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8,148 | # Diogo Cão
**Diogo Cão** (`{{IPA|pt-PT|diˈoɣu ˈkɐ̃w}}`{=mediawiki}; c. 1452 -- 1486), also known as **Diogo Cam**, was a Portuguese mariner and one of the most notable explorers of the fifteenth century. He made two voyages along the west coast of Africa in the 1480s, exploring the Congo River and the coasts of prese... | 916 | Diogo Cão | 0 |
8,148 | # Diogo Cão
## Tributes post-mortem {#tributes_post_mortem}
In 1951, botanists named a genus of plants from western central tropical Africa in his honour, *Diogoa*.
In Vila Real, the plaza Diogo Cão was named after him. In the center of the plaza, stands a bronze statue of him supported on a square granite pedestal ... | 142 | Diogo Cão | 1 |
8,162 | # Drinking game
\"Drinking Games\" (*Doctors*)\|Drinking Games (Slow Horses){{!}}\"Drinking Games\" (*Slow Horses*)}} **Drinking games** are games which involve the consumption of alcoholic beverages and often enduring the subsequent intoxication resulting from them. Evidence of the existence of drinking games dates b... | 717 | Drinking game | 0 |
8,162 | # Drinking game
## Types
### Endurance
The simplest drinking games are endurance games in which players compete to out-drink one another. Players take turns taking shots, and the last person standing is the winner. Some games have rules involving the \"cascade\", \"fountain\", or \"waterfall\", which encourages each... | 987 | Drinking game | 1 |
8,162 | # Drinking game
## Types
### Russian roulette {#russian_roulette}
There is a drinking game based on Russian roulette. The game involves six shot glasses filled by a non-player: five are filled with water, but the sixth with vodka. Among some groups, low quality vodka is preferred, as it makes the glass representing t... | 166 | Drinking game | 2 |
8,162 | # Drinking game
## Health concerns {#health_concerns}
Drinking games are popular social activities, particularly among young adults and college students, but they come with significant health risks. These games often encourage rapid alcohol consumption, often leading to heavy drinking, which can result in severe cons... | 203 | Drinking game | 3 |
8,189 | # Demographic statistics
**Demographic statistics** are measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population. Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration and a regular census of population provide information that is key to making sound decisions about national policy.
A useful summary... | 644 | Demographic statistics | 0 |
8,189 | # Demographic statistics
## Metadata
Modern population statistics are normally accompanied by **metadata** that explains how the statistics have been compiled and adjusted to compensate for any collection issues | 29 | Demographic statistics | 1 |
8,211 | # Democritus
**Democritus** (`{{IPAc-en|d|ɪ|ˈ|m|ɒ|k|r|ɪ|t|ə|s}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{respell|dim|OCK|rit|əs}}`{=mediawiki}; *Δημόκριτος*, *Dēmókritos*, meaning \"chosen of the people\"; c. 460 -- c. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atom... | 1,020 | Democritus | 0 |
8,211 | # Democritus
## Philosophy
Democritus wrote on ethics as well as physics. Democritus was a student of Leucippus. Early sources such as Aristotle and Theophrastus credit Leucippus with creating atomism and sharing its ideas with Democritus, but later sources credit only Democritus, making it hard to distinguish their ... | 1,309 | Democritus | 1 |
8,211 | # Democritus
## Philosophy
### Epistemology
It was very natural, given his theory or perception, that Democritus described even the knowledge obtained by sensuous perception as obscure (σκοτίην κρίσιν). A clear and pure knowledge is only that which has reference to the true principles or the true nature of things, th... | 290 | Democritus | 2 |
