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34,432 | # Politics of Zambia
## Political history {#political_history}
### 2001--2008
In the 2006 presidential election was hotly contested, with Mwanawasa being re-elected by a clear margin over principal challengers Michael Sata of the Patriotic Front and Hakainde Hichilema of the United Party for National Development (UPN... | 727 | Politics of Zambia | 3 |
34,432 | # Politics of Zambia
## Executive branch {#executive_branch}
The executive branch of the Zambian government is vested in the president who is elected in a two round system. Presidents serve terms of five years and are limited to two terms.
Prior to the 2016 Constitutional Amendment the Zambian vice-president was app... | 376 | Politics of Zambia | 4 |
34,432 | # Politics of Zambia
## Foreign relations {#foreign_relations}
Zambia is a member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), the Commonwealth, the African Union (and its predecessor the Organization of African Unity or OAU), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Common Market for Africa (COMA), which is ... | 298 | Politics of Zambia | 5 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
The **Zilog Z80** is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog that played an important role in the evolution of early personal computing. Launched in 1976, it was designed to be software-compatible with the Intel 8080, offering a compelling alternative due to its better integration and increased performan... | 334 | Zilog Z80 | 0 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## History
thumb\|upright=1.5\|A May 1976 advertisement for the Z80 outlines its major advantages over the 8080. thumb\|upright=1.5\|Photo of the original Zilog Z80 microprocessor design in depletion-load nMOS. Total die size is 3545×3350 μm. The blue squares around the outside are the pads that connect t... | 425 | Zilog Z80 | 1 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## History
### Exxon investment, detailed development begins {#exxon_investment_detailed_development_begins}
While still being set up, the industry newsletter *Electronic News* heard of them and published a story on the newly formed company. This attracted the attention of Exxon Enterprises, Exxon\'s high... | 742 | Zilog Z80 | 2 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## History
### Comparison with the 8080 {#comparison_with_the_8080}
Faggin designed the instruction set to be binary compatible with the 8080 so that most 8080 code, notably the CP/M operating system and Intel\'s PL/M compiler for 8080 (as well as its generated code), would run unmodified on the new Z80 C... | 505 | Zilog Z80 | 3 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## History
### Success in the market {#success_in_the_market}
The Z80 took over from the 8080 and its offspring, the 8085, in the processor market and became one of the most popular and widely used 8-bit CPUs. Some organizations such as British Telecom remained loyal to the 8085 for embedded applications,... | 464 | Zilog Z80 | 4 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Programming model and register set {#programming_model_and_register_set}
thumb\|upright=1.95\|An approximate block diagram of the Z80: There is no dedicated adder for offsets or separate incrementer for R, and no need for more than a single 16-bit temporary register WZ (although the increme... | 769 | Zilog Z80 | 5 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Programming model and register set {#programming_model_and_register_set}
#### Registers
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
... | 667 | Zilog Z80 | 6 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Z80 assembly language {#z80_assembly_language}
#### Datapoint 2200 and Intel 8008 {#datapoint_2200_and_intel_8008}
The first Intel 8008 assembly language was based on a simple (but systematic) syntax inherited from the Datapoint 2200 design. This original syntax was later transformed into a... | 1,266 | Zilog Z80 | 7 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Instruction set and encoding {#instruction_set_and_encoding}
The Z80 uses 252 out of the available 256 codes as single byte opcodes (\"root instruction\" most of which are inherited from the 8080); the four remaining codes are used extensively as opcode prefixes: CB and ED enable extra instr... | 1,325 | Zilog Z80 | 8 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Instruction set and encoding {#instruction_set_and_encoding}
