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28,967 | # Simpson Desert
## Ecology
The Simpson Desert is also a large part of the World Wildlife Fund ecoregion of the same name, which consists of the Channel Country and the Simpson Strzelecki Dunefields bioregions of the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA).
The flora of the Simpson Desert ecoregio... | 465 | Simpson Desert | 3 |
28,967 | # Simpson Desert
## Dunefields
The extensive dunefields of the Simpson Desert display a range of colours from brilliant white to dark red, and include pinks and oranges.
### Morphology
The sand ridges have a trend of SSE-NNW and continue parallel for great distances. This pattern is seen throughout the deserts of A... | 266 | Simpson Desert | 4 |
28,970 | # SECD machine
The **SECD machine** is a highly influential (see: *Landin\'s contribution*) virtual machine and abstract machine intended as a target for compilers of functional programming languages. The letters stand for `stack`, `environment`, `control`, `dump`, respectively, which are the internal registers of the... | 289 | SECD machine | 0 |
28,970 | # SECD machine
## Informal description {#informal_description}
When evaluation of an expression begins, the expression is loaded as the only element of control **`C`**. The environment **`E`**, stack **`S`** and dump **`D`** begin empty.
During evaluation of **`C`** it is converted to reverse Polish notation (RPN) w... | 362 | SECD machine | 1 |
28,970 | # SECD machine
## Registers and memory {#registers_and_memory}
The SECD machine is stack-based. Functions take their arguments from the stack. The arguments to built-in instructions are encoded immediately after them in the instruction stream.
Like all internal data-structures, the stack is a list, with the **`S`** ... | 674 | SECD machine | 2 |
28,970 | # SECD machine
## Instructions
- **`nil`** pushes a nil pointer onto the stack
- **`ldc`** pushes a constant argument onto the stack
- **`ld`** pushes the value of a variable onto the stack. The variable is indicated by the argument, a pair. The pair\'s car specifies the level, the cdr the position. So `(1 . 3)... | 329 | SECD machine | 3 |
29,007 | # Saint David
**David** (*Dewi Sant*; *Davidus*; `{{c.|500|589}}`{=mediawiki}) was a Welsh Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century. He is the patron saint of Wales.
David was a native of Wales, and tradition has preserved a relatively large amount of detail about his life. His birth dat... | 751 | Saint David | 0 |
29,007 | # Saint David
## Death
Though the exact date of his death is not certain, tradition holds that it was on 1 March, which is the date now marked as Saint David\'s Day. The two most common years given for his death are 601 and 589. The monastery is said to have been \"filled with angels as Christ received his soul\". Hi... | 353 | Saint David | 1 |
29,007 | # Saint David
## Veneration
*Main article: Saint David\'s Day* David was officially recognised at the Holy See by Pope Callixtus II in 1120, thanks to the work of Bernard, Bishop of St David\'s. Music for his Liturgy of the Hours has been edited by O. T. Edwards in *Matins, Lauds and Vespers for St David\'s Day: the ... | 278 | Saint David | 2 |
29,007 | # Saint David
## Reputation
He was not explicitly named by contemporary sources although David may have been criticised without being named by Gildas the first explicit reference is in the Irish Martyrology of Tallaght in the early ninth century.
