ai4data/datause-train-v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

input stringlengths 112 2.1k	output dict
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| donors, including the African Development Bank and the UNHCR. Twitezimbere works with the Government under an agreement _(Convention)_ of April 20, 1993 and is recognized by the Ministry of the Interior as a non profit organization on t...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "technical audits", "a survey of beneficiaries" ], "timeframe": [ "1997 and 1998-99" ], "datatype": [ "audits", "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "sup...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| the International Rescue Committee (IRC) Protection Monitoring reports in December 2020, a higher percentage of boys were reported to be out of school in comparison to girls, this may be linked to the fact that more boys are being engag...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "International Rescue Committee (IRC) Protection Monitoring reports" ], "acronym": [ "IRC" ], "producer": [ "International Rescue Committee" ], "timeframe": [ "December 2020" ], "datatype": [ "reports" ], "specificity"...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| was gradually integrated into the climate regime. In 2014 states created NAZCA. NAZCA provides a platform within the UNFCCC for sharing information about non-state and substate climate activities. 43 Bernstein 2001. 44 Bernstein 2002, 1...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "NAZCA" ], "acronym": [ "NAZCA" ], "producer": [ "UNFCCC" ], "timeframe": [ "2014" ], "datatype": [ "platform" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Required are alternative accommodations for IDPs living in flood plains. Essential materials include timbers, tarps, and nails. There is an urgent need for shelter response is USD 2.9 million. Non-Food Items (NFI ): Majority of ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Composite Scores on water supply and Sanitation" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Composite Scores on water supply and Sanitation", "tail": "vagu...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| ### References Adams, R. M. McCarl, K. Segerson, C. Rosenzweig, K.J. Bryant, B. L. Dixon, R. Conner, R. Evenson, D. Ojima, 1999. The economic effects of climate change on US agriculture. In: R. Mendelsohn and J. Neumann (Editors), The I...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Special Sensor Microwave Imager" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Africa" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Special Sensor Microwave Imager", "tai...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| national social registry and financing socio-economic infrastructure in localities with refugees living in host communities that are not already covered by other refugee programs, the project will contribute to creating social and econo...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "national social registry and financing socio-economic infrastructure" ], "datatype": [ "system" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Djibouti" ] }, "relations": [ { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Table 8: Estimated precipitation trend (mm/decade) for seven stations in Chile Station Trend t-value P-value # of obs. Arica -0.02 -0.28 0.782 632 Antofagasta 0.02 0.75 0.451 585 La Serena 0.05 0.10 0.923 618 Isl...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Monthly Climatic Data for the World" ], "acronym": [ "NCDC" ], "producer": [ "NCDC" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Chile" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_a...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) SDG to the USD is currently calculated. . In light of the urgency of the situation, this emergency support will be conducted in a short project implementation ...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank SPF: Improved Livelihoods for Internally Displaced Persons in Azerbaijan (P178125) \|Indicator Name\|Corporate\|Unit of<br>Measur<br>e\|Baseline\|End Target\|Frequency\|Data Source /<br>Methodology\|Responsibility for<br>Data...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "supplementary surveys" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Azerbaijan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "suppleme...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| higher labor inputs and yields. Sen (1966) makes the same point, citing government studies from India. Carter (1984) does as well, based on observations from Haryana, India, even after adjusting for selection bias and for differences in...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "government studies from India", "data from India", "data from Bangladesh" ], "datatype": [ "studies" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "vague", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "background", "background" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| mechanisms. 74. To manage the impacts and risks during project implementation, the Recipient has prepared an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), which was publicly disclosed in country and in **World Bank Websi...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Environmental and Social Management Framework" ], "acronym": [ "ESMF" ], "producer": [ "Recipient" ], "datatype": [ "Framework" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| CZECHIA PROTECTION BRIEF: STATELESSNESS some procedural safeguards. [5] The amendment also grants recognized stateless individuals access to the public health insurance system and provides them with the same rights and access to the...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| many public and private sector services. By addressing the gap of 36 percent in ID ownership (the population lacking a current version of paper based Kebele ID, according to the 2018 ID4D-Findex Survey), the project will contribute to r...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "ID4D-Findex Survey" ], "acronym": [ "ID4D-Findex" ], "timeframe": [ "2018" ], "datatype": [ "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Figure A2: Monthly precipitation anomalies for 19 meteorological stations in Bolivia, 1948-2008 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 CAMIRI CHARAÑA M ar-48 Aug-53 Feb-59 Aug-64 Feb-70 Ju...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Monthly precipitation anomalies for 19 meteorological stations in Bolivia, 1948-2008" ], "timeframe": [ "1948-2008" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "hea...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) the PFIs' total capital, as defined and prescribed by the BEAC. (ii) Have a positive net income for the current and immediately preceding financial year, as...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 205 Notes: t-statistics in parentheses. Significant at 10 percent level, 5 percent level, **1 percent level. Source: authors’ analysis based on data described in the text. T A B L E 6. Determinants of Cane Quality (pol%) Variable (9...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Factory-specific data from annual NFCSF and STAI publications" ], "timeframe": [ "various years" ], "datatype": [ "publications" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA 2022 DEMOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA 13% Women 3% Libya 31% 67% Italy ## SEA MOVEMENTS FROM TUNISIA 84% In 2022, some 58,900 migrants...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "persons disembarked in Tunisia 2022" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "LIBYA", "Libya", "TUNISIA", "Tunisia", "Europe" ] }, "relati...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) Monitoring & Evaluation Plan: Intermediate Results Indicators by Components \|Building institutions and trust\|Col2\| \|---\|---\| \|**ID institution is es...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Federal Negarit Gazette", "Survey via Fayda GRM system", "Fayda GRM system" ], "datatype": [ "Survey", "System" ], "specificity": [ "named", "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| consump‐ tion, and “poor” food consumption. From the analysis of the food consumption data from the household survey (Figure 6), overall, 41.6 percent of the households were found to have “acceptable” food consumption, while 6.6 percent...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "food consumption data from the household survey" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "food consumption data from the ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) Annex 9. Developing a Warehouse Receipt System Village level Warehouse Receipt System scheme _(Warrantage)_ 1. The _Warrantage_ scheme is a vill...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) processes. Second, exclusion: gaps in Kebele ID coverage among adults and low birth registration coverage (around 20 percent in 2022 [15] ). Third, frau...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "qualitative research by ID4D" ], "acronym": [ "ID4D" ], "datatype": [ "research" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ethiopia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_a...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| experiences of decentralisation in Kenya and IndonesiaBMJ Global Health 2018;3:e000939 18 Kairu, A., Orangi, S., Mbuthia, B. et al. Examining health facility financing in Kenya in the context of devolution. BMC Health Serv Res 21, 1086 ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Ministry of Health Kenya Harmonized Health Facility Assessment 2018-19" ], "producer": [ "Ministry of Health" ], "timeframe": [ "2018-19" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Project Appraisal Document Annex I Bumndi - Second Social Action Project Page 1 of 4 Annex 1: Project Design Summary Burundi: Second Social Action Project Sector-related CAS Goal: Sector Indicators: **Sector /Country Rep...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Household surveys", "Social indicators", "Public Expenditure Reviews", "Updates of the Poverty Note" ], "datatype": [ "surveys", "Reviews", "Report" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive", "named", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| _Community Reintegration and Development Project_ _9_ independence of social funds from government will not allow them to improve the institutional capacity of the state and hence to make participation _and_ decentralization work, i.e. ...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| employment initiative for vulnerable urban refugees whose undocumented status made it hard to find work and access basic services, as well as putting them at risk of detention and exploitation. However, COVID-19 made it impossible for U...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| residents to contract serious and fatal cases of COVID-19. With a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), medicines and other supplies, this target group is at considerable risk of being side-lined as other groups are pr...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Integrated Cash Transfer and Human Capital Project (P166220) 66. Fiscal Sustainability of Proposed Program Expansion . The World Bank’s support for the expansion of PNSF assumes that the Government will replace Wo...