title
string
url
string
wiki_id
int64
text
string
annotations
list
language
string
Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Mackenzie_(politician)
1,235
Alexander Mackenzie (politician). Alexander Mackenzie, PC (January 28, 1822 – April 17, 1892), was a building contractor and newspaper editor, and was the second Prime Minister of Canada, from November 7, 1873 to October 8, 1878. Life and career. Mackenzie was born in Logierait, Perthshire, Scotland, the son of Mary St...
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en
Ashoka
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka
1,239
Ashoka. Ashoka (;; 304–232 BCE), was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from to 232 BCE. One of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka reigned over a realm that stretched from the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan to the modern state of Bangladesh in the east. It covere...
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en
American_(word)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_(word)
1,241
American (word). The meaning of the word American in the English language varies according to the historical, geographical, and political context in which it is used. "American" is derived from "America", a term originally denoting all of the New World (also called "the Americas"). In some expressions, it retains this ...
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en
Ada_(programming_language)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)
1,242
Ada (programming language). Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, wide-spectrum, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design-by-contract, extremely strong typing, explicit concurrency, offering tasks, sy...
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en
Alfonso_Cuarón
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n
1,247
Alfonso Cuarón. Alfonso Cuarón Orozco (; born November 28, 1961) is a Mexican film director, screenwriter, producer and editor best known for his dramas "A Little Princess" (1995) and "Y Tu Mamá También" (2001), the fantasy film "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban" (2004), and science fiction thrillers "Children ...
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en
Arianism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arianism
1,252
Arianism. Arianism is a Christian belief that asserts that Jesus Christ is the Son of God who was created by God the Father at a point in time, is distinct from the Father and is therefore subordinate to the Father. Arian teachings were first attributed to Arius (c. AD 250–336), a Christian presbyter in Alexandria, Egy...
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en
Antoninus_Pius
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Pius
1,256
Antoninus Pius. Antoninus Pius (; 19 September, 86 AD – 7 March, 161 AD), also known as Antoninus, was Roman Emperor from 138 to 161. He was one of the Five Good Emperors in the Nerva–Antonine dynasty and the Aurelii. He acquired the name Pius after his accession to the throne, either because he compelled the Senate to...
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en
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard
1,260
Advanced Encryption Standard. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known as Rijndael (its original name), is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. AES is based on the Rijndael cipher developed by two Belgian c...
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en
Argot
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argot
1,262
Argot. An argot (; from French "argot" ‘slang’) is a secret language used by various groups—e.g. schoolmates, outlaws, colleagues, among many others—to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations. The term "argot" is also used to refer to the informal specialized vocabulary from a particular field of study...
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en
Anisotropy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anisotropy
1,264
Anisotropy. Anisotropy is the property of being directionally dependent, as opposed to isotropy, which implies identical properties in all directions. It can be defined as a difference, when measured along different axes, in a material's physical or mechanical properties (absorbance, refractive index, conductivity, ten...
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en
Alpha_decay
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_decay
1,267
Alpha decay. Both mass number and atomic number are conserved: the mass number is 238 on the left side and (234 + 4) on the right side and the atomic number is 92 on the left side and (90 + 2) on the right side. Alpha particles have a charge +2, but as a nuclear equation describes a nuclear reaction without considering...
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en
Extreme_poverty
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_poverty
1,270
Extreme poverty. Extreme poverty, absolute poverty, destitution or penury, was originally defined by the United Nations in 1995 as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. It depends not...
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en
Analytical_Engine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_Engine
1,271
Analytical Engine. The Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a mechanical computer. The Analytical Engine incorporated an ar...
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en
Augustus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus
1,273
Augustus. Augustus (; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Empire and its first Emperor, ruling from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He was born Gaius Octavius (Anglicized simply as Octavian) into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian Octavii family. His maternal great-uncle...
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en
Geography_of_Antarctica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Antarctica
1,274
Geography of Antarctica. The geography of Antarctica is dominated by its south polar location and, thus, by ice. The Antarctic continent, located in the Earth's southern hemisphere, is centered asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle. It is surrounded by the southern waters of the...
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en
Transport_in_Antarctica
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Antarctica
1,279
Transport in Antarctica. Transport in Antarctica has transformed from explorers crossing the isolated remote area of Antarctica by foot to a more open area due to human technologies enabling more convenient and faster transport, predominantly by air and water, as well as land. Transportation technologies on a remote ar...
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en
Geography_of_Alabama
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Alabama
1,285
Geography of Alabama. This article will go through a wide range of topics of the geography of the state of Alabama. It is 30th in size and borders four U.S. states: Mississippi, Tennessee, Georgia, and Florida. It also borders the Gulf of Mexico. Physical features. Extending entirely across the state of Alabama for abo...
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en
List_of_Governors_of_Alabama
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Alabama
1,286
List of Governors of Alabama. The Governor of Alabama is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Alabama. The governor is the head of the executive branch of Alabama's state government and is charged with enforcing state laws. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Alabama Legislature...
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en
Apocrypha
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocrypha
1,288
Apocrypha. Apocrypha are works, usually written works, that are of unknown authorship, or of doubtful authenticity, or spurious, or not considered to be within a particular canon. The word is properly treated as a plural, but in common usage is often singular. In the context of the Jewish and Christian Bibles, where mo...
