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33,900 | # William Bligh
## Voyage of *Bounty* {#voyage_of_bounty}
### Mutiny
Because the vessel was rated only as a cutter, *Bounty* had no commissioned officers other than Bligh (who was then only a lieutenant), a very small crew, and no Royal Marines to provide protection from hostile natives during stops or to enforce sec... | 818 | William Bligh | 3 |
33,900 | # William Bligh
## Voyage of *Bounty* {#voyage_of_bounty}
### Possible causes of the mutiny {#possible_causes_of_the_mutiny}
The reasons behind the mutiny are still debated; some sources report that Bligh was a tyrant whose abuse of the crew led them to feel that they had no choice but to take over the ship. Other so... | 933 | William Bligh | 4 |
33,900 | # William Bligh
## Voyage of *Bounty* {#voyage_of_bounty}
### Aftermath
In October 1790, Bligh was honourably acquitted at the court-martial inquiring into the loss of *Bounty.* Shortly thereafter, he published *A Narrative of the Mutiny on board His Majesty\'s Ship \"Bounty\"; And the Subsequent Voyage of Part of th... | 1,019 | William Bligh | 5 |
33,900 | # William Bligh
## Later life {#later_life}
In February 1797, while Bligh was captain of `{{HMS|Director|1784|6}}`{=mediawiki}, he surveyed the Humber estuary, preparing a map of the stretch from Spurn to the west of Sunk Island. In April--May, Bligh was one of the captains whose crews mutinied over \"issues of pay a... | 1,115 | William Bligh | 6 |
33,900 | # William Bligh
## Later life {#later_life}
### Final years and death {#final_years_and_death}
Bligh was recruited to chart and map Dublin Bay, and recommended the building walls for a refuge harbour at what was then known as Dunleary; the large harbour and naval base subsequently built there between 1816 and 1821 wa... | 325 | William Bligh | 7 |
33,900 | # William Bligh
## Legacy
Bligh\'s reputation as the archetypal bad commander remains though several historians\' attempts to portray Bligh more sympathetically are those of Richard Hough (1972) and Caroline Alexander (2003).
Bligh\'s logbooks documenting the mutiny were inscribed on the UNESCO Australian Memory of ... | 319 | William Bligh | 8 |
33,901 | # WIYN Consortium
**WIYN Consortium** founding members were the University of Wisconsin--Madison (W), Indiana University (I), Yale University (Y), and the National Optical Astronomy Observatories (N). Yale University withdrew from the WIYN consortium on April 1, 2014, and was replaced by the University of Missouri in ... | 147 | WIYN Consortium | 0 |
33,907 | # William Ashbless
\_\_notoc\_\_ **William Ashbless** is a fictional poet, invented by fantasy writers James Blaylock and Tim Powers.
## Invention
Ashbless was invented by Powers and Blaylock when they were students at California State University, Fullerton in the early 1970s, originally as a reaction to the low qua... | 454 | William Ashbless | 0 |
33,913 | # William Abbot (actor)
**William Abbot** or **Abbott** (12 June 1790 -- 1 June 1843) was an English actor, and a theatrical manager, both in England and the United States.
