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8,460 | # Dieting
**Dieting** is the practice of eating food in a regulated way to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight, or to prevent and treat diseases such as diabetes and obesity. As weight loss depends on calorie intake, different kinds of calorie-reduced diets, such as those emphasising particular macronutrients ... | 541 | Dieting | 0 |
8,460 | # Dieting
## Types
A restricted diet is most commonly pursued by those who want to lose weight. Some people follow a diet to gain weight (such as people who are underweight or who are attempting to gain more muscle). Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight or to improve health.
### Low-fat {#low_fat}... | 448 | Dieting | 1 |
8,460 | # Dieting
## Types
### Fasting
Fasting is the act of intentional taking a long time interval between meals. Lengthy fasting (multiple days in a week) might be dangerous due to the risk of malnutrition. During prolonged fasting or very low calorie diets the reduction of blood glucose, the preferred energy source of th... | 836 | Dieting | 2 |
8,460 | # Dieting
## Effectiveness
Several diets are effective for short-term weight loss for obese individuals, with diet success most predicted by adherence and little effect resulting from the type or brand of diet. As weight maintenance depends on calorie intake, diets emphasising certain macronutrients (low-fat, low-car... | 860 | Dieting | 3 |
8,460 | # Dieting
## Mechanism
When the body is expending more energy than it is consuming (e.g. when exercising), the body\'s cells rely on internally stored energy sources, such as complex carbohydrates and fats, for energy. The first source to which the body turns is glycogen (by glycogenolysis). Glycogen is a complex car... | 274 | Dieting | 4 |
8,460 | # Dieting
## Methods
### Meal timing {#meal_timing}
A meal timing schedule is known to be an important factor of any diet. Recent evidence suggest that new scheduling strategies, such as intermittent fasting or skipping meals, and strategically placed snacks before meals, may be recommendable to reduce cardiovascula... | 402 | Dieting | 5 |
8,472 | # Disk storage
**Disk storage** (also sometimes called **drive storage**) is a data storage mechanism based on a rotating disk. The recording employs various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to the disk\'s surface layer. A **disk drive** is a device implementing such a storage mechanism. Notable ty... | 385 | Disk storage | 0 |
8,472 | # Disk storage
## Access methods {#access_methods}
Digital disk drives are block storage devices. Each disk is divided into logical blocks (collection of sectors). Blocks are addressed using their logical block addresses (LBA). Read from or write to disk happens at the granularity of blocks.
Originally the disk capa... | 682 | Disk storage | 1 |
8,472 | # Disk storage
## Basic terminology {#basic_terminology}
Disk : Generally refers to magnetic media and devices.\
Disc : Required by trademarks for certain optical media and devices.\
Platter : An individual recording disk. A hard disk drive contains a set of platters. Developments in optical technology have led to mu... | 288 | Disk storage | 2 |
8,476 | # Disk operating system
A **disk operating system** (**DOS**) is a computer operating system that requires a disk or other direct-access storage device as secondary storage. A DOS provides a file system and a means for loading and running programs stored on the disk.
The term is now historical, as most if not all ope... | 631 | Disk operating system | 0 |
8,476 | # Disk operating system
## Main OSes {#main_oses}
Some disk operating systems are the operating systems for the entire computer system.