The 10-year-newer microcoded Z180 design could initially afford more \"chip area\", permitting a slightly more efficient implementation (using a wider ALU, among other things); similar things can be said for the Z800, Z280, and Z38... | 438 | Zilog Z80 | 9 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Instruction set and encoding {#instruction_set_and_encoding}
#### Bugs
The `{{code|OTDR}}`{=mediawiki} instruction does not conform to the Z80 documentation. Both the `{{code|OTDR}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{code|OTIR}}`{=mediawiki} instructions are supposed to leave the carry (C) flag unmodified.... | 73 | Zilog Z80 | 10 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Example code {#example_code}
The following Z80 assembly source code is for a subroutine named `memcpy` that copies a block of data bytes of a given size from one location to another. Important: the example code does not handle the case where the destination block overlaps the source; a serio... | 465 | Zilog Z80 | 11 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Design
### Instruction execution {#instruction_execution}
Each instruction is executed in steps that are usually termed machine cycles (M-cycles), each of which can take between three and six clock periods (T-states). Each M-cycle corresponds roughly to one memory access or internal operation. Multiple... | 1,031 | Zilog Z80 | 12 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Notable uses {#notable_uses}
### Desktop computers {#desktop_computers}
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the Z80 was used in a great number of fairly anonymous business-oriented machines with the CP/M operating system, a combination that dominated the market at the time. Four well-known examples... | 557 | Zilog Z80 | 13 |
34,461 | # Zilog Z80
## Notable uses {#notable_uses}
### Embedded systems and consumer electronics {#embedded_systems_and_consumer_electronics}
The Zilog Z80 has long been a popular microprocessor in embedded systems and microcontroller cores, where it remains in widespread use today. Applications of the Z80 include uses in c... | 455 | Zilog Z80 | 14 |
34,468 | # Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)
**Zechariah** was a person in the Hebrew Bible traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.
## Prophet
The Book of Zechariah introduces him as the son of Berechiah, the son of Iddo. The Book of Ezra names Zechariah as the son of... | 238 | Zechariah (Hebrew prophet) | 0 |
34,474 | # Nguni stick-fighting
**Nguni stick-fighting** (also known as *donga*, or *dlala \'nduku*, which literally translates as \'playing sticks\') is a martial art traditionally practiced by teenage Nguni herdboys in South Africa. Each combatant is armed with two long sticks, one of which is used for defense and the other ... | 346 | Nguni stick-fighting | 0 |
34,477 | # Ziegler–Natta catalyst
A **Ziegler--Natta catalyst**, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes (alpha-olefins). Two broad classes of Ziegler--Natta catalysts are employed, distinguished by their solubility:
- Heterogeneous supported catalysts based on... | 626 | Ziegler–Natta catalyst | 0 |
34,477 | # Ziegler–Natta catalyst
## Classes
### Heterogeneous catalysts {#heterogeneous_catalysts}
The first and dominant class of titanium-based catalysts (and some vanadium-based catalysts) for alkene polymerization can be roughly subdivided into two subclasses:
- catalysts suitable for homopolymerization of ethylene a... | 461 | Ziegler–Natta catalyst | 1 |
34,477 | # Ziegler–Natta catalyst
## Mechanism of Ziegler--Natta polymerization {#mechanism_of_zieglernatta_polymerization}
The structure of active centers in Ziegler--Natta catalysts is well established only for metallocene catalysts. An idealized and simplified metallocene complex Cp~2~ZrCl~2~ represents a typical precataly... | 321 | Ziegler–Natta catalyst | 2 |
34,499 | # Zlib
**zlib** (`{{IPAc-en|'|z|i:|l|I|b}}`{=mediawiki} or \"zeta-lib\", `{{IPAc-en|'|z|i:|t|@|,|l|I|b}}`{=mediawiki}) is a software library used for data compression as well as a data format. zlib was written by Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler and is an abstraction of the DEFLATE compression algorithm used in their g... | 521 | Zlib | 0 |
34,499 | # Zlib
## Applications
Today, zlib is something of a *de facto* standard, to the point that zlib and DEFLATE are often used interchangeably in standards documents, with thousands of applications relying on it for compression, either directly or indirectly. These include:
- The Linux kernel, where zlib is used to i... | 463 | Zlib | 1 |
34,505 | # Z-machine
The **Z-machine** is a virtual machine that was developed by Joel Berez and Marc Blank in 1979 and used by Infocom for its text adventure games. Infocom compiled game code to files containing Z-machine instructions (called story files or Z-code files) and could therefore port its text adventures to a new p... | 638 | Z-machine | 0 |
34,505 | # Z-machine
## History and design {#history_and_design}
### Graham Nelson and *Inform* {#graham_nelson_and_inform}
In May 1993, Graham Nelson released the first version of his *Inform* compiler, which also generates Z-machine story files as its output, even though the Inform source language is quite different from ZI... | 456 | Z-machine | 1 |
34,505 | # Z-machine
## Interpreters
Interpreters for Z-code files are available on a wide variety of platforms. The Inform website lists links to freely available interpreters for 15 desktop operating systems (including 8-bit microcomputers from the 1980s such as the Apple II, TRS-80, and `{{nowrap|[[ZX Spectrum]]}}`{=mediaw... | 294 | Z-machine | 2 |
34,519 | # Żarnowiec
**Żarnowiec** `{{IPAc-pl|ż|a|r|'|n|o|w|J|e|c}}`{=mediawiki} is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krokowa, within Puck County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.`{{TERYT}}`{=mediawiki} It lies approximately 5 km west of Krokowa, 23 km north-west of Puck, and 59 km north-west of the ... | 508 | Żarnowiec | 0 |
34,523 | # Zhu Shijie
**Zhu Shijie** (`{{zh|t=朱世傑|s=朱世杰|p=Zhū Shìjié|w='''Chu Shih-chieh'''}}`{=mediawiki}, 1249--1314), courtesy name **Hanqing** (*漢卿*), pseudonym **Songting** (*松庭*), was a Chinese mathematician and writer during the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu was born close to today\'s Beijing. Two of his mathematical works have sur... | 420 | Zhu Shijie | 0 |
34,532 | # List of zeta functions
In mathematics, a **zeta function** is (usually) a function analogous to the original example, the Riemann zeta function
: $\zeta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1 {n^s}.$
Zeta functions include:
- Airy zeta function, related to the zeros of the Airy function
- Arakawa--Kaneko zeta funct... | 313 | List of zeta functions | 0 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
**Zhang Heng** (`{{zh|t={{linktext|張|衡}}}}`{=mediawiki}; AD 78--139), formerly romanized **Chang Heng**, was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang\'an, he achieved success as an astronomer, mathematician, ... | 337 | Zhang Heng | 0 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Life
### Early life {#early_life}
Born in the town of Xi\'e in Nanyang Commandery (north of the modern Nanyang City in Henan province), Zhang Heng came from a distinguished but not affluent family. His grandfather Zhang Kan (*張堪*) had been governor of a commandery and one of the leaders who supported... | 385 | Zhang Heng | 1 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Life
### Official career {#official_career}
In 112, Zhang was summoned to the court of Emperor An (r. 106--125), who had heard of his expertise in mathematics. When he was nominated to serve at the capital, Zhang was escorted by carriage---a symbol of his official status---to Luoyang, where he became ... | 1,018 | Zhang Heng | 2 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Literature and poetry {#literature_and_poetry}
While working for the central court, Zhang Heng had access to a variety of written materials located in the Archives of the Eastern Pavilion. Zhang read many of the great works of history in his day and claimed he had found ten instances where the *Record... | 1,207 | Zhang Heng | 3 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Achievements in science and technology {#achievements_in_science_and_technology}
### Mathematics
For centuries the Chinese approximated pi as 3; Liu Xin (d. CE 23) made the first known Chinese attempt at a more accurate calculation of 3.154, but there is no record detailing the method he used to obta... | 976 | Zhang Heng | 4 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Achievements in science and technology {#achievements_in_science_and_technology}
