input stringlengths 112 2.1k | output dict |
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Figure 3: Module for the Energy Sector** Land use changes are incorporated into the model via a constant elasticity of transformation (CET) representation of land supply for each country/region. Figure 4 presents structure of the land... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | have a significant impact on human capital development, leading for example to increased spending on health, education and food security, as well as to economic investment. Cash transfers have been successful in increasing the uptake of... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | a whole, the issue to which we turn in the next section. **4.** **Simulating the impact on poverty of changes in the price of rice** In this section, we provide estimates of the impact of changes in the price of rice (whether imported o... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) improve the equity, efficiency and learning outcomes of the education system by financing textbooks and reading materials, school grants and teacher training a... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) **C. Relevance to Higher Level Objectives** 26. **The proposed operation will contribute to implementation of the 2018-2022 Education Sector Strategic** **Plan... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | is the EU’s MRV, [84] which provides all the necessary data regarding emissions released by vessels in their first/last voyage to/from an EU port. [85] Alternatively, the distance covered could be obtained using the Automatic Identifica... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | is calculated as the change in the consumer price index (CPI) compared to the same month of the previous year; hence, the base effect is the “contribution to the change in the year-on-year inflation rate in a particular month that stems... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | every country’s cost-effective means of contributing to climate stabilization. In addition, this paper provides costeffective pathways of the carbon content of electricity - computed from the results of AMPERE, a recent integrated asses... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | World Bank Technical paper 402. Washington, DC. Kurukulasuriya P & Ajwad M, 2004. Estimating the impact of climate change on smallholders: A case study on the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka. In Mendelsohn R et al. (eds), _Cross-Sectio... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | exports. Other factors such as delays at the border and disruptions in trade logistics associated to Covid-19 may also contribute to reduce export supply, but their impact is more uniform across country-products. Informed by the magnitu... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | inputs. For RHC, contributions will be done through revenues from the targeted value chain produce. The project will foster refugees’ access to land including social services such as sanitation and drinking water in production areas. An... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) |Gender Gap|Action|Result (Indicators)| |---|---|---| |The M&E systems are often not<br>well adapted to capture the<br>specificities of women<br>beneficiari... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | procedures by the National Bureau for Legal Aid. 97% of respondents reported applying for asylum in Bulgaria, with 70% waiting for a decision at the time of the interview, 18% reported being granted international protection, mostly subs... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the cost of not working in the household, while female pupils drop out due to early marriage. 15. **The number of out-of-school-children (OOSC) is striking: approximately three million school-age children** **are not in the education sy... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | [*] 0.0032 [*] (0.0018) (0.0018) (0.0018) (0.0018) Caste mean education level 0.029 [***] 0.028 [**] 0.024 [**] 0.020 [*] (0.010) (0.012) (0.012) (0.011) Other castes mean education level −0.0015 −0.0014 −0.0026 0.0011 (0.011) (0.011) (... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Table 7. Impact of Gas Price Increase on Gas Consuming Households** _Source:_ Author’s calculations based on 2008 ILCS Another illuminating approach to examine the poverty impact of the gas price hike is to measure the extent to which... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | East Anglia Climate Research Unit (UEA CRU-TS2p1). The data are monthly time-series of temperature and rainfall from 1901 to 2008. The monthly series are available as interpolated gridded data with a spatial resolution of 0.5 x 0.5 degr... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The World Bank Economic Review 211 that they were subject to larger mandatory quota quantities than predominantly wheat-growing areas. The identification strategy here exploits this cross-sectional variation in conjunction with shocks t... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Profile of the survivors seeking assistance** In the first two quarters of 2021, data reported by the GBVIMS shows that 97% of survivors seeking the case management service are females and 3% are males. Compared to 2020 reports, there... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | levelized cost of electricity generation and _e_ is CO2 emissions. Figure 2 depicts the ranges for hurdle prices derived from recent studies. While emission factors for each technology were taken from ESMAP (2007) and the Royal Academy ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | transfers in Djibouti including delivery of the PNSF program in rural areas, school meals programs, and food assistance for assets schemes, which provide people with cash, voucher or food transfers in exchange for the building or rehabi... | {