David\'s popularity in Wales is shown by the *Armes Prydein* of around... | 303 | Saint David | 3 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
The `{{nihongo foot|'''Sega Saturn'''|セガサターン|Sega Satān|lead=yes|group=lower-alpha}}`{=mediawiki} is a home video game console developed by Sega and released on November 22, 1994, in Japan, May 11, 1995, in North America, and July 8, 1995, in Europe. Part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, i... | 300 | Sega Saturn | 0 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## History
### Background
In the early 1990s, Sega had success with the Genesis (known as the Mega Drive in most countries outside of North America), backed by aggressive advertising campaigns and the popularity of its *Sonic the Hedgehog* series. Sega also had success with arcade games; in 1992 and 19... | 817 | Sega Saturn | 1 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## History
### Launch
Sega released the Saturn in Japan on November 22, 1994, at a price of ¥44,800 (equivalent to `{{Currency|{{To USD|44800|JPN|year=1994|r=-1}}|USD}}`{=mediawiki} at the time). *Virtua Fighter*, a faithful port of the popular arcade game, sold at a nearly one-to-one ratio with the Sat... | 1,078 | Sega Saturn | 2 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## History
### Changes at Sega {#changes_at_sega}
After the launch of the PlayStation and Saturn, sales of 16-bit games and consoles continued to account for 64% of the video game market in 1995. Sega underestimated the continued popularity of the Genesis, and did not have the inventory to meet demand. ... | 587 | Sega Saturn | 3 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## History
### Cancellation of *Sonic X-treme* {#cancellation_of_sonic_x_treme}
As Sonic Team was working on *Nights into Dreams*, Sega tasked the U.S.-based Sega Technical Institute (STI) with developing the first fully 3D entry in its popular *Sonic the Hedgehog* series. The game, *Sonic X-treme*, was... | 385 | Sega Saturn | 4 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## History
### Decline
From 1993 to early 1996, although Sega\'s revenue declined as part of an industry-wide slowdown, the company retained control of 38% of the U.S. video game market (compared to Nintendo\'s 30% and Sony\'s 24%). Eight hundred thousand PlayStation units were sold in the U.S. by the e... | 755 | Sega Saturn | 5 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## Technical specifications {#technical_specifications}
---------------------------------- -------------------------------------- --------------------
Hitachi SH-2 Saturn Custom Sound Processor (SCSP) ... | 1,185 | Sega Saturn | 6 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## Game library {#game_library}
Much of the Saturn\'s library is Sega\'s arcade ports, including *Daytona USA*, *The House of the Dead*, *Last Bronx*, *Sega Rally Championship*, the *Virtua Cop* series, the *Virtua Fighter* series, and *Virtual-On*. Saturn ports of 2D Capcom fighting games including *Da... | 763 | Sega Saturn | 7 |
29,035 | # Sega Saturn
## Reception and legacy {#reception_and_legacy}
At the time of the Saturn\'s release, *Famicom Tsūshin* awarded it 24 out of 40, higher than the PlayStation\'s 19 out of 40. In June 1995, Dennis Lynch of the *Chicago Tribune* and Albert Kim of *Entertainment Weekly* praised the Saturn as the most advanc... | 977 | Sega Saturn | 8 |
29,039 | # SH3 domain
The **SRC Homology 3 Domain** (or **SH3 domain**) is a small protein domain of about 60 amino acid residues. Initially, SH3 was described as a conserved sequence in the viral adaptor protein v-Crk. This domain is also present in the molecules of phospholipase and several cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases such ... | 431 | SH3 domain | 0 |
29,040 | # Generalized Stokes theorem
In vector calculus and differential geometry the **generalized Stokes theorem** (sometimes with apostrophe as **Stokes\' theorem** or **Stokes\'s theorem**), also called the **Stokes--Cartan theorem**, is a statement about the integration of differential forms on manifolds, which both simp... | 414 | Generalized Stokes theorem | 0 |
29,040 | # Generalized Stokes theorem
## Introduction
The second fundamental theorem of calculus states that the integral of a function $f$ over the interval $[a,b]$ can be calculated by finding an antiderivative $F$ of $f$: $\int_a^b f(x)\,dx = F(b) - F(a)\,.$
Stokes\' theorem is a vast generalization of this theorem in the... | 375 | Generalized Stokes theorem | 1 |
29,040 | # Generalized Stokes theorem
## Formulation for smooth manifolds with boundary {#formulation_for_smooth_manifolds_with_boundary}
Let $\Omega$ be an oriented smooth manifold of dimension $n$ with boundary and let $\alpha$ be a smooth $n$-differential form that is compactly supported on $\Omega$. First, suppose that $\... | 327 | Generalized Stokes theorem | 2 |
29,040 | # Generalized Stokes theorem