8,211 | # Democritus
## Philosophy
### Mathematics
Democritus was also a pioneer of mathematics and geometry in particular. In *The Method of Mechanical Theorems*, Archimedes states that Eudoxus of Cnidus, whose rigorous proof using the method of exhaustion that the volume of a cone is one-third the volume of cylinder is pre... | 839 | Democritus | 3 |
8,211 | # Democritus
## Works
Of the extent of his knowledge, which embraced not only natural sciences, mathematics, mechanics (Brandis, in the Rhein. Mus. iii. p. 134, &c.), grammar, music, and philosophy, but various other useful arts, we may form some notion from the list of his numerous works which is given by Diogenes L... | 450 | Democritus | 4 |
8,211 | # Democritus
## Legacy
### Classical antiquity {#classical_antiquity}
Diogenes Laertius claims that Plato disliked Democritus so much that he wished to have all of his books burned. He was nevertheless well known to his fellow northern-born philosopher Aristotle, and was the teacher of Protagoras. The importance whi... | 372 | Democritus | 5 |
8,218 | # Dennis Ritchie
**Dennis MacAlistair Ritchie** (September 9, 1941 -- c. October 12, 2011) was an American computer scientist. He created the C programming language and the Unix operating system and B language with long-time colleague Ken Thompson. Ritchie and Thompson were awarded the Turing Award from the Associati... | 437 | Dennis Ritchie | 0 |
8,218 | # Dennis Ritchie
## C and Unix {#c_and_unix}
Ritchie created the C programming language and was one of the developers of the Unix operating system. With Brian Kernighan, he co-wrote the book *The C Programming Language*, which is often referred to as *K&R* after their initials. Ritchie worked together with Ken Thomps... | 604 | Dennis Ritchie | 1 |
8,218 | # Dennis Ritchie
## Legacy
Following Ritchie\'s death, computer historian Paul E. Ceruzzi stated:
In an interview shortly after Ritchie\'s death, long-time colleague Brian Kernighan said Ritchie never expected C to be so significant. Kernighan told *The New York Times* \"The tools that Dennis built---and their direc... | 268 | Dennis Ritchie | 2 |
8,218 | # Dennis Ritchie
## Notable works {#notable_works}
- B language
- C language on which many succeeding languages and technologies are based.
- Unix multiuser operating system. Several workalikes (commonly referred to as Unix-like systems) have been developed based on Unix\'s design. Some follow POSIX standards, ... | 97 | Dennis Ritchie | 3 |
8,246 | # Dumpster diving
**Dumpster diving** (also **totting**, **skipping**, **skip diving** or **skip salvage**) is salvaging from large commercial, residential, industrial and construction containers for unwanted items discarded by their owners but deemed useful to the picker. It is not confined to dumpsters and skips, an... | 421 | Dumpster diving | 0 |
8,246 | # Dumpster diving
## Overview
The activity is performed by people out of necessity in the developing world. Some scavengers perform in organized groups, and some organize on various internet forums and social networking websites. By reusing, or repurposing, resources destined for the landfill, dumpster diving is some... | 654 | Dumpster diving | 1 |
8,246 | # Dumpster diving
## Legal status {#legal_status}
Since dumpsters are usually located on private premises, divers may occasionally get in trouble for trespassing while dumpster diving, though the law is enforced with varying degrees of rigor. Some businesses may lock dumpsters to prevent pickers from congregating on ... | 613 | Dumpster diving | 2 |
8,246 | # Dumpster diving
## Items
Dumpster diving is practiced differently in developed countries than in developing countries.