## Life
Abbot was born in Chelsea just outside London, and made his first appearance on the stage at Bath in 1806, and his first London appearan... | 297 | William Abbot (actor) | 0 |
33,914 | # Web indexing
**Web indexing**, or **Internet indexing**, comprises methods for indexing the contents of a website or of the Internet as a whole. Individual websites or intranets may use a back-of-the-book index, while search engines usually use keywords and metadata to provide a more useful vocabulary for Internet o... | 196 | Web indexing | 0 |
33,918 | # William II of England
**William II** (*Williame*; c. 1057 -- 2 August 1100) was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred ... | 516 | William II of England | 0 |
33,918 | # William II of England
## England and France {#england_and_france}
thumb\|upright=1.4\|Engraving of the Great Seal of William II
The division of William the Conqueror\'s lands into two parts upon his death presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the English Channel. Since the younger Wil... | 370 | William II of England | 1 |
33,918 | # William II of England
## Religion
Less than two years after becoming king, William II lost his father\'s adviser and confidant, the Italian-Norman Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury. After Lanfranc\'s death in 1089, the king delayed appointing a new archbishop for many years, appropriating ecclesiastical revenues i... | 438 | William II of England | 2 |
33,918 | # William II of England
## War and rebellion {#war_and_rebellion}
William Rufus inherited the Anglo-Norman settlement detailed in the Domesday Book of 1086, a survey undertaken at his father\'s command, essentially for the purposes of taxation, which was an example of the control of the English monarchy. If he was le... | 442 | William II of England | 3 |
33,918 | # William II of England
## Death
William went hunting on 2 August 1100 in the New Forest, probably near Brockenhurst, and was killed by an arrow through the lung, although the circumstances remain unclear. The earliest statement of the event was in the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle*, which noted that the king was \"shot by ... | 704 | William II of England | 4 |
33,918 | # William II of England
## Rufus Stone {#rufus_stone}
A stone known as the \"Rufus Stone\", close to the A31 near the village of Minstead (`{{gbmapping|SU270124}}`{=mediawiki}), is claimed to mark the spot where William fell. The claim that this is the location of his death appears to date from no earlier than a 17th... | 325 | William II of England | 5 |
33,918 | # William II of England
## Contemporary assessment {#contemporary_assessment}
William was an effective soldier, but he was a ruthless ruler and, it seems, was little liked by those he governed. According to the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle*, he was \"hated by almost all his people and abhorrent to God.\" Chroniclers tended... | 550 | William II of England | 6 |
33,926 | # Walnut ink
**Walnut ink** is an ink made from the green husk surrounding the nut of walnuts. The black walnut *Juglans nigra* is usually used. The ink may be liquid or made of crystals that are mixed with water before use. It can be used to produce stains and darken paper to make it look older. The ink has good arch... | 98 | Walnut ink | 0 |
33,931 | # Weight
In science and engineering, the **weight** of an object is a quantity associated with the gravitational force exerted on the object by other objects in its environment, although there is some variation and debate as to the exact definition.
Some standard textbooks define weight as a vector quantity, the grav... | 412 | Weight | 0 |
33,931 | # Weight
## History
Discussion of the concepts of heaviness (weight) and lightness (levity) date back to the ancient Greek philosophers. These were typically viewed as inherent properties of objects. Plato described weight as the natural tendency of objects to seek their kin. To Aristotle, weight and levity represent... | 736 | Weight | 1 |
33,931 | # Weight
## Definitions
Several definitions exist for *weight*, not all of which are equivalent.
### Gravitational definition {#gravitational_definition}
The most common definition of weight found in introductory physics textbooks defines weight as the force exerted on a body by gravity. This is often expressed in ... | 911 | Weight | 2 |
33,931 | # Weight
## Mass
In modern scientific usage, weight and mass are fundamentally different quantities: mass is an intrinsic property of matter, whereas weight is a *force* that results from the action of gravity on matter: it measures how strongly the force of gravity pulls on that matter. However, in most practical ev... | 860 | Weight | 3 |
33,931 | # Weight
## Measuring
Weight is commonly measured using one of two methods. A spring scale or hydraulic or pneumatic scale measures local weight, the local force of gravity on the object (strictly *apparent* weight force). Since the local force of gravity can vary by up to 0.5% at different locations, spring scales w... | 640 | Weight | 4 |
33,943 | # William (archbishop of Mainz)
**William** (929 -- 2 March 968) was Archbishop of Mainz from 17 December 954 until his death. He was the son of the Emperor Otto I the Great and a Wendish mother.
On 17 December 954, he was appointed to the archbishopric of Mainz following the death of the rebellious former archbishop... | 123 | William (archbishop of Mainz) | 0 |
33,952 | # Willi Hennig
**Emil Hans Willi Hennig** (20 April 1913 -- 5 November 1976) was a German biologist and zoologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, otherwise known as cladistics. In 1945 as a prisoner of war, Hennig began work on his theory of cladistics, which he published in German in 1950, ... | 1,252 | Willi Hennig | 0 |
33,952 | # Willi Hennig
## Biography
### 1961 to 1976 {#to_1976}
In West Berlin, Hennig was given an interim post at the Technische Universität Berlin as Distinguished Professor. He rejected offers from the U.S. Department of Agriculture in Washington, D.C., and an offer made by his friend Elmo Hardy, to become a Research Fel... | 591 | Willi Hennig | 1 |
33,952 | # Willi Hennig
## Selected works {#selected_works}
Books:
- *Die Larvenformen der Dipteren,* 3 vols., Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1948-1952.