## Topological preliminaries; integration over chains {#topological_preliminaries_integration_over_chains}
Let `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} be a smooth manifold. A (smooth) singular `{{mvar|k}}`{=mediawiki}-simplex in `{{mvar|M}}`{=mediawiki} is defined as a smooth map from the standard simpl... | 687 | Generalized Stokes theorem | 3 |
29,040 | # Generalized Stokes theorem
## Generalization to rough sets {#generalization_to_rough_sets}
The formulation above, in which $\Omega$ is a smooth manifold with boundary, does not suffice in many applications. For example, if the domain of integration is defined as the plane region between two $x$-coordinates and the ... | 354 | Generalized Stokes theorem | 4 |
29,040 | # Generalized Stokes theorem
## Special cases {#special_cases}
The general form of the Stokes theorem using differential forms is more powerful and easier to use than the special cases. The traditional versions can be formulated using Cartesian coordinates without the machinery of differential geometry, and thus are ... | 803 | Generalized Stokes theorem | 5 |
29,040 | # Generalized Stokes theorem
## Special cases {#special_cases}
### Volume integral of gradient of scalar field {#volume_integral_of_gradient_of_scalar_field}
Let $f : \Omega \to \mathbb{R}$ be a scalar field. Then $\int_\Omega \vec{\nabla} f = \int_{\partial \Omega} \vec{n} f$ where $\vec{n}$ is the normal vector to ... | 136 | Generalized Stokes theorem | 6 |
29,043 | # Steenbeck
**Steenbeck** was a company that manufactured flatbed editors. Steenbeck is a brand name that has become synonymous with a type of flatbed film editing suite which is usable with both 16 mm and 35 mm optical sound and magnetic sound film.
The Steenbeck company was founded in 1931 by Wilhelm Steenbeck in H... | 227 | Steenbeck | 0 |
29,048 | # Single-sideband modulation
`{{Modulation techniques}}`{=mediawiki}
In radio communications, **single-sideband modulation** (**SSB**) or **single-sideband suppressed-carrier modulation** (**SSB-SC**) is a type of signal modulation used to transmit information, such as an audio signal, by radio waves. A refinement of... | 602 | Single-sideband modulation | 0 |
29,048 | # Single-sideband modulation
## Mathematical formulation {#mathematical_formulation}
Single-sideband has the mathematical form of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in the special case where one of the baseband waveforms is derived from the other, instead of being independent messages**:**
where $s(t)\,$ is the m... | 473 | Single-sideband modulation | 1 |
29,048 | # Single-sideband modulation
## Practical implementations {#practical_implementations}
### Bandpass filtering {#bandpass_filtering}
One method of producing an SSB signal is to remove one of the sidebands via filtering, leaving only either the **upper sideband** (**USB**), the sideband with the higher frequency, or l... | 486 | Single-sideband modulation | 2 |
29,048 | # Single-sideband modulation
## Practical implementations {#practical_implementations}
### Full, reduced, and suppressed-carrier SSB {#full_reduced_and_suppressed_carrier_ssb}
Conventional amplitude-modulated signals can be considered wasteful of power and bandwidth because they contain a carrier signal and two ident... | 1,125 | Single-sideband modulation | 3 |
29,048 | # Single-sideband modulation
## Demodulation
The front end of an SSB receiver is similar to that of an AM or FM receiver, consisting of a superheterodyne RF front end that produces a frequency-shifted version of the radio frequency (RF) signal within a standard intermediate frequency (IF) band.
To recover the origin... | 465 | Single-sideband modulation | 4 |
29,048 | # Single-sideband modulation
## SSB as a speech-scrambling technique {#ssb_as_a_speech_scrambling_technique}
SSB techniques can also be adapted to frequency-shift and frequency-invert baseband waveforms (voice inversion). This voice scrambling method was made by running the audio of one side band modulated audio samp... | 663 | Single-sideband modulation | 5 |
29,048 | # Single-sideband modulation
## Controlled-envelope single-sideband modulation (CESSB) {#controlled_envelope_single_sideband_modulation_cessb}
The generation of standard SSB modulation results in large envelope overshoots well above the average envelope level for a sinusoidal tone (even when the audio signal is peak-... | 177 | Single-sideband modulation | 6 |
29,072 | # SANS Institute
The **SANS Institute** (officially the **Escal Institute of Advanced Technologies**) is a private U.S. for-profit company founded in 1989 that specializes in information security, cybersecurity training, and selling certificates. Topics available for training include cyber and network defenses, penetr... | 491 | SANS Institute | 0 |
29,072 | # SANS Institute
## Courses & Certifications {#courses_certifications}
SANS offers more than 85 hands-on cyber security courses and certification programs.
