abstract_id stringlengths 10 10 | sentences list | labels list | confs list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_1500 | [
"This electronic document is a \"live\" template.",
"The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.]",
"are Abstract—Object detection in natural scenes has been widely researched in the past decade, and many deep learning based methods have achieved good performance on this task.",
"This paper... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6176000237464905,
0.8234999775886536,
0.3824000060558319,
0.6470999717712402,
0.5881999731063843,
1,
1
] |
train_1501 | [
"Much has been written about the explosion of data, also known as the “data deluge”.",
"Similarly, much of today's research and decision making are based on the de facto acceptance that knowledge and insight can be gained from analyzing and contextualizing the vast (and growing) amount of “open” or “raw” data.",
... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
4
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696,
0.3684000074863434,
0.3684000074863434,
0.3684000074863434,
0.3684000074863434,
0.421099990606308
] |
train_1502 | [
"Let A be a linear bounded operator in a Hilbert space H, N(A) and R(A) its null-space and range, and A∗ its adjoint.",
"The operator A is called Fredholm iff dim N(A) = dim N(A∗) := n < ∞ and R(A) and R(A∗) are closed subspaces of H. A simple and short proof is given of the following known result: A is Fredholm"... | [
0,
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.3889000117778778,
0.583299994468689
] |
train_1503 | [
"This paper surveys the eld of reinforcement learning from a computer-science perspective.",
"It is written to be accessible to researchers familiar with machine learning.",
"Both the historical basis of the eld and a broad selection of current work are summarized.",
"Reinforcement learning is the problem fac... | [
2,
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.7940999865531921,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843,
0.6176000237464905,
1
] |
train_1504 | [
"This paper presents Conflux, a fast, scalable and decentralized blockchain system that optimistically process concurrent blocks without discarding any as forks.",
"The Conflux consensus protocol represents relationships between blocks as a direct acyclic graph and achieves consensus on a total order of the block... | [
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.583299994468689,
0.583299994468689,
0.41670000553131104,
0.22220000624656677,
0.22220000624656677,
0.22220000624656677,
0.8611000180244446,
0.8611000180244446
] |
train_1505 | [
"In recent years, theoretical and computational linguistics has paid much attention to linguistic items that form scales.",
"In NLP, much research has focused on ordering adjectives by intensity (tiny < small).",
"Here, we address the task of automatically ordering English adverbs by their intensifying or dimin... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.7940999865531921,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
1,
0.8234999775886536
] |
train_1506 | [
"Twitter as a new form of social media can potentially contain much useful information, but content analysis on Twitter has not been well studied.",
"In particular, it is not clear whether as an information source Twitter can be simply regarded as a faster news feed that covers mostly the same information as trad... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.5,
0.6215999722480774,
0.8108000159263611,
0.6215999722480774,
0.7838000059127808
] |
train_1507 | [
"The purpose of this article is to develop a design theory of blended learning curriculum in ways of establishing a model for designing such a curriculum and a model for designing an activity in a blended learning curriculum as well as demonstrating how these models can be utilized in a curriculum design.",
"It f... | [
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.583299994468689,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.44440001249313354
] |
train_1508 | [
"The Bitcoin cryptocurrency records its transactions in a public log called the blockchain.",
"Its security rests critically on the distributed protocol that maintains the blockchain, run by participants called miners.",
"Conventional wisdom asserts that the mining protocol is incentive-compatible and secure ag... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
1,
0.4706000089645386,
0.5587999820709229,
0.4706000089645386,
0.3824000060558319,
0.6470999717712402,
0.5293999910354614,
0.6765000224113464
] |
train_1509 | [
"Gate current in metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices, caused by carriers tunneling through a classically forbidden energy barrier, is studied in this paper.",
"The physical mechanisms of tunneling in an MOS structure are reviewed, along with the particularities of tunneling in modern MOS transistors, includin... | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
3
] | [
0.421099990606308,
0.6053000092506409,
0.8158000111579895,
0.6053000092506409,
0.8158000111579895
] |
train_1510 | [
"Information technology practitioners are required to make calls of judgement in both a technical and a professional capacity.",
"Professional codes of conduct and codes of ethics are intended to provide guidance in making such calls of judgement.",
"This paper looks at the Australian Computer Society code of e... | [
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.5676000118255615,
0.5676000118255615,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5160999894142151,
0.7838000059127808,
0.7838000059127808
] |
train_1511 | [
"We present Fashion-MNIST, a new dataset comprising of 28 × 28 grayscale images of 70, 000 fashion products from 10 categories, with 7, 000 images per category.",
"The training set has 60, 000 images and the test set has 10, 000 images.",
"Fashion-MNIST is intended to serve as a direct dropin replacement for th... | [
2,
0,
2,
4
] | [
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.631600022315979,
0.421099990606308
] |
train_1512 | [
