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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#100 | ism and inclusionism).[175][176] Wikipedia contains materials that some people may find objectionable, offensive, or pornographic.[W 58] The "Wikipedia is not censored" policy has sometimes proved controversial: in 2008, Wikipedia rejected an online petition against the inclusion of images of Muhammad in the English ed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#101 | aterials in Wikipedia has led to the censorship of Wikipedia by national authorities in China[178] and Pakistan,[179] among other countries.[180][181][182]
Through its "Wikipedia Loves Libraries" program, Wikipedia has partnered with major public libraries such as the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#102 | nesota indicated that male and female editors focus on different coverage topics. There was a greater concentration of females in the "people and arts" category, while males focus more on "geography and science".[184]
Coverage of topics and bias
Research conducted by Mark Graham of the Oxford Internet Institute in 2009... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#103 | s 30 language editions of Wikipedia, historical articles and sections are generally Eurocentric and focused on recent events.[186]
An editorial in The Guardian in 2014 claimed that more effort went into providing references for a list of female porn actors than a list of women writers.[187] Data has also shown that Afr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#104 | 20]
Systemic biases
Academic studies of Wikipedia have consistently shown that Wikipedia systematically over-represents a point of view (POV) belonging to a particular demographic described as the "average Wikipedian", who is an educated, technically inclined, English-speaking white male, aged 15–49, from a developed C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#105 | ting POVs.[189][190] This systemic bias in editor demographic results in cultural bias, gender bias, and geographical bias on Wikipedia.[191][192] There are two broad types of bias, which are implicit (when a topic is omitted) and explicit (when a certain POV is over-represented in an article or by references).[189]
In... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#106 | nformation, they are also typically incomplete and fail to present all perspectives with a neutral point of view.[191] In 2011, Wales claimed that the unevenness of coverage is a reflection of the demography of the editors, citing for example "biographies of famous women through history and issues surrounding early chi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#107 | e effect of systemic bias and policy creep on the downward trend in the number of editors.[33]
Explicit content
Wikipedia has been criticized for allowing information about graphic content.[193] Articles depicting what some critics have called objectionable content (such as feces, cadaver, human penis, vulva, and nudit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#108 | 59] The site also includes sexual content such as images and videos of masturbation and ejaculation, illustrations of zoophilia, and photos from hardcore pornographic films in its articles. It also has non-sexual photographs of nude children.[W 60]
The Wikipedia article about Virgin Killer—a 1976 album from the German ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#109 | se cover caused controversy and was replaced in some countries. In December 2008, access to the Wikipedia article Virgin Killer was blocked for four days by most Internet service providers in the United Kingdom after the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) decided the album cover was a potentially illegal indecent image an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#110 | etter to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, outlining his concerns that two categories of images on Wikimedia Commons contained child pornography, and were in violation of US federal obscenity law.[195][196] Sanger later clarified that the images, which were related to pedophilia and one about lolicon, were not of re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#111 | t of 2003.[197] That law bans photographic child pornography and cartoon images and drawings of children that are obscene under American law.[197] Sanger also expressed concerns about access to the images on Wikipedia in schools.[198]
Wikimedia Foundation spokesman Jay Walsh strongly rejected Sanger's accusation,[199] ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#112 | aint by Sanger, Wales deleted sexual images without consulting the community. After some editors who volunteered to maintain the site argued that the decision to delete had been made hastily, Wales voluntarily gave up some of the powers he had held up to that time as part of his co-founder status. He wrote in a message... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#113 | ilosophical/content issues, rather than be about me and how quickly I acted".[200] Critics, including Wikipediocracy, noticed that many of the pornographic images deleted from Wikipedia since 2010 have reappeared.[201]
Privacy
