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29,166 | # Galgo Español
The **Galgo Español**, or **Spanish Greyhound**, is an ancient breed of dog, specifically a member of the sighthound family. The English greyhound is possibly a descendant of the Spanish greyhound and, for several years in the 20th century, some breeders did cross-breed Galgos and Greyhounds in order t... | 432 | Galgo Español | 0 |
29,166 | # Galgo Español
## History
The Spanish greyhound is thought by some popular writers to have descended from Egyptian dogs brought to the Iberian Peninsula by the Phoenicians nearly 3,000 years ago. However the existence of the Celtic *vertragus* in Roman Iberia 2,000 years ago, as described by Arrian and Martial, sugg... | 1,284 | Galgo Español | 1 |
29,166 | # Galgo Español
## Roles
### Hunting use {#hunting_use}
The Galgo is used for hunting, as well as for coursing the hare in an open field where dogs hunt prey without human intervention during the chase. Coursing, was in the past an act of social prestige in which hunting was a pretext to prove who had the best speci... | 702 | Galgo Español | 2 |
29,166 | # Galgo Español
## Animal cruelty concerns {#animal_cruelty_concerns}
There are many reports of Galgos being treated cruelly by their hunters and breeders in Spain. An estimated 50,000 to 100,000 Galgos and Podencos are killed, often brutally, each year by their hunters, also known as *galgueros*. Methods of killing ... | 251 | Galgo Español | 3 |
29,167 | # Stephen Bachiler
**Stephen Bachiler** (About 1561 -- 28 October 1656) was an English clergyman who was an early proponent of the separation of church and state in the American Colonies. He was also among the first settlers of Hampton, New Hampshire.
## Early life {#early_life}
Bachiler was born about 1560 or 1561;... | 798 | Stephen Bachiler | 0 |
29,167 | # Stephen Bachiler
## Emigration to England and death {#emigration_to_england_and_death}
thumb\|right\|upright=.75\|All Hallows Staining, England Denied a divorce by the Massachusetts Court, Bachiler finally returned to England about 1653. His children who had stayed in England were well off and able to take care of ... | 182 | Stephen Bachiler | 1 |
29,185 | # GAM-87 Skybolt
The Douglas **GAM-87 Skybolt** (**AGM-48** under the 1963 Tri-service system) was an air-launched ballistic missile (ALBM) developed by the United States during the late 1950s. The basic concept was to allow US strategic bombers to launch their weapons from well outside the range of Soviet defenses, a... | 302 | GAM-87 Skybolt | 0 |
29,185 | # GAM-87 Skybolt
## History
### Background
The US Air Force had built up an enormous fleet of strategic bombers during the 1950s, only to see them threatened by the possibility of a surprise attack by Soviet ICBMs. As the US bombers were located at only a small number of air bases, a relatively small fleet of missil... | 529 | GAM-87 Skybolt | 1 |
29,185 | # GAM-87 Skybolt
## History
### British involvement {#british_involvement}
At the same time, the Royal Air Force (RAF) was having problems with their MRBM missile project, the Blue Streak, which was long overdue. Even if this was successful it faced the serious problem of basing. No fixed land-based missile system co... | 758 | GAM-87 Skybolt | 2 |
29,185 | # GAM-87 Skybolt
## History
### Cancellation
By this point, the value of the Skybolt system in the US had been seriously eroded. The Polaris had recently gone into service, with overall capabilities similar to Skybolt, but with \"loiter\" times on the order of months instead of hours. The US Air Force was well into t... | 486 | GAM-87 Skybolt | 3 |
29,198 | # Samba (software)
**Samba** is a free software re-implementation of the SMB networking protocol, and was originally developed by Andrew Tridgell. Samba provides file and print services for various Microsoft Windows clients and can integrate with a Microsoft Windows Server domain, either as a Domain Controller (DC) or... | 854 | Samba (software) | 0 |
29,198 | # Samba (software)
## Features
Samba allows file and print sharing between computers running Microsoft Windows and computers running Unix. It is an implementation of dozens of services and a dozen protocols, including:
- NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NBT)
- SMB (known as CIFS in some versions)
- Samba supports POSI... | 743 | Samba (software) | 1 |
29,199 | # Simple DirectMedia Layer
**Simple DirectMedia Layer** (**SDL**) is a cross-platform software development library designed to provide a hardware abstraction layer for computer multimedia hardware components. Software developers can use it to write high-performance computer games and other multimedia applications that... | 347 | Simple DirectMedia Layer | 0 |
29,199 | # Simple DirectMedia Layer