"This article describes MATLAB/Simulink realization of open-circuit and short-circuit tests of transformers that are performed to identify equivalent circuit parameters.",
"These simulation models are developed to support and enhance electric machinery education at the undergraduate level.",
"The proposed tests... | [
0,
0,
0,
4
] | [
0.6053000092506409,
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.7894999980926514
] |
train_1513 | [
"Stock market or equity market have a profound impact in today's economy.",
"A rise or fall in the share price has an important role in determining the investor's gain.",
"The existing forecasting methods make use of both linear (AR, MA, ARIMA) and non-linear algorithms (ARCH, GARCH, Neural Networks), but they ... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2
] | [
1,
0.5368000268936157,
0.3788999915122986,
0.7894999980926514,
0.6000000238418579,
0.44209998846054077,
0.44209998846054077,
0.2526000142097473
] |
train_1514 | [
"A technique for syntactic error correction, called pattern mapping, is developed.",
"A pattern is used to describe how to map or change one string into another.",
"Using a preconstructed list of patterns, for each detected error, the first pattern with successful mapping is found and a correction is made based... | [
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.39469999074935913
] |
train_1515 | [
"Business models that rely on social media and user-generated content have shifted from the more traditional business model, where value for the organization is derived from the one-way delivery of products and/or services, to the provision of intangible value based on user engagement.",
"This research builds a m... | [
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.6388999819755554,
0.3889000117778778,
0.6111000180244446
] |
train_1516 | [
"In recent years, communication in public social media increasingly affected enterprises.",
"Internet users began to share information about products, brands, and companies.",
"Research currently focuses on investigating this form of communication by using quantitative methods in order to get a better understan... | [
0,
0,
2,
0,
4,
4,
4,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.7813000082969666,
0.7813000082969666,
0.375,
0.3125,
0.375,
0.375,
0.625,
0.4375,
0.5313000082969666,
0.625
] |
train_1517 | [
"This article surveys the current state of security issues and available defense mechanisms regarding popular online social networks.",
"It covers a wide variety of attacks and the corresponding defense mechanisms, if available.",
"The authors organize these attacks into four categories - privacy breaches, vira... | [
0,
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.6182000041007996,
0.5636000037193298,
0.6182000041007996,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_1518 | [
"Summarization based on text extraction is inherently limited, but generation-style abstractive methods have proven challenging to build.",
"In this work, we propose a fully data-driven approach to abstractive sentence summarization.",
"Our method utilizes a local attention-based model that generates each word ... | [
0,
2,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6075000166893005,
0.8317999839782715,
0.7756999731063843,
0.3831999897956848,
0.3644999861717224
] |
train_1519 | [
"The ever increasing gap between processor and memory speeds on one side and disk systems on the other side has exposed the I/O subsystems as a bottleneck for the applications with intensive I/O requirements.",
"Consequently, file systems, as low-level managers of storage resources, have to offer flexible and eff... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
3
] | [
1,
0.7940999865531921,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843,
0.3824000060558319,
0.5881999731063843
] |
train_1520 | [
"Supply Chain Risk Management has increasingly becoming a more popular research area recently.",
"Various papers, with different focus and approaches, have been published.",
"This paper aims to survey supply chain risk management (SCRM) literature.",
"Paper published in relevant journals from 2000 to 2006 wil... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
0
] | [
1,
0.6391000151634216,
0.7912999987602234,
0.5435000061988831,
0.5478000044822693
] |
train_1521 | [
"In response to rapid change and fierce competition, creativity is an imperative factor to develop and implement innovation.",
"Hence, most firms have pursued diverse strategies to promote individual and team creativity in the workplace.",
"Shared leadership is a voluntarily, informally emergent structure beyon... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4,
3
] | [
0.6222000122070312,
0.6222000122070312,
0.4431999921798706,
0.4431999921798706,
0.6165000200271606,
0.5568000078201294,
0.6165000200271606,
0.6165000200271606,
0.6420000195503235,
0.6165000200271606
] |
train_1522 | [
"While “big data” has become a highlighted buzzword since last year, “big data mining”, i.e., mining from big data, has almost immediately followed up as an emerging, interrelated research area.",
"This paper provides an overview of big data mining and discusses the related challenges and the new opportunities.",... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.3824000060558319,
0.41179999709129333,
0.2353000044822693,
0.3824000060558319
] |
train_1523 | [
"Since the Software Engineering Institute has launch ed the Capability Maturity Model almost twenty years ago, hundreds of maturity models have been pr oposed by researchers and practitioners across multiple application domains.",
"With process orientat ion being a central paradigm of organizational design and co... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.8205000162124634,
0.8205000162124634,
0.6154000163078308,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.6154000163078308,
0.6154000163078308
] |
train_1524 | [
"We present and discuss several novel applications of deep learning for the physical layer.",
"By interpreting a communications system as an autoencoder, we develop a fundamental new way to think about communications system design as an end-to-end reconstruction task that seeks to jointly optimize transmitter and... | [
0,