- *Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik,* Berlin: Deutscher Zentralverlag, 1950.
- *Phylogenetic Systematics,* translated by D. Davis and R. Zangerl, Urba... | 364 | Willi Hennig | 2 |
33,955 | # WordNet
**WordNet** is a lexical database of semantic relations between words that links words into semantic relations including synonyms, hyponyms, and meronyms. The synonyms are grouped into *synsets* with short definitions and usage examples. It can thus be seen as a combination and extension of a dictionary and ... | 295 | WordNet | 0 |
33,955 | # WordNet
## Database contents {#database_contents}
The database contains 155,327 words organized in 175,979 synsets for a total of 207,016 word-sense pairs; in compressed form, it is about 12 megabytes in size.
It includes the lexical categories nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs but ignores prepositions, determi... | 882 | WordNet | 1 |
33,955 | # WordNet
## As a lexical ontology {#as_a_lexical_ontology}
WordNet is sometimes called an ontology, a persistent claim that its creators do not make. The hypernym/hyponym relationships among the noun synsets can be interpreted as specialization relations among conceptual categories. In other words, WordNet can be in... | 283 | WordNet | 2 |
33,955 | # WordNet
## Limitations
The most widely discussed limitation of WordNet (and related resources like ImageNet) is that some of the semantic relations are more suited to concrete concepts than to abstract concepts. For example, it is easy to create hyponyms/hypernym relationships to capture that a \"conifer\" is a typ... | 688 | WordNet | 3 |
33,955 | # WordNet
## Related projects and extensions {#related_projects_and_extensions}
WordNet is connected to several databases of the Semantic Web. WordNet is also commonly reused via mappings between the WordNet synsets and the categories from ontologies. Most often, only the top-level categories of WordNet are mapped.
... | 604 | WordNet | 4 |
33,955 | # WordNet
## Related projects and extensions {#related_projects_and_extensions}
### Linked data {#linked_data}
- BabelNet, a very large multilingual semantic network with millions of concepts obtained by integrating WordNet and Wikipedia using an automatic mapping algorithm.
- The SUMO ontology has a complete man... | 580 | WordNet | 5 |
33,957 | # Palace of Culture and Science
The **Palace of Culture and Science** (*Pałac Kultury i Nauki*; abbreviated ***PKiN***) is a notable high-rise building in central Warsaw, Poland. With a total height of 237 m, it is the second tallest building in both Warsaw and Poland (after the Varso Tower), the sixth tallest buildin... | 353 | Palace of Culture and Science | 0 |
33,957 | # Palace of Culture and Science
## History
### Construction
The agreement to construct the tower was signed between the governments of the Polish People\'s Republic and the Soviet Union on 5 April 1952. It was offered as a gift to the people of Poland. Upon its completion in 1955, it was dedicated to Joseph Stalin.
