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laser-powder O
particle S-CONPRI
interactions O
. O
Powder S-MATE
features O
are O
associated O
with O
additive B-MANP
manufacturing I-MANP
process E-MANP
. O
New O
heat B-CONPRI
source E-CONPRI
model O
considering O
powder S-MATE
effects O
. O
A O
modified O
heat-source O
model S-CONPRI
based O
on O
electromagnetic O
wave O
theory O
was O
proposed O
to O
investigate O
the O
interactions O
between O
powder B-MATE
particles E-MATE
and O
a O
laser B-CONPRI
beam E-CONPRI
, O
considering O
the O
spatial B-CHAR
distribution E-CHAR
of O
particles S-CONPRI
inside O
the O
beam S-MACEQ
. O
The O
absorption S-CONPRI
of O
energy O
by O
these O
particles S-CONPRI
in O
laser B-MANP
directed I-MANP
energy I-MANP
deposition I-MANP
additive I-MANP
manufacturing E-MANP
was O
calculated O
using O
the O
proposed O
model S-CONPRI
, O
which O
was O
validated O
experimentally O
. O
Both O
numerical O
model S-CONPRI
and O
experiment S-CONPRI
were O
used O
to O
study O
the O