abstract_id stringlengths 10 10 | sentences list | labels list | confs list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_1400 | [
"Abs t r ac t .",
"The PKZIP program is one of the more widely used archive/ compression programs on personM, computers.",
"It also has many compatible variants on other computers~ and is used by most BBS's and ftp sites to compress their archives.",
"PKZIP provides a stream cipher which allows users to scram... | [
3,
0,
0,
0,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
1,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.39469999074935913,
1
] |
train_1401 | [
"Will reading habit influence your life?",
"Many say yes.",
"Reading fuzzy logic and neural network handbook is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way.",
"Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity.",
"It will be one of guidance of your life.",
"Whe... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696,
0.7894999980926514,
0.39469999074935913,
0.421099990606308
] |
train_1402 | [
"Dynamic difficulty adjustment (DDA) is a technique for adaptively changing a game to make it easier or harder.",
"A common paradigm to achieve DDA is through heuristic prediction and intervention, adjusting game difficulty once undesirable player states (e.g., boredom or frustration) are observed.",
"Without q... | [
0,
0,
2,
2,
1,
3,
4
] | [
0.8278999924659729,
0.5983999967575073,
0.5983999967575073,
0.7705000042915344,
1,
0.22949999570846558,
0.8278999924659729
] |
train_1403 | [
"An extensive review on warehouse operation planning problems is presented.",
"The problems are classified according to the basic warehouse functions, i.e., receiving, storage, order picking, and shipping.",
"The literature in each category is summarized with an emphasis on the characteristics of various decisi... | [
0,
2,
1,
2,
3
] | [
1,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843
] |
train_1404 | [
"Learning to solve complex sequences of tasks—while both leveraging transfer and avoiding catastrophic forgetting—remains a key obstacle to achieving human-level intelligence.",
"The progressive networks approach represents a step forward in this direction: they are immune to forgetting and can leverage prior kno... | [
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7778000235557556,
0.44440001249313354,
0.41670000553131104,
0.6111000180244446
] |
train_1405 | [
"This paper presents the experimental evaluation of a Bluetooth-based positioning system.",
"The method has been implemented in a Bluetooth-capable handheld device.",
"Empirical tests of the developed considered positioning system have been realized in different indoor scenarios.",
"The range estimation of th... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.583299994468689,
0.583299994468689,
0.41670000553131104,
1,
0.6388999819755554
] |
train_1406 | [
"Received: 8 February 2006 Revised: 31 March 2006 Accepted: 13 April 2006 Online publication date: 22 June 2006 Abstract",
"In this article, Novak's concept mapping technique is compared to three other types of visualization formats, namely mind maps, conceptual diagrams, and visual metaphors.",
"The applicatio... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
0,
0,
4,
3,
3
] | [
0.5896999835968018,
0.3846000134944916,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674
] |
train_1407 | [
"Demand for business intelligence solutions continues to grow in the industry at record rates to combat competitive pressures and to attain business agility.",
"Still organizations continue to struggle on how to implement successful business intelligence solutions.",
"Despite its growing popularity and maturity... | [
0,
2,
2,
1,
3
] | [
0.5896999835968018,
0.6154000163078308,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
1
] |
train_1408 | [
"Mass media sources, specifically the news media, have traditionally informed us of daily events.",
"In modern times, social media services such as Twitter provide an enormous amount of user-generated data, which have great potential to contain informative news-related content.",
"For these resources to be usef... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.6215999722480774,
0.40540000796318054,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0.6215999722480774,
0.8108000159263611
] |
train_1409 | [
"Synthesizing high-quality images from text descriptions is a challenging problem in computer vision and has many practical applications.",
"Samples generated by existing textto- image approaches can roughly reflect the meaning of the given descriptions, but they fail to contain necessary details and vivid object... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.7838000059127808,
0.7838000059127808,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.5946000218391418,
0.7838000059127808
] |
train_1410 | [
"We propose a deep learning method for single image super-resolution (SR).",
"Our method directly learns an end-to-end mapping between the low/high-resolution images.",
"The mapping is represented as a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that takes the low-resolution image as the input and outputs the high-... | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
4,
4
] | [
0.5472000241279602,
0.5472000241279602,
0.4528000056743622,
1,
1,
0.3490999937057495,
0.5755000114440918,
0.6226000189781189
] |
train_1411 | [
"We extend continuous assurance research by proposing a novel continuous assurance architecture grounded in information fusion research.",
"Existing continuous assurance architectures focus primarily on methods of monitoring assurance clients’ systems to detect anomalous activities and have not addressed the ques... | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
1
] | [
1,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913,
0.3684000074863434
] |
train_1412 | [
"This paper describes AutoMashUpper, an interactive system for creating music mashups by automatically selecting and mixing multiple songs together.",
"Given a userspecified input song, the system first identifies the phraselevel structure and then estimates the “mashability” between each phrase section of the in... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.771399974822998,