- The Burroughs (now Unisys) Master Control Program (MCP) for the B5000 originally runs from a drum, but starting with the B5500 it runs from a disk. It is the basis for the MCP o... | 342 | Disk operating system | 1 |
8,483 | # Diesel cycle
The **Diesel cycle** is a combustion process of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. In it, fuel is ignited by heat generated during the compression of air in the combustion chamber, into which fuel is then injected. This is in contrast to igniting the fuel-air mixture with a spark plug as in the... | 943 | Diesel cycle | 0 |
8,483 | # Diesel cycle
## Applications
### Diesel engines {#diesel_engines}
Diesel engines have the lowest specific fuel consumption of any large internal combustion engine employing a single cycle, 0.26 lb/hp·h (0.16 kg/kWh) for very large marine engines (combined cycle power plants are more efficient, but employ two engine... | 221 | Diesel cycle | 1 |
8,495 | # Data set
A **data set** (or **dataset**) is a collection of data. In the case of tabular data, a data set corresponds to one or more database tables, where every column of a table represents a particular variable, and each row corresponds to a given record of the data set in question. The data set lists values for e... | 531 | Data set | 0 |
8,508 | # Slalom skiing
**Slalom** is an alpine skiing and alpine snowboarding discipline, involving skiing between poles or gates. These are spaced more closely than those in giant slalom, super giant slalom and downhill, necessitating quicker and shorter turns. Internationally, the sport is contested at the FIS Alpine World... | 847 | Slalom skiing | 0 |
8,508 | # Slalom skiing
## Men\'s slalom World Cup podiums {#mens_slalom_world_cup_podiums}
In the following table men\'s slalom World Cup podiums in the World Cup since first season in 1967.
+--------+--------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-----------------... | 898 | Slalom skiing | 1 |
8,528 | # Disjunction introduction
**Disjunction introduction** or **addition** (also called **or introduction**) is a rule of inference of propositional logic and almost every other deduction system. The rule makes it possible to introduce disjunctions to logical proofs. It is the inference that if *P* is true, then *P or Q*... | 278 | Disjunction introduction | 0 |
8,529 | # Disjunction elimination
In propositional logic, **disjunction elimination** (sometimes named **proof by cases**, **case analysis**, or **or elimination**) is the valid argument form and rule of inference that allows one to eliminate a disjunctive statement from a logical proof. It is the inference that if a statemen... | 289 | Disjunction elimination | 0 |
8,536 | # Differential cryptanalysis
**Differential cryptanalysis** is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense, it is the study of how differences in information input can affect the resultant difference at the ou... | 362 | Differential cryptanalysis | 0 |
8,536 | # Differential cryptanalysis
## Attack mechanics {#attack_mechanics}
Differential cryptanalysis is usually a chosen plaintext attack, meaning that the attacker must be able to obtain ciphertexts for some set of plaintexts of their choosing. There are, however, extensions that would allow a known plaintext or even a c... | 391 | Differential cryptanalysis | 1 |
8,536 | # Differential cryptanalysis
## Attack in detail {#attack_in_detail}
The attack relies primarily on the fact that a given input/output difference pattern only occurs for certain values of inputs. Usually the attack is applied in essence to the non-linear components as if they were a solid component (usually they are ... | 529 | Differential cryptanalysis | 2 |
8,544 | # Drawing
**Drawing** is a visual art that uses an instrument to mark paper or another two-dimensional surface, or a digital representation of such. Traditionally, the instruments used to make a drawing include pencils, crayons, and ink pens, sometimes in combination. More modern tools include computer styluses with g... | 522 | Drawing | 0 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## History
### In communication {#in_communication}
Drawing is one of the oldest forms of human expression, with evidence for its existence preceding that of written communication. It is believed that drawing was used as a specialised form of communication before the invention of the written language, demo... | 411 | Drawing | 1 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Notable artists and draftsmen {#notable_artists_and_draftsmen}
Drawing became significant as an art form around the late 15th century, with artists and master engravers such as Albrecht Dürer and Martin Schongauer (c. 1448--1491), the first Northern engraver known by name. Schongauer came from Alsace, an... | 450 | Drawing | 2 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Materials
The *medium* is the means by which ink, pigment, or color are delivered onto the drawing surface. Most drawing media either are dry (e.g. graphite, charcoal, pastels, Conté, silverpoint), or use a fluid solvent or carrier (marker, pen and ink). Watercolor pencils can be used dry like ordinary p... | 377 | Drawing | 3 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Technique
Almost all draftsmen use their hands and fingers to apply the media, with the exception of some disabled individuals who draw with their mouth or feet.