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en
Antarctic_Treaty_System
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctic_Treaty_System
1,291
Antarctic Treaty System. The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements, collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), regulate international relations with respect to Antarctica, Earth's only continent without a native human population. For the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is defined as all of the...
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en
Alfred_Lawson
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Lawson
1,293
Alfred Lawson. Alfred William Lawson (March 24, 1869 – November 29, 1954) was a professional baseball player, manager and league promoter from 1887 through 1916 and went on to play a pioneering role in the US aircraft industry, publishing two early aviation trade journals. In 1904, he also wrote a novel, "Born Again", ...
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en
Ames,_Iowa
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames%2C_Iowa
1,298
Ames, Iowa. Ames is a city located in the central part of the U.S. state of Iowa in Story County. Lying approximately north of Des Moines, it had a 2010 population of 58,965. The U.S. Census Bureau designates the Ames metropolitan statistical area as encompassing all of Story County; combined with the Boone, Iowa micro...
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en
Abalone
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abalone
1,300
Abalone. Abalone (or; via Spanish ', from the Rumsen language "aulón") is a common name for any of a group of small to very large edible sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Haliotidae. Other common names are ear shells, sea ears, and muttonfish or muttonshells in Australia, ormer in Great Britain, perle...
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en
Abbess
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbess
1,301
Abbess. In Christianity, an abbess (Latin "abbatissa", feminine form of "abbas," abbot) is the female superior of a community of nuns, which is often an abbey. Description. In the Catholic Church (both the Latin Church and Eastern Catholic), Eastern Orthodox, Coptic and Anglican abbeys, the mode of election, position, ...
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en
Abdominal_surgery
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_surgery
1,303
Abdominal surgery. The term abdominal surgery broadly covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen. Surgery of each abdominal organ is dealt with separately in connection with the description of that organ (see stomach, kidney, liver, etc.) Diseases affecting the abdominal cavity are dealt with generally...
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en
Abensberg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abensberg
1,305
Abensberg. Abensberg () is a town in the Lower Bavarian district of Kelheim, in Bavaria, Germany, lying around 30 km southwest of Regensburg, 40 km east of Ingolstadt, 50 northwest of Landshut and 100 km north of Munich. It is situated on the Abens river, a tributary of the Danube. Geography. The town lies on the Abens...
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en
Arminianism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arminianism
1,306
Arminianism. Arminianism is based on theological ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius (1560–1609) and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants. His teachings held to the five solae of the Reformation, but they were distinct from particular teachings of Martin Luther, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvi...
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en
The_Alan_Parsons_Project
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Alan_Parsons_Project
1,307
The Alan Parsons Project. The Alan Parsons Project were a British progressive rock band, active between 1975 and 1990, consisting of Alan Parsons and Eric Woolfson surrounded by a varying number of session musicians and some relatively consistent band members such as guitarist Ian Bairnson, bassist and vocalist David P...
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en
Almost_all
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost_all
1,309
Almost all. In mathematics, the phrase "almost all" has a number of specialised uses which extend its intuitive meaning. Cardinality. "Almost all" is sometimes used synonymously with "all but [except] finitely many" (formally, a cofinite set) or "all but a countable set" (formally, a cocountable set); see almost. A sim...
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en
Aromatic_hydrocarbon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_hydrocarbon
1,313
Aromatic hydrocarbon. An aromatic hydrocarbon or arene (or sometimes aryl hydrocarbon) is a hydrocarbon with sigma bonds and delocalized pi electrons between carbon atoms forming rings. The term 'aromatic' was assigned before the physical mechanism determining aromaticity was discovered; the term was coined as such sim...
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en
Abbey
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey
1,315
Abbey. An abbey is a building or collection of buildings, typically providing work and housing for Christian and Catholic monks and nuns, though the term has also been applied to the homesteads of nobility. Christian abbeys exist under the rule of an Abbot or Abbess. In modern times, many abbeys are open to visitors an...
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en
Annales_School
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annales_School
1,316
Annales School. The Annales School () is a group of historians associated with a style of historiography developed by French historians in the 20th century to stress long-term social history. It is named after its scholarly journal "Annales d'histoire économique et sociale", which remains the main source of scholarship...
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en
Antimatter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimatter
1,317
Antimatter. In particle physics, antimatter is a material composed of antiparticles, which have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but opposite charges, as well as other particle properties such as lepton and baryon numbers. Collisions between particles and antiparticles lead to the annihilation of both, giv...
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en
Casa_Batlló
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Batll%C3%B3
1,322
Casa Batlló. Casa Batlló () is a renowned building located in the center of Barcelona and is one of Antoni Gaudí’s masterpieces. A remodel of a previously built house, it was redesigned in 1904 by Gaudí and has been refurbished several times after that. Gaudí's assistants Domènec Sugrañes i Gras, Josep Canaleta and Joa...
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en
Park_Güell
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park_G%C3%BCell
1,324
Park Güell. The Park Güell () is a public park system composed of gardens and architectonic elements located on Carmel Hill, in Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain). Carmel Hill belongs to the mountain range of Collserola – the Parc del Carmel is located on the northern face. Park Güell is located in La Salut, a neighborhood i...