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... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Climate action is at its core, like localization, built on inclusive approaches and accountability to affected people. It should aim to amplify local/ marginalized voices in confronting related challenges and should strive to ensure equ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Annex I** **Project Design Summary** _Narrative Summary_ _Key Performance_ _Monitoring and_ _Critical Assumptions_ _Indicators_ _Evaluation_ **Sector-related CAS** 1. Availability of - ESW in health, **(Goal to Bank Mission)** **Goal:... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Context:** More than a million people have been displaced from different agencies in FATA as a result of the fragile security situation in the region. The majority of the displaced have been living in Pesha‐ war and adjoining areas of... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Similarly, interventions relying on individuals and businesses facing initial up-front costs with long-term benefits (such as those typical of energy efficiency investments) should consider the provision of immediate payoffs in the form... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | (Hu _et al_ ., 2017). The CaMa‐Flood model routes the runoff input simulated by a land surface model into the oceans or lakes along a prescribed river network (Yamazaki et al., 2011). It calculates river channel storage, floodplain stor... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | is usually planted in kharif. Land devoted to fodder and a number of minor crops is excluded from consideration, as these outputs are difficult to measure accurately. In the IFPRI-93 sample, the fi ve major crops account for 66% of cult... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | combining the incidents of rape and sexual assault accounted for 17 percent of the total cases reported, which is the third highest percentage after the physical assault and psychological or emotional abuse. On 31 December 2020, and aft... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | employed secondary data reported at the village or county level, and thus have been unable to analyze within-village variation in quotas. 10 Precipitation is rescaled to have the same mean as total temperature. The top and bottom 2 perc... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance—Issues and Practice 576 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 $14.9m 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0 -$0.04m -$0.5m **Average** **1 in 5 year disaster** **1 in 15 year disaster** **1 in 50 year disaster** Strategy A (incl... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **CONTEXT** Despite the internationally welcomed transition to democracy in 2011, after decades of isolation, Myanmar remains one of the poorest countries in South-East Asia. The relatively low level of development and wide-spread pover... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) 19. The current economic analysis presents estimates of the efficiency gains in basic education to 2021, based on enrollment estimates employing UN population ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | share of their income on food. In the richest regions, even poor people are rich enough to manage the expected rise in food prices without falling into extreme poverty (which does not mean that they are not affected: increased food pric... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Policy Research Working Paper 4699 ### **Abstract** New Zealand’s new Recognized Seasonal Employer program allows workers from the Pacific Islands to come to New Zealand for up to seven months to work in the horticulture and viticulture... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | during the reporting period. **Limitations** Protection monitoring data and information obtained in this Protection Analysis Update is limited to areas that are currently accessible by humanitarian actors in Borno state Northeast Nigeri... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | past rainfall deviations from normals (DRt and DRt−1) and two controls: the gender of the child and the long-term average level of rainfall at the DHS cluster. In columns (2) and (3), we include the full set of controls: age in months, ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | If rain is above a certain level (e.g. 60 mm during germination stage), then there is no payout. If rainfall is insufficient for the crop to survive (e.g. less than 30 mm during germination), then insurance pays back the entire loan. If... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 2001; McDonald et al _._, 2005), which tend to result in widespread flooding in the region. As a result of changing temperature and precipitation patterns, Mozambique ranks high in the climate change index based on annual and seasonal i... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Fish 56.1 64.0 57.7 Fresh Fruits – Vegetables 72.2 77.1 74.8 Legumes and pulses 67.2 78.9 44.0 Meat 70.0 74.3 78.0 Nuts and derived products 75.8 68.9 89.6 Oil-bearing 49.6 55.8 58.5 Stimulant crops 24.1 42.8 54.1 Sugar 48.8 37.1 Vegeta... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | beneficiaries used their cards to make a quick application at centers across the country, and their address was validated (to check whether they lived in the affected areas). Over 2.7 million people applied, but 1.1 million were deemed ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Enabling environment** - Societal support for climate adaptation - Level of commitment and cooperation on climate adaptation - Leadership of an organization on climate issues - Allocation of responsibilities within the mainstreaming p... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | On average the two methods produce strikingly similar estimates of land area. The average size of plots using GPS is 2.24 acres, a mere 0.11 acres (equivalent to 4.9%) larger than the area reported by farmers. The sample level means how... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the sending households and their communities. The overall impact will however depend on how their remaining household members adjust to their absence. Our follow-up surveys and evaluation aim to measure this impact. **7. CONCLUSIONS** D... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | in international fora since WHO published the World health report 2010, entitled Health systems financing: the path to universal coverage. These include the Mexico City Political Declaration on Universal Health Coverage adopted in April... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | weight are often already available to customs authorities; see Bäuerle et al. (2010, p. 60), or could be obtained via AIS. 95 On a similar note, see Heine et al. (2017, pp. 38-39); Heine and Gäde (2018). 