## History
Sam Lantinga created the library, first releasing it in early 1998, while working for Loki Software. He got the idea while porting a Windows application to Macintosh. He then used SDL to port *Doom* to BeOS (see Doom source ports). Around the time of its creation, SDL was regarde... | 288 | Simple DirectMedia Layer | 1 |
29,199 | # Simple DirectMedia Layer
## Software architecture {#software_architecture}
SDL is a wrapper around the operating-system-specific functions that the game needs to access. The only purpose of SDL is to provide a common framework for accessing these functions for multiple operating systems (cross-platform). SDL provid... | 437 | Simple DirectMedia Layer | 2 |
29,199 | # Simple DirectMedia Layer
## Software architecture {#software_architecture}
### Supported back-ends {#supported_back_ends}
Because of the way SDL is designed, much of its source code is split into separate modules for each operating system, to make calls to the underlying system. When SDL is compiled, the appropriat... | 452 | Simple DirectMedia Layer | 3 |
29,215 | # SOAP
**SOAP**, originally an acronym for Simple Object Access Protocol, is a messaging protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. It uses XML Information Set for its message format, and relies on application layer protocols, most often Hyp... | 537 | SOAP | 0 |
29,215 | # SOAP
## SOAP terminology {#soap_terminology}
SOAP specification can be broadly defined to be consisting of the following three conceptual components: protocol concepts, encapsulation concepts and network concepts.
### Protocol concepts {#protocol_concepts}
SOAP: This is a set of rules formalizing and governing th... | 620 | SOAP | 1 |
29,215 | # SOAP
## Specification
The SOAP specification defines the messaging framework, which consists of:
- The *SOAP processing model*, defining the rules for processing a SOAP message
- The *SOAP extensibility model* defining the concepts of SOAP features and SOAP modules
- The *SOAP underlying protocol binding* fr... | 605 | SOAP | 2 |
29,215 | # SOAP
## Technical critique {#technical_critique}
### Advantages
- SOAP\'s neutrality characteristic explicitly makes it suitable for use with any transport protocol. Implementations often use HTTP as a transport protocol, but other popular transport protocols can be used. For example, SOAP can also be used over ... | 255 | SOAP | 3 |
29,222 | # Sam Loyd
**Samuel Loyd** (January 30, 1841 -- April 10, 1911) was an American chess player, chess composer, puzzle author, and recreational mathematician. Loyd was born in Philadelphia but raised in New York City.
As a chess composer, he authored a number of chess problems, often with interesting themes. At his pea... | 472 | Sam Loyd | 0 |
29,222 | # Sam Loyd
## Chess problems {#chess_problems}
### Excelsior problem {#excelsior_problem}
One of his best-known chess problems is the following, called \"Excelsior\" by Loyd after the poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. White is to move and checkmate Black in five moves against any defense:
Loyd bet a friend that h... | 563 | Sam Loyd | 1 |
29,222 | # Sam Loyd
## Puzzles
### Back from the Klondike {#back_from_the_klondike}
This is one of Sam Loyd\'s most famous puzzles, first printed in the *New York Journal and Advertiser*, April 24, 1898 (as far as available evidence indicates). Loyd\'s original instructions were to:
> Start from that heart in the center and... | 444 | Sam Loyd | 2 |
29,222 | # Sam Loyd
## Works by Sam Loyd {#works_by_sam_loyd}
- *Sam Loyd\'s Book of Tangram Puzzles* (`{{ISBN|0-486-22011-7}}`{=mediawiki})
- *Mathematical Puzzles of Sam Loyd* (`{{ISBN|0-486-20498-7}}`{=mediawiki}): selected and edited by Martin Gardner
- *More Mathematical Puzzles of Sam Loyd* (`{{ISBN|0-486-20709-9}... | 187 | Sam Loyd | 3 |
29,230 | # Sneaker Pimps
**Sneaker Pimps** are an English electronic music band, formed in Hartlepool in 1994. They are best known for their debut album, *Becoming X* (1996), and its singles \"6 Underground\" and \"Spin Spin Sugar\". The band takes its name from an article the Beastie Boys published in their *Grand Royal* maga... | 940 | Sneaker Pimps | 0 |
29,230 | # Sneaker Pimps
## Members
### Contributors and former members {#contributors_and_former_members}
- Kelli Ali (vocals on *Becoming X*)
- Joe Wilson (guitars, bass, backing vocals)
- Dave Westlake (drums, percussion)
- Ian Pickering (lyrics; live synths, bass and vocals)
- Simonne Jones (featured artist on *... | 104 | Sneaker Pimps | 1 |
29,230 | # Sneaker Pimps
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+------+
| Title ... | 817 | Sneaker Pimps | 2 |
29,253 | # Spandrel
A **spandrel** is a roughly triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame, between the tops of two adjacent arches, or one of the four spaces between a circle within a square. They are frequently filled with decorative elements.