One privacy concern in the case of Wikipedia regards one's right to remain a private citizen ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#114 | right to be anonymous in real life. The Wikimedia Foundation's privacy policy states, "we believe that you shouldn't have to provide personal information to participate in the free knowledge movement", and states that "personal information" may be shared "For legal reasons", "To Protect You, Ourselves & Others", or "To... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#115 | stated the full name of Boris Floricic, aka "Tron", a deceased hacker. On February 9, 2006, the injunction against Wikimedia Deutschland was overturned, with the court rejecting the notion that Tron's right to privacy or that of his parents was being violated.[203]
Wikipedia has a "Volunteer Response Team" that uses Zn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#116 | parties. This is used, for example, in confirming the permission for using individual images and other media in the project.[W 63]
In late April 2023, Wikimedia Foundation announced that Wikipedia will not submit to any age verifications that may be required by the UK's Online Safety Bill legislation. Rebecca MacKinnon... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#117 | s contributors and readers.[204]
Sexism
Wikipedia was described in 2015 as harboring a battleground culture of sexism and harassment.[205][206] The perceived tolerance of abusive language was a reason put forth in 2013 for the gender gap in Wikipedia editorship.[207] Edit-a-thons have been held to encourage female edit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#118 | ickland due to lack of coverage in the media.[W 64][209] Five months later, Strickland won a Nobel Prize in Physics "for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics", becoming the third woman to ever receive the award.[209][210] Prior to winning the award, Strickland's only mention on Wikipedia was in the a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#119 | xism, but Corinne Purtill writing for Quartz argued that "it's also a pointed lesson in the hazards of gender bias in media, and of the broader consequences of underrepresentation."[211] Purtill attributes the issue to the gender bias in media coverage.[211]
A comprehensive 2008 survey, published in 2016, by Julia B. B... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#120 | fferences in confidence in expertise, discomfort with editing, and response to critical feedback. "Women reported less confidence in their expertise, expressed greater discomfort with editing (which typically involves conflict), and reported more negative responses to critical feedback compared to men."[212]
Operation
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#121 | which also operates Wikipedia-related projects such as Wiktionary and Wikibooks.[W 65] The foundation relies on public contributions and grants to fund its mission.[213][W 66] The foundation's 2020 Internal Revenue Service Form 990 shows revenue of $124.6 million and expenses of almost $112.2 million, with assets of ab... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#122 | nd executive director, taking over for Sue Gardner.[W 68] The Wall Street Journal reported on May 1, 2014, that Tretikov's information technology background, from her years at University of California offers Wikipedia an opportunity to develop in more concentrated directions guided by her often repeated position statem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#123 | evelopment according to an interview with spokesman Jay Walsh of Wikimedia, who "said Tretikov would address that issue (paid advocacy) as a priority. 'We are really pushing toward more transparency ... We are reinforcing that paid advocacy is not welcome.' Initiatives to involve greater diversity of contributors, bett... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#124 | nd third world are also priorities", Walsh said.[214]
Following the departure of Tretikov from Wikipedia due to issues concerning the use of the "superprotection" feature which some language versions of Wikipedia have adopted,[W 69] Katherine Maher became the third executive director of the Wikimedia Foundation in June... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#125 | the Wikipedia board in December. She said to Bloomberg Businessweek regarding the harassment issue that: "It establishes a sense within the community that this is a priority ... [and that correction requires that] it has to be more than words."[119]
Maher served as executive director until April 2021.[216] Maryana Iska... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#126 | uld be increasing diversity in the Wikimedia community.[217]
Wikipedia is also supported by many organizations and groups that are affiliated with the Wikimedia Foundation but independently-run, called Wikimedia movement affiliates. These include Wikimedia chapters (which are national or sub-national organizations, suc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#127 | ity), and user groups. These affiliates participate in the promotion, development, and funding of Wikipedia.[W 71]
Software operations and support