2,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.4106999933719635,
0.4068000018596649,
0.6297000050544739,
0.6297000050544739
] |
train_1525 | [
"Programming is more than just coding, for, it exposes students to computational thinking which involves problem-solving using computer science concepts like abstraction and decomposition.",
"Even for non-computing majors, computational thinking is applicable and useful in their daily lives.",
"The three dimens... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4,
3
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.8055999875068665,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.8055999875068665
] |
train_1526 | [
"Double dispatch is the ability of selecting dynamically a method not only according to the run-time type of the receiver (single dispatch), but also to the run-time type of the argument.",
"This mechanism unleashes the power of dynamic binding in object-oriented languages, so enhancing re-usability and separatio... | [
0,
2,
0,
1,
0,
1,
1
] | [
0.800000011920929,
0.4000000059604645,
0.8285999894142151,
0.628600001335144,
0.4000000059604645,
0.8285999894142151,
1
] |
train_1527 | [
"A new compensation technique known as tail compensation is applied to a two-stage CMOS operational amplifier.",
"The compensation is established by a capacitor connected between the output node and the source node of the differential amplifier.",
"For the selected opamp topology, tail compensation allows bette... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.6176000237464905,
0.7940999865531921,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843
] |
train_1528 | [
"In this paper, we provide an introduction to machine learning tasks that address important problems in genomic medicine.",
"One of the goals of genomic medicine is to determine how variations in the DNA of individuals can affect the risk of different diseases, and to find causal explanations so that targeted the... | [
2,
2,
2,
1,
3
] | [
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.6154000163078308,
0.3846000134944916,
0.3846000134944916
] |
train_1529 | [
"We explore using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for a small-footprint keyword spotting (KWS) task.",
"CNNs are attractive for KWS since they have been shown to outperform DNNs with far fewer parameters.",
"We consider two different applications in our work, one where we limit the number of multiplication... | [
0,
2,
4,
1,
4
] | [
0.40540000796318054,
0.21619999408721924,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.4323999881744385
] |
train_1530 | [
"Information technology applications that support decision-making processes and problem-solving activities have proliferated and evolved.",
"Distributing used cars to various automobile auctions is a complicated problem with multiple variables.",
"We developed a software system to address these complexities and... | [
0,
0,
4,
1,
4
] | [
0.7878999710083008,
0.7878999710083008,
0.3635999858379364,
0.3939000070095062,
0.42419999837875366
] |
train_1531 | [
"Cryptographic standards serve two important goals: making different implementations interoperable and avoiding various known pitfalls in commonly used schemes.",
"This chapter discusses Public-Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) which have significant impact on the use of public key cryptography in practice.",
"... | [
2,
2,
1,
1,
0,
4,
3
] | [
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054
] |
train_1532 | [
"Steganography involves hiding of text, image or any sensitive information inside another image, video or audio in such a way that an attacker will not be able to detect its presence.",
"Steganography is, many times, confused with cryptography as both the techniques are used to secure information.",
"The differ... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
4,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6000000238418579,
0.771399974822998,
0.542900025844574,
0.22859999537467957,
0.4000000059604645,
0.4000000059604645,
0.771399974822998,
0.6000000238418579,
0.4571000039577484,
0.37139999866485596
] |
train_1533 | [
"Recent years have seen a major push for face recognition technology due to the large expansion of image sharing on social networks.",
"In this paper, we consider the difficult task of determining parent-offspring resemblance using deep learning to answer the question \"Who do I look like?\"",
"Although humans ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
2,
2,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.8108000159263611,
0.6215999722480774,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.40540000796318054,
0.8108000159263611,
0.40540000796318054,
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.5946000218391418
] |
train_1534 | [
"We consider the problem of learning from examples in layered linear feed-forward neural networks using optimization methods, such as back propagation, with respect to the usual quadratic error function E of the connection weights.",
"Our main result is a complete description of the landscape attached to E in ter... | [
0,
4,
4,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.5152000188827515,
0.5152000188827515,
0.5152000188827515,
0.5152000188827515,
0.4544999897480011,
0.4544999897480011
] |
train_1535 | [
"The backbone of the information age is digital information which may be searched, accessed, and transferred instantaneously.",
"Therefore the digitization of paper documents is extremely interesting.",
"This chapter describes approaches for document structure recognition detecting the hierarchy of physical com... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.7940999865531921,
0.7940999865531921,
0.5184999704360962,
0.6176000237464905,
1,
1,
0.7940999865531921,
0.6176000237464905
] |
train_1536 | [
"Due to the high number and cost of interruptions at work, several approaches have been suggested to reduce this cost for knowledge workers.",
"These approaches predominantly focus either on a manual and physical indicator, such as headphones or a closed office door, or on the automatic measure of a worker's inte... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.8205000162124634,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674