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en
Casa_Milà
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casa_Mil%C3%A0
1,325
Casa Milà. Casa Milà (,), popularly known as "La Pedrera" (, meaning the 'The Quarry'), is a modernist building in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was the last civil work designed by architect Antoni Gaudí, and was built from 1906 to 1912. The building was commissioned in 1906 by businessman Pere Milà i Camps and his w...
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en
Antiparticle
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle
1,327
Antiparticle. Corresponding to most kinds of particles, there is an associated antimatter antiparticle with the same mass and opposite charge (including electric charge). For example, the antiparticle of the electron is the positively charged positron, which is produced naturally in certain types of radioactive decay. ...
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en
Arabian_Prince
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Prince
1,331
Arabian Prince. Kim Nazel (born June 17, 1965), better known by his stage name Arabian Prince, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper and producer. Biography. Arabian Prince started working with Bobby Jimmy & the Critters in 1984. He also produced the hit single and album for rolo, "Supersonic." In 1986, he was a fou...
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en
August_7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_7
1,332
August 7. This day marks the approximate midpoint of summer in the Northern Hemisphere and of winter in the Southern Hemisphere (starting the season at the June solstice).
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en
Associative_property
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_property
1,335
Associative property. In mathematics, the associative property is a property of some binary operations. In propositional logic, associativity is a valid rule of replacement for expressions in logical proofs. Even though the parentheses were rearranged on each line, the values of the expressions were not altered. Since ...
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en
Apache_Software_Foundation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation
1,336
Apache Software Foundation. The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) is an American non-profit corporation (classified as 501(c)(3) in the United States) to support Apache software projects, including the Apache HTTP Server. The ASF was formed from the Apache Group and incorporated in Delaware, U.S., in June 1999. The Apac...
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en
Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990
1,338
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) is a wide-ranging civil rights law that is intended to protect against discrimination based on disability. Enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1990, it affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities...
[ { "surface_form": "civil rights", "uri": "Civil_rights", "offset": 109 }, { "surface_form": "discrimination", "uri": "Discrimination", "offset": 162 }, { "surface_form": "disability", "uri": "Disability", "offset": 186 }, { "surface_form": "U.S. Congress", "ur...
en
Apple_I
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_I
1,344
Apple I. Apple Computer 1, also known later as the Apple I, or Apple-1, was released by the Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in 1976. It was designed and hand-built by Steve Wozniak. Wozniak's friend Steve Jobs had the idea of selling the computer. The Apple I was Apple's first product, and to finance its creati...
[ { "surface_form": "Apple Inc.", "uri": "Apple_Inc.", "offset": 120 }, { "surface_form": "hand-built", "uri": "Handicraft", "offset": 161 }, { "surface_form": "Steve Wozniak", "uri": "Steve_Wozniak", "offset": 175 }, { "surface_form": "Steve Jobs", "uri": "Stev...
en
Apatosaurus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apatosaurus
1,346
Apatosaurus. "Apatosaurus" (; meaning "deceptive lizard") is a genus of extinct sauropod dinosaurs that lived in North America during the Late Jurassic period. Othniel Charles Marsh described and named the first-known species, "A. ajax" in 1877, and a second species, "A. louisae", was discovered and named by William H....
[ { "surface_form": "genus", "uri": "Genus", "offset": 63 }, { "surface_form": "sauropod", "uri": "Sauropod", "offset": 80 }, { "surface_form": "dinosaur", "uri": "Dinosaur", "offset": 89 }, { "surface_form": "Late Jurassic", "uri": "Late_Jurassic", "offset"...
en
Allosaurus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allosaurus
1,347
Allosaurus. "Allosaurus" () is a genus of large theropod dinosaur that lived 155 to 150 million years ago during the late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian). The name "Allosaurus" means "different lizard". It is derived from the Greek /"allos" ("different, other") and /"sauros" ("lizard / generic reptile...
[ { "surface_form": "genus", "uri": "Genus", "offset": 33 }, { "surface_form": "theropod", "uri": "Theropoda", "offset": 48 }, { "surface_form": "dinosaur", "uri": "Dinosaur", "offset": 57 }, { "surface_form": "late Jurassic", "uri": "Late_Jurassic", "offset...
en
AK-47
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47
1,348
AK-47. The AK-47 (also known as the Kalashnikov, AK, or in Russian slang, Kalash) is a selective-fire (semi-automatic and automatic), gas-operated 7.62×39mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known in the Soviet documentation as "Avtomat Kalashnikova" (). Design work o...
[ { "surface_form": "selective-fire", "uri": "Selective_fire", "offset": 87 }, { "surface_form": "gas-operated", "uri": "Gas_operated", "offset": 134 }, { "surface_form": "7.62×39mm", "uri": "7.62%C3%9739mm", "offset": 147 }, { "surface_form": "assault rifle", "...
en
Atanasoff–Berry_computer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasoff%E2%80%93Berry_computer
1,349
Atanasoff–Berry computer. The Atanasoff–Berry computer (ABC) was the first automatic electronic digital computer, an early electronic digital computing device that has remained somewhat obscure. The ABC's priority is debated among historians of computer technology, because it was not programmable, nor Turing-complete. ...