... | 512 | Palace of Culture and Science | 1 |
33,957 | # Palace of Culture and Science
## History
### Present day {#present_day}
The building currently serves as an exhibition centre and office complex. The Palace contains a multiplex cinema with eight screens (Kinoteka), four theatres (Studio, Dramatyczny, Lalka and 6. piętro), two museums (Museum of Evolution and Museu... | 441 | Palace of Culture and Science | 2 |
33,957 | # Palace of Culture and Science
## Fauna
The 42nd floor of the Palace is a nesting place for peregrine falcons. In 2009, cameras were installed at the site, with a live view from the nest being available on the website of the Association for Wild Animals Sokół. In 2016, after a five-year break, a pair of falcons had ... | 291 | Palace of Culture and Science | 3 |
33,967 | # Warren, Michigan
**Warren** is a city in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan. An inner-ring suburb of Detroit, Warren borders Detroit to the north, roughly 13 mi north of downtown Detroit. The population was 139,387 at the 2020 census, making Warren the largest community in Macomb County, the third-largest c... | 764 | Warren, Michigan | 0 |
33,967 | # Warren, Michigan
## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 34.434 sqmi, of which 34.377 sqmi is land and 0.057 sqmi is water. The city covers a 6 by square (from 8 Mile Road to 14 Mile Road, south to north) in the southwest corner of Macomb County (minus the city of Cen... | 447 | Warren, Michigan | 1 |
33,967 | # Warren, Michigan
## Demographics
### 2020 census
Race / ethnicity (*NH = non-Hispanic*) Pop. 2000 Pop. 2010 \% 2000 \% 2010
------------------------------------------------ ------------- ------------- ----------------------------------... | 687 | Warren, Michigan | 2 |
33,967 | # Warren, Michigan
## Demographics
### 2000 census {#census_2}
As of the 2000 census, there were 138,247 people, 55,551 households, and 36,719 families residing in the city. The population density was 4031.8 PD/sqmi. There were 57,249 housing units at an average density of 1669.6 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city ... | 693 | Warren, Michigan | 3 |
33,967 | # Warren, Michigan
## Government and infrastructure {#government_and_infrastructure}
### Municipal government {#municipal_government}
The Warren municipal government is composed of a mayor, city council, clerk, and various boards and commissions. Boards include the Zoning Board of Appeals, Board of Review, Employee ... | 769 | Warren, Michigan | 4 |
33,967 | # Warren, Michigan
## Health care {#health_care}
The headquarters of the St. John Providence Health System are in the St. John Providence Health Corporate Services Building in Warren.
## Religion
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Detroit operates Catholic Churches.
Our Lady of Grace Vietnamese Parish (*Gx Đức Mẹ B... | 434 | Warren, Michigan | 5 |
33,967 | # Warren, Michigan
## Transportation
### Unnumbered roads {#unnumbered_roads}
Mound Road is an important north--south artery in the city. East-west travel is mainly on the mile roads. Most notable are 8 Mile Road, which is on the southern border of Warren with Detroit; 11 Mile Road, which serves as a service drive fo... | 356 | Warren, Michigan | 6 |
33,986 | # War hammer
A **war hammer** (French: *martel-de-fer*, \"iron hammer\") is a weapon that was used by both foot soldiers and cavalry. It is a very old weapon and gave its name, owing to its constant use, to Judah Maccabee, a 2nd-century BC Jewish rebel, and to Charles Martel, one of the rulers of France. In the 15th a... | 528 | War hammer | 0 |
33,986 | # War hammer
## History
Full-fledged warhammers emerged in the mid-14th century as a direct response to the growing prevalence and effectiveness of plate armor on European battlefields. By 1395, French infantry deployed sophisticated warhammers equipped with thrusting tips, side flanges, and a basic beak, known as \"... | 471 | War hammer | 1 |
33,986 | # War hammer
## Gallery
<File:Lucas> Cranach the Younger - Prince Elector Moritz of Saxony - Google Art Project.jpg\|Maurice, Elector of Saxony wields a war hammer on a posthumous portrait <File:Paolo> Uccello 037.jpg\|Knight with war hammer (painting by Paolo Uccello) <File:War> hammer2.jpg\|War hammer <File:Warhamm... | 55 | War hammer | 2 |
33,992 | # Wulfstan of Hedeby
**Wulfstan of Hedeby** was a late ninth-century traveller and trader. His travel accounts, as well as those of another trader, Ohthere of Hålogaland, were included in the *Old English Orosius*. It is unclear if Wulfstan was English or indeed if he was from Hedeby, in what is now northern Germany n... | 317 | Wulfstan of Hedeby | 0 |
34,036 | # Area rule
The **Whitcomb area rule**, named after NACA engineer Richard Whitcomb and also called the **transonic area rule**, is a design procedure used to reduce an aircraft\'s drag at transonic speeds which occur between about Mach 0.75 and 1.2. For supersonic speeds a different procedure called the **supersonic a... | 548 | Area rule | 0 |
34,036 | # Area rule
## History
### Germany
The area rule was discovered by Otto Frenzl when comparing a swept wing with a w-wing with extreme high wave drag while working on a transonic wind tunnel at Junkers works in Germany between 1943 and 1945. He wrote a description on 17 December 1943, with the title *Anordnung von Ve... | 652 | Area rule | 1 |
34,036 | # Area rule
## Applications
The first aircraft where the area rule was consequently implemented was the German bomber testbed Junkers Ju-287 (1944). Other corresponding German designs were not completed due to the end of the war or even remained in the planning stage.