- **Food**. In many developing countries, food is rarely thrown away unless it is rotten as food is scarce in comparison to developed nations. In countries like the United States, where 40 to 50... | 871 | Dumpster diving | 3 |
8,246 | # Dumpster diving
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
### Books
- Author John Hoffman wrote two books based on his own dumpster-diving exploits: *The Art and Science of Dumpster Diving* (1993; `{{ISBN|978-1-58160-550-1}}`{=mediawiki}) and *Dumpster Diving: The Advanced Course: How to Turn Other People\'s T... | 648 | Dumpster diving | 4 |
8,247 | # Digital synthesizer
A **digital synthesizer** is a synthesizer that uses digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to make musical sounds, in contrast to older analog synthesizers, which produce music using analog electronics, and samplers, which play back digital recordings of acoustic, electric, or electronic ins... | 756 | Digital synthesizer | 0 |
8,247 | # Digital synthesizer
## History
### In Japan {#in_japan}
In 1973, the Japanese company Yamaha licensed the patent for frequency modulation synthesis (FM synthesis) from John Chowning, who had experimented with it at Stanford University since 1971. Yamaha\'s engineers began adapting Chowning\'s algorithm for use in a... | 670 | Digital synthesizer | 1 |
8,247 | # Digital synthesizer
## Usage
The new wave era of the 1980s first brought the digital synthesizer to the public ear. Bands like Talking Heads and Duran Duran used the digitally made sounds on some of their most popular albums. Other more pop-inspired bands like Hall & Oates began incorporating the digital synthesize... | 148 | Digital synthesizer | 2 |
8,249 | # Definition of music
*Organised Sound*}} `{{Use shortened footnotes|date=December 2022}}`{=mediawiki} A **definition of music** endeavors to give an accurate and concise explanation of music\'s basic attributes or essential nature and it involves a process of defining what is meant by the term *music*. Many authoriti... | 726 | Definition of music | 0 |
8,249 | # Definition of music
## Definitions
### Organized sound {#organized_sound}
An often-cited definition of music is that it is \"organized sound\", a term originally coined by modernist composer Edgard Varèse in reference to his own musical aesthetic. Varèse\'s concept of music as \"organized sound\" fits into his vis... | 565 | Definition of music | 1 |
8,249 | # Definition of music
## Specific definitions {#specific_definitions}
### Clifton
In his 1983 book, *Music as Heard*, which sets out from the phenomenological position of Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, and Ricœur, Thomas Clifton defines music as \"an ordered arrangement of sounds and silences whose meaning is presentative ... | 534 | Definition of music | 2 |
8,249 | # Definition of music
## Specific definitions {#specific_definitions}
### Nattiez
\"Music, often an art/entertainment, is a total social fact whose definitions vary according to era and culture\", according to Jean Molino. It is often contrasted with noise. According to musicologist Jean-Jacques Nattiez: \"The border... | 605 | Definition of music | 3 |
8,263 | # Dissociation constant
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a **dissociation constant** (*K*~D~) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, ... | 283 | Dissociation constant | 0 |
8,263 | # Dissociation constant
## Concentration of bound molecules {#concentration_of_bound_molecules}
### Molecules with one binding site {#molecules_with_one_binding_site}
Experimentally, the concentration of the molecule complex \[AB\] is obtained indirectly from the measurement of the concentration of a free molecules,... | 968 | Dissociation constant | 1 |
8,263 | # Dissociation constant
## Protein--ligand binding {#proteinligand_binding}
The dissociation constant is commonly used to describe the affinity between a ligand L (such as a drug) and a protein P; i.e., how tightly a ligand binds to a particular protein. Ligand--protein affinities are influenced by non-covalent inter... | 482 | Dissociation constant | 2 |
8,263 | # Dissociation constant
## Acid--base reactions {#acidbase_reactions}
For the deprotonation of acids, *K* is known as *K*~a~, the acid dissociation constant. Strong acids, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, have large dissociation constants; weak acids, such as acetic acid, have small dissociation constants.
The s... | 431 | Dissociation constant | 3 |
8,274 | # Declaration of Arbroath
`thumb|upright=1.5|The '``Tyninghame``' copy of the Declaration from 1320, in the ``National Archives of Scotland`\
The **Declaration of Arbroath** (*Declaratio Arbroathis*; *Declaration o Aiberbrothock*; *Tiomnadh Bhruis*) is the name usually given to a letter, dated 6 April 1320 at Arbroat... | 976 | Declaration of Arbroath | 0 |
8,274 | # Declaration of Arbroath
## Debates
Some have interpreted this last point as an early expression of popular sovereignty -- that government is contractual and that kings can be chosen by the community rather than by God alone. It has been considered to be the first statement of the contractual theory of monarchy unde... | 318 | Declaration of Arbroath | 1 |
8,274 | # Declaration of Arbroath
## Text
For the full text in Latin and a translation in English, See Declaration of Arbroath on WikiSource.
## Signatories
There are 39 names---eight earls and thirty-one barons---at the start of the document, all of whom may have had their seals appended, probably over the space of some t... | 499 | Declaration of Arbroath | 2 |
8,274 | # Declaration of Arbroath
## List of signatories {#list_of_signatories}
Listed below are the signatories of the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320.