Prior to working on an image, the artist typically explores how various media work. They may try different drawing implements on practice shee... | 368 | Drawing | 4 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Tone
thumb\|upright=.8\|A pencil portrait by Henry Macbeth-Raeburn, with hatching and shading (1909) Shading is the technique of varying the tonal values on the paper to represent the shade of the material as well as the placement of the shadows. Careful attention to reflected light, shadows and highligh... | 403 | Drawing | 5 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Form and proportion {#form_and_proportion}
Measuring the dimensions of a subject while blocking in the drawing is an important step in producing a realistic rendition of the subject. Tools such as a compass can be used to measure the angles of different sides. These angles can be reproduced on the drawin... | 322 | Drawing | 6 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Perspective
Linear perspective is a method of portraying objects on a flat surface so that the dimensions shrink with distance. Each set of parallel, straight edges of any object, whether a building or a table, follows lines that eventually converge at a vanishing point. Typically this convergence point ... | 268 | Drawing | 7 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Composition
The composition of the image is an important element in producing an interesting work of artistic merit. The artist plans element placement in the art to communicate ideas and feelings with the viewer. The composition can determine the focus of the art, and result in a harmonious whole that i... | 273 | Drawing | 8 |
8,544 | # Drawing
## Process
Individuals display differences in their ability to produce visually accurate drawings, when a visually accurate drawing is \"recognized as a particular object at a particular time and in a particular space, rendered with little addition of visual detail that can not be seen in the object represe... | 371 | Drawing | 9 |
8,561 | # Denormalization
**Denormalization** is a strategy used on a previously-normalized database to increase performance. In computing, denormalization is the process of trying to improve the read performance of a database, at the expense of losing some write performance, by adding redundant copies of data or by grouping ... | 660 | Denormalization | 0 |
8,562 | # Differential topology
In mathematics, **differential topology** is the field dealing with the topological properties and smooth properties of smooth manifolds. In this sense differential topology is distinct from the closely related field of differential geometry, which concerns the *geometric* properties of smooth ... | 972 | Differential topology | 0 |
8,562 | # Differential topology
## Differential topology versus differential geometry {#differential_topology_versus_differential_geometry}
Differential topology and differential geometry are first characterized by their *similarity*. They both study primarily the properties of differentiable manifolds, sometimes with a vari... | 544 | Differential topology | 1 |
8,564 | # Diffeomorphism
In mathematics, a **diffeomorphism** is an isomorphism of differentiable manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another such that both the function and its inverse are continuously differentiable.
## Definition
Given two differentiable manifolds $M$ and $N$,... | 751 | Diffeomorphism | 0 |
8,564 | # Diffeomorphism
## Examples
Since any manifold can be locally parametrised, we can consider some explicit maps from $\R^2$ into $\R^2$.
- Let
:
: $f(x,y) = \left (x^2 + y^3, x^2 - y^3 \right ).$
: We can calculate the Jacobian matrix:
: $J_f = \begin{pmatrix} 2x & 3y^2 \\ 2x & -3y^2 \end{pmat... | 465 | Diffeomorphism | 1 |
8,564 | # Diffeomorphism
## Diffeomorphism group {#diffeomorphism_group}
Let $M$ be a differentiable manifold that is second-countable and Hausdorff. The **diffeomorphism group** of $M$ is the group of all $C^r$ diffeomorphisms of $M$ to itself, denoted by $\text{Diff}^r(M)$ or, when $r$ is understood, $\text{Diff}(M)$. This... | 1,098 | Diffeomorphism | 2 |
8,564 | # Diffeomorphism
## Diffeomorphism group {#diffeomorphism_group}
### Homotopy types {#homotopy_types}
- The diffeomorphism group of $S^2$ has the homotopy-type of the subgroup $O(3)$. This was proven by Steve Smale.
- The diffeomorphism group of the torus has the homotopy-type of its linear automorphisms: $S^1\ti... | 378 | Diffeomorphism | 3 |
8,578 | # Dyne
The **dyne** (symbol: **dyn**; `{{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|δύναμις}}'' ({{grc-transl|δύναμις}})|power, force}}`{=mediawiki}) is a derived unit of force specified in the centimetre--gram--second (CGS) system of units, a predecessor of the modern SI.