[ { "surface_form": "electronic", "uri": "Electronics", "offset": 123 }, { "surface_form": "digital", "uri": "Digital_data", "offset": 134 }, { "surface_form": "computing", "uri": "Computing", "offset": 142 }, { "surface_form": "programmable", "uri": "Computer_p...
en
Andes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andes
1,354
Andes. The Andes are the longest continental mountain range in the world. They are a continual range of highlands along the western coast of South America. This range is about long, about wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about. The Andes extend from north to south thro...
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en
Ancylopoda
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancylopoda
1,356
Ancylopoda. Ancylopoda is a group of browsing, herbivorous, mammals in the Perissodactyla that show long, curved and cleft claws. Morphological evidence indicates the Ancylopoda diverged from the tapirs, rhinoceroses and horses (Euperissodactyla) after the Brontotheria, however earlier authorities such as Osborn someti...
[ { "surface_form": "herbivorous", "uri": "Herbivorous", "offset": 47 }, { "surface_form": "mammal", "uri": "Mammal", "offset": 60 }, { "surface_form": "Perissodactyla", "uri": "Perissodactyla", "offset": 75 }, { "surface_form": "claw", "uri": "Claw", "offse...
en
Anchor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor
1,358
Anchor. An anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to connect a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. The word derives from Latin "ancora", which itself comes from the Greek ἄγκυρα ("ankura"). Anchors can either be temporary or permanent. Permanent anch...
[ { "surface_form": "vessel", "uri": "Watercraft", "offset": 73 }, { "surface_form": "bed", "uri": "Seabed", "offset": 87 }, { "surface_form": "wind", "uri": "Leeway", "offset": 152 }, { "surface_form": "current", "uri": "Ocean_current", "offset": 160 }, ...
en
Anbar_(town)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbar_(town)
1,359
Anbar (town). Anbar () was a town in Iraq, at lat. 33 deg. 22' N., long. 43 deg. 49' E, on the east bank of the Euphrates, just south of the Nahr 'Isa, or Sakhlawieh canal, the northernmost of the canals connecting that river with the Tigris. History. Anbar was originally called Pērōz-Šāpūr or Pērōz-Šābuhr (from, meani...
[ { "surface_form": "Iraq", "uri": "Iraq", "offset": 37 }, { "surface_form": "Euphrates", "uri": "Euphrates", "offset": 112 }, { "surface_form": "canal", "uri": "Canal", "offset": 166 }, { "surface_form": "Tigris", "uri": "Tigris", "offset": 235 }, { ...
en
Anazarbus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anazarbus
1,360
Anazarbus. Anazarbus (, medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza) was an ancient Cilician city and (arch)bishopric, which remains a Latin Catholic Titular See. Location. It was situated in Anatolia in modern Turkey, in the present Çukurova (or classical Aleian plain) about 15 km west of the main stream of the present Ceyhan...
[ { "surface_form": "Cilicia", "uri": "Cilicia", "offset": 76 }, { "surface_form": "Titular See", "uri": "Titular_See", "offset": 142 }, { "surface_form": "Anatolia", "uri": "Anatolia", "offset": 184 }, { "surface_form": "Turkey", "uri": "Turkey", "offset": ...
en
Anagram
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anagram
1,361
Anagram. A anagram is direct word switch or word play, the result of rearranging the letters of a word or phrase to produce a new word or phrase, using all the original letters exactly once; for example, the word anagram can be rearranged into nag-a-ram. Someone who creates anagrams may be called an "anagrammatist". Th...
[ { "surface_form": "mnemonic device", "uri": "Mnemonic_device", "offset": 425 }, { "surface_form": "William Shakespeare", "uri": "William_Shakespeare", "offset": 855 }, { "surface_form": "Madam Curie", "uri": "Madam_Curie", "offset": 907 }, { "surface_form": "inces...
en
Anadyr_River
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadyr_River
1,362
Anadyr River. Anadyr () is a river in the far northeast Siberia which flows into Anadyr Bay of the Bering Sea and drains much of the interior of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Its basin corresponds to the Anadyrsky District of Chukotka. Geography. The Anadyr is long and has a basin of. It is frozen from October to late May...
[ { "surface_form": "Anadyr Bay", "uri": "Anadyr_Bay", "offset": 81 }, { "surface_form": "Bering Sea", "uri": "Bering_Sea", "offset": 99 }, { "surface_form": "Chukotka Autonomous Okrug", "uri": "Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug", "offset": 145 }, { "surface_form": "Anadyrs...
en
André-Marie_Ampère
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re
1,363
André-Marie Ampère. André-Marie Ampère (;; 20 January 1775 – 10 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as "electrodynamics". The SI unit of measurement of electric current, the ampere, is named after him. Andre-M...
[ { "surface_form": "French", "uri": "French_people", "offset": 81 }, { "surface_form": "physicist", "uri": "Physicist", "offset": 88 }, { "surface_form": "mathematician", "uri": "Mathematician", "offset": 102 }, { "surface_form": "classical electromagnetism", "...
en
Ammonia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia
1,365
Ammonia. Ammonia or azane is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. It is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. Ammonia contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly...
