| --- |
| license: cc-by-4.0 |
| language: |
| - kab |
| language_bcp47: |
| - kab-Latn |
| size_categories: |
| - 100K<n<1M |
| task_categories: |
| - token-classification |
| task_ids: |
| - lemmatization |
| - part-of-speech |
| pretty_name: KabLex — Kabyle lexicon and pronunciation dictionary |
| tags: |
| - kabyle |
| - taqbaylit |
| - berber |
| - tamazight |
| - low-resource |
| - lexicon |
| - morphology |
| - grapheme-to-phoneme |
| configs: |
| - config_name: lexicon |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: lexicon/train.jsonl |
| - config_name: pronunciations |
| data_files: |
| - split: train |
| path: pronunciations/train.jsonl |
| --- |
| |
| # KabLex |
|
|
| A lexical layer for Kabyle (Taqbaylit, `kab`, Latin script), from the |
| [AƔBALU](https://huggingface.co/agbalu) project. |
|
|
| **366,892 lexical entries** merged from three permissively licensed sources and normalised to |
| one orthography, plus **25,642 word–pronunciation pairs** aligned from sentence-level |
| grapheme-to-phoneme data. |
|
|
| ```python |
| from datasets import load_dataset |
| |
| lex = load_dataset("agbalu/KabLex", "lexicon", split="train") |
| ipa = load_dataset("agbalu/KabLex", "pronunciations", split="train") |
| ``` |
|
|
| ## `lexicon` |
|
|
| 366,892 entries — 234,936 distinct surface forms over 17,090 lemmas, 2,408 of them multiword. |
|
|
| | field | | |
| |---|---| |
| | `form` | the surface form, normalised | |
| | `lemma` | its lemma, where the source gives one | |
| | `upos` | Universal POS tag, where the source gives one | |
| | `feats` | morphological or domain features, UD-style. **`"_"` is UD's placeholder for "no features"**, on 25,858 entries; the other 341,034 carry a real value, and the column is never null | |
| | `glosses` | list of `{lang, text}` — 9,658 entries carry at least one | |
| | `source` | the registry id this entry came from | |
| | `licence` | that source's licence | |
| |
| | POS | entries | |
| |---|---| |
| | `VERB` | 345,057 | |
| | unlabelled | 15,357 | |
| | `NOUN` | 5,603 | |
| | `PROPN` | 287 | |
| | `PART` | 249 | |
| | `ADJ`, `ADV`, `INTJ`, others | 246 | |
| |
| **The distribution is a property of the sources, not of Kabyle.** 94% of the entries are |
| verb forms because the largest contributing source is an inflected verb list. Treat this as |
| a wide verbal paradigm resource with a thin nominal layer, not as a balanced dictionary. |
| |
| ### Composition |
| |
| | source | entries | licence | |
| |---|---|---| |
| | `hf.boffire.kabyle-verbs` | 342,257 | CC-BY-4.0 | |
| | `hf.boffire.hunspell-kab` | 20,967 | MIT | |
| | `hf.agurzil.tafsut-maths-lexicon` | 3,668 | CC-BY-4.0 | |
| |
| ### What was excluded, and why |
| |
| The built lexicon holds 395,834 entries. **28,942 are not published here**, and the cut is |
| made by code from each source's licence rather than by hand: |
| |
| - **8,554 entries** from an **ODbL** toponym source. ODbL §4.4 obliges a publicly used |
| derivative database to be offered under ODbL too, so including them would impose |
| share-alike on this whole release. ODbL is share-alike, not permissive — a distinction |
| that is easy to get wrong and that changes what a downstream user is allowed to do. |
| - **20,388 entries** whose upstream licence could not be established. An unresolved licence |
| is not a permissive one. That source is independently available on the Hub. |
| |
| Anyone who wants the full set can rebuild it from the registry; the exclusions are |
| mechanical and reproducible, not editorial. |
| |
| ## `pronunciations` |
| |
| 25,642 distinct words with an IPA pronunciation, aligned from 59,185 sentence-level pairs |
| (99.53% alignment rate) over a 41-phoneme inventory. |
| |
| | field | | |
| |---|---| |
| | `word` | the orthographic word, normalised | |
| | `ipa` | its most frequent pronunciation | |
| | `variants` | list of `{ipa, count}` — every attested pronunciation with its frequency | |
| |
| **Ambiguity is 0.0%**: no word in this set has two pronunciations attested at comparable |
| frequency. That is a property of the source, which is single-annotator, and not evidence |
| that Kabyle has no heterophonic homographs. |
| |
| Source: `boffire/kabyle-g2p-training-data`, **CC0-1.0**. |
| |
| ## Orthography |
| |
| Everything is normalised to one documented orthography — normaliser `1.3.0+rules1.0.0`, 81 |
| rules, zero idempotence violations over 931,342 sentences. |
| |
| This matters more for Kabyle than the phrase usually suggests. Two seed corpora in this |
| project carry **2.60% and 3.19% homoglyph-corrupted rows** — Greek `ε` U+03B5 written for |
| Latin `ɛ` U+025B — and published Kabyle tokenizer vocabularies have that corruption baked |
| into their merges, at a measured **+17.8–21.3% token cost**. |
| |
| Kabyle legitimately uses `ɣ ɛ ḥ ḍ ṣ ṭ ẓ ṛ č ǧ ţ`, and the emphatic and spirantised |
| distinctions carry meaning. Do not "clean" them away. |
| |
| ## Known limits |
| |
| - **Not a balanced dictionary.** See the POS distribution above. |
| - **`upos` is absent for 15,357 entries** and is the source's tag where present, not a |
| reviewed annotation. |
| - **The pronunciation set covers loanwords and proper nouns** — `android`, `amikruskop` |
| ("microscope"), `armstrong` — because it is aligned from running text and those occur in it. |
| Three entries are genuinely non-lexical (`3d`, `mp3`, `aah`), 0.012% of the config. |
| 🚫 **Do not filter this config by word length or character inventory.** The shortest entries |
| are the most frequent words in the language: `ad` occurs 12,024 times, `d` 18,862, `i` |
| 11,141, `n` 6,001. |
| - Two upstream defects are known and *not* silently patched here: one source maps `ţ`→`ṭ` |
| against corpus evidence, and another tags `i` as `isem`. Both are owed as upstream reports. |
| - **Glosses are mostly French**, reflecting the sources. |
| - Nothing here is human-reviewed at scale. It is a merged, normalised, provenance-carrying |
| union of existing resources — which is exactly what did not exist before, and is not the |
| same thing as a curated dictionary. |
| |
| ## Citation |
| |
| ```bibtex |
| @misc{agbalu_kablex, |
| title = {KabLex: a Kabyle lexicon and pronunciation dictionary}, |
| author = {AƔBALU}, |
| year = {2026}, |
| url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/agbalu/KabLex} |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| Please also cite the upstream sources listed under Composition. |
| |
| ## Licence |
| |
| **CC-BY-4.0.** Every published entry is CC-BY-4.0 or MIT; CC-BY-4.0 is the more restrictive |
| of the two and governs the release. The pronunciation config is CC0-1.0 upstream. Each row |
| carries its own `licence` field, so a stricter subset can be cut by code. |
|
|