When the area rule was re-discovered by Whitcomb... | 684 | Area rule | 2 |
34,038 | # Word Grammar
**Word Grammar** is a theory of linguistics, developed by Richard Hudson since the 1980s. It started as a model of syntax, whose most distinctive characteristic is its use of dependency grammar, an approach to syntax in which the sentence\'s structure is almost entirely contained in the information abou... | 207 | Word Grammar | 0 |
34,053 | # Water turbine
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view.
A **water turbine** is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work.
Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to elec... | 1,232 | Water turbine | 0 |
34,053 | # Water turbine
## Theory of operation {#theory_of_operation}
Flowing water is directed on to the blades of a turbine runner, creating a force on the blades. Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a distance is the definition of work). In this way, energy is transferred ... | 613 | Water turbine | 1 |
34,053 | # Water turbine
## Types of water turbines {#types_of_water_turbines}
### Reaction turbines {#reaction_turbines_1}
- VLH turbine
- Francis turbine
- Kaplan turbine
- Tyson turbine
- Deriaz turbine
- Gorlov helical turbine
### Impulse turbine {#impulse_turbine}
- Water wheel
- Pelton wheel
- Turgo... | 560 | Water turbine | 2 |
34,053 | # Water turbine
## Control systems {#control_systems}
Different designs of governors have been used since the mid-18th century to control the speeds of the water turbines. A variety of flyball systems, or first-generation governors, were used during the first 100 years of water turbine speed controls. In early flybal... | 274 | Water turbine | 3 |
34,053 | # Water turbine
## Turbine blade materials {#turbine_blade_materials}
Given that the turbine blades in a water turbine are constantly exposed to water and dynamic forces, they need to have high corrosion resistance and strength. The most common material used in overlays on carbon steel runners in water turbines are a... | 566 | Water turbine | 4 |
34,061 | # Winter
**Winter** is the coldest and darkest season of the year in temperate and polar climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring. The tilt of Earth\'s axis causes seasons; winter occurs when a hemisphere is oriented away from the Sun. Different cultures define different dates as the start of winter, and som... | 586 | Winter | 0 |
34,061 | # Winter
## Meteorological reckoning {#meteorological_reckoning}
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Animation of snow cover changing with the seasons
**Meteorological reckoning** is the method of measuring the winter season used by meteorologists based on \"sensible weather patterns\" for record keeping purposes, so the start of m... | 364 | Winter | 1 |
34,061 | # Winter
## Astronomical and other calendar-based reckoning {#astronomical_and_other_calendar_based_reckoning}
In the Northern Hemisphere, some authorities define the period of **winter** based on astronomical fixed points (i.e., based solely on the position of the Earth in its orbit around the Sun), regardless of we... | 595 | Winter | 2 |
34,061 | # Winter
## Ecological reckoning and activity {#ecological_reckoning_and_activity}
Ecological reckoning of winter differs from calendar-based by avoiding the use of fixed dates. It is one of six seasons recognized by most ecologists who customarily use the term *hibernal* for this period of the year (the other ecolog... | 436 | Winter | 3 |
34,061 | # Winter
## Examples
### Exceptionally cold {#exceptionally_cold}
right\|thumb\|upright=1.2\|River Thames frost fair, 1683, with Old London Bridge in the background `{{More citations needed|section|date=November 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
- 1683--1684, \"The Great Frost\", when the Thames, hosting the River Thames frost... | 438 | Winter | 4 |
34,061 | # Winter
## Examples
### Historically significant {#historically_significant}
- 1310--1330: Many severe winters and cold, wet summers in Europe, the first clear manifestation of the unpredictable weather of the Little Ice Age that lasted for several centuries (from about 1300 to 1900). The persistently cold, wet we... | 625 | Winter | 5 |
34,061 | # Winter
## Mythology
In Persian culture, the winter solstice is called Yaldā (meaning: birth) and has been celebrated for thousands of years. It is referred to as the eve of the birth of Mithra, who symbolised light, goodness and strength on Earth.