] |
train_1537 | [
"This paper drew upon a recent book (Rethinking Education in the Age of Technology) to summarize a number of prospects and challenges arising from the appropriation of digital technology into learning and educational practice.",
"Tensions between traditional models of schooling and the affordances of digital medi... | [
0,
0,
0,
4
] | [
0.7983999848365784,
0.3950999975204468,
0.49480000138282776,
0.4032999873161316
] |
train_1538 | [
"As we are moving towards the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of sensors deployed around the world is growing at a rapid pace.",
"Market research has shown a significant growth of sensor deployments over the past decade and has predicted a significant increment of the growth rate in the future.",
"These se... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
4,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.5788999795913696,
0.39469999074935913,
0.5788999795913696,
0.3684000074863434,
0.3684000074863434
] |
train_1539 | [
"Few prior works study deep learning on point sets.",
"PointNet [20] is a pioneer in this direction.",
"However, by design PointNet does not capture local structures induced by the metric space points live in, limiting its ability to recognize fine-grained patterns and generalizability to complex scenes.",
"I... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
1,
1,
0.5676000118255615,
0.7838000059127808,
0.40540000796318054,
1,
1
] |
train_1540 | [
"Default logic is one of the most prominent approaches to nonmonotonic reasoning, and allows one to make plausible conjectures when faced with incomplete information about the problem at hand.",
"Default rules prevail in many application domains such as medical and legal reasoning.",
"Several variants have been... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.3783999979496002,
0.8108000159263611
] |
train_1541 | [
"We study the question of feature sets for robust visual object recognition; adopting linear SVM based human detection as a test case.",
"After reviewing existing edge and gradient based descriptors, we show experimentally that grids of histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptors significantly outperform ex... | [
0,
1,
0,
4
] | [
0.583299994468689,
0.6111000180244446,
0.583299994468689,
0.6111000180244446
] |
train_1542 | [
"In this paper an eco-driving assistance system for reducing the energy consumption in electric vehcles is proposed.",
"An accurate electric vehicle model is developed and an optimal control problem is formulated.",
"The optimal control problem is solved based on dynamic programming.",
"As a result an energy-... | [
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.6226000189781189,
0.6226000189781189,
0.4666999876499176,
0.4528000056743622,
0.4528000056743622,
0.6791999936103821
] |
train_1543 | [
"A momentum term is usually included in the simulations of connectionist learning algorithms.",
"Although it is well known that such a term greatly improves the speed of learning, there have been few rigorous studies of its mechanisms.",
"In this paper, I show that in the limit of continuous time, the momentum ... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.8181999921798706,
1,
0.4544999897480011,
0.4544999897480011,
0.6061000227928162,
0.6061000227928162,
0.6061000227928162,
0.3939000070095062
] |
train_1544 | [
"In this paper we consider a periodic review, reorder point, order-up-to-level system, a type commonly used in practice.",
"Motivated by a specific practical context, we present a novel approach to determining the reorder point and order-up-to-level (for a given review interval) so as to target desired values of ... | [
0,
2,
1,
1
] | [
0.8108000159263611,
0.3783999979496002,
0.5676000118255615,
0.3513999879360199
] |
train_1545 | [
"A robust adaptive control approach is proposed to solve the consensus problem of multiagent systems.",
"Compared with the previous work, the agent's dynamics includes the uncertainties and external disturbances, which is more practical in real-world applications.",
"Due to the approximation capability of neura... | [
2,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6154000163078308,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
1
] |
train_1546 | [
"We investigate the numerical approximation of the semiconductor Boltzmann transport equation using an expansion of the distribution function in spherical harmonics.",
"A complexity analysis shows that traditional implementations of higher order spherical harmonics expansions suffer from huge memory requirements,... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.41940000653266907,
0.41940000653266907,
0.5806000232696533,
0.5806000232696533,
0.41940000653266907,
0.3547999858856201
] |
train_1547 | [
"This study investigated how celebrities' self-disclosure on personal social media accounts, particularly Twitter, affects fans' perceptions.",
"An online survey was utilized among a sample of 429 celebrity followers on Twitter.",
"Results demonstrated that celebrities' professional self-disclosure (e.g., shari... | [
0,
0,
4,
1,
1,
3,
3
] | [
0.5881999731063843,
0.5293999910354614,
0.4706000089645386,
0.3528999984264374,
0.3528999984264374,
0.6470999717712402,
0.6470999717712402
] |
train_1548 | [
"How can a machine learn from experience?",
"Probabilistic modelling provides a framework for understanding what learning is, and has therefore emerged as one of the principal theoretical and practical approaches for designing machines that learn from data acquired through experience.",
"The probabilistic frame... | [
3,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308
] |
train_1549 | [
"The purpose of this study is to identify several areas of forensic interest within the Yahoo!",
"Messenger application, which are of forensic significance.",
"This study focuses on new areas of interest within the file structure of Windows Vista and Windows 7.",
"One of the main issues with this topic is tha... | [
2,
2,
2,
0,
4,
3,
4
] | [
0.771399974822998,
0.542900025844574,
0.571399986743927,
0.34290000796318054,