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Integrated Cash Transfer and Human Capital Project" ], "acronym": [ "P166220" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| measure_ thus creates incentives for nonparticipating ports to increase their capacity for transshipment and transit. [106] An alternative strategy to avoid carbon pricing is to make changes en route in port destinations for outbound vo...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "AIS data" ], "acronym": [ "AIS" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "AIS data", "tail": "AIS" } }, { "has_specificity":...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| surpassing the WHO norm of one health center per 20,000 inhabitants. In 1997, this had fallen to one center per 25,000 in rural areas because of the complete or partial destruction of 60 centers. Large numbers of medical personnel h...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "conventional household surveys" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "conventional household surveys", "ta...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Yemen COVID-19 Response Project (P173862) 10. Supervision Plan: The Bank will carry out quarterly supervision of the project’s activities. The supervision will include desk work, which will include the review of the f...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "financial reports provided by WHO" ], "acronym": [ "WHO" ], "datatype": [ "report" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Yemen" ] }, "relations": [ { "...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| precipitation or streamflow data that could be used to more precisely describe flood risk for a particular country. Nonetheless, the results of the regression analysis using WASP(+1) are consistent with expectations for a flood effect. ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "precipitation or streamflow data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "precipitation or streamflow data", "tail": "descriptive" } }, ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Garissa and Turkana (Percentage) **\| \|Description <br>\|Numerator: Number of refugee women in Garissa and Turkana, receiving postnatal care after delivery within 48 hours.<br>Denominator: Total number of expected live births within the r...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHCR reports", "Routine UNHCR data collection", "KHIS", "Routine HMIS data collection" ], "acronym": [ "UNHCR", "UNHCR", "KHIS" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR", "UNHCR", "MoH" ], "datatype": [ "report" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| trends in the Mediterranean region: first, since early 2017, a number of migration measures have been implemented in Libya and the Sahel region in cooperation with the European Union (EU) to stem the flow of arrivals to Italy, one of wh...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "670,000 refugees and migrants estimated to be in Libya in 2018" ], "producer": [ "UN and other international actors" ], "timeframe": [ "2018" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| have benefitted from recent climate change. This implies that the indigenous people of Bolivia are on average more adversely affected from recent climate change than the nonindigenous population, simply because they happen to live in ar...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "municipality level data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Bolivia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "municipality level data", "tail": "descrip...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank SPF: Improved Livelihoods for Internally Displaced Persons in Azerbaijan (P178125) 11. Findings from the IDP survey reveal limitations in IDP civic engagement and social cohesion. There is a very low level of ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "IDP survey" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Azerbaijan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| entrepreneurs by providing mentoring and coaching activities as well as facilitating the start-ups to reach the market. In addition, SIBA is working on to launch an ‘Entrepreneurship Club’. The gaps and challenges were identified as; - ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "IMECE" ], "acronym": [ "IMECE" ], "producer": [ "Zorlu Holding" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "IMECE", "tail": "IMECE" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| the nature of the emergency makes access difficult or dangerous, or because there are too few actors on the ground. Certain organisations such as the ICRC, UNICEF, or peacekeepers may have access to detained children at this stage durin...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Key informant interviews" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Key informant interviews", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 7 of 21 very low NDVI values year-round, and rivers and water bodies have negative NDVI values during the rainy season. Irrigation agriculture was mapped through a combination of spectral and contextual constraints as cultivated areas w...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "digital elevation model" ], "acronym": [ "SRTM" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "digital elevation model", "tail": "SRTM" }...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 78°49'W 30 Valdivia 39°38'S 73°05'W 43 Puerto Montt 41°26'S 73°06'W 110 Punta Arenas 53°00'S 70°51'W 90 _Source:_ NCDC’s Monthly Climatic Data for the World. The original data was organized in 61 printed volumes with 12 issues in each (...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Monthly Climatic Data for the World" ], "acronym": [ "NCDC" ], "producer": [ "NCDC" ], "timeframe": [ "1960-90" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_ac...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| fixed effects, regressions with year and country fixed effects together, regressions with a one-year time lag and country fixed effects, and regressions with a one-year time lag and country and year fixed effects. For the purposes of th...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "panel data", "GDP growth", "agricultural GDP value added", "industrial GDP value added", "poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population)" ], "timeframe": [ "1961 – 2003" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| the participatory evidence-based planning process. _(v) Improve equity in education by helping children in disadvantaged situation including IDPs, refugees, girls_ . According to the latest Annual School Census, public schools enroll 30...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Annual School Census" ], "datatype": [ "Census" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Darfur" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Annual School Census...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Table 6: Mean hurdle prices with varying electricity price assumptions Technology Lcoe Emission factor Hurdle price $/MWh tons/MWh $/ ton of CO2 a* b c d Pulverized coal 55 0,82 67 248 73 -10 IGCC 57 0,70 75 287 82 -15 Gas 64 0,46 1...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "data from EC", "IEA (2005)" ], "acronym": [ "IEA" ], "producer": [ "IEA" ], "timeframe": [ "2005" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting" ] }, "rel...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| the same time, for the general refugee population, healthcare access remained challenging. According to Protection Profiling and Monitoring, 22% of respondents in need of healthcare experienced difficulties accessing the system in Slova...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Profiling and Monitoring", "Area-Based Assessment", "Intentions Survey" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment", "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "backg...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Appendix Appendix Figure 1: China’s unskilled labor share in total value-added vs variation in top food exports, Jan and Feb 2020 year on year -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% Unskilled labor share in tot...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "GTAP Data Base", "China Customs", "United States Census" ], "acronym": [ "GTAP" ], "producer": [ "Aguiar et al (2019)", "China Customs", "United States Census" ], "timeframe": [ "Version 10", "Jan and Feb 2020...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017 # Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe ### Overview of Trends 2017 #### Arrivals to Europe in 2017 [1] In 2017, 32,963 children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain and Bulgaria, of whom *...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM" ], "timeframe": [ "January to December 2017" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Eur...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Uganda, the proposed project would have a considerable impact in improving accessibility to one of the more remote and poverty-stricken regions of the country. _2. Main sector issues and Government strategy:_ The last Transport Sector M...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Transport Sector Memorandum" ], "timeframe": [ "February 1991" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) ANNEX 1: Implementation Arrangements and Support Plan A. Project Institutional and Implementation Arrangements 1 . The Recipient will be rep...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Similarly, partners Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) and Chagai Foundation distributed assistive devices, including wheelchairs and crutches, to 133 individuals with mobility challenges, enabling ease their movement from one service pro...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "identification, case management, and ProGres database" ], "acronym": [ "ProGres" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relation...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| by 3 percent (-0.2 percent per capita). [2] 2. Chad is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a GDP per capita estimated at US$715.52 in 2023 [3] . It was ranked 189 [th] out of 193 countries [4] on the United Natio...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "United Nations Human Development Index" ], "producer": [ "United Nations" ], "timeframe": [ "2023" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Chad" ] }, "relations": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| children from the bottom income quintile of households proceed to Form 1 of secondary education, while 77 percent of children from the top income quintile do. Low access to secondary education for the bottom income quintiles of populati...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "enrollment in 2017" ], "timeframe": [ "2017" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Sudan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "head": "enrollment in 2017", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Perez-Rodriguez, D. (2012). The inclusion of shipping in the EU emissions trading scheme: a legal analysis in the light of public international law, _Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental_, 3(2), 1; Rahim, M. M., Islam, M. T., and Kuruppu,...