input stringlengths 112 2.1k | output dict |
|---|---|
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | that rainfall during the last season has on weight-for-height indicates that shocks might have a medium-run effect on child health. For further evidence we now turn our attention to the effect that rainfall shocks during previous season... | {
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Borrower will maintain complete procurement files which [will be reviewed by Bank's supervision missions. The Procurement Plan will be updated] annually. Procurement information will be recorded by the PIU and submitted to the Bank as p... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | four to four and a half months, and the remaining 27 percent for periods of two and a half to three and a half months. **3. SURVEY DATA AND DETERMINANTS OF MIGRATION** **3.1 Survey design** One of the objectives of the RSE is to improve... | {
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"survey households and individuals in Vanuatu before RSE workers leave for New Zealand",
"survey these same households once RSE workers have been in New Zealand for three to six months",
"survey the households again upon return of the workers"
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | figure of 300,000 refugees. The RRP has therefore been revised with a new 2017 influx planning figure agreed upon with all partners of 400,000 refugees, representing a 100,000 (or 33 per cent) increase. As a result, a total of 1,025,000... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Figure 3. Have you personally experienced any of these types of** **incidents on your journey?** Women consistently reported slightly more abuses than men for the top four protection incidents, highlighting the specific vulnerability ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **B.** **Technical** 44. Targeted interventions intended to develop the institutional capacity of participating urban areas have been informed by detailed diagnostic work conducted during the preparation phase. The work includes spatial... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **4.** **Next steps** There are a number of natural extensions to this work including: (i) defining explicit fragilities of different WWTP components to better define a risk of damage to both shaking and ground deformation, as well as t... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The patterns of warming/cooling show a distinct geographical distribution, with the highland stations in the southwestern part of Bolivia showing consistent cooling, and the lowland areas to the north and east showing slight warming (se... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and more recently by the fuel and electricity crisis, coupled with the very limited livelihood opportunities that they can benefit from, and without support they have no other choice to remain in the abusive situation. This point is bac... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Developed Countries,” _Engineering_ _Project Organization Journal_ 1(1) (forthcoming). Dervis, K, de Melo, J. and Robinson, S. _General Equilibrium Models for Development Policy_, Cambridge University Press, London (1982). Dimaranan, B.... | {
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"United States Department of Agriculture"
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | education systems simultaneously proved to be very burdensome for the children and their parents. [29] UNESCO analyzed different measures in Slovakia to improve access to the national education system for refugee children in Slovakia. [... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **End notes** 1. This data is based on a review of all data available on refugee and migrant departures from Libya, interceptions, death and missing figures conducted by Matteo Villa, migration researcher at the Institute for Internatio... | {
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"name": [
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **3.2 Impacts on CO2 Emissions** Figure 6 illustrates reduction in total CO2 emissions due to the emission intensity converging efforts. A US$10/tCO2 carbon tax to Annex I countries would reduce their aggregate emissions by 11 percent i... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | interest based on hazard incidence based on microeconomic estimates of hazard damages to those indicators and (2) incorporating data on the demographic and economic characteristics of exposed household populations by context to generate... | {
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"head": "microeconomic estimates of hazard damages",
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | CC models, both the insurer and reinsurer need to raise more capital or shed risk. Loss events often harm insurer and reinsurer differently, but model change events affect both in the same way. This year, this awkward dynamic is exacerb... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The problem of data collection complicates the issue of implementing CBDRRC. A lot of data are needed to gauge the extent to which countries are differently impacted by any carbon-pricing scheme. Those data are not yet available in suff... | {
"entities": {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | timely delivery of social Same above Socio economic survey to be carried Same above services to the affected populations out by RAFU during project implementation Facilitate the productive settlement Increased accessibility through the ... | {
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"geography": [
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"head": "Socio economi... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | (Federal Government), as representative of AGP, will carry out the audit of the Project in accordance with the ToR that have been agreed between the Bank and AGP. The audit will include physical verification of assets procured from the ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | way to finance disaster losses. However, such conditions may only exist in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, and so the framework supports the suggestion of Clarke and Dercon [15] that insurance may be preferable where there is an ... | {
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"name": [
"Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF)",
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Policy Research Working Paper 6188 #### **Abstract** The consequences of climate change for agriculture and food security in developing countries are of serious concern. Due to their reliance on rain-fed agriculture, both as a source of... | {
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"Representative climate projections"
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"head": "Representative climate projections",
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | referrals to programs outside the project that aim to promote economic empowerment. Women are targeted to make up at least 60 percent of cash transfer beneficiaries. Third, the accompanying measures under sub-component 1.2 will aim to 1... | {
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"name": [