- SEC504: Hacker Tools, Techniques, and Incident Handling
- SEC401: Security Essentials - Network, Endpoint, and Cloud
- FOR508: Advanced Incident Response... | 766 | SANS Institute | 1 |
29,079 | # Statute of frauds
A **statute of frauds** is a form of statute requiring that certain kinds of contracts be memorialized in writing, signed by the party against whom they are to be enforced, with sufficient content to evidence the contract.
## Terminology
The term *statute of frauds* comes from the Statute of Frau... | 647 | Statute of frauds | 0 |
29,079 | # Statute of frauds
## Application
### Exceptions
An agreement may be enforced even if it does not comply with the statute of frauds in the following situations:
:\* A statute of frauds defense may also be affected by a showing of **part performance** by proving the existence of one of two different conditions. If t... | 395 | Statute of frauds | 1 |
29,079 | # Statute of frauds
## By jurisdiction {#by_jurisdiction}
### Canada
The Statute of Frauds recites that it was enacted for the \". . . prevention of many fraudulent practices which are commonly endeavored to be upheld by perjury . . .\". The mischief arising from claimants asserting oral agreements was to be avoided... | 722 | Statute of frauds | 2 |
29,079 | # Statute of frauds
## By jurisdiction {#by_jurisdiction}
### United States {#united_states}
In the United States, for contracts for the sale of goods that fall under the Uniform Commercial Code, additional exceptions may apply:
:\* **Admission** of the existence of a contract by the defendant under oath. However, t... | 1,137 | Statute of frauds | 3 |
29,082 | # Social geography
**Social geography** is the branch of human geography that is interested in the relationships between society and space, and is most closely related to social theory in general and sociology in particular, dealing with the relation of social phenomena and its spatial components. Though the term itse... | 372 | Social geography | 0 |
29,082 | # Social geography
## History
### Before World War II {#before_world_war_ii}
The term \"social geography\" (or rather \"géographie sociale\") originates from France, where it was used both by geographer Élisée Reclus and by sociologists of the Le Play School, perhaps independently from each other. In fact, the first... | 515 | Social geography | 1 |
29,082 | # Social geography
## History
### Post-war period {#post_war_period}
#### Continental Europe {#continental_europe}
In the German-language geography, this focus on the connection between social groups and the landscape was further developed by Hans Bobek and Wolfgang Hartke after the Second World War. For Bobek, grou... | 370 | Social geography | 2 |
29,084 | # Slayers
is a Japanese light novel series written by Hajime Kanzaka and illustrated by Rui Araizumi. The novels have been serialized in *Dragon Magazine* since 1989, before being published into individual volumes. They follow the adventures of teenage sorceress Lina Inverse and her companions as they journey through ... | 758 | Slayers | 0 |
29,084 | # Slayers
## Production
The first *Slayers* light novel was written by Hajime Kanzaka for entrance into Fujimi Fantasia Bunko\'s first annual Fantasia Chōhen Shōsetsu Awards in 1989. After it won, the new author was asked to create a follow-up. Kanzaka initially thought this was an impossible task as the characters h... | 551 | Slayers | 1 |
29,084 | # Slayers
## Media
### Light novels {#light_novels}
*Slayers* began serialization in *Dragon Magazine* in 1989 as a short story series written by Hajime Kanzaka and with artwork by Rui Araizumi. The chapters were then published as light novels under the Fujimi Fantasia Bunko imprint across 15 volumes from January 17... | 776 | Slayers | 2 |
29,084 | # Slayers
## Media
### Anime television series {#anime_television_series}
The self-titled first season of the anime adapts volumes 1 and 3 of the light novels. The second season, *Slayers Next*, adapts volumes 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 of the light novels. The third season, *Slayers Try*, is an original story. However, a fou... | 646 | Slayers | 3 |
29,084 | # Slayers