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "IMO Greenhouse Gas Study" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "IMO Greenhouse Gas Study", "tail": "named" } }, { "has_usage": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| of agribusinesses. 13. _Sixth_ , even though agriculture is the most important source of income for most of the population, it **receives only 2.2 percent of financial sector credit (see Annex 8 for Financial Sector Assessment)....	{ "entities": { "name": [ "gender inequality index", "Annex 8 for Financial Sector Assessment" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment" ], "specificity": [ "named", "vague" ], "usage": [ "primary", "background" ], ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| and tenancy data are comparable across the two surveys, part of the empirical work uses both data sets together. Our analysis of landlord supervision, however, relies solely on the 2001 survey, since the relevant questions were not aske...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2001 survey" ], "timeframe": [ "2001" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Pakistan", "Sindh", "Punjab" ] }, "relations": [ { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| This paper makes two contributions to the literature exploring how outcomes at birth are affected by prenatal shocks. First, rather than considering occasional shocks, we consider the effects of extreme weather shocks, whose incidence a...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "administrative, nationally representative birth records" ], "datatype": [ "records" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "administrative, nation...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Tol, R. S. (2009). The economic effects of climate change. _Journal_ _of_ _economic_ _perspectives_, _23_ (2), 29–51. World Bank. (2016). _Global_ _consumption_ _database._ World Bank. World Bank. (2018). _Poverty_ _and_ _shared_ _prosp...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "household survey" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "household survey", "tail": "survey" } }, ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| health facilities supported under the project, as part of the transition to county management, in<br>Garissa and Turkana (registration in the master facility list, provision of non-program HPTs from KEMSA, staffing). <br>\| \|Frequency <b...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "master facility list", "KHIS", "Routine HMIS data collection" ], "acronym": [ "KHIS" ], "datatype": [ "list" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| only -0.14, which is lower in magnitude as compared to the lowest magnitude of long-run own price elasticity of gasoline reported by the literature. There also exist some studies that estimate both own-price elasticities and cross-price...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "data from selected OECD countries" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "data from selected OECD countries", "tail": "descriptive" } }...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| capacity and experience that is already in place. Twitezimbere would implement the community infrastructure, community mobilization, and administration components of the proposed project. It would apply the procedures detailed in the Ma...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "the ISTEEBU" ], "acronym": [ "ISTEEBU" ], "producer": [ "national statistical institute" ], "datatype": [ "monitoring" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| of emergency cases reported to KAFA, requesting legal assistance. Additionally, and in reference again to KAFA’s analysis of women and girls’ survivors of GBV access to justice services, it revealed that women migrant domestic workers s...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "GBVIMS" ], "acronym": [ "GBVIMS" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "reports" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head"...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) activities and will be assisted by a team of M&E specialists in the four regional coordination units. The project will use the Geo-Enabling Monitoring Syste...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Geo-Enabling Monitoring System", "surveys covering both reference and treatment samples", "M&E reports" ], "acronym": [ "GEMS", "M&E" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "every six months" ], "datatype...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| of wealthier tenants, who can be given stronger incentives and concomitantly less supervision. The combination of these two effects, however, operates only at the margin between the MS and S contract, whereas the matching effect alone o...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "PRHS-01" ], "acronym": [ "PRHS-01" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "PRHS-01", "tail": "PRHS-01" } }, { "has_specificit...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| of diverse cooperation between diverse groups. groups by bringing them together for work that is in their common interest. The Govemnment does not transfer complementary M Country team will work with the Gov. (recurrent) budget resource...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Poverty monitoring system" ], "datatype": [ "system" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Poverty monitoring system", "tail": "syste...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| # WPS4125 ## Incentives, Supervision, and Sharecropper Productivity Hanan G. Jacoby* Ghazala Mansuri* Abstract Although sharecropping has long fascinated economists, the determinants of this contractual form are still poorly underst...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Unique data on monitoring frequency collected from sharetenants in rural Pakistan" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Unique data on monitoring frequency c...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| - 7 poor. Recall that the program to be evaluated involved free-of-charge CFL distribution. All of these issues will be addressed in the following analysis. **Table 2. Engineering calculations of energy savings expected from the CFL bul...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "EEPCO" ], "producer": [ "Authors" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "EEPCO", "tail": "Authors" } }, { "has_specifici...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| index of climatic suitability for rice cultivation generated by the FAO, incorporating precipitation and temperature as well as other soil and topographic features. More specifically, the analysis utilizes the FAO’s index of suitability...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "index of climatic suitability for rice cultivation generated by the FAO", "FAO’s index of suitability for high-input-level irrigated rice", "county-level weather data reported directly by counties to provincial weather bureaus", "weather station data" ], ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| standard. In areas of industrial or economic importance, the safety level can be upgraded on a case-by-case basis. The classification system is used to set the safety standard for each stretch of the coastal protection system. Grade I o...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "MARD 2012" ], "acronym": [ "MARD" ], "timeframe": [ "2012" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "hea...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| discussion was held in the shelter for homeless in Nitra. Ms Pietruchová asked about the self-identification and access to free services and cases when the police does not classify the case as a criminal act of human trafficking. To...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Economic Review 321 _Xi_ is a vector of household and land characteristics, [9] _Xv_ of village characteristics. [10] The heterogeneity in productivity across castes and States is taken into account by controlling for Cas...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| effects, with the direct effects accounting for less than 14 percent of the final change in cost of living. Note that the direct effect is simply computed as the product of the share of total consumption accounted for by oil and other f...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "SAM" ], "acronym": [ "SAM" ], "timeframe": [ "2005" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "SAM", "tail": "SAM" } }, ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Policy Research Working Paper 5554 #### Abstract This paper develops a methodology for regional disaggregated estimation and mapping of the areas that are ex-ante the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "vulnerability index" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Tajikistan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "vulnerability index", "tail": "descriptive"...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 600,000. In Ecuador, a new regularization process resulted in 14,905 temporary stay certificates, and almost 15,000 new or renewed VIRTE visas. Brazil granted over 479,000 temporary residency permits. In Uruguay, more than 2,500 asylum-...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "temporary stay certificates", "VIRTE visas", "temporary residency permits", "humanitarian stay permit" ], "timeframe": [ "2021" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "prima...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| for the Food Security Sector and military conducting camp coordination camp management (CCCM) for IDP camps in newly accessible areas. ### PROTECTION PROJECTIONS FOR 2017 The Protection Sector findings in the 2017 Humanitarian Needs...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2017 Humanitarian Needs Overview" ], "timeframe": [ "2017" ], "datatype": [ "Overview" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Borno, Adamawa and Yobe", "Nigeria" ] ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| will be conducted by an independent private auditor acceptable to IDA, according to TOR acceptable to IDA, and such audits will be submitted within 4 months of the end of the year; viii) SFKC with prior IDA approval may enter into coope...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "provincial targeting map and district ranking", "quarterly Project Management Reports integrating financial and physical progress indicators" ], "producer": [ "IDA", "IDA" ], "datatype": [ "Reports" ], "specificity": [ "descrip...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| the international community to work together to stop wars and build and preserve peace.” UNHCR’s report shows that in region after region, the number of refugees and internally displaced people is on the rise. In the past five years, at...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHCR’s report" ], "acronym": [ "UNHCR" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "datatype": [ "report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Africa", "Central African ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) all IDPs), namely, Central, North, and South Darfur, refugee students are distributed among half of Sudan’s states: South Kordofan (17 percent), White Nile (13...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "public schools in Sudan (14,429 schools)" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Sudan", "Darfur", "South Kordofan", "Khartoum" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specifi...