[ { "surface_form": "compound", "uri": "Chemical_compound", "offset": 31 }, { "surface_form": "nitrogen", "uri": "Nitrogen", "offset": 43 }, { "surface_form": "hydrogen", "uri": "Hydrogen", "offset": 56 }, { "surface_form": "formula", "uri": "Chemical_formula", ...
en
Amethyst
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amethyst
1,366
Amethyst. Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz often used in jewelry. The name comes from the Ancient Greek "ἀ" "a-" ("not") and "μέθυστος" "méthystos" ("intoxicated"), a reference to the belief that the stone protected its owner from drunkenness. The ancient Greeks wore amethyst and made drinking vessels decorated w...
[ { "surface_form": "quartz", "uri": "Quartz", "offset": 42 }, { "surface_form": "jewelry", "uri": "Jewelry", "offset": 63 }, { "surface_form": "Ancient Greek", "uri": "Ancient_Greek", "offset": 96 }, { "surface_form": "drunkenness", "uri": "Alcohol_intoxication...
en
Albertosaurus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albertosaurus
1,367
Albertosaurus. "Albertosaurus" (; meaning "Alberta lizard") is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur that lived in western North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 70 million years ago. The type species, "A. sarcophagus", was apparently restricted in range to the modern-day Canadian province of Alber...
[ { "surface_form": "genus", "uri": "Genus", "offset": 65 }, { "surface_form": "tyrannosaurid", "uri": "Tyrannosaurid", "offset": 74 }, { "surface_form": "theropod", "uri": "Theropod", "offset": 88 }, { "surface_form": "dinosaur", "uri": "Dinosaur", "offset"...
en
Assembly_language
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language
1,368
Assembly language. An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language for a computer, or other programmable device, in which there is a very strong (generally one-to-one) correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code instructions. Each assembly lang...
[ { "surface_form": "low-level programming language", "uri": "Low-level_programming_language", "offset": 84 }, { "surface_form": "computer", "uri": "Computer", "offset": 121 }, { "surface_form": "one-to-one", "uri": "One-to-one_correspondence", "offset": 204 }, { "s...
en
Ambrosia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrosia
1,369
Ambrosia. In the ancient Greek myths, "ambrosia" () is sometimes the food or drink of the Greek gods, often depicted as conferring longevity or immortality upon whoever consumed it. It was brought to the gods in Olympus by doves, so it may have been thought of in the Homeric tradition as a kind of divine exhalation of ...
[ { "surface_form": "Greek myths", "uri": "Greek_mythology", "offset": 25 }, { "surface_form": "longevity", "uri": "Longevity", "offset": 131 }, { "surface_form": "immortality", "uri": "Immortality", "offset": 144 }, { "surface_form": "Olympus", "uri": "Mount_Ol...
en
Ambrose
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose
1,370
Ambrose. Aurelius Ambrosius, better known in English as Saint Ambrose (; c. 3404 April 397), was a bishop of Milan who became one of the most influential ecclesiastical figures of the 4th century. He was consular prefect of Liguria and Emilia, headquartered in Milan, before being made bishop of Milan by popular acclama...
[ { "surface_form": "bishop of Milan", "uri": "Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Milan", "offset": 99 }, { "surface_form": "consular prefect", "uri": "Consular_prefect", "offset": 204 }, { "surface_form": "Liguria", "uri": "Liguria", "offset": 224 }, { "surface_form": "...
en
Ambracia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambracia
1,371
Ambracia. Ambracia (;, occasionally, "Ampracia"), was a city of ancient Greece on the site of modern Arta. It was founded as a Corinthian colony in the 7th century BC and was situated about 7 miles from the Ambracian Gulf, on a bend of the navigable river Arachthos (or Aratthus), in the midst of a fertile wooded plain....
[ { "surface_form": "Arta", "uri": "Arta%2C_Greece", "offset": 101 }, { "surface_form": "Corinthian", "uri": "Corinth%2C_Greece", "offset": 127 }, { "surface_form": "colony", "uri": "Colonies_in_antiquity", "offset": 138 }, { "surface_form": "Ambracian Gulf", "u...
en
Amber
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amber
1,372
Amber. Amber is fossilized tree resin (not sap), which has been appreciated for its color and natural beauty since Neolithic times. Much valued from antiquity to the present as a gemstone, amber is made into a variety of decorative objects. Amber is used as an ingredient in perfumes, as a healing agent in folk medicine...
[ { "surface_form": "fossil", "uri": "Fossil", "offset": 16 }, { "surface_form": "resin", "uri": "Resin", "offset": 32 }, { "surface_form": "sap", "uri": "Sap", "offset": 43 }, { "surface_form": "Neolithic", "uri": "Neolithic", "offset": 115 }, { "su...
en
Amalaric
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amalaric
1,373
Amalaric. Amalaric (Gothic: Amalareiks), or in Spanish and Portuguese, "Amalarico", (502 – 531) was king of the Visigoths from 511 until his death in battle in 531. He was a son of king Alaric II and his first wife Theodegotha, daughter of Theoderic the Great. When Alaric II was killed fighting Clovis I, king of the Fr...
[ { "surface_form": "Gothic", "uri": "Gothic_language", "offset": 20 }, { "surface_form": "Spanish", "uri": "Spanish_language", "offset": 47 }, { "surface_form": "Portuguese", "uri": "Portuguese_language", "offset": 59 }, { "surface_form": "Visigoths", "uri": "V...
en
Alphorn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphorn
1,374
Alphorn. The alphorn or alpenhorn or alpine horn is a labrophone, consisting of a wooden natural horn of conical bore, having a wooden cup-shaped mouthpiece, used by mountain dwellers in Switzerland and elsewhere. Similar wooden horns were used for communication in most mountainous regions of Europe, from the French Al...