0.428600013256073,
0.628600001335144,
0.6571000218391418,
0.800000011920929,
0.571399986743927,
0.4571000039577484,
0.4571000039577484
] |
train_1413 | [
"The paper presents a survey and analysis on the current status and concerns of Internet of things (IoT) security.",
"The IoT framework aspires to connect anyone with anything at anywhere.",
"IoT typically has a three layers architecture consisting of Perception, Network, and Application layers.",
"A number o... | [
0,
2,
1,
4,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6105999946594238,
0.39820000529289246,
0.3628000020980835,
0.42480000853538513,
0.5752000212669373,
0.39820000529289246,
0.42480000853538513
] |
train_1414 | [
"The rapid growth in IT in the last two decades has led to a growth in the amount of information available online.",
"A new style for sharing information is social media.",
"Social media is a continuously instantly updated source of information.",
"In this position paper, we propose a framework for Informatio... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7828999757766724,
0.5968999862670898,
0.5968999862670898,
0.8140000104904175,
0.4341000020503998,
0.7828999757766724,
0.4341000020503998
] |
train_1415 | [
"Security is one of the principal and continuing concerns that restrict customers and organizations engaging with e-commerce.",
"The aim of this paper is to explore the perception of security in e-commerce B2C and C2C websites from both customer and organisational perspectives.",
"It explores factors that influ... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.6111000180244446,
0.44440001249313354,
0.666700005531311,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446
] |
train_1416 | [
"Case research has commanded respect in the information systems (IS) discipline for at least a decade.",
"Notwithstanding the relevance and potential value of case studies, this methodological approach was once considered to be one of the least systematic.",
"Toward the end of the 1980s, the issue of whether IS... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
2,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895,
0.6053000092506409,
0.5160999894142151,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.5160999894142151,
0.8158000111579895
] |
train_1417 | [
"Downloading the book in this website lists can give you more advantages.",
"It will show you the best book collections and completed collections.",
"So many books can be found in this website.",
"So, this is not only this multiple view geometry in computer vision.",
"However, this book is referred to read ... | [
0,
2,
0,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.5788999795913696,
0.3684000074863434,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913
] |
train_1418 | [
"Traditional approaches to the task of ACE event extraction primarily rely on elaborately designed features and complicated natural language processing (NLP) tools.",
"These traditional approaches lack generalization, take a large amount of human effort and are prone to error propagation and data sparsity problem... | [
0,
0,
2,
2,
2,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.7894999980926514,
0.5788999795913696,
0.39469999074935913,
0.5,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514
] |
train_1419 | [
"Test case prioritization involves scheduling test cases in an order that increases their effectiveness in meeting some performance goals.",
"One of the common performance goals is to run those test cases that achieve total code coverage at the earliest.",
"In this work we propose a model that achieves 100% cod... | [
1,
2,
1
] | [
0.4000000059604645,
0.428600013256073,
0.428600013256073
] |
train_1420 | [
"The diagnosis and treatment of malaria infection requires detecting the presence of the malaria parasite in the patient as well as identification of the parasite species.",
"We present an image processing-based approach to detect parasites in microscope images of a blood smear and an ontology-based classificatio... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.44440001249313354,
0.44440001249313354,
0.6388999819755554,
0.6388999819755554,
0.41670000553131104,
0.7778000235557556
] |
train_1421 | [
"We propose a novel multi-sensor system for accurate and power-efficient dynamic car-driver hand-gesture recognition, using a short-range radar, a color camera, and a depth camera, which together make the system robust against variable lighting conditions.",
"We present a procedure to jointly calibrate the radar ... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.800000011920929,
0.428600013256073,
0.6571000218391418,
0.628600001335144,
0.4571000039577484
] |
train_1422 | [
"Read more and get great!",
"That's what the book enPDFd probability and statistics with reliability queuing and computer science applications will give for every reader to read this book.",
"This is an on-line book provided in this website.",
"Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the w... | [
3,
2,
0,
2,
2
] | [
0.428600013256073,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.628600001335144
] |
train_1423 | [
"In this paper it is shown that the principal eigenvector is a necessary representation of the priorities derived from a positive reciprocal pairwise comparison judgment matrix A 1⁄4 ðaijÞ when A is a small perturbation of a consistent matrix.",
"When providing numerical judgments, an individual attempts to estim... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
3
] | [
0.8072999715805054,
0.8072999715805054,
0.8072999715805054,
0.5871999859809875,
0.6330000162124634,
0.6330000162124634
] |
train_1424 | [
"Spatial data mining is the discovery of interesting relationships and characteristics that may exist implicitly in spatial databases.",
"To this end, this paper has three main contributions.",
"First, we propose a new clustering method called CLARANS, whose aim is to identify spatial structures that may be pre... | [
0,
2,
1,
4,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.5946000218391418,
0.7838000059127808,
0.5171999931335449,
0.8108000159263611,
1,
1,
0.6215999722480774
] |
train_1425 | [