The letter itself is written in Latin. It uses the Latin versions of the signatories\' titles, and in some cases, the spelling of names has changed over the years. This lis... | 641 | Declaration of Arbroath | 3 |
8,286 | # Domino effect
A **domino effect** is the cumulative effect produced when one event sets off a series of similar or related events, a form of chain reaction. The term is an analogy to a falling row of dominoes. It typically refers to a linked sequence of events where the time between successive events is relatively s... | 198 | Domino effect | 0 |
8,293 | # Diffusion pump
**Diffusion pumps** use a high speed jet of vapor to direct gas molecules in the pump throat down into the bottom of the pump and out the exhaust. They were the first type of high vacuum pumps operating in the regime of free molecular flow, where the movement of the gas molecules can be better underst... | 282 | Diffusion pump | 0 |
8,293 | # Diffusion pump
## Oil diffusion pumps {#oil_diffusion_pumps}
An oil diffusion pump is used to achieve higher vacuum (lower pressure) than is possible by use of positive displacement pumps alone. Although its use has been mainly associated within the high-vacuum range, down to 1e-9 mbar, diffusion pumps today can pr... | 746 | Diffusion pump | 1 |
8,299 | # Domenico Alberti
**Domenico Alberti** (c. 1710 -- 14 October 1746 (according to other sources: 1740)) was an Italian singer, harpsichordist, and composer.
Alberti was born in Venice and studied music with Antonio Lotti. He wrote operas, songs, and sonatas for keyboard instruments, for which he is best known today. ... | 292 | Domenico Alberti | 0 |
8,301 | # Distillation
*Distill* (album)\|Distill (journal){{!}}*Distill* (journal)\|Distillate (motor fuel)}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}`{=mediawiki}
**Distillation**, also **classical distillation**, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substanc... | 434 | Distillation | 0 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## History
### Iron Age {#iron_age}
Early evidence of distillation was found on Akkadian tablets dated c. 1200 \[\[BCE\]\] describing perfumery operations. The tablets provided textual evidence that an early, primitive form of distillation was known to the Babylonians of ancient Mesopotamia.
### Clas... | 796 | Distillation | 1 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## History
### Modern era {#modern_era}
In 1500, German alchemist Hieronymus Brunschwig published **\[\[Liber de arte distillandi de simplicibus\]\]** (*The Book of the Art of Distillation out of Simple Ingredients*), the first book solely dedicated to the subject of distillation, followed in 1512 by a... | 776 | Distillation | 2 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## Idealized model {#idealized_model}
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure around the liquid, enabling bubbles to form without being crushed. A special case is the normal boiling point, where the vapor pressure of the liquid equa... | 1,145 | Distillation | 3 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## Idealized model {#idealized_model}
### General improvements {#general_improvements}
Both batch and continuous distillations can be improved by making use of a fractionating column on top of the distillation flask. The column improves separation by providing a larger surface area for the vapor and co... | 139 | Distillation | 4 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## Laboratory procedures {#laboratory_procedures}
Laboratory scale distillations are almost exclusively run as batch distillations. The device used in distillation, sometimes referred to as a *still*, consists at a minimum of a reboiler or *pot* in which the source material is heated, a condenser in wh... | 930 | Distillation | 5 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## Laboratory procedures {#laboratory_procedures}
### Molecular distillation {#molecular_distillation}
Molecular distillation is vacuum distillation below the pressure of 0.01 torr. 0.01 torr is one order of magnitude above high vacuum, where fluids are in the free molecular flow regime, i.e., the mean... | 754 | Distillation | 6 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## Laboratory procedures {#laboratory_procedures}
### Other types {#other_types}
- The process of reactive distillation involves using the reaction vessel as the still. In this process, the product is usually significantly lower boiling than its reactants. As the product is formed from the reactants,... | 755 | Distillation | 7 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## Azeotropic process {#azeotropic_process}
Interactions between the components of the solution create properties unique to the solution, as most processes entail non-ideal mixtures, where Raoult\'s law does not hold. Such interactions can result in a constant-boiling **azeotrope** which behaves as if ... | 660 | Distillation | 8 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## Industrial process {#industrial_process}