[ { "surface_form": "labrophone", "uri": "Brass_instrument", "offset": 54 }, { "surface_form": "natural horn", "uri": "Natural_horn", "offset": 89 }, { "surface_form": "conical bore", "uri": "Bore_(wind_instruments)", "offset": 105 }, { "surface_form": "mouthpiece",...
en
Army
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army
1,376
Army. An army (from Latin "arma" "arms, weapons" via Old French "armée", "armed" (feminine)) or ground force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the mil...
[ { "surface_form": "Latin", "uri": "Latin", "offset": 20 }, { "surface_form": "Old French", "uri": "Old_French", "offset": 53 }, { "surface_form": "military branch", "uri": "Military_branch", "offset": 204 }, { "surface_form": "nation", "uri": "Nation", "of...
en
Alligatoridae
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligatoridae
1,380
Alligatoridae. The family Alligatoridae of crocodylians includes alligators and caimans. True alligators. The lineage including alligators proper (Alligatorinae) occurs in the fluvial deposits of the age of the Upper Chalk in Europe, where they did not die out until the Pliocene age. The true alligators are today repre...
[ { "surface_form": "family", "uri": "Family_(biology)", "offset": 19 }, { "surface_form": "crocodylia", "uri": "Crocodylia", "offset": 43 }, { "surface_form": "alligator", "uri": "Alligator", "offset": 65 }, { "surface_form": "caiman", "uri": "Caiman", "off...
en
Alder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alder
1,383
Alder. Alder is the common name of a genus of flowering plants ("Alnus") belonging to the birch family Betulaceae. The genus comprises about 35 species of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well ...
[ { "surface_form": "genus", "uri": "Genus", "offset": 37 }, { "surface_form": "flowering plant", "uri": "Flowering_plant", "offset": 46 }, { "surface_form": "family", "uri": "Family_(biology)", "offset": 96 }, { "surface_form": "Betulaceae", "uri": "Betulaceae"...
en
Amos_Bronson_Alcott
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Bronson_Alcott
1,384
Amos Bronson Alcott. Amos Bronson Alcott (; November 29, 1799 – March 4, 1888) was an American teacher, writer, philosopher, and reformer. As an educator, Alcott pioneered new ways of interacting with young students, focusing on a conversational style, and avoided traditional punishment. He hoped to perfect the human s...
[ { "surface_form": "vegan", "uri": "Veganism", "offset": 356 }, { "surface_form": "abolitionist", "uri": "Abolitionism_in_the_United_States", "offset": 410 }, { "surface_form": "women's rights", "uri": "Women%27s_rights", "offset": 443 }, { "surface_form": "Connect...
en
Arachnophobia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnophobia
1,386
Arachnophobia. Arachnophobia or arachnephobia () is a specific phobia, the fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions. Signs and symptoms. People with arachnophobia tend to feel uneasy in any area they believe could harbor spiders or that has visible signs of their presence, such as webs. If arachnophobics s...
[ { "surface_form": "specific phobia", "uri": "Specific_phobia", "offset": 54 }, { "surface_form": "spider", "uri": "Spider", "offset": 83 }, { "surface_form": "arachnid", "uri": "Arachnid", "offset": 101 }, { "surface_form": "scorpion", "uri": "Scorpion", "...
en
Alabaster
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabaster
1,387
Alabaster. Alabaster is a name applied to varieties of two distinct minerals when used as a material: gypsum (a hydrous sulfate of calcium); and calcite, a carbonate of calcium, also known as onyx-marble, Egyptian alabaster, or Oriental alabaster. In geological terms, alabaster is "a stalagmitic limestone marked with p...
[ { "surface_form": "mineral", "uri": "Mineral", "offset": 68 }, { "surface_form": "gypsum", "uri": "Gypsum", "offset": 102 }, { "surface_form": "hydrous", "uri": "Water_of_crystallization", "offset": 112 }, { "surface_form": "sulfate", "uri": "Sulfur", "off...
en
Ahab
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahab
1,389
Ahab. Ahab (;;;) was the seventh king of Israel since Jeroboam I, the son and successor of Omri, and the husband of Jezebel of Sidon, according to the Hebrew Scriptures. The existence of Ahab is historically supported also outside of the biblical stories. Shalmaneser III documented 853 BC that he defeated an alliance o...
[ { "surface_form": "king", "uri": "King", "offset": 33 }, { "surface_form": "Israel", "uri": "Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)", "offset": 41 }, { "surface_form": "Jeroboam I", "uri": "Jeroboam_I", "offset": 54 }, { "surface_form": "Omri", "uri": "Omri_(King_of_Isra...
en
ASIC_(disambiguation)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASIC_(disambiguation)
1,391
ASIC (disambiguation). ASIC is an integrated circuit developed for a particular use, as opposed to a general-purpose device.