"Early Initiation of Breastfeeding"
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"2018"
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"... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | since studies based on household data deal with the average relationships between yields and the scale of production while the plot-based studies deal with the effects of fragmentation of farms on yields. Nevertheless, despite significa... | {
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"... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | In general communities and community leaders have played a somewhat limited formal role in the selection process, with many applicants coming forward on their own initiative. This is particularly the case in urban areas, with a greater ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"RSE",
"1,698 Ni-Vanuatu workers had been approved to come to New Zealand through the RSE"
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"2008",
"2008"
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"named",
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Tanna, and Ambrym. Subsequent surveys of both the workers and their families will allow us to identify the scheme’s effects on the lives and prospects of the residents of Vanuatu in a formal and rigorous way. The initial survey is usefu... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"baseline survey"
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Africa: Impact Assessment and Adaptation Strategies, London: EarthScan (forthcoming). Emori, S. T. Nozawa, A. Abe-Ouchi, A. Namaguti, and M. Kimoto, 1999. “Coupled OceanAtmospheric Model Experiments of Future Climate Change with an Expl... | {
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"name": [
"Digital Soil Map of the World"
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"2004"
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"CD-ROM"
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"named"
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"geo... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 16 of 21 **b. Distribution of irrigated agriculture** _Note:_ One-kilometer spatial aggregation _._ The color bar represents the percentage of cultivated land. LCLU = land-cover and land-use. The current map improves the spatial detail ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"remote sensing products",
"30-meter resolution map",
"medium-resolution remote sensing–based products with cropland information for northern Nigeria"
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"descriptive",
"named",
"descriptive"
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Pacific, and Latin America & Caribbean are 39.7 million, 35.7 million, 7.5 million, and 5.8 million people respectively. More optimistic climate impact assumptions (i.e., low climate change scenarios) reduce the additional poverty headc... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"survey data"
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"survey"
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"geography": [
"Latin America",
"Caribbean",
"East Asia",
"South Asia",
"Europe and Central Asia"
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: 2022 UPDATE Since _[EDUCATION UNDER ATTACK IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA: A note by the Regional Education in](https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/fr/operations/west-and-central-africa/d... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | misunderstanding of the units of measurement, they may reflect a language barrier, or they may be intentional incorrect answers. Data on climate was gathered from two sources (Dinar et al. 2008). We relied on temperature data from satel... | {
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"name": [
"Africa Rainfall and Temperature Evaluation System",
"temperature data from satellites operated by the Department of Defense",
"ground station measurements of precipitation"
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"ARTES"
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"producer": [
"World Bank",
"Depart... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 10.9 34.7 79.5 No. of temp. female labor per ha 0.71 0.50 1.65 0.86 0.50 0.54 0.45 Total wage bill per ha (US$) 131.94 249.74 144.41 133.59 174.60 138.20 77.63 **Tenancy** Have tenants 0.31 0.13 0.10 0.44 0.45 0.24 0.10 Number of tenant... | {
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"name": [
"2006/07 NACAL"
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"Own computation"
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"2006/07"
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | & Malyshev S, 2001. Changes in near-surface temperatures and sea level for the post-SRES CO2-stabilization scenarios. _Integrated Assessment_ 2: 95-110. Watson RT, Zinyoera MC & Moss RH, 1997. The regional impacts of climate change: An ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"Africa rainfall and temperature evaluation system"
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"World Bank"
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"2003"
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"system"
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"named"
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | calculated with monthly data. The WASP(+1) may capture flooding events caused by longer periods of rainy conditions that saturate soils and lead to intense flooding events over shorter time periods. Further details of the creation of th... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"WASP index"
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"WASP"
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"Lyons and Barnston"
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"2006"
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"named"
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Yemen COVID-19 Response Project (P173862) - identification of the specific laboratories and health facilities which will be equipped with such medical equipment. 51. For global activities (e.g., bulk procurement), the... | {
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"name": [
"Yemen COVID-19 Response Project"
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"World Bank"
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"named"
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},
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"head": "Yemen CO... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) Table A3-2: Education Completion Rates in Sudan (2014) Male, Urban Male, Rural Female, Urban Female, Total Rural Grade 4, lower basic (10-13-year-olds) 64.6 50... | {
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"name": [
"Sudan MICS data"
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"MICS"
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"named"
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"head": "Sudan MICS data",
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | two distributions appears to support the case for treating the GPS measure as the more accurate of the two. The systematic patterns in the difference between land measurements we have observed above have the potential to introduce a bia... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"self-reported land quantities",