*Main article: Continuous distillation* Large scale industrial distillation applications include both batch and continuous fractional, vacuum, azeotropic, extractive, and steam distillation. The most widely used industrial applications of continuous, steady-s... | 1,047 | Distillation | 9 |
8,301 | # Distillation
## In food processing {#in_food_processing}
### Beverages
Carbohydrate-containing plant materials are allowed to ferment, producing a dilute solution of ethanol in the process. Spirits such as whiskey and rum are prepared by distilling these dilute solutions of ethanol. Components other than ethanol, ... | 216 | Distillation | 10 |
8,309 | # Duesberg hypothesis
The **Duesberg hypothesis** is the claim that AIDS is not caused by HIV, but instead that AIDS is caused by noninfectious factors such as recreational and pharmaceutical drug use and that HIV is merely a harmless passenger virus. The hypothesis was popularized by Peter Duesberg, a professor of bi... | 458 | Duesberg hypothesis | 0 |
8,309 | # Duesberg hypothesis
## Role of legal and illegal drug use {#role_of_legal_and_illegal_drug_use}
### Scientific study and rejection of Duesberg\'s risk-AIDS hypothesis {#scientific_study_and_rejection_of_duesbergs_risk_aids_hypothesis}
Several studies have specifically addressed Duesberg\'s claim that recreational d... | 392 | Duesberg hypothesis | 1 |
8,309 | # Duesberg hypothesis
## AIDS in Africa {#aids_in_africa}
According to the Duesberg hypothesis, AIDS is not found in Africa. What Duesberg calls \"the myth of an African AIDS epidemic,\" among people\" exists for several reasons, including:
- The need, according to Duesberg, of the CDC, the WHO, and other health o... | 852 | Duesberg hypothesis | 2 |
8,309 | # Duesberg hypothesis
## Scientific response to the Duesberg hypothesis {#scientific_response_to_the_duesberg_hypothesis}
The consensus in the scientific community is that the Duesberg hypothesis has been refuted by a large and growing mass of evidence showing that HIV causes AIDS, that the amount of virus in the blo... | 567 | Duesberg hypothesis | 3 |
8,315 | # Diamagnetism
`{{Condensed matter physics}}`{=mediawiki}
**Diamagnetism** is the property of materials that are repelled by a magnetic field; an applied magnetic field creates an induced magnetic field in them in the opposite direction, causing a repulsive force. In contrast, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials... | 270 | Diamagnetism | 0 |
8,315 | # Diamagnetism
## Materials
thumb\|left\|upright=1.4\|Diamagnetic material interaction in magnetic field. On keeping diamagnetic materials in a magnetic field, the electron orbital motion changes in such a way that magnetic dipole moments are induced on the atoms / molecules in the direction opposite to the external ... | 442 | Diamagnetism | 1 |
8,315 | # Diamagnetism
## Demonstrations
### Curving water surfaces {#curving_water_surfaces}
If a powerful magnet (such as a supermagnet) is covered with a layer of water (that is thin compared to the diameter of the magnet) then the field of the magnet significantly repels the water. This causes a slight dimple in the wat... | 325 | Diamagnetism | 2 |
8,315 | # Diamagnetism
## Theory
The electrons in a material generally settle in orbitals, with effectively zero resistance and act like current loops. Thus it might be imagined that diamagnetism effects in general would be common, since any applied magnetic field would generate currents in these loops that would oppose the ... | 645 | Diamagnetism | 3 |
8,324 | # Difference engine
A **difference engine** is an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It was designed in the 1820s, and was created by Charles Babbage. The name *difference engine* is derived from the method of finite differences, a way to interpolate or tabulate functions by usi... | 1,104 | Difference engine | 0 |
8,324 | # Difference engine
## History
### Construction of two working No. 2 difference engines {#construction_of_two_working_no._2_difference_engines}
During the 1980s, Allan G. Bromley, an associate professor at the University of Sydney, Australia, studied Babbage\'s original drawings for the Difference and Analytical Engi... | 329 | Difference engine | 1 |
8,324 | # Difference engine
## Operation
The difference engine consists of a number of columns, numbered from **1** to ***N***. The machine is able to store one decimal number in each column. The machine can only add the value of a column *n* + 1 to column *n* to produce the new value of *n*. Column *N* can only store a cons... | 550 | Difference engine | 2 |
8,324 | # Difference engine
## Method of differences {#method_of_differences}
The principle of a difference engine is Newton\'s method of divided differences. If the initial value of a polynomial (and of its finite differences) is calculated by some means for some value of ***X***, the difference engine can calculate any num... | 472 | Difference engine | 3 |
8,324 | # Difference engine
## Initial values {#initial_values}
The initial values of columns can be calculated by first manually calculating N consecutive values of the function and by backtracking (i.e. calculating the required differences).