The operation of Wikipedia depends on MediaWiki, a custom-made, free and open source wiki software platform written in PHP and built upon the MySQL database system.[W 72] Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#128 | irection.[W 73] MediaWiki is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) and it is used by all Wikimedia projects, as well as many other wiki projects.[W 72][W 74] Originally, Wikipedia ran on UseModWiki written in Perl by Clifford Adams (Phase I), which initially required CamelCase for article hyperlinks; the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#129 | iki engine with a MySQL database; this software was custom-made for Wikipedia by Magnus Manske. The Phase II software was repeatedly modified to accommodate the exponentially increasing demand. In July 2002 (Phase III), Wikipedia shifted to the third-generation software, MediaWiki, originally written by Lee Daniel Croc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#130 | ne extension[W 77][W 78] was added to MediaWiki's built-in search and Wikipedia switched from MySQL to Lucene for searching. Lucene was later replaced by CirrusSearch which is based on Elasticsearch.[W 79] In July 2013, after extensive beta testing, a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) extension, VisualEditor, was ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#131 | feature was changed from opt-out to opt-in afterward.[W 80]
Automated editing
Computer programs called bots have often been used to perform simple and repetitive tasks, such as correcting common misspellings and stylistic issues, or to start articles such as geography entries in a standard format from statistical data.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#132 | eate up to 10,000 articles on the Swedish Wikipedia on certain days.[224] Additionally, there are bots designed to automatically notify editors when they make common editing errors (such as unmatched quotes or unmatched parentheses).[W 82] Edits falsely identified by bots as the work of a banned editor can be restored ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#133 | om particular accounts or IP address ranges, as occurred at the time of the shooting down of the MH17 jet in July 2014 when it was reported that edits were made via IPs controlled by the Russian government.[225] Bots on Wikipedia must be approved before activation.[W 83] According to Andrew Lih, the current expansion o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#134 | ort
As of 2021,[update] page requests are first passed to a front-end layer of Varnish caching servers and back-end layer caching is done by Apache Traffic Server.[W 84] Requests that cannot be served from the Varnish cache are sent to load-balancing servers running the Linux Virtual Server software, which in turn pass... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#135 | forming page rendering for all the language editions of Wikipedia. To increase speed further, rendered pages are cached in a distributed memory cache until invalidated, allowing page rendering to be skipped entirely for most common page accesses.[227]
Wikipedia currently runs on dedicated clusters of Linux servers runn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#136 | in Ashburn, Virginia.[W 86][228] In 2017, Wikipedia installed a caching cluster in an Equinix facility in Singapore, the first of its kind in Asia.[W 87] In 2022, a caching data center was opened in Marseille, France.[W 88] In 2024, a caching data center was opened in São Paulo, the first of its kind in South America.[... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#137 | W 25][W 90]
Internal research and operational development
Following growing amounts of incoming donations in 2013 exceeding seven digits,[33] the Foundation has reached a threshold of assets which qualify its consideration under the principles of industrial organization economics to indicate the need for the re-investm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#138 | elopment have been the creation of a Visual Editor and the "Thank" tab in the edit history, which were developed to improve issues of editor attrition.[33][221] The estimates for reinvestment by industrial organizations into internal research and development was studied by Adam Jaffe, who recorded that the range of 4% ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#139 | 30] At the 2013 level of contributions for Wikimedia presently documented as 45 million dollars,[W 91] the computed budget level recommended by Jaffe for reinvestment into internal research and development is between 1.8 million and 11.3 million dollars annually.[230] In 2019, the level of contributions were reported b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#140 | o between $3.08 million and $19.2 million annually.[230]
Internal news publications
Multiple Wikimedia projects have internal news publications. Wikimedia's online newspaper The Signpost was founded in 2005 by Michael Snow, a Wikipedia administrator who would join the Wikimedia Foundation's board of trustees in 2008.[2... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#141 | cts.[W 93]
The Wikipedia Library
The Wikipedia Library is a resource for Wikipedia editors which provides free access to a wide range of digital publications, so that they can consult and cite these while editing the encyclopedia.[233][234] Over 60 publishers have partnered with The Wikipedia Library to provide access ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#142 | tors, we hope to further the research community's resources – creating and updating Wikipedia entries on civil engineering which are read by thousands of monthly readers."[235]
Access to content
Content licensing