## Meaning
There are four or f... | 431 | Spandrel | 0 |
29,257 | # SimpleText
**SimpleText** is the native text editor for the Apple classic Mac OS. SimpleText allows text editing and text formatting (underline, italic, bold, etc.), fonts, and sizes. It was developed to integrate the features included in the different versions of TeachText that were created by various software deve... | 416 | SimpleText | 0 |
29,263 | # Statute of Westminster 1931
Statute of Westminster}} `{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}`{=mediawiki}
The **Statute of Westminster 1931** is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that significantly increased the autonomy of the Dominions of the Bri... | 715 | Statute of Westminster 1931 | 0 |
29,263 | # Statute of Westminster 1931
## Application
The Statute of Westminster gave effect to certain political resolutions passed by the Imperial Conferences of 1926 and 1930; in particular, the Balfour Declaration of 1926. The main effect was the removal of the ability of the British parliament to legislate for the Domini... | 1,009 | Statute of Westminster 1931 | 1 |
29,263 | # Statute of Westminster 1931
## Application
### Irish Free State {#irish_free_state}
The Irish Free State never formally adopted the Statute of Westminster, its Executive Council (cabinet) taking the view that the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 had already ended Westminster\'s right to legislate for the Irish Free State... | 847 | Statute of Westminster 1931 | 2 |
29,263 | # Statute of Westminster 1931
## Application
### Union of South Africa {#union_of_south_africa}
Although the Union of South Africa was not among the Dominions that needed to adopt the Statute of Westminster for it to take effect, two laws --- the Status of the Union Act, 1934, and the Royal Executive Functions and Se... | 69 | Statute of Westminster 1931 | 3 |
29,263 | # Statute of Westminster 1931
## Implications for succession to the throne {#implications_for_succession_to_the_throne}
The preamble to the Statute of Westminster sets out a guideline for changing the rules of succession to the Crown. The second paragraph of the preamble to the statute reads:
Though a preamble is no... | 789 | Statute of Westminster 1931 | 4 |
29,275 | # Southcentral Alaska
**Southcentral Alaska** (*Юго-Центральная Аляска*), also known as the **Gulf Coast Region**, is the portion of the U.S. state of Alaska consisting of the shorelines and uplands of the central Gulf of Alaska. More than half of the state\'s entire population lives in this region, concentrated in an... | 323 | Southcentral Alaska | 0 |
29,285 | # Semtex
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 16, column 2):
unexpected '!'
! Compound ||Semtex 1A || Semtex H || Semtex 2P
^
`` | 25 | Semtex | 0 |
29,313 | # Second-system effect
The **second-system effect** or **second-system syndrome** is the tendency of small, elegant, and successful systems to be succeeded by over-engineered, bloated systems, due to inflated expectations and overconfidence.