Col $1_0$ gets the value of the function at the start of computation $f(0)$. Col ... | 409 | Difference engine | 4 |
8,326 | # Draupnir
In Norse mythology, **Draupnir** (Old Norse: `{{IPA|non|ˈdrɔupnez̠|}}`{=mediawiki}, \"the dripper\") is a gold ring possessed by the god Odin with the ability to multiply itself: Every ninth night, eight new rings \'drip\' from Draupnir, each one of the same size and weight as the original.
Draupnir was fo... | 215 | Draupnir | 0 |
8,327 | # Dromi
**Dromi** (*דרומי*) is a Hebrew surname | 8 | Dromi | 0 |
8,336 | # Decision problem
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a **decision problem** is a computational problem that can be posed as a yes--no question on a set of input values. An example of a decision problem is deciding whether a given natural number is prime. Another example is the problem, \"giv... | 598 | Decision problem | 0 |
8,336 | # Decision problem
## Function problems {#function_problems}
Decision problems are closely related to function problems, which can have answers that are more complex than a simple *YES* or *NO*. A corresponding function problem is \"given two numbers *x* and *y*, what is *x* divided by *y*?\".
A function problem con... | 286 | Decision problem | 1 |
8,336 | # Decision problem
## Optimization problems {#optimization_problems}
Unlike decision problems, for which there is only one correct answer for each input, optimization problems are concerned with finding the *best* answer to a particular input. Optimization problems arise naturally in many applications, such as the tr... | 209 | Decision problem | 2 |
8,343 | # David Janssen
**David Janssen** (born **David Harold Meyer**; March 27, 1931 -- February 13, 1980) was an American film and television actor who is best known for his starring role as Richard Kimble in the television series *The Fugitive* (1963--1967). Janssen also had the title roles in three other series: *Richard... | 748 | David Janssen | 0 |
8,343 | # David Janssen
## Death
Janssen was a heavy drinker, and a chain smoker who smoked up to four packs of cigarettes a day. He died from a sudden heart attack in the early morning of February 13, 1980, at his beachfront home in Malibu, California, at the age of 48. At the time of his death, Janssen was filming the tele... | 752 | David Janssen | 1 |
8,343 | # David Janssen
## Selected filmography {#selected_filmography}
### Television series {#television_series}
- *Boston Blackie* (1951) (Season 1 Episode 2: \"Cop Killer\") as Armored Car Driver (uncredited)
- *Lux Video Theatre* (1955--1956) (3 episodes)
- (Season 5 Episode 30: \"It Grows on Trees\") (1955) a... | 508 | David Janssen | 2 |
8,349 | # Denarius
The ***denarius*** (`{{IPA|la|deːˈnaːriʊs|lang}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{plural form}}`{=mediawiki}: ***dēnāriī***, `{{IPA|la|deːˈnaːriiː|lang}}`{=mediawiki}) was the standard Roman silver coin from its introduction in the Second Punic War c. 211 BC to the reign of Gordian III (AD 238--244), when it was gradually ... | 609 | Denarius | 0 |
8,349 | # Denarius
## Debasement and evolution {#debasement_and_evolution}
+-----------+------------------------------+--------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 1,641 | Denarius | 1 |
8,349 | # Denarius
## Value, comparisons and silver content {#value_comparisons_and_silver_content}
1 gold *aureus* = 2 gold *quinarii* = 25 silver *denarii* = 50 silver *quinarii* = 100 bronze *sestertii* = 200 bronze dupondii = 400 copper *asses* = 800 copper *semisses* = 1,600 copper *quadrantes*`{{When|date=July 2019}}`{... | 352 | Denarius | 2 |
8,349 | # Denarius
## Influence
In the final years of the 1st century BC Tincomarus, a local ruler in southern Britain, started issuing coins that appear to have been made from melted down *denarii*. The coins of Eppillus, issued around Calleva Atrebatum around the same time, appear to have derived design elements from vario... | 500 | Denarius | 3 |