When the project was started in 2001, all text in Wikipedia was covered by the GNU Free Documentation Licen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#143 | hors retain copyright of their work.[W 24] The GFDL was created for software manuals that come with free software programs licensed under the GPL. This made it a poor choice for a general reference work: for example, the GFDL requires the reprints of materials from Wikipedia to come with a full copy of the GFDL text.[2... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#144 | ust for software manuals. The Wikipedia project sought the switch to the Creative Commons.[W 94] Because the GFDL and Creative Commons were incompatible, in November 2008, following the request of the project, the Free Software Foundation (FSF) released a new version of the GFDL designed specifically to allow Wikipedia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#145 | ide referendum which decided the switch in June 2009.[W 96][W 97][W 98][W 99]
The handling of media files (e.g. image files) varies across language editions. Some language editions, such as the English Wikipedia, include non-free image files under fair use doctrine,[W 100] while the others have opted not to, in part be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#146 | ent licenses (e.g. Creative Commons' CC BY-SA) are shared across language editions via Wikimedia Commons repository, a project operated by the Wikimedia Foundation.[W 101] Wikipedia's accommodation of varying international copyright laws regarding images has led some to observe that its photographic coverage of topics ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#147 | elated projects but merely a hosting service for contributors to and licensors of Wikipedia, a position which was successfully defended in 2004 in a court in France.[238][239]
Methods of access
Because Wikipedia content is distributed under an open license, anyone can reuse or re-distribute it at no charge.[W 102] The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#148 | r sites" exist that republish content from Wikipedia; two prominent ones that also include content from other reference sources are Reference.com and Answers.com.[240][241] Another example is Wapedia, which began to display Wikipedia content in a mobile-device-friendly format before Wikipedia itself did.[W 103] Some we... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#149 | logy gained from Powerset)[242] and DuckDuckGo.
Collections of Wikipedia articles have been published on optical discs. An English version released in 2006 contained about 2,000 articles.[W 104] The Polish-language version from 2006 contains nearly 240,000 articles,[W 105] the German-language version from 2007/2008 con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#150 | kipedia for Schools", the Wikipedia series of CDs / DVDs produced by Wikipedia and SOS Children, is a free selection from Wikipedia designed for education towards children eight to seventeen.[W 108]
There have been efforts to put a select subset of Wikipedia's articles into printed book form.[243][W 109] Since 2009, te... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#151 | d by the American company Books LLC and by three Mauritian subsidiaries of the German publisher VDM.[244]
The website DBpedia, begun in 2007, extracts data from the infoboxes and category declarations of the English-language Wikipedia.[245] Wikimedia has created the Wikidata project with a similar objective of storing ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#152 | format, RDF.[W 110] As of February 2023,[update] it has over 101 million items.[W 111] WikiReader is a dedicated reader device that contains an offline copy of Wikipedia, which was launched by OpenMoko and first released in 2009.[W 112]
Obtaining the full contents of Wikipedia for reuse presents challenges, since direc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#153 | 3,[update] there is no dump available of Wikipedia's images.[W 114] Wikimedia Enterprise is a for-profit solution to this.[246]
Several languages of Wikipedia also maintain a reference desk, where volunteers answer questions from the general public. According to a study by Pnina Shachaf in the Journal of Documentation,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#154 | 47]
Mobile access
Wikipedia's original medium was for users to read and edit content using any standard web browser through a fixed Internet connection. Although Wikipedia content has been accessible through the mobile web since July 2013, The New York Times on February 9, 2014, quoted Erik Möller, deputy director of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#155 | se for concern and worry. The article in The New York Times reported the comparison statistics for mobile edits stating that, "Only 20 percent of the readership of the English-language Wikipedia comes via mobile devices, a figure substantially lower than the percentage of mobile traffic for other media sites, many of w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#156 | as assigned "a team of 10 software developers focused on mobile", out of a total of approximately 200 employees working at the Wikimedia Foundation. One principal concern cited by The New York Times for the "worry" is for Wikipedia to effectively address attrition issues with the number of editors which the online ency... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#157 | ad grown to over 700 employees.[2]