[ { "surface_form": "ASIC", "uri": "ASIC", "offset": 23 } ]
en
Dasyproctidae
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasyproctidae
1,392
Dasyproctidae. Dasyproctidae is a family of large South American rodents, comprising the agoutis and acouchis. Their fur is a reddish or dark colour above, with a paler underside. They are herbivorous, often feeding on ripe fruit that falls from trees. They live in burrows, and, like squirrels, will bury some of their ...
[ { "surface_form": "South America", "uri": "South_America", "offset": 50 }, { "surface_form": "rodent", "uri": "Rodent", "offset": 65 }, { "surface_form": "agouti", "uri": "Common_agouti", "offset": 89 }, { "surface_form": "acouchi", "uri": "Acouchi", "offs...
en
Algol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algol
1,394
Algol. Algol (Beta Per, β Persei, β Per), known colloquially as the Demon Star, is a bright star in the constellation Perseus. It is one of the best known eclipsing binaries, the first such star to be discovered, and also one of the first (non-nova) variable stars to be discovered. Algol is actually a three-star system...
[ { "surface_form": "star", "uri": "Star", "offset": 92 }, { "surface_form": "constellation", "uri": "Constellation", "offset": 104 }, { "surface_form": "Perseus", "uri": "Perseus_(constellation)", "offset": 118 }, { "surface_form": "eclipsing binaries", "uri": ...
en
Amazing_Grace
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazing_Grace
1,395
Amazing Grace. "Amazing Grace" is a Christian hymn published in 1779, with words written by the English poet and clergyman John Newton (1725–1807). Newton wrote the words from personal experience. He grew up without any particular religious conviction, but his life's path was formed by a variety of twists and coinciden...
[ { "surface_form": "Christian", "uri": "Christianity", "offset": 36 }, { "surface_form": "hymn", "uri": "Hymn", "offset": 46 }, { "surface_form": "John Newton", "uri": "John_Newton", "offset": 123 }, { "surface_form": "pressed", "uri": "Impressment", "offse...
en
AOL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AOL
1,397
AOL. AOL Inc. (originally known as America Online, stylized as Aol.) is an American global mass media corporation based in New York that develops, grows, and invests in brands and web sites such as "The Huffington Post", TechCrunch and Engadget. The company's business spans digital distribution of content, products, an...
[ { "surface_form": "global", "uri": "Multinational_Corporation", "offset": 84 }, { "surface_form": "mass media", "uri": "Mass_media", "offset": 91 }, { "surface_form": "New York", "uri": "New_York_City", "offset": 123 }, { "surface_form": "web site", "uri": "We...
en
Anno_Domini
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anno_Domini
1,400
Anno Domini. The terms ' (AD or A.D.) and before Christ (BC or B.C.) are used to label or number years in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The term ' is Medieval Latin, which means "in the year of the Lord" but is often translated as "in the year of our Lord". It is occasionally set out more fully as ' (or "Jesu") '...
[ { "surface_form": "Julian", "uri": "Julian_calendar", "offset": 110 }, { "surface_form": "Gregorian calendar", "uri": "Gregorian_calendar", "offset": 121 }, { "surface_form": "Medieval Latin", "uri": "Medieval_Latin", "offset": 156 }, { "surface_form": "Dionysius ...
en
Alcuin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcuin
1,408
Alcuin. Alcuin of York (, c. 735 – 19 May 804) — also called Ealhwine, Albinus or Flaccus — was an English scholar, ecclesiastic, poet and teacher from York, Northumbria. He was born around 735 and became the student of Archbishop Ecgbert at York. At the invitation of Charlemagne, he became a leading scholar and teache...
[ { "surface_form": "ecclesiastic", "uri": "Ecclesiology", "offset": 116 }, { "surface_form": "York", "uri": "York", "offset": 152 }, { "surface_form": "Northumbria", "uri": "Northumbria", "offset": 158 }, { "surface_form": "Archbishop Ecgbert", "uri": "Ecgbert_...
en
Angilbert
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angilbert
1,409
Angilbert. Saint Angilbert ( – 18 February 814), sometimes known as Angilberk, was a noble Frankish poet who was educated under Alcuin and served Charlemagne as a secretary, diplomat, and son-in-law. He was venerated as a pre-Congregation saint and is still honored on the day of his death, 18 February. Life. Angilbert ...
[ { "surface_form": "Frankish", "uri": "Franks", "offset": 91 }, { "surface_form": "Alcuin", "uri": "Alcuin", "offset": 128 }, { "surface_form": "Charlemagne", "uri": "Charlemagne", "offset": 146 }, { "surface_form": "pre-Congregation", "uri": "Pre-Congregation"...
en
Amine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine
1,412
Amine. In organic chemistry, amines (US: or, UK:, or) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group. (These may respectively be cal...
[ { "surface_form": "compounds", "uri": "Organic_compound", "offset": 58 }, { "surface_form": "functional group", "uri": "Functional_group", "offset": 72 }, { "surface_form": "basic", "uri": "Base_(chemistry)", "offset": 105 }, { "surface_form": "nitrogen", "uri...
en
Absolute_zero
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero
1,418
Absolute zero. Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reaches its minimum value, taken as 0. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken ...
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en
Adiabatic_process
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_process
1,419
Adiabatic process. An adiabatic process is one that occurs without transfer of heat or matter between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings. In an adiabatic process, energy is transferred only as work. The adiabatic process provides a rigorous conceptual basis for the theory used to expound the first law of therm...