## History
The name **dyne** was first proposed as a C... | 198 | Dyne | 0 |
8,589 | # December 9
| 3 | December 9 | 0 |
8,591 | # Diaspora studies
**Diaspora studies** is an academic field established in the late 20th century to study dispersed ethnic populations, which are often termed diaspora peoples. The usage of the term diaspora carries the connotation of forced resettlement, due to expulsion, coercion, slavery, racism, or war, especiall... | 212 | Diaspora studies | 0 |
8,594 | # Stab-in-the-back myth
thumb\|upright=1.35\|An illustration from a 1919 Austrian postcard showing a caricatured Jew stabbing a German Army soldier in the back with a dagger. The capitulation of the Central Powers was blamed on communists, Bolsheviks, and the Weimar Republic, but in particular on Jews. The **stab-in-t... | 335 | Stab-in-the-back myth | 0 |
8,594 | # Stab-in-the-back myth
## Background
In the later part of World War I, the Supreme High Command (*Oberste Heeresleitung*, OHL) controlled not only the military but also a large part of the economy through the Auxiliary Services Act of December 1916, which under the Hindenburg Programme aimed at a total mobilisation ... | 1,272 | Stab-in-the-back myth | 1 |
8,594 | # Stab-in-the-back myth
## Assessments of Germany\'s situation in late 1918 {#assessments_of_germanys_situation_in_late_1918}
thumb\|upright=1.35\|alt=\|Map showing the Western Front as it stood on 11 November 1918. The German frontier of 1914 had been crossed in the vicinities of Mulhouse, Château-Salins, and Marieu... | 804 | Stab-in-the-back myth | 2 |
8,594 | # Stab-in-the-back myth
## Development of the myth {#development_of_the_myth}
According to historian Richard Steigmann-Gall, the stab-in-the-back concept can be traced back to a sermon preached on 3 February 1918, by Protestant Court Chaplain Bruno Doehring, nine months before the war had ended. German scholar Boris ... | 1,065 | Stab-in-the-back myth | 3 |
8,594 | # Stab-in-the-back myth
## Antisemitic aspects {#antisemitic_aspects}
thumb\|upright=0.8\|left\|Nazi theorist Alfred Rosenberg was one of many on the far-right who spread the stab-in-the-back myth. The antisemitic instincts of the German Army were revealed well before the stab-in-the-back myth became the military\'s ... | 557 | Stab-in-the-back myth | 4 |
8,594 | # Stab-in-the-back myth
## Aftermath
The *Dolchstoß* was a central image in propaganda produced by the many right-wing and traditionally conservative political parties that sprang up in the early days of the Weimar Republic, including Adolf Hitler\'s Nazi Party. For Hitler himself, this explanatory model for World Wa... | 692 | Stab-in-the-back myth | 5 |
8,594 | # Stab-in-the-back myth
## Equivalents in other countries {#equivalents_in_other_countries}
### United States {#united_states}
Parallel interpretations of national trauma after military defeat appear in other countries. For example, it was applied to the United States\' involvement in the Vietnam War and in the myth... | 50 | Stab-in-the-back myth | 6 |
8,612 | # Declination
In astronomy, **declination** (abbreviated **dec**; symbol ***δ***) is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being hour angle. The declination angle is measured north (positive) or south (negative) of the celestial equator, along ... | 400 | Declination | 0 |
8,612 | # Declination
## Stars
A star\'s direction remains nearly fixed due to its vast distance, but its right ascension and declination do change gradually due to precession of the equinoxes and proper motion, and cyclically due to annual parallax. The declinations of Solar System objects change very rapidly compared to th... | 617 | Declination | 1 |
8,620 | # Dianic Wicca
**Dianic Wicca**, also known as **Dianic Witchcraft**, is a modern pagan goddess tradition focused on female experience and empowerment. Leadership is by women, who may be ordained as priestesses, or in less formal groups that function as collectives. While some adherents identify as Wiccan, it differs ... | 501 | Dianic Wicca | 0 |
8,620 | # Dianic Wicca
## Beliefs and practices {#beliefs_and_practices}
### Differences from mainstream Wicca {#differences_from_mainstream_wicca}
Like other Wiccans, Dianics may form covens, attend festivals, celebrate the eight major Wiccan holidays, and gather on Esbats. They use many of the same altar tools, rituals, an... | 455 | Dianic Wicca | 1 |
8,620 | # Dianic Wicca
## Denominations and related traditions {#denominations_and_related_traditions}
- Traditions derived from Zsuzsanna Budapest -- Female-only covens run by priestesses trained and initiated by Budapest.