The phrase was first used by Fred Brooks in his book *The Mythical Man-Month... | 75 | Second-system effect | 0 |
29,329 | # Spectrum
A **spectrum** (`{{plural form}}`{=mediawiki}: **spectra** or **spectrums**) is a set of related ideas, objects, or properties whose features overlap such that they blend to form a continuum. The word *spectrum* was first used scientifically in optics to describe the rainbow of colors in visible light after... | 580 | Spectrum | 0 |
29,330 | # Social dynamics
**Social dynamics** (or **sociodynamics**) is the study of the behavior of groups and of the interactions of individual group members, aiming to understand the emergence of complex social behaviors among microorganisms, plants and animals, including humans. It is related to sociobiology but also draw... | 360 | Social dynamics | 0 |
29,336 | # Systemic functional grammar
thumb\|upright=0.75\|Michael Halliday at his 90th-birthday symposium, 17 February 2015 `{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Linguistics}}`{=mediawiki}
**Systemic functional grammar** (**SFG**) is a form of grammatical description originated by Michael Halliday. It is part ... | 276 | Systemic functional grammar | 0 |
29,336 | # Systemic functional grammar
## Basic tenets {#basic_tenets}
Some interrelated key terms underpin Halliday\'s approach to grammar, which forms part of his account of how language works. These concepts are: system, (meta)function, and rank. Another key term is lexicogrammar. In this view, grammar and lexis are two en... | 380 | Systemic functional grammar | 1 |
29,336 | # Systemic functional grammar
## Metafunctions
From early on in his account of language, Halliday has argued that it is inherently functional. His early papers on the grammar of English make reference to the \"functional components\" of language, as \"generalized uses of language, which, since they seem to determine ... | 750 | Systemic functional grammar | 2 |
29,336 | # Systemic functional grammar
## Relation to other branches of grammar {#relation_to_other_branches_of_grammar}
Halliday\'s theory sets out to explain how spoken and written texts construe meanings and how the resources of language are organised in open systems and functionally bound to meanings. It is a theory of la... | 379 | Systemic functional grammar | 3 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
A **superheterodyne receiver**, often shortened to **superhet**, is a type of radio receiver that uses frequency mixing to convert a received signal to a fixed intermediate frequency (IF) which can be more conveniently processed than the original carrier frequency. It was invented by French ... | 820 | Superheterodyne receiver | 0 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## History
### Conceptualisation
thumb\|upright=1.5\|One of the prototype superheterodyne receivers built at Armstrong\'s Signal Corps laboratory in Paris during World War I. It is constructed in two sections, the mixer and local oscillator *(left)* and three IF amplification stages and a ... | 719 | Superheterodyne receiver | 1 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## History
### Development
thumb\|upright=1.3\|The first commercial superheterodyne receiver, the RCA Radiola AR-812, released on March 4, 1924, priced at \$286 (`{{Inflation|US|286|1924|fmt=eq|r=-1}}`{=mediawiki}). It used 6 triodes: a mixer, local oscillator, two IF and two audio amplifie... | 620 | Superheterodyne receiver | 2 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## History
### Patent battles {#patent_battles}
French engineer Lucien Lévy filed a patent application for the superheterodyne principle in August 1917 with brevet n° 493660. Armstrong also filed his patent in 1917. Levy filed his original disclosure about seven months before Armstrong\'s. ... | 114 | Superheterodyne receiver | 3 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## Principle of operation {#principle_of_operation}
thumb\|upright=2.0\|Block diagram of a typical single-conversion superheterodyne receiver. The diagram has blocks that are common to superheterodyne receivers, with only the RF amplifier being optional. Red parts are those that handle the ... | 544 | Superheterodyne receiver | 4 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## Principle of operation {#principle_of_operation}
### Local oscillator and mixer {#local_oscillator_and_mixer}
The signal is then fed into a circuit where it is mixed with a sine wave from a variable frequency oscillator known as the local oscillator (LO). The mixer uses a non-linear comp... | 681 | Superheterodyne receiver | 5 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## Principle of operation {#principle_of_operation}
### IF amplifier {#if_amplifier}
The stages of an intermediate frequency amplifier (\"IF amplifier\" or \"IF strip\") are tuned to a fixed frequency that does not change as the receiving frequency changes. The fixed frequency simplifies op... | 896 | Superheterodyne receiver | 6 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## Multiple conversion {#multiple_conversion}