Access to Wikipedia from mobile phones was possible as early as 2004, through the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), via the Wapedia service.[W 103] In June 2007, Wikipedia launched en.mobile.wikipedia.org, an official website for wireless devices. In 2009, a newer mobile service wa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#158 | ed devices, or WebOS-based devices.[W 115] Several other methods of mobile access to Wikipedia have emerged since. Many devices and applications optimize or enhance the display of Wikipedia content for mobile devices, while some also incorporate additional features such as use of Wikipedia metadata like geoinformation.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#159 | oring over four of a possible five in a poll of approximately 200,000 users downloading from Google.[W 116][W 117] The version for iOS was released on April 3, 2013, to similar reviews.[W 118] Wikipedia Zero was an initiative of the Wikimedia Foundation to expand the reach of the encyclopedia to the developing countrie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#160 | ipation from mobile operators.[W 119]
Andrew Lih and Andrew Brown both maintain editing Wikipedia with smartphones is difficult and this discourages new potential contributors.[251][252] Lih states that the number of Wikipedia editors has been declining after several years,[251] and Tom Simonite of MIT Technology Revie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#161 | nd guidelines to dominate others and those editors have a vested interest in keeping the status quo.[33] Lih alleges there is a serious disagreement among existing contributors on how to resolve this. Lih fears for Wikipedia's long-term future while Brown fears problems with Wikipedia will remain and rival encyclopedia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#162 | ] This was done after Wikipedia started to use HTTPS encryption, which made selective censorship more difficult.[255]
Cultural influence
Trusted source to combat fake news
In 2017–18, after a barrage of false news reports, both Facebook and YouTube announced they would rely on Wikipedia to help their users evaluate rep... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#163 | he record straight builds on the thinking of another fact-challenged platform, the Facebook social network, which announced last year that Wikipedia would help its users root out 'fake news'."[257][258]
Readership
In February 2014, The New York Times reported that Wikipedia was ranked fifth globally among all websites,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#164 | crosoft and Google, the largest with 1.2 billion unique visitors."[40] However, its ranking dropped to 13th globally by June 2020 due mostly to a rise in popularity of Chinese websites for online shopping.[53] The website has since recovered its ranking as of April 2022.[53]
In addition to logistic growth in the number... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#165 | number of readers of Wikipedia worldwide reached 365 million at the end of 2009.[W 121] The Pew Internet and American Life project found that one third of US Internet users consulted Wikipedia.[260] In 2011, Business Insider gave Wikipedia a valuation of $4 billion if it ran advertisements.[261]
According to "Wikipedia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#166 | ia readers visit the site more than five times a month, and a similar number of readers specifically look for Wikipedia in search engine results. About 47 percent of Wikipedia readers do not realize that Wikipedia is a non-profit organization.[W 122] As of February 2023,[update] Wikipedia attracts around 2 billion uniq... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#167 | 19 pandemic, Wikipedia's coverage of the pandemic and fight against misinformation received international media attention, and brought an increase in Wikipedia readership overall.[262][263][264][265] Noam Cohen wrote in Wired that Wikipedia's effort to combat misinformation related to the pandemic was different from ot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#168 | dia will remain the last best place on the Internet."[263] In October 2020, the World Health Organization announced they were freely licensing its infographics and other materials on Wikimedia projects.[266] There were nearly 7,000 COVID-19 related Wikipedia articles across 188 different Wikipedias, as of November 2021... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#169 | t cases.[W 123][269][270] The Parliament of Canada's website refers to Wikipedia's article on same-sex marriage in the "related links" section of its "further reading" list for the Civil Marriage Act.[271] The encyclopedia's assertions are increasingly used as a source by organizations such as the US federal courts and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#170 | case.[273] Content appearing on Wikipedia has also been cited as a source and referenced in some US intelligence agency reports.[274] In December 2008, the scientific journal RNA Biology launched a new section for descriptions of families of RNA molecules and requires authors who contribute to the section to also submi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#171 | ][277] often without attribution, and several reporters have been dismissed for plagiarizing from Wikipedia.[278][279][280][281]