0.542900025844574,
0.771399974822998,
0.571399986743927
] |
train_1550 | [
"This research analyses the suburban expansion in the metropolitan area of Tehran, Iran.",
"A hybrid model consisting of logistic regression model, Markov chain (MC), and cellular automata (CA) was designed to improve the performance of the standard logistic regression model.",
"Environmental and socio-economic... | [
0,
1,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4,
0,
4
] | [
0.5676000118255615,
0.4323999881744385,
0.3783999979496002,
0.5946000218391418,
0.8108000159263611,
0.7838000059127808,
0.3513999879360199,
0.4323999881744385,
0.3783999979496002
] |
train_1551 | [
"Five years of experimenting with Personal Health Records has not yielded the results that big companies like Google and Microsoft expected.",
"Whereas Google pulled the plug on its product offering, Microsoft struggles to reach sufficient critical mass.",
"This study adopts a user perspective (51 interviews) i... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.8055999875068665,
0.44440001249313354,
0.6388999819755554,
0.583299994468689
] |
train_1552 | [
"This study is designed to determine the most important project management core competencies, including both hard skills and soft skills.",
"The study determines the importance of these competencies to job success, and the current performance of project managers with respect to these core competencies.",
"The g... | [
0,
0,
1
] | [
0.8093000054359436,
0.8093000054359436,
0.40860000252723694
] |
train_1553 | [
"It is not—unless it triggers feelings of envy.",
"This study uses the framework of social rank theory of depression and conceptualizes Facebook envy as a possible link between Facebook surveillance use and depression among college students.",
"Using a survey of 736 college students, we found that the effect of... | [
0,
1,
1,
4,
3,
3
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.40540000796318054,
0.6215999722480774,
0.5946000218391418,
0.6215999722480774,
0.7838000059127808
] |
train_1554 | [
"The paper deals with trajectory tracking of the differential drive robot with a mathematical model governing dynamics and kinematics.",
"Motor dynamics and chassis dynamics are considered for deriving a linear state-space dynamic model.",
"Basic nonlinear kinematic equations are linearized into a successively ... | [
0,
2,
2,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.4205999970436096,
0.4205999970436096,
0.39250001311302185,
0.6075000166893005,
1,
0.8130999803543091
] |
train_1555 | [
"This paper presents a method of learning qualitatively interpretable models in object detection using popular two-stage region-based ConvNet detection systems (i.e., R-CNN) [22, 61, 9, 26].",
"R-CNN consists of a region proposal network and a RoI (Region-of-Interest) prediction network.",
"By interpretable mod... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.6571000218391418,
0.6571000218391418,
0.428600013256073,
0.771399974822998,
0.8285999894142151,
0.4571000039577484,
0.6571000218391418,
0.428600013256073,
0.6571000218391418
] |
train_1556 | [
"Multi-objective formulations are realistic models for many complex engineering optimization problems.",
"In many real-life problems, objectives under consideration conflict with each other, and optimizing a particular solution with respect to a single objective can result in unacceptable results with respect to ... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
3,
3
] | [
0.8019000291824341,
0.4244999885559082,
0.6226000189781189,
0.4244999885559082,
0.8490999937057495,
0.6509000062942505,
0.6509000062942505
] |
train_1557 | [
"In the feature subset selection problem, a learning algorithm is faced with the problem of selecting a relevant subset of features upon which to focus its attention, while ignoring the rest.",
"To achieve the best possible performance with a particular learning algorithm on a particular training set, a feature s... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
3
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.8158000111579895,
1,
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895
] |
train_1558 | [
"Augmented reality (AR) as an emerging technology in the mobile computing domain is becoming mature enough to engender publicly available applications for end users.",
"Various commercial applications have recently been emerging in the mobile consumer domain at an increasing pace — Layar, Junaio, Google Goggles, ... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.21050000190734863,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1559 | [
"Assessing the relatedness of documents is at the core of many applications such as document retrieval and recommendation.",
"Most similarity approaches operate on word-distribution-based document representations fast to compute, but problematic when documents differ in language, vocabulary or type, and neglectin... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
1,
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1560 | [
"Leveraging large historical data in electronic health record (EHR), we developed Doctor AI, a generic predictive model that covers observed medical conditions and medication uses.",
"Doctor AI is a temporal model using recurrent neural networks (RNN) and was developed and applied to longitudinal time stamped EHR... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.7949000000953674
] |
train_1561 | [
"The problem of arbitrary object tracking has traditionally been tackled by learning a model of the object’s appearance exclusively online, using as sole training data the video itself.",
"Despite the success of these methods, their online-only approach inherently limits the richness of the model they can learn."... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
4,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
0.4000000059604645,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_1562 | [
"In this paper, we discuss the method of Bayesian regression and its efficacy for predicting price variation of Bitcoin, a recently popularized virtual, cryptographic currency.",