In Greek mythology, Hades kidnapped Persephone to be his wife. Zeus... | 144 | Winter | 6 |
34,062 | # WAV
**Waveform Audio File Format** (**WAVE**, or **WAV** due to its filename extension; pronounced `{{IPAc-en|w|æ|v|}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{IPAc-en|w|eɪ|v|}}`{=mediawiki} ) is an audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on personal computers. The format was developed and published for the first time i... | 327 | WAV | 0 |
34,062 | # WAV
## File specifications {#file_specifications}
### RIFF
A RIFF file is a tagged file format. It has a specific container format (a *chunk*) with a header that includes a four-character tag (FourCC) and the size (number of bytes) of the chunk. The tag specifies how the data within the chunk should be interpreted... | 401 | WAV | 1 |
34,062 | # WAV
## File specifications {#file_specifications}
### RIFF WAVE {#riff_wave}
The top-level definition of a WAV file is:
<WAVE-form> → RIFF('WAVE'
<fmt-ck> // Format of the file
[<fact-ck>] // Fact chunk
[<cue-ck>] ... | 820 | WAV | 2 |
34,062 | # WAV
## Popularity
Uncompressed WAV files are large, so file sharing of WAV files over the Internet is uncommon except among video, music and audio professionals. The high resolution of the format makes it suitable for retaining first generation archived files of high quality, for use on a system where disk space an... | 590 | WAV | 3 |
34,074 | # Witold Gombrowicz
**Witold Marian Gombrowicz** (August 4, 1904 -- July 24, 1969) was a Polish writer and playwright. His works are characterised by deep psychological analysis, a certain sense of paradox and absurd, anti-nationalist flavor. In 1937, he published his first novel, *Ferdydurke*, which presented many of... | 494 | Witold Gombrowicz | 0 |
34,074 | # Witold Gombrowicz
## Biography
### Exile in Argentina {#exile_in_argentina}
Just before the outbreak of the Second World War, Gombrowicz took part in the maiden voyage of the Polish transatlantic liner MS Chrobry to South America. When he learned of the outbreak of war in Europe, he decided to wait in Buenos Aires ... | 660 | Witold Gombrowicz | 1 |
34,074 | # Witold Gombrowicz
## Writing
Gombrowicz wrote in Polish, but he did not allow his works to be published in Poland until the authorities lifted the ban on the unabridged version of *Dziennik*, his diary, in which he described their attacks on him. Because he refused publication in Poland, he remained largely unknown... | 969 | Witold Gombrowicz | 2 |
34,074 | # Witold Gombrowicz
## Style
Gombrowicz\'s works are characterised by deep psychological analysis, a certain sense of paradox, and an absurd, anti-nationalist flavor. *Ferdydurke* presents many themes explored in his later work: the problems of immaturity and youth, the masks people wear, and an ironic, critical exam... | 135 | Witold Gombrowicz | 3 |
34,082 | # Windows Media Audio
**Windows Media Audio** (**WMA**) is a series of audio codecs and their corresponding audio coding formats developed by Microsoft. It is a proprietary technology that forms part of the Windows Media framework. Audio encoded in WMA is stored in a digital container format called Advanced Systems Fo... | 655 | Windows Media Audio | 0 |
34,082 | # Windows Media Audio
## Codecs
Each WMA file features a single audio track in one of the four sub-formats: WMA, WMA Pro, WMA Lossless, or WMA Voice. These formats are implemented differently from one another, such that they are technically distinct and mutually incompatible; that is to say, a device or software comp... | 621 | Windows Media Audio | 1 |
34,082 | # Windows Media Audio
## Codecs
### Windows Media Audio Professional {#windows_media_audio_professional}
**Windows Media Audio Professional** (WMA Pro) is an improved lossy codec closely related to WMA standards. It retains most of the same general coding features, but also features improved entropy coding and quanti... | 475 | Windows Media Audio | 2 |
34,082 | # Windows Media Audio
## Codecs
### Windows Media Audio Lossless {#windows_media_audio_lossless}
As part of the Windows Media 9 series, Microsoft introduced **Windows Media Audio Lossless** in early 2003, a lossless audio format sharing the .wma file extension as its lossy counterparts. It is designed to store a digi... | 515 | Windows Media Audio | 3 |