thumb\|upright=2.0\|Double conversion superheterodyne receiver block diagram `{{anchor|Double|Triple}}`{=mediawiki}To overcome obstacles such as image response, some receivers use multiple successive stages of frequency conversion and multiple I... | 514 | Superheterodyne receiver | 7 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## Modern designs {#modern_designs}
Microprocessor technology allows replacing the superheterodyne receiver design by a software-defined radio architecture, where the IF processing after the initial IF filter is implemented in software. This technique is already in use in certain designs, s... | 1,076 | Superheterodyne receiver | 8 |
29,341 | # Superheterodyne receiver
## Advantages and disadvantages {#advantages_and_disadvantages}
### Local oscillator sideband noise {#local_oscillator_sideband_noise}
Local oscillators typically generate a single frequency signal that has negligible amplitude modulation but some random phase modulation which spreads some ... | 94 | Superheterodyne receiver | 9 |
29,346 | # Sambuca
**Sambuca** (`{{IPA|it|samˈbuːka|lang}}`{=mediawiki}) is an Italian anise-flavoured liqueur. Its most common variety is often referred to as \"white sambuca\" to differentiate it from other varieties that are deep blue (\"black sambuca\") or bright red (\"red sambuca\"). Like other anise-flavoured liqueurs, ... | 299 | Sambuca | 0 |
29,352 | # Selection sort
In computer science, **selection sort** is an in-place comparison sorting algorithm. It has a O(*n*^2^) time complexity, which makes it inefficient on large lists, and generally performs worse than the similar insertion sort. Selection sort is noted for its simplicity and has performance advantages ov... | 640 | Selection sort | 0 |
29,352 | # Selection sort
## Comparison to other sorting algorithms {#comparison_to_other_sorting_algorithms}
Among quadratic sorting algorithms (sorting algorithms with a simple average-case of Θ(*n*^2^)), selection sort almost always outperforms bubble sort and gnome sort. Insertion sort is very similar in that after the *k... | 346 | Selection sort | 1 |
29,352 | # Selection sort
## Variants
Heapsort has been described as \"nothing but an implementation of selection sort using the right data structure.\" It greatly improves the basic algorithm by using an implicit heap data structure to find and remove each lowest element in $\Theta(\log n)$ time, instead of normal selection ... | 507 | Selection sort | 2 |
29,356 | # International Society of Cryptozoology
The **International Society of Cryptozoology** (**ISC**) was an organization dedicated to the field of cryptozoology founded in 1982 in Washington, D.C. It ceased to exist in 1998.
It was founded to serve as a center for documenting and evaluating topics of interest to cryptoz... | 442 | International Society of Cryptozoology | 0 |
29,368 | # Slope
In mathematics, the **slope** or **gradient** of a line is a number that describes the direction of the line on a plane. Often denoted by the letter *m*, slope is calculated as the ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change (\"rise over run\") between two distinct points on the line, giving the same... | 457 | Slope | 0 |
29,368 | # Slope
## Definition
The slope of a line in the plane containing the *x* and *y* axes is generally represented by the letter *m*, and is defined as the change in the *y* coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the *x* coordinate, between two distinct points on the line. This is described by the following e... | 308 | Slope | 1 |
29,368 | # Slope
## Algebra and geometry {#algebra_and_geometry}
`{{bulleted list
| If <math>y</math> is a [[linear function]] of <math>x</math>, then the coefficient of <math>x</math> is the slope of the line created by plotting the function. Therefore, if the equation of the line is given in the form
: <math>y = mx + b</mat... | 503 | Slope | 2 |
29,368 | # Slope
## Calculus
The concept of a slope is central to differential calculus. For non-linear functions, the rate of change varies along the curve. The derivative of the function at a point is the slope of the line tangent to the curve at the point and is thus equal to the rate of change of the function at that poin... | 784 | Slope | 3 |
29,369 | # Sex organ
A **sex organ**, also known as a **reproductive organ**, is a part of an organism that is involved in sexual reproduction. Sex organs constitute the primary sex characteristics of an organism. Sex organs are responsible for producing and transporting gametes, as well as facilitating fertilization and suppo... | 497 | Sex organ | 0 |
29,369 | # Sex organ
## Animals
### Vertebrates
#### Mammals
The visible portion of eutherian mammalian genitals for males consists of the penis and scrotum; for females, it consists of the vulva.
Male placental mammals urinate and ejaculate through one urethral opening in the penis, while females have two separate vaginal... | 859 | Sex organ | 1 |
29,369 | # Sex organ
## Fungi
The sex organs in fungi are known as gametangia. In some fungi, the organs are indistinguishable from each other but, in other cases, male and female sex organs are clearly different.