96 Fullerton and Wolverton (2005... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The data oflDPs are reported in DRC, Congo, Mozambique and Zimbabwe (see Figure 2). **Specific Protection Needs** Among the PoCs requiring specific needs, more than two third are women, showing that women are in more vulnerable situatio... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | time, a total of 10,538 referrals were made to the Greek National Centre for Social Solidarity (EKKA) based on children identified on islands and mainland Greece, including near the land border with Turkey in 2017. 5. This number reflec... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | cannot support such remote transactions. 12. **Ethiopia is one of the few countries in the world that does not have a national-scale foundational ID system** **with digital capabilities.** Despite enacting the Registration of Vital Even... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | even if they don’t experience any climate change themselves. [1] Despite these multi-dimensional complexities, and without understanding all the underlying mechanisms and links, it is possible to assess the likely net effects of climate... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | per capita in the most arid countries, the relationship between rainfall and GDP is flat. This initial decrease is in fact driven by a specific set of countries – rich oil and gas exporting countries from the gulf. The downward relation... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Energy consumed by the transportation sector was obtained from International Energy Agency (IEA) publications (IEA, 2014c, 2014d). To compare the various sources, the amount of energy consumed was converted to the same energy unit, tera... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | are raising funds for cofinancing school construction with SFKC. This will be first co-financing of SFKC at the institutional level, with a target amount of US$2 million. Donors continue to co-finance SFKC _at the sub-project_ _level._ ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) 5. **Repetition rates are relatively low compared to other countries in the SSA region** . There was a slight improvement in the repetition rates: from 5.3 per... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Table A1: Disaggregation of the Tanzania DCGE model. Agricultural sectors Maize; Sorghum; Millet; Rice, wheat & barley; Cassava; Root crops; Pulses; Oilseeds; Horticulture; Export crops; Livestock; Other agriculture Nonagricultural sect... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | would reduce the risk of damage to new infrastructure by 50 percent. - _Scenario 2._ Instead, if all water assets were made more resilient to floods, an additional $2 billion to $5 billion a year would be required. This estimate represe... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | of ambulances for the rapid intervention team; (iv) the establishment and/or upgrade of laboratory capacity including purchase of equipment, specimen collection and transport, as well as training of personnel; (v) procurement of laborat... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and Development (2018): Taxing Energy Use 2018: Companion to the Taxing Energy Use Database. Paris: OECD Publishing. [47] Orlov, S., E. Rovenskaya, J. Puaschunder, and W. Semmler (2018): Green Bonds, Transition to a Low-carbon Economy, ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Policy Research Working Paper 5170 #### **Abstract** This paper uses municipality level data to estimate the general relationship between climate, income, and life expectancy in Chile. The analysis finds that incomes are negatively rela... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | access to asylum. ### In Thailand - Upon arrival in Thailand, individuals interviewed by UNHCR said they were transported through the night in pickup trucks with 15-20 others, forced to sit or lie atop one another. They were taken to ca... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** REGIONAL SUMMARIES I **WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** **BUDGET AND EXPENDITURE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA** | USD **PILLAR 1** **PILLAR 2** **PILLAR 3** **PILLAR 4** **VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | interpretation of the notion of distress at sea, in line with the definition provided in the SAR Convention. [16] **PROTECTION-SENSITIVE BORDER MANAGEMENT** - States conduct swift identification and referral of persons with internationa... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | components that fell within the territory of Croatia) generally parallels that of Bank projects in the sector (as analyzed in OED's Report on the subject published in 1992). The findings were that, while most projects have achieved thei... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 314 Gille that have some correlation across groups. Rural India provides a similar context, with an organization of social interactions within castes. Although social mobility and social mixing have increased in urban India, life in vil... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | costs, over the discounted expected electricity production. We find that the LCOE computed against _future_ production, investment and prices should be equal to the average _future_ electricity price. But in practice, fossil fuel, carbo... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | begin to reverse incidence of Malaria and other diseases Potentially Weak but improving **MDG 7: Environmental Sustainability** - Integrate sustainability principles into country policies and programmes, Unlikely Weak but improving reve... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | production rules were not necessarily conclusive, but they provided a degree of evidence in favor of some class labels (Richards and Jia 2006, 342–55). These rules were defined from the analysis of the spectral profiles during the veget... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | substitute strongly for tenant effort is hired labor and, if such substitutability were high in all tasks (not just for harvesting; see subsection 2.6), there would be little demand for share-tenants. Landowners could simply self-cultiv... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and share them with the World Bank. 31. **Each county will designate and maintain for the project period:** (a) a Project focal point; (b) a head of the unit responsible for procuring HPTs; (c) an environmental specialist; (d) a social ... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | proportion of households that state they have some or complete trust in other people. - Quality of public services such as police, courts, education, health, and social assistance contribute toward adaptive capacity. Areas with good ser... | {