### Water-powered armillary sphere {#water_powered_armillary_sphere}
Zhang Heng is the first person known to have applied hydraulic motive power (i.e. by employing a waterwheel and clepsydra) to rotate an armillary sphere... | 765 | Zhang Heng | 5 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Achievements in science and technology {#achievements_in_science_and_technology}
### Zhang\'s seismoscope {#zhangs_seismoscope}
From the earliest times, the Chinese were concerned with the destructive force of earthquakes. It was recorded in Sima Qian\'s *Records of the Grand Historian* of 91 BC that ... | 1,368 | Zhang Heng | 6 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Achievements in science and technology {#achievements_in_science_and_technology}
### Odometer and south-pointing chariot {#odometer_and_south_pointing_chariot}
Zhang Heng is often credited to be one of the first inventors of the odometer in the East, an achievement also attributed to Vitruvius (c. 80-... | 357 | Zhang Heng | 7 |
34,542 | # Zhang Heng
## Legacy
### Science and technology {#science_and_technology}
Zhang Heng\'s mechanical inventions influenced later Chinese inventors such as Yi Xing, Zhang Sixun, Su Song, and Guo Shoujing. Su Song directly named Zhang\'s water-powered armillary sphere as the inspiration for his 11th-century clock towe... | 842 | Zhang Heng | 8 |
34,568 | # 16th century
The **16th century** began with the Julian year 1501 (represented by the Roman numerals MDI) and ended with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 (MDC), depending on the reckoning used (the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582).
The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw... | 577 | 16th century | 0 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1501--1509
- 1501: Michelangelo returns to his native Florence to begin work on the statue *David*.
- 1501: Safavid dynasty reunifies Iran and rules over it until 1736. Safavids adopt a Shia branch of Islam.
- 1501: First Battle of Cannanore between the Third Portuguese Armada and ... | 523 | 16th century | 1 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1510s
- 1509--1510: The \'great plague\' in various parts of Tudor England.
- 1510: Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Goa in India.
- 1511: Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Malacca, the capital of the Sultanate of Malacca in present-day Malaysia.
- 1512: Coperni... | 627 | 16th century | 2 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1520s {#s_1}
- 1520--1566: The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent marks the zenith of the Ottoman Empire.
- 1520: The first European diplomatic mission to Ethiopia, sent by the Portuguese, arrives at Massawa 9 April, and reaches the imperial encampment of Emperor Dawit II in Shewa 9 Oc... | 947 | 16th century | 3 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1540s {#s_3}
- 1540: The Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits, is founded by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions with the approval of Pope Paul III.
- 1540: Sher Shah Suri founds the Suri dynasty in South Asia, an ethnic Pashtun (Pathan) of the house of Sur, who supplanted the Mughal dy... | 614 | 16th century | 4 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1550s {#s_4}
- 1550: The architect Mimar Sinan builds the Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul.
- 1550: Mongols led by Altan Khan invade China and besiege Beijing.
- 1550--1551: Valladolid debate concerning the human rights of the Indigenous people of the Americas.
- 1551: Fifth outbrea... | 468 | 16th century | 5 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1560s {#s_5}
- 1560: Ottoman navy defeats the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Djerba.
- 1560: Elizabeth Bathory is born in Nyirbator, Hungary.
- 1560: By winning the Battle of Okehazama, Oda Nobunaga becomes one of the pre-eminent warlords of Japan.
- 1560: Jeanne d\'Albret declare... | 547 | 16th century | 6 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1570s {#s_6}
- 1570: Ivan the Terrible, tsar of Russia, orders the massacre of inhabitants of Novgorod.
- 1570: Pope Pius V issues *Regnans in Excelsis*, a papal bull excommunicating all who obeyed Elizabeth I and calling on all Catholics to rebel against her.
- 1570: Sultan Hairun ... | 624 | 16th century | 7 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1580s {#s_7}
- 1580: Drake\'s royal reception after his attacks on Spanish possessions influences Philip II of Spain to build up the Spanish Armada. English ships in Spanish harbours are impounded.