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Patlolla, Goodhue, and Sexton 617 Descriptive statistics of the household survey administered in fall 2008 are reported in table 1. Consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model, on average, the per unit cultivation cost for ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "household survey" ], "timeframe": [ "2008" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "head": "household survey", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Annex Table 2: Comparison of log of net revenue per acre regression with full and restricted sample, using self reported land area Total Sample Matching plots 1 2 Log Land Size -0.74* -0.73* [0.000] [0.000] D...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHS 2005_" ], "acronym": [ "UNHS" ], "producer": [ "Authors" ], "timeframe": [ "2005" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head":...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| land size and -0.83 in the specification using the GPS measure of agricultural plots. Both estimates therefore support the IR hypothesis. When the GPS measure of farm size is used, however, the absolute value of the coefficient increase...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "GPS measure of agricultural plots" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "GPS measure of agricultural plots", "tail": "descriptive" } }, ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| women, who are generally the primary care-givers for infants and children, lack information on beneficial practices related to child nutrition, parenting practices, and child stimulation. For example, the proportion of women with childr...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Population data for example were a key to design the relief actions when Mozambique faced the devastating floods in 2000. The National Statistical Development Strategy (NSDS) represents the framework for coordinating all national survey...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "climate data and information", "basic data on climate risks and livelihood conditions" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Mozambique" ] }, ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| <br>Routine monitoring<br> <br>SEAS<br>\|People in the social registry that received<br>national identity cards with the support of<br>the project<br>Number of people for whom<br>the project facilitated<br>obtaining a national identity<b...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "PNSF MIS", "SEAS", "PNSF complaints registered electronically" ], "acronym": [ "PNSF", "SEAS" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "primary", "background"...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Latin America and the Caribbean remains a region that continues to offer meaningful opportunities to drive progress on protection and solutions for refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people. Yet, to convert this potential into l...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "POPULATION IN THE AMERICAS" ], "timeframe": [ "2025" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Latin America", "Caribbean" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": {...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Annual Report 2019 ## Iraq INNOVATION Egypt INNOVATION FUNDING 89m received FUNDING 64m received 92,092 Syrian refugees accessed water through an improved water network 2,251 Syrian children received cash ass...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Annual Report 2019" ], "timeframe": [ "2019" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Iraq", "Egypt" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| the emergency operations until the RAFU to be established under the IDA-financed RSISTAP is operational. After which, project implementation of the emergency project would be transferred to RAFU. The key staff of RAFU will be assigned t...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| supplies and global food prices of export restrictions. As of the end of April, more than 20 governments had imposed some form of restrictions on food exports (EUI-GTA-WB, 2020). As food prices increase due to the initial Covid-19 shock...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "EUI-GTA-WB" ], "acronym": [ "EUI-GTA-WB" ], "timeframe": [ "2020" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "EUI-GTA-WB", "tail": "...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| are<br>globally satisfied with the<br>infrastructures<br>Once<br> <br>Survey<br> <br>Survey at end of project<br> <br>SEAS<br>\|Beneficiaries satisfied with the<br>community infrastructures financed by<br>the project<br>Percentage of dir...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Survey at end of project", "SEAS" ], "acronym": [ "SEAS" ], "datatype": [ "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_data...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| capacity is paramount for how climate events translate into human and economic consequences (Heltberg, Siegel, Jorgensen, 2009). Another stark example is the impact of earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. While more than 200,000 people died ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "regionally disaggregated map of climate vulnerability" ], "datatype": [ "map" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Haiti and Chile", "Haiti", "Chile" ] }, "relati...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) and modern drying technologies. The access to finance will allow the cooperative to invest into better drying equipment, resulting into a reduction of post-...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project" ], "acronym": [ "P179238" ], "producer": [ "The World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) \|lack of a need to prove identity for e-services<br>for example.\|Col2\|Col3\| \|---\|---\|---\| \|A sizeable female refugee population is<br>**particularly...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project", "UNHCR 2022", "current Kebele ID system" ], "producer": [ "World Bank", "UNHCR" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "system" ], "specificity": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) \|Component Name\|Cost (US$)\| \|---\|---\| \|Building institutions and trust\|21,000,000.00\| \|Establishing scalable and secure Fayda ICT infrastructure\|68,000,...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Economic Review 229 Figure 2. Pre-Trends Prior to Quota Price Increase _Source_ : Data from the Research Center for the Rural Economy (RCRE) household panel analyzed by the author. _Note_ : These figures show trends o...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Data from the Research Center for the Rural Economy (RCRE) household panel" ], "acronym": [ "RCRE" ], "producer": [ "Research Center for the Rural Economy" ], "datatype": [ "household panel" ], "specificity": [ "named" ],...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) \|Social Risks\|Mitigation Measures\| \|---\|---\| \|mismanagement,<br>which can lead to<br>negative<br>consequences for<br>individuals. The risks<br>become ev...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Fayda" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Ethiopia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Fayda", "tail": "named" } }, { "has_usage": {...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| streets or in informal accommodation. _* Figures reflect the situation as of end of December 2017_ _Sources: EKKA-Greece, UNHCR, UNICEF, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy,_ _Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, Bulgarian Helsi...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "EKKA-Greece", "UNHCR", "UNICEF", "Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy", "Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees" ], "producer": [ "EKKA-Greece", "UNHCR", "UNICEF", "Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy", "B...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| they most probably cannot afford to lose their jobs. According to the GBVIMS Report of quarter 1 and 2 in 2021, 22% of sexual violence incidents reported happened at the workplace. This increased percentages are in line with the...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "GBVIMS Report of quarter 1 and 2 in 2021", "data collected through the GBVIMS in 2021" ], "acronym": [ "GBVIMS", "GBVIMS" ], "timeframe": [ "quarter 1 and 2 in 2021", "2021" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specifici...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| iii CAMBODIA Social Fund II Project CONTENTS Project Financing Data 1 A. Project Development Objective 2 1. Project development objective and key performance indicators 2 B. Strategic Context 3 1. Sec...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Project Financing Data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "CAMBODIA" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Project Financing Data", "tail": "descr...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| smallholder farmers and agribusinesses in the country; and (II) elaborating on how the Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project will contribute to addressing some of the constraints identified especially through the contemplated Bu...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "World Development Indicators" ], "datatype": [ "Indicators" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Chad" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "World Deve...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The project will closely collaborate with REDISSE IV which will support the roll-out of DHIS2 and the overall strengthening of the country’s health management information system, as well as to facilitate recording and real-time sharing ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHIS2", "Geo-enabled Monitoring Systems (GEMS)" ], "acronym": [ "DHIS2", "GEMS" ], "datatype": [ "Systems" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "supporting" ], "geog...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| technologies, using recent data on levelized costs. 2. Carbon markets and the social cost of carbon It is difficult to speak of a single divergence between the market price of carbon and the social cost of carbon because there are m...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "recent data on levelized costs" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "recent data on levelized costs", "tail": "vague" } }, { "has...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| standard deviations below or above the median of an international reference group. [7] The Nigeria DHS samples were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design.The2003DHSconsistsof7,864householdsin365clustersor villages, with 5...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Nigeria DHS" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Nigeria" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "hea...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| no perceptible impact on productivity for males. Signs and significance on inputs are as expected with land contributing most (40%), followed by chemical fertilizer (11%), seed (10%), agricultural assets and organic manure (6%). Althoug...