"In this work we introduce a novel solution to the semantic image labelling problem, i.e. the task of assigning semantic object class labels to individual pixels in a test image.",
"Conventional methods are typically relying on random fields for modelling interactions between neighboring pixels and obtaining smoo... | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.5555999875068665,
0.5555999875068665,
0.5555999875068665,
0.7778000235557556,
0.6388999819755554,
0.5555999875068665,
0.7778000235557556
] |
train_1426 | [
"Convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely employed for image recognition because it can achieve high accuracy by emulating behavior of optic nerves in living creatures.",
"Recently, rapid growth of modern applications based on deep learning algorithms has further improved research and implementations.",... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1
] | [
1,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.3684000074863434,
0.3684000074863434,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1427 | [
"The main contribution of our work is in combining the methods for parametric urban design of highly specialized software such as CityEngine and general-purpose parametric modeling platform such as Grasshopper.",
"Our work facilitates and prompts the use of parametric tools by architects and planners for urban de... | [
1,
2,
0,
4,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.5676000118255615,
0.2759000062942505,
0.4323999881744385,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.3783999979496002,
0.6215999722480774,
0.7838000059127808,
0.40540000796318054
] |
train_1428 | [
"This study aimed to verify whether achieving a dist inctive academic performance is unlikely for students at high risk of smartphone addiction.",
"Additionally, it verified whether this phenomenon was equally applicable to male and femal e students.",
"After implementing systematic random sampling, 293 univers... | [
2,
1,
4,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
1,
1,
1
] |
train_1429 | [
"Cellular systems of the fourth generation (4G) have been optimized to provide high data rates and reliable coverage to mobile users.",
"Cellular systems of the next generation will face more diverse application requirements: the demand for higher data rates exceeds 4G capabilities; battery-driven communication s... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
0,
4
] | [
1,
0.8108000159263611,
0.4323999881744385,
0.6485999822616577,
0.3783999979496002,
0.6215999722480774
] |
train_1430 | [
"Compared with depth-based 3D hand pose estimation, it is more challenging to infer 3D hand pose from monocular RGB images, due to substantial depth ambiguity and the difficulty of obtaining fullyannotated training data.",
"Different from existing learning-based monocular RGB-input approaches that require accurat... | [
0,
0,
2,
2,
4
] | [
1,
0.7778000235557556,
0.3889000117778778,
0.33329999446868896,
0.22220000624656677
] |
train_1431 | [
"The FlowNet demonstrated that optical flow estimation can be cast as a learning problem.",
"However, the state of the art with regard to the quality of the flow has still been defined by traditional methods.",
"Particularly on small displacements and real-world data, FlowNet cannot compete with variational met... | [
0,
1,
0,
2,
4,
4,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7940999865531921,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843,
0.6176000237464905,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5587999820709229
] |
train_1432 | [
"This paper presents an FPGA architecture for a new version of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm.",
"The efficient hardware that implements the algorithm is also proposed.",
"The new algorithm (AES-512) uses input block size and key size of 512-bits which makes it more resistant to cryptanalysis ... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6413999795913696,
0.7768999934196472,
0.6413999795913696,
0.41830000281333923,
0.41830000281333923,
0.41830000281333923
] |
train_1433 | [
"In this paper, we propose STag, a fiducial marker system that provides stable pose estimation.",
"The outer square border of the marker is used for detection and pose estimation.",
"This is followed by a novel pose refinement step using the inner circular border.",
"The refined pose is more stable and robust... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
2,
2,
4,
4
] | [
0.421099990606308,
0.766700029373169,
0.5788999795913696,
0.6053000092506409,
0.421099990606308,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913,
0.8158000111579895
] |
train_1434 | [
"A typical bandgap voltage reference based on CSMC 0.35 μm CMOS technology is designed and fabricated.",
"The overall bandgap architecture is optimized to achieve high accuracy temperature and power supply independent voltage reference.",
"The design consists of the bandgap core circuit, op-amp, and start-up ci... | [
2,
1,
2,
4,
4
] | [
0.4000000059604645,
0.4000000059604645,
0.5,
0.4000000059604645,
0.800000011920929
] |
train_1435 | [
"Deep artificial neural networks (DNNs) are typically trained via gradient-based learning algorithms, namely backpropagation.",
"Evolution strategies (ES) can rival backprop-based algorithms such as Q-learning and policy gradients on challenging deep reinforcement learning (RL) problems.",
"However, ES can be c... | [
0,
0,
0,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.8125,
0.5625,
0.5625,
0.5938000082969666,
0.40630000829696655,
0.40630000829696655,
0.8438000082969666,
0.5,
0.5
] |
train_1436 | [
"Mechanical devices such as engines, vehicles, aircrafts, etc.",
", are typically instrumented with numerous sensors to capture the behavior and health of the machine.",
"However, there are often external factors or variables which are not captured by sensors leading to time-series which are inherently unpredic... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7886999845504761,
0.7886999845504761,
0.6037999987602234,
0.39250001311302185,
0.8188999891281128,
0.8188999891281128,
0.7886999845504761,
0.6037999987602234,
0.6075000166893005
] |
train_1437 | [
"The alternative fuel butanol can be produced via acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation from renewable resources, i.e. biomass.",