- 1580: Spain unifies with Portugal under Philip II. The struggle for the throne of Por... | 399 | 16th century | 8 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Events
### 1590--1600 {#section_1}
- 1590: Siege of Odawara: the Go-Hojo clan surrender to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Japan is unified.
- 1591: Gazi Giray leads a huge Tatar expedition against Moscow.
- 1591: In Mali, Moroccan forces of the Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur led by Judar Pasha defeat the Son... | 554 | 16th century | 9 |
34,568 | # 16th century
## Gallery
<File:Hernán> Cortés anónimo.jpg\|Hernan Cortes (1485--1547) <File:Hans> Holbein, the Younger, Around 1497-1543 - Portrait of Henry VIII of England - Google Art Project.jpg\|Henry VIII, (1491--1547) King of England and Ireland <File:Fernando> Álvarez de Toledo, III Duque de Alba, por Willem ... | 491 | 16th century | 10 |
34,574 | # 1870s
The **1870s** (pronounced \"eighteen-seventies\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1870, and ended on December 31, 1879.
The trends of the previous decade continued into this one, as great new empires, imperialism and militarism rose in Europe and Asia. The United States was rec... | 630 | 1870s | 0 |
34,574 | # 1870s
## Popular culture {#popular_culture}
### Literature and arts {#literature_and_arts}
- Jules Verne (France) publishes *Around The World in Eighty Days*.
- Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Alfred Sisley organized the *Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs,... | 404 | 1870s | 1 |
34,580 | # AD 26
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ **AD 26** (**XXVI**) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the **26th Year** of the Anno Domini (AD) designation, the 26th year of the 1st millennium, the 26th year of the 1st century, and the 6th year of the 3rd decade. At the time, it was known as the **Year of the Consu... | 169 | AD 26 | 0 |
34,585 | # 1624
| 2 | 1624 | 0 |
34,587 | # 1642
| 2 | 1642 | 0 |
34,588 | # 1661
| 2 | 1661 | 0 |
34,591 | # 1608
| 2 | 1608 | 0 |
34,594 | # 1918
The ceasefire that effectively ended the First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50--100 million people worldwide.
In Russia, this year runs with only 352 days. As the result of Julian to Gregoria... | 597 | 1918 | 0 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### March
- March 1 -- WWI: German submarine `{{SMU|U-19|Germany|2}}`{=mediawiki} sinks `{{HMS|Calgarian|1913|6}}`{=mediawiki} off Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland.
- March 3 -- WWI: The Central Powers and Bolshevist Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia\'s involvement in the war... | 772 | 1918 | 1 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### May
- May 1 -- WWI: German troops enter Don Host Oblast; they capture Rostov-on-Don on May 8.
- May 2 -- General Motors acquires the Chevrolet Motor Company of Delaware.
- May 7 -- WWI: The British capture Kirkuk.
- May 9 -- WWI -- Second Ostend Raid: The British Royal Navy unsuccessfully... | 363 | 1918 | 2 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### June
*Main article: June 1918*
- June--August -- The \"Spanish flu\" becomes pandemic. Over 30 million people die in the following 6 months.
- June 1 -- WWI: The Battle of Belleau Wood begins.
- June 4 -- RMS *Kenilworth Castle*, one of the Union-Castle Line steamships, collides with her e... | 777 | 1918 | 3 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### September
- September -- WWI: British armies and their Arab allies roll into Syria.
- September 3 -- The Bolshevik government of Russia publishes the first official announcement of the Red Terror, a period of repression against political opponents, as an \"Appeal to the Working Class\" in the... | 546 | 1918 | 4 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### October
- October 1 -- WWI: The Desert Mounted Corps captures Damascus.
- October 2 -- WWI: The Charge at Khan Ayash is begun north of Damascus, by the 3rd Light Horse Brigade.
- October 3
- Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany appoints Max von Baden Chancellor of Germany.