Similar gametangia that are similar are known as isogametangia. While male and female gametangia are known as he... | 61 | Sex organ | 2 |
29,379 | # Shiva (Judaism)
**`{{transliteration|he|Shiva}}`{=mediawiki}** (*seven*) is the week-long mourning period in Judaism for first-degree relatives. The ritual is referred to as \"**sitting `{{transliteration|he|shiva}}`{=mediawiki}**\" in English. The `{{transliteration|he|shiva}}`{=mediawiki} period lasts for seven da... | 433 | Shiva (Judaism) | 0 |
29,379 | # Shiva (Judaism)
## Stages of bereavement {#stages_of_bereavement}
The process of mourning begins with the first stage, otherwise known as *Aninut*. During this time, individuals experience the initial shock of their loss. Often emotions associated with the period of *Aninut* include anger, denial, and disbelief. Du... | 298 | Shiva (Judaism) | 1 |
29,379 | # Shiva (Judaism)
## Computing the timing of *shiva* and *sheloshim* {#computing_the_timing_of_shiva_and_sheloshim}
The *shiva* period commences immediately after the burial. The remainder of the day (until sundown) is considered to be the first day of shiva, even though it is only a partial day. On the seventh day (... | 807 | Shiva (Judaism) | 2 |
29,379 | # Shiva (Judaism)
## Shiva customs {#shiva_customs}
There are many traditions that are upheld in order to observe *shiva*. Throughout this time, mourners are required to stay at home and refrain from engaging with the social world.
### Keriah
After hearing of the death of a close relative, Jewish beliefs and tradit... | 998 | Shiva (Judaism) | 3 |
29,379 | # Shiva (Judaism)
## Shiva customs {#shiva_customs}
### Shoes
Leather shoes are not permitted to be worn during the observance of shiva. The reasoning behind this involves a lack of luxury. Without leather shoes, an individual is able to concentrate on mourning and the deeper meaning of life. However, exceptions to t... | 612 | Shiva (Judaism) | 4 |
29,379 | # Shiva (Judaism)
## Prayers in the *shiva* house {#prayers_in_the_shiva_house}
Praying in the home of a mourner is done in order to demonstrate respect for the grieving individual as well as the deceased. Even as early as 1790, the \"Hebra Maarib beZemanah Oheb Shalom\" (חברה מעריב בזמנה אוהב שלום) organization was ... | 624 | Shiva (Judaism) | 5 |
29,390 | # Stalactite
A **stalactite** (`{{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|s|t|æ|l|ə|k|ˌ|t|aɪ|t}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPAc-en|US|s|t|ə|ˈ|l|æ|k|t|aɪ|t}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|σταλακτός}}'' ({{grc-transl|σταλακτός}})|dripping}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{etymology||''σταλάσσειν'' ({{grc-transl|σταλάσσειν}})|to drip}}`{=mediawiki}) is... | 579 | Stalactite | 0 |
29,390 | # Stalactite
## Formation and type {#formation_and_type}
### Lava stalactites {#lava_stalactites}
Another type of stalactite is formed in lava tubes while molten and fluid lava is still active inside. The mechanism of formation is the deposition of molten dripping material on the ceilings of caves, however with lava ... | 571 | Stalactite | 1 |
29,390 | # Stalactite
## Formation and type {#formation_and_type}
### Concrete stalactites {#concrete_stalactites}
*Main article: Calthemite*
Stalactites can also form on concrete, and on plumbing where there is a slow leak and where there are calcium, magnesium or other ions in the water supply, although they form much more... | 515 | Stalactite | 2 |
29,390 | # Stalactite
## Etymology
Stalactites are first mentioned (though not by name) by the Roman natural historian Pliny in a text which also mentions stalagmites and columns and refers to their formation by the dripping of water. The term \"stalactite\" was coined in the 17th century by the Danish Physician Ole Worm, who... | 119 | Stalactite | 3 |
29,391 | # Strangers in Paradise
Stranger in Paradise}} `{{Infobox comic book title <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Comics-->
| image = Strangers_in_Paradise_Pocket_Book_1_Cover_Art.jpg
| caption = Pocket book #1 cover
| schedule =
| format =
| publisher = (vol. 1) [[Antarctic Press]] (3 issues, 1993–1994) <br /> (vol. 2) Abstract ... | 356 | Strangers in Paradise | 0 |