"Bayesian regression refers to utilizing empirical data as proxy to perform Bayesian inference.",
"We utilize Bayesian regression for... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.7940999865531921,
0.7940999865531921,
0.41179999709129333,
0.3824000060558319,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843,
0.41179999709129333,
0.6176000237464905
] |
train_1563 | [
"The Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) test is a commonly used test of general human intelligence.",
"The RPM is somewhat unique as a general intelligence test in that it focuses on visual problem solving, and in particular, on visual similarity and analogy.",
"We are developing a small set of methods for prob... | [
0,
0,
1
] | [
0.8421000242233276,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1564 | [
"Time series is an important class of temporal data objects and it can be easily obtained from scientific and financial applications.",
"A time series is a collection of observations made chronologically.",
"The nature of time series data includes: large in data size, high dimensionality and necessary to update... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
2
] | [
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.39469999074935913,
0.631600022315979,
0.631600022315979,
1
] |
train_1565 | [
"One of the most used methods to forecast price volatility is the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model.",
"Nonetheless, the errors in prediction using this approach are often quite high.",
"Hence, continued research is conducted to improve forecasting models employing a variet... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4,
3
] | [
0.800000011920929,
0.800000011920929,
0.628600001335144,
0.6000000238418579,
0.771399974822998,
0.428600013256073,
0.4000000059604645,
0.800000011920929,
0.571399986743927,
0.8285999894142151
] |
train_1566 | [
"Malware programs that incorporate trigger-based behavior initiate malicious activities based on conditions satisfied only by specific inputs.",
"State-of-the-art malware analyzers discover code guarded by triggers via multiple path exploration, symbolic execution, or forced conditional execution, all without kno... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.8108000159263611,
0.6215999722480774,
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418,
0.6215999722480774,
1
] |
train_1567 | [
"Requirements engineering (RE) has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years.",
"Requirements engineering education (REE) is therefore an important undertaking if the field is to have professionals who are capable of successfully accomplishing software projects.",
"T... | [
0,
2,
2,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913,
0.5788999795913696,
0.39469999074935913,
0.5788999795913696,
0.6053000092506409,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1568 | [
"Neural network models are capable of generating extremely natural sounding conversational interactions.",
"However, these models have been mostly applied to casual scenarios (e.g., as “chatbots”) and have yet to demonstrate they can serve in more useful conversational applications.",
"This paper presents a nov... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.4000000059604645,
0.6000000238418579,
0.4571000039577484,
0.628600001335144
] |
train_1569 | [
"Harmonic and cycloid drives are both compact, high ratio transmissions appropriate for use in anthropomorphic robots, although cycloid drives are rarely used in the field.",
"This paper describes the design parameters for cycloid drives and shows the results of six cycloid models designed to match corresponding ... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.4323999881744385,
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054
] |
train_1570 | [
"Facial/voice-based authentication is becoming increasingly popular (e.g., already adopted by MasterCard and AliPay), because it is easy to use.",
"In particular, users can now authenticate themselves to online services by using their mobile phone to show themselves performing simple tasks like blinking or smilin... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696,
1,
1,
0.631600022315979,
1
] |
train_1571 | [
"Biometric identification has become increasingly popular in recent years.",
"With the development of cloud computing, database owners are motivated to outsource the large size of biometric data and identification tasks to the cloud to get rid of the expensive storage and computation costs, which, however, brings... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.7838000059127808,
0.5946000218391418,
0.6215999722480774,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418
] |
train_1572 | [
"This paper presents the construction of a multimodal dataset for deception detection, including physiological, thermal, and visual responses of human subjects under three deceptive scenarios.",
"We present the experimental protocol, as well as the data acquisition process.",
"To evaluate the usefulness of the ... | [
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.5788999795913696,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696,
0.7894999980926514
] |
train_1573 | [
"The increasing influence of social media and enormous participation of users creates new opportunities to study human social behavior along with the capability to analyze large amount of data streams.",
"One of the interesting problems is to distinguish between different kinds of users, for example users who are... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
1
] | [
1,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.5676000118255615,
0.5676000118255615,
0.3783999979496002,
0.3513999879360199,
0.4323999881744385,
0.5946000218391418
] |
train_1574 | [
"Patent (on behalf of Nokia Siemens Networks)",
"“An adaptive Mechanism for Dynamic Reconfiguration of Wireless Mesh to Conserve Power,” Sudhir Dixit and Suman Sarkar [Filed on October, 2007, Granted].",
"“Cascaded Source-driven Node Wake-up and Routing in Wireless Mesh,” Sudhir Dixit and Suman Sarkar [Filed on... | [
0,
2,
1,
3,
1
] | [
0.6176000237464905,
0.4706000089645386,
0.6765000224113464,
1,
0.7646999955177307