"Expensive feedstocks and the high costs for the separation of ABE from the dilute fermentation broth in the downstream processing have so far prohibited the industrial-scale prod... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7975000143051147,
0.7975000143051147,
0.3840000033378601,
0.6202999949455261,
0.763700008392334,
0.3840000033378601,
0.3797000050544739,
0.41350001096725464,
1
] |
train_1438 | [
"Multi-tiered storage, where each tier consists of one type of storage device (e.g., SSD, HDD, or disk arrays), is a commonly used approach to achieve both high performance and cost efficiency in large-scale systems that need to store data with vastly different access characteristics.",
"By aligning the access ch... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.6111000180244446,
0.41670000553131104,
0.6111000180244446,
1,
1,
0.583299994468689,
0.22220000624656677,
0.3610999882221222,
1
] |
train_1439 | [
"Variable and feature selection have become the focus of much research in areas of application for which datasets with tens or hundreds of thousands of variabl es are available.",
"These areas include text processing of internet documents, gene expression arr ay nalysis, and combinatorial chemistry.",
"The obje... | [
0,
0,
2,
2
] | [
1,
0.8353999853134155,
0.8353999853134155,
0.4609000086784363
] |
train_1440 | [
"We address the problems of contour detection, bottom-up grouping and semantic segmentation using RGB-D data.",
"We focus on the challenging setting of cluttered indoor scenes, and evaluate our approach on the recently introduced NYU-Depth V2 (NYUD2) dataset [27].",
"We propose algorithms for object boundary de... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.4323999881744385,
0.4323999881744385,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5676000118255615,
1,
0.5171999931335449,
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.7838000059127808
] |
train_1441 | [
"The acceleration in developments in communication technology has led to a consequent increase in the vulnerability of data due to penetration attacks.",
"These attacks often came from outside where non-qualified companies develop IT projects.",
"Cryptography can offer high levels of security but has recently s... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.8205000162124634,
0.5,
0.7949000000953674,
1,
1,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_1442 | [
"Many CEOs and managers understand the importance of knowledge sharing among their employees and are eager to introduce the knowledge management paradigm in their organizations.",
"However little is known about the determinants of the individuals knowledge sharing behavior.",
"The purpose of this study is to d... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.5929999947547913,
0.8101000189781189,
0.8101000189781189,
0.5929999947547913,
0.6240000128746033,
0.6240000128746033
] |
train_1443 | [
"In this article, a system to detect rooms in architectural floor plan images is described.",
"We first present a primitive extraction algorithm for line detection.",
"It is based on an original coupling of classical Hough transform with image vectorization in order to perform robust and efficient line detectio... | [
2,
2,
1,
4,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.41179999709129333,
0.5,
0.7940999865531921,
0.6470999717712402,
0.3824000060558319,
0.44119998812675476,
0.41179999709129333,
0.41179999709129333,
0.5587999820709229
] |
train_1444 | [
"Internet and networks applications are growing very fast, so the needs to protect such applications are increased.",
"Encryption algorithms play a main role in information security systems.",
"On the other side, those algorithms consume a significant amount of computing resources such as CPU time, memory, and ... | [
0,
0,
0,
4,
1,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
0.3846000134944916,
0.7949000000953674
] |
train_1445 | [
"This paper introduces a generic dynamic programming function for Matlab.",
"This function solves discretetime optimal-control problems using Bellman's dynamic programming algorithm.",
"The function is implemented such that the user only needs to provide the objective function and the model equations.",
"The ... | [
0,
2,
0,
2,
1,
1,
0,
1
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.3684000074863434,
0.5788999795913696,
0.631600022315979,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.631600022315979
] |
train_1446 | [
"Current approaches to measuring people's everyday usage of technology-based media and other computer-related activities have proved to be problematic as they use varied outcome measures, fail to measure behavior in a broad range of technology-related domains and do not take into account recently developed types of... | [
0,
0,
1,
2,
2,
4
] | [
0.7813000082969666,
0.4375,
0.4375,
0.40630000829696655,
0.4375,
0.8125
] |
train_1447 | [
"Roadway traffic safety is a major concern for transportation governing agencies as well as ordinary citizens.",
"In order to give safe driving suggestions, careful analysis of roadway traffic data is critical to find out variables that are closely related to fatal accidents.",
"In this paper we apply statistic... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8490999937057495,
0.6509000062942505,
0.4244999885559082,
0.4244999885559082,
0.4528000056743622,
0.4244999885559082
] |
train_1448 | [
"The ability to recognize emotion is one of the hallmarks of emotional intelligence, an aspect of human intelligence that has been argued to be even more important than mathematical and verbal intelligences.",
"This paper proposes that machine intelligence needs to include emotional intelligence and demonstrates ... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.583299994468689,
0.7778000235557556,
0.7778000235557556,
0.7778000235557556,
0.7778000235557556
] |
train_1449 | [
"The use of object proposals is an effective recent approach for increasing the computational efficiency of object detection.",
"We propose a novel method for generating object bounding box proposals using edges.",
"Edges provide a sparse yet informative representation of an image.",