"GPS measure"
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"GPS"
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"descriptive"
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | -the multiplier effect. In this third scenario, global export supply decreases by 40.1 percent on average across all food products. Global food prices increase by 12.9 percent on average as a result of retaliation. Within cereals, oats ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"estimates of import demand elasticities"
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"producer": [
"Kee and Nicita"
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"2020"
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | girls reported concerns related](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ew80-7adttIU21GkB0OIDQLfH3cYnDrP/view?usp=drive_link) to GBV confirming cases of frequent assaults perpetrated by unidentified people especially when going to schools or ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"Quissanga RNA 2023",
"RRM reports",
"RNA 2023"
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"rna",
"rna"
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"2023",
"2023"
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"reports",
"reports",
"reports"
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"specificity": [
"named",
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | not. This inspection evaluates the net outcome of the entire set of production practices chosen by the farmer and is much less costly than monitoring compliance with mandated production practices. A third alternative is to forego vertic... | {
"entities": {
"name": []
},
"relations": []
} |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Evidence from Uganda, Journal of Development Economics, forthcoming De Groote, H., Traoré O., 2005. The Cost of Accuracy in Crop Area Estimation. Agricultural Systems 84:21-38 Escobal, J., Laszlo, S., 2008. Measurement Error in Access t... | {
"entities": {
"name": []
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the quota price variable _P_ [ ̃] _v_ _pt_ will be interacted with a cross-sectional climatic index and employed as an instrument for quota income, defined as the income received by households from their grain quota sales. The empirical... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"cross-sectional climatic index"
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"specificity": [
"descriptive"
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"background"
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"geography": [
"Kenya"
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"relations": [
{
"has_specificity": {
"head": "cross-sectional climatic index",
"... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | historical loss data when available. When properly calibrated and validated, cat risk models represent the best that can be done in modeling disaster loss distributions. Cat risk models are relatively new (with the first national cat mo... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"historical loss data"
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"descriptive"
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{
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"head": "historical loss data",
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{
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 1). The country coverage for second set is described in the center columns of Table 1. The dataset pulls together observations from five countries from surveys that report plot-level data and contains over 8,000 observations. [13] Four ... | {
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"country coverage for second set"
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"... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Building Resilient and Responsive Health Systems (P179698) 9. **The project is consistent with Kenya’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC, updated 2020)** **[20]** **[21]** **, the** **National Climate Change Fra... | {
"entities": {
"name": []
},
"relations": []
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | a map of 14 agro-ecological zones developed by the World Food Program in a study on food security (WFP, 2007). These 14 zones were identified on the basis of homogeneous land cover and land use and based on consultation with local exper... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"map of 14 agro-ecological zones"
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"acronym": [
"WFP"
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"producer": [
"World Food Program"
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"timeframe": [
"2007"
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"datatype": [
"map"
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"specificity": [
"descriptive"
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"usage": [
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | my brother to come to Libya, he may be_ _kidnapped by the smugglers, punished or killed and I will regret_ _having asked him to come. Still, the security situation in Libya_ _is better than the situation in my country. I am not thinking... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"key informants"
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"vague"
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"usage": [
"background"
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"geography": [
"Libya"
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},
"relations": [
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"head": "key informants",
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{
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the hazard in local areas for fault lines not captured in historical catalogues. As a result, rather than relying on absolute values of horizontal acceleration, we instead group PGA into five discrete categories: Very High **VH** (>0.65... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"dataset created for use at the global scale (Zorn and Koks, 2019)"
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"producer": [
"Zorn and Koks"
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"timeframe": [
"2019"
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"specificity": [
"named"