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | donors, including the African Development Bank and the UNHCR. Twitezimbere works with the Government under an agreement _(Convention)_ of April 20, 1993 and is recognized by the Ministry of the Interior as a non profit organization on t...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "technical audits", "a survey of beneficiaries" ], "timeframe": [ "1997 and 1998-99" ], "datatype": [ "audits", "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "sup...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the International Rescue Committee (IRC) Protection Monitoring reports in December 2020, a higher percentage of boys were reported to be out of school in comparison to girls, this may be linked to the fact that more boys are being engag...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "International Rescue Committee (IRC) Protection Monitoring reports" ], "acronym": [ "IRC" ], "producer": [ "International Rescue Committee" ], "timeframe": [ "December 2020" ], "datatype": [ "reports" ], "specificity"...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | was gradually integrated into the climate regime. In 2014 states created NAZCA. NAZCA provides a platform within the UNFCCC for sharing information about non-state and substate climate activities. 43 Bernstein 2001. 44 Bernstein 2002, 1...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "NAZCA" ], "acronym": [ "NAZCA" ], "producer": [ "UNFCCC" ], "timeframe": [ "2014" ], "datatype": [ "platform" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Required are alternative accommodations for IDPs living in flood plains. Essential materials include timbers, tarps, and nails. There is an urgent need for shelter response is **USD 2.9 million.** **Non-Food Items (NFI** ): Majority of ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Composite Scores on water supply and Sanitation" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Composite Scores on water supply and Sanitation", "tail": "vagu...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | ### References Adams, R. M. McCarl, K. Segerson, C. Rosenzweig, K.J. Bryant, B. L. Dixon, R. Conner, R. Evenson, D. Ojima, 1999. The economic effects of climate change on US agriculture. In: R. Mendelsohn and J. Neumann (Editors), The I...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Special Sensor Microwave Imager" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Africa" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Special Sensor Microwave Imager", "tai...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | national social registry and financing socio-economic infrastructure in localities with refugees living in host communities that are not already covered by other refugee programs, the project will contribute to creating social and econo...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "national social registry and financing socio-economic infrastructure" ], "datatype": [ "system" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Djibouti" ] }, "relations": [ { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Table 8: Estimated precipitation trend (mm/decade) for seven stations in Chile** **Station** **Trend** **t-value** **P-value** **# of obs.** Arica -0.02 -0.28 0.782 632 Antofagasta 0.02 0.75 0.451 585 La Serena 0.05 0.10 0.923 618 Isl...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Monthly Climatic Data for the World" ], "acronym": [ "NCDC" ], "producer": [ "NCDC" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Chile" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_a...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) SDG to the USD is currently calculated. . In light of the urgency of the situation, this emergency support will be conducted in a short project implementation ...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

{ "entities": { "name": [ "supplementary surveys" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Azerbaijan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "suppleme...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | higher labor inputs and yields. Sen (1966) makes the same point, citing government studies from India. Carter (1984) does as well, based on observations from Haryana, India, even after adjusting for selection bias and for differences in...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "government studies from India", "data from India", "data from Bangladesh" ], "datatype": [ "studies" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "vague", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "background", "background" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | mechanisms. 74. **To manage the impacts and risks during project implementation, the Recipient has prepared an** **Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), which was publicly disclosed in country and in** **World Bank Websi...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Environmental and Social Management Framework" ], "acronym": [ "ESMF" ], "producer": [ "Recipient" ], "datatype": [ "Framework" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | CZECHIA PROTECTION BRIEF: **STATELESSNESS** some procedural safeguards. [5] The amendment also grants recognized stateless individuals access to the public health insurance system and provides them with the same rights and access to the...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | many public and private sector services. By addressing the gap of 36 percent in ID ownership (the population lacking a current version of paper based Kebele ID, according to the 2018 ID4D-Findex Survey), the project will contribute to r...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "ID4D-Findex Survey" ], "acronym": [ "ID4D-Findex" ], "timeframe": [ "2018" ], "datatype": [ "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Figure A2: Monthly precipitation anomalies for 19 meteorological stations in Bolivia, 1948-2008** 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 -150 -200 **CAMIRI** **CHARAÑA** M ar-48 Aug-53 Feb-59 Aug-64 Feb-70 Ju...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Monthly precipitation anomalies for 19 meteorological stations in Bolivia, 1948-2008" ], "timeframe": [ "1948-2008" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "hea...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) the PFIs' total capital, as defined and prescribed by the BEAC. (ii) Have a positive net income for the current and immediately preceding financial year, as...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 205 Notes: t-statistics in parentheses. Significant at *10 percent level, **5 percent level, ***1 percent level. Source: authors’ analysis based on data described in the text. T A B L E 6. Determinants of Cane Quality (pol%) Variable (9...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Factory-specific data from annual NFCSF and STAI publications" ], "timeframe": [ "various years" ], "datatype": [ "publications" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **DISEMBARKATIONS FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA** **2022** **DEMOGRAPHIC BREAKDOWN OF DISEMBARKATIONS** **FOLLOWING DEPARTURE FROM LIBYA** 13% Women 3% Libya 31% 67% Italy ## SEA MOVEMENTS FROM TUNISIA 84% In 2022, some 58,900 migrants...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "persons disembarked in Tunisia 2022" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "LIBYA", "Libya", "TUNISIA", "Tunisia", "Europe" ] }, "relati...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) **Monitoring & Evaluation Plan: Intermediate Results Indicators by Components** |Building institutions and trust|Col2| |---|---| |**ID institution is es...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Federal Negarit Gazette", "Survey via Fayda GRM system", "Fayda GRM system" ], "datatype": [ "Survey", "System" ], "specificity": [ "named", "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | consump‐ tion, and “poor” food consumption. From the analysis of the food consumption data from the household survey (Figure 6), overall, 41.6 percent of the households were found to have “acceptable” food consumption, while 6.6 percent...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "food consumption data from the household survey" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "food consumption data from the ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) **Annex 9. Developing a Warehouse Receipt System** **Village level Warehouse Receipt System scheme** _**(Warrantage)**_ 1. The _Warrantage_ scheme is a vill...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) processes. Second, exclusion: gaps in Kebele ID coverage among adults and low birth registration coverage (around 20 percent in 2022 [15] ). Third, frau...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "qualitative research by ID4D" ], "acronym": [ "ID4D" ], "datatype": [ "research" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ethiopia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_a...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | experiences of decentralisation in Kenya and IndonesiaBMJ Global Health 2018;3:e000939 18 Kairu, A., Orangi, S., Mbuthia, B. et al. Examining health facility financing in Kenya in the context of devolution. BMC Health Serv Res 21, 1086 ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Ministry of Health Kenya Harmonized Health Facility Assessment 2018-19" ], "producer": [ "Ministry of Health" ], "timeframe": [ "2018-19" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Project Appraisal Document Annex I Bumndi - Second Social Action Project Page 1 of 4 **Annex 1: Project Design Summary** **Burundi: Second Social Action Project** **Sector-related CAS Goal:** **Sector Indicators:** **Sector /Country Rep...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Household surveys", "Social indicators", "Public Expenditure Reviews", "Updates of the Poverty Note" ], "datatype": [ "surveys", "Reviews", "Report" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive", "named", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | _Community Reintegration and Development Project_ _9_ independence of social funds from government will not allow them to improve the institutional capacity of the state and hence to make participation _and_ decentralization work, i.e. ...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | employment initiative for vulnerable urban refugees whose undocumented status made it hard to find work and access basic services, as well as putting them at risk of detention and exploitation. However, COVID-19 made it impossible for U...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | residents to contract serious and fatal cases of COVID-19. With a global shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), medicines and other supplies, this target group is at considerable risk of being side-lined as other groups are pr...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Integrated Cash Transfer and Human Capital Project (P166220) 66. **Fiscal Sustainability of Proposed Program Expansion** . The World Bank’s support for the expansion of PNSF assumes that the Government will replace Wo...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Integrated Cash Transfer and Human Capital Project" ], "acronym": [ "P166220" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | measure_ thus creates incentives for nonparticipating ports to increase their capacity for transshipment and transit. [106] An alternative strategy to avoid carbon pricing is to make changes en route in port destinations for outbound vo...