"Our main observation is ... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8101000189781189,
0.7828999757766724,
0.7828999757766724,
0.7828999757766724,
0.8140000104904175,
0.620199978351593,
0.5929999947547913,
0.5968999862670898,
1
] |
train_1450 | [
"Four methods for reviewing a body of research literature – narrative review, descriptive review, vote-counting, and meta-analysis – are compared.",
"Meta-analysis as a formalized, systematic review method is discussed in detail in terms of its history, current status, advantages, common analytic methods, and rec... | [
0,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.5676000118255615,
0.6215999722480774,
0.4323999881744385,
0.4323999881744385
] |
train_1451 | [
"Quality uncertainty and high search costs for identifying relevant information from an ocean of information may prevent customers from making purchases.",
"Recognizing potential negative impacts of this search cost for quality information and relevant information, firms began to invest in creating a virtual comm... | [
0,
0,
0,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.6061000227928162,
0.8181999921798706,
0.5454999804496765,
0.33329999446868896,
0.42419999837875366,
0.5357000231742859,
0.4544999897480011
] |
train_1452 | [
"Customer reviews are increasingly available online for a wide range of products and services.",
"They supplement other information provided by electronic storefronts such as product descriptions, reviews from experts, and personalized advice generated by automated recommendation systems.",
"While researchers h... | [
0,
0,
0,
3,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
1,
1,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.39469999074935913,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409
] |
train_1453 | [
"This paper aims at high-accuracy 3D object detection in autonomous driving scenario.",
"We propose Multi-View 3D networks (MV3D), a sensory-fusion framework that takes both LIDAR point cloud and RGB images as input and predicts oriented 3D bounding boxes.",
"We encode the sparse 3D point cloud with a compact m... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.567300021648407,
0.567300021648407,
0.23080000281333923,
0.375,
0.567300021648407,
0.4943999946117401,
0.8557999730110168,
0.6538000106811523
] |
train_1454 | [
"Time series are recorded values of an interesting phenomenon such as stock prices, household incomes, or patient heart rates over a period of time.",
"Time series data mining focuses on discovering interesting patterns in such data.",
"This article introduces a wavelet-based time series data analysis to intere... | [
0,
0,
1,
1
] | [
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913
] |
train_1455 | [
"Whereas the penetration of mobile phones inAsian countries keeps climbing, little research has explored the application of the short message service (SMS) in second language learning.",
"This study aims to examine the effectiveness of SMS vocabulary lessons of limited lexical information on the small screens of ... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.800000011920929,
1,
0.800000011920929,
0.428600013256073,
0.428600013256073,
1,
1
] |
train_1456 | [
"Procedural Content Generation in Games (PCG) is a thriving field of research and application.",
"Recent presented examples range from levels, stories and race tracks to complete rulesets for games.",
"However, there is not much research to date on procedural 3D modeling of caves, and similar enclosed natural s... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8125,
0.46880000829696655,
1,
0.5938000082969666,
0.46880000829696655,
0.6563000082969666,
1
] |
train_1457 | [
"Purpose – To explore the current literature base of critical success factors (CSFs) of ERP implementations, prepare a compilation, and identify any gaps that might exist.",
"Design/methodology/approach – Hundreds of journals were searched using key terms identified in a preliminary literature review.",
"Succes... | [
2,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
0,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.7037000060081482,
0.6470999717712402,
0.41179999709129333,
1,
0.44119998812675476,
0.41179999709129333,
0.5,
0.6176000237464905,
0.6470999717712402,
0.44119998812675476
] |
train_1458 | [
"One long-term goal of machine learning research is to produce methods that are applicable to reasoning and natural language, in particular building an intelligent dialogue agent.",
"To measure progress towards that goal, we argue for the usefulness of a set of proxy tasks that evaluate reading comprehension via ... | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
0
] | [
0.8234999775886536,
0.6176000237464905,
0.5184999704360962,
0.6176000237464905,
0.3824000060558319,
0.2353000044822693
] |
train_1459 | [
"The creation of a labelled dataset for machine learning purposes is a costly process.",
"In recent works, it has been shown that a mix of crowdsourcing and active learning approaches can be used to annotate objects at an a↵ordable cost.",
"In this paper, we study the gamification of machine learning techniques... | [
0,
2,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.6154000163078308,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.6154000163078308,
1
] |
train_1460 | [
"Recommender system is a specific type of intelligent systems, which exploits historical user ratings on items and/or auxiliary information to make recommendations on items to the users.",
"It plays a critical role in a wide range of online shopping, e-commercial services and social networking applications.",
"... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4,
0
] | [
0.800000011920929,
1,
0.6000000238418579,
0.771399974822998,
0.6000000238418579,
0.571399986743927,
0.8285999894142151,
0.428600013256073,
1,
0.571399986743927
] |
train_1461 | [
"Size and cost reduction are among the main issues of electric motor design and fabrication.",
"This paper proposes an original layout for an axial flux permanent-magnet motor with printed circuit board (PCB) winding.",
"In contrast to other axial flux motors of the same type, which are generally made with a th... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.5788999795913696,
