing maximizes resource use through the implementation of virtualization software, which adds scalability and elasticity for the cloud consumer. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
There are numerous IS positions available in cloud computing, such as network engineers, system administrators, and cybersecurity specialists. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Cloud computing incorporates a delivery model to allow consumers to build the cloud computing environment that will best handle their computing needs. Those delivery models are IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Cloud computing has a deployment model that enables the cloud consumer to build an environment structure that meets business strategies. The deployment models are community, private, public, and hybrid. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Cloud computing offers consumers flexibility, scalability, and pricing variations based on usage. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
The cost factor of cloud computing versus on-premise environments should be evaluated before organizations enter any contracts. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Each cloud provider is different, and the services they offer differ based on their customer profiles. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Technology used in cloud-based computing, such as SDNs, virtualization, and storage-area networks, provides some of the functionalities offered to cloud consumers. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
To properly migrate to cloud-based computing, organizations must determine what migration tools are needed to complete the move to the cloud infrastructure. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Security of the data is essential when it comes to migrating to a cloud-based platform. Security frameworks such as NIST and the CIA triad will help with the process before, during, and after. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Organizations need to identify a cybersecurity framework that maximizes the protection of their data. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Organizations need a variety of cloud computing applications and must choose the category and type to be developed, purchased, or leased. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Organizations will encounter software or applications that the vendor stops supporting and will need to determine whether to replace the software or migrate to the cloud. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Organizations can research the possibility of migrating to a cloud-based application versus on-premise deployments. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
In a migration strategy, organizations can determine if the application migration can be automated to reduce costs. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
The evolution of technologies and software has moved cloud-based computing into the mainstream of business. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Ethics must drive an organizationâs use of data because of social implications and data privacy laws and regulations. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
Cloud-based computing will need to continue to look at new forms of revenue to accomplish sustainability. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/7-summary |
A/B testing : (also, split testing) method used to compare two versions (A and B) of a webpage, email, or advertisement to determine which one performs better in terms of user engagement or conversion rate | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
application programming interface (API) : means by which software applications communicate and interact with each other for the purpose of exchanging data and functionality | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
benchmarking : comparison of an organization's performance against industry standards and competing businesses | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
bounce rate : percentage of visitors who navigate away from a website after viewing only one page, indicating a lack of engagement or interaction with additional content | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
business intelligence (BI) : process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to inform business decision-making and improve organizational performance | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
business intelligence reporting : process of creating, designing, and delivering reports and visualizations that communicate insights derived from BI analysis to support decision-making within an organization | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
call to action : prompt or directive placed within a website, advertisement, or marketing material that encourages users to take a specific action, such as making a purchase, signing up for a newsletter, or requesting more information | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
clustering : unsupervised learning technique used to group similar data points together based on their intrinsic characteristics or attributes | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
conversion rate : percentage of website visitors who complete a desired action, such as making a purchase, filling out a form, or signing up for a newsletter, out of the total number of visitors | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
cost-benefit analysis : systematic approach to assessing the costs and benefits of a proposed project, investment, or decision to determine its feasibility and potential return on investment | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
data analysis : systematic process using statistical and logical techniques to review, sort, and condense data for the purpose of gaining insight on areas of interest | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
data analytics : process of examining datasets to draw conclusions and insights, typically using statistical and computational methods to inform decision-making or solve problems | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
data marketplace : online platform or ecosystem where data providers and consumers can buy, sell, or exchange datasets and related services | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
data mining : process of analyzing large datasets to discover patterns, trends, and insights using statistical and computational techniques | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
decision tree : decision-making tool that uses a tree structure diagram in which branches represent choices and their outcomes | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
descriptive analytics : analyzing historical data to understand past performance, trends, and patterns within an organization or specific business processes | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
diagnostic analytics : examining patterns in data to identify correlations and causes of certain events or outcomes | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
extract-transform-load (ETL) : process used to extract data from multiple sources, transform the data into a usable format, and load the data into a data warehouse for data analytics | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
key performance indicator : measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company is achieving its key business objectives and goals | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
linear regression : method that presents the relationship between variables as a linear equation on a graph | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
log file analysis : analysis examining server log files to gather data on website traffic, user behavior, and server performance, providing insights into website usage patterns and potential issues | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
metric : quantifiable measure used to track and evaluate the performance, progress, or success of a particular aspect of a business, campaign, or activity | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
operational decision : decision focused on day-to-day activities that involves optimizing processes, allocating resources, and managing immediate operational challenges | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
outlier : observation that deviates significantly from the rest of the dataset, potentially indicating anomalies, errors, or unique patterns that require special attention during analysis | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
page tagging : embedding a snippet of JavaScript code, known as a tracking tag or pixel, on each webpage to track user interactions, behaviors, and events | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
predictive analytics : use of statistical algorithms and machine learning techniques to analyze historical data and forecast future outcomes or trends | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
prescriptive analytics : using data analysis and modeling techniques to recommend specific actions or strategies to optimize business processes and outcomes | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
recency, frequency, and monetary (RFM) : task of customer segmentation or grouping based on their purchasing habits | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
regression : statistical analysis method used to quantify the relationship between variables and to make predictions | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
search engine optimization (SEO) : process of optimizing website content and structure to increase visibility and ranking on search engine results pages | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
sensor data collection : gathering data from sensors designed to detect and respond to physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or motion | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
strategic decision : long-term decision made by an organization to define their overall direction, goals, and competitive positioning in the market | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
tactical decision : medium-term decision made by an organization to achieve specific objectives or goals within a defined time frame | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
training : process that uses labeled or historical data to teach machine learning algorithms or models to recognize patterns, relationships, and trends, enabling them to make predictions or classifications on new data | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
visualization : graphical representation of data and information to facilitate understanding, analysis, and communication of insights and trends | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
web analytics : collection, measurement, analysis, and reporting of website data to understand and optimize user behavior, engagement, and overall performance | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
web scraping : automated extraction of data from websites, typically using software to simulate human browsing behavior and retrieve information from web pages | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-key-terms |
Analytics 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 are three distinct eras in the evolution of big data. The current era is Analytics 3.0, which uses traditional analytics to analyze big data. Big data allows organizations to gain a comprehensive understanding of their target market and customer base. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
Challenges of working with big data include its volume, its quality, governance of the data, and the extraction of actionable insights. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
The collection of big data occurs through web scraping, sensor data collection, social media, data marketplaces and APIs, and internal data sources. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
The business analytics process involves defining the problem, preparing the data, running statistical analysis, interpreting the results, and implementing changes. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
With BI, organizations can identify trends, patterns, and correlations to understand customer behavior, market dynamics, and operational performance. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
Organizations harness BI to gain an edge with tools to aid in marketing, predictive analytics, and financial analysis. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
Business and data analysis tools include tools for visualization, data mining, and predictive analytics. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
Business intelligence reporting focuses on transforming raw data into meaningful information and insights through interactive dashboards, reports, and visualizations. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
Organizations that collect and store data must adhere to legal and ethical guidelines to balance the protection of individualsâ privacy with the usefulness of the data. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
Data analytics involves the systematic collection, interpretation, and analysis of vast amounts of data to uncover valuable insights and patterns. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
Analytics tools such as regression, decision trees, and clustering models aid in deriving actionable data. | https://openstax.org/books/foundations-information-systems/pages/8-summary |
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