## Media
### Original video animations {#original_video_animations}
- The first OVA series, `{{nihongo|''[[Slayers Special (OVA)|Slayers Special]]''|スレイヤーズスペシャル}}`{=mediawiki}, consists of three individual episodes directed by Hiroshi Watanabe. The first episode was released in Japan on July 25, 1996 by K... | 541 | Slayers | 4 |
29,084 | # Slayers
## Reception
Including the spin-off series, the *Slayers* novels had 18 million copies in print by 2015. This number had grown to over 20 million copies by 2018. In January 2025, it was announced that the franchise had sold over 22 million copies, including digital sales. Writing in 2020, Iyane Agossah from... | 449 | Slayers | 5 |
29,087 | # Security through obscurity
In security engineering, **security through obscurity** is the practice of concealing the details or mechanisms of a system to enhance its security. This approach relies on the principle of hiding something in plain sight, akin to a magician\'s sleight of hand or the use of camouflage. It ... | 748 | Security through obscurity | 0 |
29,087 | # Security through obscurity
## Obscurity in architecture vs. technique {#obscurity_in_architecture_vs._technique}
Knowledge of how the system is built differs from concealment and camouflage. The effectiveness of obscurity in operations security depends on whether the obscurity lives on top of other good security pr... | 113 | Security through obscurity | 1 |
29,103 | # Seymour Cray
**Seymour Roger Cray** (September 28, 1925 -- October 5, 1996) was an American electrical engineer and supercomputer architect who designed a series of computers that were the fastest in the world for decades, and founded Cray Research, which built many of these machines. Called \"the father of supercom... | 281 | Seymour Cray | 0 |
29,103 | # Seymour Cray
## Career
### Engineering Research Associates {#engineering_research_associates}
In 1950, Cray joined Engineering Research Associates (ERA) in Saint Paul, Minnesota. ERA had formed out of a former United States Navy laboratory that had built codebreaking machines, a tradition ERA carried on when such ... | 943 | Seymour Cray | 1 |
29,103 | # Seymour Cray
## Career
### Cray Research {#cray_research}
The split was fairly amicable, and when he started Cray Research in a new laboratory on the same Chippewa property a year later, Norris invested \$250,000 in start-up money. Like CDC\'s organization, Cray R&D was based in Chippewa Falls and business headquar... | 576 | Seymour Cray | 2 |
29,103 | # Seymour Cray
## Career
### Cray Computer Corporation {#cray_computer_corporation}
Cray decided to spin off the Colorado Springs laboratory to form **Cray Computer Corporation**. This new entity took the Cray-3 project with them.
The 500 MHz Cray-3 proved to be Cray\'s second major failure. In order to provide the ... | 732 | Seymour Cray | 3 |
29,103 | # Seymour Cray
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Cray married Verene Voll in 1947. They had known each other since childhood. She was the daughter of a Methodist minister, as was Cray\'s mother, and Verene worked as a nutritionist. They had three children. Cray and Voll divorced around 1978. He later married Geri M. ... | 278 | Seymour Cray | 4 |
29,103 | # Seymour Cray
## Posthumous
The IEEE Computer Society\'s Seymour Cray Computer Engineering Award, established in late 1997, recognizes innovative contributions to high performance computing systems exemplifying Cray\'s creative spirit | 30 | Seymour Cray | 5 |
29,113 | # Stockholm Bloodbath
thumb\|upright=1.6\|Stockholm Bloodbath as it was depicted in *Blodbadsplanschen*, 1524
The **Stockholm Bloodbath** (*Stockholms blodbad*) was a trial that led to a series of executions in Stockholm between 7 and 9 November 1520. The event is also known as the **Stockholm massacre**.
The events... | 648 | Stockholm Bloodbath | 0 |
29,113 | # Stockholm Bloodbath
## Massacre
On 4 November, Christian was anointed by Gustavus Trolle in Storkyrkan Cathedral and took the usual oath to rule the kingdom through native-born Swedes only. A banquet was held for the next three days. Lots of wine and beer was drunk and jokes were cracked between Danes and Swedes.