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 19 years with largest estates the oldest (table 4). Most (68%) are owned by natural persons of Malawian nationality, 16% by ‘others’ -most likely legal persons- and 10% by expatriates. Expatriates’ ownership share peaks at the 100-500 h... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Kruger, A., Manhique, A., Gomez, B., Coelho, CAS., Masisi, DN., Kululanga, E., Mbambalala, E., Adesina, E., Saleh, H., Kanyanga, J., Adosi, J., Bulane, L., Fortunata, L., Mdoka, ML. and Lajoie, R. (2006) Evidence of trends in daily clim... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | lack of data. Furthermore, because the insurance trigger events are constructed for at least 3 dekads for each phase, changing distribution patterns within dekads are of minor interest from an insurance perspective. In this context the ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and CBI modalities. [33] - Under the In-Camp Programme of TRC and WFP, 2,500 TL will be provided in Adana Sarıçam, Osmaniye Cevdetiye, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis Elbeyli, Hatay Boynuyoğun and Yayladağı TACs. Families who have been resettled i... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | thirty-two more cases have been confirmed, eight recovered cases and no deaths caused by COVID-19 have been reported as of April 20, 2020. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Government initially introduced surveillance measures a... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Regional Refugee Response Plan for the Democratic Republic of the Congo, UNHCR led 66 partners in seven neighbouring countries of asylum to provide multisectoral assistance, protection and solutions. While humanitarian assistance was a... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | be used for water supply and sanitation infrastructure (such as supplying water tanks, clay pots) within school boundaries, etc., the environmental risk rating is considered to be moderate. This risk rating can be changed later during i... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | find that self-reported land measures are a reasonable alternative in a well conducted survey, particularly for medium-sized farmers. The overall distribution as well as their mean and standard deviation, are fairly close to each other,... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | [14] **Market Access Challenges** Operational banking and market systems and supply chains, which are prerequisites for effective cash assistance provision, have not been fully functioning due to disrupting impacts of the earthquakes. F... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | low-skill workers in the total value added in exports (Auguiar et al., 2019). We assume that the initial shock in supply proportionally increases with the weight of low-skill labor in total value added in exports. In our baseline scenar... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"Chinese food exports"
],
"timeframe": [
"January and February 2020"
],
"specificity": [
"named"
],
"usage": [
"primary"
]
},
"relations": [
{
"has_timeframe": {
"head": "Chinese food exports",
"tail": "Jan... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | public law; or a private entity mandated to provide public services| |Frequency|Biannual| |Data source|Number of API connections to the Fayda Platform| |Methodology for Data Collection|Fayda data analytics platform| |Responsibility for ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"Number of API connections to the Fayda Platform",
"Fayda data analytics platform",
"Number of API connections to the data exchange platform",
"Data exchange analytics platform"
],
"producer": [
"NIDP",
"NIDP",
"NIDP",
"NIDP"
],... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the effect principle, each of them could potentially apply only to a sub-set of the measures considered here. However, without taking a position on which (if any) of these approaches would be more legitimate, this paper highlights that,... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"emissions data"
],
"specificity": [
"descriptive"
],
"usage": [
"background"
]
},
"relations": [
{
"has_specificity": {
"head": "emissions data",
"tail": "descriptive"
}
},
{
"has_usage": {
"... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | – resulting in limited presence of MFIs outside of N’Djamena, and virtually none in the North. Lack of access to affordable refinancing (commercial banks provide loans to MFIs with an interest rate of 12.5 per annum) is an additional ch... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"2017 Global Findex report"
],
"timeframe": [
"2017"
],
"datatype": [
"report"
],
"specificity": [
"named"
],
"usage": [
"background"
],
"geography": [
"Chad"
]
},
"relations": [
{
"has_timefram... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | a counterfactual for the climate change scenarios. For the purposes of projecting future climate in a given region (Tanzania), it is useful to note that the GCMs are calibrated to reasonably reproduce historical climate on a global basi... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"GCMs"
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"GCMs"
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"descriptive"
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"geography": [
"Tanzania"
]
},
"relations": [
{
"has_acronym": {
"head": "GCMs",
"tail": "GCMs"
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | returned from the European Economic Area and Switzerland. Among these, 58% returned from Germany. **27%** of beneficiaries returning from the European Economic Area and Switzerland were children, among whom **2.5%** were UASC. #### Chil... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"Europe Resettlement 2016",
"Hellenic Police",
"Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA)",
"Italian Ministry of Interior",
"Spanish Ministry of Interior",
"Eurostat",
"BAMF-Germany",
"IOM",
"UNHCR",
"UNICEF"
],
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | scaling up the poverty-targeted cash transfer program, providing subsidized access to health care, and reducing malnutrition in the early years. Djibouti has begun laying the groundwork for a social protection system through the introdu... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"social registry",
"PNSF’s Management Information System (MIS)"
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"registry"
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"specificity": [
"descriptive",
"named"
],
"usage": [
"background",
"primary"
],
"geography": [
"Djibouti"
]
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 21 percent; and Brazil, whose exports of corn represent 13.9 percent of total exports. The United States, the European Union and China also represent more than 25 percent of global export 10 Most affected countries are defined based on ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"World Health Organization coronavirus disease (Covid-19) [situation reports on total number of cases per country"
],
"acronym": [
"who"
],
"producer": [
"World Health Organization"
],
"datatype": [
"reports"
],
"specificity": [
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | less than US$20,000 equivalent each; (ii) firms costing less than US$50,000 equivalent each;(d) training; and (e) incremental operating costs. Disbursing against civil works, goods and services exceeding the above limits will be made ag... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"audit report"
],
"producer": [
"Bank"
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"datatype": [
"report"
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"specificity": [
"descriptive"
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"usage": [
"background"
]
},
"relations": [
{
"has_producer": {
"head": "audit report",
"t... |
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