29,391 | # Strangers in Paradise
## Origins and publication history {#origins_and_publication_history}
Terry Moore stated that \"I started out wanting to do a newspaper strip, and tried one idea after another before I realised I hated the gag-a-day life and really wanted to try a story instead\". The story he chose to tell tu... | 536 | Strangers in Paradise | 1 |
29,391 | # Strangers in Paradise
## Characters
Katina \"Katchoo\" Choovanski: Katchoo (occasionally referred to as \"The Original Angry Blonde\" by fans of the series) is a temperamental artist with a violent past. A former prostitute, Katchoo was the lover and agent of Darcy Parker. Katchoo has been in love with her best fri... | 584 | Strangers in Paradise | 2 |
29,391 | # Strangers in Paradise
## Awards
The series received the Eisner Award for Best Serialized Story in 1996 for \"I Dream of You\" as well as the National Cartoonists Society Reuben Award for Best Comic Book in 2003. It also won the GLAAD Award for Best Comic Book in 2001.
## Collected editions {#collected_editions}
*... | 758 | Strangers in Paradise | 3 |
29,394 | # Shrike
**Shrikes** (`{{IPAc-en|ʃ|r|aɪ|k}}`{=mediawiki}) are passerine birds of the family **Laniidae**. The family is composed of 34 species in two genera.
The family name, and that of the larger genus, *Lanius*, is derived from the Latin word for \"butcher\", and some shrikes are also known as **butcherbirds** bec... | 411 | Shrike | 0 |
29,394 | # Shrike
## Behaviour
Male shrikes are known for their habit of catching insects and small vertebrates and impaling them on thorns, branches, the spikes on barbed-wire fences, or any available sharp point. These stores serve as a cache so that the shrike can return to the uneaten portions at a later time. The primary... | 452 | Shrike | 1 |
29,396 | # Screwdriver (cocktail)
A **screwdriver** is an alcoholic highball drink made with orange juice and vodka. In the UK, it is referred to as a \"**vodka and orange**\". While the basic drink is simply the two ingredients, there are many variations. Many of the variations have different names in different parts of the w... | 480 | Screwdriver (cocktail) | 0 |
29,398 | # Single-stage-to-orbit
thumb\|upright=1.2\|The VentureStar was a proposed SSTO spaceplane.
A **single-stage-to-orbit** (**SSTO**) vehicle reaches orbit from the surface of a body using only propellants and fluids and without expending tanks, engines, or other major hardware. The term usually, but not exclusively ref... | 412 | Single-stage-to-orbit | 0 |
29,398 | # Single-stage-to-orbit
## History
### Early concepts {#early_concepts}
Before the second half of the twentieth century, very little research was conducted into space travel. During the 1960s, some of the first concept designs for this kind of craft began to emerge.
One of the earliest SSTO concepts was the expenda... | 614 | Single-stage-to-orbit | 1 |
29,398 | # Single-stage-to-orbit
## Approaches
There have been various approaches to SSTO vehicles including: pure rockets that are launched and land vertically, air-breathing scramjet-powered vehicles that are launched and land horizontally, nuclear-powered vehicles, and even jet-engine-powered vehicles that can fly into orb... | 1,058 | Single-stage-to-orbit | 2 |
29,398 | # Single-stage-to-orbit
## Approaches
### Airbreathing SSTO {#airbreathing_ssto}
Some designs for SSTO attempt to use airbreathing jet engines that collect oxidizer and reaction mass from the atmosphere to reduce the take-off weight of the vehicle.
Some of the issues with this approach are:`{{citation_needed|date=Ju... | 658 | Single-stage-to-orbit | 3 |
29,398 | # Single-stage-to-orbit
## Design challenges inherent in SSTO {#design_challenges_inherent_in_ssto}
The design space constraints of SSTO vehicles were described by rocket design engineer Robert Truax:
The Tsiolkovsky rocket equation expresses the maximum change in velocity any single rocket stage can achieve:
where... | 499 | Single-stage-to-orbit | 4 |
29,398 | # Single-stage-to-orbit
## Examples
It is easier to achieve SSTO from a body with lower gravitational pull than Earth, such as the Moon or Mars. The Apollo Lunar Module ascended from the lunar surface to lunar orbit in a single stage.