0.21050000190734863,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.766700029373169,
0.7894999980926514
] |
train_1462 | [
"Spatial pyramid pooling module or encode-decoder structure are used in deep neural networks for semantic segmentation task.",
"The former networks are able to encode multi-scale contextual information by probing the incoming features with filters or pooling operations at multiple rates and multiple effective fie... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.631600022315979
] |
train_1463 | [
"Fog Computing is a paradigm that extends Cloud computing and services to the edge of the network.",
"Similar to Cloud, Fog provides data, compute, storage, and application services to end-users.",
"In this article, we elaborate the motivation and advantages of Fog computing, and analyse its applications in a s... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
1,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.6154000163078308
] |
train_1464 | [
"We present persona-based models for handling the issue of speaker consistency in neural response generation.",
"A speaker model encodes personas in distributed embeddings that capture individual characteristics such as background information and speaking style.",
"A dyadic speakeraddressee model captures prope... | [
0,
0,
0,
4
] | [
0.5555999875068665,
0.44440001249313354,
0.44440001249313354,
0.3889000117778778
] |
train_1465 | [
"Organizations use Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to protect information resources from unauthorized access.",
"We propose an approach, based on the Unified Modeling Language (UML), that shows how RBAC policies can be systematically incorporated into an application design.",
"We consider an RBAC model to be a... | [
0,
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.6388999819755554,
0.41670000553131104,
0.8055999875068665,
1,
0.6111000180244446,
0.7142999768257141,
0.5555999875068665
] |
train_1466 | [
"0957-4174/$ see front matter 2012 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.063 ⇑ Corresponding author.",
"E-mail address: michael@mail.tku.edu.tw (S.-H. Li In order to determine how data mining techniques (DMT) and their applications have developed, during the past decade, this paper reviews data mining techni... | [
3,
0,
0,
2,
1,
4,
3
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.631600022315979,
0.5788999795913696,
0.39469999074935913,
1
] |
train_1467 | [
"Open data has become an important new direction in information technology.",
"Governments are releasing data so as to be more transparent and also claiming that open data has substantial economic value.",
"However, there appear to be many issues about open data that are not being discussed.",
"This paper use... | [
0,
0,
0,
2
] | [
1,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.4323999881744385
] |
train_1468 | [
"Acknowledgements I want to thank Bernhard Steffen for guiding me during the past five years.",
"Clearly, this dis-sertation is a result of having being challenged, motivated, and supported in a truly unique environment, created by the persons that gathered at the Chair of Programming Systems to create and cooper... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0
] | [
0.6435999870300293,
0.43560001254081726,
0.6435999870300293,
0.38609999418258667,
0.4059000015258789
] |
train_1469 | [
"Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.",
"Please refer to the current edition of the \"Internet Official Protocol Standards\" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this pr... | [
0,
0,
3,
1,
1,
4,
2
] | [
0.4643000066280365,
0.800000011920929,
0.428600013256073,
0.4000000059604645,
0.428600013256073,
0.571399986743927,
0.428600013256073
] |
train_1470 | [
"The present paper focuses on Cyber Security Awareness Campaigns, and aims to identify key factors regarding security which may lead them to failing to appropriately change people’s behaviour.",
"Past and current efforts to improve information-security practices and promote a sustainable society have not had the ... | [
0,
0,
2,
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.620199978351593,
0.8101000189781189,
0.5929999947547913,
0.40700000524520874,
0.40700000524520874,
0.40700000524520874,
0.6240000128746033,
0.8101000189781189,
0.4341000020503998
] |
train_1471 | [
"Direct Sparse Odometry (DSO) is a visual odometry method based on a novel, highly accurate sparse and direct structure and motion formulation.",
"It combines a fully direct probabilistic model (minimizing a photometric error) with consistent, joint optimization of all model parameters, including geometry-represe... | [
1,
1,
1,
1,
0,
4,
4
] | [
0.583299994468689,
0.583299994468689,
0.44440001249313354,
0.666700005531311,
0.41670000553131104,
0.583299994468689,
0.5555999875068665
] |
train_1472 | [
"Geometry reasoning and proof form a major and challenging component in the K-121 mathematics curriculum.",
"Although several computerized systems exist that help students learn and practice general geometry concepts, they do not target geometry proof problems, which are more advanced and difficult.",
"Powerful... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
2,
4,
4,
4,
3
] | [
1,
0.8055999875068665,
0.6111000180244446,
1,
0.3889000117778778,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.8055999875068665
] |
train_1473 | [
"Goal: Cataracts are a clouding of the lens and the leading cause of blindness worldwide.",
"Assessing the presence and severity of cataracts is essential for diagnosis and progression monitoring, as well as to facilitate clinical research and management of the disease.",
"Methods: Existing automatic methods fo... | [
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.631600022315979,
0.421099990606308,
0.8158000111579895,
0.6053000092506409,
0.7894999980926514,
0.6053000092506409,
0.8158000111579895,
0.631600022315979,
0.6053000092506409
] |
train_1474 | [
"To date, there is almost no work on the use of adverbs in sentiment analysis, nor has there been any work on the use of adverb-adjective combinations (AACs).",
"We propose an AAC-based sentiment analysis technique that uses a linguistic analysis of adverbs of degree.",