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "AIS data" ], "acronym": [ "AIS" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "AIS data", "tail": "AIS" } }, { "has_specificity":...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | surpassing the WHO **norm** of one health center per 20,000 inhabitants. In 1997, this had fallen to one center per 25,000 in rural areas because of the complete or partial destruction of 60 centers. Large numbers of medical personnel h...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "conventional household surveys" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "conventional household surveys", "ta...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Yemen COVID-19 Response Project (P173862) 10. Supervision Plan: The Bank will carry out quarterly supervision of the project’s activities. The supervision will include desk work, which will include the review of the f...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "financial reports provided by WHO" ], "acronym": [ "WHO" ], "datatype": [ "report" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Yemen" ] }, "relations": [ { "...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | precipitation or streamflow data that could be used to more precisely describe flood risk for a particular country. Nonetheless, the results of the regression analysis using WASP(+1) are consistent with expectations for a flood effect. ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "precipitation or streamflow data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "precipitation or streamflow data", "tail": "descriptive" } }, ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHCR reports", "Routine UNHCR data collection", "KHIS", "Routine HMIS data collection" ], "acronym": [ "UNHCR", "UNHCR", "KHIS" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR", "UNHCR", "MoH" ], "datatype": [ "report" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | trends in the Mediterranean region: first, since early 2017, a number of migration measures have been implemented in Libya and the Sahel region in cooperation with the European Union (EU) to stem the flow of arrivals to Italy, one of wh...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "670,000 refugees and migrants estimated to be in Libya in 2018" ], "producer": [ "UN and other international actors" ], "timeframe": [ "2018" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | have benefitted from recent climate change. This implies that the indigenous people of Bolivia are on average more adversely affected from recent climate change than the nonindigenous population, simply because they happen to live in ar...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "municipality level data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Bolivia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "municipality level data", "tail": "descrip...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** SPF: Improved Livelihoods for Internally Displaced Persons in Azerbaijan (P178125) 11. **Findings from the IDP survey reveal limitations in IDP civic engagement and social** **cohesion.** There is a very low level of ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "IDP survey" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Azerbaijan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | entrepreneurs by providing mentoring and coaching activities as well as facilitating the start-ups to reach the market. In addition, SIBA is working on to launch an ‘Entrepreneurship Club’. The gaps and challenges were identified as; - ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "IMECE" ], "acronym": [ "IMECE" ], "producer": [ "Zorlu Holding" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "IMECE", "tail": "IMECE" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the nature of the emergency makes access difficult or dangerous, or because there are too few actors on the ground. Certain organisations such as the ICRC, UNICEF, or peacekeepers may have access to detained children at this stage durin...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Key informant interviews" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Key informant interviews", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 7 of 21 very low NDVI values year-round, and rivers and water bodies have negative NDVI values during the rainy season. Irrigation agriculture was mapped through a combination of spectral and contextual constraints as cultivated areas w...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "digital elevation model" ], "acronym": [ "SRTM" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "digital elevation model", "tail": "SRTM" }...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 78°49'W 30 Valdivia 39°38'S 73°05'W 43 Puerto Montt 41°26'S 73°06'W 110 Punta Arenas 53°00'S 70°51'W 90 _Source:_ NCDC’s Monthly Climatic Data for the World. The original data was organized in 61 printed volumes with 12 issues in each (...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Monthly Climatic Data for the World" ], "acronym": [ "NCDC" ], "producer": [ "NCDC" ], "timeframe": [ "1960-90" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_ac...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | fixed effects, regressions with year and country fixed effects together, regressions with a one-year time lag and country fixed effects, and regressions with a one-year time lag and country and year fixed effects. For the purposes of th...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "panel data", "GDP growth", "agricultural GDP value added", "industrial GDP value added", "poverty headcount ratio at national poverty line (% of population)" ], "timeframe": [ "1961 – 2003" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the participatory evidence-based planning process. _(v) Improve equity in education by helping children in disadvantaged situation including IDPs, refugees, girls_ . According to the latest Annual School Census, public schools enroll 30...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Annual School Census" ], "datatype": [ "Census" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Darfur" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Annual School Census...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Table 6: Mean hurdle prices with varying electricity price assumptions** Technology Lcoe Emission factor Hurdle price $/MWh tons/MWh $/ ton of CO2 a* b c d Pulverized coal 55 0,82 67 248 73 -10 IGCC 57 0,70 75 287 82 -15 Gas 64 0,46 1...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "data from EC", "IEA (2005)" ], "acronym": [ "IEA" ], "producer": [ "IEA" ], "timeframe": [ "2005" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting" ] }, "rel...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the same time, for the general refugee population, healthcare access remained challenging. According to Protection Profiling and Monitoring, 22% of respondents in need of healthcare experienced difficulties accessing the system in Slova...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Profiling and Monitoring", "Area-Based Assessment", "Intentions Survey" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment", "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "backg...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Appendix** **Appendix Figure 1: China’s unskilled labor share in total value-added vs variation in top food exports, Jan and Feb 2020 year on year** -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% Unskilled labor share in tot...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "GTAP Data Base", "China Customs", "United States Census" ], "acronym": [ "GTAP" ], "producer": [ "Aguiar et al (2019)", "China Customs", "United States Census" ], "timeframe": [ "Version 10", "Jan and Feb 2020...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017 # Refugee and Migrant Children in Europe ### Overview of Trends 2017 #### Arrivals to Europe in 2017 [1] In 2017, **32,963** children arrived in Greece, Italy, Spain and Bulgaria, of whom *...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM January to December 2017" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR, UNICEF and IOM" ], "timeframe": [ "January to December 2017" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Eur...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Uganda, the proposed project would have a considerable impact in improving accessibility to one of the more remote and poverty-stricken regions of the country. _2. Main sector issues and Government strategy:_ The last Transport Sector M...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Transport Sector Memorandum" ], "timeframe": [ "February 1991" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) **ANNEX 1: Implementation Arrangements and Support Plan** **A.** **Project Institutional and Implementation Arrangements** 1 **.** The Recipient will be rep...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Similarly, partners Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) and Chagai Foundation distributed assistive devices, including wheelchairs and crutches, to **133** individuals with mobility challenges, enabling ease their movement from one service pro...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "identification, case management, and ProGres database" ], "acronym": [ "ProGres" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relation...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | by 3 percent (-0.2 percent per capita). [2] 2. **Chad is one of the poorest countries in the world, with a GDP per capita estimated at US$715.52 in 2023** **[3]** **.** It was ranked 189 [th] out of 193 countries [4] on the United Natio...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "United Nations Human Development Index" ], "producer": [ "United Nations" ], "timeframe": [ "2023" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Chad" ] }, "relations": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | children from the bottom income quintile of households proceed to Form 1 of secondary education, while 77 percent of children from the top income quintile do. Low access to secondary education for the bottom income quintiles of populati...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "enrollment in 2017" ], "timeframe": [ "2017" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Sudan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "head": "enrollment in 2017", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Perez-Rodriguez, D. (2012). The inclusion of shipping in the EU emissions trading scheme: a legal analysis in the light of public international law, _Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental_, 3(2), 1; Rahim, M. M., Islam, M. T., and Kuruppu,...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "IMO Greenhouse Gas Study" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "IMO Greenhouse Gas Study", "tail": "named" } }, { "has_usage": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | of agribusinesses. 13. _**Sixth**_ **, even though agriculture is the most important source of income for most of the population, it** **receives only 2.2 percent of financial sector credit (see Annex 8 for Financial Sector Assessment)....

