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Gestalt Pattern Reasoning Benchmark

alt text

This repository contains a dataset and benchmarking framework for Gestalt pattern reasoning. The dataset consists of thousands of procedurally generated visual patterns based on Gestalt principles, including proximity, similarity, closure, symmetry, and continuity. The benchmark is designed to evaluate both human and AI performance in recognizing and reasoning about these patterns.

Github

The Dataset Generator and Benchmark Evaluation Code is on the Github.

Dataset

principle_all_resolution_224_num_100.zip: includes 5 Gestalt Principles, each task has 100 examples for each labels. The image resolution is 224x224.

File Structure 

Gestalt Reasoning Benchmark/
│── data/
│   │── raw_patterns/         # Unprocessed/generated raw patterns
│   │   │── proximity/
│   │   │   │── train/
│   │   │   │   │── 0001_red_triangle/
│   │   │   │   │   │── positive/
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.json
│   │   │   │   │   │── negative/
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.json
│   │   │   │── test/
│   │   │   │   │── 0001_red_triangle/
│   │   │   │   │   │── positive/
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.json
│   │   │   │   │   │── negative/
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00000.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00001.json
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.png
│   │   │   │   │   │   │── 00002.json

Citation

If you use the Gestalt Vision dataset in your research or work, please cite our paper:

@inproceedings{sha2025gestalt,
  author    = {Jingyuan Sha and Hikaru Shindo and Kristian Kersting and Devendra Singh Dhami},
  title     = {Gestalt Vision: A Dataset for Evaluating Gestalt Principles in Visual Perception},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Neurosymbolic Learning and Reasoning (NeSy)},
  year      = {2025}
}