In 2006, Time magazine recognized Wikipedia's participation (along with YouTube, Reddit, MySpace, and Facebook) in the rapid growth of online collaboration and interaction by millions of peop... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#172 | tion campaign, saying: "Type a candidate's name into Google, and among the first results is a Wikipedia page, making those entries arguably as important as any ad in defining a candidate. Already, the presidential entries are being edited, dissected and debated countless times each day."[283] An October 2007 Reuters ar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#173 | es one's notability.[284]
One of the first times Wikipedia was involved in a governmental affair was on September 28, 2007, when Italian politician Franco Grillini raised a parliamentary question with the minister of cultural resources and activities about the necessity of freedom of panorama. He said that the lack of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#174 | claimed this was hugely damaging to tourist revenues.[285]
A working group led by Peter Stone (formed as a part of the Stanford-based project One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence) in its report called Wikipedia "the best-known example of crowdsourcing ... that far exceeds traditionally-compiled information... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#175 | hshan describes Wikipedia as "one of the last remaining pillars of the open and decentralized web" and contrasted its existence as a text-based source of knowledge with social media and social networking services, the latter having "since colonized the web for television's values". For Derakhshan, Wikipedia's goal as a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#176 | endangered" due to the "gradual shift from a typographic culture to a photographic one, which in turn mean[s] a shift from rationality to emotions, exposition to entertainment". Rather than "sapere aude" (lit. 'dare to know'), social networks have led to a culture of "dare not to care to know". This is while Wikipedia ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#177 | nsequently, the challenge for Wikipedia and those who use it is to "save Wikipedia and its promise of a free and open collection of all human knowledge amid the conquest of new and old television—how to collect and preserve knowledge when nobody cares to know."[288]
Awards
Wikipedia has won many awards, receiving its f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#178 | ontest; this came with a €10,000 (£6,588; $12,700) grant and an invitation to present at the PAE Cyberarts Festival in Austria later that year. The second was a Judges' Webby Award for the "community" category.[289]
In 2007, readers of brandchannel.com voted Wikipedia as the fourth-highest brand ranking, receiving 15 p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#179 | kipedia received Quadriga A Mission of Enlightenment award of Werkstatt Deutschland along with Boris Tadić, Eckart Höfling, and Peter Gabriel. The award was presented to Wales by David Weinberger.[291]
In 2015, Wikipedia was awarded both the annual Erasmus Prize, which recognizes exceptional contributions to culture, s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#180 | rian Parliament in Oviedo, the city that hosts the awards ceremony, Jimmy Wales praised the work of the Asturian Wikipedia users.[294]
Satire
Comedian Stephen Colbert has parodied or referenced Wikipedia on numerous episodes of his show The Colbert Report and coined the related term wikiality, meaning "together we can ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#181 | 50 Years of American Independence", a July 2006 front-page article in The Onion,[295] as well as the 2010 The Onion article "'L.A. Law' Wikipedia Page Viewed 874 Times Today".[296]
In an April 2007 episode of the American television comedy The Office, office manager (Michael Scott) is shown relying on a hypothetical Wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#182 | e show tried to add the episode's mention of the page as a section of the actual Wikipedia article on negotiation, but this effort was prevented by other users on the article's talk page.[298]
"My Number One Doctor", a 2007 episode of the television show Scrubs, played on the perception that Wikipedia is an unreliable ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#183 | iet reverses the effects of bone cancer by retorting that the same editor who wrote that article also wrote the Battlestar Galactica episode guide.[299]
In 2008, the comedy website CollegeHumor produced a video sketch named "Professor Wikipedia", in which the fictitious Professor Wikipedia instructs a class with a medl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#184 | ing an improbable claim by saying "Give me ten minutes and then check Wikipedia."[301] In July 2009, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a comedy series called Bigipedia, which was set on a website which was a parody of Wikipedia.[302] Some of the sketches were directly inspired by Wikipedia and its articles.[303]
On August 23, 2013... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#185 | going to start on your Wikipedia page?"[304] The cartoon referred to Chelsea Elizabeth Manning (born Bradley Edward Manning), an American activist, politician, and former United States Army soldier who had recently come out as a trans woman.[305]