- Independent Dianic witches -- who may have been inspired by Budapest, her published work (such a... | 231 | Dianic Wicca | 2 |
8,640 | # Database normalization
**Database normalization** is the process of structuring a relational database in accordance with a series of so-called ***normal forms*** in order to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity. It was first proposed by British computer scientist Edgar F. Codd as part of his relational ... | 519 | Database normalization | 0 |
8,640 | # Database normalization
## Normal forms {#normal_forms}
Codd introduced the concept of normalization and what is now known as the first normal form (1NF) in 1970. Codd went on to define the second normal form (2NF) and third normal form (3NF) in 1971, and Codd and Raymond F. Boyce defined the Boyce--Codd normal form... | 460 | Database normalization | 1 |
8,640 | # Database normalization
## Example of a step-by-step normalization {#example_of_a_step_by_step_normalization}
Normalization is a database design technique, which is used to design a relational database table up to higher normal form. The process is progressive, and a higher level of database normalization cannot be ... | 549 | Database normalization | 2 |
8,640 | # Database normalization
## Example of a step-by-step normalization {#example_of_a_step_by_step_normalization}
### Satisfying 2NF {#satisfying_2nf}
Recall that the **Book** table below has a composite key of **{Title, Format}**, which will not satisfy 2NF if some subset of that key is a determinant. At this point in ... | 654 | Database normalization | 3 |
8,640 | # Database normalization
## Example of a step-by-step normalization {#example_of_a_step_by_step_normalization}
### Satisfying 4NF {#satisfying_4nf}
Assume the database is owned by a book retailer franchise that has several franchisees that own shops in different locations. And therefore the retailer decided to add a ... | 644 | Database normalization | 4 |
8,640 | # Database normalization
## Example of a step-by-step normalization {#example_of_a_step_by_step_normalization}
### Satisfying 5NF {#satisfying_5nf}
To spot a table not satisfying the 5NF, it is usually necessary to examine the data thoroughly. Suppose the table from 4NF example with a little modification in data and ... | 1,283 | Database normalization | 5 |
8,641 | # Desmothoracid
Order **Desmothoracida**, the **desmothoracids**, are a group of heliozoan protists, usually sessile and found in freshwater environments. The adult is a spherical cell around 10-20 μm in diameter surrounded by a perforated organic lorica, or shell, with many radial pseudopods projecting through the ho... | 205 | Desmothoracid | 0 |
8,643 | # Molecular diffusion
**Molecular diffusion** is the motion of atoms, molecules, or other particles of a gas or liquid at temperatures above absolute zero. The rate of this movement is a function of temperature, viscosity of the fluid, size and density (or their product, mass) of the particles. This type of diffusion ... | 831 | Molecular diffusion | 0 |
8,643 | # Molecular diffusion
## Concentration dependent \"collective\" diffusion {#concentration_dependent_collective_diffusion}
*Collective diffusion* is the diffusion of a large number of particles, most often within a solvent.