"We define a set of general axioms (based... | [
0,
2,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.3889000117778778,
0.41670000553131104,
0.583299994468689,
1
] |
train_1475 | [
"Railway standards prescribe the use of Safety-related Application Conditions (SACs).",
"SACs are demands to be observed when using a safety related system or a sub-system.",
"The use of SACs can, however, easily be associated with difficulties.",
"SACs of sub-systems can imply high efforts regarding their fu... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.771399974822998,
0.542900025844574,
0.542900025844574,
0.6956999897956848,
0.34290000796318054,
0.428600013256073,
0.428600013256073,
0.428600013256073,
0.428600013256073,
0.428600013256073
] |
train_1476 | [
"From the oversexualized characters in fighting games, such as Dead or Alive or Ninja Gaiden, to the overuse of the damsel in distress trope in popular titles, such as the Super Mario series, the under- and misrepresentation of females in video games has been well documented in several content analyses.",
"Cultiv... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
1,
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418,
0.8108000159263611
] |
train_1477 | [
"In agriculture sector where farmers and agribusinesses have to make innumerable decisions every day and intricate complexities involves the various factors influencing them.",
"An essential issue for agricultural planning intention is the accurate yield estimation for the numerous crops involved in the planning.... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.421099990606308,
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_1478 | [
"This paper describes a representation of gait appearance for the purpose of person identification and classification.",
"This gait representation is based on simple features such as moments extracted from orthogonal view video silhouettes of human walking motion.",
"Despite its simplicity, the resulting featur... | [
2,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611
] |
train_1479 | [
"Music in India has very ancient roots.",
"Indian classical music is considered to be one of the oldest musical traditions in the world but compared to Western music very little work has been done in the areas of genre recognition, classification, automatic tagging, comparative studies etc.",
"In this work, we ... | [
0,
0,
2,
0,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.7778000235557556,
0.7778000235557556,
0.5555999875068665,
0.44440001249313354,
0.6111000180244446,
0.5555999875068665,
0.5555999875068665,
0.7778000235557556
] |
train_1480 | [
"A comprehensive study of ultrahigh-speed current-mode logic (CML) buffers along with the design of novel regenerative CML latches will be illustrated.",
"First, a new design procedure to systematically design a chain of tapered CML buffers is proposed.",
"Next, two new high-speed regenerative latch circuits ca... | [
1,
2,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.39469999074935913,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514
] |
train_1481 | [
"Mobile augmented reality (mobile AR) enables virtual content such as 3D models, animations and annotations to be placed on top of a real world objects in any context.",
"We applied mobile AR to develop the Calory Battle AR exergame to tackle worldwide childhood obesity.",
"In this game the player finds and def... | [
0,
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.6215999722480774,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.6215999722480774,
0.8108000159263611,
0.6215999722480774,
0.7838000059127808,
0.7838000059127808,
0.7838000059127808
] |
train_1482 | [
"Computational models of single pacemaker neuron and neural population in the pre-Bötzinger Complex (pBC) were developed based on the previous models by Butera et al. (1999a,b).",
"Our modeling study focused on the conditions that could define endogenous bursting vs. tonic activity in single pacemaker neurons and... | [
0,
2,
4,
1,
0,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
0.7949000000953674,
0.6154000163078308,
0.7949000000953674
] |
train_1483 | [
"It is increasingly acknowledged that many threats to an organisation’s computer systems can be attributed to the behaviour of computer users.",
"To quantify these human-based information security vulnerabilities, we are developing the Human Aspects of Information Security Questionnaire (HAIS-Q).",
"The aim of ... | [
0,
0,
2,
2,
2,
4,
4,
4,
3,
3
] | [
1,
0.5788999795913696,
1,
0.8158000111579895,
1,
0.6053000092506409,
1,
0.6053000092506409,
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895
] |
train_1484 | [
"We discuss distributed denial of service attacks in the Internet.",
"We were motivated by the widely known February 2000 distributed attacks on Yahoo!, Amazon.com, CNN.com, and other major Web sites.",
"A denial of service is characterized by an explicit attempt by an attacker to prevent legitimate users from ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.41029998660087585,
0.6154000163078308,
0.6154000163078308,
0.6154000163078308,
0.8205000162124634,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585
] |
train_1485 | [
"Predicting trends in stock market prices has been an area of interest for researchers for many years due to its complex and dynamic nature.",
"Intrinsic volatility in stock market across the globe makes the task of prediction challenging.",
"Forecasting and diffusion modeling, although effective can’t be the p... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.6000000238418579,
0.4000000059604645,
0.4000000059604645,
0.6000000238418579,
1,
1,
1,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_1486 | [
"We present an overview of the last ten years of research on visualizations that support close and distant reading of textual data in the digital humanities.",
"We look at various works published within both the visualization and digital humanities communities.",
"We provide a taxonomy of applied methods for cl... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.8205000162124634,
0.6154000163078308,
1
] |
train_1487 | [