- King Ferdin... | 543 | 1918 | 5 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### November
- November 1
- The Polish--Ukrainian War is inaugurated, by the proclamation of the West Ukrainian People\'s Republic in Galicia, with a capital at Lwów.
- Serbian forces recapture Belgrade.
- Malbone Street Wreck: The worst rapid transit accident in world history occ... | 870 | 1918 | 6 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### December
- December 1
- By the Danish--Icelandic Act of Union, Iceland regains independence, but remains in personal union with the King of Denmark, who also becomes the King of Iceland.
- New voting laws in Sweden makes votes no longer dependent on taxable assets, each adult having... | 472 | 1918 | 7 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Events
### Date unknown {#date_unknown}
- Nakajima Aircraft Company, a predecessor of the Subaru car manufacturing company in Japan, is founded in Ota, Gunma Prefecture.
| 28 | 1918 | 8 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Births
### January {#january_1}
- January 1 -- Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 2000)
- January 2 -- Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse, German typographer, calligrapher and book-binder (d. 2019)
- January 10 -- Arthur Chung, 1st President of Guyana (d. 2008)
- January 11 -... | 950 | 1918 | 9 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Births
### May {#may_1}
- May 1
- Jack Paar, American television show host (*The Tonight Show*) (d. 2004)
- Li Yaowen, Chinese politician, general and diplomat (d. 2018)
- May 4
- Kakuei Tanaka, 40th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1993)
- Ana Enriqueta Terán, Venezuelan poet (d. 201... | 555 | 1918 | 10 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Births
### July {#july_1}
- July 1
- Ahmed Deedat, South African writer, public speaker (d. 2005)
- Pedro Yap, Filipino lawyer (d. 2003)
- July 2
- Athos Bulcão, Brazilian painter, sculptor (d. 2008)
- Indumati Bhattacharya, Indian politician (d. 1990)
- July 3 -- Lorenzo Roble... | 1,039 | 1918 | 11 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Births
### October {#october_1}
- October 4 -- Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- October 6 -- Goh Keng Swee, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (d. 2010)
- October 8 -- Jens Christian Skou, Danish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
- October 9
- E. H... | 830 | 1918 | 12 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Deaths
### January {#january_2}
- January 2 -- Katharine A. O\'Keeffe O\'Mahoney, Irish-born American teacher and writer (b. 1855)
- January 6 -- Georg Cantor, German mathematician (b. 1845)
- January 8
- Johannes Pääsuke, Estonian photographer, filmmaker (b. 1892)
- Ellis H. Roberts, Ame... | 895 | 1918 | 13 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Deaths
### July {#july_2}
- July 3 -- Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1844)
- July 9 -- James McCudden, British fighter pilot (air crash) (b. 1895)
- July 14 -- Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of United States President Theodore Roosevelt, fighter pilot (killed in action) (b. 1897)
- July ... | 1,209 | 1918 | 14 |
34,594 | # 1918
## Deaths
### December {#december_2}
- December 2 -- Edmond Rostand, French writer (b. 1868), Spanish flu
- December 4 -- Princess Teriivaetua of Tahiti (b. 1869), Spanish flu
- December 5 -- Schalk Willem Burger, Boer military leader, lawyer, politician, statesman, and acting President of the South Afri... | 178 | 1918 | 15 |
34,616 | # 1912
This year is notable for the sinking of the *Titanic*, which occurred on April 15.
In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skipping 13 days. Friday, 30 November *(Julian Calendar)* immediately turned Saturday, 14 December 191... | 1,009 | 1912 | 0 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Events
### June
- June 6 -- The Novarupta volcano is formed in Alaska by a VEI 6 eruption, the world\'s largest (in terms of matter emitted) in the 20th century.
- June 30 -- Regina Cyclone: Canada\'s deadliest tornado strikes Regina, Saskatchewan, killing 28 people.