Contrary to Brownian motion, which is the diffusion of a single particle, interactions between... | 735 | Molecular diffusion | 1 |
8,648 | # Daffynition
A **daffynition** (a portmanteau blend of *daffy* and *definition*) is a form of pun involving the reinterpretation of an existing word, on the basis that it sounds like another word (or group of words). Presented in the form of dictionary definitions, they are similar to transpositional puns, but often ... | 360 | Daffynition | 0 |
8,649 | # List of football clubs in the Netherlands
The **Dutch Football League** is organized by the Royal Dutch Football Association (KNVB, Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond).The most successful teams are Ajax (36), PSV (24) and Feyenoord (16). Important teams of the past are HVV (10 titles), Sparta Rotterdam (6 titles) a... | 375 | List of football clubs in the Netherlands | 0 |
8,649 | # List of football clubs in the Netherlands
## Former Dutch league teams {#former_dutch_league_teams}
- Koninklijke HFC
- AVV RAP (of Amsterdam) were the first official champions of the Netherlands in 1899. The club however became a Cricket club in 1916 following a total of 5 national football titles.
- Fortuna... | 440 | List of football clubs in the Netherlands | 1 |
8,650 | # Dragon 32/64
The **Dragon 32** and **Dragon 64** are 8-bit home computers that were built in the 1980s. The Dragons are very similar to the TRS-80 Color Computer, and were produced for the European market by Dragon Data, Ltd., initially in Swansea, Wales, before moving to Port Talbot, Wales (until 1984), and by Euro... | 365 | Dragon 32/64 | 0 |
8,650 | # Dragon 32/64
## Product history {#product_history}
Dragon Data entered the market in August 1982 with the Dragon 32. The Dragon 64 followed a year later. The computers sold well initially and attracted the interest of independent software developers including Microdeal. A companion magazine, *Dragon User*, began pu... | 718 | Dragon 32/64 | 1 |
8,662 | # David Rice Atchison
**David Rice Atchison** (August 11, 1807`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}January 26, 1886) was a mid-19th-century Democratic United States Senator from Missouri. He served as president pro tempore of the United States Senate for six years. Atchison served as a major general in the Missouri State Mil... | 467 | David Rice Atchison | 0 |
8,662 | # David Rice Atchison
## Senate career {#senate_career}
thumb\|upright=.83\|Statue in front of the Clinton County Courthouse, Plattsburg, Missouri In October 1843, Atchison was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy left by the death of Lewis F. Linn. He was the first senator from western Missouri to serve ... | 373 | David Rice Atchison | 1 |
8,662 | # David Rice Atchison
## Senate career {#senate_career}
### Border Ruffians {#border_ruffians}
Both Douglas and Atchison had believed that Nebraska would be settled by Free-State men from Iowa and Illinois, and Kansas by pro-slavery Missourians and other Southerners, thus preserving the numerical balance between free... | 705 | David Rice Atchison | 2 |
8,662 | # David Rice Atchison
## American Civil War {#american_civil_war}
Atchison and his law partner Doniphan fell out over politics in 1859--1861, disagreeing on how Missouri should proceed. Atchison favored secession, while Doniphan was torn and would remain, for the most part, non-committal. Privately, Doniphan favored ... | 280 | David Rice Atchison | 3 |
8,662 | # David Rice Atchison
## Purported one-day presidency {#purported_one_day_presidency}
Inauguration Day---March 4---fell on a Sunday in 1849, and so president-elect Zachary Taylor did not take the presidential oath of office until the next day out of religious concerns. Even so, the term of the outgoing president, Jam... | 645 | David Rice Atchison | 4 |
8,678 | # Donn
In Irish mythology, **Donn** (\"the dark one\", from *Dhuosnos*) is an ancestor of the Gaels and is believed to have been a god of the dead. Donn is said to dwell in **Tech Duinn** (the \"house of Donn\" or \"house of the dark one\"), where the souls of the dead gather. He may have originally been an aspect of ... | 89 | Donn | 0 |
8,681 | # Data compression ratio
**Data compression ratio**, also known as **compression power**, is a measurement of the relative reduction in size of data representation produced by a data compression algorithm. It is typically expressed as the division of uncompressed size by compressed size.
## Definition
Data compressi... | 509 | Data compression ratio | 0 |
8,693 | # Diets of Nuremberg
The **Diets of Nuremberg**, also called the Imperial Diets of Nuremberg, took place at different times between the Middle Ages and the 17th century.