{ "entities": { "name": [ "gender inequality index", "Annex 8 for Financial Sector Assessment" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment" ], "specificity": [ "named", "vague" ], "usage": [ "primary", "background" ], ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and tenancy data are comparable across the two surveys, part of the empirical work uses both data sets together. Our analysis of landlord supervision, however, relies solely on the 2001 survey, since the relevant questions were not aske...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2001 survey" ], "timeframe": [ "2001" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Pakistan", "Sindh", "Punjab" ] }, "relations": [ { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | This paper makes two contributions to the literature exploring how outcomes at birth are affected by prenatal shocks. First, rather than considering occasional shocks, we consider the effects of extreme weather shocks, whose incidence a...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "administrative, nationally representative birth records" ], "datatype": [ "records" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "administrative, nation...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Tol, R. S. (2009). The economic effects of climate change. _Journal_ _of_ _economic_ _perspectives_, _23_ (2), 29–51. World Bank. (2016). _Global_ _consumption_ _database._ World Bank. World Bank. (2018). _Poverty_ _and_ _shared_ _prosp...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "household survey" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "household survey", "tail": "survey" } }, ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | health facilities supported under the project, as part of the transition to county management, in Garissa and Turkana (registration in the master facility list, provision of non-program HPTs from KEMSA, staffing). | |Frequency <b...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "master facility list", "KHIS", "Routine HMIS data collection" ], "acronym": [ "KHIS" ], "datatype": [ "list" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | only -0.14, which is lower in magnitude as compared to the lowest magnitude of long-run own price elasticity of gasoline reported by the literature. There also exist some studies that estimate both own-price elasticities and cross-price...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "data from selected OECD countries" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "data from selected OECD countries", "tail": "descriptive" } }...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | capacity and experience that is already in place. Twitezimbere would implement the community infrastructure, community mobilization, and administration components of the proposed project. It would apply the procedures detailed in the Ma...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "the ISTEEBU" ], "acronym": [ "ISTEEBU" ], "producer": [ "national statistical institute" ], "datatype": [ "monitoring" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | of emergency cases reported to KAFA, requesting legal assistance. Additionally, and in reference again to KAFA’s analysis of women and girls’ survivors of GBV access to justice services, it revealed that women migrant domestic workers s...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "GBVIMS" ], "acronym": [ "GBVIMS" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "reports" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head"...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) activities and will be assisted by a team of M&E specialists in the four regional coordination units. The project will use the Geo-Enabling Monitoring Syste...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Geo-Enabling Monitoring System", "surveys covering both reference and treatment samples", "M&E reports" ], "acronym": [ "GEMS", "M&E" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "every six months" ], "datatype...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | of wealthier tenants, who can be given stronger incentives and concomitantly less supervision. The combination of these two effects, however, operates only at the margin between the MS and S contract, whereas the matching effect alone o...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "PRHS-01" ], "acronym": [ "PRHS-01" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "PRHS-01", "tail": "PRHS-01" } }, { "has_specificit...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | of diverse cooperation between diverse groups. groups by bringing them together for work that is in their common interest. The Govemnment does not transfer complementary M Country team will work with the Gov. (recurrent) budget resource...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Poverty monitoring system" ], "datatype": [ "system" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Poverty monitoring system", "tail": "syste...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | # WPS4125 ## Incentives, Supervision, and Sharecropper Productivity Hanan G. Jacoby* Ghazala Mansuri* **Abstract** Although sharecropping has long fascinated economists, the determinants of this contractual form are still poorly underst...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Unique data on monitoring frequency collected from sharetenants in rural Pakistan" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Unique data on monitoring frequency c...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | - 7 poor. Recall that the program to be evaluated involved free-of-charge CFL distribution. All of these issues will be addressed in the following analysis. **Table 2. Engineering calculations of energy savings expected from the CFL bul...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "EEPCO" ], "producer": [ "Authors" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "EEPCO", "tail": "Authors" } }, { "has_specifici...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | index of climatic suitability for rice cultivation generated by the FAO, incorporating precipitation and temperature as well as other soil and topographic features. More specifically, the analysis utilizes the FAO’s index of suitability...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "index of climatic suitability for rice cultivation generated by the FAO", "FAO’s index of suitability for high-input-level irrigated rice", "county-level weather data reported directly by counties to provincial weather bureaus", "weather station data" ], ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | standard. In areas of industrial or economic importance, the safety level can be upgraded on a case-by-case basis. The classification system is used to set the safety standard for each stretch of the coastal protection system. Grade I o...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "MARD 2012" ], "acronym": [ "MARD" ], "timeframe": [ "2012" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "hea...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | discussion was held in the shelter for homeless in Nitra. **Ms Pietruchová** asked about the self-identification and access to free services and cases when the police does not classify the case as a criminal act of human trafficking. To...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The World Bank Economic Review 321 _Xi_ is a vector of household and land characteristics, [9] _Xv_ of village characteristics. [10] The heterogeneity in productivity across castes and States is taken into account by controlling for Cas...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | effects, with the direct effects accounting for less than 14 percent of the final change in cost of living. Note that the direct effect is simply computed as the product of the share of total consumption accounted for by oil and other f...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "SAM" ], "acronym": [ "SAM" ], "timeframe": [ "2005" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "SAM", "tail": "SAM" } }, ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Policy Research Working Paper 5554 #### **Abstract** This paper develops a methodology for regional disaggregated estimation and mapping of the areas that are ex-ante the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and variability ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "vulnerability index" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Tajikistan" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "vulnerability index", "tail": "descriptive"...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 600,000. In Ecuador, a new regularization process resulted in 14,905 temporary stay certificates, and almost 15,000 new or renewed VIRTE visas. Brazil granted over 479,000 temporary residency permits. In Uruguay, more than 2,500 asylum-...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "temporary stay certificates", "VIRTE visas", "temporary residency permits", "humanitarian stay permit" ], "timeframe": [ "2021" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "prima...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | for the Food Security Sector and military conducting camp coordination camp management (CCCM) for IDP camps in newly accessible areas. ### **PROTECTION PROJECTIONS FOR 2017** The Protection Sector findings in the 2017 Humanitarian Needs...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2017 Humanitarian Needs Overview" ], "timeframe": [ "2017" ], "datatype": [ "Overview" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Borno, Adamawa and Yobe", "Nigeria" ] ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | will be conducted by an independent private auditor acceptable to IDA, according to TOR acceptable to IDA, and such audits will be submitted within 4 months of the end of the year; viii) SFKC with prior IDA approval may enter into coope...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "provincial targeting map and district ranking", "quarterly Project Management Reports integrating financial and physical progress indicators" ], "producer": [ "IDA", "IDA" ], "datatype": [ "Reports" ], "specificity": [ "descrip...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the international community to work together to stop wars and build and preserve peace.” UNHCR’s report shows that in region after region, the number of refugees and internally displaced people is on the rise. In the past five years, at...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHCR’s report" ], "acronym": [ "UNHCR" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "datatype": [ "report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Africa", "Central African ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Sudan Basic Education Emergency Support Project (P172812) all IDPs), namely, Central, North, and South Darfur, refugee students are distributed among half of Sudan’s states: South Kordofan (17 percent), White Nile (13...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "public schools in Sudan (14,429 schools)" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Sudan", "Darfur", "South Kordofan", "Khartoum" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specifi...