34,082 | # Windows Media Audio
## Sound quality {#sound_quality}
: *See codec listening test for a table of double-blind listening test results.*
Microsoft claims that audio encoded with WMA sounds better than MP3 at the same bit rate; Microsoft also claims that audio encoded with WMA at lower bit rates sound better than M... | 392 | Windows Media Audio | 4 |
34,082 | # Windows Media Audio
## Sound quality {#sound_quality}
### Criticism of claimed quality {#criticism_of_claimed_quality}
Microsoft\'s claims of WMA sound quality have frequently drawn complaints. \"Some audiophiles challenge Microsoft\'s claims regarding WMA\'s quality\", according to a published article from EDN. An... | 410 | Windows Media Audio | 5 |
34,082 | # Windows Media Audio
## Encoders
There are many proprietary and open source software packages that can export audio in WMA format, including amongst many others Windows Media Player, Windows Movie Maker, Microsoft Expression Encoder, Sony Sound Forge, GOM Player, RealPlayer, Adobe Premiere Pro, Adobe Audition, Adobe... | 179 | Windows Media Audio | 6 |
34,086 | # Warlock
A **warlock** is a male practitioner of witchcraft.
## Etymology and terminology {#etymology_and_terminology}
The most commonly accepted etymology derives *warlock* from the Old English *wǣrloga*, which meant \"breaker of oaths\" or \"deceiver\". The term came to apply specially to the devil around 1000 AD... | 244 | Warlock | 0 |
34,110 | # Worldwatch Institute
Worldwatch}}
The **Worldwatch Institute** was a globally focused environmental research organization based in Washington, D.C., founded by Lester R. Brown. Worldwatch was named as one of the top ten sustainable development research organizations by Globescan Survey of Sustainability Experts.
B... | 466 | Worldwatch Institute | 0 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
**Xenophobia** (from *ξένος\]\]* (*xénos\]\]*), \'strange, foreign, or alien\', and `{{wikt-lang|grc|φόβος}}`{=mediawiki} (*phóbos*), \'fear\') is the fear or dislike of anything that is perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression that is based on the perception that a conflict exists betwe... | 578 | Xenophobia | 0 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Americas
#### Brazil
Despite the majority of the country\'s population being of mixed (Pardo), African, or indigenous heritage, depictions of non-European Brazilians on the programming of most national television networks is scarce and typically... | 990 | Xenophobia | 1 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Asia
#### Bhutan
In 1991--92, Bhutan is said to have deported between 10,000 and 100,000 ethnic Nepalis (Lhotshampa). The actual number of refugees who were initially deported is debated by both sides. In March 2008, this population began a multi... | 1,216 | Xenophobia | 2 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Asia
#### South Korea {#south_korea}
Xenophobia in South Korea has been recognized by scholars and the United Nations as a widespread social problem. An increase in immigration to South Korea since the 2000s catalyzed more overt expressions of rac... | 290 | Xenophobia | 3 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Middle East {#middle_east}
In 2008, a Pew Research Center survey found that negative views concerning Jews were most common in the three predominantly Arab nations which were polled, with 97% of Lebanese having an unfavorable opinion of Jews, 95% ... | 1,210 | Xenophobia | 4 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Europe
A study that ran from 2002 to 2015 mapped the countries in Europe with the highest incidents of racial bias towards black people, based on data from 288,076 white Europeans. It used the Implicit-association test (a reaction-based psychologi... | 1,287 | Xenophobia | 5 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Europe
#### Norway
In 2010, the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation after one year of research, revealed that antisemitism was common among Norwegian Muslims. Teachers at schools with large shares of Muslims revealed that Muslim students often \"pr... | 1,119 | Xenophobia | 6 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Europe
#### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
The extent and the targets of xenophobic attitudes in the United Kingdom have varied over time. It has resulted in cases of discrimination, riots and racially motivated murders. Racism and Xenophobia we... | 352 | Xenophobia | 7 |
34,141 | # Xenophobia
## Regional manifestations {#regional_manifestations}
### Africa
#### Ivory Coast {#ivory_coast}
Ivory Coast has an history of ethnic tribal hatred and religious intolerance. In addition to the many victims among the various tribes of the northern and southern regions of the country that have perished i... | 1,054 | Xenophobia | 8 |
34,153 | # DAX
The **DAX** (*Deutscher Aktienindex* (German stock index); `{{IPA|de|daks|-|De-DAX.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a stock market index consisting of the 40 major German blue chip companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It is a total return index. Prices are taken from the Xetra trading venue. According to Deu... | 425 | DAX | 0 |
34,153 | # DAX
## Annual returns {#annual_returns}
The following collapsible table shows the annual development of the DAX, calculated retroactively up to 1950.
+----------+---------------+------------------+------------------+
| Year | Closing level | Change in Index\ | Change in Index\ |
| | | in... | 795 | DAX | 1 |
34,153 | # DAX
## Components
Below is the list of companies which are a component of the DAX 40, as of 20 March 2023. The current stock prices and list of DAX companies are available from financial websites. The index weighting refers to the DAX performance index.
Logo Company Prime Standard Sector Ti... | 353 | DAX | 2 |
34,153 | # DAX
## Former DAX components {#former_dax_components}
This table lists former DAX components and the companies which replaced them.
+------------+-------------------------+------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 1,032 | DAX | 3 |
34,160 | # Xingu River
The **Xingu River** (`{{IPAc-en|ʃ|ɪ|ŋ|ˈ|ɡ|uː}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|shing|GOO}}`{=mediawiki}; *Rio Xingu* `{{IPA|pt-BR|ˈʁi.u ʃĩˈɡu|}}`{=mediawiki}; *Byti* `{{IPA|txu|bɯˈti|}}`{=mediawiki}) is a 1,640 km river in north Brazil. It is a southeast tributary of the Amazon River and one of the largest clear... | 487 | Xingu River | 0 |
34,168 | # Xenogears
***Xenogears*** is a 1998 role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the PlayStation video game console. It is the debut entry in the larger *Xeno* franchise. The gameplay of *Xenogears* revolves around navigating 3D environments both on-foot and using humanoid mecha dubbed \"Gears\". Co... | 328 | Xenogears | 0 |
34,168 | # Xenogears
## Gameplay
*Xenogears* combines traditional role-playing video game structures such as Square\'s signature Active Time Battle system with new features particular to the game\'s martial arts combat style. It features two slightly different battle systems: in the first, the player controls human characters... | 496 | Xenogears | 1 |
34,168 | # Xenogears
## Plot
### Setting
*Xenogears* initially takes place on Ignas, the largest continent of the *Xenogears* world and the site of a centuries-long war between the nations of Aveh and Kislev. A church-like organization known as the Ethos has excavated gears, giant robot suits, for the preservation of the wor... | 544 | Xenogears | 2 |
34,168 | # Xenogears
## Plot
### Story
*Xenogears* centers around the protagonist Fei Fong Wong, an adopted young male in the village of Lahan, brought by a mysterious \"masked man\" three years ago. The events surrounding Fei\'s arrival at the village cause him to have retrograde amnesia. During an attack on Lahan from Geble... | 1,474 | Xenogears | 3 |
34,168 | # Xenogears
## Development
*Xenogears* was produced by Hiromichi Tanaka, who previously worked on the SNES game *Secret of Mana*. The scenario of the game was written by director Tetsuya Takahashi and by Kaori Tanaka. Yasuyuki Honne served as art director, while Kunihiko Tanaka was responsible for the character desig... | 761 | Xenogears | 4 |
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