The first Diet of Nuremberg, in 1211, elected the future emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen as German king.
At the Diet of 1356 the Emperor Charl... | 356 | Diets of Nuremberg | 0 |
8,704 | # Outline of dance
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to dance:
Dance -- human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. D... | 849 | Outline of dance | 0 |
8,714 | # December 10
| 3 | December 10 | 0 |
8,727 | # ΔT (timekeeping)
In precise timekeeping, **Δ*T*** (**Delta *T***, **delta-*T***, **delta*T***, or **D*T***) is a measure of the cumulative effect of the departure of the Earth\'s rotation period from the fixed-length day of International Atomic Time (86,400 seconds). Formally, Δ*T* is the time difference `{{math|1=Δ... | 753 | ΔT (timekeeping) | 0 |
8,727 | # ΔT (timekeeping)
## Earth\'s rate of rotation {#earths_rate_of_rotation}
Earth\'s rate of rotation must be integrated to obtain time, which is Earth\'s angular position (specifically, the orientation of the meridian of Greenwich relative to the fictitious mean sun). Integrating +1.7 ms/d/cy and centering the result... | 332 | ΔT (timekeeping) | 1 |
8,727 | # ΔT (timekeeping)
## Values prior to 1955 {#values_prior_to_1955}
All values of Δ*T* before 1955 depend on observations of the Moon, either via eclipses or occultations. The angular momentum lost by the Earth due to friction induced by the Moon\'s tidal effect is transferred to the Moon, increasing its angular momen... | 433 | ΔT (timekeeping) | 2 |
8,728 | # December 22
| 3 | December 22 | 0 |
8,729 | # David Deutsch
**David Elieser Deutsch** (`{{IPAc-en|d|ɔɪ|tʃ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|DOYTCH}}`{=mediawiki}; *דוד דויטש*; born 18 May 1953) is a British physicist at the University of Oxford, often described as the \"father of quantum computing\". He is a visiting professor in the Department of Atomic and Laser Phys... | 900 | David Deutsch | 0 |
8,729 | # David Deutsch
## Personal life {#personal_life}
### Views on Brexit {#views_on_brexit}
Deutsch supported Brexit, with his advocacy quoted by then-government adviser, Dominic Cummings, and reported by The New Yorker magazine in January 2020.
Michael Gove mentioned Deutsch\'s viewpoint during a BBC Brexit debate. Re... | 149 | David Deutsch | 1 |
8,731 | # Director's cut
In public use, a **director\'s cut** is the director\'s preferred version of a film (or video game, television episode, music video, commercial, *etc.*). It is generally considered a marketing term to represent the version of a film the director prefers, and is usually used in contrast to a theatrical... | 628 | Director's cut | 0 |
8,731 | # Director's cut
## Inception
The trend of releasing alternate cuts of films for artistic reasons became prominent in the 1970s; in 1974, the \"director\'s cut\" of *The Wild Bunch* was shown theatrically in Los Angeles to sold-out audiences. The theatrical release of the film had cut 10 minutes to get an R rating, b... | 361 | Director's cut | 1 |
8,731 | # Director's cut
## Criticism
Once distributors discovered that consumers would buy alternate versions of films, it became more common for films to have alternative versions released. And the original public meaning of a director\'s preferred vision has become ignored, leading to so-called \"director\'s cuts\" of fil... | 659 | Director's cut | 2 |
8,731 | # Director's cut
## Extended cuts and special editions {#extended_cuts_and_special_editions}
(See Changes in *Star Wars* re-releases and *E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary*)
Separate to director\'s cuts are alternate cuts released as \"special editions\" or \"extended cuts\". These versions are often ... | 853 | Director's cut | 3 |
8,731 | # Director's cut
## Music videos {#music_videos}
The music video for the 2006 Academy Award-nominated song \"Listen\", performed by Beyoncé, received a director\'s cut by Diane Martel. This version of the video was later included on Knowles\' *B\'Day Anthology Video Album* (2007). Linkin Park has a director\'s cut ve... | 708 | Director's cut | 4 |
8,736 | # Djbdns
The **djbdns** software package is a DNS implementation. It was created by Daniel J. Bernstein in response to his frustrations with repeated security holes in the widely used BIND DNS software. As a challenge, Bernstein offered a \$1000 prize for the first person to find a security hole in djbdns, which was a... | 527 | Djbdns | 0 |