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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 8 Mariano Rabassa et al. # | Figure 1: Location of Rural DHS Clusters by Survey Round. childbearing age, i.e., between 15 and 49 years old, who were either permanent residents of the household or visitors present in the household on the... | {
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"Slovakia Protection Profiling & Monitoring: Profiles, Needs & Intentions of Refugees from Ukraine – October 2022",
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | As mentioned above, the preferred solution for carbon pricing in the maritime sector is through an international agreement. If such agreements were to take the form of an upstream global fuel tax or levy, carbon pricing would occur upst... | {
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"name": [
"global data collection mechanism"
],
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"vague"
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"background"
]
},
"relations": [
{
"has_specificity": {
"head": "global data collection mechanism",
"tail": "vague"
}
},
{
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Cochabamba -1.42 -1.35 0.178 446 Concepción 1.58 0.98 0.328 524 La Paz / El Alto 1.67 1.59 0.111 533 Magdalena -0.03 -0.02 0.988 523 Oruro 1.59 2.39 0.017 583 Puerto Suarez -2.54 -1.68 0.094 559 Riberalta -0.13 -0.07 0.947 570 Roboré -2... | {
"entities": {
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"Monthly Climatic Data for the World"
],
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"NCDC"
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"named"
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"has_acronym": {
"head": "Monthly Climatic Data for the World",
"tai... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Integrated Cash Transfer and Human Capital Project (P166220) **ANNEX 1: Implementation Arrangements and Support Plan** **COUNTRY: Djibouti** **Integrated Cash Transfer and Human Capital Project** As described in Secti... | {
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"PMT",
"PNSF",
"DISED"
],
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"PMT",
"PNSF"
],
"producer": [
"Government"
],
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"program"
],
"specificity": [
"vague",
"named",
"named"
],
"usage": [
"background"... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | catch-up classes or accelerated education. It is necessary for UNHCR, in collaboration with government officials, to orient planning and budgeting that will contribute to medium to long-term sustainable educational access for refugee ch... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"national education information systems"
],
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"system"
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"descriptive"
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"supporting"
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},
"relations": [
{
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"head": "national education information system... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | very valuable information as it makes it possible to compute the average level of education of members from the same caste using all the heads of households from the same caste in the village and not only the heads of household that hav... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"village listing"
],
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"descriptive"
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"relations": [
{
"has_specificity": {
"head": "village listing",
"tail": "descriptive"
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{
"has_usage": {
... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 18 percent for rice and 31 percent for groundnuts. For instance, due to small field/paddy size of less than 1 hectare, manual methods predominate for rice: planting, fertilizing, weeding, harvesting, raking, threshing, usually assisted ... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"trade data for January and February 2020 combined and relative to their respective levels in 2019"
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"2020"
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"descriptive"
],
"usage": [
"background"
],
"geography": [
"China"
]
},
"... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | there is broad agreement (e.g. Watson et al. 1997): developing countries are especially vulnerable to climate change because agricultural productivity depends on the climate. And in developing countries agriculture employs most of the w... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"laboratory experiments"
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"descriptive"
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"relations": [
{
"has_specificity": {
"head": "laboratory experiments",
"tail": "descriptive"
}
},
{
"has_usa... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 28 (3): 127–48. Kwak, S., and S.C. Smith. 2013. “Regional Agricultural Endowments and Shifts of Poverty Trap Equilibria: Evidence from Ethiopian Panel Data.” _Journal of Development Studies_ 49 (7): 955–75. Lagakos, D., and M. Waugh. 20... | {
"entities": {
"name": [
"Ethiopian Panel Data"
],
"specificity": [
"named"
],
"usage": [
"primary"
],
"geography": [
"China",
"India",
"Pakistan and Ethiopia",
"Bangladesh"
]
},
"relations": [
{
"has_specificity": {
"hea... |
specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the community and potential beneficiaries about their preferences._ - Make **infrastructure** adaptations such as ramps and railings to EH facilities so that all individuals and groups can access and use facilities in safety and dignity... | {
"entities": {
"name": []
},
"relations": []
} |
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