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Patlolla, Goodhue, and Sexton 617 Descriptive statistics of the household survey administered in fall 2008 are reported in table 1. Consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model, on average, the per unit cultivation cost for ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "household survey" ], "timeframe": [ "2008" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "head": "household survey", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Annex Table 2: Comparison of log of net revenue per acre regression with full** **and restricted sample, using self reported land area** **Total Sample** **Matching plots** **1** **2** Log Land Size -0.74*** -0.73*** [0.000] [0.000] D...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNHS 2005_" ], "acronym": [ "UNHS" ], "producer": [ "Authors" ], "timeframe": [ "2005" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head":...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | land size and -0.83 in the specification using the GPS measure of agricultural plots. Both estimates therefore support the IR hypothesis. When the GPS measure of farm size is used, however, the absolute value of the coefficient increase...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "GPS measure of agricultural plots" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "GPS measure of agricultural plots", "tail": "descriptive" } }, ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | women, who are generally the primary care-givers for infants and children, lack information on beneficial practices related to child nutrition, parenting practices, and child stimulation. For example, the proportion of women with childr...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Population data for example were a key to design the relief actions when Mozambique faced the devastating floods in 2000. The National Statistical Development Strategy (NSDS) represents the framework for coordinating all national survey...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "climate data and information", "basic data on climate risks and livelihood conditions" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Mozambique" ] }, ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "PNSF MIS", "SEAS", "PNSF complaints registered electronically" ], "acronym": [ "PNSF", "SEAS" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "primary", "background"...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Latin America and the Caribbean remains a region that continues to offer meaningful opportunities to drive progress on protection and solutions for refugees, forcibly displaced and stateless people. Yet, to convert this potential into l...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "POPULATION IN THE AMERICAS" ], "timeframe": [ "2025" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Latin America", "Caribbean" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": {...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Annual Report 2019 ## **Iraq INNOVATION Egypt INNOVATION** **FUNDING** **89m received** **FUNDING** **64m received** **92,092** Syrian refugees accessed water through an improved water network **2,251** Syrian children received cash ass...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Annual Report 2019" ], "timeframe": [ "2019" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Iraq", "Egypt" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the emergency operations until the RAFU to be established under the IDA-financed RSISTAP is operational. After which, project implementation of the emergency project would be transferred to RAFU. The key staff of RAFU will be assigned t...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | supplies and global food prices of export restrictions. As of the end of April, more than 20 governments had imposed some form of restrictions on food exports (EUI-GTA-WB, 2020). As food prices increase due to the initial Covid-19 shock...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "EUI-GTA-WB" ], "acronym": [ "EUI-GTA-WB" ], "timeframe": [ "2020" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "EUI-GTA-WB", "tail": "...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Survey at end of project", "SEAS" ], "acronym": [ "SEAS" ], "datatype": [ "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_data...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | capacity is paramount for how climate events translate into human and economic consequences (Heltberg, Siegel, Jorgensen, 2009). Another stark example is the impact of earthquakes in Haiti and Chile. While more than 200,000 people died ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "regionally disaggregated map of climate vulnerability" ], "datatype": [ "map" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Haiti and Chile", "Haiti", "Chile" ] }, "relati...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (P179238) and modern drying technologies. The access to finance will allow the cooperative to invest into better drying equipment, resulting into a reduction of post-...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Chad Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project" ], "acronym": [ "P179238" ], "producer": [ "The World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) |lack of a need to prove identity for e-services for example.|Col2|Col3| |---|---|---| |**A sizeable female refugee population is** **particularly...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project", "UNHCR 2022", "current Kebele ID system" ], "producer": [ "World Bank", "UNHCR" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "system" ], "specificity": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) |Component Name|Cost (US$)| |---|---| |Building institutions and trust|21,000,000.00| |Establishing scalable and secure Fayda ICT infrastructure|68,000,...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The World Bank Economic Review 229 **Figure 2.** Pre-Trends Prior to Quota Price Increase _Source_ : Data from the Research Center for the Rural Economy (RCRE) household panel analyzed by the author. _Note_ : These figures show trends o...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Data from the Research Center for the Rural Economy (RCRE) household panel" ], "acronym": [ "RCRE" ], "producer": [ "Research Center for the Rural Economy" ], "datatype": [ "household panel" ], "specificity": [ "named" ],...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Ethiopia Digital ID for Inclusion and Services Project (P179040) |Social Risks|Mitigation Measures| |---|---| |mismanagement, which can lead to negative consequences for individuals. The risks become ev...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Fayda" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Ethiopia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Fayda", "tail": "named" } }, { "has_usage": {...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | streets or in informal accommodation. _* Figures reflect the situation as of end of December 2017_ _Sources: EKKA-Greece, UNHCR, UNICEF, Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy,_ _Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees, Bulgarian Helsi...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "EKKA-Greece", "UNHCR", "UNICEF", "Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy", "Bulgaria State Agency for Refugees" ], "producer": [ "EKKA-Greece", "UNHCR", "UNICEF", "Italian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy", "B...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | they most probably cannot afford to lose their jobs. According to the GBVIMS Report of quarter 1 and 2 in 2021, **22% of sexual violence incidents reported** **happened at the workplace.** This increased percentages are in line with the...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "GBVIMS Report of quarter 1 and 2 in 2021", "data collected through the GBVIMS in 2021" ], "acronym": [ "GBVIMS", "GBVIMS" ], "timeframe": [ "quarter 1 and 2 in 2021", "2021" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specifici...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | iii **CAMBODIA** **Social Fund II Project** **CONTENTS** **Project Financing Data** **1** **A. Project Development Objective** **2** 1. Project development objective and key performance indicators 2 **B. Strategic Context** **3** 1. Sec...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Project Financing Data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "CAMBODIA" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Project Financing Data", "tail": "descr...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | smallholder farmers and agribusinesses in the country; and (II) elaborating on how the Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project will contribute to addressing some of the constraints identified especially through the contemplated Bu...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "World Development Indicators" ], "datatype": [ "Indicators" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Chad" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "World Deve...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The project will closely collaborate with REDISSE IV which will support the roll-out of DHIS2 and the overall strengthening of the country’s health management information system, as well as to facilitate recording and real-time sharing ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHIS2", "Geo-enabled Monitoring Systems (GEMS)" ], "acronym": [ "DHIS2", "GEMS" ], "datatype": [ "Systems" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting", "supporting" ], "geog...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | technologies, using recent data on levelized costs. **2. Carbon markets and the social cost of carbon** It is difficult to speak of a single divergence between the market price of carbon and the social cost of carbon because there are m...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "recent data on levelized costs" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "recent data on levelized costs", "tail": "vague" } }, { "has...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | standard deviations below or above the median of an international reference group. [7] The Nigeria DHS samples were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design.The2003DHSconsistsof7,864householdsin365clustersor villages, with 5...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Nigeria DHS" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Nigeria" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "hea...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | no perceptible impact on productivity for males. Signs and significance on inputs are as expected with land contributing most (40%), followed by chemical fertilizer (11%), seed (10%), agricultural assets and organic manure (6%). Althoug...

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