8,350 | # Della Rovere
The **House of Della Rovere** (`{{IPA|it|della ˈroːvere|pron}}`{=mediawiki}; literally \"of the oak tree\") was a powerful Italian noble family. It had humble origins in Savona, in Liguria, and acquired power and influence through nepotism and ambitious marriages arranged by two Della Rovere popes: Fran... | 744 | Della Rovere | 0 |
8,361 | # Definable real number
Informally, a **definable real number** is a real number that can be uniquely specified by its description. The description may be expressed as a construction or as a formula of a formal language. For example, the positive square root of 2, $\sqrt{2}$, can be defined as the unique positive solu... | 623 | Definable real number | 0 |
8,361 | # Definable real number
## Definability in arithmetic {#definability_in_arithmetic}
Another notion of definability comes from the formal theories of arithmetic, such as Peano arithmetic. The language of arithmetic has symbols for 0, 1, the successor operation, addition, and multiplication, intended to be interpreted ... | 319 | Definable real number | 1 |
8,361 | # Definable real number
## Definability in models of ZFC {#definability_in_models_of_zfc}
A real number $a$ is **first-order definable in the language of set theory, without parameters**, if there is a formula $\varphi$ in the language of set theory, with one free variable, such that $a$ is the unique real number suc... | 310 | Definable real number | 2 |
8,368 | # Dumnonii
The **Dumnonii** or **Dumnones** were a British tribe who inhabited Dumnonia, the area now known as Cornwall and Devon (and some areas of present-day Dorset and Somerset) in the further parts of the South West peninsula of Britain, from at least the Iron Age up to the early Saxon period. They were bordered ... | 758 | Dumnonii | 0 |
8,368 | # Dumnonii
## Settlements
### Isca Dumnoniorum {#isca_dumnoniorum}
The Latin name for Exeter is Isca Dumnoniorum (\"Water of the Dumnonii\"). This oppidum (a Latin term meaning an important town) on the banks of River Exe certainly existed prior to the foundation of the Roman city in about AD 50. *Isca* is derived f... | 807 | Dumnonii | 1 |
8,368 | # Dumnonii
## Industries
Apart from fishing and agriculture, the main economic resource of the Dumnonii was tin mining. The area of Dumnonia had been mined since ancient times, and the tin was exported from the ancient trading port of Ictis (St Michael\'s Mount). Tin extraction (mainly by streaming) had existed here ... | 459 | Dumnonii | 2 |
8,387 | # Draught beer
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Draught beer fonts at the Delirium Café in Brussels
**Draught beer**, also spelt **draft**, is beer served from a cask or keg rather than from a bottle or can. Draught beer served from a pressurised keg is also known as `{{nowrap|'''keg beer'''.}}`{=mediawiki}
## Name
Until Joseph... | 438 | Draught beer | 0 |
8,387 | # Draught beer
## Keg beer {#keg_beer}
Keg beer is often filtered and/or pasteurised, both of which are processes that render the yeast inactive.
In brewing parlance, a keg is different from a cask. A cask has a tap hole near the edge of the top, and a spile hole on the side used for conditioning the unfiltered and ... | 673 | Draught beer | 1 |
8,411 | # Darwinism
***Darwinism*** is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809--1882) and others. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individual... | 436 | Darwinism | 0 |
8,411 | # Darwinism
## Huxley
thumb\|upright=1.15\|As evolution became widely accepted in the 1870s, caricatures of Charles Darwin with the body of an ape or monkey symbolised evolution.