### July
- July 1 -- Harriet Qui... | 822 | 1912 | 1 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Births
### January {#january_1}
- January 1
- Kim Philby, British spy (d. 1988)
- Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Syrian politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Syria (d. 1980)
- Abdul Salam Sabrah, 3-time Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic (d. 2012)
- January 3 -- Armand Lohikoski, Finnis... | 1,109 | 1912 | 2 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Births
### May {#may_1}
- May 1
- Winthrop Rockefeller, American politician and philanthropist (d. 1973)
- Otto Kretschmer, German submarine commander, *Bundesmarine* admiral (d. 1998)
- May 2
- Axel Springer, German journalist, founder and owner of Axel Springer AG (d. 1985)
- M... | 749 | 1912 | 3 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Births
### July {#july_1}
- July 1
- Ulla Barding-Poulsen, Danish fencer (d. 2000)
- David R. Brower, American environmentalist (d. 2000)
- Pinhas Scheinman, Israeli politician (d. 1999)
- Sally Kirkland, American fashion editor (d. 1989)
- July 2 -- Edwin L. Mechem, American pol... | 410 | 1912 | 4 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Births
### August {#august_1}
- August 1
- Frank K. Edmondson, American astronomer (d. 2008)
- Donald Seawell, American theater producer, newspaper publisher (d. 2015)
- August 2 -- Palle Huld, Danish actor (d. 2010)
- August 3 -- Fritz Hellwig, German politician (CDU), European Commission... | 1,106 | 1912 | 5 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Births
### December {#december_1}
- December 1
- Billy Raimondi, American baseball player (d. 2010)
- Minoru Yamasaki, Japanese-American architect of the World Trade Center (d. 1986)
- December 2 -- Boun Oum, 2-time Prime Minister of Laos (d. 1980)
- December 4 -- Pappy Boyington, American... | 266 | 1912 | 6 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Deaths
### January {#january_2}
- January 3
- Felix Dahn, German writer (b. 1834)
- Robley D. Evans, American admiral (b. 1846)
- January 4 -- Clarence Dutton, American geologist (b. 1841)
- January 7 -- Sophia Jex-Blake, English physician and feminist (b. 1840)
- January 14 -- Samuel W... | 426 | 1912 | 7 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Deaths
### April {#april_2}
- April 3 -- Calbraith Perry Rodgers, American aviation pioneer, in aircraft accident (b. 1879)
- April 6 -- Giovanni Pascoli, Italian poet (b. 1855)
- April 10 -- Gabriel Monod, French historian (b. 1844)
- April 12
- Clara Barton, American nurse (b. 1821)
- ... | 799 | 1912 | 8 |
34,616 | # 1912
## Deaths
### September {#september_2}
- September 1 -- Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, African-British composer (b. 1875)
- September 5 -- Arthur MacArthur Jr., U.S. Army general (b. 1845)
- September 6 -- Sir Charles John Stanley Gough, British general and Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1832)
- September 7 --... | 398 | 1912 | 9 |
34,621 | # 1910s
<File:1910s> montage.png\|From left, clockwise: The **Ford Model T** is introduced and becomes widespread; The **sinking** of the RMS *Titanic* causes the deaths of nearly 1,500 people and attracts global and historical attention; **CONTEXT**: All the events below are part of **World War I** (1914--1918); Fren... | 678 | 1910s | 0 |
34,621 | # 1910s
## Politics and wars {#politics_and_wars}
### Wars
- World War I (1914--1918)
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo leads to the outbreak of the First World War.
- The Armenian genocide during and just after World War I. It was characterized by the use o... | 786 | 1910s | 1 |
34,621 | # 1910s
## Politics and wars {#politics_and_wars}
### Assassinations
Prominent assassinations include:
- March 18, 1913: George I of Greece
- June 11, 1913: Mahmud Şevket Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
- June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia a... | 116 | 1910s | 2 |
34,621 | # 1910s
## Disasters
- The RMS *Titanic*, a British ocean liner which was the largest and most luxurious ship at that time, struck an iceberg and sank two hours and 40 minutes later in the North Atlantic during its maiden voyage on April 15, 1912. 1,517 people perished in the disaster.