... | 277 | Stockholm Bloodbath | 1 |
29,113 | # Stockholm Bloodbath
## Aftermath
Christian justified the massacre in a proclamation to the Swedish people as a measure necessary to avoid a papal interdict, but, when apologising to the Pope for the decapitation of the bishops, he blamed his troops for performing unauthorised acts of vengeance.
Gustav Vasa was a s... | 554 | Stockholm Bloodbath | 2 |
29,125 | # Soviet submarine K-8
*Pandoc failed*: ```
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unexpected '{'
{{Infobox ship image
^
`` | 20 | Soviet submarine K-8 | 0 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
**Super Bowl IV** was an American football game played on January 11, 1970, at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was the fourth and final AFL--NFL World Championship Game in professional football prior to the AFL--NFL merger taking effect the following season. The American Football League (A... | 326 | Super Bowl IV | 0 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Background
### Host selection process {#host_selection_process}
The NFL awarded Super Bowl IV to New Orleans on March 19, 1969, at the owners\' meetings held in Palm Springs, California. It marked the first of eleven (as of 2024) Super Bowls to be held in New Orleans. Two cites were in considerati... | 614 | Super Bowl IV | 1 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Background
### Kansas City Chiefs {#kansas_city_chiefs}
Meanwhile, it seemed that the Chiefs, led by head coach Hank Stram, and especially quarterback Len Dawson, were jinxed throughout the year. In the second game of the regular season, Dawson suffered a knee injury that kept him from playing the ... | 1,193 | Super Bowl IV | 2 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Background
### Super Bowl pregame news and notes {#super_bowl_pregame_news_and_notes}
Many sportswriters and fans expected that the Vikings would easily defeat the Chiefs. Although the AFL\'s New York Jets won Super Bowl III at the end of the previous season, many were convinced that it was a fluke... | 329 | Super Bowl IV | 3 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Broadcasting
### American television {#american_television}
Super Bowl IV was broadcast in the United States by CBS with play-by-play announcer Jack Buck (his only Super Bowl on television) and color commentator Pat Summerall, with Frank Gifford and Jack Whitaker reporting from the winning and los... | 948 | Super Bowl IV | 4 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Game summary {#game_summary}
Chiefs head coach Hank Stram, who was also the team\'s offensive coordinator, devised an effective game plan against the Vikings. He knew Minnesota\'s secondary was able to play very far off receivers because Viking defensive ends Carl Eller and Jim Marshall knocked dow... | 526 | Super Bowl IV | 5 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Second quarter {#second_quarter}
Four plays later, on the first play of the second quarter, a pass interference penalty on Sharockman nullified Dawson\'s third down incompletion and gave Kansas City a new set of downs at the Minnesota 31-yard line. However, on 3rd-a... | 1,109 | Super Bowl IV | 6 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Box score {#box_score}
| 12 | Super Bowl IV | 7 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Final statistics {#final_statistics}
Sources:*The NFL\'s Official Encyclopedic History of Professional Football*, (1973), p. 144, Macmillan Publishing Co. New York, NY, LCCN 73-3862, [NFL.com Super Bowl IV](http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/boxscore/sbiv), [USA Today Super Bowl IV Play by Play](... | 369 | Super Bowl IV | 8 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Final statistics {#final_statistics}
### Records set {#records_set}
The following records were set or tied in Super Bowl IV, according to the official NFL.com boxscore and the ProFootball reference.com game summary. Some records have to meet NFL minimum number of attempts to be recognized. The mini... | 556 | Super Bowl IV | 9 |
29,130 | # Super Bowl IV
## Starting lineups {#starting_lineups}
Minnesota Position Kansas City
------------------ ---------- ------------------
**Offense**
Gene Washington WR Frank Pitts
Grady Alderman LT Jim Tyrer
Jim Vellone LG Ed Budde
Mick ... | 234 | Super Bowl IV | 10 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
**Super Bowl XIII** was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1978 season. The Steelers defeated the Cowboys... | 485 | Super Bowl XIII | 0 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Background
### Host selection process {#host_selection_process}
The NFL awarded Super Bowl XIII to Miami on June 14, 1977, at the owners\' meetings held in New York City. For the first time since 1973, multiple Super Bowl host sites were selected at the same meeting. It marked the fifth and fina... | 353 | Super Bowl XIII | 1 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Background
