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stress E-PRO
and O
distortion S-CONPRI
of O
two O
large O
builds S-CHAR
were O
analyzed O
, O
showing O
very O
consistent O
numerical O
results O
and O
good O
agreement O
with O
experiments O
. O
Compared O
with O
the O
commercial O
software S-CONPRI
Abaqus S-ENAT
, O
the O
novel O
approaches O
reduced O
the O
computational O
cost O
substantially O
without O
compromising O
accuracy S-CHAR
. O
Such O
high-fidelity S-CONPRI
modeling O
approaches O
will O
be S-MATE
very O
useful O
for O
building O
up O
a O
digital O
twin O
of O
WAAM S-MANP
to O
reduce O
development O
time O
and O
cost O
. O
WAAM S-MANP
( O
Wire-Arc-Additive-Manufacturing O
) O
is O
a O
metal B-MANP
additive I-MANP
manufacturing E-MANP
process O
using O
arc B-MANP
welding E-MANP
to O
create O
large O
components S-MACEQ
with O
high B-PARA
deposition I-PARA
rate E-PARA
. O
The O
workpiece B-CONPRI
quality E-CONPRI
and O
the O
process S-CONPRI
productivity O