- On May 29, 1914, the Brit... | 554 | 1910s | 3 |
34,621 | # 1910s
## Economics
- In the years 1910 and 1911, there was a minor economic depression known as the Panic of 1910--1911, which was followed by the enforcement of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
- The outbreak of World War I caused the Financial Crisis of 1914, leading to the closure of the New York Stock Exchange f... | 277 | 1910s | 4 |
34,621 | # 1910s
## Popular culture {#popular_culture}
- Flying Squadron of America promotes temperance movement in the United States.
- Edith Smith Davis edits the Temperance Educational Quarterly.
- The first U.S. feature film, *Oliver Twist*, was released in 1912.
- The first mob film, D. W. Griffith\'s *The Musket... | 607 | 1910s | 5 |
34,621 | # 1910s
## People
### Business
- Arnold Rothstein, gangster, gambler, fixed the 1919 World Series
- Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company
### Inventors
- Nikola Tesla, electrical and mechanical engineer
### Politics
- John Barrett, Director-general Organization of American States
- George Louis... | 467 | 1910s | 6 |
34,626 | # 1860s
The **1860s** (pronounced \"eighteen-sixties\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1860 and ended on December 31, 1869.
The decade was noted for featuring numerous major societal shifts in the Americas. In North America, the election of Free Soiler Abraham Lincoln to the presidenc... | 327 | 1860s | 0 |
34,626 | # 1860s
## Politics and wars {#politics_and_wars}
### Wars
- French occupation of Mexico (1863--1867). Replacement of President of Mexico Benito Juárez (1861--1863) at first with Juan Nepomuceno Almonte (1863--1864) and then by Emperor Maximilian of Mexico (1864--1867) with the establishment of the Second Mexican ... | 677 | 1860s | 1 |
34,626 | # 1860s
## Assassinations and attempts {#assassinations_and_attempts}
Prominent assassinations, targeted killings, and assassination attempts include:
Year Date Name Position Culprits ... | 522 | 1860s | 2 |
34,626 | # 1860s
## Disasters and natural events {#disasters_and_natural_events}
- 1860 to 1861 -- Upper Doab famine of 1860--1861
- 1860 to 1861 -- the Black Winter of 1860-1861 in Qajar Iran
- 1862 -- the Great Flood of 1862, the largest flood in the recorded history of California, Oregon, and Nevada, inundated the we... | 637 | 1860s | 3 |
34,626 | # 1860s
## Culture
### Literature and arts {#literature_and_arts}
- Victor Hugo publishes *Les Misérables*.
- Leo Tolstoy publishes *War and Peace*.
- Fyodor Dostoevsky publishes *Crime and Punishment*.
- Lewis Carroll publishes *Alice\'s Adventures in Wonderland*.
- Jules Verne publishes *Twenty Thousand ... | 305 | 1860s | 4 |
34,627 | # 1788
| 2 | 1788 | 0 |
34,628 | # 1st century
<File:1st> century collage.png\|thumb\|From top left, clockwise: Jesus is **crucified by Roman authorities in Judaea** (17th century painting). Four different men (Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian) **claim the title of Emperor within the span of a year**; The **Great Fire of Rome** (18th-century pai... | 1,066 | 1st century | 0 |
34,628 | # 1st century
## Events
### 0s
### 10s {#s_1}
### 20s {#s_2}
### 30s {#s_3}
### 40s {#s_4}
### 50s {#s_5}
### 60s {#s_6}
### 70s {#s_7}
### 80s {#s_8}
### 90s {#s_9}
### 100
## Inventions, discoveries, introductions {#inventions_discoveries_introductions}
- Codex, the first form of the modern book, appe... | 232 | 1st century | 1 |
34,633 | # 13th century
*XIII Century* (series)}} `{{Centurybox|13}}`{=mediawiki} The **13th century** was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar.
The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretch... | 410 | 13th century | 0 |
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