### Pittsburgh Steelers {#pittsburgh_steelers}
The Steelers joined the Cowboys in their attempt to be the first team to win a third Super Bowl, after wins in Super Bowl IX and Super Bowl X. Pittsburgh quarterback Terry Bradshaw had the best season of his career, completing 207 of 368 p... | 875 | Super Bowl XIII | 2 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Background
### Super Bowl pregame news and notes {#super_bowl_pregame_news_and_notes}
Although the Super Bowl had grown into America\'s biggest one-day sporting event by this point, many believe the 13th edition began the game\'s evolution to unofficial national holiday and cross-cultural phenome... | 1,013 | Super Bowl XIII | 3 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Background
### Betting line {#betting_line}
The point spread for the game opened at Pittsburgh -3.5 points. As the Steelers backers placed bets on them the sportsbooks adjusted the line. It eventually hit Pittsburgh -4.5 and then the Dallas money poured in on the Cowboys. It eventually settled at... | 90 | Super Bowl XIII | 4 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Broadcasting
The game was televised in the United States by NBC, with Curt Gowdy handling play-by-play and sharing the booth with color commentators John Brodie and Merlin Olsen. Dick Enberg served as the pregame host for the broadcast. Also taking part in NBC\'s coverage were Bryant Gumbel, Mike... | 328 | Super Bowl XIII | 5 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Entertainment
The pregame festivities featured the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders and several military bands. The Colgate Thirteen performed the national anthem, while the Stetson University Army ROTC Color Guard presented the Colors. The coin toss ceremony featured Pro Football Hall of Famer and lo... | 662 | Super Bowl XIII | 6 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Second quarter {#second_quarter}
The Steelers took possession at the start of the second quarter and advanced to their own 48-yard line. On 3rd-and-10, Dallas linebackers Mike Hegman and Thomas \"Hollywood\" Henderson went after Bradshaw on a blitz. After taking t... | 899 | Super Bowl XIII | 7 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Fourth quarter {#fourth_quarter}
Two controversial penalties early in the fourth quarter paved the way for the Steelers to score two unanswered touchdowns.
After forcing the Cowboys to punt to start the quarter, the Steelers advanced to their own 44 after a cruci... | 803 | Super Bowl XIII | 8 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Aftermath
After the game, Terry Bradshaw mocked Dallas linebacker Thomas Henderson\'s previous insult about him not being able to spell the word \"cat\", stating \"Ask if he can spell M.V.P\".
The two teams would face off in yet another re-match in Three Rivers S... | 312 | Super Bowl XIII | 9 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Final statistics {#final_statistics}
Sources: [NFL.com Super Bowl XIII](http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/boxscore/sbxiii), [Super Bowl XIII Play Finder Pit](https://www.pro-football-reference.com/play-index/play_finder.cgi?request=1&super_bowl=1&match=summary_all&year_min=1978&year_max=1978&t... | 718 | Super Bowl XIII | 10 |
29,139 | # Super Bowl XIII
## Starting lineups {#starting_lineups}
Source:
Pittsburgh Position Dallas
------------------ ---------- -----------------------
**Offense**
John Stallworth‡ WR Tony Hill
Jon Kolb LT Pat Donovan
Sam Davis LG Herbe... | 281 | Super Bowl XIII | 11 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
**Super Bowl XIV** was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Los Angeles Rams and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1979 season. The Steelers defeated the Rams by... | 420 | Super Bowl XIV | 0 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Background
### Host selection process {#host_selection_process}
The NFL awarded Super Bowl XIV to Pasadena on June 14, 1977, at the owners\' meetings held in New York City. For the first time since 1973, multiple Super Bowl host sites were selected at the same meeting. A total of eight cities sub... | 673 | Super Bowl XIV | 1 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Background
### Pittsburgh Steelers {#pittsburgh_steelers}
The Steelers won the AFC Central with a 12--4 regular season record (including 8--0 at home), and advanced to their second consecutive Super Bowl and their fourth appearance in the last six seasons. Pittsburgh appeared to be even better tha... | 847 | Super Bowl XIV | 2 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Broadcasting
CBS televised the game in the United States with play-by-play announcer Pat Summerall and color commentator Tom Brookshier. Brent Musburger hosted CBS\'s pregame coverage with the *NFL Today* crew of Irv Cross (who joined Musburger in the Pittsburgh Steelers locker room), Jayne Kenned... | 345 | Super Bowl XIV | 3 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Entertainment
The Los Angeles Unified School District All-City Band played during the pregame ceremonies. Later, actress and singer Cheryl Ladd performed the national anthem. The coin toss ceremony featured longtime Steelers owner Art Rooney.