8,742 | # Dublin Core
thumb\|140px\|Logo of DCMI, maintenance agency for Dublin Core Terms
The **Dublin Core vocabulary**, also known as the **Dublin Core Metadata Terms** (**DCMT**), is a general purpose metadata vocabulary for describing resources of any type. It was first developed for describing web content in the early ... | 952 | Dublin Core | 0 |
8,742 | # Dublin Core
## Dublin Core as standards {#dublin_core_as_standards}
The Dublin Core Metadata Terms vocabulary has been formally standardized internationally as **ISO 15836** by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and as **IETF RFC 5013** by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), as well as... | 223 | Dublin Core | 1 |
8,743 | # Document Object Model
The **Document Object Model** (**DOM**) is a cross-platform and language-independent API that treats an HTML or XML document as a tree structure wherein each node is an object representing a part of the document. The DOM represents a document with a logical tree. Each branch of the tree ends in... | 804 | Document Object Model | 0 |
8,743 | # Document Object Model
## Applications
### Web browsers {#web_browsers}
To render a document such as a HTML page, most web browsers use an internal model similar to the DOM. The nodes of every document are organized in a tree structure, called the *DOM tree*, with the topmost node named as \"Document object\". When... | 472 | Document Object Model | 1 |
8,743 | # Document Object Model
## Manipulating the DOM tree {#manipulating_the_dom_tree}
The DOM tree can be manipulated using JavaScript or other programming languages. Common tasks include navigating the tree, adding, removing, and modifying nodes, and getting and setting the properties of nodes. The DOM API provides a se... | 511 | Document Object Model | 2 |
8,745 | # Design pattern
A **design pattern** is the re-usable form of a solution to a design problem. The idea was introduced by the architect Christopher Alexander and has been adapted for various other disciplines, particularly software engineering.
## Details
An organized collection of design patterns that relate to a p... | 386 | Design pattern | 0 |
8,750 | # Da capo
**Da capo** (`{{IPAc-en|d|ɑː|_|ˈ|k|ɑː|p|oʊ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|dah|_|KAH|poh}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPAc-en|USalso|d|ə|_|-}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|də|_-}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|it|da (k)ˈkaːpo|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; often abbreviated as **D.C.**) is an Italian musical term that means \"from the beginning\" ... | 373 | Da capo | 0 |
8,756 | # Daniel Dennett
**Daniel Clement Dennett III** (March 28, 1942 -- April 19, 2024) was an American philosopher and cognitive scientist. His research centered on the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of science, and the philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive sc... | 552 | Daniel Dennett | 0 |
8,756 | # Daniel Dennett
## Philosophical views {#philosophical_views}
### Free will vs Determinism {#free_will_vs_determinism}
While he was a confirmed compatibilist on free will, in \"On Giving Libertarians What They Say They Want\"---chapter 15 of his 1978 book *Brainstorms*---Dennett articulated the case for a two-stage... | 990 | Daniel Dennett | 1 |
8,756 | # Daniel Dennett
## Philosophical views {#philosophical_views}
### Religion and morality {#religion_and_morality}
Dennett was a vocal atheist and secularist, a member of the Secular Coalition for America advisory board, and a member of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, as well as an outspoken supporter of the Brig... | 1,000 | Daniel Dennett | 2 |
8,756 | # Daniel Dennett
## Recognition
Dennett was the recipient of a Fellowship at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences. He was a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry and a Humanist Laureate of the International Academy of Humanism. He was named 2004 Humanist of the Year by the American Humanis... | 482 | Daniel Dennett | 3 |
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