A detailed study into SSTO vehicles was prepared by Chrysler Corporation\'s Space ... | 653 | Single-stage-to-orbit | 5 |
29,400 | # Structural biology
**Structural biology** deals with structural analysis of living material (formed, composed of, and/or maintained and refined by living cells) at every level of organization.
Early structural biologists throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries were primarily only able to study structures to th... | 398 | Structural biology | 0 |
29,400 | # Structural biology
## History
In 1912 Max Von Laue directed X-rays at crystallized copper sulfate generating a diffraction pattern. These experiments led to the development of X-ray crystallography, and its usage in exploring biological structures. In 1951, Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used X-ray diffracti... | 762 | Structural biology | 1 |
29,403 | # Sour mix
**Sour mix** (also known as **sweet and sour mix**) is a mixer that is usually yellow-green in color, and is used in many cocktails. It is made from approximately equal parts lemon and/or lime juice and simple syrup and shaken vigorously with ice. This produces a pearly-white liquid with a pronounced flavor... | 131 | Sour mix | 0 |
29,407 | # Superworld
***Superworld*** is a superhero-themed role-playing game published by Chaosium in 1983 that uses the generic *Basic Role-Playing* rules system. The game began as just one part of the *Worlds of Wonder* product before being published as a stand-alone game. In competition against other well-established and ... | 850 | Superworld | 0 |
29,407 | # Superworld
## *Wild Cards* {#wild_cards}
The *Wild Cards* series of science fiction books came from a *Superworld* campaign gamemastered by George R. R. Martin, and played in by other science fiction writers | 33 | Superworld | 1 |
29,414 | # Stuart Little
*Stuart Little* (franchise)}} `{{use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox book| <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Novels or Wikipedia:WikiProject_Books -->
| name = Stuart Little
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = StuartLittle.jpg
| caption = First edition
| ... | 483 | Stuart Little | 0 |
29,414 | # Stuart Little
## Plot
A white mouse looking boy named Stuart is born to an ordinary family in New York City. He is normal in every way except that he is only just over 2 in tall and looks exactly like a mouse, despite being a human child. At first, the family is concerned with how Stuart will survive in a human-siz... | 620 | Stuart Little | 1 |
29,414 | # Stuart Little
## Adaptations
### Audio
Actress Julie Harris narrated an unabridged adaptation on LP in two volumes for Pathways of Sound (POS 1036 and 1037). The complete recording was later released on audio cassette by Bantam Audio and on CD by Listening Library.
### Films
The book was very loosely adapted int... | 423 | Stuart Little | 2 |
29,417 | # Statite
A **statite** (a portmanteau of the words *static* and *satellite*) is a hypothetical type of artificial satellite that employs a solar sail to continuously modify its orbit in ways that gravity alone would not allow. Typically, a statite would use the solar sail to \"hover\" in a location that would not oth... | 243 | Statite | 0 |
29,430 | # Simple module
In mathematics, specifically in ring theory, the **simple modules** over a ring *R* are the (left or right) modules over *R* that are non-zero and have no non-zero proper submodules. Equivalently, a module *M* is simple if and only if every cyclic submodule generated by a `{{nowrap|non-zero}}`{=mediawi... | 715 | Simple module | 0 |
29,430 | # Simple module
## Simple modules and composition series {#simple_modules_and_composition_series}
If *M* is a module which has a non-zero proper submodule *N*, then there is a short exact sequence
$$0 \to N \to M \to M/N \to 0.$$ A common approach to proving a fact about *M* is to show that the fact is true for the ... | 409 | Simple module | 1 |
29,430 | # Simple module
## The Jacobson density theorem {#the_jacobson_density_theorem}
An important advance in the theory of simple modules was the Jacobson density theorem. The Jacobson density theorem states:
: Let *U* be a simple right *R*-module and let *D* = End~*R*~(*U*). Let *A* be any *D*-linear operator on *U* a... | 145 | Simple module | 2 |
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