The performance event group Up with People performed d... | 486 | Super Bowl XIV | 4 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Second quarter {#second_quarter}
The second period opened with Bradshaw\'s 13-yard completion to Cunningham to reach the Los Angeles 5-yard line, and then Harris ran through the middle to the 4. Wide receiver John Stallworth was then stopped at the 1-yard line, but... | 411 | Super Bowl XIV | 5 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Third quarter {#third_quarter}
The heavily favored Steelers trailed at the end of the half. \"How can you mess up this way?\" Steelers assistant coach Woody Widenhofer asked his team at halftime. \"Didn\'t we go over these things a dozen times? You guys are standin... | 432 | Super Bowl XIV | 6 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Fourth quarter {#fourth_quarter}
After being forced to punt to start the final period, with 12:59 left in the game, Rams punter Ken Clark\'s 59-yard punt planted Pittsburgh back to their own 25-yard line. Then faced with 3rd-and-8, Steelers head coach Chuck Noll ca... | 573 | Super Bowl XIV | 7 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Game summary {#game_summary}
### Aftermath
The city of Pittsburgh celebrated its third major pro championship in 13 months. The Steelers had also won the previous year\'s Super Bowl, and the city\'s Major League Baseball team, the Pirates, had won the World Series three months before this Super Bo... | 1,015 | Super Bowl XIV | 8 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Final statistics {#final_statistics}
Sources: [NFL.com Super Bowl XIV](http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/boxscore/sbxiv) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709212817/http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/history/boxscore/sbxiv |date=July 9, 2018 }}`{=mediawiki}, [Super Bowl XIV Play Find... | 744 | Super Bowl XIV | 9 |
29,140 | # Super Bowl XIV
## Starting lineups {#starting_lineups}
Source:
Los Angeles Position Pittsburgh
------------------ ---------- -------------------
**Offense**
Billy Waddy WR John Stallworth‡
Doug France LT Jon Kolb
Kent Hill LG Sa... | 291 | Super Bowl XIV | 10 |
29,141 | # Super Bowl XV
**Super Bowl XV** was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Oakland Raiders and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1980 season. The Raiders defeated the Eagles by t... | 263 | Super Bowl XV | 0 |
29,141 | # Super Bowl XV
## Background
### Host selection process {#host_selection_process}
The NFL awarded Super Bowl XV to New Orleans on March 13, 1979, at the owners\' meetings in Honolulu. For the first time, three Super Bowl host cities were deliberated and selected at the same meeting (XV, XVI, and XVII). A total of e... | 1,104 | Super Bowl XV | 1 |
29,141 | # Super Bowl XV
## Background
### Playoffs
The Eagles advanced through the playoffs, defeating the Minnesota Vikings, 31--16, and the Dallas Cowboys, 20--7.
Meanwhile, Plunkett and the Raiders defeated the Houston Oilers 27--7, the Cleveland Browns 14--12 (on a play known as Red Right 88), and the San Diego Chargers... | 669 | Super Bowl XV | 2 |
29,141 | # Super Bowl XV
## Entertainment
The pregame festivities honored the end of the Iran hostage crisis (which was announced 5 days before the game), and featured a performance by the Southern University band. A large yellow bow 80 ft long and 30 ft wide was attached to the outside of the Superdome, while miniature bows ... | 751 | Super Bowl XV | 3 |
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