] |
train_1575 | [
"As global virtual teams become more common, the need to better understand how groups composed of individuals from different cultural backgrounds perform has never been more pressing.",
"This study compares groups from the same cultural background with groups from varied cultural backgrounds when they used two di... | [
0,
1,
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.6215999722480774,
0.3783999979496002,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.8108000159263611
] |
train_1576 | [
"Information theory is rapidly approaching its 70th birthday.",
"What are promising future directions for research in information theory?",
"Where will information theory be having the most impact in 10–20 years?",
"What new and emerging areas are ripe for the most impact, of the sort that information theory ... | [
4,
0,
2,
4,
4,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.4000000059604645,
0.4000000059604645,
0.4000000059604645,
0.20000000298023224,
0.20000000298023224,
0.4000000059604645,
0.6000000238418579,
0.800000011920929
] |
train_1577 | [
"The Internet of Things (IoT) is aimed at enabling the interconnection and integration of the physical world and the cyber space.",
"It represents the trend of future networking, and leads the third wave of the IT industry revolution.",
"In this article, we first introduce some background and related technologi... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
1,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_1578 | [
"The goal of Risk Management activities is to define prevention and control mechanisms to address the risks attached to specify activities and valuable assets.",
"Many Risk Management efforts operate in silos with narrowly focused, functionally driven, and disjointed activities.",
"That fact leads to a fragment... | [
2,
0,
2,
0,
2,
1
] | [
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_1579 | [
"With the ever-increasing cost for healthcare and increased health insurance premiums, there is a need for proactive healthcare and wellness.",
"In addition, the new wave of digitizing medical records has seen a paradigm shift in the healthcare industry.",
"As a result, the healthcare industry is witnessing an ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.3846000134944916,
0.3846000134944916,
0.3846000134944916
] |
train_1580 | [
"Strategic alignment focuses on the activities that management performs to achieve cohesive goals across the IT (Information Technology) and other functional organizations (e.g., finance, marketing, H/R, manufacturing).",
"Therefore, alignment addresses both how IT is in harmony with the business, and how the bus... | [
0,
0,
0,
4,
4,
4,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8205000162124634,
0.6154000163078308,
0.6154000163078308,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5160999894142151,
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018,
0.6154000163078308
] |
train_1581 | [
"In recent years, organizations have invested heavily in e-procurement technology solutions.",
"However, an estimation of the value of the technology-enabled procurement process is often lacking.",
"Our paper presents a rigorous methodological approach to the analysis of e-procurement benefits.",
"Business pr... | [
0,
0,
2,
2,
2,
2,
4
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.8158000111579895,
0.631600022315979,
0.8158000111579895,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1582 | [
"Much research has been done to understand the motivations of consumers to choose among online retailers and the retailer factors driving customer satisfaction (e.g., Kim et al. 2009; Kotha et al. 2004; Pan et al. 2002; Qu",
"et al. 2008; Smith et al. 2000; Wolfinbarger and Gilly 2003).",
"Concentrating on e-ta... | [
0,
3,
0,
0,
4,
4,
0,
0,
4,
4
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.5171999931335449,
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054,
0.7838000059127808,
0.7838000059127808,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054,
0.8108000159263611,
0.5946000218391418
] |
train_1583 | [
"Researchers have previously examined the technology acceptance model (TAM) in many contexts, including the Internet.",
"More recently TAM has been enhanced to include a hedonic component of enjoyment but the effect has rarely been investigated in a mobile commerce context.",
"In addition, specific antecedents ... | [
0,
0,
0,
4,
3
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
1,
0.6111000180244446,
0.3889000117778778,
0.583299994468689
] |
train_1584 | [
"Security and privacy are huge challenges in Internet of Things (IoT) environments, but unfortunately, the harmonization of the IoT-related standards and protocols is hardly and slowly widespread.",
"In this paper, we propose a new framework for access control in IoT based on the blockchain technology.",
"Our f... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_1585 | [
"Find loads of the can system engineering from theory to practical applications book catalogues in this site as the choice of you visiting this page.",
"You can also join to the website book library that will show you numerous books from any types.",
"Literature, science, politics, and many more catalogues are ... | [
0,
0,
0,
3,
3
] | [
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.421099990606308,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409
] |
train_1586 | [
"Fraud detection is of great importance to financial institutions.",
"This paper is concerned with the problem of finding outliers in time series financial data using Peer Group Analysis (PGA), which is an unsupervised technique for fraud detection.",
"The objective of PGA is to characterize the expected patter... | [
0,
2,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.5946000218391418,
1,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418
] |
train_1587 | [
"White LED offers advantageous properties such as high brightness, reliability, lower power consumption and long lifetime.",
"White LEDs are expected to serve in the next generation of lamps.",
"An indoor visible-light communication system utilizing white LED lights has been proposed from our laboratory.",