Huxley, upon first reading Darwin\'s theory in 1858, responded, \"How extremely stupid not to have thought of that!\"
While the term *Dar... | 340 | Darwinism | 1 |
8,411 | # Darwinism
## Other 19th-century usage {#other_19th_century_usage}
\"Darwinism\" soon came to stand for an entire range of evolutionary (and often revolutionary) philosophies about both biology and society. One of the more prominent approaches, summed in the 1864 phrase \"survival of the fittest\" by Herbert Spencer... | 380 | Darwinism | 2 |
8,411 | # Darwinism
## Contemporary usage {#contemporary_usage}
The term *Darwinism* is often used in the United States by promoters of creationism, notably by leading members of the intelligent design movement, as an epithet to attack evolution as though it were an ideology (an \"-ism\") based on philosophical naturalism, a... | 707 | Darwinism | 3 |
8,421 | # Sideroxylon grandiflorum
***Sideroxylon grandiflorum***, also known as the **tambalacoque** or **dodo tree**, is a long-lived species of tree in the sapote family Sapotaceae. It is endemic to Mauritius.
## Description
The fruit of *Sideroxylon grandiflorum* is analogous to a peach. Each is termed a drupe because e... | 530 | Sideroxylon grandiflorum | 0 |
8,437 | # Diedrich Hermann Westermann
**Diedrich Hermann Westermann** (24 June 1875 -- 31 May 1956) was a German missionary, Africanist, and linguist. He substantially extended and revised the work of Carl Meinhof, his teacher, although he rejected some of Meinhof\'s theories only implicitly. Westermann is seen as one of the ... | 255 | Diedrich Hermann Westermann | 0 |
8,454 | # Double planet
In astronomy, a **double planet** (also **binary planet**) is a binary satellite system where both objects are planets, or planetary-mass objects, and whose barycenter is external to both planetary bodies.
Although up to a third of the star systems in the Milky Way are binary, double planets are expec... | 756 | Double planet | 0 |
8,454 | # Double planet
## Definition of \"double planet\" {#definition_of_double_planet}
### Tug-of-war value {#tug_of_war_value}
Isaac Asimov suggested a distinction between planet--moon and double-planet structures based in part on what he called a \"tug-of-war\" value, which does not consider their relative sizes. This q... | 479 | Double planet | 1 |
8,454 | # Double planet
## Definition of \"double planet\" {#definition_of_double_planet}
### Formation of the system {#formation_of_the_system}
A final consideration is the way in which the two bodies came to form a system. Both the Earth--Moon and Pluto--Charon systems are thought to have been formed as a result of giant i... | 226 | Double planet | 2 |
8,459 | # Dwight L. Moody
**Dwight Lyman Moody** (February 5, 1837 -- December 22, 1899), also known as **D. L. Moody**, was an American evangelist and publisher connected with Keswickianism, who founded the Moody Church, Northfield School and Mount Hermon School in Massachusetts (now Northfield Mount Hermon School), Moody Bi... | 427 | Dwight L. Moody | 0 |
8,459 | # Dwight L. Moody
## Civil War {#civil_war}
`{{Blockquote|The first meeting I ever saw him at was in a little old shanty that had been abandoned by a saloon-keeper. Mr. Moody had got the place to hold the meetings at night. I went there a little late; and the first thing I saw was a man standing up with a few tallow ... | 295 | Dwight L. Moody | 1 |
8,459 | # Dwight L. Moody
## Chicago and the postwar years {#chicago_and_the_postwar_years}
In 1858, he started a Sunday school.
The growing Sunday School congregation needed a permanent home, so Moody started a church in Chicago, the Illinois Street Church in 1864.
In June 1871 at an International Sunday School Convention... | 1,055 | Dwight L. Moody | 2 |
8,459 | # Dwight L. Moody
## Works
- *Heaven* Diggory Press `{{ISBN|978-1-84685-812-3}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Prevailing Prayer---What Hinders it?* Diggory Press `{{ISBN|978-1-84685-803-1}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Secret Power* (1881) Diggory Press `{{ISBN|978-1-84685-802-4}}`{=mediawiki}
- *The Ten Commandments*
- Also, A Life ... | 42 | Dwight L. Moody | 3 |
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