In June 2024, nature.com published a fictional Wikipedia Talk page under ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#186 | ntended consequences of the release of a plastic-eating fungus to clean up an oil spill. The article contained Talk page topics found on Wikipedia, like discussions of changes in the articles priority level.[306]
Sister projects – Wikimedia
Wikipedia has spawned several sister projects, which are also wikis run by the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#187 | kiquote, a collection of quotations created a week after Wikimedia launched,[307] Wikibooks, a collection of collaboratively written free textbooks and annotated texts,[W 126] Wikimedia Commons, a site devoted to free-knowledge multimedia,[W 127] Wikinews, for collaborative journalism,[W 128] and Wikiversity, a project... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#188 | ipedia, Wikispecies, is a catalog of all species, but is not open for public editing.[308] In 2012, Wikivoyage, an editable travel guide,[309] and Wikidata, an editable knowledge base, launched.[W 130]
Publishing
The most obvious economic effect of Wikipedia has been the death of commercial encyclopedias, especially pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#189 | Nicholas Carr's 2005 essay "The amorality of Web 2.0" criticizes websites with user-generated content (like Wikipedia) for possibly leading to professional (and, in his view, superior) content producers' going out of business, because "free trumps quality all the time". Carr wrote, "Implicit in the ecstatic visions of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#190 | kipedia, or similar efforts, will entirely displace traditional publications. Chris Anderson, the former editor-in-chief of Wired, wrote in Nature that the "wisdom of crowds" approach of Wikipedia will not displace top scientific journals with rigorous peer review processes.[314]
Wikipedia's influence on the biography ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#191 | were dropping "far more sharply".[315] Kathryn Hughes, professor of life writing at the University of East Anglia and author of two biographies wrote, "The worry is that, if you can get all that information from Wikipedia, what's left for biography?"[315]
Research use
Wikipedia has been widely used as a corpus for ling... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#192 | commonly serves as a target knowledge base for the entity linking problem, which is then called "wikification",[318] and to the related problem of word-sense disambiguation.[319] Methods similar to wikification can in turn be used to find "missing" links in Wikipedia.[320]
In 2015, French researchers José Lages of the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#193 | y ranking based on Wikipedia scholarly citations.[321][322][323] They used PageRank, CheiRank and similar algorithms "followed by the number of appearances in the 24 different language editions of Wikipedia (descending order) and the century in which they were founded (ascending order)".[323][324] The study was updated... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#194 | resorted to Wikipedia "at least a dozen times a day", and had never yet caught it out. He described it as "a work of reference as useful as any in existence", with so wide a range that it is almost impossible to find a person, place, or thing that it has left uncovered and that he could never have written his last two ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#195 | dies related to Wikipedia have been using machine learning and artificial intelligence[287] to support various operations. One of the most important areas is the automatic detection of vandalism[328][329] and data quality assessment in Wikipedia.[330][331]
In February 2022, civil servants from the UK's Housing, Communi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#196 | parts of the document had been lifted directly from Wikipedia articles on Constantinople and the list of largest cities throughout history.[332]
Related projects
Several interactive multimedia encyclopedias incorporating entries written by the public existed long before Wikipedia was founded. The first of these was the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#197 | utors in the UK, and covered the geography, art, and culture of the UK. This was the first interactive multimedia encyclopedia (and was also the first major multimedia document connected through internal links), with the majority of articles being accessible through an interactive map of the UK. The user interface and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#198 | opedias were created around the same period as Wikipedia (e.g. Everything2),[334] with many later being merged into the project (e.g. GNE).[W 131] One of the most successful early online encyclopedias incorporating entries by the public was h2g2, which was created by Douglas Adams in 1999. The h2g2 encyclopedia is rela... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia#199 | ave drawn inspiration from Wikipedia. Others use more traditional peer review, such as Encyclopedia of Life and the online wiki encyclopedias Scholarpedia and Citizendium.[336][337] The latter was started by Sanger in an attempt to create a reliable alternative to Wikipedia.[338][339]
See also
- Democratization of know... |
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