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en
Amide
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amide
1,422
Amide. An amide (or or), also known as an acid amide'", is a compound with the functional group R"n"E(O)"x"NR′2 (R and R′ refer to H or organic groups). Most common are carboxamides (organic amides) ("n" = 1, E = C, "x" = 1), but many other important types of amides are known including phosphoramides ("n" = 2, E = P, "...
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en
Animism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animism
1,423
Animism. Animism (from Latin ', "breath, spirit, life") is the worldview that non-human entities—such as animals, plants, and inanimate objects—possess a spiritual essence. Animism is used in the anthropology of religion as a term for the belief system of some indigenous tribal peoples, especially prior to the developm...
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en
Antonio_Vivaldi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi
1,425
Antonio Vivaldi. Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (; 4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher and cleric. Born in Venice, he is recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe. He is known mainly for composing ...
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en
Adrian
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian
1,428
Adrian. Adrian is a form of the Latin given name "Adrianus" or "Hadrianus". Its ultimate origin is most likely via the former river Adria from the Venetic and Illyrian word "adur", meaning 'sea' or 'water'. The Adria was until the 8th century BC the main channel of the Po River into the Adriatic Sea but ceased to exist...
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en
Aare
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aare
1,433
Aare. The Aare () or Aar is a tributary of the High Rhine and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland. Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about 295 km (183 miles), during which distance it descends, draining an area of, almost entirely within Switzer...
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en
Abbotsford_House
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbotsford_House
1,435
Abbotsford House. Abbotsford is a historic country house in the Scottish Borders, at the town of Galashiels, near Melrose, on the south bank of the River Tweed. It was formerly the residence of historical novelist and poet, Sir Walter Scott. It is a Category A Listed Building. Description. The nucleus of the estate was...
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en
Abraham
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham
1,436
Abraham. Abraham (;,), originally Abram, is the first of the three patriarchs of Judaism. His story is a center piece of all Abrahamic religions and Abraham plays a prominent role as an example of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The Biblical narrative revolves around the themes of posterity and land. Abraham...
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en
Abraxas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraxas
1,437
Abraxas. Abraxas (Gk. ΑΒΡΑΞΑΣ, variant form Abrasax, ΑΒΡΑΣΑΞ) was a word of mystic meaning in the system of the Gnostic Basilides, being there applied to the "Great Archon" (Gk., "megas archōn"), the princeps of the 365 spheres (Gk., "ouranoi"). The word is found in Gnostic texts such as the "Holy Book of the Great Inv...
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en
Absalom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absalom
1,438
Absalom. according to the Hebrew Bible was the third son of David, King of Israel with Maachah, daughter of Talmai, King of Geshur. describes him as the most handsome man in the kingdom. Absalom eventually rebelled against his father and was killed during the Battle of Ephraim Wood. Background. Absalom, David's third s...
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en
Abydos,_Egypt
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos%2C_Egypt
1,440
Abydos, Egypt. Abydos is one of the oldest cities of ancient Egypt, and also of the eighth nome in Upper Egypt, of which it was the capital city. It is located about west of the Nile at latitude 26° 10' N, near the modern Egyptian towns of el-'Araba el Madfuna and al-Balyana. In the ancient Egyptian language, the city ...
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en
Abydos_(Hellespont)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abydos_(Hellespont)
1,441
Abydos (Hellespont). Abydos () or Abydus, an ancient city of Troad (Troas), in Asia Minor, situated at Nara Burnu or Nagara Point on the best harbor on the Asiatic shore of the Hellespont. Across Abydos lies Sestus on the European side, marking one of the narrowest points of the Dardanelles, slightly more than a nautic...
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en
Acacia_sensu_lato
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_sensu_lato
1,445
Acacia sensu lato. "Acacia s.l." (or), known commonly as mimosa, acacia, thorntree or wattle, is a polyphyletic genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae. It was described by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1773 based on the African species "Acacia nilotica". Many non...
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en
Acapulco
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acapulco
1,446
Acapulco. Acapulco de Juárez (), commonly called Acapulco, is a city, municipality and major seaport in the state of Guerrero on the Pacific coast of Mexico, south from Mexico City. Acapulco is located on a deep, semicircular bay and has been a port since the early colonial period of Mexico's history. It is a port of c...
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en
Alan_Kay
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Kay
1,449
Alan Kay. Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940) is an American computer scientist. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Royal Society of Arts. He is best known for his pioneering work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical ...
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en
APL_(programming_language)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_(programming_language)
1,451
APL (programming language). APL (named after the book "A Programming Language") is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its central datatype is the multidimensional array. It uses a large range of special graphic symbols to represent most functions and operators, leading to very concise ...
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en
ALGOL
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL
1,453
ALGOL. ALGOL (short for Algorithmic Language) is a family of imperative computer programming languages, originally developed in the mid-1950s, which greatly influenced many other languages and was the standard method for algorithm description used by the ACM in textbooks and academic sources for more than thirty years....
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en
AWK
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWK
1,456
AWK. AWK is an interpreted programming language designed for text processing and typically used as a data extraction and reporting tool. It is a standard feature of most Unix-like operating systems. The AWK language is a data-driven scripting language consisting of a set of actions to be taken against streams of textua...
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en