"In this paper, we propose an attention-aware deep reinforcement learning (ADRL) method for video face recognition, which aims to discard the misleading and confounding frames and find the focuses of attentions in face videos for person recognition.",
"We formulate the process of finding the attentions of videos ... | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.428600013256073,
0.771399974822998,
0.771399974822998,
0.6571000218391418,
0.771399974822998
] |
train_1488 | [
"This paper presents a comprehensive performance comparison between CUDA and OpenCL.",
"We have selected 16 benchmarks ranging from synthetic applications to real-world ones.",
"We make an extensive analysis of the performance gaps taking into account programming models, ptimization strategies, architectural de... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
2,
4
] | [
0.6057999730110168,
0.5961999893188477,
0.7980999946594238,
0.5769000053405762,
0.6345999836921692,
0.4327000081539154,
0.40380001068115234,
1
] |
train_1489 | [
"Organizational structures are complex and vary according to sector, field, and type of business or service.",
"In order to be effective, an organization needs to tailor its activities to the environment in which is it located.",
"Based on contingency perspectives, this study is focused on investigating effecti... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
4,
4,
3
] | [
1,
0.6229000091552734,
0.8220000267028809,
0.8305000066757202,
0.5551000237464905,
0.5551000237464905,
1
] |
train_1490 | [
"Humans use their hands for a large variety of tasks during daily life.",
"In this chapter, a discussion of human hand use is presented, including classification schemes for grasping and manipulation behaviors.",
"First, a simple classification of the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) is presented, providing so... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674
] |
train_1491 | [
"Between June 1985 and January 1987, the Therac-25 medical electron accelerator was involved in six massive radiation overdoses.",
"As a result, several people died and others were seriously injured.",
"A detailed investigation of the factors involved in the software-related overdoses and attempts by users, man... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1
] | [
1,
0.5788999795913696,
0.5788999795913696,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308
] |
train_1492 | [
"In recent years, significant progress has been made in solving challenging problems across various domains using deep reinforcement learning (RL).",
"Reproducing existing work and accurately judging the improvements offered by novel methods is vital to sustaining this progress.",
"Unfortunately, reproducing re... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
1,
0.8151000142097473,
0.6340000033378601,
0.7886999845504761,
0.8151000142097473,
0.42260000109672546
] |
train_1493 | [
"Ranking fraud in the mobile App market refers to fraudulent or deceptive activities which have a purpose of bumping up the Apps in the popularity list.",
"Indeed, it becomes more and more frequent for App developers to use shady means, such as inflating their Apps' sales or posting phony App ratings, to commit r... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8019000291824341,
0.8019000291824341,
0.8019000291824341,
0.5755000114440918,
1,
0.8490999937057495,
0.3490999937057495,
0.6509000062942505,
0.8019000291824341,
1
] |
train_1494 | [
"We consider the class of iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithms (ISTA) for solving linear inverse problems arising in signal/image processing.",
"This class of methods, which can be viewed as an extension of the classical gradient algorithm, is attractive due to its simplicity and thus is adequate for solvi... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.628600001335144,
0.571399986743927,
0.428600013256073,
0.6000000238418579,
0.8285999894142151
] |
train_1495 | [
"Video games have dramatically increased in realism over the past several years.",
"With an increase in both graphical fidelity and gameplay realism, this increase has been used to further immersion in video games on many levels.",
"Video games have been subject to the term “immersion” for many years now, used ... | [
2,
0,
0,
2
] | [
0.41179999709129333,
0.5881999731063843,
0.5881999731063843,
0.6176000237464905
] |
train_1496 | [
"The adoption of Smart Grid devices throughout utility networks will effect tremendous change in grid operations and usage of electricity over the next two decades.",
"The changes in ways to control loads, coupled with increased penetration of renewable energy sources, offer a new set of challenges in balancing c... | [
0,
0,
2,
1
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_1497 | [
"Research proposing the application of blockchain technology in accounting assumes the utilization of decentralized consensus mechanisms based on the exertion of scarce resources (Proof-of-Work; PoW), leading to the validation of transactions without the need of any third party.",
"Together with the blockchain, a... | [
0,
2,
4,
1,
4
] | [
0.6215999722480774,
0.4323999881744385,
0.3783999979496002,
0.40540000796318054,
0.6215999722480774
] |
train_1498 | [
"Ensemble methods for classification and regression have focused a great deal of attention in recent years.",
"They have shown, both theoretically and empirically, that they are able to perform substantially better than single models in a wide range of tasks.",
"We have adapted an ensemble method to the problem... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
3
] | [
0.8108000159263611,
0.8108000159263611,
0.5946000218391418,
0.8108000159263611,
0.6215999722480774,
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418,
1,
1
] |
train_1499 | [
"User comments are the most popular but also extremely controversial form of communication on YouTube.",
"Their public image is very poor; users generally expect that most comments will be of little value or even in thoroughly bad taste.",
"Nevertheless, heaps of comments continue to be posted every day.",
"W... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8234999775886536,
1,
0.8234999775886536,
0.41179999709129333,
0.6470999717712402,
0.8234999775886536
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.