"I... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.8529000282287598,
0.5587999820709229,
0.6470999717712402,
0.6470999717712402,
0.5881999731063843,
0.6765000224113464,
0.6765000224113464,
0.8234999775886536
] |
train_1588 | [
"Most collaborative robots use high-power motors for a good weight-to-payload ratio, thus leading to not only an increase in manufacturing cost but also possibility of injury at a collision between a human and a robot.",
"To maintain high-performance with low-power driving units, a spring-based counterbalance mec... | [
0,
2,
4,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.6176000237464905,
0.4814999997615814,
0.41179999709129333,
0.8234999775886536,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
0.6176000237464905
] |
train_1589 | [
"The weighted linear combination (WLC) technique is a decision rule for deriving composite maps using GIS.",
"It is one of the most often used decision models in GIS.",
"The method, however, is frequently applied without full understanding of the assumptions underling this approach.",
"In many case studies, t... | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
2
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.6053000092506409,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1590 | [
"Floating-point computing with more than one TFLOP of peak performance is already a reality in recent Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA).",
"General-Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) and recent many-core CPUs have also taken advantage of the recent technological innovations in integrated circuit (IC) d... | [
0,
0,
2,
4,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_1591 | [
"In order to compete successfully, operations in any type of firm need to be strategically aligned to the market requirements.",
"This concerns both manufacturing and supply chain operations.",
"The customer order decoupling point (CODP) is getting increasing attention as an important input to the design of man... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
2,
1,
3,
3,
3,
3
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.5788999795913696,
0.7894999980926514,
0.5788999795913696,
0.631600022315979,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696,
0.7894999980926514
] |
train_1592 | [
"The success of machine learning algorithms generally depends on data representation, and we hypothesize that this is because different representations can entangle and hide more or less the different explanatory factors of variation behind the data.",
"Although domain knowledge can be used to help design represe... | [
1,
2,
4,
4
] | [
0.41179999709129333,
0.3824000060558319,
0.44119998812675476,
0.41179999709129333
] |
train_1593 | [
"—Authentication establishes the identity of one party to another.",
"Most commonly authentication establishes the identity of a user to some part of the system, typically by means of a password.",
"More generally, authentication can be computer-to-computer or process-toprocess and mutual in both directions.",
... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
2,
4,
4
] | [
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.7894999980926514,
0.5788999795913696,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1594 | [
"We consider topic detection without any prior knowledge of category structure or possible categories.",
"Keywords are extracted and clustered based on different similarity measures using the induced k-bisecting clustering algorithm.",
"Evaluation on Wikipedia articles shows that clusters of keywords correlate ... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.8108000159263611,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054,
1
] |
train_1595 | [
"Literature reviews play an important role in the development of knowledge.",
"Yet, we observe a lack of theoretical underpinning of and epistemological insights into how literature reviews can contribute to knowledge creation and have actually contributed in the IS discipline.",
"To address these theoretical a... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.583299994468689,
0.583299994468689,
0.6111000180244446,
0.7585999965667725,
0.41670000553131104,
1
] |
train_1596 | [
"This paper surveys the current state of the art in Natural Language Generation (nlg), defined as the task of generating text or speech from non-linguistic input.",
"A survey of nlg is timely in view of the changes that the field has undergone over the past two decades, especially in relation to new (usually data... | [
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_1597 | [
"The purpose of this article is to propose a fruitful analytical framework for data supposedly related to the concept of the socalled “digital divide.",
"”",
"The extent and the nature of this divide depend on the kind of access defined.",
"Considering the possession of hardware, growing divides among differe... | [
2,
3,
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
4,
0,
4
] | [
0.7778000235557556,
1,
0.833299994468689,
0.8055999875068665,
0.7778000235557556,
0.3610999882221222,
0.44440001249313354,
0.3889000117778778,
0.41670000553131104,
1
] |
train_1598 | [
"Text categorization (also known as text classification, or topic spotting) is the task of automatically sorting a set of documents into categories from a predefined set.",
"This task has several applications, including automated indexing of scientific articles according to predefined thesauri of technical terms,... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
4
] | [
0.8158000111579895,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.421099990606308,
0.3684000074863434
] |
train_1599 | [
"With today‘s ubiquity and popularity of social network applications, the ability to analyze and understand large networks in an ef cient manner becomes critically important.",
"However, as networks become larger and more complex, reasoning about social dynamics via simple statistics is not a feasible option.",
... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
2,
1
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.